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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The City of the Mormons, by Henry Caswall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The City of the Mormons
+       or, Three Days at Nauvoo, in 1842
+
+Author: Henry Caswall
+
+Release Date: June 21, 2011 [EBook #36486]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CITY OF THE MORMONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David E. Brown, Bryan Ness and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+  CITY OF THE MORMONS;
+
+  OR,
+
+  THREE DAYS AT NAUVOO,
+  IN 1842.
+
+  BY THE REV.
+  HENRY CASWALL, M.A.
+
+  AUTHOR OF "AMERICA AND THE AMERICAN CHURCH,"
+  AND PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN KEMPER COLLEGE,
+  ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.
+
+  LONDON:
+
+  PRINTED FOR J. G. F. & J. RIVINGTON,
+  ST. PAUL'S CHURCH YARD, AND WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL:
+  & SOLD BY W. GRAPEL, LIVERPOOL.
+
+  1842.
+
+
+
+
+                    O  merciful God,
+                    who   hast  made
+                    all   men,   and
+                    hatest   nothing
+                    that  thou  hast
+                    made:       have
+  mercy upon all Jews, Turks, Infidels, and  HERETICS,
+  and take from them all ignorance, hardness of heart,
+  and contempt of thy word;  and so  fetch them  home,
+  blessed  Lord,  TO  THY  FLOCK,  that  they  may  be
+                    saved      among
+                    the  remnant  of
+                    true Israelites,
+                    and   be    made
+                    one  fold  under
+                    one    Shepherd,
+                    Jesus     Christ
+                    our   Lord,  who
+                    liveth       and
+                    reigneth    with
+                    thee   and   the
+                    Holy     Spirit,
+                    one  God,  world
+                    without     end.
+                        A M E N.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The following narrative, the result of a few weeks' leisure on
+shipboard, is presented to the Christian public, with a deep sense, on
+the Author's part, of the iniquity of an imposture, which, under the
+name of religion, is spreading extensively in America and in Great
+Britain. Mormonism needs but to be seen in its true light to be hated;
+and if the following pages, consisting almost exclusively of the
+personal testimony of the Author, should assist in awakening public
+indignation against a cruel delusion and a preposterous heresy, he will
+consider himself amply rewarded. A History of Mormonism, from its
+commencement to the present time, may perhaps form the subject of a
+future publication.
+
+  _Liverpool, June 19, 1842._
+
+
+
+
+THE
+CITY OF THE MORMONS,
+_&c._
+
+
+The rise and progress of a new religion afford a subject of the highest
+interest to the philosophical observer. Under these circumstances human
+nature may be seen in a novel aspect. We behold the mind grasping at an
+ideal form of perfection, exulting in the imaginary possession of
+revelations, and rejoicing in its fancied intercourse with the Supreme
+Being. A new religion must, of necessity, be regarded by Christians as a
+mere imposture. Painful, however, as it is to contemplate our
+fellow-beings deceiving and deceived, it is instructive, on the one
+hand, to watch the demeanour of those who have succeeded in establishing
+a spiritual dominion, and, on the other hand, to notice the conduct of
+those who believe themselves surrounded by the full blaze of prophecy
+and miracle.
+
+Nor is the growth of a new religion a subject merely of philosophical
+curiosity. In a historical point of view it is worthy of all the light
+which careful investigation can bestow. The cause of truth imperatively
+demands that the progress of error should be diligently noted. How
+gladly should we receive the testimony of one who had been a witness of
+the early growth of the religion of Mahomet! How highly should we esteem
+an authentic account of the process by which the corrupt Christian of
+the seventh century was gradually alienated from the faith of his
+fathers, and induced to accept as divine the "revelations" of the
+Arabian impostor!
+
+To give such a testimony, to describe such a process, is within the
+power of the traveller at the present day. In Western America, amid
+countless forms of schism, a new religion has arisen, as if in
+punishment for the sins of Christendom. Like Mahometanism, it possesses
+many features in common with the religion of Christ. It professes to
+admit the inspiration of the Old and New Testaments, it even
+acknowledges the Trinity, the Atonement and Divinity of the Messiah. But
+it has cast away that Church which Christ erected upon the foundation of
+Apostles and Prophets, and has substituted a false church in its stead.
+It has introduced a new book as a depository of the revelations of God,
+which in practice has almost superseded the sacred Scriptures. It
+teaches men to regard a profane and ignorant impostor as a special
+prophet of the Almighty, and to consider themselves as saints while in
+the practice of impiety. It robs them sometimes of their substance, and
+too often of their honesty; and finally sends them, beneath a shade of
+deep spiritual darkness, into the presence of that God of truth whose
+holy faith they have denied.
+
+At the first preaching of Mormonism, sensible and religious persons,
+both in Europe and in America, rather ridiculed than seriously opposed
+it. They imagined it to be an absurd delusion, which would shortly
+overturn itself. But system and discipline, almost equal to those of
+Rome, have been brought to its aid. What was at first crude and
+undigested, has been gradually reduced to shape and proportion. At the
+present moment Mormonism numbers more than a hundred thousand adherents,
+a large portion of whom are natives of Christian and enlightened
+England.
+
+The immediate cause of my visit to Nauvoo was the following. Early in
+April, 1842, business took me to St. Louis, a city of thirty thousand
+inhabitants, situated on the western bank of the Mississippi, from which
+Kemper College is six miles distant. Curiosity led me to the river's
+side, where about forty steam-boats were busily engaged in receiving or
+discharging their various cargoes. The spectacle was truly exciting. The
+landing-place (or _levée_, as it is denominated) was literally swarming
+with life. Here a ponderous consignment of lead had arrived from Galena,
+four hundred miles to the north, and the crew were piling it upon the
+shore in regular and well-constructed layers. There a quantity of
+ploughs, scythes, and other agricultural implements, crowded the decks
+of a steamer which had just finished a westward voyage of fourteen
+hundred miles from Pittsburg. In another place, a vessel that had
+descended the rapid current of the Missouri for many hundred miles in
+an easterly direction, was landing pork and other produce of the fertile
+West; while farther down a large steam-boat from New Orleans, crowded
+with passengers from the South, having completed her voyage of twelve
+hundred miles, was blowing off the steam from her high pressure engines
+with a noise like thunder.
+
+Desiring to know something respecting the passengers in the last boat, I
+proceeded on board; and as soon as the stoppage of the steam permitted
+me to be heard, I inquired of the clerk of the boat how many persons he
+had brought from New Orleans. "Plenty of live stock," was his reply,
+"plenty of live stock; we have three hundred English emigrants, all on
+their way to join Joe Smith, the prophet at Nauvoo." I walked into that
+portion of the vessel appropriated to the poorer class of travellers,
+and here I beheld my unfortunate countrymen crowded together in a most
+comfortless manner. I addressed myself to some of them, and found that
+they were from the neighbourhood of Preston in Lancashire. They were
+decent-looking people, and by no means of the lowest class. I took the
+liberty of questioning them respecting their plans, and found that they
+were indeed the dupes of the missionaries of Mormonism. I begged them to
+be on their guard, and suggested to them the importance of not
+committing themselves and their property to a person who had long been
+known in that country as a deceiver. They were, however, bent upon
+completing the journey which they had designed, and although they
+civilly listened to my statements, they professed to be guided in
+reference to the prophet by that perverted precept of Scripture; "Prove
+all things, hold fast that which is good."
+
+From this moment I determined to visit the stronghold of the new
+religion, and to obtain, if possible, an interview with the prophet
+himself. Accordingly, on Friday evening, April 15th, I embarked on board
+the fine steamer "Republic," bound, as her advertisement assured me,
+"for Galena, Dubuque, and Prairie du Chien." I had laid aside my
+clerical apparel, and had assumed a dress in which there was little
+probability of my being recognized as a "minister of the Gentiles." In
+order to test the scholarship of the prophet, I had further provided
+myself with an ancient Greek manuscript of the Psalter written upon
+parchment, and probably about six hundred years old. Shortly after six
+o'clock our paddles were in motion, and we were stemming the rapid
+current of the "Father of waters," while the booming of our
+high-pressure engine re-echoed from the buildings and the woods along
+the shore. The passengers were principally emigrants from the eastern
+states, on their way to the new settlements in Iowa and Wisconsin. Those
+in the cabin were so numerous, that our long supper-table was three
+times replenished at our evening meal; while a still greater number
+crowded the apartments of the deck passengers. During the night we
+passed the confluence of the Missouri and the Mississippi, and in the
+morning we were pushing our way through the comparatively clear waters,
+and along the woody banks of the Upper Mississippi. Occasionally we
+passed a small village, and two or three times during the day we landed
+at some rising town; but generally the scene was one in which nature
+enjoyed undisturbed repose. The river was high from frequent rains in
+the upper country, and its surface was about one foot lower than the top
+of the verdant banks. Our cabin windows were frequently brushed by the
+branches and clustering foliage of the cotton-wood trees; the
+sugar-maple, and the sycamore, were putting forth their early leaves at
+a short distance in the background, and one dense mass of heavy timber
+covered the picturesque bluffs to their very summit. The day was
+pleasant, and I sat almost constantly upon the highest or "hurricane"
+deck, enjoying a fine prospect of the noble river and its shores. During
+the following night we continued our ascending course, and early on
+Sunday morning we were at the foot of the "Des Moines Rapids," with
+Illinois on the right hand, and Iowa on the left. The rapids prevent the
+passage of steam-boats during the greater part of the year, on account
+of the shallowness of the water and the strength of the current. As the
+river was now full, we experienced no difficulty, and slowly made our
+way against a stream running perhaps seven miles an hour. The
+Mississippi is here about a mile and a half in width, and forms a
+beautiful curve. On the western side were a number of new houses with
+gardens neatly fenced, and occupied, I was told, by Mormon emigrants who
+had recently arrived. Farther onward the bluffs of Iowa rose boldly from
+the water's edge, while on the Illinois or eastern side, as the steamer
+gradually came round the curve, the Mormon city opened upon my view. At
+length, Nauvoo in all its "latter-day glory" lay before me. The
+landing-place being difficult of access from the rapidity of the
+current, the steamer took me to Montrose immediately opposite, and
+touching for a moment, while I stepped on shore, in the next moment was
+again ploughing the descending waters.
+
+Here I was in Iowa, two hundred and thirty miles from St. Louis, fifteen
+hundred miles from the mouth of the majestic river before me, and two
+thousand miles west of New York by the ordinary course of travel. It was
+nine o'clock on Sunday morning; the sun was shining brightly, as usual
+in this region, and a strong breeze had raised a moderate swell on the
+face of the stream. No ferryman was to be found, and for a few minutes
+it was a problem how I should cross to Nauvoo. The problem was soon
+solved by the appearance of a long and narrow canoe, hewed from the
+trunk of a tree, and lying close to the bank. In this doubtful-looking
+craft, thirteen Mormons on their way to the meeting in Nauvoo, proceeded
+to take their seats. At my request they accommodated me with a place,
+and shortly afterwards pushed from the shore, and put their paddles in
+motion. They worked their way with some difficulty, until they reached
+two islands near the middle of the river. Between these there was no
+swell, and little wind; but the current ran against us through a narrow
+passage with the rapidity of a mill-race. Here I thought we should be
+effectually baffled, and more than once the canoe seemed to yield to the
+stream. At length the stout sinews of the Mormons prevailed, and we were
+again in open water. After labouring hard for more than half an hour we
+safely landed at Nauvoo.
+
+The situation of the place is rather striking. Above the curve of the
+Des Moines rapids the Mississippi makes another curve almost
+semicircular towards the east. The ground included within the semicircle
+is level, and upon this site the city has been laid out. The streets
+extend across the semicircle east and west, being limited at each
+extremity by the river. These streets are intersected at right angles by
+others, which, running northward to the river, are bounded on the south
+by a rising ground, on the summit of which the temple is in the course
+of erection. It was to this last-mentioned spot that with my companions
+I directed my steps. Having ascended the hill, I found myself close to a
+large unfinished stone building, the walls of which had advanced eight
+or ten feet above the ground. This was the Temple. The view of the
+winding Mississippi from this elevation was truly grand, and the whole
+of the lower part of the town was distinctly seen. I was informed by my
+companions that the population of Nauvoo was about ten thousand; but
+subsequent inquiry led me to place the estimate three or four thousand
+lower.
+
+The temple being unfinished, about half-past ten o'clock a congregation
+of perhaps two thousand persons assembled in a grove, within a short
+distance of the sanctuary. Their appearance was quite respectable, and
+fully equal to that of dissenting meetings generally in the western
+country. Many grey-headed old men were there, and many well-dressed
+females. I perceived numerous groups of the peasantry of old England;
+their sturdy forms, their clear complexions, and their heavy movements,
+strongly contrasting with the slight figure, the sallow visage, and the
+elastic step of the American. There, too, were the bright and innocent
+looks of little children, who, born among the privileges of England's
+Church, baptized with her consecrated waters, and taught to lisp her
+prayers and repeat her catechism, had now been led into this den of
+heresy, to listen to the ravings of a false prophet, and to imbibe the
+principles of a semi-pagan delusion.
+
+The officiating elders not having yet arrived, the congregation listened
+for some time to the performances of a choir of men and women, directed
+by one who appeared to be a professional singing-master. At length two
+elders came forward, and ascended a platform rudely constructed of
+planks and logs. One wore a blue coat, and his companion, a stout
+intemperate-looking man, appeared in a thick jacket of green baize. He
+in the blue coat gave out a hymn, which was sung, but with little
+spirit, by the congregation, all standing. He then made a few
+common-place remarks on the nature of prayer; after which, leaning
+forward on a railing in front of the platform, he began to pray. Having
+dwelt for a few minutes on the character and perfections of the
+Almighty, he proceeded in the following strain:--
+
+"We thank thee, O Lord, that thou hast in these latter days restored the
+gifts of prophecy, of revelation, of great signs and wonders, as in the
+days of old. We thank Thee that, as thou didst formerly raise up thy
+servant Joseph to deliver his brethren in Egypt, so Thou hast now
+raised up another Joseph to save his brethren from bondage to sectarian
+delusion, and to bring them into this great and good land, a land
+flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands, and which
+Thou didst promise to be an inheritance for the seed of Jacob for
+ever-more. We pray for thy servant and prophet Joseph, that Thou
+wouldest bless him and prosper him, that although the archers have
+sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him, his bow may abide in
+strength, and the arms of his hands may be made strong by the hands of
+the mighty God of Jacob. We pray also for thy holy temple, that the
+nations of the earth may bring gold and incense, that the sons of
+strangers may build up its walls, and fly to it as a cloud, and as doves
+to their windows. We pray Thee also to hasten the ingathering of thy
+people, every man to his heritage and every man to his land. We pray
+that as thou hast set up this place as an ensign for the nations, so
+Thou wouldest continue to assemble here the outcasts, and gather
+together the dispersed from the four corners of the earth. May every
+valley be exalted, and every mountain and hill be made low, and the
+crooked places straight, and the rough places plain, and may the glory
+of the Lord be revealed and all flesh see it together! Bring thy sons
+from far, and thy daughters from the ends of the earth, and let them
+bring their silver and their gold with them."
+
+Thus he proceeded for perhaps half an hour, after which he sat down, and
+the elder in green baize, having thrown aside his jacket,--for the heat
+of the sun was now considerable,--commenced a discourse.
+
+He began by stating the importance of forming correct views of the
+character of God. People were generally content with certain
+preconceived views on this subject derived from tradition. These views
+were for the most part incorrect. The common opinion respecting God made
+him an unjust God, a partial God, a cruel God, a God worthy only of
+hatred; in fact, "the greatest devil in the universe." Thus also people
+in general had been "traditioned" to suppose that divine revelation was
+confined to the old-fashioned book called the Bible, a book principally
+written in Asia, by Jews, and suited to particular circumstances and
+particular classes. On the other hand, they supposed that this vast
+continent of America had been destitute of all revelation for five
+thousand years, until Columbus discovered it, and "the good, pious,
+precise Puritans brought over with them, some two hundred years since,
+that precious old book called the Bible." Now God had promised to judge
+all men without respect of persons. If, therefore, the American
+aborigines had never received a revelation, and were yet to be judged
+together with the Jews and the Christians, God was most horribly unjust;
+and he, for his part, would never love such a God; he could only hate
+him. He said there was a verse somewhere in the Bible, he could not tell
+where, as he was "a bad hand at quoting," but he thought it was in the
+Revelation. "If it's not there," he said, "read the whole book through,
+and you'll find it, I guess, somewhere. I hav'n't a Bible with me, I
+left mine at home, as it ain't necessary." Now this verse, he proceeded
+to observe, stated that Christ had redeemed men by his blood out of
+_every_ kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation; and had made them
+unto God kings and priests. But in America there were the ruins of vast
+cities, and wonderful edifices, which proved that great and civilized
+nations had existed on this continent. If the Bible was true, therefore,
+God must have had priests and kings among those nations, and numbers of
+them must have been redeemed by the blood of Christ. Revelations from
+God must consequently have been granted to them. The Old and New
+Testaments were therefore only portions of the revelations of God, and
+not a complete revelation, nor were they designed to be so. "Am I to
+believe," said he, "that God would cast me or any body else into hell,
+without giving me a revelation?" God now revealed Himself in America
+just as truly as he had ever done in Asia. The present congregation
+lived in the midst of wonders and signs equal to those mentioned in the
+Bible, and they had the blessing of revelation mainly through the medium
+of that chosen servant of God, Joseph Smith. The Gentiles often came to
+Nauvoo to look at the prophet Joseph--old Joe, as they profanely termed
+him--and to see what he was doing; but many who came to laugh remained
+to pray, and soon the kings and nobles of the earth would count it a
+privilege to come to Nauvoo and behold the great work of the Lord in
+these latter days. "The work of God is prospering," he said, "in
+England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales; in Australia, and at the Cape of
+Good Hope, in the East and West Indies, in Palestine, in Africa, and
+throughout America, thousands and tens of thousands are getting
+converted by our preachers, are baptized for the remission of sins, and
+are selling off all they have that they may come to Nauvoo. The great
+and glorious work has begun, and I defy all earth and hell to stop it."
+
+A hymn was now sung; and afterwards a tall, thin, New-England Yankee,
+with a strong nasal twang and provincial accent, rose up, and leaning
+forward on the railing, spoke for half an hour with great volubility. He
+said that his office required him to speak of business. They were all
+aware that God had by special revelation appointed a committee of four
+persons, and had required them to build a house unto his name, such a
+one as his servant, Joseph, should show them. That the said house should
+be called the "Nauvoo House," and should be for a house of boarding:
+that the kings and nobles of the earth, and all weary travellers, might
+lodge therein, while they should contemplate the word of the Lord, and
+the corner-stone, which He had appointed for Zion. That in this house
+the Lord had said that there should be reserved a suite of rooms for his
+servant Joseph, and his seed after him from generation to generation.
+And that the Lord had also commanded that stock should be subscribed by
+the saints, and received by the committee for the purpose of building
+the house. The speaker proceeded as follows:--"Now, brethren, the Lord
+has commanded this work, and the work _must_ be done. Yes; it _shall_ be
+done--it _will_ be done. The Gentiles, the men of the world, tell us
+that such stock must pay twenty-five per cent. per annum, and the Lord
+hath required us to take stock; surely, then, when duty and interest go
+together, you will not be backward to contribute. But only a small
+amount of stock has hitherto been taken, and the committee appointed by
+the Lord have had to go on borrowing, and borrowing, until they can
+borrow no longer. In the mean time, the mechanics employed on the house
+want their pay, and the committee are not able to pay them. We have a
+boat ready to be towed up the river to the pine country, to get pinewood
+for the edifice. We have a crew engaged, and all ready to start; but we
+cannot send out the expedition without money. The committee have made
+great personal sacrifices to fulfil the commandment of the Lord: I
+myself came here with seven thousand dollars, and now I have only two
+thousand, having expended five thousand upon the work of the Lord. But
+we cannot go on in this way any longer. I call on you, brethren, to obey
+God's command, and take stock, even though you may not dress so finely
+as you do now, or build such fine houses. Let not the poor man say, I am
+too poor; but let the poor man contribute out of his poverty, and the
+rich man out of his wealth, and God will give you a blessing."
+
+During this address, I noticed some of the English emigrants whom I had
+seen a few days previously on board the steam-boat at St. Louis. They
+were listening with fixed attention, and, doubtless, considering how
+many of their hard-earned sovereigns should be devoted to the pious work
+of building a fine hotel for the prophet and his posterity. The thought
+arose in my mind, that these earnest appeals for money were designed
+mainly for the ears of the three hundred green saints who had just
+arrived.
+
+This address being concluded, two other elders followed in a similar
+strain. They spoke with great fluency, and appeared equally familiar
+with worldly business and operations in finance, as with prophecies and
+the book of Mormon. At length, having, as they supposed, wrought up the
+zeal of the congregation to a sufficient pitch, they called on all
+believers in the book of Mormon, who felt disposed to take stock, to
+come forward before the congregation, and give in their names with the
+amount of their subscriptions. Upon this appeal, there was much
+whispering among the audience; and I detected two Mormons, apparently
+from Yorkshire, in the very act of nodding and winking at each other.
+However, none came forward; and one of the elders coolly remarked,--that
+as they appeared not to have made up their minds as to the amount which
+they would take, he requested all who wished to become stockholders to
+come to his house the next afternoon at five o'clock.
+
+The elder who had delivered the first discourse now rose, and said that
+a certain brother, whom he named, had lost a keg of white lead. "Now,"
+said he, "if any of the brethren present has taken it by mistake,
+thinking it was his own, he ought to restore it; but if any of the
+brethren present has stolen the keg, much more ought he to restore it;
+or else, may be, he will get _cotched_; and that, too, within the
+corporation limits of the city of Nauvoo."
+
+Another person rose and stated that he had lost a ten-dollar bill. He
+had never lost any money before in his life; he always kept it very
+safely; but now, a ten-dollar bill had escaped from him, and if any of
+the brethren had found it, or taken it, he hoped it would be restored.
+
+A hymn was now sung, and the service (if such it may be called) having
+continued from half-past ten o'clock till two, finally concluded. As the
+congregation dispersed, I walked with the Mormon who had brought me over
+in his canoe, to see the temple. The building is a hundred and twenty
+feet in length, by eighty in breadth; and is designed to be the finest
+edifice west of Philadelphia. The Mormon informed me, that in this house
+the Lord designed to reveal unto his Church things which had been kept
+secret from the foundation of the world; and that He had declared that
+He would here restore the fulness of the priesthood. He showed me the
+great baptismal font, which is completed, and stands at the centre of
+the unfinished temple. This font is, in fact, a capacious laver,
+eighteen or twenty feet square, and about four in depth. It rests upon
+the backs of twelve oxen, as large as life, and tolerably well
+sculptured; but for some reason, perhaps mystical, entirely destitute of
+_feet_, though possessed of legs. The laver and oxen are of wood, and
+painted white; but are to be hereafter gilded, or covered with plates of
+gold. At this place baptisms for the dead are to be celebrated, as well
+as baptisms for the healing of diseases; but baptisms for the remission
+of sins are to be performed in the Mississippi. My companion told me
+that he was originally a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in
+Canada; but that he had obtained greater light, and had been led to join
+the "latter-day saints." While he was a methodist he felt that he was
+perfectly right, and could confute all other sects, except the Roman
+Catholics. These had so much of the true and ancient Church mixed up
+with their corruptions, that he could not readily confute them. Many
+passages of the Scriptures remained at that time perfectly inexplicable
+to him, and he felt that no denomination was organized exactly on the
+primitive plan. But since he had been led to embrace Mormonism, new
+light had opened upon his soul; the Scriptures had become perfectly
+clear, and he had discovered a Church entirely conformable to the
+primitive model; having the same divinely appointed ministry; the same
+miraculous gifts of healing, and the unknown tongues; the same
+prophetical inspiration; the same close intercourse with the Almighty. I
+observed, that the truth of Mormonism depended on the determination of
+the question, whether Joseph Smith was, in fact, a prophet of God. He
+replied, that the inspiration of Joseph could be proved more readily
+than that of Isaiah, Jeremiah, or Ezekiel. That Joseph had received
+revelations ever since he was fifteen years of age; and that the
+outlines of Mormonism were made known to him at a time when he could not
+possibly have planned so vast a work, or anticipated its triumphant
+success. While conversing on these subjects, we arrived at the "Nauvoo
+House," the hotel founded by "revelation." The walls are advanced about
+as much as those of the temple, and, when completed, will form a
+capacious building. Passing the prophet Smith's house, which is one of
+the best in the city, I arrived at a small, but neat, tavern, where I
+called to get dinner. An old woman, apparently the mistress of the
+house, was seated by the fire, devoutly reading the book of Mormon,
+from which she scarcely lifted her eyes as I entered. Here I found a
+decent, and probably intelligent, Scotchman. Conversing with him on the
+subject of the services which I had just witnessed, I remarked how
+greatly deficient they appeared in dignity and spirituality; and
+contrasted them with the decorous and solemn worship of the Church of
+England, and of the Scottish Kirk. I particularly referred to the keg of
+white lead and the ten-dollar bill, as well as to the derogatory manner
+in which the preacher had alluded to "the old-fashioned book called the
+Bible." Although I endeavoured to speak with mildness, the Scotchman
+replied with great warmth, that the English and Scottish Churches taught
+lies, and that their members loved lies more than truth. That all their
+solemnity was produced by hypocrisy and false doctrines respecting God.
+That the Mormons despised long faces, and all religions which required
+people to wear a sanctimonious and hypocritical exterior. He added, that
+Mormonism was making rapid progress in Scotland.
+
+From the tavern, I proceeded to the landing-place, and engaged the
+ferryman to take me over to Montrose, on the Iowa side of the river. I
+found this person to be a Mormon; and learned from him, that the ferry
+was the property of the prophet Joseph. He further informed me, that the
+number of passengers had become so considerable, that a steam ferry-boat
+had been purchased, and would soon be in operation. I afterwards found
+that his opinion of the character of his brethren, "the saints," was by
+no means flattering to them. He told a person in Montrose, that it was
+"no use to hoist a flag at Nauvoo as a signal to passengers, for it was
+sure to be stolen by the people there; they had so much of the devil in
+them."
+
+On arriving at Montrose, I went to the house of a gentleman to whom I
+had brought letters of introduction from St. Louis. This gentleman, with
+his lady and his brother, has resided many years at Montrose; and as he
+possesses the independence to resist the encroachments of the Mormons,
+and the ability to expose their designs, he has been an object of
+constant persecution since the settlement of these people in his
+vicinity. He at once desired me to make his house my home, and offered
+me every assistance in prosecuting my researches. Under his hospitable
+roof I spent a pleasant evening. His family united with me in religious
+services (for there is no place of worship in the neighbourhood); and,
+after the awful proceedings of the morning, I felt happy to be once more
+among Christians.
+
+On the following morning (Monday, April 18th), I took my venerable Greek
+manuscript of the Psalter, and proceeded to the ferry to obtain a
+passage. The boatman, being engaged to take over a family emigrating to
+Nauvoo, had provided himself with a heavy flat-boat, which promised us a
+long voyage. The family soon came on board. It consisted of a
+simple-looking American, his wife, and a numerous progeny. They had with
+them two oxen, two cows and a calf, bedding, tables, chairs, and a
+wooden clock. As we were about to push off, a traveller on horseback
+came on board, whom I found to be one of the numerous "Gentiles" induced
+by curiosity to visit the "Zion" of the West. The father of the family
+stated that he had become confounded by the conflicting doctrines of the
+sects, and imagined that in Mormonism he had finally discovered the only
+true Church. Our heavy boat was rowed up about a mile close to the Iowa
+shore. Having proceeded considerably above Nauvoo, the ferryman and his
+men began to venture out into the broad stream, in order to cross. As I
+was in haste to get over, I was permitted to take the small skiff
+alongside, and, in company with the emigrant, to pull over to Nauvoo. On
+the way, I held some conversation with my companion, and found him to be
+thoroughly wedded to his delusion. Arriving at the city, I passed along
+a straggling street of considerable length bordering on the strand.
+Perceiving a respectable-looking store (or shop), I entered it, and
+began to converse with the storekeeper. I mentioned that I had been
+informed that Mr. Smith possessed some remarkable Egyptian curiosities,
+which I wished to see. I added that, if Mr. Smith could be induced to
+show me his treasures, I would show him in return a very wonderful book
+which had lately come into my possession. The storekeeper informed me
+that Mr. Smith was absent, having gone to Carthage that morning; but
+that he would return about nine o'clock in the evening. He promised to
+obtain for me admission to the curiosities, and begged to be permitted
+to see the wonderful book. I accordingly unfolded it from the many
+wrappers in which I had enveloped it, and, in the presence of the
+storekeeper and many astonished spectators, whom the rumour of the
+arrival of a strange book had collected, I produced to view its covers
+of worm-eaten oak, its discoloured parchments, and its mysterious
+characters. Surprise was depicted on the countenances of all present,
+and, after a long silence, one person wiser than his fellows, declared
+that he knew it to be a revelation from the Lord, and that probably it
+was one of the lost books of the Bible providentially recovered. Looking
+at me with a patronizing air, he assured me that I had brought it to the
+right place to get it interpreted, for that none on earth but the Lord's
+prophet could explain it, or unfold its real antiquity and value. "Oh,"
+I replied, "I am going to England next week, and doubtless I shall find
+some learned man in one of the universities who can expound it." To this
+he answered with a sneer, that the Lord had chosen the weak things of
+the world to confound the mighty; that he had made foolish the wisdom of
+this world; and that I ought to thank Providence for having brought me
+to Nauvoo, where the hidden things of darkness could be revealed by
+divine power. All expressed the utmost anxiety that I should remain in
+the city until the prophet's return. The storekeeper offered immediately
+to send an express eighteen miles to Carthage, to hasten the return of
+Joseph. This I declined, and told him that my stay in Nauvoo must be
+very limited. They promised to pay all my expenses, if I would remain;
+and assured me that they would ferry me over the river as often as I
+desired it, free of charge; besides furnishing me with a carriage and
+horses to visit the beautiful prairies in the vicinity. At length I
+yielded to their importunities, and promised, that if they would bring
+me over from Montrose on the following morning, I would exhibit the book
+to the prophet. They were very desirous that I should remain at Nauvoo
+during the night; but as I had my fears that some of the saints might
+have a revelation, requiring them to take my book while I slept, I very
+respectfully declined their pressing invitation. They then requested to
+know where I was staying in Montrose. I mentioned the name of my
+hospitable entertainer; upon which they used the most violent language
+against him, and said that he was their bitter enemy and persecutor,
+that he was as bad as the people of Missouri, and that I ought not to
+believe a word that he said. They again pressed me most earnestly not to
+return to Montrose; but I continued firm, and expressed my intention of
+hearing both sides of the question.
+
+The storekeeper now proceeded to redeem his promise of obtaining for me
+access to the curiosities. He led me to a room behind his store, on the
+door of which was an inscription to the following effect: "Office of
+Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Latter Day Saints." Having
+introduced me, together with several Mormons, to this _sanctum
+sanctorum_, he locked the door behind him, and proceeded to what
+appeared to be a small chest of drawers. From this he drew forth a
+number of glazed slides, like picture frames, containing sheets of
+papyrus, with Egyptian inscriptions and hieroglyphics. These had been
+unrolled from four mummies, which the prophet had purchased at a cost of
+twenty-four hundred dollars. By some inexplicable mode, as the
+storekeeper informed me, Mr. Smith had discovered that these sheets
+contained the writings of Abraham, written with his own hand while in
+Egypt. Pointing to the figure of a man lying on a table, he said, "That
+is the picture of Abraham on the point of being sacrificed. That man
+standing by him with a drawn knife is an idolatrous priest of the
+Egyptians. Abraham prayed to God, who immediately unloosed his bands,
+and delivered him." Turning to another of the drawers, and pointing to a
+hieroglyphic representation, one of the Mormons said, "Mr. Smith informs
+us that this picture is an emblem of redemption. Do you see those four
+little figures? Well, those are the four quarters of the earth. And do
+you see that big dog looking at the four figures? That is the old Devil
+desiring to devour the four quarters of the earth. Look at this person
+keeping back the big dog. That is Jesus Christ keeping the devil from
+devouring the four quarters of the earth. Look down this way. This
+figure near the side is Jacob, and those are his two wives. Now do you
+see those steps?" "What," I replied, "do you mean those stripes across
+the dress of one of Jacob's wives?" "Yes," he said, "that is Jacob's
+ladder." "That is indeed curious," I remarked; "Jacob's ladder standing
+on the ground, and only reaching up to his wife's waist."
+
+After this edifying explanation, a very respectable looking Mormon asked
+me to walk over to his house. This person was one of the committee
+appointed by "revelation" to build the "Nauvoo house." He informed me
+that he had migrated from the Johnstown District in Upper Canada. He
+would have returned to that country before, had he not been desirous of
+remaining to see the wonderful works of the Lord in Nauvoo. He preferred
+Canada to the United States; and the British government was, in his
+opinion, greatly superior to that of the Americans, which he considered
+little better than an organized mob, especially in the Western States.
+He regarded a strong monarchy as essential to good government, and
+believed that this opinion was generally held among the "Saints." In the
+event of a war between England and America, England might rely upon it
+that the Mormons would not be her enemies. The Indians, too, whom the
+Americans had persecuted almost as badly as the Missourians had
+persecuted the Mormons, were decidedly friendly to England. He had
+lately been among their tribes, and had found everywhere English muskets
+bearing the date of 1839. The Indians were already making preparations
+for espousing the cause of England in a war with America. He foretold
+that great desolation was about to be inflicted on America by England,
+with the assistance of the oppressed negroes and Indians. The
+conversation was now interrupted by the entrance of numerous Mormons,
+who begged to be permitted to see and handle the wonderful book. They
+all looked upon it as something supernatural, and considered that I
+undervalued it greatly, by reason of my ignorance of its contents. It
+was in vain I assured them that a slight acquaintance with Greek would
+enable any person to decipher its meaning. They were unanimous in the
+opinion that none but their prophet could explain it; and congratulated
+me on the providence which had brought me and my wonderful book to
+Nauvoo. The crowd having cleared away, my host asked me to give my
+opinion of Nauvoo. I told him that it was certainly a remarkable place,
+and in a beautiful situation; but that I considered it the offspring of
+a most astonishing and unaccountable delusion. He said that he admired
+my candour, and was not surprised at my unbelief, seeing that I was a
+stranger to the people and to the evidences of their faith. He then
+proceeded to inform me respecting these evidences. He assured me, in the
+first place, that America had been mentioned by the prophet Isaiah. I
+begged for the chapter and verse. He pointed to the sentence,--"Woe to
+the land shadowing with wings." Now to what land could this refer, but
+to North and South America, which stretched across the world with two
+great wings, like those of an eagle? "Stop," I said; "does not the
+prophet describe the situation of the land? Observe that he says, 'it is
+beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.'" "Well," said my host, "that may be
+true; but is not America beyond Ethiopia?" "Have you a map?" I said.
+"Yes," he replied, "here is my little girl's school atlas." "Now tell
+me," I said, "where Isaiah wrote his book." "In Palestine," he answered.
+"Very well," I replied; "now tell me in what direction from Palestine is
+Ethiopia?" "South, by the map," was the reply. "In what direction from
+Palestine is America?" "West," he answered. "Now do you think that
+Isaiah, as a man of common sense, to say nothing of his prophetical
+character, would have described a country in the west, as lying _beyond_
+another which is due south?" He was silent for a moment, and then
+confessed that he had never thought of studying the Bible by the map;
+"but probably this map was wrong." I now requested him to let me know
+the number of troops composing the Nauvoo Legion. He informed me that
+they consisted at present of seventeen hundred men. He had taken the
+oath of allegiance to Queen Victoria, and on this account had not
+connected himself with the legion. The discipline of this band he
+considered superior to that of the American militia generally, but
+inferior to that of British troops, or even of the Canadian militia. He
+believed that the Mormons held many doctrines in common with the
+Irvingites and other sects in England. He cherished the belief in a
+separate place of departed spirits distinct from heaven and hell, and in
+a future restoration of all souls to the divine favour. He considered
+that when the restitution of all things takes place, the earth will be
+purified, and then transferred from its present sphere to a brighter and
+more glorious system.
+
+Having listened with due attention to the instructions of my host, I
+walked over to the store, where the storekeeper expressed his readiness
+to show me the mummies. Accordingly he led the way to a small house, the
+residence of the prophet's mother. On entering the dwelling, I was
+introduced to this eminent personage as a traveller from England,
+desirous of seeing the wonders of Nauvoo. She welcomed me to the holy
+city, and told me that here I might see what great things the Lord had
+done for his people. "I am old," she said, "and I shall soon stand
+before the judgment-seat of Christ; but what I say to you now, I would
+say on my death-bed. My son Joseph has had revelations from God since he
+was a boy, and he is indeed a true prophet of Jehovah. The angel of the
+Lord appeared to him fifteen years since, and shewed him the cave where
+the original golden plates of the book of Mormon were deposited. He
+shewed him also the Urim and Thummim, by which he might understand the
+meaning of the inscriptions on the plates, and he shewed him the golden
+breastplate of the high priesthood. My son received these precious
+gifts, he interpreted the holy record, and now the believers in that
+revelation are more than a hundred thousand in number. I have myself
+seen and handled the golden plates; they are about eight inches long,
+and six wide; some of them are sealed together and are not to be opened,
+and some of them are loose. They are all connected by a ring which
+passes through a hole at the end of each plate, and are covered with
+letters beautifully engraved. I have seen and felt also the Urim and
+Thummim. They resemble two large bright diamonds set in a bow like a
+pair of spectacles. My son puts these over his eyes when he reads
+unknown languages, and they enable him to interpret them in English. I
+have likewise carried in my hands the sacred breastplate. It is composed
+of pure gold, and is made to fit the breast very exactly."
+
+While the old woman was thus delivering herself, I fixed my eyes
+steadily upon her. She faltered, and seemed unwilling to meet my glance;
+but gradually recovered her self-possession. The melancholy thought
+entered my mind, that this poor old creature was not simply a dupe of
+her son's knavery; but that she had taken an active part in the
+deception. Several English and American women were in the room, and
+seemed to treat her with profound veneration.
+
+I produced my wonderful book. The old woman scrutinized its pages, and
+in an oracular manner assured me that the Lord was now bringing to light
+the hidden things of darkness according to his word; that my manuscript
+was doubtless a revelation which had long been hidden, and which was now
+to be made known to the world, by means of her son the prophet Joseph.
+She then directed me up a steep flight of stairs into a chamber, and
+slowly crept up after me. She showed me a wretched cabinet, in which
+were four naked mummies frightfully disfigured, and in fact, most
+disgusting relics of mortality. One she said was a king of Egypt whom
+she named, two were his wives, and the remaining one was the daughter of
+another king. I asked her by what means she became acquainted with the
+names and histories of these mummies. She replied, that her son had
+obtained this knowledge through the mighty power of God. She accounted
+for the disfigured condition of the mummies, by a circumstance rather
+illustrative of the back-woods. Some difficulty having been found in
+unrolling the papyrus which enveloped them, an axe was applied, by which
+the unfortunate mummies were literally chopped open. I requested her to
+furnish me with a "Book of Mormon." She accordingly permitted me to take
+one of the first edition belonging to her daughter Lavinia, for which I
+paid the young lady a dollar.
+
+From Mr. Smith's residence I proceeded to the Mormon printing office,
+where the official papers and "revelations" of the prophet are published
+in a semi-monthly magazine, denominated the "Times and Seasons." Here I
+purchased this magazine complete for the last year, the history of the
+persecution of the Mormons by the people of Missouri, and other
+documents of importance. The storekeeper met me at the printing-office,
+and introduced several dignitaries of the "Latter-day Church," and many
+other Mormons, to whom he begged me to exhibit my wonderful book. While
+they were examining it with great apparent interest, one of the
+preachers informed me that he had spent the last year in England, and
+that, with the aid of an associate, he had baptized in that country
+seven thousand saints. He had visited the British Museum, where he
+affirmed that he had seen nothing so extraordinary as my wonderful book.
+The Mormon authorities now formally requested me to sell them the book,
+for which they were willing to pay a high price. This I positively
+refused, and they next importuned me to lend it to them, so that the
+prophet might translate it. They promised to give bonds to a
+considerable amount, that it should be forthcoming whenever I requested
+it. I was still deaf to their entreaties, and having promised to shew
+the book to their prophet on the ensuing day, I left them and returned
+to Montrose.
+
+On arriving at the house of Mr. K. my hospitable entertainer, I was
+informed by him that the Mormons on the Iowa side of the river had been
+busily engaged in trying to find out who I was, and whence I came. They
+had generally come to the conclusion that I was a convert to Mormonism
+recently arrived from England.
+
+After tea Mr. K. provided me with a horse, and, in company with him, I
+took a delightful ride upon the prairie. The grass was of an emerald
+green, and enamelled with the beautiful wild flowers of spring. Far to
+the North West a line of bluffs seemed to bound the prairie at the
+distance of eight or ten miles, while in other directions it extended as
+far as the eye could reach. Numerous clumps of forest trees appeared at
+intervals, and herds of cattle were reposing on the grass or feeding on
+the rich herbage. The scene was one of novel and striking interest, and
+I felt pained at the reflection that so fine a region seemed destined to
+be given up to the followers of a mischievous delusion. Upon an eminence
+near Montrose, I was shewn the tomb of Kalawequois, a beautiful Indian
+girl of the tribe of Sacs and Foxes. She died recently at the early age
+of eighteen, having lingered six years in a consumption. She was buried
+on this spot by moonlight, with all the ancient ceremonies of her
+nation. Adjoining her grave was the tomb of Skutah, a full-blooded
+Indian "brave," and a distinguished warrior of the same tribe.
+
+Mr. K. stated, that previously to the arrival of the Mormons, his only
+neighbours were the Indians, with whom he lived on the most friendly
+terms. Nothing could exceed their honesty and good faith in all their
+intercourse with him: and although heathens, Mr. K. considered them
+superior in morality and common sense to the "latter-day saints." Keokuk
+is the present chief of the Sacs and Foxes, having succeeded to the
+jurisdiction on the demise of the venerable Black Hawk, who died of
+grief at the age of eighty, in consequence of the treatment experienced
+by his nation at the hands of the United States. The residence of Keokuk
+and the chief village of his tribe, are situated near the Des Moines
+river, and about a day's journey westward of Montrose. The tribe
+consisted, before the war, of about nine thousand persons, who are now
+reduced to three thousand. The two sons of Black Hawk still survive, and
+are noble and princely both in person and in character. The Indians have
+the greatest possible contempt for Joseph Smith, and denominate him a
+Tshe-wál-lis-ke, which signifies a rascal. Nor have other false prophets
+risen more highly in their estimation. A few years since, that notorious
+deceiver Matthias made his appearance one evening at the door of
+Keokuk's "waikeop," or cabin. He wore a long beard, which was parted on
+each side of his chin; a long gun was on his shoulder, and a red sash
+around his waist. Keokuk demanded who he was, to which question Matthias
+replied, that he was Jesus Christ the only true God, and that he was
+come to gather the Indians, who were of the seed of Israel. "Well," said
+Keokuk, who is a very dignified man, "perhaps you are Jesus Christ, and
+perhaps you are not. If you are Jesus Christ you cannot be killed. If
+you are not Jesus Christ, you are a rascal and deserve to be shot. Look
+at these two fine rifle pistols; they were made in New York; they never
+miss their aim. Now see me sound them with the ram-rod. They have a
+tremendously heavy charge. Now I point them at you. Now I am going to
+fire." At this Matthias suddenly bolted, being unwilling that his claims
+should be tested by so novel and so striking a mode of theological
+argument. He afterwards obtained admission, at Keokuk's request, to the
+waikeop of an old Indian man and woman who lived alone. They gave him
+supper, and when he had fallen asleep they made a fire, and watched him
+all night, believing him to be the devil, whom they had heard described
+by the Roman Catholic missionaries.
+
+These Indians have many remarkable customs. Before undertaking a war,
+their warriors fast forty days in a solitary cabin constructed of bark.
+During this period, they eat barely sufficient to keep themselves alive.
+They also sacrifice dogs; and having tied the dead bodies to trees about
+six feet above the ground, they proceed to paint the noses and stomachs
+of the victims with a deep red colour. They consult prophets, who are
+provided with sacred utensils, denominated medicine bags; and which
+contain the skins of "skunks," with other precious articles. When the
+warriors return from their fast, the people make a great feast on dogs
+which have been fattened for the occasion. None but men are allowed to
+attend. At the appointed hour, the warriors may be seen travelling to
+the rendezvous; each carrying, with great solemnity, his wooden bowl and
+wooden spoon. At the house appointed for the feast, the dead dogs are in
+readiness, together with a profusion of boiled Indian corn and beans.
+Mr. K. was present on one of these occasions, and took particular notice
+of the ceremonies. Some of the warriors began by cutting the dogs into
+equal portions, which they placed in a large iron kettle over a fire,
+and boiled for about half an hour. The remainder of the guests reclined
+upon mats on both sides of the house, while the fire burned briskly at
+the centre, the smoke escaping through an opening in the roof. The corn
+and beans were placed all round the room in wooden dishes upon the
+ground. The dog meat being sufficiently boiled, the pieces were taken
+out, and every person present received his share. A distinguished
+"brave" now arose, and made a speech; after which, a second stood up and
+repeated the monosyllable, "ugh." At this signal, all began to eat;
+holding the pieces of dog in their hands without knives or forks, and
+devouring with all their might. This feast on dogs is considered a sort
+of penance. Whoever swallows the whole of his portion is called a _big
+brave_; while those who are made sick by it, are denominated _squaws_.
+The men of this tribe enjoy themselves exceedingly at their villages
+during the winter, visiting one another with great sociability. All the
+hard work devolves upon the women, who cut down trees for firewood, make
+the fires, and minister like slaves to the comfort and luxury of their
+lords. These Indians, notwithstanding their neglect of the squaws, have
+many courteous and gentlemanly habits. They have no profane word in
+their vocabulary, and the most abusive words employed by them are
+_liar_, _rascal_, _hog_, and _squaw_. They, however, catch with facility
+the profane expressions of the whites, which they use with great
+readiness, and without understanding their signification. Thus, they
+will often employ an oath as a friendly salutation; and while kindly
+shaking hands with a friend, will curse him in cheerful and pleasant
+tones of voice.
+
+The following morning (Tuesday, April 19th), a Mormon arrived with his
+boat and ferried me over to Nauvoo. A Mormon doctor accompanied me. He
+had obtained, I was told, a regular diploma from a medical school as a
+physician; but since the Mormons generally prefer miraculous aid to
+medicine, it is probable that his practice is somewhat limited. He
+argued with me as we were on the passage, and evinced a tolerable share
+of intelligence and acuteness. The success of Mormonism in England was a
+subject of great rejoicing to him. I observed, that I had reason to
+believe that the conquests of Mormonism in Britain had been principally
+among the illiterate and uneducated. This, he partially admitted; but he
+maintained that God had always chosen the poor, for they were rich in
+faith. I replied, that the class of persons to whom he referred,
+abounded in wrong faith no less than in right faith; and that among the
+lower class of persons in England, the wildest delusions, of the most
+contradictory character, had, from time to time, been readily
+propagated. I further remarked, that the same class of people who
+believed in Joanna Southcote, might easily be persuaded to credit the
+divine mission of Joseph Smith. I begged him to inform me whether the
+Mormons believed in the Trinity. "Yes," he replied; "we believe that the
+Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Ghost is God; that makes
+three at least who are God, and no doubt there are a great many more."
+He went on to state, that the Mormons believe that departed saints
+become a portion of the Deity, and may be properly denominated "Gods."
+
+On landing at Nauvoo, I proceeded with the Doctor along the street which
+I mentioned before as bordering on the strand. As I advanced with my
+book in my hand, numerous Mormons came forth from their dwellings,
+begging to be allowed to see its mysterious pages; and by the time I
+reached the prophet's house, they amounted to a perfect crowd. I met
+Joseph Smith at a short distance from his dwelling, and was regularly
+introduced to him. I had the honour of an interview with him who is a
+prophet, a seer, a merchant, a "revelator," a president, an elder, an
+editor, and the general of the "Nauvoo legion." He is a coarse, plebeian
+person in aspect, and his countenance exhibits a curious mixture of the
+knave and the clown. His hands are large and fat, and on one of his
+fingers he wears a massive gold ring, upon which I saw an inscription.
+His dress was of coarse country manufacture, and his white hat was
+enveloped by a piece of black crape as a sign of mourning for his
+deceased brother, Don Carlos Smith, the late editor of the "Times and
+Seasons." His age is about thirty-five. I had not an opportunity of
+observing his eyes, as he appears deficient in that open,
+straightforward look which characterizes an honest man. He led the way
+to his house, accompanied by a host of elders, bishops, preachers, and
+common Mormons. On entering the house, chairs were provided for the
+prophet and myself, while the curious and gaping crowd remained
+standing. I handed the book to the prophet, and begged him to explain
+its contents. He asked me if I had any idea of its meaning. I replied,
+that I believed it to be a Greek Psalter; but that I should like to hear
+his opinion. "No," he said; "it ain't Greek at all; except, perhaps, a
+few words. What ain't Greek, is Egyptian; and what ain't Egyptian, is
+Greek. This book is very valuable. _It is a dictionary of Egyptian
+Hieroglyphics._" Pointing to the capital letters at the commencement of
+each verse, he said: "Them figures is Egyptian hieroglyphics; and them
+which follows, is the interpretation of the hieroglyphics, written in
+the reformed Egyptian. Them characters is like the letters that was
+engraved on the golden plates." Upon this, the Mormons around began to
+congratulate me on the information I was receiving. "There," they said;
+"we told you so--we told you that our prophet would give you
+satisfaction. None but our prophet can explain these mysteries." The
+prophet now turned to me, and said, "this book ain't of no use to you,
+you don't understand it." "Oh yes," I replied; "it is of some use; for
+if I were in want of money, I could sell it, and obtain, perhaps, enough
+to live on for a whole year." "But what will you take for it?" said the
+prophet and his elders. "My price," I replied, "is higher than you would
+be willing to give." "What price is that?" they eagerly demanded. I
+replied, "I will not tell you what price I would take; but if you were
+to offer me this moment nine hundred dollars in gold for it, you should
+not have it." They then repeated their request that I should lend it to
+them until the prophet should have time to translate it, and promised me
+the most ample security; but I declined all their proposals. I placed
+the book in several envelopes, and as I deliberately tied knot after
+knot, the countenances of many among them gradually sunk into an
+expression of great despondency. Having exhibited the book to the
+prophet, I requested him in return to shew me his papyrus; and to give
+me his own explanation, which I had hitherto received only at second
+hand. He proceeded with me to his office, accompanied by the multitude.
+He produced the glass frames which I had seen on the previous day; but
+he did not appear very forward to explain the figures. I pointed to a
+particular hieroglyphic, and requested him to expound its meaning. No
+answer being returned, I looked up, and behold! the prophet had
+disappeared. The Mormons told me that he had just stepped out, and would
+probably soon return. I waited some time, but in vain: and at length
+descended to the street in front of the store. Here I heard the noise of
+wheels, and presently I saw the prophet in his waggon, flourishing his
+whip and driving away as fast as two fine horses could draw him. As he
+disappeared from view, enveloped in a cloud of dust, I felt that I had
+turned over another page in the great book of human nature.
+
+The Mormons now surrounded me, and requested to know whether I had
+received satisfaction from the prophet's explanation. I replied that the
+prophet had given me no satisfaction, and that he had committed himself
+most effectually. They wished to know my own religious opinions. I
+informed them that I had been educated in the Church of England, to
+which I was conscientiously attached. One of the Mormons said that the
+Church of England had a form of godliness, but denied the power thereof,
+and that it was the duty of all men to turn away from her. I asked him
+what he understood by the _power_ of godliness. He replied, "the power
+of working miracles and of speaking in unknown tongues." He maintained
+that the Church of England denied that the gifts of the Holy Ghost are
+communicated at the present day to the people of God. I told him that he
+was mistaken, and referred him to the passages in the "Service for the
+Ordering of Priests," "Receive the Holy Ghost for the office and work
+of a Priest in the Church of God." And again,
+
+  "Thou the Anointing Spirit art,
+  Who dost thy _sevenfold gifts_ impart."
+
+And again,
+
+  "Thou in thy gifts art manifold,
+  By _them_ Christ's Church doth stand."
+
+Another said that the ministers of the Church of England were dumb dogs,
+that its bishops were regardless of the advancement of the gospel, that
+their belly was their God, and that money was their idol. I inquired
+whether he was particularly well acquainted with the English bishops and
+clergy. He replied, that he had never been out of America; but that he
+had received these accounts from travellers. I told him that I had been
+personally acquainted with many of the bishops and clergy of the English
+Church, and that his assertion was not agreeable to the truth. A
+renegade now came forward, who stated himself to have been a member of
+the Established Church of Ireland. He said that the Thirty-nine Articles
+were a bundle of inconsistencies from beginning to end. I begged him to
+specify some of the inconsistencies. He said that the first Article
+asserts that God is without body, parts, or passions; that the second
+Article teaches that Christ is God; and that the fourth Article states
+that Christ ascended into heaven with his body, flesh, and bones. Thus,
+he maintained, the fourth Article was inconsistent with the first. I
+replied, that the same charge of inconsistency might be applied to the
+Scriptures with equal fairness, and quoted the texts by which the
+doctrines of the first, second, and fourth Articles are distinctly
+proved. He flew off at once to another subject, and maintained that
+baptism in the Church of England is not valid, inasmuch as it is not
+administered by persons having authority. I asked him what constituted a
+sufficient authority. He replied, "a commission from Christ, proved by
+the possession of miraculous gifts." I said that the English clergy
+possessed a commission from Christ, which could be proved most
+conclusively, even in the absence of miraculous gifts at the present
+time. He wished to know how their commission could be proved without
+miracles. I told him that the bishops of the English Church, by whom the
+inferior clergy are ordained, are apostles just as truly as St. Barnabas
+and St. Timothy were. This statement took him altogether by surprise; he
+looked at me incredulously, and wished for proof. I presented him with a
+brief outline of the clear and simple argument for the Apostolic
+Succession, and showed him historically that bishops have been always
+consecrated by bishops from the age of inspiration to the present time;
+that the commission of our Saviour to the eleven, extending as it did
+through all time and all the world, _implied_ an apostolical succession
+till the day of judgment; that Scripture testifies to a succession of
+Apostles as long as Scripture can testify to it; and that afterwards the
+continuance of the succession is proved by a vast number of Christian
+writers down to the present time. He considered for a moment, and then
+said, that such a succession must have come through Rome; that Rome was
+the mother of harlots, and that the Church of England was the eldest of
+her numerous family of daughters. "The Church of England," said he,
+"reminds me of a story I heard about an old cow--" As he was becoming
+abusive I thought it best to check him, and seriously requested him to
+inform me whether it was an English cow or an Irish bull of which he was
+speaking. At this the younger Mormons began to laugh, and Paddy seemed
+rather disconcerted and was silent.
+
+An old American in a blue home-spun suit, and with a disagreeable
+expression in his face, now entered the lists against me. He told me
+that I was in great darkness and unbelief, and that I ought to repent,
+obey the gospel, and be baptized. I replied, that as for repentance, I
+repented every day; as for obedience, without boasting, I might claim to
+be equal to the "Latter-day Saints;" and as for baptism, I had been
+lawfully baptized by one having authority. He said that Church of
+England baptism possessed only the authority derived from Acts of
+Parliament, and that the English Church was merely a Parliament Church.
+I replied, that the English Church had a double sanction: first, that of
+Christ--who founded the Catholic Church, of which the English Church is
+a portion; and secondly, that of Parliament, by which, long after its
+foundation, it was acknowledged as the National Religion. "As for you
+Mormons," I said, "it is now my turn to say something about your
+religion, since you have spoken freely of mine. It is easy for you to
+argue as you do about the descent of the Indians from Israel, the
+probability of the restoration of miraculous powers to the Church, and
+the errors and inconsistencies of existing sects; but in regard to the
+real question at issue, on which your religion depends, namely, the
+inspiration of your prophet, you have given me no satisfaction
+whatever." They requested me to state what evidence I should consider
+satisfactory. I replied, "When the Jewish dispensation was to be
+introduced, God enabled Moses to work great wonders with his rod. God
+smote a mighty nation with miraculous plagues. He divided the Red Sea
+and the River Jordan. He came down on Mount Sinai amid clouds and
+lightnings and the terrific sound of the trumpet of heaven. He caused
+Moses to strike the rock and the waters gushed forth. He rained down
+manna for the space of forty years in the wilderness. Again, when the
+Christian dispensation was to be established, Christ walked upon the
+waters; He controlled the winds and the waves; He fed assembled
+thousands with a few loaves and fishes; He healed the sick; He opened
+the eyes of the blind; He brought the dead to life; and finally, He
+raised Himself from the grave.
+
+"You maintain that your prophet is sent to establish a third
+dispensation. I demand, therefore, what signs are given to prove his
+commission?"
+
+The old man replied, that the healing of the sick, the casting out of
+devils, and the speaking of unknown tongues, were very frequent in the
+"Latter-day Church." I said that signs of that kind were of a very
+doubtful description, since the imagination possessed great power over
+the nervous system. I inquired whether Smith had ever walked across the
+Mississippi, or brought a dead man to life, He replied in the negative;
+but said, that among them the blind received their sight, and the ears
+of the deaf were opened. I then observed, "You perceive that I am rather
+deaf, and you say that I have no faith. Now can you open my ears so that
+I may hear your arguments more distinctly?" Immediately the old man
+stepped forward, and before I was aware of his object, thrust his
+fore-fingers into my ears, and lifting up his eyes, uttered for about a
+minute in a loud voice some unintelligible gibberish. "There," he said
+finally, "the Holy Ghost prompted me to do that, and now you have heard
+the unknown tongue." "But my hearing is not improved," I said. "That,"
+he replied, "is because you have no faith. If ever you believe the Book
+of Mormon, you will immediately recover perfect hearing, through the
+gift of the Holy Ghost." I looked at him somewhat severely and said,
+"Take care, old man, what you say. When you employ the names of Father,
+Son, and Holy Ghost, you should speak with awe and reverence; but you
+and other Mormons here, as far as I have observed, employ the most
+sacred terms with the most disgusting levity. How miserable, how barren
+were your services on last Sunday; how cold your worship, how utterly
+unedifying and farcical your preaching. The Holy Ghost was manifestly
+absent from your assembly, which resembled a Jewish Synagogue more than
+a Christian congregation. There was no Bible, there was no Lord's
+Prayer, there were no motives presented to humiliation,
+self-examination, or any branch of devotion; nothing but senseless
+speculations on the character of God, idle assertions of special
+revelations and miraculous gifts, and disgraceful advertisements of
+stolen goods." Here they interrupted me and said, that their preachers
+did not need the Bible, being inspired by the Holy Ghost. "No," I said,
+"it is not inspiration, it is a Satanic delusion. Your prophet has
+committed himself to-day, and I will make the fact known to the world.
+Would you believe a man calling himself a prophet, who should say that
+black is white?" "No," they replied. "Would you believe him if he should
+say that English is French?" "Certainly not." "But you heard your
+prophet declare, that this book of mine is a Dictionary of Egyptian
+hieroglyphics, written in characters like those of the original Book of
+Mormon. I know it most positively to be the Psalms of David, written in
+ancient Greek. Now what shall I think of your prophet?" They appeared
+confounded for a while; but at length the Mormon doctor said, "Sometimes
+Mr. Smith speaks as a prophet, and sometimes as a mere man. If he gave a
+wrong opinion respecting the book, he spoke as a mere man." I said,
+"Whether he spoke as a prophet or as a mere man, he has committed
+himself, for he has said what is not true. If he spoke as a prophet,
+therefore, he is a false prophet. If he spoke as a mere man, he cannot
+be trusted, for he spoke positively and like an oracle respecting that
+of which he knew nothing. You have talked to me very freely respecting
+the Church to which I belong; but I hardly like to tell you what I think
+respecting your religion, lest I should hurt your feelings." "Speak
+out," said some. "Go on," said others. "If Smith be not a true prophet,"
+I said, "you must admit that he is a gross impostor." "We must," they
+replied. "Then I will freely tell you my opinion, so that you may not
+think that I intend to say at a distance what I would not say in Nauvoo
+itself. I think it likely that most of you are credulous and ignorant,
+but well-meaning persons, and that the time at least _has_ been when you
+desired to do the will of God. A knot of designing persons, of whom
+Smith is the centre, have imposed upon your credulity and ignorance, and
+you have been most thoroughly hoaxed by their artful devices. Mahomet
+himself was a gentleman, a Christian, and a scholar, when compared with
+your prophet. And oh! how mournful to look round, as I can at present,
+and to reflect, how many have been drawn away from their homes, dragged
+across earth and sea, and brought to this unwholesome spot, where, with
+the loss of substance and of health, they are too often left to perish
+in wretched poverty and bitter disappointment." One of the Mormons who
+had listened attentively to what I said, now remarked with some
+solemnity of manner, "If we are deceived, then are we of all men the
+most miserable." "Indeed I believe you are most miserable," I replied,
+"and I pity you from the very bottom of my heart. And oh! how gladly
+would I see you delivered from this awful delusion, and returning to the
+bosom of that holy Catholic Church, from which many of you have
+apostatized. There you may find plain and honest teaching, without these
+lying signs and wonders. There you may find holy and solemn services
+fitted for the edification of the people of God. There you may find a
+true baptism, a true communion, true gifts of the Holy Ghost, and true
+ministers who descend in one unbroken line from the Apostles sent forth
+by Christ Himself." Several of them now said that faith is the gift of
+God, that God had promised to give wisdom to those who should ask it;
+that they had prayed to God to guide them into all truth, and that He
+had led them to believe in the book of Mormon. I replied that God had
+appointed certain means of ascertaining the truth, and that if we
+neglect those means it will be vain to pray to Him for guidance. Thus He
+had declared his Church to be the pillar and ground of truth. But it was
+evident that they had not built upon the true ground, for they had
+attached themselves not to the apostolic Church, but a sect barely
+fifteen years old. The old man in blue now told me that they pitied me
+as much as I pitied them. "Come, my friend," he said to me, "let you and
+I go down to the Mississippi, only let me put you under the water and
+baptize you, and when you come up again, you will see all mysteries
+clearly, and will believe in our great signs and wonders." I told him in
+reply, that to submit to such a baptism would be almost the greatest
+sacrilege which a Christian could commit. "I must now leave you," I
+proceeded, "I have been among you three days; I have expressed my
+sentiments freely respecting your religion and your prophet, and I
+heartily thank you that you have listened to me with attention, and that
+although you have had me altogether in your power, you have not put me
+under the Mississippi and kept me there."
+
+I walked to the ferry with the Mormon who had brought me over in the
+morning, the Mormon doctor, and one or two others. When we arrived at
+the boat we found it safe, as it had been carefully padlocked in the
+morning. The oars, however, were missing, a circumstance which caused
+great vexation to the owner. He exclaimed "My oars are gone; somebody
+has hooked my oars." "Who has taken your oars?" I asked. "Some of the
+boys, I guess," he replied. "What! some of the young Latter-day Saints?"
+I said. "I guess it was," he answered. "But do not the young saints
+learn the ten commandments," I demanded, "and especially the eighth,
+'Thou shalt not steal?'" "I guess they know them all," the poor man
+answered, "but any how they don't practise them." Accordingly he took a
+piece of board in his hands, and having given another piece to one of
+his companions, he proceeded rather awkwardly to paddle across the wide
+and rapid stream. A third piece of board was given to the doctor, who
+sat with me in the stern, to be used as a rudder. For some time we
+advanced tolerably well; but before long the doctor began to argue with
+me vehemently. He said that no man could obtain salvation, who devoted
+so little attention to the truth of God as I had done; and that instead
+of spending only three days, I ought to have remained at least three
+weeks at Nauvoo. I told him that I had seen quite enough to convince any
+person of ordinary understanding, that Smith was an impostor. He replied
+that Smith might be as bad as he was reported to be, but that his
+prophecies would not thereby be proved false. He might be a swindler, a
+liar, a drunkard, a swearer, and still be a true prophet. David was a
+murderer and an adulterer, and yet was a true prophet. St. Peter said
+that even in his time "David had not yet ascended into heaven." David
+was in hell, for no murderer had eternal life abiding in him. So Smith
+might be as infamous as David was, and even deny his own revelations,
+and turn away from his religion, and go to hell; but this would not
+affect the revelations which God had given by him. It was in vain that I
+attempted to correct the doctor's false positions; the stream of his
+eloquence had begun to flow, and, finally, I suffered it to flow
+unchecked. He said that the truth of Mormonism did not depend on the
+character of Smith or of any other man. That our Lord had told the Jews
+that there were other sheep, not of that fold, whom He intended to
+bring, and that in accordance with this declaration, after his ascension
+into heaven, He descended again in America and preached the Gospel to
+the Indians, as the veracious history of the book of Mormon assured us.
+That for his own part, his faith had been produced solely by the power
+of God, and that if he was deceived, God Almighty had deceived him, and
+no other. "I was once an honest Atheist," he proceeded, "I felt that
+Christianity could not be true, since Christians have not yet decided
+among themselves what Christianity is. I was induced by curiosity to
+listen to the preaching of a Mormon elder. My attention was strongly
+arrested; I began to believe in God, and for many weeks and months was
+earnest in my prayers to Him for a knowledge of the truth. After the
+space of six months, I was one night lying awake in my bed meditating,
+when suddenly a conviction of the reality of the Christian religion
+flashed upon my mind like lightning. I saw the truth of the Scriptures
+and of the book of Mormon. I felt powerfully convinced that the
+prophecies of Joseph Smith were from God. At the same time I was filled
+with a supernatural extasy which resembled heaven itself. I could not
+restrain my feelings, but cried out, O my God, if it be thus to be
+baptized with the Holy Ghost, what must it be to be baptized with fire!
+From that time I have been a member of the 'Latter-day Church,' and,
+believe me, I would rather be an honest Atheist again, than embrace the
+doctrines of any of the sects. If the religion which I profess be false,
+there is no true religion upon earth."
+
+The doctor's zeal had so completely carried him away, that he quite
+forgot his duty as helmsman. The boat was now about the middle of the
+Mississippi, and after sundry tortuous windings, seemed about to return
+to Nauvoo. The poor fellows who were paddling with the boards
+complaining of the doctor's steering, I volunteered to take the helm,
+and the medical gentleman forthwith resigned his piece of board into my
+hands. The skiff now proceeded with a straight course, and we shortly
+landed in Iowa. The doctor, on parting from me, complimented me somewhat
+equivocally on my seamanship, by observing, that if I knew the way of
+salvation as well as I knew how to steer, I might have a good chance of
+getting to heaven.
+
+During the remainder of the day, I employed myself in obtaining
+testimony from persons residing in Iowa in reference to the conduct and
+character of their Mormon neighbours. I have every reason to believe
+that this testimony is correct, partly because it agrees with what I
+myself saw and heard in Nauvoo, and partly on account of the character
+and respectability of the witnesses.
+
+The reader must have already inferred from my description, that the
+false prophet himself is a coarse and gross personage, by no means
+punctilious in regard to truth. The following facts related by actual
+witnesses will not therefore appear incredible.
+
+Before the Mormons settled in the vicinity, no shop for the sale of
+spirituous liquors had been established in Montrose. After their arrival
+two of their preachers commenced a grog-shop in that place, which was
+principally supported by the "Latter-day Saints." In September 1841, the
+prophet being in Montrose, became intoxicated at this shop. While in
+this condition he told the by-standers "that he could drink them all
+drunk," and requested the shop-keeper to treat all his friends at his
+expense.
+
+On another occasion, having been discharged from arrest, through
+informality in the writ requiring his apprehension for high treason
+against the State of Missouri, Smith gave a party at Monmouth, and,
+after a regular frolic with his lawyers and friends, became thoroughly
+intoxicated. On being asked how it was that he, a prophet of the Lord,
+could get drunk, he replied, that it was necessary that he should do so,
+in order to prevent his followers from worshipping him as a God.
+
+While intoxicated at Montrose, at another time, he was heard by
+several persons saying to himself, "I am a P.R.O.F.I.T. I am a
+P.R.O.F.I.T."--spelling (or rather mis-spelling) the word deliberately,
+and repeating the letters in solemn succession.
+
+About two years since, at a political convention held in Nauvoo, the
+prophet became intoxicated, and was led home by his brother Hyrum. On
+the following Sunday, he acknowledged the fact in public. He said that
+he had been tempted, and had drunk too much; but that he had yielded to
+the temptation for the following reason:--Several of the elders had got
+drunk, and had never made confession; but he was desirous of getting
+drunk and confessing it, in order to set the elders a good example.
+
+The language of the prophet is gross in the extreme. A Mormon, for
+example, having made some remarks derogatory to "the elect lady," Mrs.
+Smith, the prophet was dreadfully exasperated. He endeavoured to find
+out the name of the offender; but, being unable to do so, he alluded to
+the subject in a sermon, preached in the open air, at Montrose, on the
+9th of May, 1841. He said, "I hope I may never find out that person; for
+if I do, my appetite shall never be satisfied till I have his blood; and
+if he ever crosses my threshold I will send him to hell."
+
+I have already stated some circumstances which may appear to reflect on
+the common honesty of some of the Mormons. Mr. K. mentioned that he had
+lived five years among heathen Indians, and had never been robbed by
+them of the most trifling article. During the three years which have
+elapsed since the settlement of the Mormons at Montrose and Nauvoo,
+_fourteen robberies_, to the amount of two thousand dollars, have been
+committed upon his property. 1st, His store was robbed of goods worth
+five hundred dollars; 2nd, his warehouse was plundered of one barrel of
+pork, two barrels of sugar, and five kegs of lard; 3rd, his smoke-house
+was despoiled of thirty-three hams and eleven shoulders; the 4th robbery
+deprived him of a barrel and a half of salt; the 5th, of another barrel
+of salt; the 6th, of a saddle, bridle, and martingale, which were taken
+from his stable; 7thly, four wheels were taken from his waggon; 8thly,
+three saddles and bridles and a martingale from his stable; 9thly, sixty
+bushels of wheat from his granary; 10thly, six boxes of glass, a hundred
+and fifty pounds of bacon, and two boxes of axes, from his warehouse;
+11th, six more barrels of salt; 12th, between three and four hundred
+bushels of Indian corn; 13th, one wheel was stolen from his chariot
+within an enclosure; and, 14th, his store was robbed of forty-two pieces
+of dark prints, five or six pieces of satinette, and other articles,
+worth about four hundred dollars.
+
+Joseph Smith, alluding to these robberies in a sermon, said that he "did
+not care how much was taken from Mr. K. and his brother." He cited the
+example of Christ and his apostles, who, he said, when hungry, scrupled
+not to steal corn while walking in the fields. He added the following
+words,--"The world owes me a good living; if I cannot get it otherwise,
+I will steal it, and catch me at it if you can."
+
+He has, however, thought fit to disavow these principles. In the "Times
+and Seasons" of Dec. 1, 1841, we have the following official document:
+
+  "State of Illinois, } SS.
+  Hancock County.     }
+
+"Before me, John C. Bennett, Mayor of the City of Nauvoo, personally
+came Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of
+Latter-day Saints (commonly called Mormons), who, being duly sworn
+according to law, deposeth and saith, that he has never, directly or
+indirectly, encouraged the purloining of property, or taught the
+doctrine of stealing, or any other evil practice; and that all such
+vile and unlawful acts will ever receive his unqualified and
+unreserved disapproval, and the most vigorous opposition of the
+Church over which he presides; and further this deponent saith not.
+
+  "JOSEPH SMITH,
+
+  "President of the Church of Latter-day
+  Saints."
+
+After this follows an account of two unlucky Mormons, who seem to be
+selected as scape-goats. Being officers of the Nauvoo legion, they are
+tried by court martial, found guilty of theft, and sentenced to be
+cashiered. Joseph Smith solemnly approves of this sentence, and the
+proceedings are published in the "Times and Seasons." About the same
+time, five Mormons are gazetted as being expelled from the church for
+larceny.
+
+The following circumstance was mentioned as a specimen of the manner in
+which these singular heretics endeavour to rid themselves of the
+imputation of thievishness universally cast upon them. In the winter of
+1841, a Mormon was committed to the penitentiary on a charge of
+horse-stealing. Upon this, the "Saints" denied that he was a Mormon. Two
+Mormon preachers, however, offered themselves as bail for the prisoner,
+and having effected his liberation, speedily decamped. When the spring
+session of the court of Lee County for 1842 had arrived, it appeared
+that the accused had followed their example, for neither he nor his
+securities were to be found.
+
+The sufferings experienced by many of the English emigrants at Nauvoo
+were described as truly appalling. Nauvoo is one of the most unhealthy
+spots on the Mississippi, between New Orleans and the Falls of St.
+Anthony. This insalubrity is produced by the low islands adjoining the
+city, which are frequently overflowed. Sufficient evidence of the
+unhealthiness of the place is furnished in the following extract from a
+"revelation given to Joseph Smith, January 19th, 1841," and published in
+the "Times and Seasons" for June 1st, 1841:
+
+"Verily thus saith the Lord unto you, my servant, Joseph Smith,--I am
+well pleased with your offerings and acknowledgements which you have
+made; for unto this end have I raised you up, that I might show forth my
+wisdom through the weak things of the earth. * * * * * Let no man go
+from this place who has come here _a_ssaying to keep my commandments. If
+they live here, let them live unto me, and if they die, let them die
+unto me; for they shall rest from all their labour here, and shall
+continue their works. Therefore, let my servant William put his trust in
+me, and cease to fear concerning his family, because of the sickness of
+the land. If ye love me, keep my commandments, and the sickness of the
+land shall redound to your glory."
+
+I was informed again and again in Montrose, that nearly half of the
+English who emigrated to Nauvoo in 1841 died soon after their arrival.
+Far from the graves of their fathers, remote from the ministers of the
+true faith, they ended their days in want and wretchedness, and were
+buried without that respectful solemnity which in England is not denied
+even to the pauper from the workhouse.
+
+In his sermon of the 9th of May, 1841, the following words of _most
+Christian consolation_ were delivered by the prophet to the poor deluded
+English.
+
+"Many of the English who have lately come here have expressed great
+disappointment on their arrival. Such persons have every reason to be
+satisfied in this beautiful and fertile country. If they choose to
+complain, they may; but I don't want to be troubled with their
+complaints. If they are not satisfied here, I have only to say this to
+them,--Don't stay whining about me, but go back to England and be d--d."
+
+One of Joseph's missionaries, having returned from a mission to England,
+preached a sermon at Nauvoo on Sunday, July 4th, 1840. Having given an
+account of his proceedings during his absence, and alluded to the
+converts whom he had persuaded to settle near Nauvoo, he proceeded to
+speak as follows:--"I have not had an opportunity to visit these English
+brethren since my return. I cannot spend my time in visiting them. If
+they are as much dissatisfied as they are said to be, I have only this
+to say to them,--You had better go back to England; but if you go, go
+like men and be d--d, and don't whine about it."
+
+The Secretary for the territory of Iowa was present on this occasion,
+and remarked to my informant, that he was astonished at hearing these
+expressions from the very man who had brought these poor people a
+distance of six thousand miles.
+
+The method in which the Mormons baptize is a perfect burlesque on the
+holy initiatory sacrament of the gospel. On one occasion, a hundred and
+sixty-five persons were baptized by immersion at Nauvoo, some for the
+remission of sins, and some for their deceased friends, which is their
+baptism for the dead. This business was done by seven elders, who
+enjoyed it as a capital frolic. One of these elders baptized a woman six
+times during the same day. Not satisfied with this, she presented
+herself a seventh time, when the elder jocosely remarked, "What! haven't
+you got wet enough already?" A very tall man offering himself, the
+elder, who is very stout, laughed aloud, and said, "I am the only one
+big enough to put tall chaps like you under water."
+
+The Christian reader will feel that he has now had enough of these awful
+profanations; and I assure him that nothing but a sense of the duty of
+exposing imposture could have induced me to commit them to paper. A mere
+selection from the sayings, writings, and doings of the leading Mormons,
+equal to the preceding in horrid wickedness, would fill volumes. Enough
+has been said, however, to prove that Mormonism is associated in the
+minds of its most zealous advocates with dispositions and actions the
+very reverse of those which are inculcated by the Gospel, and exhibited
+in the example of Jesus Christ.
+
+In the evening subsequent to my last visit to Nauvoo, I walked by the
+western banks of the noble Mississippi. Beside me flowed its smooth
+waters, undisturbed by the slightest ripple. On the eastern bank the
+rays of the setting sun were reflected from the windows of Nauvoo, and
+his parting beams illuminated the white dwellings of the prophet and his
+followers. It was a time adapted to serious reflection. I felt
+convinced, that palpable as are the absurdities of Mormonism, it is a
+system which possesses many elements of strength, and of extension. When
+the present generation of deceivers and of dupes shall have gone to
+their graves, a new class of Mormons may have arisen, educated in the
+principles of the sect, and taught by experience to disavow some
+features in their religion which are at present its shame and its
+disgrace. They may consign Joseph Smith to perdition, together with the
+sweet Psalmist of Israel; while his doctrines, somewhat refined, may be
+a rule of faith and action to admiring millions. It remains (under God)
+for Christians of the present day to determine whether Mormonism shall
+sink to the level of those fanatical sects which, like new stars, have
+blazed for a little while, and then sunk into obscurity; or whether,
+like a second Mahometanism, it shall extend itself sword in hand, until,
+throughout western America, Christianity shall be levelled with the
+dust.
+
+And how shall Christians effectually avert the calamity? I reply, by
+encouraging the feeble and infant Christian institutions already
+existing in that wonderful land which Mormonism, even now, claims as
+its own. As a Churchman, I feel almost ashamed for my Church, when I
+reflect upon the heavy discouragements which are suffered to afflict the
+amiable and patient missionary bishop of Missouri, Iowa, and Wisconsin.
+Where are the zealous missionaries who should be flocking to his
+assistance? Where are the means which should be provided for the support
+of a learned clergy in the rising cities of the west? Why is Kemper
+College, the first and only institution of the Church beyond the
+Mississippi, permitted to languish, while the Mormon temple, and the
+Mormon university, offer their delusive attractions to the rising
+generation? Why is the venerable bishop of Illinois permitted to labour
+almost alone, while the missionaries of Joseph Smith, with a zeal worthy
+of the true Church, perambulate his diocese and plant their standard in
+every village?
+
+If the Churches of England and America possessed the activity of the
+Mormons, questions like the above would soon be needless. Churchmen
+would contribute from their poverty as well as from their riches;
+churches would be erected, missionaries maintained, and colleges in
+which a learned clergy could be educated, would be liberally endowed.
+Fanaticism, no longer rampant, would hide itself in the darkest recesses
+of the forest; while pure and genuine religion would be the comfort of
+the weary emigrant, and the faithful guide of the fifty millions who,
+doubtless, before another century, will occupy the valley of the
+Mississippi.
+
+How present exigencies shall be met, is a question worthy of the careful
+consideration of all, both in England and America, who are solicitous
+for the advancement of truth and piety. The appointment of a
+self-denying missionary to reside in the immediate vicinity of Nauvoo,
+might in some degree check the rising heresy. Such a missionary should
+be thoroughly acquainted with the Mormon controversy; patient, willing
+to endure contradiction and persecution, and able to accommodate himself
+readily to all circumstances, and to all classes of people. Those who
+become disgusted with Mormonism might thus be saved from embracing
+Atheism; the poor disappointed English might be relieved, encouraged,
+and restored to the Church of their fathers; the progress of the
+delusion might be closely watched, and the artifices of its leaders duly
+exposed.
+
+It is also worthy of remark, that the success of Joseph Smith appears to
+warrant a system of emigration and settlement conducted on religious
+principles. The notorious Owen, as is well known, attempted the
+establishment of an Infidel community at New Harmony, in Indiana, and
+totally failed. Joseph Smith has availed himself of the religious
+principle natural to man, and has triumphantly succeeded. If a false
+faith has thus prevailed, true religion might accomplish wonders.
+Whatever may be said, and much may be said with truth, respecting the
+superior claims of the British colonies, it is certain that a vast
+proportion of those who emigrate from Great Britain and Ireland, proceed
+to the United States. Numbers of these have been educated in the
+principles of the Established Church; and yet, from various causes, few
+of them comparatively attach themselves to the Church in America. Many
+connect themselves with various dissenting denominations; while still
+more, it is to be feared, sink into heartless apathy and irreligion. But
+we will suppose that a large body of members of the Church determine
+upon emigrating, on a system which shall secure mutual co-operation and
+religious fellowship. Before leaving home, the outlines of their plan
+are fixed: they are accompanied by a sufficient number of well-educated
+pastors and teachers: they purchase a district of four or five thousand
+acres in a healthy portion of Iowa, for example: they obtain from the
+legislature charters for a city, a college, and a church, respectively:
+they erect their own dwellings upon a handsome and tasteful design: they
+elect a mayor and a corporation for their rising city. A substantial
+Church is built, which may afterwards form one wing of a noble Gothic
+Cathedral. Schools and teachers are provided for the children,
+professors are appointed for the college, libraries are commenced, and
+halls are erected. Allotments of land are set aside for the perpetual
+maintenance of religion and Christian education. The clergy, if
+sufficiently numerous, elect, with the approbation of the laity, some
+learned and active man as their bishop, who is afterwards duly
+consecrated by the authorities of the American Church. The Church now
+appears in its fulness and dignity; and missionaries go forth from the
+city, in sincerity and truth, to traverse the land and to convert its
+inhabitants.
+
+This is not a chimerical idea, it is a sketch of what might be realized
+with little difficulty. Discouragements would occasionally arise; but
+ultimately, with proper management, such a plan would undoubtedly
+succeed. A new point of attraction would thus be presented to European
+and American emigrants, and the power of the false prophet would be
+shaken to its foundation.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+PAGE 2. "Amid countless forms of schism."
+
+Bishop Kemper gives the following information on this subject, in a
+recent appeal to the European Churches.
+
+  "Under a canon of the Protestant Episcopal Church, passed in the
+  year 1835, I was consecrated a missionary Bishop for Indiana and
+  Missouri, to which were afterwards added Wisconsin, Iowa, and the
+  country beyond the Mississippi, extending southward to latitude 36°
+  30´, northward to the British possessions, and westward to the
+  Pacific Ocean. This region contains a million of square miles, a
+  million and a quarter of white and negro inhabitants, and numerous
+  Indian tribes amounting in population to not less than three hundred
+  thousand souls. I proceeded forthwith to my field of labour, and
+  found many members of our Catholic and Apostolic Church straying
+  from her fold through the want of pastors. Romanism, heresy, schism,
+  infidelity, paganism, and a new religion--known as Mormonism,
+  extensively pervading the land; and not more than six or seven
+  clergymen of our church scattered at wide intervals over this
+  prodigious surface. I also found that about thirty thousand
+  emigrants from Europe annually settled within my jurisdiction, a
+  large proportion of whom were members of the Reformed Churches of
+  Great Britain, Germany, Prussia, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, in
+  addition to a vast influx of settlers from the eastern parts of the
+  United States, and British America."
+
+Speaking of the Roman Catholics, the Bishop says,
+
+  "Within the bounds of my mission, where I have (1841) but
+  twenty-three fellow-labourers, they have three bishops, and one
+  hundred and six priests. They annually receive large funds from
+  Vienna, Lyons, &c., by which they are enabled to erect splendid
+  cathedrals, extensive colleges, large convents, and substantial
+  stone churches. In St. Louis alone they have a large cathedral,
+  which cost, it is said, eighty thousand dollars, to which, beside
+  the bishop, there are attached four clergymen, who preach and
+  catechise every Sunday in English, French, and German. They have
+  also four chapels, and a splendid church, as yet unfinished, one
+  hundred and twenty feet in length, and eighty in width. The present
+  position of their diocese of St. Louis is as follows:--fifty-six
+  churches, nine churches building, sixty other stations,
+  seventy-three clergymen, two ecclesiastical seminaries, two colleges
+  for young men, one academy for boys, ten female convents, ten
+  academies for young ladies, four schools, and eight charitable
+  institutions."
+
+
+PAGE 3. "A New Book."
+
+The Book of Mormon contains five hundred and eighty-eight duodecimo
+pages, consisting of fifteen different books, purporting to be written
+at different times, and by different authors, whose names they
+respectively bear. The period of time covered by these spurious records
+is about a thousand years, commencing with the time of Zedekiah, and
+terminating with the year of our Lord 420. It professes to trace the
+history of the American aborigines, from the time of their leaving
+Jerusalem in the reign of Zedekiah, under one Lehi, down to their final
+disaster near the hill Camorah, in the state of New York, in which
+contest, according to "the prophet Moroni," about 230,000 were slain in
+a single battle, and he alone escaped to tell the tale. These records,
+with which various prophecies and sermons are intermingled, are declared
+by Smith to have been written on golden plates, in "the reformed
+Egyptian character," and discovered to him by an angel in the year 1823.
+An English edition of the Book of Mormon, _revised and corrected_, has
+been published at Manchester, for the benefit of British "Saints."
+
+
+PAGE 4. "a large portion of whom are natives of Christian and
+enlightened England."
+
+I am permitted by a clergyman of the diocese of Chester to give the
+following extracts from a letter, addressed by him to me, February 4th,
+1842.
+
+  "For your very kind and satisfactory information as to that
+  arch-impostor, Joe Smith, I most cordially thank you. Mormonism is a
+  heresy of a very dangerous and disgraceful tendency; and I am sorry
+  to add, it has produced effects already in some parishes in England
+  which, in this enlightened age, one could scarcely imagine possible.
+  They first of all laid their blasphemous scheme at Preston, in
+  Lancashire, after taking out a licence at the quarter sessions. This
+  occurred about the year 1836 or 37; and they soon numbered in that
+  locality nearly 500 converts. In 1838, they extended their
+  iniquitous operations to various villages on each side of the
+  Ribble. At Ribchester, the famous Roman station of Ribcunium, they
+  seduced many; and the same results followed in other places nearer
+  Clitheroe. Since that time, itinerant preachers among the Methodists
+  and Calvinists have joined the unholy compact; and even farmers,
+  labourers, mechanics, and others,--in short, whoever among them
+  could supply the _needful_,--have been persuaded to sell their
+  property, and emigrate to Nauvoo. In 1838, every Mormon in one
+  village, and in other villages probably the same, received a
+  certificate, or passport, of which the following is a copy:
+
+    "We do hereby certify that A. B., the bearer of this, is a regular
+    member, and in good standing and fellowship, in the Church of the
+    Latter-day Saints in Waddington, and is a worthy member of the same;
+    and as a token also of our love and good will, we give unto him this
+    letter of commendation to the esteem and fellowship of the Saints,
+    in any land or country to which he may be pleased to remove.
+
+    "_March 29,
+    1838._
+
+    "H. C. KIMBALL,
+    "ORSON HYDE,
+    "Presiding Elders of said Church.
+
+    "This will be called for."
+
+Three hundred of these certificates were printed at Clitheroe, by which
+speculation about £15 were realized.
+
+The way in which a Mormon prophecy is given to produce effect on the
+converts, is artfully designing. A young man, for instance, is immersed.
+After his immersion, the elders write a letter, unknown to the proselyte
+himself. As long as he remains faithful, all is right; the letter
+remains carefully sealed, and is kept by third parties. If he leaves
+them, a meeting of all the Mormons in the neighbourhood takes place, the
+letter is brought out with solemn pomp, the seal is broken, and the
+contents are read publicly. The following will serve for an example of
+these prophetic letters:
+
+  "Liverpool, _April 13, 1838_.
+
+  "DEAR BROTHERS AND SISTERS IN PRESTON,--It seemeth good unto us, and
+  also unto the Holy Ghost, to write to you a few words, which cause
+  pain in our hearts, and will also pain you when they are fulfilled
+  before you; yet you shall have joy in the end. Brother Webster will
+  not abide in the Spirit of the Lord, but will reject the truth, and
+  become the enemy of the people of God, and expose the mysteries
+  which have been committed to him, that a righteous judgment may be
+  executed upon him, unless he speedily repent. When this sorrowful
+  prediction shall be fulfilled, this letter shall be read to the
+  church, and it shall prove a solemn warning to all to beware.
+
+  "Farewell in the Lord,
+  "ORSON HYDE,
+  "H. C. KIMBALL."
+
+In England, the preachers of Mormonism generally begin by insinuating
+among the astonished natives of rural villages, or the weak and wavering
+classes in larger towns, that our Bible has suffered by translation, and
+that it is deficient and incomplete in many particulars. They next
+declare that the Book of Mormon and the revelations bestowed on Smith
+and Rigdon are additional favours from the Deity, designed to explain
+the obscurities and supply the deficiencies of our Scriptures. It never
+enters into the minds of their dupes to inquire as to the _credentials_
+of these preachers. They are the eye-witnesses of no miracle: they see
+no dead raised to life, no dumb qualified to speak, no blind enabled to
+see.
+
+One night the Mormon elder commences by observing to his congregation
+that he does not know what to say, but that he will say whatever the
+Lord shall put into his mouth. On another night, he gravely announces
+his intention to read a portion of the old Scriptures for edification;
+invariably, however, taking care not to confine himself to any
+particular subject, but to have as extensive a field as possible, in
+order to weave in from time to time such portions of the "Book of
+Mormon" as he knows to be best adapted to effect his object. The
+American edition of this book had no index to guide its readers to any
+particular passage or doctrine; it was not generally circulated in
+England, even among the converts; and hence very few were able to know
+precisely when the preacher's words were _Mormonic_, and when they were
+not. This peculiarity was remarked upon at the time, and in an English
+edition, printed at Manchester, an index was inserted.
+
+For the continuance of the fraudulent scheme, they proceed to enact a
+mock ordination, choosing out of the whole body of converts certain
+individuals who are deemed most trustworthy. These assume their
+blasphemous calling on the pretended sanction of the Deity, immerse
+converts after dark, _confirm_ the parties next day, and administer, in
+the course of two or three days at the farthest, a mock sacrament, to
+individuals who in the bewildered state of their minds scarcely know
+their right hand from their left.
+
+It is under the very convenient cloak of night, however, that Mormonism
+in England performs most of its operations. It is then in the zenith of
+its glory, converting ignorance into the tool of delusion, chaining it
+fast by iniquitous discipline, order, and system, and trying with all
+its energy to make the worse appear the better cause. In such beguiling
+hours, the secret "Church Meeting" is held, to the exclusion of every
+individual except the initiated. High and mighty is the business
+transacted on such occasions. It consists of exhortations to stand firm,
+instructions given, explanations offered, visions and revelations
+stated, gifts received for the "Bishop of Zion," confessions made,
+threatenings held out, converts reprimanded, apostates excommunicated,
+the successes of Mormonism described, and suggestions offered for
+removing the difficulties in its way. Enquiries are made in reference to
+other particulars: for example,--"What kind of people reside in this
+neighbourhood? What places of worship do they frequent? What opinions
+have you formed as to the natural bent of their respective dispositions?
+Will they be disposed to join us, or will they exercise an influence
+against us? Are they principally in the humble walks of life, or are
+they of some knowledge and understanding?" If the answer to these and
+other questions be apparently favourable, the necessary advice is given
+to the first converts how they may prevail upon more. Suggestions are
+thrown out how to persuade; and the next step is to urge in every
+possible way the grievous sin of baptizing infants, and the absolute
+necessity of _dipping_, as the very _sine quâ non_, the only effectual
+path to everlasting salvation.
+
+It was the opinion of many of our clerical brethren in England, at
+first, that the evil would upset itself. But system, order, and
+discipline are powerful ingredients, even in a bad cause. Smith writes
+to England as follows:--"The Nauvoo Legion embraces all our military
+power." "The University of Nauvoo will enable us to teach our children
+arts, sciences, and learned professions. The regents of the university
+will supervise all matters of education, from common schools up to the
+highest branches."
+
+
+PAGE 3. "St. Louis, a city of thirty thousand inhabitants."
+
+St. Louis was founded in 1764, under the auspices of the French
+government, by M. Laclede, who named it in honour of the reigning
+monarch, Louis XV. In 1770, it passed into the possession of Spain, and
+as the seat of government for Upper Louisiana was occupied by a Spanish
+governor. In 1800, Louisiana was retroceded to France, from which
+government it was purchased by the United States during the presidency
+of Mr. Jefferson. St. Louis increased slowly until the introduction of
+steam navigation on the western rivers; but during the last seven years
+its population has increased from 8000 to 30,000. It contains fifteen
+places of worship, viz., two Episcopalian churches, two Roman Catholic,
+two Methodist meeting-houses, two Presbyterian, one Associate Reformed
+Presbyterian, one German Lutheran, one Baptist, one Unitarian, an
+African Methodist, and an African Baptist meeting-house, besides a
+Jewish synagogue. A third Roman Catholic church is in progress, and the
+number of Roman Catholics in the city is not less than 14,000. The
+buildings are of brick or stone, and generally present a handsome
+appearance.
+
+
+PAGE 5. "Father of waters," &c.
+
+When the Mississippi is at its lowest stage, the depth of water at St.
+Louis is four feet; when full, the depth is twenty-nine feet. The width
+of the river is three-quarters of a mile; the average velocity four
+miles an hour; the average descent of the stream six inches in every
+mile.
+
+
+PAGE 8. "This was the Temple."
+
+The following are some of Joseph Smith's "Revelations" on the subject of
+the temple, extracted from the "Times and Seasons" for June 1, 1841.
+
+  "Verily, verily, I say unto you, let all my saints come from afar,
+  and send ye swift messengers, yea, chosen messengers, and say unto
+  them, Come ye with all your gold, and your silver, and your precious
+  stones, and with all your antiquities; and all who have knowledge
+  of antiquities that will come, may come; and bring the box-tree, and
+  the fir-tree, and the pine-tree, together with all the precious
+  trees of the earth; and with iron, and with copper, and with brass,
+  and with zinc, and with all your precious things of the earth; and
+  build a house to my name, for the Most High to dwell therein: for
+  there is not a place found upon earth, that he may come and restore
+  again that which was lost unto you, or which he hath taken away,
+  even the fulness of the priesthood.
+
+  "* * * And again, verily, I say unto you, how shall your washings be
+  acceptable unto me, except ye perform them in a house which you have
+  built to my name? For this cause, I commanded Moses that he should
+  build a tabernacle, that they should bear it in the wilderness, and
+  to build a house in the land of promise, that those ordinances might
+  be revealed which had been hid from before the world was. * * * *
+
+  "And verily I say unto you, let this house be built unto my name,
+  that I may reveal mine ordinances therein unto my people; for I
+  design to reveal unto my church things which have been kept hid from
+  the foundation of the world; things that pertain to the dispensation
+  of the fulness of times. And I will show unto my servant Joseph, all
+  things pertaining to this house, and the priesthood thereof, and the
+  place whereon it shall be built. * * * * And it shall come to pass,
+  that if you build a house unto my name, and do not the things that I
+  say, I will not perform the oath which I make unto you; neither
+  fulfil the promises which ye expect at my hands, saith the Lord:
+  for instead of blessings, ye by your own works, bring cursings,
+  wrath, indignation, and judgment upon your own heads by your
+  follies, and by all your abominations which you practise before me,
+  saith the Lord."
+
+
+PAGE 12. "In Palestine, &c."
+
+The following is from the 'Times and Seasons' for April 1st, 1842.
+
+  "Another letter has just come to hand from Elder Hyde, dated Jaffa,
+  Oct. He was then on his way to Jerusalem, the date being much
+  earlier than the one inserted in another page. We have only room for
+  the following extract, which we publish as among the most
+  extraordinary signs of the times. 'On my passage from Beyroot to
+  this place (Jaffa) the night before last, at one o'clock, as I was
+  meditating on the deck of the vessel as she was beating down against
+  a sultry wind, a very bright glittering sword appeared in the
+  heavens, with a beautiful hilt, as plain and complete as any cut you
+  ever saw. And what is still more remarkable, an arm with a perfect
+  hand, stretched itself out and took hold of the hilt of the sword.
+  The appearance really made my hair rise, and my flesh, as it were,
+  crawl on my bones. The Arabs made a wonderful outcry at the sight.
+  Oh, Allah! Allah! was their exclamation all over the vessel. I
+  mention this, because you know there is a commandment of God for me,
+  which says, 'Unto you it shall be given to know the signs of the
+  times, and the sign of the coming of the Son of man.'
+
+  Yours, in Christ,
+  ORSON HYDE."
+
+
+PAGE 13. "Nauvoo House."
+
+The following is a further extract from the "Revelation" of January 19,
+1841, quoted above.
+
+  "Verily, I say unto you, let my servant George, and my servant
+  Lyman, and my servant John Snider, and others, build a house unto my
+  name, such an one as my servant Joseph shall show unto them, upon
+  the place which he shall show unto them also. And it shall be for a
+  house of boarding, a house that strangers may come from afar to
+  lodge therein. * * * * Let it be built unto my name, and let my name
+  be named upon it; and let my servant Joseph and his house have place
+  therein, from generation to generation. For this anointing have I
+  put upon his head, that his blessing shall also be put upon the
+  heads of his posterity after him; and as I said unto Abraham, even
+  so I say unto my servant Joseph, in thee and in thy seed shall all
+  the kindreds of the earth be blessed. Therefore, let my servant
+  Joseph and his seed after him have place in that house from
+  generation to generation, for ever and ever, saith the Lord; and let
+  the name of that house be called the Nauvoo House, and let it be a
+  delightful habitation for man, and a resting-place for the weary
+  traveller, that he may contemplate the glory of Zion, and the glory
+  of this corner-stone thereof."
+
+
+PAGE 22. "The writings of Abraham."
+
+Smith's pretended version of these documents may be found in the "Times
+and Seasons" for March 1, and March 15, 1842, with the following
+heading:
+
+  "A Translation of some ancient Records that have fallen into our
+  hands from the Catacombs of Egypt, purporting to be the writings of
+  Abraham while he was in Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written
+  by his own hand upon papyrus."
+
+
+PAGE 25. "The Nauvoo Legion."
+
+The subjoined will serve as a specimen of "General Orders," issued by
+Joseph Smith, in his military capacity:
+
+  "Head Quarters. Nauvoo Legion, City of Nauvoo.
+
+                          "_May 25_, A. D. 1841.
+
+  "The 1st Company (riflemen), 1st Battalion, 2nd Regiment, 2nd
+  Cohort, will be attached to the escort contemplated in the general
+  order of the 4th instant, for the 3rd of July next. In forming the
+  Legion, the Adjutant will observe the rank of companies as follows,
+  to wit:
+
+  "1st Cohort.--The flying artillery first, the lancers next, and the
+  riflemen next, visiting companies of dragoons next the lancers, and
+  cavalry next the dragoons.
+
+  "2nd Cohort.--The artillery first, the lancers next, the riflemen
+  next, the light-infantry next, visiting companies in their
+  appropriate places, on the right of the troops of their own grade:
+  the ranking company of the 1st Cohort will be formed on the right of
+  the said Cohort, and the ranking company of the 2nd Cohort will be
+  formed on the left of the said Cohort, the next on the right of the
+  left; and so on to the centre. The escort will be formed on the
+  right of the forces.
+
+  "JOHN C. BENNETT,     "JOSEPH SMITH."
+  "Major-General,       "Lieutenant-General."
+
+
+PAGE 33. "The Mormons prefer miraculous aid to medicine."
+
+The following is abridged from a London paper:--"On Wednesday an
+investigation was gone into before Mr. Baker the coroner, at the Royal
+Oak, Galway Street, St. Luke's, on the body of Elizabeth Morgan, aged
+fifty-five years, whose death was alleged to have been caused through
+improper treatment by unqualified persons. Maria Watkins said she had
+known deceased about twelve months, and on Tuesday week witness was sent
+for to attend her. Witness found her very ill; but no medical gentleman
+was called in, it being against the religious tenets of the sect to
+which the deceased belonged to do so. The sect to which she belonged
+styled themselves 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,'
+their place of meeting being in Castle street, Cow-cross. They treated
+their sick according to a text taken from the last chapter of the
+Epistle of St. James. Witness had known of healing under such
+circumstances, but the deceased sank and died on Saturday last. No
+surgeon was sent for. The coroner said he hardly knew how to deal with
+the case, as he had his doubts whether it was not one of manslaughter.
+The jury, after some deliberation, returned a verdict of 'Natural
+death,' with a hope that the present inquiry would act as a caution for
+the future."
+
+
+PAGE 41. "The healing of the sick, the casting out of devils," &c.
+
+In the "Times and Seasons," vol. iii. p. 709, may be found Joseph
+Smith's creed, in which are contained the following articles:--
+
+  "We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions,
+  healing, interpretation of tongues, &c." "We believe all that God
+  has revealed, all that He does now reveal, and we believe that He
+  will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the
+  kingdom of God."
+
+
+PAGE 44. "A knot of designing persons."
+
+Professor Turner of Illinois College, thus addresses Joseph Smith.
+
+  "I have charitably sought to find some ground for believing that you
+  and your comrades were only a new species of religious maniacs. I
+  have sought in vain. A man, however kindly disposed to think well of
+  you, after a thorough examination of your career, might as well
+  attempt to believe your religion, as to regard you in any other
+  light than that of a deliberate, cold-blooded, persevering deceiver.
+  I do not pretend that in the outset you even anticipated the final
+  result. On the contrary, there is abundant evidence that at first
+  your aims rose no higher than those of ordinary vagrants and
+  jugglers. You have not even the poor merit of either talent or
+  originality. Your highest aim has ever been to crawl among the
+  droves of reptile impostors who have preceded you, and though your
+  ignorance and utter incapacity have not suffered you to turn aside
+  from their loathsome track, your fortunate union with others of
+  greater ability, who have entered into your secrets, and the
+  lamentable credulity of the times, have enabled you to attain a more
+  signal and desolating success than most of your predecessors."
+
+
+PAGE 44. "Mahomet" &c.
+
+In the course of the trial of Joseph Smith and others, for high treason
+against the state of Missouri, George M. Hinkle testified as follows:
+
+  "I have heard Joseph Smith say, that he believed Mahomet was a good
+  man; that the Koran was not a true thing, but that the world belied
+  Mahomet as they belied him, and that Mahomet was a true prophet."
+
+John Corrill also testified that he had heard Joseph Smith say publicly,
+"that if people molested him he would establish his religion by the
+sword; and that he would become to this generation a second Mahomet."
+
+
+PAGE 47. "David was in hell."
+
+In a report of Smith's sermon of May 16th, 1841, in the "Times and
+Seasons" of June 1st, 1841, we find the annexed passage:--
+
+  "Even David must wait for the times of refreshing before he can come
+  forth and his sins be blotted out; for Peter speaking of him says,
+  'David hath not ascended into heaven, for his sepulchre is with us
+  to this day:' his remains were then in the tomb. Now we read that
+  many bodies of the Saints arose at Christ's resurrection, probably
+  all the Saints, but it seems that David did not. Why? because he had
+  been a murderer."
+
+
+PAGE 47. "He descended in America and preached the Gospel to the
+Indians."
+
+See Book of Mormon, 5th chapter of Nephi. "And now it came to pass that
+there were a great multitude gathered together of the people of Nephi;
+* * * and they cast their eyes up towards heaven, and behold they saw a
+man descending out of heaven; he was clothed in a white robe, and he
+came down and stood in the midst of them, and the eyes of the whole
+multitude was turned upon him, * * * and it came to pass that he
+stretched forth his hand and spake unto the people saying: 'Behold I am
+Jesus Christ of which the prophets testified that should come into the
+world, and behold I am the light and life of the world, and I have drank
+out of that bitter cup which the Father hath given me, and have
+glorified the Father, in taking upon me the sins of the world.'"
+
+
+PAGE 55. "Baptism for the dead."
+
+Joseph Smith says in an article on this subject in the "Times and
+Seasons," for April 15th, 1842.
+
+  "What has become of our fathers? will they be damned for not obeying
+  the Gospel, when they never heard it? Certainly not. But they will
+  possess the same privilege that we here enjoy through the medium of
+  the _everlasting_ priesthood, which not only administers in earth,
+  but in heaven, * * * they will come out of their prison upon the
+  same principle as those who were disobedient in the days of Noah
+  were visited by our Saviour, * * * and in order that they might
+  fulfil all the requisitions of God, their living friends were
+  baptized for their dead friends, and thus fulfilled the requirements
+  of God: 'Except a man be born again of water, and of the Spirit, he
+  can in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven;' they were baptized
+  of course, not for themselves, but for their dead. _Crysostum_ says,
+  that the _Marchionites_[A] practised baptism for the dead, 'after a
+  catechumen was dead, they hid a living man under the bed of the
+  deceased; then coming to the dead man, they asked him whether he
+  would receive baptism; and he making no answer, the other answered
+  for him, and said that he would be baptized in his stead,--and so
+  they baptized the living for the dead."
+
+It appears by the above extract, that the prophet is beginning (in his
+own way) to quote the fathers.
+
+Footnote:
+
+  [A] This is the prophet's own orthography.
+
+
+PAGE 57. "The amiable and patient missionary bishop of Missouri," &c.
+
+It is pleasing to turn from Joseph Smith, to the contemplation of the
+truly estimable person in question. Bishop Kemper is of German descent;
+his immediate ancestors having emigrated from Manheim on the Rhine. For
+many years he was assistant minister to the late bishop White, in the
+parochial charge of Christ-Church, Philadelphia. He was subsequently
+elected and consecrated by the House of Bishops, as the first missionary
+bishop. The expenses of his mission are borne by the committee for
+domestic missions in the United States. He is absolutely _without a
+home_, being almost perpetually engaged in visiting various portions of
+the enormous region committed to his ecclesiastical superintendence. A
+more difficult field of missionary duty can scarcely be imagined.
+
+
+PAGE 57. "Kemper College."
+
+This institution is the most western Protestant Episcopal college in the
+world, being nearly half-way between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
+The main building was completed externally during the year 1841, Bishop
+Kemper having solicited and obtained funds for the purpose, to the
+amount of twenty-five thousand dollars, from zealous Christians in New
+York and Philadelphia. In the same year a considerable amount of
+valuable books was presented to the college by pious individuals in
+England, as well as by several of the great Societies. The object of the
+college, is the preparation of young men for the ministry of the
+Protestant Episcopal Church, and, under the enlightened and active
+presidency of the Rev. E. C. Hutchinson, it bids fair ultimately to
+realize the sanguine expectations of the Church.
+
+
+PAGE 57. "The Mormon University."
+
+Under an act of the Illinois legislature, incorporating the city of
+Nauvoo, the following provisions are found:--
+
+  "Sec. 24. The city council may establish and organize an institution
+  of learning within the limits of the city, for the teaching of the
+  arts, sciences, and learned professions, to be called the
+  'University of the city of Nauvoo,' which institution shall be under
+  the control and management of a board of trustees, consisting of a
+  chancellor, registrar, and twenty-three regents, which board shall
+  thereafter be a body corporate and politic, with perpetual
+  succession, by the name of the chancellor and regents of the
+  university of the city of Nauvoo, * * * provided that the trustees
+  shall at all times be appointed by the city council, and shall have
+  all the powers and privileges for the advancement of the cause of
+  education, which appertain to the trustees of any other college or
+  university of this state."
+
+
+PAGE 58. "Few attach themselves to the Church in America."
+
+The indifference of the poorer class of English emigrants to the Church
+of their fathers is truly lamentable. The Roman Catholic emigrant,
+however poor or friendless, retains his attachment to his faith. The
+German Lutheran is firm in his allegiance to the principles which he
+held in the land of his nativity. The same may be said of the Scottish
+Presbyterian, and of the Irish and Scottish Episcopalian. But the
+English labourer, mechanic, or small farmer, on his arrival in the
+United States, too often forgets his churchmanship, and, through
+ignorance or carelessness, readily connects himself with any schismatic
+conventicle which may be at hand.
+
+
+THE MORMON CREED.
+
+The Mormon Creed, as published by Joseph Smith himself, is given below.
+(See "Times and Seasons," vol. iii. p. 709.)
+
+  "We believe in God the Eternal Father, and in his Son Jesus Christ,
+  and in the Holy Ghost.
+
+  "We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not
+  for Adam's transgression.
+
+  "We believe that through the atonement of Christ all mankind may be
+  saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the gospel.
+
+  "We believe that these ordinances are, 1st, Faith in the Lord Jesus
+  Christ; 2nd, Repentance; 3rd, Baptism by immersion, for the
+  remission of sins; 4th, Laying on of hands, for the gift of the Holy
+  Ghost.
+
+  "We believe that a man must be called of God by prophecy, and by
+  laying on of hands by those who are in authority, to preach the
+  Gospel, and administer in the ordinances thereof.
+
+  "We believe in the same organization that existed in the primitive
+  church, viz, Apostles, Prophets, Pastors, Teachers, Evangelists, &c.
+
+  "We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions,
+  healing, interpreting of tongues, &c.
+
+  "We believe the Bible to be the Word of God, as far as it is
+  translated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the
+  Word of God.
+
+  "We believe all that God has revealed, all that he does now reveal,
+  and we believe that he will yet reveal many great and important
+  things pertaining to the kingdom of God.
+
+  "We believe in the literal gathering of Israel, and in the
+  restoration of the Ten Tribes; that Zion will be built upon this
+  continent; that Christ will reign personally upon the earth; and
+  that the earth will be renewed, and receive its paradisaic glory.
+
+  "We claim the privilege of worshipping Almighty God according to the
+  dictates of our conscience, and allow all men the same privilege,
+  let them worship how, where, or what they may.
+
+  "We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and
+  magistrates, in obeying, honouring, and sustaining the law.
+
+  "We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous; and
+  in doing good to all men; indeed we may say that we follow the
+  admonition of Paul, 'we believe all things, we hope all things;' we
+  have endured many things, and hope to be able to endure all things.
+  If there is anything virtuous, lovely, or of good report, or
+  praiseworthy, we seek after these things."
+
+
+Joseph Smith, by his own account, was born in the town of Sharon,
+Windsor County, Vermont (U. S.), on the 23rd of December, 1805.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+  GILBERT & RIVINGTON, Printers, St. John's Square, London.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+
+  Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.
+
+  Inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained from
+    the original.
+
+  Errors in punctuation have been corrected without note.
+
+  Obvious typographical errors have been changed as follows:
+
+    Page 15: "hav'nt" changed to "hav'n't"
+    Page 30: "intercouse" changed to "intercourse"
+    Page 70: the duplicate word "for" deleted
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The City of the Mormons, by Henry Caswall
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+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The City of the Mormons, by The Rev. Henry Caswall.
+    </title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The City of the Mormons, by Henry Caswall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The City of the Mormons
+       or, Three Days at Nauvoo, in 1842
+
+Author: Henry Caswall
+
+Release Date: June 21, 2011 [EBook #36486]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CITY OF THE MORMONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David E. Brown, Bryan Ness and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
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+</pre>
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">THE</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="giant">CITY OF THE MORMONS;</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="big">OR,</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">THREE DAYS AT NAUVOO,</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="huge"><small>IN</small> 1842.</span></p>
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+<p class="center">BY THE REV.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">HENRY CASWALL, M.A.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">AUTHOR OF "AMERICA AND THE AMERICAN CHURCH,"<br/>
+AND PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN KEMPER COLLEGE,<br/>
+ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.</p>
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">LONDON:</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">PRINTED FOR J. G. F. &amp; J. RIVINGTON,</span><br/>
+<span class="big">ST. PAUL'S CHURCH YARD, AND WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL:<br/>
+&amp; SOLD BY W. GRAPEL, LIVERPOOL.</span></p>
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">1842.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="2"  summary="table">
+
+<tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td>O merciful God,</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>who &nbsp;hast &nbsp;made</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>all&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;men,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>hatest&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; nothing</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>that&nbsp; &nbsp;thou &nbsp;&nbsp;hast</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>made: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td colspan="3">mercy upon all Jews, Turks, Infidels, and HERETICS,</td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3">and&nbsp; take &nbsp;from them&nbsp; all ignorance, &nbsp;hardness of heart,</td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3">and &nbsp;contempt &nbsp;of thy&nbsp; word;&nbsp; and so&nbsp; fetch them home,</td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3">blessed &nbsp;Lord, &nbsp;TO &nbsp;THY &nbsp;FLOCK, &nbsp;that &nbsp;they&nbsp; may be</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>saved &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;among</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>the&nbsp; remnant&nbsp; of</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>true&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Israelites,</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>and&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; be&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; made</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>one&nbsp; fold&nbsp;&nbsp; under</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>one&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shepherd,</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Jesus &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Christ</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>our &nbsp;&nbsp;Lord,&nbsp;&nbsp;who</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>liveth&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>reigneth&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; with</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>thee&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Holy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Spirit,</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>one &nbsp;God, world</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>without&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; end.</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;M&nbsp;E&nbsp;N&nbsp;.</td></tr></table>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">PREFACE.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>The following narrative, the result of a few weeks' leisure on
+shipboard, is presented to the Christian public, with a deep sense, on
+the Author's part, of the iniquity of an imposture, which, under the
+name of religion, is spreading extensively in America and in Great
+Britain. Mormonism needs but to be seen in its true light to be hated;
+and if the following pages, consisting almost exclusively of the
+personal testimony of the Author, should assist in awakening public
+indignation against a cruel delusion and a preposterous heresy, he will
+consider himself amply rewarded. A History of Mormonism, from its
+commencement to the present time, may perhaps form the subject of a
+future publication.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Liverpool, June 19, 1842.</i></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center">THE<br/>
+<br/>
+<span class="huge">CITY OF THE MORMONS,</span><br/>
+<br/>
+<i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>The rise and progress of a new religion afford a subject of the highest
+interest to the philosophical observer. Under these circumstances human
+nature may be seen in a novel aspect. We behold the mind grasping at an
+ideal form of perfection, exulting in the imaginary possession of
+revelations, and rejoicing in its fancied intercourse with the Supreme
+Being. A new religion must, of necessity, be regarded by Christians as a
+mere imposture. Painful, however, as it is to contemplate our
+fellow-beings deceiving and deceived, it is instructive, on the one
+hand, to watch the demeanour of those who have succeeded in establishing
+a spiritual dominion, and, on the other hand, to notice the conduct of
+those who believe themselves surrounded by the full blaze of prophecy
+and miracle.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span>Nor is the growth of a new religion a subject merely of philosophical
+curiosity. In a historical point of view it is worthy of all the light
+which careful investigation can bestow. The cause of truth imperatively
+demands that the progress of error should be diligently noted. How
+gladly should we receive the testimony of one who had been a witness of
+the early growth of the religion of Mahomet! How highly should we esteem
+an authentic account of the process by which the corrupt Christian of
+the seventh century was gradually alienated from the faith of his
+fathers, and induced to accept as divine the "revelations" of the
+Arabian impostor!</p>
+
+<p>To give such a testimony, to describe such a process, is within the
+power of the traveller at the present day. In Western America, amid
+countless forms of schism, a new religion has arisen, as if in
+punishment for the sins of Christendom. Like Mahometanism, it possesses
+many features in common with the religion of Christ. It professes to
+admit the inspiration of the Old and New Testaments, it even
+acknowledges the Trinity, the Atonement and Divinity of the Messiah. But
+it has cast away that Church which Christ erected upon the foundation of
+Apostles and Prophets, and has substituted a false church in its stead.
+It has introduced a new book as a depository of the revelations of God,
+which in practice has almost superseded the sacred Scriptures. It
+teaches men to regard a profane and ignorant impostor as a special
+prophet of the Almighty, and to consider themselves as saints while in
+the practice of impiety. It robs them sometimes of their substance, and
+too often of their honesty; and finally<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> sends them, beneath a shade of
+deep spiritual darkness, into the presence of that God of truth whose
+holy faith they have denied.</p>
+
+<p>At the first preaching of Mormonism, sensible and religious persons,
+both in Europe and in America, rather ridiculed than seriously opposed
+it. They imagined it to be an absurd delusion, which would shortly
+overturn itself. But system and discipline, almost equal to those of
+Rome, have been brought to its aid. What was at first crude and
+undigested, has been gradually reduced to shape and proportion. At the
+present moment Mormonism numbers more than a hundred thousand adherents,
+a large portion of whom are natives of Christian and enlightened
+England.</p>
+
+<p>The immediate cause of my visit to Nauvoo was the following. Early in
+April, 1842, business took me to St. Louis, a city of thirty thousand
+inhabitants, situated on the western bank of the Mississippi, from which
+Kemper College is six miles distant. Curiosity led me to the river's
+side, where about forty steam-boats were busily engaged in receiving or
+discharging their various cargoes. The spectacle was truly exciting. The
+landing-place (or <i>levée</i>, as it is denominated) was literally swarming
+with life. Here a ponderous consignment of lead had arrived from Galena,
+four hundred miles to the north, and the crew were piling it upon the
+shore in regular and well-constructed layers. There a quantity of
+ploughs, scythes, and other agricultural implements, crowded the decks
+of a steamer which had just finished a westward voyage of fourteen
+hundred miles from Pittsburg. In another place, a vessel that had
+descended<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> the rapid current of the Missouri for many hundred miles in
+an easterly direction, was landing pork and other produce of the fertile
+West; while farther down a large steam-boat from New Orleans, crowded
+with passengers from the South, having completed her voyage of twelve
+hundred miles, was blowing off the steam from her high pressure engines
+with a noise like thunder.</p>
+
+<p>Desiring to know something respecting the passengers in the last boat, I
+proceeded on board; and as soon as the stoppage of the steam permitted
+me to be heard, I inquired of the clerk of the boat how many persons he
+had brought from New Orleans. "Plenty of live stock," was his reply,
+"plenty of live stock; we have three hundred English emigrants, all on
+their way to join Joe Smith, the prophet at Nauvoo." I walked into that
+portion of the vessel appropriated to the poorer class of travellers,
+and here I beheld my unfortunate countrymen crowded together in a most
+comfortless manner. I addressed myself to some of them, and found that
+they were from the neighbourhood of Preston in Lancashire. They were
+decent-looking people, and by no means of the lowest class. I took the
+liberty of questioning them respecting their plans, and found that they
+were indeed the dupes of the missionaries of Mormonism. I begged them to
+be on their guard, and suggested to them the importance of not
+committing themselves and their property to a person who had long been
+known in that country as a deceiver. They were, however, bent upon
+completing the journey which they had designed, and although they
+civilly listened to my statements, they professed to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> be guided in
+reference to the prophet by that perverted precept of Scripture; "Prove
+all things, hold fast that which is good."</p>
+
+<p>From this moment I determined to visit the stronghold of the new
+religion, and to obtain, if possible, an interview with the prophet
+himself. Accordingly, on Friday evening, April 15th, I embarked on board
+the fine steamer "Republic," bound, as her advertisement assured me,
+"for Galena, Dubuque, and Prairie du Chien." I had laid aside my
+clerical apparel, and had assumed a dress in which there was little
+probability of my being recognized as a "minister of the Gentiles." In
+order to test the scholarship of the prophet, I had further provided
+myself with an ancient Greek manuscript of the Psalter written upon
+parchment, and probably about six hundred years old. Shortly after six
+o'clock our paddles were in motion, and we were stemming the rapid
+current of the "Father of waters," while the booming of our
+high-pressure engine re-echoed from the buildings and the woods along
+the shore. The passengers were principally emigrants from the eastern
+states, on their way to the new settlements in Iowa and Wisconsin. Those
+in the cabin were so numerous, that our long supper-table was three
+times replenished at our evening meal; while a still greater number
+crowded the apartments of the deck passengers. During the night we
+passed the confluence of the Missouri and the Mississippi, and in the
+morning we were pushing our way through the comparatively clear waters,
+and along the woody banks of the Upper Mississippi. Occasionally we
+passed a small village, and two or three times during the day<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> we landed
+at some rising town; but generally the scene was one in which nature
+enjoyed undisturbed repose. The river was high from frequent rains in
+the upper country, and its surface was about one foot lower than the top
+of the verdant banks. Our cabin windows were frequently brushed by the
+branches and clustering foliage of the cotton-wood trees; the
+sugar-maple, and the sycamore, were putting forth their early leaves at
+a short distance in the background, and one dense mass of heavy timber
+covered the picturesque bluffs to their very summit. The day was
+pleasant, and I sat almost constantly upon the highest or "hurricane"
+deck, enjoying a fine prospect of the noble river and its shores. During
+the following night we continued our ascending course, and early on
+Sunday morning we were at the foot of the "Des Moines Rapids," with
+Illinois on the right hand, and Iowa on the left. The rapids prevent the
+passage of steam-boats during the greater part of the year, on account
+of the shallowness of the water and the strength of the current. As the
+river was now full, we experienced no difficulty, and slowly made our
+way against a stream running perhaps seven miles an hour. The
+Mississippi is here about a mile and a half in width, and forms a
+beautiful curve. On the western side were a number of new houses with
+gardens neatly fenced, and occupied, I was told, by Mormon emigrants who
+had recently arrived. Farther onward the bluffs of Iowa rose boldly from
+the water's edge, while on the Illinois or eastern side, as the steamer
+gradually came round the curve, the Mormon city opened upon my view. At
+length, Nauvoo in all its "latter-day glory" lay<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> before me. The
+landing-place being difficult of access from the rapidity of the
+current, the steamer took me to Montrose immediately opposite, and
+touching for a moment, while I stepped on shore, in the next moment was
+again ploughing the descending waters.</p>
+
+<p>Here I was in Iowa, two hundred and thirty miles from St. Louis, fifteen
+hundred miles from the mouth of the majestic river before me, and two
+thousand miles west of New York by the ordinary course of travel. It was
+nine o'clock on Sunday morning; the sun was shining brightly, as usual
+in this region, and a strong breeze had raised a moderate swell on the
+face of the stream. No ferryman was to be found, and for a few minutes
+it was a problem how I should cross to Nauvoo. The problem was soon
+solved by the appearance of a long and narrow canoe, hewed from the
+trunk of a tree, and lying close to the bank. In this doubtful-looking
+craft, thirteen Mormons on their way to the meeting in Nauvoo, proceeded
+to take their seats. At my request they accommodated me with a place,
+and shortly afterwards pushed from the shore, and put their paddles in
+motion. They worked their way with some difficulty, until they reached
+two islands near the middle of the river. Between these there was no
+swell, and little wind; but the current ran against us through a narrow
+passage with the rapidity of a mill-race. Here I thought we should be
+effectually baffled, and more than once the canoe seemed to yield to the
+stream. At length the stout sinews of the Mormons prevailed, and we were
+again in open water. After<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> labouring hard for more than half an hour we
+safely landed at Nauvoo.</p>
+
+<p>The situation of the place is rather striking. Above the curve of the
+Des Moines rapids the Mississippi makes another curve almost
+semicircular towards the east. The ground included within the semicircle
+is level, and upon this site the city has been laid out. The streets
+extend across the semicircle east and west, being limited at each
+extremity by the river. These streets are intersected at right angles by
+others, which, running northward to the river, are bounded on the south
+by a rising ground, on the summit of which the temple is in the course
+of erection. It was to this last-mentioned spot that with my companions
+I directed my steps. Having ascended the hill, I found myself close to a
+large unfinished stone building, the walls of which had advanced eight
+or ten feet above the ground. This was the Temple. The view of the
+winding Mississippi from this elevation was truly grand, and the whole
+of the lower part of the town was distinctly seen. I was informed by my
+companions that the population of Nauvoo was about ten thousand; but
+subsequent inquiry led me to place the estimate three or four thousand
+lower.</p>
+
+<p>The temple being unfinished, about half-past ten o'clock a congregation
+of perhaps two thousand persons assembled in a grove, within a short
+distance of the sanctuary. Their appearance was quite respectable, and
+fully equal to that of dissenting meetings generally in the western
+country. Many grey-headed old men were there, and many well-dressed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>
+females. I perceived numerous groups of the peasantry of old England;
+their sturdy forms, their clear complexions, and their heavy movements,
+strongly contrasting with the slight figure, the sallow visage, and the
+elastic step of the American. There, too, were the bright and innocent
+looks of little children, who, born among the privileges of England's
+Church, baptized with her consecrated waters, and taught to lisp her
+prayers and repeat her catechism, had now been led into this den of
+heresy, to listen to the ravings of a false prophet, and to imbibe the
+principles of a semi-pagan delusion.</p>
+
+<p>The officiating elders not having yet arrived, the congregation listened
+for some time to the performances of a choir of men and women, directed
+by one who appeared to be a professional singing-master. At length two
+elders came forward, and ascended a platform rudely constructed of
+planks and logs. One wore a blue coat, and his companion, a stout
+intemperate-looking man, appeared in a thick jacket of green baize. He
+in the blue coat gave out a hymn, which was sung, but with little
+spirit, by the congregation, all standing. He then made a few
+common-place remarks on the nature of prayer; after which, leaning
+forward on a railing in front of the platform, he began to pray. Having
+dwelt for a few minutes on the character and perfections of the
+Almighty, he proceeded in the following strain:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"We thank thee, O Lord, that thou hast in these latter days restored the
+gifts of prophecy, of revelation, of great signs and wonders, as in the
+days of old. We thank Thee that, as thou didst formerly raise up thy
+servant Joseph to deliver his brethren<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> in Egypt, so Thou hast now
+raised up another Joseph to save his brethren from bondage to sectarian
+delusion, and to bring them into this great and good land, a land
+flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands, and which
+Thou didst promise to be an inheritance for the seed of Jacob for
+ever-more. We pray for thy servant and prophet Joseph, that Thou
+wouldest bless him and prosper him, that although the archers have
+sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him, his bow may abide in
+strength, and the arms of his hands may be made strong by the hands of
+the mighty God of Jacob. We pray also for thy holy temple, that the
+nations of the earth may bring gold and incense, that the sons of
+strangers may build up its walls, and fly to it as a cloud, and as doves
+to their windows. We pray Thee also to hasten the ingathering of thy
+people, every man to his heritage and every man to his land. We pray
+that as thou hast set up this place as an ensign for the nations, so
+Thou wouldest continue to assemble here the outcasts, and gather
+together the dispersed from the four corners of the earth. May every
+valley be exalted, and every mountain and hill be made low, and the
+crooked places straight, and the rough places plain, and may the glory
+of the Lord be revealed and all flesh see it together! Bring thy sons
+from far, and thy daughters from the ends of the earth, and let them
+bring their silver and their gold with them."</p>
+
+<p>Thus he proceeded for perhaps half an hour, after which he sat down, and
+the elder in green baize, having thrown aside his jacket,&mdash;for the heat
+of the sun was now considerable,&mdash;commenced a discourse.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>He began by stating the importance of forming correct views of the
+character of God. People were generally content with certain
+preconceived views on this subject derived from tradition. These views
+were for the most part incorrect. The common opinion respecting God made
+him an unjust God, a partial God, a cruel God, a God worthy only of
+hatred; in fact, "the greatest devil in the universe." Thus also people
+in general had been "traditioned" to suppose that divine revelation was
+confined to the old-fashioned book called the Bible, a book principally
+written in Asia, by Jews, and suited to particular circumstances and
+particular classes. On the other hand, they supposed that this vast
+continent of America had been destitute of all revelation for five
+thousand years, until Columbus discovered it, and "the good, pious,
+precise Puritans brought over with them, some two hundred years since,
+that precious old book called the Bible." Now God had promised to judge
+all men without respect of persons. If, therefore, the American
+aborigines had never received a revelation, and were yet to be judged
+together with the Jews and the Christians, God was most horribly unjust;
+and he, for his part, would never love such a God; he could only hate
+him. He said there was a verse somewhere in the Bible, he could not tell
+where, as he was "a bad hand at quoting," but he thought it was in the
+Revelation. "If it's not there," he said, "read the whole book through,
+and you'll find it, I guess, somewhere. I hav'n't a Bible with me, I
+left mine at home, as it ain't necessary." Now this verse, he proceeded
+to observe, stated that Christ had redeemed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> men by his blood out of
+<i>every</i> kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation; and had made them
+unto God kings and priests. But in America there were the ruins of vast
+cities, and wonderful edifices, which proved that great and civilized
+nations had existed on this continent. If the Bible was true, therefore,
+God must have had priests and kings among those nations, and numbers of
+them must have been redeemed by the blood of Christ. Revelations from
+God must consequently have been granted to them. The Old and New
+Testaments were therefore only portions of the revelations of God, and
+not a complete revelation, nor were they designed to be so. "Am I to
+believe," said he, "that God would cast me or any body else into hell,
+without giving me a revelation?" God now revealed Himself in America
+just as truly as he had ever done in Asia. The present congregation
+lived in the midst of wonders and signs equal to those mentioned in the
+Bible, and they had the blessing of revelation mainly through the medium
+of that chosen servant of God, Joseph Smith. The Gentiles often came to
+Nauvoo to look at the prophet Joseph&mdash;old Joe, as they profanely termed
+him&mdash;and to see what he was doing; but many who came to laugh remained
+to pray, and soon the kings and nobles of the earth would count it a
+privilege to come to Nauvoo and behold the great work of the Lord in
+these latter days. "The work of God is prospering," he said, "in
+England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales; in Australia, and at the Cape of
+Good Hope, in the East and West Indies, in Palestine, in Africa, and
+throughout America, thousands and tens of thou<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>sands are getting
+converted by our preachers, are baptized for the remission of sins, and
+are selling off all they have that they may come to Nauvoo. The great
+and glorious work has begun, and I defy all earth and hell to stop it."</p>
+
+<p>A hymn was now sung; and afterwards a tall, thin, New-England Yankee,
+with a strong nasal twang and provincial accent, rose up, and leaning
+forward on the railing, spoke for half an hour with great volubility. He
+said that his office required him to speak of business. They were all
+aware that God had by special revelation appointed a committee of four
+persons, and had required them to build a house unto his name, such a
+one as his servant, Joseph, should show them. That the said house should
+be called the "Nauvoo House," and should be for a house of boarding:
+that the kings and nobles of the earth, and all weary travellers, might
+lodge therein, while they should contemplate the word of the Lord, and
+the corner-stone, which He had appointed for Zion. That in this house
+the Lord had said that there should be reserved a suite of rooms for his
+servant Joseph, and his seed after him from generation to generation.
+And that the Lord had also commanded that stock should be subscribed by
+the saints, and received by the committee for the purpose of building
+the house. The speaker proceeded as follows:&mdash;"Now, brethren, the Lord
+has commanded this work, and the work <i>must</i> be done. Yes; it <i>shall</i> be
+done&mdash;it <i>will</i> be done. The Gentiles, the men of the world, tell us
+that such stock must pay twenty-five per cent. per annum, and the Lord
+hath required us to take stock; surely, then, when duty and interest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> go
+together, you will not be backward to contribute. But only a small
+amount of stock has hitherto been taken, and the committee appointed by
+the Lord have had to go on borrowing, and borrowing, until they can
+borrow no longer. In the mean time, the mechanics employed on the house
+want their pay, and the committee are not able to pay them. We have a
+boat ready to be towed up the river to the pine country, to get pinewood
+for the edifice. We have a crew engaged, and all ready to start; but we
+cannot send out the expedition without money. The committee have made
+great personal sacrifices to fulfil the commandment of the Lord: I
+myself came here with seven thousand dollars, and now I have only two
+thousand, having expended five thousand upon the work of the Lord. But
+we cannot go on in this way any longer. I call on you, brethren, to obey
+God's command, and take stock, even though you may not dress so finely
+as you do now, or build such fine houses. Let not the poor man say, I am
+too poor; but let the poor man contribute out of his poverty, and the
+rich man out of his wealth, and God will give you a blessing."</p>
+
+<p>During this address, I noticed some of the English emigrants whom I had
+seen a few days previously on board the steam-boat at St. Louis. They
+were listening with fixed attention, and, doubtless, considering how
+many of their hard-earned sovereigns should be devoted to the pious work
+of building a fine hotel for the prophet and his posterity. The thought
+arose in my mind, that these earnest appeals for money were designed
+mainly for the ears of the three hundred green saints who had just
+arrived.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>This address being concluded, two other elders followed in a similar
+strain. They spoke with great fluency, and appeared equally familiar
+with worldly business and operations in finance, as with prophecies and
+the book of Mormon. At length, having, as they supposed, wrought up the
+zeal of the congregation to a sufficient pitch, they called on all
+believers in the book of Mormon, who felt disposed to take stock, to
+come forward before the congregation, and give in their names with the
+amount of their subscriptions. Upon this appeal, there was much
+whispering among the audience; and I detected two Mormons, apparently
+from Yorkshire, in the very act of nodding and winking at each other.
+However, none came forward; and one of the elders coolly remarked,&mdash;that
+as they appeared not to have made up their minds as to the amount which
+they would take, he requested all who wished to become stockholders to
+come to his house the next afternoon at five o'clock.</p>
+
+<p>The elder who had delivered the first discourse now rose, and said that
+a certain brother, whom he named, had lost a keg of white lead. "Now,"
+said he, "if any of the brethren present has taken it by mistake,
+thinking it was his own, he ought to restore it; but if any of the
+brethren present has stolen the keg, much more ought he to restore it;
+or else, may be, he will get <i>cotched</i>; and that, too, within the
+corporation limits of the city of Nauvoo."</p>
+
+<p>Another person rose and stated that he had lost a ten-dollar bill. He
+had never lost any money before in his life; he always kept it very
+safely; but now, a ten-dollar bill had escaped from him, and if any of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>
+the brethren had found it, or taken it, he hoped it would be restored.</p>
+
+<p>A hymn was now sung, and the service (if such it may be called) having
+continued from half-past ten o'clock till two, finally concluded. As the
+congregation dispersed, I walked with the Mormon who had brought me over
+in his canoe, to see the temple. The building is a hundred and twenty
+feet in length, by eighty in breadth; and is designed to be the finest
+edifice west of Philadelphia. The Mormon informed me, that in this house
+the Lord designed to reveal unto his Church things which had been kept
+secret from the foundation of the world; and that He had declared that
+He would here restore the fulness of the priesthood. He showed me the
+great baptismal font, which is completed, and stands at the centre of
+the unfinished temple. This font is, in fact, a capacious laver,
+eighteen or twenty feet square, and about four in depth. It rests upon
+the backs of twelve oxen, as large as life, and tolerably well
+sculptured; but for some reason, perhaps mystical, entirely destitute of
+<i>feet</i>, though possessed of legs. The laver and oxen are of wood, and
+painted white; but are to be hereafter gilded, or covered with plates of
+gold. At this place baptisms for the dead are to be celebrated, as well
+as baptisms for the healing of diseases; but baptisms for the remission
+of sins are to be performed in the Mississippi. My companion told me
+that he was originally a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in
+Canada; but that he had obtained greater light, and had been led to join
+the "latter-day saints." While he was a methodist he felt that he was
+perfectly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> right, and could confute all other sects, except the Roman
+Catholics. These had so much of the true and ancient Church mixed up
+with their corruptions, that he could not readily confute them. Many
+passages of the Scriptures remained at that time perfectly inexplicable
+to him, and he felt that no denomination was organized exactly on the
+primitive plan. But since he had been led to embrace Mormonism, new
+light had opened upon his soul; the Scriptures had become perfectly
+clear, and he had discovered a Church entirely conformable to the
+primitive model; having the same divinely appointed ministry; the same
+miraculous gifts of healing, and the unknown tongues; the same
+prophetical inspiration; the same close intercourse with the Almighty. I
+observed, that the truth of Mormonism depended on the determination of
+the question, whether Joseph Smith was, in fact, a prophet of God. He
+replied, that the inspiration of Joseph could be proved more readily
+than that of Isaiah, Jeremiah, or Ezekiel. That Joseph had received
+revelations ever since he was fifteen years of age; and that the
+outlines of Mormonism were made known to him at a time when he could not
+possibly have planned so vast a work, or anticipated its triumphant
+success. While conversing on these subjects, we arrived at the "Nauvoo
+House," the hotel founded by "revelation." The walls are advanced about
+as much as those of the temple, and, when completed, will form a
+capacious building. Passing the prophet Smith's house, which is one of
+the best in the city, I arrived at a small, but neat, tavern, where I
+called to get dinner. An old woman, apparently the mistress of the
+house, was seated by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> the fire, devoutly reading the book of Mormon,
+from which she scarcely lifted her eyes as I entered. Here I found a
+decent, and probably intelligent, Scotchman. Conversing with him on the
+subject of the services which I had just witnessed, I remarked how
+greatly deficient they appeared in dignity and spirituality; and
+contrasted them with the decorous and solemn worship of the Church of
+England, and of the Scottish Kirk. I particularly referred to the keg of
+white lead and the ten-dollar bill, as well as to the derogatory manner
+in which the preacher had alluded to "the old-fashioned book called the
+Bible." Although I endeavoured to speak with mildness, the Scotchman
+replied with great warmth, that the English and Scottish Churches taught
+lies, and that their members loved lies more than truth. That all their
+solemnity was produced by hypocrisy and false doctrines respecting God.
+That the Mormons despised long faces, and all religions which required
+people to wear a sanctimonious and hypocritical exterior. He added, that
+Mormonism was making rapid progress in Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>From the tavern, I proceeded to the landing-place, and engaged the
+ferryman to take me over to Montrose, on the Iowa side of the river. I
+found this person to be a Mormon; and learned from him, that the ferry
+was the property of the prophet Joseph. He further informed me, that the
+number of passengers had become so considerable, that a steam ferry-boat
+had been purchased, and would soon be in operation. I afterwards found
+that his opinion of the character of his brethren, "the saints," was by
+no means flattering to them. He told a person in Montrose, that it was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>
+"no use to hoist a flag at Nauvoo as a signal to passengers, for it was
+sure to be stolen by the people there; they had so much of the devil in
+them."</p>
+
+<p>On arriving at Montrose, I went to the house of a gentleman to whom I
+had brought letters of introduction from St. Louis. This gentleman, with
+his lady and his brother, has resided many years at Montrose; and as he
+possesses the independence to resist the encroachments of the Mormons,
+and the ability to expose their designs, he has been an object of
+constant persecution since the settlement of these people in his
+vicinity. He at once desired me to make his house my home, and offered
+me every assistance in prosecuting my researches. Under his hospitable
+roof I spent a pleasant evening. His family united with me in religious
+services (for there is no place of worship in the neighbourhood); and,
+after the awful proceedings of the morning, I felt happy to be once more
+among Christians.</p>
+
+<p>On the following morning (Monday, April 18th), I took my venerable Greek
+manuscript of the Psalter, and proceeded to the ferry to obtain a
+passage. The boatman, being engaged to take over a family emigrating to
+Nauvoo, had provided himself with a heavy flat-boat, which promised us a
+long voyage. The family soon came on board. It consisted of a
+simple-looking American, his wife, and a numerous progeny. They had with
+them two oxen, two cows and a calf, bedding, tables, chairs, and a
+wooden clock. As we were about to push off, a traveller on horseback
+came on board, whom I found to be one of the numerous "Gentiles" induced
+by curiosity to visit the "Zion" of the West. The father of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> family
+stated that he had become confounded by the conflicting doctrines of the
+sects, and imagined that in Mormonism he had finally discovered the only
+true Church. Our heavy boat was rowed up about a mile close to the Iowa
+shore. Having proceeded considerably above Nauvoo, the ferryman and his
+men began to venture out into the broad stream, in order to cross. As I
+was in haste to get over, I was permitted to take the small skiff
+alongside, and, in company with the emigrant, to pull over to Nauvoo. On
+the way, I held some conversation with my companion, and found him to be
+thoroughly wedded to his delusion. Arriving at the city, I passed along
+a straggling street of considerable length bordering on the strand.
+Perceiving a respectable-looking store (or shop), I entered it, and
+began to converse with the storekeeper. I mentioned that I had been
+informed that Mr. Smith possessed some remarkable Egyptian curiosities,
+which I wished to see. I added that, if Mr. Smith could be induced to
+show me his treasures, I would show him in return a very wonderful book
+which had lately come into my possession. The storekeeper informed me
+that Mr. Smith was absent, having gone to Carthage that morning; but
+that he would return about nine o'clock in the evening. He promised to
+obtain for me admission to the curiosities, and begged to be permitted
+to see the wonderful book. I accordingly unfolded it from the many
+wrappers in which I had enveloped it, and, in the presence of the
+storekeeper and many astonished spectators, whom the rumour of the
+arrival of a strange book had collected, I produced to view its covers
+of worm-eaten oak, its discoloured parchments,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> and its mysterious
+characters. Surprise was depicted on the countenances of all present,
+and, after a long silence, one person wiser than his fellows, declared
+that he knew it to be a revelation from the Lord, and that probably it
+was one of the lost books of the Bible providentially recovered. Looking
+at me with a patronizing air, he assured me that I had brought it to the
+right place to get it interpreted, for that none on earth but the Lord's
+prophet could explain it, or unfold its real antiquity and value. "Oh,"
+I replied, "I am going to England next week, and doubtless I shall find
+some learned man in one of the universities who can expound it." To this
+he answered with a sneer, that the Lord had chosen the weak things of
+the world to confound the mighty; that he had made foolish the wisdom of
+this world; and that I ought to thank Providence for having brought me
+to Nauvoo, where the hidden things of darkness could be revealed by
+divine power. All expressed the utmost anxiety that I should remain in
+the city until the prophet's return. The storekeeper offered immediately
+to send an express eighteen miles to Carthage, to hasten the return of
+Joseph. This I declined, and told him that my stay in Nauvoo must be
+very limited. They promised to pay all my expenses, if I would remain;
+and assured me that they would ferry me over the river as often as I
+desired it, free of charge; besides furnishing me with a carriage and
+horses to visit the beautiful prairies in the vicinity. At length I
+yielded to their importunities, and promised, that if they would bring
+me over from Montrose on the following morning, I would exhibit the book
+to the prophet. They were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> very desirous that I should remain at Nauvoo
+during the night; but as I had my fears that some of the saints might
+have a revelation, requiring them to take my book while I slept, I very
+respectfully declined their pressing invitation. They then requested to
+know where I was staying in Montrose. I mentioned the name of my
+hospitable entertainer; upon which they used the most violent language
+against him, and said that he was their bitter enemy and persecutor,
+that he was as bad as the people of Missouri, and that I ought not to
+believe a word that he said. They again pressed me most earnestly not to
+return to Montrose; but I continued firm, and expressed my intention of
+hearing both sides of the question.</p>
+
+<p>The storekeeper now proceeded to redeem his promise of obtaining for me
+access to the curiosities. He led me to a room behind his store, on the
+door of which was an inscription to the following effect: "Office of
+Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Latter Day Saints." Having
+introduced me, together with several Mormons, to this <i>sanctum
+sanctorum</i>, he locked the door behind him, and proceeded to what
+appeared to be a small chest of drawers. From this he drew forth a
+number of glazed slides, like picture frames, containing sheets of
+papyrus, with Egyptian inscriptions and hieroglyphics. These had been
+unrolled from four mummies, which the prophet had purchased at a cost of
+twenty-four hundred dollars. By some inexplicable mode, as the
+storekeeper informed me, Mr. Smith had discovered that these sheets
+contained the writings of Abraham, written with his own hand while in
+Egypt. Pointing to the figure of a man<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> lying on a table, he said, "That
+is the picture of Abraham on the point of being sacrificed. That man
+standing by him with a drawn knife is an idolatrous priest of the
+Egyptians. Abraham prayed to God, who immediately unloosed his bands,
+and delivered him." Turning to another of the drawers, and pointing to a
+hieroglyphic representation, one of the Mormons said, "Mr. Smith informs
+us that this picture is an emblem of redemption. Do you see those four
+little figures? Well, those are the four quarters of the earth. And do
+you see that big dog looking at the four figures? That is the old Devil
+desiring to devour the four quarters of the earth. Look at this person
+keeping back the big dog. That is Jesus Christ keeping the devil from
+devouring the four quarters of the earth. Look down this way. This
+figure near the side is Jacob, and those are his two wives. Now do you
+see those steps?" "What," I replied, "do you mean those stripes across
+the dress of one of Jacob's wives?" "Yes," he said, "that is Jacob's
+ladder." "That is indeed curious," I remarked; "Jacob's ladder standing
+on the ground, and only reaching up to his wife's waist."</p>
+
+<p>After this edifying explanation, a very respectable looking Mormon asked
+me to walk over to his house. This person was one of the committee
+appointed by "revelation" to build the "Nauvoo house." He informed me
+that he had migrated from the Johnstown District in Upper Canada. He
+would have returned to that country before, had he not been desirous of
+remaining to see the wonderful works of the Lord in Nauvoo. He preferred
+Canada to the United States; and the British government was, in his
+opinion,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> greatly superior to that of the Americans, which he considered
+little better than an organized mob, especially in the Western States.
+He regarded a strong monarchy as essential to good government, and
+believed that this opinion was generally held among the "Saints." In the
+event of a war between England and America, England might rely upon it
+that the Mormons would not be her enemies. The Indians, too, whom the
+Americans had persecuted almost as badly as the Missourians had
+persecuted the Mormons, were decidedly friendly to England. He had
+lately been among their tribes, and had found everywhere English muskets
+bearing the date of 1839. The Indians were already making preparations
+for espousing the cause of England in a war with America. He foretold
+that great desolation was about to be inflicted on America by England,
+with the assistance of the oppressed negroes and Indians. The
+conversation was now interrupted by the entrance of numerous Mormons,
+who begged to be permitted to see and handle the wonderful book. They
+all looked upon it as something supernatural, and considered that I
+undervalued it greatly, by reason of my ignorance of its contents. It
+was in vain I assured them that a slight acquaintance with Greek would
+enable any person to decipher its meaning. They were unanimous in the
+opinion that none but their prophet could explain it; and congratulated
+me on the providence which had brought me and my wonderful book to
+Nauvoo. The crowd having cleared away, my host asked me to give my
+opinion of Nauvoo. I told him that it was certainly a remarkable place,
+and in a beautiful situation; but that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> I considered it the offspring of
+a most astonishing and unaccountable delusion. He said that he admired
+my candour, and was not surprised at my unbelief, seeing that I was a
+stranger to the people and to the evidences of their faith. He then
+proceeded to inform me respecting these evidences. He assured me, in the
+first place, that America had been mentioned by the prophet Isaiah. I
+begged for the chapter and verse. He pointed to the sentence,&mdash;"Woe to
+the land shadowing with wings." Now to what land could this refer, but
+to North and South America, which stretched across the world with two
+great wings, like those of an eagle? "Stop," I said; "does not the
+prophet describe the situation of the land? Observe that he says, 'it is
+beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.'" "Well," said my host, "that may be
+true; but is not America beyond Ethiopia?" "Have you a map?" I said.
+"Yes," he replied, "here is my little girl's school atlas." "Now tell
+me," I said, "where Isaiah wrote his book." "In Palestine," he answered.
+"Very well," I replied; "now tell me in what direction from Palestine is
+Ethiopia?" "South, by the map," was the reply. "In what direction from
+Palestine is America?" "West," he answered. "Now do you think that
+Isaiah, as a man of common sense, to say nothing of his prophetical
+character, would have described a country in the west, as lying <i>beyond</i>
+another which is due south?" He was silent for a moment, and then
+confessed that he had never thought of studying the Bible by the map;
+"but probably this map was wrong." I now requested him to let me know
+the number of troops composing the Nauvoo<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> Legion. He informed me that
+they consisted at present of seventeen hundred men. He had taken the
+oath of allegiance to Queen Victoria, and on this account had not
+connected himself with the legion. The discipline of this band he
+considered superior to that of the American militia generally, but
+inferior to that of British troops, or even of the Canadian militia. He
+believed that the Mormons held many doctrines in common with the
+Irvingites and other sects in England. He cherished the belief in a
+separate place of departed spirits distinct from heaven and hell, and in
+a future restoration of all souls to the divine favour. He considered
+that when the restitution of all things takes place, the earth will be
+purified, and then transferred from its present sphere to a brighter and
+more glorious system.</p>
+
+<p>Having listened with due attention to the instructions of my host, I
+walked over to the store, where the storekeeper expressed his readiness
+to show me the mummies. Accordingly he led the way to a small house, the
+residence of the prophet's mother. On entering the dwelling, I was
+introduced to this eminent personage as a traveller from England,
+desirous of seeing the wonders of Nauvoo. She welcomed me to the holy
+city, and told me that here I might see what great things the Lord had
+done for his people. "I am old," she said, "and I shall soon stand
+before the judgment-seat of Christ; but what I say to you now, I would
+say on my death-bed. My son Joseph has had revelations from God since he
+was a boy, and he is indeed a true prophet of Jehovah. The angel of the
+Lord appeared to him fifteen years since, and shewed him the cave where
+the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> original golden plates of the book of Mormon were deposited. He
+shewed him also the Urim and Thummim, by which he might understand the
+meaning of the inscriptions on the plates, and he shewed him the golden
+breastplate of the high priesthood. My son received these precious
+gifts, he interpreted the holy record, and now the believers in that
+revelation are more than a hundred thousand in number. I have myself
+seen and handled the golden plates; they are about eight inches long,
+and six wide; some of them are sealed together and are not to be opened,
+and some of them are loose. They are all connected by a ring which
+passes through a hole at the end of each plate, and are covered with
+letters beautifully engraved. I have seen and felt also the Urim and
+Thummim. They resemble two large bright diamonds set in a bow like a
+pair of spectacles. My son puts these over his eyes when he reads
+unknown languages, and they enable him to interpret them in English. I
+have likewise carried in my hands the sacred breastplate. It is composed
+of pure gold, and is made to fit the breast very exactly."</p>
+
+<p>While the old woman was thus delivering herself, I fixed my eyes
+steadily upon her. She faltered, and seemed unwilling to meet my glance;
+but gradually recovered her self-possession. The melancholy thought
+entered my mind, that this poor old creature was not simply a dupe of
+her son's knavery; but that she had taken an active part in the
+deception. Several English and American women were in the room, and
+seemed to treat her with profound veneration.</p>
+
+<p>I produced my wonderful book. The old woman<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> scrutinized its pages, and
+in an oracular manner assured me that the Lord was now bringing to light
+the hidden things of darkness according to his word; that my manuscript
+was doubtless a revelation which had long been hidden, and which was now
+to be made known to the world, by means of her son the prophet Joseph.
+She then directed me up a steep flight of stairs into a chamber, and
+slowly crept up after me. She showed me a wretched cabinet, in which
+were four naked mummies frightfully disfigured, and in fact, most
+disgusting relics of mortality. One she said was a king of Egypt whom
+she named, two were his wives, and the remaining one was the daughter of
+another king. I asked her by what means she became acquainted with the
+names and histories of these mummies. She replied, that her son had
+obtained this knowledge through the mighty power of God. She accounted
+for the disfigured condition of the mummies, by a circumstance rather
+illustrative of the back-woods. Some difficulty having been found in
+unrolling the papyrus which enveloped them, an axe was applied, by which
+the unfortunate mummies were literally chopped open. I requested her to
+furnish me with a "Book of Mormon." She accordingly permitted me to take
+one of the first edition belonging to her daughter Lavinia, for which I
+paid the young lady a dollar.</p>
+
+<p>From Mr. Smith's residence I proceeded to the Mormon printing office,
+where the official papers and "revelations" of the prophet are published
+in a semi-monthly magazine, denominated the "Times and Seasons." Here I
+purchased this magazine complete for the last year, the history of the
+persecution<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> of the Mormons by the people of Missouri, and other
+documents of importance. The storekeeper met me at the printing-office,
+and introduced several dignitaries of the "Latter-day Church," and many
+other Mormons, to whom he begged me to exhibit my wonderful book. While
+they were examining it with great apparent interest, one of the
+preachers informed me that he had spent the last year in England, and
+that, with the aid of an associate, he had baptized in that country
+seven thousand saints. He had visited the British Museum, where he
+affirmed that he had seen nothing so extraordinary as my wonderful book.
+The Mormon authorities now formally requested me to sell them the book,
+for which they were willing to pay a high price. This I positively
+refused, and they next importuned me to lend it to them, so that the
+prophet might translate it. They promised to give bonds to a
+considerable amount, that it should be forthcoming whenever I requested
+it. I was still deaf to their entreaties, and having promised to shew
+the book to their prophet on the ensuing day, I left them and returned
+to Montrose.</p>
+
+<p>On arriving at the house of Mr. K. my hospitable entertainer, I was
+informed by him that the Mormons on the Iowa side of the river had been
+busily engaged in trying to find out who I was, and whence I came. They
+had generally come to the conclusion that I was a convert to Mormonism
+recently arrived from England.</p>
+
+<p>After tea Mr. K. provided me with a horse, and, in company with him, I
+took a delightful ride upon the prairie. The grass was of an emerald
+green, and enamelled with the beautiful wild flowers of spring.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> Far to
+the North West a line of bluffs seemed to bound the prairie at the
+distance of eight or ten miles, while in other directions it extended as
+far as the eye could reach. Numerous clumps of forest trees appeared at
+intervals, and herds of cattle were reposing on the grass or feeding on
+the rich herbage. The scene was one of novel and striking interest, and
+I felt pained at the reflection that so fine a region seemed destined to
+be given up to the followers of a mischievous delusion. Upon an eminence
+near Montrose, I was shewn the tomb of Kalawequois, a beautiful Indian
+girl of the tribe of Sacs and Foxes. She died recently at the early age
+of eighteen, having lingered six years in a consumption. She was buried
+on this spot by moonlight, with all the ancient ceremonies of her
+nation. Adjoining her grave was the tomb of Skutah, a full-blooded
+Indian "brave," and a distinguished warrior of the same tribe.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. K. stated, that previously to the arrival of the Mormons, his only
+neighbours were the Indians, with whom he lived on the most friendly
+terms. Nothing could exceed their honesty and good faith in all their
+intercourse with him: and although heathens, Mr. K. considered them
+superior in morality and common sense to the "latter-day saints." Keokuk
+is the present chief of the Sacs and Foxes, having succeeded to the
+jurisdiction on the demise of the venerable Black Hawk, who died of
+grief at the age of eighty, in consequence of the treatment experienced
+by his nation at the hands of the United States. The residence of Keokuk
+and the chief village of his tribe, are situated near the Des Moines<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span>
+river, and about a day's journey westward of Montrose. The tribe
+consisted, before the war, of about nine thousand persons, who are now
+reduced to three thousand. The two sons of Black Hawk still survive, and
+are noble and princely both in person and in character. The Indians have
+the greatest possible contempt for Joseph Smith, and denominate him a
+Tshe-wál-lis-ke, which signifies a rascal. Nor have other false prophets
+risen more highly in their estimation. A few years since, that notorious
+deceiver Matthias made his appearance one evening at the door of
+Keokuk's "waikeop," or cabin. He wore a long beard, which was parted on
+each side of his chin; a long gun was on his shoulder, and a red sash
+around his waist. Keokuk demanded who he was, to which question Matthias
+replied, that he was Jesus Christ the only true God, and that he was
+come to gather the Indians, who were of the seed of Israel. "Well," said
+Keokuk, who is a very dignified man, "perhaps you are Jesus Christ, and
+perhaps you are not. If you are Jesus Christ you cannot be killed. If
+you are not Jesus Christ, you are a rascal and deserve to be shot. Look
+at these two fine rifle pistols; they were made in New York; they never
+miss their aim. Now see me sound them with the ram-rod. They have a
+tremendously heavy charge. Now I point them at you. Now I am going to
+fire." At this Matthias suddenly bolted, being unwilling that his claims
+should be tested by so novel and so striking a mode of theological
+argument. He afterwards obtained admission, at Keokuk's request, to the
+waikeop of an old Indian man and woman who lived alone. They gave<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> him
+supper, and when he had fallen asleep they made a fire, and watched him
+all night, believing him to be the devil, whom they had heard described
+by the Roman Catholic missionaries.</p>
+
+<p>These Indians have many remarkable customs. Before undertaking a war,
+their warriors fast forty days in a solitary cabin constructed of bark.
+During this period, they eat barely sufficient to keep themselves alive.
+They also sacrifice dogs; and having tied the dead bodies to trees about
+six feet above the ground, they proceed to paint the noses and stomachs
+of the victims with a deep red colour. They consult prophets, who are
+provided with sacred utensils, denominated medicine bags; and which
+contain the skins of "skunks," with other precious articles. When the
+warriors return from their fast, the people make a great feast on dogs
+which have been fattened for the occasion. None but men are allowed to
+attend. At the appointed hour, the warriors may be seen travelling to
+the rendezvous; each carrying, with great solemnity, his wooden bowl and
+wooden spoon. At the house appointed for the feast, the dead dogs are in
+readiness, together with a profusion of boiled Indian corn and beans.
+Mr. K. was present on one of these occasions, and took particular notice
+of the ceremonies. Some of the warriors began by cutting the dogs into
+equal portions, which they placed in a large iron kettle over a fire,
+and boiled for about half an hour. The remainder of the guests reclined
+upon mats on both sides of the house, while the fire burned briskly at
+the centre, the smoke escaping through an opening in the roof. The corn
+and beans were placed all round the room in wooden dishes upon the
+ground.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> The dog meat being sufficiently boiled, the pieces were taken
+out, and every person present received his share. A distinguished
+"brave" now arose, and made a speech; after which, a second stood up and
+repeated the monosyllable, "ugh." At this signal, all began to eat;
+holding the pieces of dog in their hands without knives or forks, and
+devouring with all their might. This feast on dogs is considered a sort
+of penance. Whoever swallows the whole of his portion is called a <i>big
+brave</i>; while those who are made sick by it, are denominated <i>squaws</i>.
+The men of this tribe enjoy themselves exceedingly at their villages
+during the winter, visiting one another with great sociability. All the
+hard work devolves upon the women, who cut down trees for firewood, make
+the fires, and minister like slaves to the comfort and luxury of their
+lords. These Indians, notwithstanding their neglect of the squaws, have
+many courteous and gentlemanly habits. They have no profane word in
+their vocabulary, and the most abusive words employed by them are
+<i>liar</i>, <i>rascal</i>, <i>hog</i>, and <i>squaw</i>. They, however, catch with facility
+the profane expressions of the whites, which they use with great
+readiness, and without understanding their signification. Thus, they
+will often employ an oath as a friendly salutation; and while kindly
+shaking hands with a friend, will curse him in cheerful and pleasant
+tones of voice.</p>
+
+<p>The following morning (Tuesday, April 19th), a Mormon arrived with his
+boat and ferried me over to Nauvoo. A Mormon doctor accompanied me. He
+had obtained, I was told, a regular diploma from a medical school as a
+physician; but since the Mormons generally prefer miraculous aid to
+medicine, it is probable<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> that his practice is somewhat limited. He
+argued with me as we were on the passage, and evinced a tolerable share
+of intelligence and acuteness. The success of Mormonism in England was a
+subject of great rejoicing to him. I observed, that I had reason to
+believe that the conquests of Mormonism in Britain had been principally
+among the illiterate and uneducated. This, he partially admitted; but he
+maintained that God had always chosen the poor, for they were rich in
+faith. I replied, that the class of persons to whom he referred,
+abounded in wrong faith no less than in right faith; and that among the
+lower class of persons in England, the wildest delusions, of the most
+contradictory character, had, from time to time, been readily
+propagated. I further remarked, that the same class of people who
+believed in Joanna Southcote, might easily be persuaded to credit the
+divine mission of Joseph Smith. I begged him to inform me whether the
+Mormons believed in the Trinity. "Yes," he replied; "we believe that the
+Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Ghost is God; that makes
+three at least who are God, and no doubt there are a great many more."
+He went on to state, that the Mormons believe that departed saints
+become a portion of the Deity, and may be properly denominated "Gods."</p>
+
+<p>On landing at Nauvoo, I proceeded with the Doctor along the street which
+I mentioned before as bordering on the strand. As I advanced with my
+book in my hand, numerous Mormons came forth from their dwellings,
+begging to be allowed to see its mysterious pages; and by the time I
+reached the prophet's house, they amounted to a perfect crowd.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> I met
+Joseph Smith at a short distance from his dwelling, and was regularly
+introduced to him. I had the honour of an interview with him who is a
+prophet, a seer, a merchant, a "revelator," a president, an elder, an
+editor, and the general of the "Nauvoo legion." He is a coarse, plebeian
+person in aspect, and his countenance exhibits a curious mixture of the
+knave and the clown. His hands are large and fat, and on one of his
+fingers he wears a massive gold ring, upon which I saw an inscription.
+His dress was of coarse country manufacture, and his white hat was
+enveloped by a piece of black crape as a sign of mourning for his
+deceased brother, Don Carlos Smith, the late editor of the "Times and
+Seasons." His age is about thirty-five. I had not an opportunity of
+observing his eyes, as he appears deficient in that open,
+straightforward look which characterizes an honest man. He led the way
+to his house, accompanied by a host of elders, bishops, preachers, and
+common Mormons. On entering the house, chairs were provided for the
+prophet and myself, while the curious and gaping crowd remained
+standing. I handed the book to the prophet, and begged him to explain
+its contents. He asked me if I had any idea of its meaning. I replied,
+that I believed it to be a Greek Psalter; but that I should like to hear
+his opinion. "No," he said; "it ain't Greek at all; except, perhaps, a
+few words. What ain't Greek, is Egyptian; and what ain't Egyptian, is
+Greek. This book is very valuable. <i>It is a dictionary of Egyptian
+Hieroglyphics.</i>" Pointing to the capital letters at the commencement of
+each verse, he said: "Them figures is Egyptian hieroglyphics; and them
+which follows, is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> the interpretation of the hieroglyphics, written in
+the reformed Egyptian. Them characters is like the letters that was
+engraved on the golden plates." Upon this, the Mormons around began to
+congratulate me on the information I was receiving. "There," they said;
+"we told you so&mdash;we told you that our prophet would give you
+satisfaction. None but our prophet can explain these mysteries." The
+prophet now turned to me, and said, "this book ain't of no use to you,
+you don't understand it." "Oh yes," I replied; "it is of some use; for
+if I were in want of money, I could sell it, and obtain, perhaps, enough
+to live on for a whole year." "But what will you take for it?" said the
+prophet and his elders. "My price," I replied, "is higher than you would
+be willing to give." "What price is that?" they eagerly demanded. I
+replied, "I will not tell you what price I would take; but if you were
+to offer me this moment nine hundred dollars in gold for it, you should
+not have it." They then repeated their request that I should lend it to
+them until the prophet should have time to translate it, and promised me
+the most ample security; but I declined all their proposals. I placed
+the book in several envelopes, and as I deliberately tied knot after
+knot, the countenances of many among them gradually sunk into an
+expression of great despondency. Having exhibited the book to the
+prophet, I requested him in return to shew me his papyrus; and to give
+me his own explanation, which I had hitherto received only at second
+hand. He proceeded with me to his office, accompanied by the multitude.
+He produced the glass frames which I had seen on the previous day; but
+he did not appear<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> very forward to explain the figures. I pointed to a
+particular hieroglyphic, and requested him to expound its meaning. No
+answer being returned, I looked up, and behold! the prophet had
+disappeared. The Mormons told me that he had just stepped out, and would
+probably soon return. I waited some time, but in vain: and at length
+descended to the street in front of the store. Here I heard the noise of
+wheels, and presently I saw the prophet in his waggon, flourishing his
+whip and driving away as fast as two fine horses could draw him. As he
+disappeared from view, enveloped in a cloud of dust, I felt that I had
+turned over another page in the great book of human nature.</p>
+
+<p>The Mormons now surrounded me, and requested to know whether I had
+received satisfaction from the prophet's explanation. I replied that the
+prophet had given me no satisfaction, and that he had committed himself
+most effectually. They wished to know my own religious opinions. I
+informed them that I had been educated in the Church of England, to
+which I was conscientiously attached. One of the Mormons said that the
+Church of England had a form of godliness, but denied the power thereof,
+and that it was the duty of all men to turn away from her. I asked him
+what he understood by the <i>power</i> of godliness. He replied, "the power
+of working miracles and of speaking in unknown tongues." He maintained
+that the Church of England denied that the gifts of the Holy Ghost are
+communicated at the present day to the people of God. I told him that he
+was mistaken, and referred him to the passages in the "Service for the
+Ordering of Priests,"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> "Receive the Holy Ghost for the office and work
+of a Priest in the Church of God." And again,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">"Thou the Anointing Spirit art,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Who dost thy <i>sevenfold gifts</i> impart."</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>And again,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">"Thou in thy gifts art manifold,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">By <i>them</i> Christ's Church doth stand."</span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Another said that the ministers of the Church of England were dumb dogs,
+that its bishops were regardless of the advancement of the gospel, that
+their belly was their God, and that money was their idol. I inquired
+whether he was particularly well acquainted with the English bishops and
+clergy. He replied, that he had never been out of America; but that he
+had received these accounts from travellers. I told him that I had been
+personally acquainted with many of the bishops and clergy of the English
+Church, and that his assertion was not agreeable to the truth. A
+renegade now came forward, who stated himself to have been a member of
+the Established Church of Ireland. He said that the Thirty-nine Articles
+were a bundle of inconsistencies from beginning to end. I begged him to
+specify some of the inconsistencies. He said that the first Article
+asserts that God is without body, parts, or passions; that the second
+Article teaches that Christ is God; and that the fourth Article states
+that Christ ascended into heaven with his body, flesh, and bones. Thus,
+he maintained, the fourth Article was inconsistent with the first. I
+replied, that the same charge of inconsistency might be applied to the
+Scriptures with equal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> fairness, and quoted the texts by which the
+doctrines of the first, second, and fourth Articles are distinctly
+proved. He flew off at once to another subject, and maintained that
+baptism in the Church of England is not valid, inasmuch as it is not
+administered by persons having authority. I asked him what constituted a
+sufficient authority. He replied, "a commission from Christ, proved by
+the possession of miraculous gifts." I said that the English clergy
+possessed a commission from Christ, which could be proved most
+conclusively, even in the absence of miraculous gifts at the present
+time. He wished to know how their commission could be proved without
+miracles. I told him that the bishops of the English Church, by whom the
+inferior clergy are ordained, are apostles just as truly as St. Barnabas
+and St. Timothy were. This statement took him altogether by surprise; he
+looked at me incredulously, and wished for proof. I presented him with a
+brief outline of the clear and simple argument for the Apostolic
+Succession, and showed him historically that bishops have been always
+consecrated by bishops from the age of inspiration to the present time;
+that the commission of our Saviour to the eleven, extending as it did
+through all time and all the world, <i>implied</i> an apostolical succession
+till the day of judgment; that Scripture testifies to a succession of
+Apostles as long as Scripture can testify to it; and that afterwards the
+continuance of the succession is proved by a vast number of Christian
+writers down to the present time. He considered for a moment, and then
+said, that such a succession must have come through Rome; that Rome was
+the mother of harlots, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> that the Church of England was the eldest of
+her numerous family of daughters. "The Church of England," said he,
+"reminds me of a story I heard about an old cow&mdash;" As he was becoming
+abusive I thought it best to check him, and seriously requested him to
+inform me whether it was an English cow or an Irish bull of which he was
+speaking. At this the younger Mormons began to laugh, and Paddy seemed
+rather disconcerted and was silent.</p>
+
+<p>An old American in a blue home-spun suit, and with a disagreeable
+expression in his face, now entered the lists against me. He told me
+that I was in great darkness and unbelief, and that I ought to repent,
+obey the gospel, and be baptized. I replied, that as for repentance, I
+repented every day; as for obedience, without boasting, I might claim to
+be equal to the "Latter-day Saints;" and as for baptism, I had been
+lawfully baptized by one having authority. He said that Church of
+England baptism possessed only the authority derived from Acts of
+Parliament, and that the English Church was merely a Parliament Church.
+I replied, that the English Church had a double sanction: first, that of
+Christ&mdash;who founded the Catholic Church, of which the English Church is
+a portion; and secondly, that of Parliament, by which, long after its
+foundation, it was acknowledged as the National Religion. "As for you
+Mormons," I said, "it is now my turn to say something about your
+religion, since you have spoken freely of mine. It is easy for you to
+argue as you do about the descent of the Indians from Israel, the
+probability of the restoration of miraculous powers to the Church, and
+the errors and inconsistencies<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> of existing sects; but in regard to the
+real question at issue, on which your religion depends, namely, the
+inspiration of your prophet, you have given me no satisfaction
+whatever." They requested me to state what evidence I should consider
+satisfactory. I replied, "When the Jewish dispensation was to be
+introduced, God enabled Moses to work great wonders with his rod. God
+smote a mighty nation with miraculous plagues. He divided the Red Sea
+and the River Jordan. He came down on Mount Sinai amid clouds and
+lightnings and the terrific sound of the trumpet of heaven. He caused
+Moses to strike the rock and the waters gushed forth. He rained down
+manna for the space of forty years in the wilderness. Again, when the
+Christian dispensation was to be established, Christ walked upon the
+waters; He controlled the winds and the waves; He fed assembled
+thousands with a few loaves and fishes; He healed the sick; He opened
+the eyes of the blind; He brought the dead to life; and finally, He
+raised Himself from the grave.</p>
+
+<p>"You maintain that your prophet is sent to establish a third
+dispensation. I demand, therefore, what signs are given to prove his
+commission?"</p>
+
+<p>The old man replied, that the healing of the sick, the casting out of
+devils, and the speaking of unknown tongues, were very frequent in the
+"Latter-day Church." I said that signs of that kind were of a very
+doubtful description, since the imagination possessed great power over
+the nervous system. I inquired whether Smith had ever walked across the
+Mississippi, or brought a dead man to life, He replied in the negative;
+but said, that among them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> the blind received their sight, and the ears
+of the deaf were opened. I then observed, "You perceive that I am rather
+deaf, and you say that I have no faith. Now can you open my ears so that
+I may hear your arguments more distinctly?" Immediately the old man
+stepped forward, and before I was aware of his object, thrust his
+fore-fingers into my ears, and lifting up his eyes, uttered for about a
+minute in a loud voice some unintelligible gibberish. "There," he said
+finally, "the Holy Ghost prompted me to do that, and now you have heard
+the unknown tongue." "But my hearing is not improved," I said. "That,"
+he replied, "is because you have no faith. If ever you believe the Book
+of Mormon, you will immediately recover perfect hearing, through the
+gift of the Holy Ghost." I looked at him somewhat severely and said,
+"Take care, old man, what you say. When you employ the names of Father,
+Son, and Holy Ghost, you should speak with awe and reverence; but you
+and other Mormons here, as far as I have observed, employ the most
+sacred terms with the most disgusting levity. How miserable, how barren
+were your services on last Sunday; how cold your worship, how utterly
+unedifying and farcical your preaching. The Holy Ghost was manifestly
+absent from your assembly, which resembled a Jewish Synagogue more than
+a Christian congregation. There was no Bible, there was no Lord's
+Prayer, there were no motives presented to humiliation,
+self-examination, or any branch of devotion; nothing but senseless
+speculations on the character of God, idle assertions of special
+revelations and miraculous gifts, and disgraceful advertisements of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>
+stolen goods." Here they interrupted me and said, that their preachers
+did not need the Bible, being inspired by the Holy Ghost. "No," I said,
+"it is not inspiration, it is a Satanic delusion. Your prophet has
+committed himself to-day, and I will make the fact known to the world.
+Would you believe a man calling himself a prophet, who should say that
+black is white?" "No," they replied. "Would you believe him if he should
+say that English is French?" "Certainly not." "But you heard your
+prophet declare, that this book of mine is a Dictionary of Egyptian
+hieroglyphics, written in characters like those of the original Book of
+Mormon. I know it most positively to be the Psalms of David, written in
+ancient Greek. Now what shall I think of your prophet?" They appeared
+confounded for a while; but at length the Mormon doctor said, "Sometimes
+Mr. Smith speaks as a prophet, and sometimes as a mere man. If he gave a
+wrong opinion respecting the book, he spoke as a mere man." I said,
+"Whether he spoke as a prophet or as a mere man, he has committed
+himself, for he has said what is not true. If he spoke as a prophet,
+therefore, he is a false prophet. If he spoke as a mere man, he cannot
+be trusted, for he spoke positively and like an oracle respecting that
+of which he knew nothing. You have talked to me very freely respecting
+the Church to which I belong; but I hardly like to tell you what I think
+respecting your religion, lest I should hurt your feelings." "Speak
+out," said some. "Go on," said others. "If Smith be not a true prophet,"
+I said, "you must admit that he is a gross impostor." "We must," they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>
+replied. "Then I will freely tell you my opinion, so that you may not
+think that I intend to say at a distance what I would not say in Nauvoo
+itself. I think it likely that most of you are credulous and ignorant,
+but well-meaning persons, and that the time at least <i>has</i> been when you
+desired to do the will of God. A knot of designing persons, of whom
+Smith is the centre, have imposed upon your credulity and ignorance, and
+you have been most thoroughly hoaxed by their artful devices. Mahomet
+himself was a gentleman, a Christian, and a scholar, when compared with
+your prophet. And oh! how mournful to look round, as I can at present,
+and to reflect, how many have been drawn away from their homes, dragged
+across earth and sea, and brought to this unwholesome spot, where, with
+the loss of substance and of health, they are too often left to perish
+in wretched poverty and bitter disappointment." One of the Mormons who
+had listened attentively to what I said, now remarked with some
+solemnity of manner, "If we are deceived, then are we of all men the
+most miserable." "Indeed I believe you are most miserable," I replied,
+"and I pity you from the very bottom of my heart. And oh! how gladly
+would I see you delivered from this awful delusion, and returning to the
+bosom of that holy Catholic Church, from which many of you have
+apostatized. There you may find plain and honest teaching, without these
+lying signs and wonders. There you may find holy and solemn services
+fitted for the edification of the people of God. There you may find a
+true baptism, a true communion, true<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> gifts of the Holy Ghost, and true
+ministers who descend in one unbroken line from the Apostles sent forth
+by Christ Himself." Several of them now said that faith is the gift of
+God, that God had promised to give wisdom to those who should ask it;
+that they had prayed to God to guide them into all truth, and that He
+had led them to believe in the book of Mormon. I replied that God had
+appointed certain means of ascertaining the truth, and that if we
+neglect those means it will be vain to pray to Him for guidance. Thus He
+had declared his Church to be the pillar and ground of truth. But it was
+evident that they had not built upon the true ground, for they had
+attached themselves not to the apostolic Church, but a sect barely
+fifteen years old. The old man in blue now told me that they pitied me
+as much as I pitied them. "Come, my friend," he said to me, "let you and
+I go down to the Mississippi, only let me put you under the water and
+baptize you, and when you come up again, you will see all mysteries
+clearly, and will believe in our great signs and wonders." I told him in
+reply, that to submit to such a baptism would be almost the greatest
+sacrilege which a Christian could commit. "I must now leave you," I
+proceeded, "I have been among you three days; I have expressed my
+sentiments freely respecting your religion and your prophet, and I
+heartily thank you that you have listened to me with attention, and that
+although you have had me altogether in your power, you have not put me
+under the Mississippi and kept me there."</p>
+
+<p>I walked to the ferry with the Mormon who had brought me over in the
+morning, the Mormon doctor,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> and one or two others. When we arrived at
+the boat we found it safe, as it had been carefully padlocked in the
+morning. The oars, however, were missing, a circumstance which caused
+great vexation to the owner. He exclaimed "My oars are gone; somebody
+has hooked my oars." "Who has taken your oars?" I asked. "Some of the
+boys, I guess," he replied. "What! some of the young Latter-day Saints?"
+I said. "I guess it was," he answered. "But do not the young saints
+learn the ten commandments," I demanded, "and especially the eighth,
+'Thou shalt not steal?'" "I guess they know them all," the poor man
+answered, "but any how they don't practise them." Accordingly he took a
+piece of board in his hands, and having given another piece to one of
+his companions, he proceeded rather awkwardly to paddle across the wide
+and rapid stream. A third piece of board was given to the doctor, who
+sat with me in the stern, to be used as a rudder. For some time we
+advanced tolerably well; but before long the doctor began to argue with
+me vehemently. He said that no man could obtain salvation, who devoted
+so little attention to the truth of God as I had done; and that instead
+of spending only three days, I ought to have remained at least three
+weeks at Nauvoo. I told him that I had seen quite enough to convince any
+person of ordinary understanding, that Smith was an impostor. He replied
+that Smith might be as bad as he was reported to be, but that his
+prophecies would not thereby be proved false. He might be a swindler, a
+liar, a drunkard, a swearer, and still be a true prophet. David was a
+murderer and an adulterer, and yet was a true prophet. St. Peter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> said
+that even in his time "David had not yet ascended into heaven." David
+was in hell, for no murderer had eternal life abiding in him. So Smith
+might be as infamous as David was, and even deny his own revelations,
+and turn away from his religion, and go to hell; but this would not
+affect the revelations which God had given by him. It was in vain that I
+attempted to correct the doctor's false positions; the stream of his
+eloquence had begun to flow, and, finally, I suffered it to flow
+unchecked. He said that the truth of Mormonism did not depend on the
+character of Smith or of any other man. That our Lord had told the Jews
+that there were other sheep, not of that fold, whom He intended to
+bring, and that in accordance with this declaration, after his ascension
+into heaven, He descended again in America and preached the Gospel to
+the Indians, as the veracious history of the book of Mormon assured us.
+That for his own part, his faith had been produced solely by the power
+of God, and that if he was deceived, God Almighty had deceived him, and
+no other. "I was once an honest Atheist," he proceeded, "I felt that
+Christianity could not be true, since Christians have not yet decided
+among themselves what Christianity is. I was induced by curiosity to
+listen to the preaching of a Mormon elder. My attention was strongly
+arrested; I began to believe in God, and for many weeks and months was
+earnest in my prayers to Him for a knowledge of the truth. After the
+space of six months, I was one night lying awake in my bed meditating,
+when suddenly a conviction of the reality of the Christian religion
+flashed upon my mind like lightning. I saw the truth of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> the Scriptures
+and of the book of Mormon. I felt powerfully convinced that the
+prophecies of Joseph Smith were from God. At the same time I was filled
+with a supernatural extasy which resembled heaven itself. I could not
+restrain my feelings, but cried out, O my God, if it be thus to be
+baptized with the Holy Ghost, what must it be to be baptized with fire!
+From that time I have been a member of the 'Latter-day Church,' and,
+believe me, I would rather be an honest Atheist again, than embrace the
+doctrines of any of the sects. If the religion which I profess be false,
+there is no true religion upon earth."</p>
+
+<p>The doctor's zeal had so completely carried him away, that he quite
+forgot his duty as helmsman. The boat was now about the middle of the
+Mississippi, and after sundry tortuous windings, seemed about to return
+to Nauvoo. The poor fellows who were paddling with the boards
+complaining of the doctor's steering, I volunteered to take the helm,
+and the medical gentleman forthwith resigned his piece of board into my
+hands. The skiff now proceeded with a straight course, and we shortly
+landed in Iowa. The doctor, on parting from me, complimented me somewhat
+equivocally on my seamanship, by observing, that if I knew the way of
+salvation as well as I knew how to steer, I might have a good chance of
+getting to heaven.</p>
+
+<p>During the remainder of the day, I employed myself in obtaining
+testimony from persons residing in Iowa in reference to the conduct and
+character of their Mormon neighbours. I have every reason to believe
+that this testimony is correct, partly because<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> it agrees with what I
+myself saw and heard in Nauvoo, and partly on account of the character
+and respectability of the witnesses.</p>
+
+<p>The reader must have already inferred from my description, that the
+false prophet himself is a coarse and gross personage, by no means
+punctilious in regard to truth. The following facts related by actual
+witnesses will not therefore appear incredible.</p>
+
+<p>Before the Mormons settled in the vicinity, no shop for the sale of
+spirituous liquors had been established in Montrose. After their arrival
+two of their preachers commenced a grog-shop in that place, which was
+principally supported by the "Latter-day Saints." In September 1841, the
+prophet being in Montrose, became intoxicated at this shop. While in
+this condition he told the by-standers "that he could drink them all
+drunk," and requested the shop-keeper to treat all his friends at his
+expense.</p>
+
+<p>On another occasion, having been discharged from arrest, through
+informality in the writ requiring his apprehension for high treason
+against the State of Missouri, Smith gave a party at Monmouth, and,
+after a regular frolic with his lawyers and friends, became thoroughly
+intoxicated. On being asked how it was that he, a prophet of the Lord,
+could get drunk, he replied, that it was necessary that he should do so,
+in order to prevent his followers from worshipping him as a God.</p>
+
+<p>While intoxicated at Montrose, at another time, he was heard by
+several persons saying to himself, "I am a P.R.O.F.I.T. I am a
+P.R.O.F.I.T."&mdash;spelling (or rather mis-spelling) the word deliberately,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>
+and repeating the letters in solemn succession.</p>
+
+<p>About two years since, at a political convention held in Nauvoo, the
+prophet became intoxicated, and was led home by his brother Hyrum. On
+the following Sunday, he acknowledged the fact in public. He said that
+he had been tempted, and had drunk too much; but that he had yielded to
+the temptation for the following reason:&mdash;Several of the elders had got
+drunk, and had never made confession; but he was desirous of getting
+drunk and confessing it, in order to set the elders a good example.</p>
+
+<p>The language of the prophet is gross in the extreme. A Mormon, for
+example, having made some remarks derogatory to "the elect lady," Mrs.
+Smith, the prophet was dreadfully exasperated. He endeavoured to find
+out the name of the offender; but, being unable to do so, he alluded to
+the subject in a sermon, preached in the open air, at Montrose, on the
+9th of May, 1841. He said, "I hope I may never find out that person; for
+if I do, my appetite shall never be satisfied till I have his blood; and
+if he ever crosses my threshold I will send him to hell."</p>
+
+<p>I have already stated some circumstances which may appear to reflect on
+the common honesty of some of the Mormons. Mr. K. mentioned that he had
+lived five years among heathen Indians, and had never been robbed by
+them of the most trifling article. During the three years which have
+elapsed since the settlement of the Mormons at Montrose and Nauvoo,
+<i>fourteen robberies</i>, to the amount of two<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> thousand dollars, have been
+committed upon his property. 1st, His store was robbed of goods worth
+five hundred dollars; 2nd, his warehouse was plundered of one barrel of
+pork, two barrels of sugar, and five kegs of lard; 3rd, his smoke-house
+was despoiled of thirty-three hams and eleven shoulders; the 4th robbery
+deprived him of a barrel and a half of salt; the 5th, of another barrel
+of salt; the 6th, of a saddle, bridle, and martingale, which were taken
+from his stable; 7thly, four wheels were taken from his waggon; 8thly,
+three saddles and bridles and a martingale from his stable; 9thly, sixty
+bushels of wheat from his granary; 10thly, six boxes of glass, a hundred
+and fifty pounds of bacon, and two boxes of axes, from his warehouse;
+11th, six more barrels of salt; 12th, between three and four hundred
+bushels of Indian corn; 13th, one wheel was stolen from his chariot
+within an enclosure; and, 14th, his store was robbed of forty-two pieces
+of dark prints, five or six pieces of satinette, and other articles,
+worth about four hundred dollars.</p>
+
+<p>Joseph Smith, alluding to these robberies in a sermon, said that he "did
+not care how much was taken from Mr. K. and his brother." He cited the
+example of Christ and his apostles, who, he said, when hungry, scrupled
+not to steal corn while walking in the fields. He added the following
+words,&mdash;"The world owes me a good living; if I cannot get it otherwise,
+I will steal it, and catch me at it if you can."</p>
+
+<p>He has, however, thought fit to disavow these principles. In the "Times
+and Seasons" of Dec. 1, 1841, we have the following official document:</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p>
+
+<table class="braces" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="table">
+
+
+<tr><td>"State of Illinois,</td><td class="symb">&#9131;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="symb">&#9132;</td><td>SS.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Hancock County.</td><td class="symb">&#9133;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Before me, John C. Bennett, Mayor of the City of Nauvoo, personally
+came Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of
+Latter-day Saints (commonly called Mormons), who, being duly sworn
+according to law, deposeth and saith, that he has never, directly or
+indirectly, encouraged the purloining of property, or taught the
+doctrine of stealing, or any other evil practice; and that all such
+vile and unlawful acts will ever receive his unqualified and
+unreserved disapproval, and the most vigorous opposition of the
+Church over which he presides; and further this deponent saith not.</p>
+
+<p class="right">
+<span style="margin-right: 15%;">"<span class="smcap">Joseph Smith</span>,</span><br />
+
+<span style="margin-right: 15%;">"President of the Church of Latter-day
+Saints."</span></p>
+
+<p>After this follows an account of two unlucky Mormons, who seem to be
+selected as scape-goats. Being officers of the Nauvoo legion, they are
+tried by court martial, found guilty of theft, and sentenced to be
+cashiered. Joseph Smith solemnly approves of this sentence, and the
+proceedings are published in the "Times and Seasons." About the same
+time, five Mormons are gazetted as being expelled from the church for
+larceny.</p>
+
+<p>The following circumstance was mentioned as a specimen of the manner in
+which these singular heretics endeavour to rid themselves of the
+imputation of thievishness universally cast upon them. In the winter of
+1841, a Mormon was committed to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> penitentiary on a charge of
+horse-stealing. Upon this, the "Saints" denied that he was a Mormon. Two
+Mormon preachers, however, offered themselves as bail for the prisoner,
+and having effected his liberation, speedily decamped. When the spring
+session of the court of Lee County for 1842 had arrived, it appeared
+that the accused had followed their example, for neither he nor his
+securities were to be found.</p>
+
+<p>The sufferings experienced by many of the English emigrants at Nauvoo
+were described as truly appalling. Nauvoo is one of the most unhealthy
+spots on the Mississippi, between New Orleans and the Falls of St.
+Anthony. This insalubrity is produced by the low islands adjoining the
+city, which are frequently overflowed. Sufficient evidence of the
+unhealthiness of the place is furnished in the following extract from a
+"revelation given to Joseph Smith, January 19th, 1841," and published in
+the "Times and Seasons" for June 1st, 1841:</p>
+
+<p>"Verily thus saith the Lord unto you, my servant, Joseph Smith,&mdash;I am
+well pleased with your offerings and acknowledgements which you have
+made; for unto this end have I raised you up, that I might show forth my
+wisdom through the weak things of the earth. * * * * * Let no man go
+from this place who has come here <i>a</i>ssaying to keep my commandments. If
+they live here, let them live unto me, and if they die, let them die
+unto me; for they shall rest from all their labour here, and shall
+continue their works. Therefore, let my servant William put his trust in
+me, and cease to fear concerning his family, because of the sickness of
+the land. If<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> ye love me, keep my commandments, and the sickness of the
+land shall redound to your glory."</p>
+
+<p>I was informed again and again in Montrose, that nearly half of the
+English who emigrated to Nauvoo in 1841 died soon after their arrival.
+Far from the graves of their fathers, remote from the ministers of the
+true faith, they ended their days in want and wretchedness, and were
+buried without that respectful solemnity which in England is not denied
+even to the pauper from the workhouse.</p>
+
+<p>In his sermon of the 9th of May, 1841, the following words of <i>most
+Christian consolation</i> were delivered by the prophet to the poor deluded
+English.</p>
+
+<p>"Many of the English who have lately come here have expressed great
+disappointment on their arrival. Such persons have every reason to be
+satisfied in this beautiful and fertile country. If they choose to
+complain, they may; but I don't want to be troubled with their
+complaints. If they are not satisfied here, I have only to say this to
+them,&mdash;Don't stay whining about me, but go back to England and be d&mdash;d."</p>
+
+<p>One of Joseph's missionaries, having returned from a mission to England,
+preached a sermon at Nauvoo on Sunday, July 4th, 1840. Having given an
+account of his proceedings during his absence, and alluded to the
+converts whom he had persuaded to settle near Nauvoo, he proceeded to
+speak as follows:&mdash;"I have not had an opportunity to visit these English
+brethren since my return. I cannot spend my time in visiting them. If
+they are as much dissatisfied as they are said to be, I have only this
+to say to them,&mdash;You had better go back to England;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> but if you go, go
+like men and be d&mdash;d, and don't whine about it."</p>
+
+<p>The Secretary for the territory of Iowa was present on this occasion,
+and remarked to my informant, that he was astonished at hearing these
+expressions from the very man who had brought these poor people a
+distance of six thousand miles.</p>
+
+<p>The method in which the Mormons baptize is a perfect burlesque on the
+holy initiatory sacrament of the gospel. On one occasion, a hundred and
+sixty-five persons were baptized by immersion at Nauvoo, some for the
+remission of sins, and some for their deceased friends, which is their
+baptism for the dead. This business was done by seven elders, who
+enjoyed it as a capital frolic. One of these elders baptized a woman six
+times during the same day. Not satisfied with this, she presented
+herself a seventh time, when the elder jocosely remarked, "What! haven't
+you got wet enough already?" A very tall man offering himself, the
+elder, who is very stout, laughed aloud, and said, "I am the only one
+big enough to put tall chaps like you under water."</p>
+
+<p>The Christian reader will feel that he has now had enough of these awful
+profanations; and I assure him that nothing but a sense of the duty of
+exposing imposture could have induced me to commit them to paper. A mere
+selection from the sayings, writings, and doings of the leading Mormons,
+equal to the preceding in horrid wickedness, would fill volumes. Enough
+has been said, however, to prove that Mormonism is associated in the
+minds of its most zealous advocates with dispositions and actions the
+very reverse<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> of those which are inculcated by the Gospel, and exhibited
+in the example of Jesus Christ.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening subsequent to my last visit to Nauvoo, I walked by the
+western banks of the noble Mississippi. Beside me flowed its smooth
+waters, undisturbed by the slightest ripple. On the eastern bank the
+rays of the setting sun were reflected from the windows of Nauvoo, and
+his parting beams illuminated the white dwellings of the prophet and his
+followers. It was a time adapted to serious reflection. I felt
+convinced, that palpable as are the absurdities of Mormonism, it is a
+system which possesses many elements of strength, and of extension. When
+the present generation of deceivers and of dupes shall have gone to
+their graves, a new class of Mormons may have arisen, educated in the
+principles of the sect, and taught by experience to disavow some
+features in their religion which are at present its shame and its
+disgrace. They may consign Joseph Smith to perdition, together with the
+sweet Psalmist of Israel; while his doctrines, somewhat refined, may be
+a rule of faith and action to admiring millions. It remains (under God)
+for Christians of the present day to determine whether Mormonism shall
+sink to the level of those fanatical sects which, like new stars, have
+blazed for a little while, and then sunk into obscurity; or whether,
+like a second Mahometanism, it shall extend itself sword in hand, until,
+throughout western America, Christianity shall be levelled with the
+dust.</p>
+
+<p>And how shall Christians effectually avert the calamity? I reply, by
+encouraging the feeble and infant Christian institutions already
+existing in that wonderful<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> land which Mormonism, even now, claims as
+its own. As a Churchman, I feel almost ashamed for my Church, when I
+reflect upon the heavy discouragements which are suffered to afflict the
+amiable and patient missionary bishop of Missouri, Iowa, and Wisconsin.
+Where are the zealous missionaries who should be flocking to his
+assistance? Where are the means which should be provided for the support
+of a learned clergy in the rising cities of the west? Why is Kemper
+College, the first and only institution of the Church beyond the
+Mississippi, permitted to languish, while the Mormon temple, and the
+Mormon university, offer their delusive attractions to the rising
+generation? Why is the venerable bishop of Illinois permitted to labour
+almost alone, while the missionaries of Joseph Smith, with a zeal worthy
+of the true Church, perambulate his diocese and plant their standard in
+every village?</p>
+
+<p>If the Churches of England and America possessed the activity of the
+Mormons, questions like the above would soon be needless. Churchmen
+would contribute from their poverty as well as from their riches;
+churches would be erected, missionaries maintained, and colleges in
+which a learned clergy could be educated, would be liberally endowed.
+Fanaticism, no longer rampant, would hide itself in the darkest recesses
+of the forest; while pure and genuine religion would be the comfort of
+the weary emigrant, and the faithful guide of the fifty millions who,
+doubtless, before another century, will occupy the valley of the
+Mississippi.</p>
+
+<p>How present exigencies shall be met, is a question worthy of the careful
+consideration of all, both in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> England and America, who are solicitous
+for the advancement of truth and piety. The appointment of a
+self-denying missionary to reside in the immediate vicinity of Nauvoo,
+might in some degree check the rising heresy. Such a missionary should
+be thoroughly acquainted with the Mormon controversy; patient, willing
+to endure contradiction and persecution, and able to accommodate himself
+readily to all circumstances, and to all classes of people. Those who
+become disgusted with Mormonism might thus be saved from embracing
+Atheism; the poor disappointed English might be relieved, encouraged,
+and restored to the Church of their fathers; the progress of the
+delusion might be closely watched, and the artifices of its leaders duly
+exposed.</p>
+
+<p>It is also worthy of remark, that the success of Joseph Smith appears to
+warrant a system of emigration and settlement conducted on religious
+principles. The notorious Owen, as is well known, attempted the
+establishment of an Infidel community at New Harmony, in Indiana, and
+totally failed. Joseph Smith has availed himself of the religious
+principle natural to man, and has triumphantly succeeded. If a false
+faith has thus prevailed, true religion might accomplish wonders.
+Whatever may be said, and much may be said with truth, respecting the
+superior claims of the British colonies, it is certain that a vast
+proportion of those who emigrate from Great Britain and Ireland, proceed
+to the United States. Numbers of these have been educated in the
+principles of the Established Church; and yet, from various causes, few
+of them comparatively attach themselves to the Church in America. Many
+connect themselves with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> various dissenting denominations; while still
+more, it is to be feared, sink into heartless apathy and irreligion. But
+we will suppose that a large body of members of the Church determine
+upon emigrating, on a system which shall secure mutual co-operation and
+religious fellowship. Before leaving home, the outlines of their plan
+are fixed: they are accompanied by a sufficient number of well-educated
+pastors and teachers: they purchase a district of four or five thousand
+acres in a healthy portion of Iowa, for example: they obtain from the
+legislature charters for a city, a college, and a church, respectively:
+they erect their own dwellings upon a handsome and tasteful design: they
+elect a mayor and a corporation for their rising city. A substantial
+Church is built, which may afterwards form one wing of a noble Gothic
+Cathedral. Schools and teachers are provided for the children,
+professors are appointed for the college, libraries are commenced, and
+halls are erected. Allotments of land are set aside for the perpetual
+maintenance of religion and Christian education. The clergy, if
+sufficiently numerous, elect, with the approbation of the laity, some
+learned and active man as their bishop, who is afterwards duly
+consecrated by the authorities of the American Church. The Church now
+appears in its fulness and dignity; and missionaries go forth from the
+city, in sincerity and truth, to traverse the land and to convert its
+inhabitants.</p>
+
+<p>This is not a chimerical idea, it is a sketch of what might be realized
+with little difficulty. Discouragements would occasionally arise; but
+ultimately, with proper management, such a plan would undoubtedly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>
+succeed. A new point of attraction would thus be presented to European
+and American emigrants, and the power of the false prophet would be
+shaken to its foundation.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">APPENDIX.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 2.</span> "Amid countless forms of schism."</p>
+
+<p>Bishop Kemper gives the following information on this subject, in a
+recent appeal to the European Churches.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Under a canon of the Protestant Episcopal Church, passed in the
+year 1835, I was consecrated a missionary Bishop for Indiana and
+Missouri, to which were afterwards added Wisconsin, Iowa, and the
+country beyond the Mississippi, extending southward to latitude 36°
+30´, northward to the British possessions, and westward to the
+Pacific Ocean. This region contains a million of square miles, a
+million and a quarter of white and negro inhabitants, and numerous
+Indian tribes amounting in population to not less than three hundred
+thousand souls. I proceeded forthwith to my field of labour, and
+found many members of our Catholic and Apostolic Church straying
+from her fold through the want of pastors. Romanism, heresy, schism,
+infidelity, paganism, and a new religion&mdash;known as Mormonism,
+extensively pervading the land; and not more than six or seven
+clergymen of our church scattered at wide intervals over this
+prodigious surface. I also found that about<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> thirty thousand
+emigrants from Europe annually settled within my jurisdiction, a
+large proportion of whom were members of the Reformed Churches of
+Great Britain, Germany, Prussia, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, in
+addition to a vast influx of settlers from the eastern parts of the
+United States, and British America."</p>
+
+<p>Speaking of the Roman Catholics, the Bishop says,</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Within the bounds of my mission, where I have (1841) but
+twenty-three fellow-labourers, they have three bishops, and one
+hundred and six priests. They annually receive large funds from
+Vienna, Lyons, &amp;c., by which they are enabled to erect splendid
+cathedrals, extensive colleges, large convents, and substantial
+stone churches. In St. Louis alone they have a large cathedral,
+which cost, it is said, eighty thousand dollars, to which, beside
+the bishop, there are attached four clergymen, who preach and
+catechise every Sunday in English, French, and German. They have
+also four chapels, and a splendid church, as yet unfinished, one
+hundred and twenty feet in length, and eighty in width. The present
+position of their diocese of St. Louis is as follows:&mdash;fifty-six
+churches, nine churches building, sixty other stations,
+seventy-three clergymen, two ecclesiastical seminaries, two colleges
+for young men, one academy for boys, ten female convents, ten
+academies for young ladies, four schools, and eight charitable
+institutions."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 3.</span> "A New Book."</p>
+
+<p>The Book of Mormon contains five hundred and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> eighty-eight duodecimo
+pages, consisting of fifteen different books, purporting to be written
+at different times, and by different authors, whose names they
+respectively bear. The period of time covered by these spurious records
+is about a thousand years, commencing with the time of Zedekiah, and
+terminating with the year of our Lord 420. It professes to trace the
+history of the American aborigines, from the time of their leaving
+Jerusalem in the reign of Zedekiah, under one Lehi, down to their final
+disaster near the hill Camorah, in the state of New York, in which
+contest, according to "the prophet Moroni," about 230,000 were slain in
+a single battle, and he alone escaped to tell the tale. These records,
+with which various prophecies and sermons are intermingled, are declared
+by Smith to have been written on golden plates, in "the reformed
+Egyptian character," and discovered to him by an angel in the year 1823.
+An English edition of the Book of Mormon, <i>revised and corrected</i>, has
+been published at Manchester, for the benefit of British "Saints."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 4.</span> "a large portion of whom are natives of Christian and
+enlightened England."</p>
+
+<p>I am permitted by a clergyman of the diocese of Chester to give the
+following extracts from a letter, addressed by him to me, February 4th,
+1842.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"For your very kind and satisfactory information as to that
+arch-impostor, Joe Smith, I most cordially thank you. Mormonism is a
+heresy of a very dangerous and disgraceful tendency; and I am sorry
+to add, it has produced effects already in some parishes<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> in England
+which, in this enlightened age, one could scarcely imagine possible.
+They first of all laid their blasphemous scheme at Preston, in
+Lancashire, after taking out a licence at the quarter sessions. This
+occurred about the year 1836 or 37; and they soon numbered in that
+locality nearly 500 converts. In 1838, they extended their
+iniquitous operations to various villages on each side of the
+Ribble. At Ribchester, the famous Roman station of Ribcunium, they
+seduced many; and the same results followed in other places nearer
+Clitheroe. Since that time, itinerant preachers among the Methodists
+and Calvinists have joined the unholy compact; and even farmers,
+labourers, mechanics, and others,&mdash;in short, whoever among them
+could supply the <i>needful</i>,&mdash;have been persuaded to sell their
+property, and emigrate to Nauvoo. In 1838, every Mormon in one
+village, and in other villages probably the same, received a
+certificate, or passport, of which the following is a copy:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquota">"We do hereby certify that A. B., the bearer of this, is a regular
+member, and in good standing and fellowship, in the Church of the
+Latter-day Saints in Waddington, and is a worthy member of the same;
+and as a token also of our love and good will, we give unto him this
+letter of commendation to the esteem and fellowship of the Saints,
+in any land or country to which he may be pleased to remove.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquota">"<i>March 29,</i><span style="margin-left: 25%;">"<span class="smcap">H. C. Kimball</span>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>1838.</i></span><span style="margin-left: 32%;">"<span class="smcap">Orson Hyde</span>,</span><br />
+
+<span style="margin-left: 25%;">"Presiding Elders of said Church.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">"This will be called for."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>Three hundred of these certificates were printed at Clitheroe, by which
+speculation about £15 were realized.</p>
+
+<p>The way in which a Mormon prophecy is given to produce effect on the
+converts, is artfully designing. A young man, for instance, is immersed.
+After his immersion, the elders write a letter, unknown to the proselyte
+himself. As long as he remains faithful, all is right; the letter
+remains carefully sealed, and is kept by third parties. If he leaves
+them, a meeting of all the Mormons in the neighbourhood takes place, the
+letter is brought out with solemn pomp, the seal is broken, and the
+contents are read publicly. The following will serve for an example of
+these prophetic letters:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"><span style="margin-left: 25%;">"Liverpool, <i>April 13, 1838</i>.</span></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"<span class="smcap">Dear Brothers and Sisters in Preston</span>,&mdash;It seemeth good unto us, and
+also unto the Holy Ghost, to write to you a few words, which cause
+pain in our hearts, and will also pain you when they are fulfilled
+before you; yet you shall have joy in the end. Brother Webster will
+not abide in the Spirit of the Lord, but will reject the truth, and
+become the enemy of the people of God, and expose the mysteries
+which have been committed to him, that a righteous judgment may be
+executed upon him, unless he speedily repent. When this sorrowful
+prediction shall be fulfilled, this letter shall be read to the
+church, and it shall prove a solemn warning to all to beware.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">
+<span style="margin-left: 25%;">"Farewell in the Lord,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 33%;">"<span class="smcap">Orson Hyde</span>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 33%;">"<span class="smcap">H. C. Kimball</span>."</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>In England, the preachers of Mormonism generally begin by insinuating
+among the astonished natives of rural villages, or the weak and wavering
+classes in larger towns, that our Bible has suffered by translation, and
+that it is deficient and incomplete in many particulars. They next
+declare that the Book of Mormon and the revelations bestowed on Smith
+and Rigdon are additional favours from the Deity, designed to explain
+the obscurities and supply the deficiencies of our Scriptures. It never
+enters into the minds of their dupes to inquire as to the <i>credentials</i>
+of these preachers. They are the eye-witnesses of no miracle: they see
+no dead raised to life, no dumb qualified to speak, no blind enabled to
+see.</p>
+
+<p>One night the Mormon elder commences by observing to his congregation
+that he does not know what to say, but that he will say whatever the
+Lord shall put into his mouth. On another night, he gravely announces
+his intention to read a portion of the old Scriptures for edification;
+invariably, however, taking care not to confine himself to any
+particular subject, but to have as extensive a field as possible, in
+order to weave in from time to time such portions of the "Book of
+Mormon" as he knows to be best adapted to effect his object. The
+American edition of this book had no index to guide its readers to any
+particular passage or doctrine; it was not generally circulated in
+England, even among the converts; and hence very few were able to know
+precisely when the preacher's words were <i>Mormonic</i>, and when they were
+not. This peculiarity was remarked upon at the time, and in an English
+edition, printed at Manchester, an index was inserted.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>For the continuance of the fraudulent scheme, they proceed to enact a
+mock ordination, choosing out of the whole body of converts certain
+individuals who are deemed most trustworthy. These assume their
+blasphemous calling on the pretended sanction of the Deity, immerse
+converts after dark, <i>confirm</i> the parties next day, and administer, in
+the course of two or three days at the farthest, a mock sacrament, to
+individuals who in the bewildered state of their minds scarcely know
+their right hand from their left.</p>
+
+<p>It is under the very convenient cloak of night, however, that Mormonism
+in England performs most of its operations. It is then in the zenith of
+its glory, converting ignorance into the tool of delusion, chaining it
+fast by iniquitous discipline, order, and system, and trying with all
+its energy to make the worse appear the better cause. In such beguiling
+hours, the secret "Church Meeting" is held, to the exclusion of every
+individual except the initiated. High and mighty is the business
+transacted on such occasions. It consists of exhortations to stand firm,
+instructions given, explanations offered, visions and revelations
+stated, gifts received for the "Bishop of Zion," confessions made,
+threatenings held out, converts reprimanded, apostates excommunicated,
+the successes of Mormonism described, and suggestions offered for
+removing the difficulties in its way. Enquiries are made in reference to
+other particulars: for example,&mdash;"What kind of people reside in this
+neighbourhood? What places of worship do they frequent? What opinions
+have you formed as to the natural bent of their respective dispositions?
+Will they be disposed to join us, or will they exercise<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> an influence
+against us? Are they principally in the humble walks of life, or are
+they of some knowledge and understanding?" If the answer to these and
+other questions be apparently favourable, the necessary advice is given
+to the first converts how they may prevail upon more. Suggestions are
+thrown out how to persuade; and the next step is to urge in every
+possible way the grievous sin of baptizing infants, and the absolute
+necessity of <i>dipping</i>, as the very <i>sine quâ non</i>, the only effectual
+path to everlasting salvation.</p>
+
+<p>It was the opinion of many of our clerical brethren in England, at
+first, that the evil would upset itself. But system, order, and
+discipline are powerful ingredients, even in a bad cause. Smith writes
+to England as follows:&mdash;"The Nauvoo Legion embraces all our military
+power." "The University of Nauvoo will enable us to teach our children
+arts, sciences, and learned professions. The regents of the university
+will supervise all matters of education, from common schools up to the
+highest branches."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 3.</span> "St. Louis, a city of thirty thousand inhabitants."</p>
+
+<p>St. Louis was founded in 1764, under the auspices of the French
+government, by M. Laclede, who named it in honour of the reigning
+monarch, Louis XV. In 1770, it passed into the possession of Spain, and
+as the seat of government for Upper Louisiana was occupied by a Spanish
+governor. In 1800, Louisiana was retroceded to France, from which
+government it was purchased by the United States during the presidency
+of Mr. Jefferson. St.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> Louis increased slowly until the introduction of
+steam navigation on the western rivers; but during the last seven years
+its population has increased from 8000 to 30,000. It contains fifteen
+places of worship, viz., two Episcopalian churches, two Roman Catholic,
+two Methodist meeting-houses, two Presbyterian, one Associate Reformed
+Presbyterian, one German Lutheran, one Baptist, one Unitarian, an
+African Methodist, and an African Baptist meeting-house, besides a
+Jewish synagogue. A third Roman Catholic church is in progress, and the
+number of Roman Catholics in the city is not less than 14,000. The
+buildings are of brick or stone, and generally present a handsome
+appearance.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 5.</span> "Father of waters," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>When the Mississippi is at its lowest stage, the depth of water at St.
+Louis is four feet; when full, the depth is twenty-nine feet. The width
+of the river is three-quarters of a mile; the average velocity four
+miles an hour; the average descent of the stream six inches in every
+mile.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 8.</span> "This was the Temple."</p>
+
+<p>The following are some of Joseph Smith's "Revelations" on the subject of
+the temple, extracted from the "Times and Seasons" for June 1, 1841.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Verily, verily, I say unto you, let all my saints come from afar,
+and send ye swift messengers, yea, chosen messengers, and say unto
+them, Come ye with all your gold, and your silver, and your precious
+stones, and with all your antiquities; and all who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> have knowledge
+of antiquities that will come, may come; and bring the box-tree, and
+the fir-tree, and the pine-tree, together with all the precious
+trees of the earth; and with iron, and with copper, and with brass,
+and with zinc, and with all your precious things of the earth; and
+build a house to my name, for the Most High to dwell therein: for
+there is not a place found upon earth, that he may come and restore
+again that which was lost unto you, or which he hath taken away,
+even the fulness of the priesthood.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"* * * And again, verily, I say unto you, how shall your washings be
+acceptable unto me, except ye perform them in a house which you have
+built to my name? For this cause, I commanded Moses that he should
+build a tabernacle, that they should bear it in the wilderness, and
+to build a house in the land of promise, that those ordinances might
+be revealed which had been hid from before the world was. * * * *</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"And verily I say unto you, let this house be built unto my name,
+that I may reveal mine ordinances therein unto my people; for I
+design to reveal unto my church things which have been kept hid from
+the foundation of the world; things that pertain to the dispensation
+of the fulness of times. And I will show unto my servant Joseph, all
+things pertaining to this house, and the priesthood thereof, and the
+place whereon it shall be built. * * * * And it shall come to pass,
+that if you build a house unto my name, and do not the things that I
+say, I will not perform the oath which I make unto you; neither
+fulfil the promises which ye expect at my hands, saith<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> the Lord:
+for instead of blessings, ye by your own works, bring cursings,
+wrath, indignation, and judgment upon your own heads by your
+follies, and by all your abominations which you practise before me,
+saith the Lord."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 12.</span> "In Palestine, &amp;c."</p>
+
+<p>The following is from the 'Times and Seasons' for April 1st, 1842.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Another letter has just come to hand from Elder Hyde, dated Jaffa,
+Oct. He was then on his way to Jerusalem, the date being much
+earlier than the one inserted in another page. We have only room for
+the following extract, which we publish as among the most
+extraordinary signs of the times. 'On my passage from Beyroot to
+this place (Jaffa) the night before last, at one o'clock, as I was
+meditating on the deck of the vessel as she was beating down against
+a sultry wind, a very bright glittering sword appeared in the
+heavens, with a beautiful hilt, as plain and complete as any cut you
+ever saw. And what is still more remarkable, an arm with a perfect
+hand, stretched itself out and took hold of the hilt of the sword.
+The appearance really made my hair rise, and my flesh, as it were,
+crawl on my bones. The Arabs made a wonderful outcry at the sight.
+Oh, Allah! Allah! was their exclamation all over the vessel. I
+mention this, because you know there is a commandment of God for me,
+which says, 'Unto you it shall be given to know the signs of the
+times, and the sign of the coming of the Son of man.'</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"><span style="margin-left: 25%;">
+Yours, in Christ,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 33%;"><span class="smcap">Orson Hyde</span>."</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span><span class="smcap">Page 13.</span> "Nauvoo House."</p>
+
+<p>The following is a further extract from the "Revelation" of January 19,
+1841, quoted above.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Verily, I say unto you, let my servant George, and my servant
+Lyman, and my servant John Snider, and others, build a house unto my
+name, such an one as my servant Joseph shall show unto them, upon
+the place which he shall show unto them also. And it shall be for a
+house of boarding, a house that strangers may come from afar to
+lodge therein. * * * * Let it be built unto my name, and let my name
+be named upon it; and let my servant Joseph and his house have place
+therein, from generation to generation. For this anointing have I
+put upon his head, that his blessing shall also be put upon the
+heads of his posterity after him; and as I said unto Abraham, even
+so I say unto my servant Joseph, in thee and in thy seed shall all
+the kindreds of the earth be blessed. Therefore, let my servant
+Joseph and his seed after him have place in that house from
+generation to generation, for ever and ever, saith the Lord; and let
+the name of that house be called the Nauvoo House, and let it be a
+delightful habitation for man, and a resting-place for the weary
+traveller, that he may contemplate the glory of Zion, and the glory
+of this corner-stone thereof."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 22.</span> "The writings of Abraham."</p>
+
+<p>Smith's pretended version of these documents may be found in the "Times
+and Seasons" for March 1, and March 15, 1842, with the following
+heading:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>"A Translation of some ancient Records that have fallen into our
+hands from the Catacombs of Egypt, purporting to be the writings of
+Abraham while he was in Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written
+by his own hand upon papyrus."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 25.</span> "The Nauvoo Legion."</p>
+
+<p>The subjoined will serve as a specimen of "General Orders," issued by
+Joseph Smith, in his military capacity:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Head Quarters. Nauvoo Legion, City of Nauvoo.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"><span style="margin-left: 25%;">
+"<i>May 25</i>, <small>A. D.</small> 1841.</span>
+</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"The 1st Company (riflemen), 1st Battalion, 2nd Regiment, 2nd
+Cohort, will be attached to the escort contemplated in the general
+order of the 4th instant, for the 3rd of July next. In forming the
+Legion, the Adjutant will observe the rank of companies as follows,
+to wit:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"1st Cohort.&mdash;The flying artillery first, the lancers next, and the
+riflemen next, visiting companies of dragoons next the lancers, and
+cavalry next the dragoons.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"2nd Cohort.&mdash;The artillery first, the lancers next, the riflemen
+next, the light-infantry next, visiting companies in their
+appropriate places, on the right of the troops of their own grade:
+the ranking company of the 1st Cohort will be formed on the right of
+the said Cohort, and the ranking company of the 2nd Cohort will be
+formed on the left of the said Cohort, the next on the right of the
+left; and so on to the centre. The escort will be formed on the
+right of the forces.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">
+"<span class="smcap">John C. Bennett</span>,  <span style="margin-left: 25%;">"<span class="smcap">Joseph Smith</span>."</span><br />
+"Major-General,    <span style="margin-left: 25%;">"Lieutenant-General."</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span><span class="smcap">Page 33.</span> "The Mormons prefer miraculous aid to medicine."</p>
+
+<p>The following is abridged from a London paper:&mdash;"On Wednesday an
+investigation was gone into before Mr. Baker the coroner, at the Royal
+Oak, Galway Street, St. Luke's, on the body of Elizabeth Morgan, aged
+fifty-five years, whose death was alleged to have been caused through
+improper treatment by unqualified persons. Maria Watkins said she had
+known deceased about twelve months, and on Tuesday week witness was sent
+for to attend her. Witness found her very ill; but no medical gentleman
+was called in, it being against the religious tenets of the sect to
+which the deceased belonged to do so. The sect to which she belonged
+styled themselves 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,'
+their place of meeting being in Castle street, Cow-cross. They treated
+their sick according to a text taken from the last chapter of the
+Epistle of St. James. Witness had known of healing under such
+circumstances, but the deceased sank and died on Saturday last. No
+surgeon was sent for. The coroner said he hardly knew how to deal with
+the case, as he had his doubts whether it was not one of manslaughter.
+The jury, after some deliberation, returned a verdict of 'Natural
+death,' with a hope that the present inquiry would act as a caution for
+the future."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 41.</span> "The healing of the sick, the casting out of devils," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>In the "Times and Seasons," vol. iii. p. 709, may be found Joseph
+Smith's creed, in which are contained the following articles:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>"We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions,
+healing, interpretation of tongues, &amp;c." "We believe all that God
+has revealed, all that He does now reveal, and we believe that He
+will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the
+kingdom of God."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 44.</span> "A knot of designing persons."</p>
+
+<p>Professor Turner of Illinois College, thus addresses Joseph Smith.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"I have charitably sought to find some ground for believing that you
+and your comrades were only a new species of religious maniacs. I
+have sought in vain. A man, however kindly disposed to think well of
+you, after a thorough examination of your career, might as well
+attempt to believe your religion, as to regard you in any other
+light than that of a deliberate, cold-blooded, persevering deceiver.
+I do not pretend that in the outset you even anticipated the final
+result. On the contrary, there is abundant evidence that at first
+your aims rose no higher than those of ordinary vagrants and
+jugglers. You have not even the poor merit of either talent or
+originality. Your highest aim has ever been to crawl among the
+droves of reptile impostors who have preceded you, and though your
+ignorance and utter incapacity have not suffered you to turn aside
+from their loathsome track, your fortunate union with others of
+greater ability, who have entered into your secrets, and the
+lamentable credulity of the times, have enabled you to attain a more
+signal and desolating success than most of your predecessors."</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span><span class="smcap">Page 44.</span> "Mahomet" &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>In the course of the trial of Joseph Smith and others, for high treason
+against the state of Missouri, George M. Hinkle testified as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"I have heard Joseph Smith say, that he believed Mahomet was a good
+man; that the Koran was not a true thing, but that the world belied
+Mahomet as they belied him, and that Mahomet was a true prophet."</p>
+
+<p>John Corrill also testified that he had heard Joseph Smith say publicly,
+"that if people molested him he would establish his religion by the
+sword; and that he would become to this generation a second Mahomet."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 47.</span> "David was in hell."</p>
+
+<p>In a report of Smith's sermon of May 16th, 1841, in the "Times and
+Seasons" of June 1st, 1841, we find the annexed passage:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Even David must wait for the times of refreshing before he can come
+forth and his sins be blotted out; for Peter speaking of him says,
+'David hath not ascended into heaven, for his sepulchre is with us
+to this day:' his remains were then in the tomb. Now we read that
+many bodies of the Saints arose at Christ's resurrection, probably
+all the Saints, but it seems that David did not. Why? because he had
+been a murderer."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 47.</span> "He descended in America and preached the Gospel to the
+Indians."</p>
+
+<p>See Book of Mormon, 5th chapter of Nephi. "And now it came to pass that
+there were a great multitude gathered together of the people of Nephi; * *
+* * <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span>and they cast their eyes up towards heaven, and behold they saw a
+man descending out of heaven; he was clothed in a white robe, and he
+came down and stood in the midst of them, and the eyes of the whole
+multitude was turned upon him, * * * and it came to pass that he
+stretched forth his hand and spake unto the people saying: 'Behold I am
+Jesus Christ of which the prophets testified that should come into the
+world, and behold I am the light and life of the world, and I have drank
+out of that bitter cup which the Father hath given me, and have
+glorified the Father, in taking upon me the sins of the world.'"</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 55.</span> "Baptism for the dead."</p>
+
+<p>Joseph Smith says in an article on this subject in the "Times and
+Seasons," for April 15th, 1842.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"What has become of our fathers? will they be damned for not obeying
+the Gospel, when they never heard it? Certainly not. But they will
+possess the same privilege that we here enjoy through the medium of
+the <i>everlasting</i> priesthood, which not only administers in earth,
+but in heaven, * * * they will come out of their prison upon the
+same principle as those who were disobedient in the days of Noah
+were visited by our Saviour, * * * and in order that they might
+fulfil all the requisitions of God, their living friends were
+baptized for their dead friends, and thus fulfilled the requirements
+of God: 'Except a man be born again of water, and of the Spirit, he
+can in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven;' they were baptized
+of course, not for themselves, but for their dead. <i>Crysostum</i> says,
+that the <i>Marchionites</i><a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> practised<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> baptism for the dead, 'after a
+catechumen was dead, they hid a living man under the bed of the
+deceased; then coming to the dead man, they asked him whether he
+would receive baptism; and he making no answer, the other answered
+for him, and said that he would be baptized in his stead,&mdash;and so
+they baptized the living for the dead."</p>
+
+<p>It appears by the above extract, that the prophet is beginning (in his
+own way) to quote the fathers.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 57.</span> "The amiable and patient missionary bishop of Missouri," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>It is pleasing to turn from Joseph Smith, to the contemplation of the
+truly estimable person in question. Bishop Kemper is of German descent;
+his immediate ancestors having emigrated from Manheim on the Rhine. For
+many years he was assistant minister to the late bishop White, in the
+parochial charge of Christ-Church, Philadelphia. He was subsequently
+elected and consecrated by the House of Bishops, as the first missionary
+bishop. The expenses of his mission are borne by the committee for
+domestic missions in the United States. He is absolutely <i>without a
+home</i>, being almost perpetually engaged in visiting various portions of
+the enormous region committed to his ecclesiastical superintendence. A
+more difficult field of missionary duty can scarcely be imagined.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 57.</span> "Kemper College."</p>
+
+<p>This institution is the most western Protestant Episcopal college in the
+world, being nearly half-way between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
+The main<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> building was completed externally during the year 1841, Bishop
+Kemper having solicited and obtained funds for the purpose, to the
+amount of twenty-five thousand dollars, from zealous Christians in New
+York and Philadelphia. In the same year a considerable amount of
+valuable books was presented to the college by pious individuals in
+England, as well as by several of the great Societies. The object of the
+college, is the preparation of young men for the ministry of the
+Protestant Episcopal Church, and, under the enlightened and active
+presidency of the Rev. E. C. Hutchinson, it bids fair ultimately to
+realize the sanguine expectations of the Church.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 57.</span> "The Mormon University."</p>
+
+<p>Under an act of the Illinois legislature, incorporating the city of
+Nauvoo, the following provisions are found:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Sec. 24. The city council may establish and organize an institution
+of learning within the limits of the city, for the teaching of the
+arts, sciences, and learned professions, to be called the
+'University of the city of Nauvoo,' which institution shall be under
+the control and management of a board of trustees, consisting of a
+chancellor, registrar, and twenty-three regents, which board shall
+thereafter be a body corporate and politic, with perpetual
+succession, by the name of the chancellor and regents of the
+university of the city of Nauvoo, * * * provided that the trustees
+shall at all times be appointed by the city council, and shall have
+all the powers and privileges for the advancement of the cause of
+education, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> appertain to the trustees of any other college or
+university of this state."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Page 58.</span> "Few attach themselves to the Church in America."</p>
+
+<p>The indifference of the poorer class of English emigrants to the Church
+of their fathers is truly lamentable. The Roman Catholic emigrant,
+however poor or friendless, retains his attachment to his faith. The
+German Lutheran is firm in his allegiance to the principles which he
+held in the land of his nativity. The same may be said of the Scottish
+Presbyterian, and of the Irish and Scottish Episcopalian. But the
+English labourer, mechanic, or small farmer, on his arrival in the
+United States, too often forgets his churchmanship, and, through
+ignorance or carelessness, readily connects himself with any schismatic
+conventicle which may be at hand.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="big">THE MORMON CREED.</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>The Mormon Creed, as published by Joseph Smith himself, is given below.
+(See "Times and Seasons," vol. iii. p. 709.)</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe in God the Eternal Father, and in his Son Jesus Christ,
+and in the Holy Ghost.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not
+for Adam's transgression.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe that through the atonement of Christ all mankind may be
+saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the gospel.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe that these ordinances are, 1st, Faith in the Lord Jesus
+Christ; 2nd, Repentance; 3rd, Baptism by immersion, for the
+remission of sins; 4th, Laying on of hands, for the gift of the Holy
+Ghost.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe that a man must be called of God by prophecy, and by
+laying on of hands by those who are in authority, to preach the
+Gospel, and administer in the ordinances thereof.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe in the same organization that existed in the primitive
+church, viz, Apostles, Prophets, Pastors, Teachers, Evangelists, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions,
+healing, interpreting of tongues, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe the Bible to be the Word of God, as far as it is
+translated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the
+Word of God.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe all that God has revealed, all that he does now reveal,
+and we believe that he will yet reveal many great and important
+things pertaining to the kingdom of God.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe in the literal gathering of Israel, and in the
+restoration of the Ten Tribes; that Zion will be built upon this
+continent; that Christ will reign personally upon the earth; and
+that the earth will be renewed, and receive its paradisaic glory.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We claim the privilege of worshipping Almighty God according to the
+dictates of our conscience, and allow all men the same privilege,
+let them worship how, where, or what they may.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe in being subject to kings, presidents,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> rulers, and
+magistrates, in obeying, honouring, and sustaining the law.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous; and
+in doing good to all men; indeed we may say that we follow the
+admonition of Paul, 'we believe all things, we hope all things;' we
+have endured many things, and hope to be able to endure all things.
+If there is anything virtuous, lovely, or of good report, or
+praiseworthy, we seek after these things."</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>Joseph Smith, by his own account, was born in the town of Sharon,
+Windsor County, Vermont (U. S.), on the 23rd of December, 1805.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">THE END.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Gilbert &amp; Rivington</span>, Printers, St. John's Square, London.</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">FOOTNOTE:</span></p>
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> This is the prophet's own orthography.</p></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained from the original.</span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Errors in punctuation have been corrected without note.</span></p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Obvious typographical errors have been changed as follows:</span></p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Page 15: <i>hav'nt</i> changed to <i>hav'n't</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Page 30: <i>intercouse</i> changed to <i>intercourse</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Page 70: the duplicate word <i>for</i> deleted</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The City of the Mormons, by Henry Caswall
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The City of the Mormons, by Henry Caswall
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The City of the Mormons
+       or, Three Days at Nauvoo, in 1842
+
+Author: Henry Caswall
+
+Release Date: June 21, 2011 [EBook #36486]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CITY OF THE MORMONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David E. Brown, Bryan Ness and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+  CITY OF THE MORMONS;
+
+  OR,
+
+  THREE DAYS AT NAUVOO,
+  IN 1842.
+
+  BY THE REV.
+  HENRY CASWALL, M.A.
+
+  AUTHOR OF "AMERICA AND THE AMERICAN CHURCH,"
+  AND PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN KEMPER COLLEGE,
+  ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.
+
+  LONDON:
+
+  PRINTED FOR J. G. F. & J. RIVINGTON,
+  ST. PAUL'S CHURCH YARD, AND WATERLOO PLACE, PALL MALL:
+  & SOLD BY W. GRAPEL, LIVERPOOL.
+
+  1842.
+
+
+
+
+                    O  merciful God,
+                    who   hast  made
+                    all   men,   and
+                    hatest   nothing
+                    that  thou  hast
+                    made:       have
+  mercy upon all Jews, Turks, Infidels, and  HERETICS,
+  and take from them all ignorance, hardness of heart,
+  and contempt of thy word;  and so  fetch them  home,
+  blessed  Lord,  TO  THY  FLOCK,  that  they  may  be
+                    saved      among
+                    the  remnant  of
+                    true Israelites,
+                    and   be    made
+                    one  fold  under
+                    one    Shepherd,
+                    Jesus     Christ
+                    our   Lord,  who
+                    liveth       and
+                    reigneth    with
+                    thee   and   the
+                    Holy     Spirit,
+                    one  God,  world
+                    without     end.
+                        A M E N.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The following narrative, the result of a few weeks' leisure on
+shipboard, is presented to the Christian public, with a deep sense, on
+the Author's part, of the iniquity of an imposture, which, under the
+name of religion, is spreading extensively in America and in Great
+Britain. Mormonism needs but to be seen in its true light to be hated;
+and if the following pages, consisting almost exclusively of the
+personal testimony of the Author, should assist in awakening public
+indignation against a cruel delusion and a preposterous heresy, he will
+consider himself amply rewarded. A History of Mormonism, from its
+commencement to the present time, may perhaps form the subject of a
+future publication.
+
+  _Liverpool, June 19, 1842._
+
+
+
+
+THE
+CITY OF THE MORMONS,
+_&c._
+
+
+The rise and progress of a new religion afford a subject of the highest
+interest to the philosophical observer. Under these circumstances human
+nature may be seen in a novel aspect. We behold the mind grasping at an
+ideal form of perfection, exulting in the imaginary possession of
+revelations, and rejoicing in its fancied intercourse with the Supreme
+Being. A new religion must, of necessity, be regarded by Christians as a
+mere imposture. Painful, however, as it is to contemplate our
+fellow-beings deceiving and deceived, it is instructive, on the one
+hand, to watch the demeanour of those who have succeeded in establishing
+a spiritual dominion, and, on the other hand, to notice the conduct of
+those who believe themselves surrounded by the full blaze of prophecy
+and miracle.
+
+Nor is the growth of a new religion a subject merely of philosophical
+curiosity. In a historical point of view it is worthy of all the light
+which careful investigation can bestow. The cause of truth imperatively
+demands that the progress of error should be diligently noted. How
+gladly should we receive the testimony of one who had been a witness of
+the early growth of the religion of Mahomet! How highly should we esteem
+an authentic account of the process by which the corrupt Christian of
+the seventh century was gradually alienated from the faith of his
+fathers, and induced to accept as divine the "revelations" of the
+Arabian impostor!
+
+To give such a testimony, to describe such a process, is within the
+power of the traveller at the present day. In Western America, amid
+countless forms of schism, a new religion has arisen, as if in
+punishment for the sins of Christendom. Like Mahometanism, it possesses
+many features in common with the religion of Christ. It professes to
+admit the inspiration of the Old and New Testaments, it even
+acknowledges the Trinity, the Atonement and Divinity of the Messiah. But
+it has cast away that Church which Christ erected upon the foundation of
+Apostles and Prophets, and has substituted a false church in its stead.
+It has introduced a new book as a depository of the revelations of God,
+which in practice has almost superseded the sacred Scriptures. It
+teaches men to regard a profane and ignorant impostor as a special
+prophet of the Almighty, and to consider themselves as saints while in
+the practice of impiety. It robs them sometimes of their substance, and
+too often of their honesty; and finally sends them, beneath a shade of
+deep spiritual darkness, into the presence of that God of truth whose
+holy faith they have denied.
+
+At the first preaching of Mormonism, sensible and religious persons,
+both in Europe and in America, rather ridiculed than seriously opposed
+it. They imagined it to be an absurd delusion, which would shortly
+overturn itself. But system and discipline, almost equal to those of
+Rome, have been brought to its aid. What was at first crude and
+undigested, has been gradually reduced to shape and proportion. At the
+present moment Mormonism numbers more than a hundred thousand adherents,
+a large portion of whom are natives of Christian and enlightened
+England.
+
+The immediate cause of my visit to Nauvoo was the following. Early in
+April, 1842, business took me to St. Louis, a city of thirty thousand
+inhabitants, situated on the western bank of the Mississippi, from which
+Kemper College is six miles distant. Curiosity led me to the river's
+side, where about forty steam-boats were busily engaged in receiving or
+discharging their various cargoes. The spectacle was truly exciting. The
+landing-place (or _levee_, as it is denominated) was literally swarming
+with life. Here a ponderous consignment of lead had arrived from Galena,
+four hundred miles to the north, and the crew were piling it upon the
+shore in regular and well-constructed layers. There a quantity of
+ploughs, scythes, and other agricultural implements, crowded the decks
+of a steamer which had just finished a westward voyage of fourteen
+hundred miles from Pittsburg. In another place, a vessel that had
+descended the rapid current of the Missouri for many hundred miles in
+an easterly direction, was landing pork and other produce of the fertile
+West; while farther down a large steam-boat from New Orleans, crowded
+with passengers from the South, having completed her voyage of twelve
+hundred miles, was blowing off the steam from her high pressure engines
+with a noise like thunder.
+
+Desiring to know something respecting the passengers in the last boat, I
+proceeded on board; and as soon as the stoppage of the steam permitted
+me to be heard, I inquired of the clerk of the boat how many persons he
+had brought from New Orleans. "Plenty of live stock," was his reply,
+"plenty of live stock; we have three hundred English emigrants, all on
+their way to join Joe Smith, the prophet at Nauvoo." I walked into that
+portion of the vessel appropriated to the poorer class of travellers,
+and here I beheld my unfortunate countrymen crowded together in a most
+comfortless manner. I addressed myself to some of them, and found that
+they were from the neighbourhood of Preston in Lancashire. They were
+decent-looking people, and by no means of the lowest class. I took the
+liberty of questioning them respecting their plans, and found that they
+were indeed the dupes of the missionaries of Mormonism. I begged them to
+be on their guard, and suggested to them the importance of not
+committing themselves and their property to a person who had long been
+known in that country as a deceiver. They were, however, bent upon
+completing the journey which they had designed, and although they
+civilly listened to my statements, they professed to be guided in
+reference to the prophet by that perverted precept of Scripture; "Prove
+all things, hold fast that which is good."
+
+From this moment I determined to visit the stronghold of the new
+religion, and to obtain, if possible, an interview with the prophet
+himself. Accordingly, on Friday evening, April 15th, I embarked on board
+the fine steamer "Republic," bound, as her advertisement assured me,
+"for Galena, Dubuque, and Prairie du Chien." I had laid aside my
+clerical apparel, and had assumed a dress in which there was little
+probability of my being recognized as a "minister of the Gentiles." In
+order to test the scholarship of the prophet, I had further provided
+myself with an ancient Greek manuscript of the Psalter written upon
+parchment, and probably about six hundred years old. Shortly after six
+o'clock our paddles were in motion, and we were stemming the rapid
+current of the "Father of waters," while the booming of our
+high-pressure engine re-echoed from the buildings and the woods along
+the shore. The passengers were principally emigrants from the eastern
+states, on their way to the new settlements in Iowa and Wisconsin. Those
+in the cabin were so numerous, that our long supper-table was three
+times replenished at our evening meal; while a still greater number
+crowded the apartments of the deck passengers. During the night we
+passed the confluence of the Missouri and the Mississippi, and in the
+morning we were pushing our way through the comparatively clear waters,
+and along the woody banks of the Upper Mississippi. Occasionally we
+passed a small village, and two or three times during the day we landed
+at some rising town; but generally the scene was one in which nature
+enjoyed undisturbed repose. The river was high from frequent rains in
+the upper country, and its surface was about one foot lower than the top
+of the verdant banks. Our cabin windows were frequently brushed by the
+branches and clustering foliage of the cotton-wood trees; the
+sugar-maple, and the sycamore, were putting forth their early leaves at
+a short distance in the background, and one dense mass of heavy timber
+covered the picturesque bluffs to their very summit. The day was
+pleasant, and I sat almost constantly upon the highest or "hurricane"
+deck, enjoying a fine prospect of the noble river and its shores. During
+the following night we continued our ascending course, and early on
+Sunday morning we were at the foot of the "Des Moines Rapids," with
+Illinois on the right hand, and Iowa on the left. The rapids prevent the
+passage of steam-boats during the greater part of the year, on account
+of the shallowness of the water and the strength of the current. As the
+river was now full, we experienced no difficulty, and slowly made our
+way against a stream running perhaps seven miles an hour. The
+Mississippi is here about a mile and a half in width, and forms a
+beautiful curve. On the western side were a number of new houses with
+gardens neatly fenced, and occupied, I was told, by Mormon emigrants who
+had recently arrived. Farther onward the bluffs of Iowa rose boldly from
+the water's edge, while on the Illinois or eastern side, as the steamer
+gradually came round the curve, the Mormon city opened upon my view. At
+length, Nauvoo in all its "latter-day glory" lay before me. The
+landing-place being difficult of access from the rapidity of the
+current, the steamer took me to Montrose immediately opposite, and
+touching for a moment, while I stepped on shore, in the next moment was
+again ploughing the descending waters.
+
+Here I was in Iowa, two hundred and thirty miles from St. Louis, fifteen
+hundred miles from the mouth of the majestic river before me, and two
+thousand miles west of New York by the ordinary course of travel. It was
+nine o'clock on Sunday morning; the sun was shining brightly, as usual
+in this region, and a strong breeze had raised a moderate swell on the
+face of the stream. No ferryman was to be found, and for a few minutes
+it was a problem how I should cross to Nauvoo. The problem was soon
+solved by the appearance of a long and narrow canoe, hewed from the
+trunk of a tree, and lying close to the bank. In this doubtful-looking
+craft, thirteen Mormons on their way to the meeting in Nauvoo, proceeded
+to take their seats. At my request they accommodated me with a place,
+and shortly afterwards pushed from the shore, and put their paddles in
+motion. They worked their way with some difficulty, until they reached
+two islands near the middle of the river. Between these there was no
+swell, and little wind; but the current ran against us through a narrow
+passage with the rapidity of a mill-race. Here I thought we should be
+effectually baffled, and more than once the canoe seemed to yield to the
+stream. At length the stout sinews of the Mormons prevailed, and we were
+again in open water. After labouring hard for more than half an hour we
+safely landed at Nauvoo.
+
+The situation of the place is rather striking. Above the curve of the
+Des Moines rapids the Mississippi makes another curve almost
+semicircular towards the east. The ground included within the semicircle
+is level, and upon this site the city has been laid out. The streets
+extend across the semicircle east and west, being limited at each
+extremity by the river. These streets are intersected at right angles by
+others, which, running northward to the river, are bounded on the south
+by a rising ground, on the summit of which the temple is in the course
+of erection. It was to this last-mentioned spot that with my companions
+I directed my steps. Having ascended the hill, I found myself close to a
+large unfinished stone building, the walls of which had advanced eight
+or ten feet above the ground. This was the Temple. The view of the
+winding Mississippi from this elevation was truly grand, and the whole
+of the lower part of the town was distinctly seen. I was informed by my
+companions that the population of Nauvoo was about ten thousand; but
+subsequent inquiry led me to place the estimate three or four thousand
+lower.
+
+The temple being unfinished, about half-past ten o'clock a congregation
+of perhaps two thousand persons assembled in a grove, within a short
+distance of the sanctuary. Their appearance was quite respectable, and
+fully equal to that of dissenting meetings generally in the western
+country. Many grey-headed old men were there, and many well-dressed
+females. I perceived numerous groups of the peasantry of old England;
+their sturdy forms, their clear complexions, and their heavy movements,
+strongly contrasting with the slight figure, the sallow visage, and the
+elastic step of the American. There, too, were the bright and innocent
+looks of little children, who, born among the privileges of England's
+Church, baptized with her consecrated waters, and taught to lisp her
+prayers and repeat her catechism, had now been led into this den of
+heresy, to listen to the ravings of a false prophet, and to imbibe the
+principles of a semi-pagan delusion.
+
+The officiating elders not having yet arrived, the congregation listened
+for some time to the performances of a choir of men and women, directed
+by one who appeared to be a professional singing-master. At length two
+elders came forward, and ascended a platform rudely constructed of
+planks and logs. One wore a blue coat, and his companion, a stout
+intemperate-looking man, appeared in a thick jacket of green baize. He
+in the blue coat gave out a hymn, which was sung, but with little
+spirit, by the congregation, all standing. He then made a few
+common-place remarks on the nature of prayer; after which, leaning
+forward on a railing in front of the platform, he began to pray. Having
+dwelt for a few minutes on the character and perfections of the
+Almighty, he proceeded in the following strain:--
+
+"We thank thee, O Lord, that thou hast in these latter days restored the
+gifts of prophecy, of revelation, of great signs and wonders, as in the
+days of old. We thank Thee that, as thou didst formerly raise up thy
+servant Joseph to deliver his brethren in Egypt, so Thou hast now
+raised up another Joseph to save his brethren from bondage to sectarian
+delusion, and to bring them into this great and good land, a land
+flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands, and which
+Thou didst promise to be an inheritance for the seed of Jacob for
+ever-more. We pray for thy servant and prophet Joseph, that Thou
+wouldest bless him and prosper him, that although the archers have
+sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him, his bow may abide in
+strength, and the arms of his hands may be made strong by the hands of
+the mighty God of Jacob. We pray also for thy holy temple, that the
+nations of the earth may bring gold and incense, that the sons of
+strangers may build up its walls, and fly to it as a cloud, and as doves
+to their windows. We pray Thee also to hasten the ingathering of thy
+people, every man to his heritage and every man to his land. We pray
+that as thou hast set up this place as an ensign for the nations, so
+Thou wouldest continue to assemble here the outcasts, and gather
+together the dispersed from the four corners of the earth. May every
+valley be exalted, and every mountain and hill be made low, and the
+crooked places straight, and the rough places plain, and may the glory
+of the Lord be revealed and all flesh see it together! Bring thy sons
+from far, and thy daughters from the ends of the earth, and let them
+bring their silver and their gold with them."
+
+Thus he proceeded for perhaps half an hour, after which he sat down, and
+the elder in green baize, having thrown aside his jacket,--for the heat
+of the sun was now considerable,--commenced a discourse.
+
+He began by stating the importance of forming correct views of the
+character of God. People were generally content with certain
+preconceived views on this subject derived from tradition. These views
+were for the most part incorrect. The common opinion respecting God made
+him an unjust God, a partial God, a cruel God, a God worthy only of
+hatred; in fact, "the greatest devil in the universe." Thus also people
+in general had been "traditioned" to suppose that divine revelation was
+confined to the old-fashioned book called the Bible, a book principally
+written in Asia, by Jews, and suited to particular circumstances and
+particular classes. On the other hand, they supposed that this vast
+continent of America had been destitute of all revelation for five
+thousand years, until Columbus discovered it, and "the good, pious,
+precise Puritans brought over with them, some two hundred years since,
+that precious old book called the Bible." Now God had promised to judge
+all men without respect of persons. If, therefore, the American
+aborigines had never received a revelation, and were yet to be judged
+together with the Jews and the Christians, God was most horribly unjust;
+and he, for his part, would never love such a God; he could only hate
+him. He said there was a verse somewhere in the Bible, he could not tell
+where, as he was "a bad hand at quoting," but he thought it was in the
+Revelation. "If it's not there," he said, "read the whole book through,
+and you'll find it, I guess, somewhere. I hav'n't a Bible with me, I
+left mine at home, as it ain't necessary." Now this verse, he proceeded
+to observe, stated that Christ had redeemed men by his blood out of
+_every_ kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation; and had made them
+unto God kings and priests. But in America there were the ruins of vast
+cities, and wonderful edifices, which proved that great and civilized
+nations had existed on this continent. If the Bible was true, therefore,
+God must have had priests and kings among those nations, and numbers of
+them must have been redeemed by the blood of Christ. Revelations from
+God must consequently have been granted to them. The Old and New
+Testaments were therefore only portions of the revelations of God, and
+not a complete revelation, nor were they designed to be so. "Am I to
+believe," said he, "that God would cast me or any body else into hell,
+without giving me a revelation?" God now revealed Himself in America
+just as truly as he had ever done in Asia. The present congregation
+lived in the midst of wonders and signs equal to those mentioned in the
+Bible, and they had the blessing of revelation mainly through the medium
+of that chosen servant of God, Joseph Smith. The Gentiles often came to
+Nauvoo to look at the prophet Joseph--old Joe, as they profanely termed
+him--and to see what he was doing; but many who came to laugh remained
+to pray, and soon the kings and nobles of the earth would count it a
+privilege to come to Nauvoo and behold the great work of the Lord in
+these latter days. "The work of God is prospering," he said, "in
+England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales; in Australia, and at the Cape of
+Good Hope, in the East and West Indies, in Palestine, in Africa, and
+throughout America, thousands and tens of thousands are getting
+converted by our preachers, are baptized for the remission of sins, and
+are selling off all they have that they may come to Nauvoo. The great
+and glorious work has begun, and I defy all earth and hell to stop it."
+
+A hymn was now sung; and afterwards a tall, thin, New-England Yankee,
+with a strong nasal twang and provincial accent, rose up, and leaning
+forward on the railing, spoke for half an hour with great volubility. He
+said that his office required him to speak of business. They were all
+aware that God had by special revelation appointed a committee of four
+persons, and had required them to build a house unto his name, such a
+one as his servant, Joseph, should show them. That the said house should
+be called the "Nauvoo House," and should be for a house of boarding:
+that the kings and nobles of the earth, and all weary travellers, might
+lodge therein, while they should contemplate the word of the Lord, and
+the corner-stone, which He had appointed for Zion. That in this house
+the Lord had said that there should be reserved a suite of rooms for his
+servant Joseph, and his seed after him from generation to generation.
+And that the Lord had also commanded that stock should be subscribed by
+the saints, and received by the committee for the purpose of building
+the house. The speaker proceeded as follows:--"Now, brethren, the Lord
+has commanded this work, and the work _must_ be done. Yes; it _shall_ be
+done--it _will_ be done. The Gentiles, the men of the world, tell us
+that such stock must pay twenty-five per cent. per annum, and the Lord
+hath required us to take stock; surely, then, when duty and interest go
+together, you will not be backward to contribute. But only a small
+amount of stock has hitherto been taken, and the committee appointed by
+the Lord have had to go on borrowing, and borrowing, until they can
+borrow no longer. In the mean time, the mechanics employed on the house
+want their pay, and the committee are not able to pay them. We have a
+boat ready to be towed up the river to the pine country, to get pinewood
+for the edifice. We have a crew engaged, and all ready to start; but we
+cannot send out the expedition without money. The committee have made
+great personal sacrifices to fulfil the commandment of the Lord: I
+myself came here with seven thousand dollars, and now I have only two
+thousand, having expended five thousand upon the work of the Lord. But
+we cannot go on in this way any longer. I call on you, brethren, to obey
+God's command, and take stock, even though you may not dress so finely
+as you do now, or build such fine houses. Let not the poor man say, I am
+too poor; but let the poor man contribute out of his poverty, and the
+rich man out of his wealth, and God will give you a blessing."
+
+During this address, I noticed some of the English emigrants whom I had
+seen a few days previously on board the steam-boat at St. Louis. They
+were listening with fixed attention, and, doubtless, considering how
+many of their hard-earned sovereigns should be devoted to the pious work
+of building a fine hotel for the prophet and his posterity. The thought
+arose in my mind, that these earnest appeals for money were designed
+mainly for the ears of the three hundred green saints who had just
+arrived.
+
+This address being concluded, two other elders followed in a similar
+strain. They spoke with great fluency, and appeared equally familiar
+with worldly business and operations in finance, as with prophecies and
+the book of Mormon. At length, having, as they supposed, wrought up the
+zeal of the congregation to a sufficient pitch, they called on all
+believers in the book of Mormon, who felt disposed to take stock, to
+come forward before the congregation, and give in their names with the
+amount of their subscriptions. Upon this appeal, there was much
+whispering among the audience; and I detected two Mormons, apparently
+from Yorkshire, in the very act of nodding and winking at each other.
+However, none came forward; and one of the elders coolly remarked,--that
+as they appeared not to have made up their minds as to the amount which
+they would take, he requested all who wished to become stockholders to
+come to his house the next afternoon at five o'clock.
+
+The elder who had delivered the first discourse now rose, and said that
+a certain brother, whom he named, had lost a keg of white lead. "Now,"
+said he, "if any of the brethren present has taken it by mistake,
+thinking it was his own, he ought to restore it; but if any of the
+brethren present has stolen the keg, much more ought he to restore it;
+or else, may be, he will get _cotched_; and that, too, within the
+corporation limits of the city of Nauvoo."
+
+Another person rose and stated that he had lost a ten-dollar bill. He
+had never lost any money before in his life; he always kept it very
+safely; but now, a ten-dollar bill had escaped from him, and if any of
+the brethren had found it, or taken it, he hoped it would be restored.
+
+A hymn was now sung, and the service (if such it may be called) having
+continued from half-past ten o'clock till two, finally concluded. As the
+congregation dispersed, I walked with the Mormon who had brought me over
+in his canoe, to see the temple. The building is a hundred and twenty
+feet in length, by eighty in breadth; and is designed to be the finest
+edifice west of Philadelphia. The Mormon informed me, that in this house
+the Lord designed to reveal unto his Church things which had been kept
+secret from the foundation of the world; and that He had declared that
+He would here restore the fulness of the priesthood. He showed me the
+great baptismal font, which is completed, and stands at the centre of
+the unfinished temple. This font is, in fact, a capacious laver,
+eighteen or twenty feet square, and about four in depth. It rests upon
+the backs of twelve oxen, as large as life, and tolerably well
+sculptured; but for some reason, perhaps mystical, entirely destitute of
+_feet_, though possessed of legs. The laver and oxen are of wood, and
+painted white; but are to be hereafter gilded, or covered with plates of
+gold. At this place baptisms for the dead are to be celebrated, as well
+as baptisms for the healing of diseases; but baptisms for the remission
+of sins are to be performed in the Mississippi. My companion told me
+that he was originally a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in
+Canada; but that he had obtained greater light, and had been led to join
+the "latter-day saints." While he was a methodist he felt that he was
+perfectly right, and could confute all other sects, except the Roman
+Catholics. These had so much of the true and ancient Church mixed up
+with their corruptions, that he could not readily confute them. Many
+passages of the Scriptures remained at that time perfectly inexplicable
+to him, and he felt that no denomination was organized exactly on the
+primitive plan. But since he had been led to embrace Mormonism, new
+light had opened upon his soul; the Scriptures had become perfectly
+clear, and he had discovered a Church entirely conformable to the
+primitive model; having the same divinely appointed ministry; the same
+miraculous gifts of healing, and the unknown tongues; the same
+prophetical inspiration; the same close intercourse with the Almighty. I
+observed, that the truth of Mormonism depended on the determination of
+the question, whether Joseph Smith was, in fact, a prophet of God. He
+replied, that the inspiration of Joseph could be proved more readily
+than that of Isaiah, Jeremiah, or Ezekiel. That Joseph had received
+revelations ever since he was fifteen years of age; and that the
+outlines of Mormonism were made known to him at a time when he could not
+possibly have planned so vast a work, or anticipated its triumphant
+success. While conversing on these subjects, we arrived at the "Nauvoo
+House," the hotel founded by "revelation." The walls are advanced about
+as much as those of the temple, and, when completed, will form a
+capacious building. Passing the prophet Smith's house, which is one of
+the best in the city, I arrived at a small, but neat, tavern, where I
+called to get dinner. An old woman, apparently the mistress of the
+house, was seated by the fire, devoutly reading the book of Mormon,
+from which she scarcely lifted her eyes as I entered. Here I found a
+decent, and probably intelligent, Scotchman. Conversing with him on the
+subject of the services which I had just witnessed, I remarked how
+greatly deficient they appeared in dignity and spirituality; and
+contrasted them with the decorous and solemn worship of the Church of
+England, and of the Scottish Kirk. I particularly referred to the keg of
+white lead and the ten-dollar bill, as well as to the derogatory manner
+in which the preacher had alluded to "the old-fashioned book called the
+Bible." Although I endeavoured to speak with mildness, the Scotchman
+replied with great warmth, that the English and Scottish Churches taught
+lies, and that their members loved lies more than truth. That all their
+solemnity was produced by hypocrisy and false doctrines respecting God.
+That the Mormons despised long faces, and all religions which required
+people to wear a sanctimonious and hypocritical exterior. He added, that
+Mormonism was making rapid progress in Scotland.
+
+From the tavern, I proceeded to the landing-place, and engaged the
+ferryman to take me over to Montrose, on the Iowa side of the river. I
+found this person to be a Mormon; and learned from him, that the ferry
+was the property of the prophet Joseph. He further informed me, that the
+number of passengers had become so considerable, that a steam ferry-boat
+had been purchased, and would soon be in operation. I afterwards found
+that his opinion of the character of his brethren, "the saints," was by
+no means flattering to them. He told a person in Montrose, that it was
+"no use to hoist a flag at Nauvoo as a signal to passengers, for it was
+sure to be stolen by the people there; they had so much of the devil in
+them."
+
+On arriving at Montrose, I went to the house of a gentleman to whom I
+had brought letters of introduction from St. Louis. This gentleman, with
+his lady and his brother, has resided many years at Montrose; and as he
+possesses the independence to resist the encroachments of the Mormons,
+and the ability to expose their designs, he has been an object of
+constant persecution since the settlement of these people in his
+vicinity. He at once desired me to make his house my home, and offered
+me every assistance in prosecuting my researches. Under his hospitable
+roof I spent a pleasant evening. His family united with me in religious
+services (for there is no place of worship in the neighbourhood); and,
+after the awful proceedings of the morning, I felt happy to be once more
+among Christians.
+
+On the following morning (Monday, April 18th), I took my venerable Greek
+manuscript of the Psalter, and proceeded to the ferry to obtain a
+passage. The boatman, being engaged to take over a family emigrating to
+Nauvoo, had provided himself with a heavy flat-boat, which promised us a
+long voyage. The family soon came on board. It consisted of a
+simple-looking American, his wife, and a numerous progeny. They had with
+them two oxen, two cows and a calf, bedding, tables, chairs, and a
+wooden clock. As we were about to push off, a traveller on horseback
+came on board, whom I found to be one of the numerous "Gentiles" induced
+by curiosity to visit the "Zion" of the West. The father of the family
+stated that he had become confounded by the conflicting doctrines of the
+sects, and imagined that in Mormonism he had finally discovered the only
+true Church. Our heavy boat was rowed up about a mile close to the Iowa
+shore. Having proceeded considerably above Nauvoo, the ferryman and his
+men began to venture out into the broad stream, in order to cross. As I
+was in haste to get over, I was permitted to take the small skiff
+alongside, and, in company with the emigrant, to pull over to Nauvoo. On
+the way, I held some conversation with my companion, and found him to be
+thoroughly wedded to his delusion. Arriving at the city, I passed along
+a straggling street of considerable length bordering on the strand.
+Perceiving a respectable-looking store (or shop), I entered it, and
+began to converse with the storekeeper. I mentioned that I had been
+informed that Mr. Smith possessed some remarkable Egyptian curiosities,
+which I wished to see. I added that, if Mr. Smith could be induced to
+show me his treasures, I would show him in return a very wonderful book
+which had lately come into my possession. The storekeeper informed me
+that Mr. Smith was absent, having gone to Carthage that morning; but
+that he would return about nine o'clock in the evening. He promised to
+obtain for me admission to the curiosities, and begged to be permitted
+to see the wonderful book. I accordingly unfolded it from the many
+wrappers in which I had enveloped it, and, in the presence of the
+storekeeper and many astonished spectators, whom the rumour of the
+arrival of a strange book had collected, I produced to view its covers
+of worm-eaten oak, its discoloured parchments, and its mysterious
+characters. Surprise was depicted on the countenances of all present,
+and, after a long silence, one person wiser than his fellows, declared
+that he knew it to be a revelation from the Lord, and that probably it
+was one of the lost books of the Bible providentially recovered. Looking
+at me with a patronizing air, he assured me that I had brought it to the
+right place to get it interpreted, for that none on earth but the Lord's
+prophet could explain it, or unfold its real antiquity and value. "Oh,"
+I replied, "I am going to England next week, and doubtless I shall find
+some learned man in one of the universities who can expound it." To this
+he answered with a sneer, that the Lord had chosen the weak things of
+the world to confound the mighty; that he had made foolish the wisdom of
+this world; and that I ought to thank Providence for having brought me
+to Nauvoo, where the hidden things of darkness could be revealed by
+divine power. All expressed the utmost anxiety that I should remain in
+the city until the prophet's return. The storekeeper offered immediately
+to send an express eighteen miles to Carthage, to hasten the return of
+Joseph. This I declined, and told him that my stay in Nauvoo must be
+very limited. They promised to pay all my expenses, if I would remain;
+and assured me that they would ferry me over the river as often as I
+desired it, free of charge; besides furnishing me with a carriage and
+horses to visit the beautiful prairies in the vicinity. At length I
+yielded to their importunities, and promised, that if they would bring
+me over from Montrose on the following morning, I would exhibit the book
+to the prophet. They were very desirous that I should remain at Nauvoo
+during the night; but as I had my fears that some of the saints might
+have a revelation, requiring them to take my book while I slept, I very
+respectfully declined their pressing invitation. They then requested to
+know where I was staying in Montrose. I mentioned the name of my
+hospitable entertainer; upon which they used the most violent language
+against him, and said that he was their bitter enemy and persecutor,
+that he was as bad as the people of Missouri, and that I ought not to
+believe a word that he said. They again pressed me most earnestly not to
+return to Montrose; but I continued firm, and expressed my intention of
+hearing both sides of the question.
+
+The storekeeper now proceeded to redeem his promise of obtaining for me
+access to the curiosities. He led me to a room behind his store, on the
+door of which was an inscription to the following effect: "Office of
+Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Latter Day Saints." Having
+introduced me, together with several Mormons, to this _sanctum
+sanctorum_, he locked the door behind him, and proceeded to what
+appeared to be a small chest of drawers. From this he drew forth a
+number of glazed slides, like picture frames, containing sheets of
+papyrus, with Egyptian inscriptions and hieroglyphics. These had been
+unrolled from four mummies, which the prophet had purchased at a cost of
+twenty-four hundred dollars. By some inexplicable mode, as the
+storekeeper informed me, Mr. Smith had discovered that these sheets
+contained the writings of Abraham, written with his own hand while in
+Egypt. Pointing to the figure of a man lying on a table, he said, "That
+is the picture of Abraham on the point of being sacrificed. That man
+standing by him with a drawn knife is an idolatrous priest of the
+Egyptians. Abraham prayed to God, who immediately unloosed his bands,
+and delivered him." Turning to another of the drawers, and pointing to a
+hieroglyphic representation, one of the Mormons said, "Mr. Smith informs
+us that this picture is an emblem of redemption. Do you see those four
+little figures? Well, those are the four quarters of the earth. And do
+you see that big dog looking at the four figures? That is the old Devil
+desiring to devour the four quarters of the earth. Look at this person
+keeping back the big dog. That is Jesus Christ keeping the devil from
+devouring the four quarters of the earth. Look down this way. This
+figure near the side is Jacob, and those are his two wives. Now do you
+see those steps?" "What," I replied, "do you mean those stripes across
+the dress of one of Jacob's wives?" "Yes," he said, "that is Jacob's
+ladder." "That is indeed curious," I remarked; "Jacob's ladder standing
+on the ground, and only reaching up to his wife's waist."
+
+After this edifying explanation, a very respectable looking Mormon asked
+me to walk over to his house. This person was one of the committee
+appointed by "revelation" to build the "Nauvoo house." He informed me
+that he had migrated from the Johnstown District in Upper Canada. He
+would have returned to that country before, had he not been desirous of
+remaining to see the wonderful works of the Lord in Nauvoo. He preferred
+Canada to the United States; and the British government was, in his
+opinion, greatly superior to that of the Americans, which he considered
+little better than an organized mob, especially in the Western States.
+He regarded a strong monarchy as essential to good government, and
+believed that this opinion was generally held among the "Saints." In the
+event of a war between England and America, England might rely upon it
+that the Mormons would not be her enemies. The Indians, too, whom the
+Americans had persecuted almost as badly as the Missourians had
+persecuted the Mormons, were decidedly friendly to England. He had
+lately been among their tribes, and had found everywhere English muskets
+bearing the date of 1839. The Indians were already making preparations
+for espousing the cause of England in a war with America. He foretold
+that great desolation was about to be inflicted on America by England,
+with the assistance of the oppressed negroes and Indians. The
+conversation was now interrupted by the entrance of numerous Mormons,
+who begged to be permitted to see and handle the wonderful book. They
+all looked upon it as something supernatural, and considered that I
+undervalued it greatly, by reason of my ignorance of its contents. It
+was in vain I assured them that a slight acquaintance with Greek would
+enable any person to decipher its meaning. They were unanimous in the
+opinion that none but their prophet could explain it; and congratulated
+me on the providence which had brought me and my wonderful book to
+Nauvoo. The crowd having cleared away, my host asked me to give my
+opinion of Nauvoo. I told him that it was certainly a remarkable place,
+and in a beautiful situation; but that I considered it the offspring of
+a most astonishing and unaccountable delusion. He said that he admired
+my candour, and was not surprised at my unbelief, seeing that I was a
+stranger to the people and to the evidences of their faith. He then
+proceeded to inform me respecting these evidences. He assured me, in the
+first place, that America had been mentioned by the prophet Isaiah. I
+begged for the chapter and verse. He pointed to the sentence,--"Woe to
+the land shadowing with wings." Now to what land could this refer, but
+to North and South America, which stretched across the world with two
+great wings, like those of an eagle? "Stop," I said; "does not the
+prophet describe the situation of the land? Observe that he says, 'it is
+beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.'" "Well," said my host, "that may be
+true; but is not America beyond Ethiopia?" "Have you a map?" I said.
+"Yes," he replied, "here is my little girl's school atlas." "Now tell
+me," I said, "where Isaiah wrote his book." "In Palestine," he answered.
+"Very well," I replied; "now tell me in what direction from Palestine is
+Ethiopia?" "South, by the map," was the reply. "In what direction from
+Palestine is America?" "West," he answered. "Now do you think that
+Isaiah, as a man of common sense, to say nothing of his prophetical
+character, would have described a country in the west, as lying _beyond_
+another which is due south?" He was silent for a moment, and then
+confessed that he had never thought of studying the Bible by the map;
+"but probably this map was wrong." I now requested him to let me know
+the number of troops composing the Nauvoo Legion. He informed me that
+they consisted at present of seventeen hundred men. He had taken the
+oath of allegiance to Queen Victoria, and on this account had not
+connected himself with the legion. The discipline of this band he
+considered superior to that of the American militia generally, but
+inferior to that of British troops, or even of the Canadian militia. He
+believed that the Mormons held many doctrines in common with the
+Irvingites and other sects in England. He cherished the belief in a
+separate place of departed spirits distinct from heaven and hell, and in
+a future restoration of all souls to the divine favour. He considered
+that when the restitution of all things takes place, the earth will be
+purified, and then transferred from its present sphere to a brighter and
+more glorious system.
+
+Having listened with due attention to the instructions of my host, I
+walked over to the store, where the storekeeper expressed his readiness
+to show me the mummies. Accordingly he led the way to a small house, the
+residence of the prophet's mother. On entering the dwelling, I was
+introduced to this eminent personage as a traveller from England,
+desirous of seeing the wonders of Nauvoo. She welcomed me to the holy
+city, and told me that here I might see what great things the Lord had
+done for his people. "I am old," she said, "and I shall soon stand
+before the judgment-seat of Christ; but what I say to you now, I would
+say on my death-bed. My son Joseph has had revelations from God since he
+was a boy, and he is indeed a true prophet of Jehovah. The angel of the
+Lord appeared to him fifteen years since, and shewed him the cave where
+the original golden plates of the book of Mormon were deposited. He
+shewed him also the Urim and Thummim, by which he might understand the
+meaning of the inscriptions on the plates, and he shewed him the golden
+breastplate of the high priesthood. My son received these precious
+gifts, he interpreted the holy record, and now the believers in that
+revelation are more than a hundred thousand in number. I have myself
+seen and handled the golden plates; they are about eight inches long,
+and six wide; some of them are sealed together and are not to be opened,
+and some of them are loose. They are all connected by a ring which
+passes through a hole at the end of each plate, and are covered with
+letters beautifully engraved. I have seen and felt also the Urim and
+Thummim. They resemble two large bright diamonds set in a bow like a
+pair of spectacles. My son puts these over his eyes when he reads
+unknown languages, and they enable him to interpret them in English. I
+have likewise carried in my hands the sacred breastplate. It is composed
+of pure gold, and is made to fit the breast very exactly."
+
+While the old woman was thus delivering herself, I fixed my eyes
+steadily upon her. She faltered, and seemed unwilling to meet my glance;
+but gradually recovered her self-possession. The melancholy thought
+entered my mind, that this poor old creature was not simply a dupe of
+her son's knavery; but that she had taken an active part in the
+deception. Several English and American women were in the room, and
+seemed to treat her with profound veneration.
+
+I produced my wonderful book. The old woman scrutinized its pages, and
+in an oracular manner assured me that the Lord was now bringing to light
+the hidden things of darkness according to his word; that my manuscript
+was doubtless a revelation which had long been hidden, and which was now
+to be made known to the world, by means of her son the prophet Joseph.
+She then directed me up a steep flight of stairs into a chamber, and
+slowly crept up after me. She showed me a wretched cabinet, in which
+were four naked mummies frightfully disfigured, and in fact, most
+disgusting relics of mortality. One she said was a king of Egypt whom
+she named, two were his wives, and the remaining one was the daughter of
+another king. I asked her by what means she became acquainted with the
+names and histories of these mummies. She replied, that her son had
+obtained this knowledge through the mighty power of God. She accounted
+for the disfigured condition of the mummies, by a circumstance rather
+illustrative of the back-woods. Some difficulty having been found in
+unrolling the papyrus which enveloped them, an axe was applied, by which
+the unfortunate mummies were literally chopped open. I requested her to
+furnish me with a "Book of Mormon." She accordingly permitted me to take
+one of the first edition belonging to her daughter Lavinia, for which I
+paid the young lady a dollar.
+
+From Mr. Smith's residence I proceeded to the Mormon printing office,
+where the official papers and "revelations" of the prophet are published
+in a semi-monthly magazine, denominated the "Times and Seasons." Here I
+purchased this magazine complete for the last year, the history of the
+persecution of the Mormons by the people of Missouri, and other
+documents of importance. The storekeeper met me at the printing-office,
+and introduced several dignitaries of the "Latter-day Church," and many
+other Mormons, to whom he begged me to exhibit my wonderful book. While
+they were examining it with great apparent interest, one of the
+preachers informed me that he had spent the last year in England, and
+that, with the aid of an associate, he had baptized in that country
+seven thousand saints. He had visited the British Museum, where he
+affirmed that he had seen nothing so extraordinary as my wonderful book.
+The Mormon authorities now formally requested me to sell them the book,
+for which they were willing to pay a high price. This I positively
+refused, and they next importuned me to lend it to them, so that the
+prophet might translate it. They promised to give bonds to a
+considerable amount, that it should be forthcoming whenever I requested
+it. I was still deaf to their entreaties, and having promised to shew
+the book to their prophet on the ensuing day, I left them and returned
+to Montrose.
+
+On arriving at the house of Mr. K. my hospitable entertainer, I was
+informed by him that the Mormons on the Iowa side of the river had been
+busily engaged in trying to find out who I was, and whence I came. They
+had generally come to the conclusion that I was a convert to Mormonism
+recently arrived from England.
+
+After tea Mr. K. provided me with a horse, and, in company with him, I
+took a delightful ride upon the prairie. The grass was of an emerald
+green, and enamelled with the beautiful wild flowers of spring. Far to
+the North West a line of bluffs seemed to bound the prairie at the
+distance of eight or ten miles, while in other directions it extended as
+far as the eye could reach. Numerous clumps of forest trees appeared at
+intervals, and herds of cattle were reposing on the grass or feeding on
+the rich herbage. The scene was one of novel and striking interest, and
+I felt pained at the reflection that so fine a region seemed destined to
+be given up to the followers of a mischievous delusion. Upon an eminence
+near Montrose, I was shewn the tomb of Kalawequois, a beautiful Indian
+girl of the tribe of Sacs and Foxes. She died recently at the early age
+of eighteen, having lingered six years in a consumption. She was buried
+on this spot by moonlight, with all the ancient ceremonies of her
+nation. Adjoining her grave was the tomb of Skutah, a full-blooded
+Indian "brave," and a distinguished warrior of the same tribe.
+
+Mr. K. stated, that previously to the arrival of the Mormons, his only
+neighbours were the Indians, with whom he lived on the most friendly
+terms. Nothing could exceed their honesty and good faith in all their
+intercourse with him: and although heathens, Mr. K. considered them
+superior in morality and common sense to the "latter-day saints." Keokuk
+is the present chief of the Sacs and Foxes, having succeeded to the
+jurisdiction on the demise of the venerable Black Hawk, who died of
+grief at the age of eighty, in consequence of the treatment experienced
+by his nation at the hands of the United States. The residence of Keokuk
+and the chief village of his tribe, are situated near the Des Moines
+river, and about a day's journey westward of Montrose. The tribe
+consisted, before the war, of about nine thousand persons, who are now
+reduced to three thousand. The two sons of Black Hawk still survive, and
+are noble and princely both in person and in character. The Indians have
+the greatest possible contempt for Joseph Smith, and denominate him a
+Tshe-wal-lis-ke, which signifies a rascal. Nor have other false prophets
+risen more highly in their estimation. A few years since, that notorious
+deceiver Matthias made his appearance one evening at the door of
+Keokuk's "waikeop," or cabin. He wore a long beard, which was parted on
+each side of his chin; a long gun was on his shoulder, and a red sash
+around his waist. Keokuk demanded who he was, to which question Matthias
+replied, that he was Jesus Christ the only true God, and that he was
+come to gather the Indians, who were of the seed of Israel. "Well," said
+Keokuk, who is a very dignified man, "perhaps you are Jesus Christ, and
+perhaps you are not. If you are Jesus Christ you cannot be killed. If
+you are not Jesus Christ, you are a rascal and deserve to be shot. Look
+at these two fine rifle pistols; they were made in New York; they never
+miss their aim. Now see me sound them with the ram-rod. They have a
+tremendously heavy charge. Now I point them at you. Now I am going to
+fire." At this Matthias suddenly bolted, being unwilling that his claims
+should be tested by so novel and so striking a mode of theological
+argument. He afterwards obtained admission, at Keokuk's request, to the
+waikeop of an old Indian man and woman who lived alone. They gave him
+supper, and when he had fallen asleep they made a fire, and watched him
+all night, believing him to be the devil, whom they had heard described
+by the Roman Catholic missionaries.
+
+These Indians have many remarkable customs. Before undertaking a war,
+their warriors fast forty days in a solitary cabin constructed of bark.
+During this period, they eat barely sufficient to keep themselves alive.
+They also sacrifice dogs; and having tied the dead bodies to trees about
+six feet above the ground, they proceed to paint the noses and stomachs
+of the victims with a deep red colour. They consult prophets, who are
+provided with sacred utensils, denominated medicine bags; and which
+contain the skins of "skunks," with other precious articles. When the
+warriors return from their fast, the people make a great feast on dogs
+which have been fattened for the occasion. None but men are allowed to
+attend. At the appointed hour, the warriors may be seen travelling to
+the rendezvous; each carrying, with great solemnity, his wooden bowl and
+wooden spoon. At the house appointed for the feast, the dead dogs are in
+readiness, together with a profusion of boiled Indian corn and beans.
+Mr. K. was present on one of these occasions, and took particular notice
+of the ceremonies. Some of the warriors began by cutting the dogs into
+equal portions, which they placed in a large iron kettle over a fire,
+and boiled for about half an hour. The remainder of the guests reclined
+upon mats on both sides of the house, while the fire burned briskly at
+the centre, the smoke escaping through an opening in the roof. The corn
+and beans were placed all round the room in wooden dishes upon the
+ground. The dog meat being sufficiently boiled, the pieces were taken
+out, and every person present received his share. A distinguished
+"brave" now arose, and made a speech; after which, a second stood up and
+repeated the monosyllable, "ugh." At this signal, all began to eat;
+holding the pieces of dog in their hands without knives or forks, and
+devouring with all their might. This feast on dogs is considered a sort
+of penance. Whoever swallows the whole of his portion is called a _big
+brave_; while those who are made sick by it, are denominated _squaws_.
+The men of this tribe enjoy themselves exceedingly at their villages
+during the winter, visiting one another with great sociability. All the
+hard work devolves upon the women, who cut down trees for firewood, make
+the fires, and minister like slaves to the comfort and luxury of their
+lords. These Indians, notwithstanding their neglect of the squaws, have
+many courteous and gentlemanly habits. They have no profane word in
+their vocabulary, and the most abusive words employed by them are
+_liar_, _rascal_, _hog_, and _squaw_. They, however, catch with facility
+the profane expressions of the whites, which they use with great
+readiness, and without understanding their signification. Thus, they
+will often employ an oath as a friendly salutation; and while kindly
+shaking hands with a friend, will curse him in cheerful and pleasant
+tones of voice.
+
+The following morning (Tuesday, April 19th), a Mormon arrived with his
+boat and ferried me over to Nauvoo. A Mormon doctor accompanied me. He
+had obtained, I was told, a regular diploma from a medical school as a
+physician; but since the Mormons generally prefer miraculous aid to
+medicine, it is probable that his practice is somewhat limited. He
+argued with me as we were on the passage, and evinced a tolerable share
+of intelligence and acuteness. The success of Mormonism in England was a
+subject of great rejoicing to him. I observed, that I had reason to
+believe that the conquests of Mormonism in Britain had been principally
+among the illiterate and uneducated. This, he partially admitted; but he
+maintained that God had always chosen the poor, for they were rich in
+faith. I replied, that the class of persons to whom he referred,
+abounded in wrong faith no less than in right faith; and that among the
+lower class of persons in England, the wildest delusions, of the most
+contradictory character, had, from time to time, been readily
+propagated. I further remarked, that the same class of people who
+believed in Joanna Southcote, might easily be persuaded to credit the
+divine mission of Joseph Smith. I begged him to inform me whether the
+Mormons believed in the Trinity. "Yes," he replied; "we believe that the
+Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Ghost is God; that makes
+three at least who are God, and no doubt there are a great many more."
+He went on to state, that the Mormons believe that departed saints
+become a portion of the Deity, and may be properly denominated "Gods."
+
+On landing at Nauvoo, I proceeded with the Doctor along the street which
+I mentioned before as bordering on the strand. As I advanced with my
+book in my hand, numerous Mormons came forth from their dwellings,
+begging to be allowed to see its mysterious pages; and by the time I
+reached the prophet's house, they amounted to a perfect crowd. I met
+Joseph Smith at a short distance from his dwelling, and was regularly
+introduced to him. I had the honour of an interview with him who is a
+prophet, a seer, a merchant, a "revelator," a president, an elder, an
+editor, and the general of the "Nauvoo legion." He is a coarse, plebeian
+person in aspect, and his countenance exhibits a curious mixture of the
+knave and the clown. His hands are large and fat, and on one of his
+fingers he wears a massive gold ring, upon which I saw an inscription.
+His dress was of coarse country manufacture, and his white hat was
+enveloped by a piece of black crape as a sign of mourning for his
+deceased brother, Don Carlos Smith, the late editor of the "Times and
+Seasons." His age is about thirty-five. I had not an opportunity of
+observing his eyes, as he appears deficient in that open,
+straightforward look which characterizes an honest man. He led the way
+to his house, accompanied by a host of elders, bishops, preachers, and
+common Mormons. On entering the house, chairs were provided for the
+prophet and myself, while the curious and gaping crowd remained
+standing. I handed the book to the prophet, and begged him to explain
+its contents. He asked me if I had any idea of its meaning. I replied,
+that I believed it to be a Greek Psalter; but that I should like to hear
+his opinion. "No," he said; "it ain't Greek at all; except, perhaps, a
+few words. What ain't Greek, is Egyptian; and what ain't Egyptian, is
+Greek. This book is very valuable. _It is a dictionary of Egyptian
+Hieroglyphics._" Pointing to the capital letters at the commencement of
+each verse, he said: "Them figures is Egyptian hieroglyphics; and them
+which follows, is the interpretation of the hieroglyphics, written in
+the reformed Egyptian. Them characters is like the letters that was
+engraved on the golden plates." Upon this, the Mormons around began to
+congratulate me on the information I was receiving. "There," they said;
+"we told you so--we told you that our prophet would give you
+satisfaction. None but our prophet can explain these mysteries." The
+prophet now turned to me, and said, "this book ain't of no use to you,
+you don't understand it." "Oh yes," I replied; "it is of some use; for
+if I were in want of money, I could sell it, and obtain, perhaps, enough
+to live on for a whole year." "But what will you take for it?" said the
+prophet and his elders. "My price," I replied, "is higher than you would
+be willing to give." "What price is that?" they eagerly demanded. I
+replied, "I will not tell you what price I would take; but if you were
+to offer me this moment nine hundred dollars in gold for it, you should
+not have it." They then repeated their request that I should lend it to
+them until the prophet should have time to translate it, and promised me
+the most ample security; but I declined all their proposals. I placed
+the book in several envelopes, and as I deliberately tied knot after
+knot, the countenances of many among them gradually sunk into an
+expression of great despondency. Having exhibited the book to the
+prophet, I requested him in return to shew me his papyrus; and to give
+me his own explanation, which I had hitherto received only at second
+hand. He proceeded with me to his office, accompanied by the multitude.
+He produced the glass frames which I had seen on the previous day; but
+he did not appear very forward to explain the figures. I pointed to a
+particular hieroglyphic, and requested him to expound its meaning. No
+answer being returned, I looked up, and behold! the prophet had
+disappeared. The Mormons told me that he had just stepped out, and would
+probably soon return. I waited some time, but in vain: and at length
+descended to the street in front of the store. Here I heard the noise of
+wheels, and presently I saw the prophet in his waggon, flourishing his
+whip and driving away as fast as two fine horses could draw him. As he
+disappeared from view, enveloped in a cloud of dust, I felt that I had
+turned over another page in the great book of human nature.
+
+The Mormons now surrounded me, and requested to know whether I had
+received satisfaction from the prophet's explanation. I replied that the
+prophet had given me no satisfaction, and that he had committed himself
+most effectually. They wished to know my own religious opinions. I
+informed them that I had been educated in the Church of England, to
+which I was conscientiously attached. One of the Mormons said that the
+Church of England had a form of godliness, but denied the power thereof,
+and that it was the duty of all men to turn away from her. I asked him
+what he understood by the _power_ of godliness. He replied, "the power
+of working miracles and of speaking in unknown tongues." He maintained
+that the Church of England denied that the gifts of the Holy Ghost are
+communicated at the present day to the people of God. I told him that he
+was mistaken, and referred him to the passages in the "Service for the
+Ordering of Priests," "Receive the Holy Ghost for the office and work
+of a Priest in the Church of God." And again,
+
+  "Thou the Anointing Spirit art,
+  Who dost thy _sevenfold gifts_ impart."
+
+And again,
+
+  "Thou in thy gifts art manifold,
+  By _them_ Christ's Church doth stand."
+
+Another said that the ministers of the Church of England were dumb dogs,
+that its bishops were regardless of the advancement of the gospel, that
+their belly was their God, and that money was their idol. I inquired
+whether he was particularly well acquainted with the English bishops and
+clergy. He replied, that he had never been out of America; but that he
+had received these accounts from travellers. I told him that I had been
+personally acquainted with many of the bishops and clergy of the English
+Church, and that his assertion was not agreeable to the truth. A
+renegade now came forward, who stated himself to have been a member of
+the Established Church of Ireland. He said that the Thirty-nine Articles
+were a bundle of inconsistencies from beginning to end. I begged him to
+specify some of the inconsistencies. He said that the first Article
+asserts that God is without body, parts, or passions; that the second
+Article teaches that Christ is God; and that the fourth Article states
+that Christ ascended into heaven with his body, flesh, and bones. Thus,
+he maintained, the fourth Article was inconsistent with the first. I
+replied, that the same charge of inconsistency might be applied to the
+Scriptures with equal fairness, and quoted the texts by which the
+doctrines of the first, second, and fourth Articles are distinctly
+proved. He flew off at once to another subject, and maintained that
+baptism in the Church of England is not valid, inasmuch as it is not
+administered by persons having authority. I asked him what constituted a
+sufficient authority. He replied, "a commission from Christ, proved by
+the possession of miraculous gifts." I said that the English clergy
+possessed a commission from Christ, which could be proved most
+conclusively, even in the absence of miraculous gifts at the present
+time. He wished to know how their commission could be proved without
+miracles. I told him that the bishops of the English Church, by whom the
+inferior clergy are ordained, are apostles just as truly as St. Barnabas
+and St. Timothy were. This statement took him altogether by surprise; he
+looked at me incredulously, and wished for proof. I presented him with a
+brief outline of the clear and simple argument for the Apostolic
+Succession, and showed him historically that bishops have been always
+consecrated by bishops from the age of inspiration to the present time;
+that the commission of our Saviour to the eleven, extending as it did
+through all time and all the world, _implied_ an apostolical succession
+till the day of judgment; that Scripture testifies to a succession of
+Apostles as long as Scripture can testify to it; and that afterwards the
+continuance of the succession is proved by a vast number of Christian
+writers down to the present time. He considered for a moment, and then
+said, that such a succession must have come through Rome; that Rome was
+the mother of harlots, and that the Church of England was the eldest of
+her numerous family of daughters. "The Church of England," said he,
+"reminds me of a story I heard about an old cow--" As he was becoming
+abusive I thought it best to check him, and seriously requested him to
+inform me whether it was an English cow or an Irish bull of which he was
+speaking. At this the younger Mormons began to laugh, and Paddy seemed
+rather disconcerted and was silent.
+
+An old American in a blue home-spun suit, and with a disagreeable
+expression in his face, now entered the lists against me. He told me
+that I was in great darkness and unbelief, and that I ought to repent,
+obey the gospel, and be baptized. I replied, that as for repentance, I
+repented every day; as for obedience, without boasting, I might claim to
+be equal to the "Latter-day Saints;" and as for baptism, I had been
+lawfully baptized by one having authority. He said that Church of
+England baptism possessed only the authority derived from Acts of
+Parliament, and that the English Church was merely a Parliament Church.
+I replied, that the English Church had a double sanction: first, that of
+Christ--who founded the Catholic Church, of which the English Church is
+a portion; and secondly, that of Parliament, by which, long after its
+foundation, it was acknowledged as the National Religion. "As for you
+Mormons," I said, "it is now my turn to say something about your
+religion, since you have spoken freely of mine. It is easy for you to
+argue as you do about the descent of the Indians from Israel, the
+probability of the restoration of miraculous powers to the Church, and
+the errors and inconsistencies of existing sects; but in regard to the
+real question at issue, on which your religion depends, namely, the
+inspiration of your prophet, you have given me no satisfaction
+whatever." They requested me to state what evidence I should consider
+satisfactory. I replied, "When the Jewish dispensation was to be
+introduced, God enabled Moses to work great wonders with his rod. God
+smote a mighty nation with miraculous plagues. He divided the Red Sea
+and the River Jordan. He came down on Mount Sinai amid clouds and
+lightnings and the terrific sound of the trumpet of heaven. He caused
+Moses to strike the rock and the waters gushed forth. He rained down
+manna for the space of forty years in the wilderness. Again, when the
+Christian dispensation was to be established, Christ walked upon the
+waters; He controlled the winds and the waves; He fed assembled
+thousands with a few loaves and fishes; He healed the sick; He opened
+the eyes of the blind; He brought the dead to life; and finally, He
+raised Himself from the grave.
+
+"You maintain that your prophet is sent to establish a third
+dispensation. I demand, therefore, what signs are given to prove his
+commission?"
+
+The old man replied, that the healing of the sick, the casting out of
+devils, and the speaking of unknown tongues, were very frequent in the
+"Latter-day Church." I said that signs of that kind were of a very
+doubtful description, since the imagination possessed great power over
+the nervous system. I inquired whether Smith had ever walked across the
+Mississippi, or brought a dead man to life, He replied in the negative;
+but said, that among them the blind received their sight, and the ears
+of the deaf were opened. I then observed, "You perceive that I am rather
+deaf, and you say that I have no faith. Now can you open my ears so that
+I may hear your arguments more distinctly?" Immediately the old man
+stepped forward, and before I was aware of his object, thrust his
+fore-fingers into my ears, and lifting up his eyes, uttered for about a
+minute in a loud voice some unintelligible gibberish. "There," he said
+finally, "the Holy Ghost prompted me to do that, and now you have heard
+the unknown tongue." "But my hearing is not improved," I said. "That,"
+he replied, "is because you have no faith. If ever you believe the Book
+of Mormon, you will immediately recover perfect hearing, through the
+gift of the Holy Ghost." I looked at him somewhat severely and said,
+"Take care, old man, what you say. When you employ the names of Father,
+Son, and Holy Ghost, you should speak with awe and reverence; but you
+and other Mormons here, as far as I have observed, employ the most
+sacred terms with the most disgusting levity. How miserable, how barren
+were your services on last Sunday; how cold your worship, how utterly
+unedifying and farcical your preaching. The Holy Ghost was manifestly
+absent from your assembly, which resembled a Jewish Synagogue more than
+a Christian congregation. There was no Bible, there was no Lord's
+Prayer, there were no motives presented to humiliation,
+self-examination, or any branch of devotion; nothing but senseless
+speculations on the character of God, idle assertions of special
+revelations and miraculous gifts, and disgraceful advertisements of
+stolen goods." Here they interrupted me and said, that their preachers
+did not need the Bible, being inspired by the Holy Ghost. "No," I said,
+"it is not inspiration, it is a Satanic delusion. Your prophet has
+committed himself to-day, and I will make the fact known to the world.
+Would you believe a man calling himself a prophet, who should say that
+black is white?" "No," they replied. "Would you believe him if he should
+say that English is French?" "Certainly not." "But you heard your
+prophet declare, that this book of mine is a Dictionary of Egyptian
+hieroglyphics, written in characters like those of the original Book of
+Mormon. I know it most positively to be the Psalms of David, written in
+ancient Greek. Now what shall I think of your prophet?" They appeared
+confounded for a while; but at length the Mormon doctor said, "Sometimes
+Mr. Smith speaks as a prophet, and sometimes as a mere man. If he gave a
+wrong opinion respecting the book, he spoke as a mere man." I said,
+"Whether he spoke as a prophet or as a mere man, he has committed
+himself, for he has said what is not true. If he spoke as a prophet,
+therefore, he is a false prophet. If he spoke as a mere man, he cannot
+be trusted, for he spoke positively and like an oracle respecting that
+of which he knew nothing. You have talked to me very freely respecting
+the Church to which I belong; but I hardly like to tell you what I think
+respecting your religion, lest I should hurt your feelings." "Speak
+out," said some. "Go on," said others. "If Smith be not a true prophet,"
+I said, "you must admit that he is a gross impostor." "We must," they
+replied. "Then I will freely tell you my opinion, so that you may not
+think that I intend to say at a distance what I would not say in Nauvoo
+itself. I think it likely that most of you are credulous and ignorant,
+but well-meaning persons, and that the time at least _has_ been when you
+desired to do the will of God. A knot of designing persons, of whom
+Smith is the centre, have imposed upon your credulity and ignorance, and
+you have been most thoroughly hoaxed by their artful devices. Mahomet
+himself was a gentleman, a Christian, and a scholar, when compared with
+your prophet. And oh! how mournful to look round, as I can at present,
+and to reflect, how many have been drawn away from their homes, dragged
+across earth and sea, and brought to this unwholesome spot, where, with
+the loss of substance and of health, they are too often left to perish
+in wretched poverty and bitter disappointment." One of the Mormons who
+had listened attentively to what I said, now remarked with some
+solemnity of manner, "If we are deceived, then are we of all men the
+most miserable." "Indeed I believe you are most miserable," I replied,
+"and I pity you from the very bottom of my heart. And oh! how gladly
+would I see you delivered from this awful delusion, and returning to the
+bosom of that holy Catholic Church, from which many of you have
+apostatized. There you may find plain and honest teaching, without these
+lying signs and wonders. There you may find holy and solemn services
+fitted for the edification of the people of God. There you may find a
+true baptism, a true communion, true gifts of the Holy Ghost, and true
+ministers who descend in one unbroken line from the Apostles sent forth
+by Christ Himself." Several of them now said that faith is the gift of
+God, that God had promised to give wisdom to those who should ask it;
+that they had prayed to God to guide them into all truth, and that He
+had led them to believe in the book of Mormon. I replied that God had
+appointed certain means of ascertaining the truth, and that if we
+neglect those means it will be vain to pray to Him for guidance. Thus He
+had declared his Church to be the pillar and ground of truth. But it was
+evident that they had not built upon the true ground, for they had
+attached themselves not to the apostolic Church, but a sect barely
+fifteen years old. The old man in blue now told me that they pitied me
+as much as I pitied them. "Come, my friend," he said to me, "let you and
+I go down to the Mississippi, only let me put you under the water and
+baptize you, and when you come up again, you will see all mysteries
+clearly, and will believe in our great signs and wonders." I told him in
+reply, that to submit to such a baptism would be almost the greatest
+sacrilege which a Christian could commit. "I must now leave you," I
+proceeded, "I have been among you three days; I have expressed my
+sentiments freely respecting your religion and your prophet, and I
+heartily thank you that you have listened to me with attention, and that
+although you have had me altogether in your power, you have not put me
+under the Mississippi and kept me there."
+
+I walked to the ferry with the Mormon who had brought me over in the
+morning, the Mormon doctor, and one or two others. When we arrived at
+the boat we found it safe, as it had been carefully padlocked in the
+morning. The oars, however, were missing, a circumstance which caused
+great vexation to the owner. He exclaimed "My oars are gone; somebody
+has hooked my oars." "Who has taken your oars?" I asked. "Some of the
+boys, I guess," he replied. "What! some of the young Latter-day Saints?"
+I said. "I guess it was," he answered. "But do not the young saints
+learn the ten commandments," I demanded, "and especially the eighth,
+'Thou shalt not steal?'" "I guess they know them all," the poor man
+answered, "but any how they don't practise them." Accordingly he took a
+piece of board in his hands, and having given another piece to one of
+his companions, he proceeded rather awkwardly to paddle across the wide
+and rapid stream. A third piece of board was given to the doctor, who
+sat with me in the stern, to be used as a rudder. For some time we
+advanced tolerably well; but before long the doctor began to argue with
+me vehemently. He said that no man could obtain salvation, who devoted
+so little attention to the truth of God as I had done; and that instead
+of spending only three days, I ought to have remained at least three
+weeks at Nauvoo. I told him that I had seen quite enough to convince any
+person of ordinary understanding, that Smith was an impostor. He replied
+that Smith might be as bad as he was reported to be, but that his
+prophecies would not thereby be proved false. He might be a swindler, a
+liar, a drunkard, a swearer, and still be a true prophet. David was a
+murderer and an adulterer, and yet was a true prophet. St. Peter said
+that even in his time "David had not yet ascended into heaven." David
+was in hell, for no murderer had eternal life abiding in him. So Smith
+might be as infamous as David was, and even deny his own revelations,
+and turn away from his religion, and go to hell; but this would not
+affect the revelations which God had given by him. It was in vain that I
+attempted to correct the doctor's false positions; the stream of his
+eloquence had begun to flow, and, finally, I suffered it to flow
+unchecked. He said that the truth of Mormonism did not depend on the
+character of Smith or of any other man. That our Lord had told the Jews
+that there were other sheep, not of that fold, whom He intended to
+bring, and that in accordance with this declaration, after his ascension
+into heaven, He descended again in America and preached the Gospel to
+the Indians, as the veracious history of the book of Mormon assured us.
+That for his own part, his faith had been produced solely by the power
+of God, and that if he was deceived, God Almighty had deceived him, and
+no other. "I was once an honest Atheist," he proceeded, "I felt that
+Christianity could not be true, since Christians have not yet decided
+among themselves what Christianity is. I was induced by curiosity to
+listen to the preaching of a Mormon elder. My attention was strongly
+arrested; I began to believe in God, and for many weeks and months was
+earnest in my prayers to Him for a knowledge of the truth. After the
+space of six months, I was one night lying awake in my bed meditating,
+when suddenly a conviction of the reality of the Christian religion
+flashed upon my mind like lightning. I saw the truth of the Scriptures
+and of the book of Mormon. I felt powerfully convinced that the
+prophecies of Joseph Smith were from God. At the same time I was filled
+with a supernatural extasy which resembled heaven itself. I could not
+restrain my feelings, but cried out, O my God, if it be thus to be
+baptized with the Holy Ghost, what must it be to be baptized with fire!
+From that time I have been a member of the 'Latter-day Church,' and,
+believe me, I would rather be an honest Atheist again, than embrace the
+doctrines of any of the sects. If the religion which I profess be false,
+there is no true religion upon earth."
+
+The doctor's zeal had so completely carried him away, that he quite
+forgot his duty as helmsman. The boat was now about the middle of the
+Mississippi, and after sundry tortuous windings, seemed about to return
+to Nauvoo. The poor fellows who were paddling with the boards
+complaining of the doctor's steering, I volunteered to take the helm,
+and the medical gentleman forthwith resigned his piece of board into my
+hands. The skiff now proceeded with a straight course, and we shortly
+landed in Iowa. The doctor, on parting from me, complimented me somewhat
+equivocally on my seamanship, by observing, that if I knew the way of
+salvation as well as I knew how to steer, I might have a good chance of
+getting to heaven.
+
+During the remainder of the day, I employed myself in obtaining
+testimony from persons residing in Iowa in reference to the conduct and
+character of their Mormon neighbours. I have every reason to believe
+that this testimony is correct, partly because it agrees with what I
+myself saw and heard in Nauvoo, and partly on account of the character
+and respectability of the witnesses.
+
+The reader must have already inferred from my description, that the
+false prophet himself is a coarse and gross personage, by no means
+punctilious in regard to truth. The following facts related by actual
+witnesses will not therefore appear incredible.
+
+Before the Mormons settled in the vicinity, no shop for the sale of
+spirituous liquors had been established in Montrose. After their arrival
+two of their preachers commenced a grog-shop in that place, which was
+principally supported by the "Latter-day Saints." In September 1841, the
+prophet being in Montrose, became intoxicated at this shop. While in
+this condition he told the by-standers "that he could drink them all
+drunk," and requested the shop-keeper to treat all his friends at his
+expense.
+
+On another occasion, having been discharged from arrest, through
+informality in the writ requiring his apprehension for high treason
+against the State of Missouri, Smith gave a party at Monmouth, and,
+after a regular frolic with his lawyers and friends, became thoroughly
+intoxicated. On being asked how it was that he, a prophet of the Lord,
+could get drunk, he replied, that it was necessary that he should do so,
+in order to prevent his followers from worshipping him as a God.
+
+While intoxicated at Montrose, at another time, he was heard by
+several persons saying to himself, "I am a P.R.O.F.I.T. I am a
+P.R.O.F.I.T."--spelling (or rather mis-spelling) the word deliberately,
+and repeating the letters in solemn succession.
+
+About two years since, at a political convention held in Nauvoo, the
+prophet became intoxicated, and was led home by his brother Hyrum. On
+the following Sunday, he acknowledged the fact in public. He said that
+he had been tempted, and had drunk too much; but that he had yielded to
+the temptation for the following reason:--Several of the elders had got
+drunk, and had never made confession; but he was desirous of getting
+drunk and confessing it, in order to set the elders a good example.
+
+The language of the prophet is gross in the extreme. A Mormon, for
+example, having made some remarks derogatory to "the elect lady," Mrs.
+Smith, the prophet was dreadfully exasperated. He endeavoured to find
+out the name of the offender; but, being unable to do so, he alluded to
+the subject in a sermon, preached in the open air, at Montrose, on the
+9th of May, 1841. He said, "I hope I may never find out that person; for
+if I do, my appetite shall never be satisfied till I have his blood; and
+if he ever crosses my threshold I will send him to hell."
+
+I have already stated some circumstances which may appear to reflect on
+the common honesty of some of the Mormons. Mr. K. mentioned that he had
+lived five years among heathen Indians, and had never been robbed by
+them of the most trifling article. During the three years which have
+elapsed since the settlement of the Mormons at Montrose and Nauvoo,
+_fourteen robberies_, to the amount of two thousand dollars, have been
+committed upon his property. 1st, His store was robbed of goods worth
+five hundred dollars; 2nd, his warehouse was plundered of one barrel of
+pork, two barrels of sugar, and five kegs of lard; 3rd, his smoke-house
+was despoiled of thirty-three hams and eleven shoulders; the 4th robbery
+deprived him of a barrel and a half of salt; the 5th, of another barrel
+of salt; the 6th, of a saddle, bridle, and martingale, which were taken
+from his stable; 7thly, four wheels were taken from his waggon; 8thly,
+three saddles and bridles and a martingale from his stable; 9thly, sixty
+bushels of wheat from his granary; 10thly, six boxes of glass, a hundred
+and fifty pounds of bacon, and two boxes of axes, from his warehouse;
+11th, six more barrels of salt; 12th, between three and four hundred
+bushels of Indian corn; 13th, one wheel was stolen from his chariot
+within an enclosure; and, 14th, his store was robbed of forty-two pieces
+of dark prints, five or six pieces of satinette, and other articles,
+worth about four hundred dollars.
+
+Joseph Smith, alluding to these robberies in a sermon, said that he "did
+not care how much was taken from Mr. K. and his brother." He cited the
+example of Christ and his apostles, who, he said, when hungry, scrupled
+not to steal corn while walking in the fields. He added the following
+words,--"The world owes me a good living; if I cannot get it otherwise,
+I will steal it, and catch me at it if you can."
+
+He has, however, thought fit to disavow these principles. In the "Times
+and Seasons" of Dec. 1, 1841, we have the following official document:
+
+  "State of Illinois, } SS.
+  Hancock County.     }
+
+"Before me, John C. Bennett, Mayor of the City of Nauvoo, personally
+came Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of
+Latter-day Saints (commonly called Mormons), who, being duly sworn
+according to law, deposeth and saith, that he has never, directly or
+indirectly, encouraged the purloining of property, or taught the
+doctrine of stealing, or any other evil practice; and that all such
+vile and unlawful acts will ever receive his unqualified and
+unreserved disapproval, and the most vigorous opposition of the
+Church over which he presides; and further this deponent saith not.
+
+  "JOSEPH SMITH,
+
+  "President of the Church of Latter-day
+  Saints."
+
+After this follows an account of two unlucky Mormons, who seem to be
+selected as scape-goats. Being officers of the Nauvoo legion, they are
+tried by court martial, found guilty of theft, and sentenced to be
+cashiered. Joseph Smith solemnly approves of this sentence, and the
+proceedings are published in the "Times and Seasons." About the same
+time, five Mormons are gazetted as being expelled from the church for
+larceny.
+
+The following circumstance was mentioned as a specimen of the manner in
+which these singular heretics endeavour to rid themselves of the
+imputation of thievishness universally cast upon them. In the winter of
+1841, a Mormon was committed to the penitentiary on a charge of
+horse-stealing. Upon this, the "Saints" denied that he was a Mormon. Two
+Mormon preachers, however, offered themselves as bail for the prisoner,
+and having effected his liberation, speedily decamped. When the spring
+session of the court of Lee County for 1842 had arrived, it appeared
+that the accused had followed their example, for neither he nor his
+securities were to be found.
+
+The sufferings experienced by many of the English emigrants at Nauvoo
+were described as truly appalling. Nauvoo is one of the most unhealthy
+spots on the Mississippi, between New Orleans and the Falls of St.
+Anthony. This insalubrity is produced by the low islands adjoining the
+city, which are frequently overflowed. Sufficient evidence of the
+unhealthiness of the place is furnished in the following extract from a
+"revelation given to Joseph Smith, January 19th, 1841," and published in
+the "Times and Seasons" for June 1st, 1841:
+
+"Verily thus saith the Lord unto you, my servant, Joseph Smith,--I am
+well pleased with your offerings and acknowledgements which you have
+made; for unto this end have I raised you up, that I might show forth my
+wisdom through the weak things of the earth. * * * * * Let no man go
+from this place who has come here _a_ssaying to keep my commandments. If
+they live here, let them live unto me, and if they die, let them die
+unto me; for they shall rest from all their labour here, and shall
+continue their works. Therefore, let my servant William put his trust in
+me, and cease to fear concerning his family, because of the sickness of
+the land. If ye love me, keep my commandments, and the sickness of the
+land shall redound to your glory."
+
+I was informed again and again in Montrose, that nearly half of the
+English who emigrated to Nauvoo in 1841 died soon after their arrival.
+Far from the graves of their fathers, remote from the ministers of the
+true faith, they ended their days in want and wretchedness, and were
+buried without that respectful solemnity which in England is not denied
+even to the pauper from the workhouse.
+
+In his sermon of the 9th of May, 1841, the following words of _most
+Christian consolation_ were delivered by the prophet to the poor deluded
+English.
+
+"Many of the English who have lately come here have expressed great
+disappointment on their arrival. Such persons have every reason to be
+satisfied in this beautiful and fertile country. If they choose to
+complain, they may; but I don't want to be troubled with their
+complaints. If they are not satisfied here, I have only to say this to
+them,--Don't stay whining about me, but go back to England and be d--d."
+
+One of Joseph's missionaries, having returned from a mission to England,
+preached a sermon at Nauvoo on Sunday, July 4th, 1840. Having given an
+account of his proceedings during his absence, and alluded to the
+converts whom he had persuaded to settle near Nauvoo, he proceeded to
+speak as follows:--"I have not had an opportunity to visit these English
+brethren since my return. I cannot spend my time in visiting them. If
+they are as much dissatisfied as they are said to be, I have only this
+to say to them,--You had better go back to England; but if you go, go
+like men and be d--d, and don't whine about it."
+
+The Secretary for the territory of Iowa was present on this occasion,
+and remarked to my informant, that he was astonished at hearing these
+expressions from the very man who had brought these poor people a
+distance of six thousand miles.
+
+The method in which the Mormons baptize is a perfect burlesque on the
+holy initiatory sacrament of the gospel. On one occasion, a hundred and
+sixty-five persons were baptized by immersion at Nauvoo, some for the
+remission of sins, and some for their deceased friends, which is their
+baptism for the dead. This business was done by seven elders, who
+enjoyed it as a capital frolic. One of these elders baptized a woman six
+times during the same day. Not satisfied with this, she presented
+herself a seventh time, when the elder jocosely remarked, "What! haven't
+you got wet enough already?" A very tall man offering himself, the
+elder, who is very stout, laughed aloud, and said, "I am the only one
+big enough to put tall chaps like you under water."
+
+The Christian reader will feel that he has now had enough of these awful
+profanations; and I assure him that nothing but a sense of the duty of
+exposing imposture could have induced me to commit them to paper. A mere
+selection from the sayings, writings, and doings of the leading Mormons,
+equal to the preceding in horrid wickedness, would fill volumes. Enough
+has been said, however, to prove that Mormonism is associated in the
+minds of its most zealous advocates with dispositions and actions the
+very reverse of those which are inculcated by the Gospel, and exhibited
+in the example of Jesus Christ.
+
+In the evening subsequent to my last visit to Nauvoo, I walked by the
+western banks of the noble Mississippi. Beside me flowed its smooth
+waters, undisturbed by the slightest ripple. On the eastern bank the
+rays of the setting sun were reflected from the windows of Nauvoo, and
+his parting beams illuminated the white dwellings of the prophet and his
+followers. It was a time adapted to serious reflection. I felt
+convinced, that palpable as are the absurdities of Mormonism, it is a
+system which possesses many elements of strength, and of extension. When
+the present generation of deceivers and of dupes shall have gone to
+their graves, a new class of Mormons may have arisen, educated in the
+principles of the sect, and taught by experience to disavow some
+features in their religion which are at present its shame and its
+disgrace. They may consign Joseph Smith to perdition, together with the
+sweet Psalmist of Israel; while his doctrines, somewhat refined, may be
+a rule of faith and action to admiring millions. It remains (under God)
+for Christians of the present day to determine whether Mormonism shall
+sink to the level of those fanatical sects which, like new stars, have
+blazed for a little while, and then sunk into obscurity; or whether,
+like a second Mahometanism, it shall extend itself sword in hand, until,
+throughout western America, Christianity shall be levelled with the
+dust.
+
+And how shall Christians effectually avert the calamity? I reply, by
+encouraging the feeble and infant Christian institutions already
+existing in that wonderful land which Mormonism, even now, claims as
+its own. As a Churchman, I feel almost ashamed for my Church, when I
+reflect upon the heavy discouragements which are suffered to afflict the
+amiable and patient missionary bishop of Missouri, Iowa, and Wisconsin.
+Where are the zealous missionaries who should be flocking to his
+assistance? Where are the means which should be provided for the support
+of a learned clergy in the rising cities of the west? Why is Kemper
+College, the first and only institution of the Church beyond the
+Mississippi, permitted to languish, while the Mormon temple, and the
+Mormon university, offer their delusive attractions to the rising
+generation? Why is the venerable bishop of Illinois permitted to labour
+almost alone, while the missionaries of Joseph Smith, with a zeal worthy
+of the true Church, perambulate his diocese and plant their standard in
+every village?
+
+If the Churches of England and America possessed the activity of the
+Mormons, questions like the above would soon be needless. Churchmen
+would contribute from their poverty as well as from their riches;
+churches would be erected, missionaries maintained, and colleges in
+which a learned clergy could be educated, would be liberally endowed.
+Fanaticism, no longer rampant, would hide itself in the darkest recesses
+of the forest; while pure and genuine religion would be the comfort of
+the weary emigrant, and the faithful guide of the fifty millions who,
+doubtless, before another century, will occupy the valley of the
+Mississippi.
+
+How present exigencies shall be met, is a question worthy of the careful
+consideration of all, both in England and America, who are solicitous
+for the advancement of truth and piety. The appointment of a
+self-denying missionary to reside in the immediate vicinity of Nauvoo,
+might in some degree check the rising heresy. Such a missionary should
+be thoroughly acquainted with the Mormon controversy; patient, willing
+to endure contradiction and persecution, and able to accommodate himself
+readily to all circumstances, and to all classes of people. Those who
+become disgusted with Mormonism might thus be saved from embracing
+Atheism; the poor disappointed English might be relieved, encouraged,
+and restored to the Church of their fathers; the progress of the
+delusion might be closely watched, and the artifices of its leaders duly
+exposed.
+
+It is also worthy of remark, that the success of Joseph Smith appears to
+warrant a system of emigration and settlement conducted on religious
+principles. The notorious Owen, as is well known, attempted the
+establishment of an Infidel community at New Harmony, in Indiana, and
+totally failed. Joseph Smith has availed himself of the religious
+principle natural to man, and has triumphantly succeeded. If a false
+faith has thus prevailed, true religion might accomplish wonders.
+Whatever may be said, and much may be said with truth, respecting the
+superior claims of the British colonies, it is certain that a vast
+proportion of those who emigrate from Great Britain and Ireland, proceed
+to the United States. Numbers of these have been educated in the
+principles of the Established Church; and yet, from various causes, few
+of them comparatively attach themselves to the Church in America. Many
+connect themselves with various dissenting denominations; while still
+more, it is to be feared, sink into heartless apathy and irreligion. But
+we will suppose that a large body of members of the Church determine
+upon emigrating, on a system which shall secure mutual co-operation and
+religious fellowship. Before leaving home, the outlines of their plan
+are fixed: they are accompanied by a sufficient number of well-educated
+pastors and teachers: they purchase a district of four or five thousand
+acres in a healthy portion of Iowa, for example: they obtain from the
+legislature charters for a city, a college, and a church, respectively:
+they erect their own dwellings upon a handsome and tasteful design: they
+elect a mayor and a corporation for their rising city. A substantial
+Church is built, which may afterwards form one wing of a noble Gothic
+Cathedral. Schools and teachers are provided for the children,
+professors are appointed for the college, libraries are commenced, and
+halls are erected. Allotments of land are set aside for the perpetual
+maintenance of religion and Christian education. The clergy, if
+sufficiently numerous, elect, with the approbation of the laity, some
+learned and active man as their bishop, who is afterwards duly
+consecrated by the authorities of the American Church. The Church now
+appears in its fulness and dignity; and missionaries go forth from the
+city, in sincerity and truth, to traverse the land and to convert its
+inhabitants.
+
+This is not a chimerical idea, it is a sketch of what might be realized
+with little difficulty. Discouragements would occasionally arise; but
+ultimately, with proper management, such a plan would undoubtedly
+succeed. A new point of attraction would thus be presented to European
+and American emigrants, and the power of the false prophet would be
+shaken to its foundation.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+PAGE 2. "Amid countless forms of schism."
+
+Bishop Kemper gives the following information on this subject, in a
+recent appeal to the European Churches.
+
+  "Under a canon of the Protestant Episcopal Church, passed in the
+  year 1835, I was consecrated a missionary Bishop for Indiana and
+  Missouri, to which were afterwards added Wisconsin, Iowa, and the
+  country beyond the Mississippi, extending southward to latitude 36 deg.
+  30', northward to the British possessions, and westward to the
+  Pacific Ocean. This region contains a million of square miles, a
+  million and a quarter of white and negro inhabitants, and numerous
+  Indian tribes amounting in population to not less than three hundred
+  thousand souls. I proceeded forthwith to my field of labour, and
+  found many members of our Catholic and Apostolic Church straying
+  from her fold through the want of pastors. Romanism, heresy, schism,
+  infidelity, paganism, and a new religion--known as Mormonism,
+  extensively pervading the land; and not more than six or seven
+  clergymen of our church scattered at wide intervals over this
+  prodigious surface. I also found that about thirty thousand
+  emigrants from Europe annually settled within my jurisdiction, a
+  large proportion of whom were members of the Reformed Churches of
+  Great Britain, Germany, Prussia, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, in
+  addition to a vast influx of settlers from the eastern parts of the
+  United States, and British America."
+
+Speaking of the Roman Catholics, the Bishop says,
+
+  "Within the bounds of my mission, where I have (1841) but
+  twenty-three fellow-labourers, they have three bishops, and one
+  hundred and six priests. They annually receive large funds from
+  Vienna, Lyons, &c., by which they are enabled to erect splendid
+  cathedrals, extensive colleges, large convents, and substantial
+  stone churches. In St. Louis alone they have a large cathedral,
+  which cost, it is said, eighty thousand dollars, to which, beside
+  the bishop, there are attached four clergymen, who preach and
+  catechise every Sunday in English, French, and German. They have
+  also four chapels, and a splendid church, as yet unfinished, one
+  hundred and twenty feet in length, and eighty in width. The present
+  position of their diocese of St. Louis is as follows:--fifty-six
+  churches, nine churches building, sixty other stations,
+  seventy-three clergymen, two ecclesiastical seminaries, two colleges
+  for young men, one academy for boys, ten female convents, ten
+  academies for young ladies, four schools, and eight charitable
+  institutions."
+
+
+PAGE 3. "A New Book."
+
+The Book of Mormon contains five hundred and eighty-eight duodecimo
+pages, consisting of fifteen different books, purporting to be written
+at different times, and by different authors, whose names they
+respectively bear. The period of time covered by these spurious records
+is about a thousand years, commencing with the time of Zedekiah, and
+terminating with the year of our Lord 420. It professes to trace the
+history of the American aborigines, from the time of their leaving
+Jerusalem in the reign of Zedekiah, under one Lehi, down to their final
+disaster near the hill Camorah, in the state of New York, in which
+contest, according to "the prophet Moroni," about 230,000 were slain in
+a single battle, and he alone escaped to tell the tale. These records,
+with which various prophecies and sermons are intermingled, are declared
+by Smith to have been written on golden plates, in "the reformed
+Egyptian character," and discovered to him by an angel in the year 1823.
+An English edition of the Book of Mormon, _revised and corrected_, has
+been published at Manchester, for the benefit of British "Saints."
+
+
+PAGE 4. "a large portion of whom are natives of Christian and
+enlightened England."
+
+I am permitted by a clergyman of the diocese of Chester to give the
+following extracts from a letter, addressed by him to me, February 4th,
+1842.
+
+  "For your very kind and satisfactory information as to that
+  arch-impostor, Joe Smith, I most cordially thank you. Mormonism is a
+  heresy of a very dangerous and disgraceful tendency; and I am sorry
+  to add, it has produced effects already in some parishes in England
+  which, in this enlightened age, one could scarcely imagine possible.
+  They first of all laid their blasphemous scheme at Preston, in
+  Lancashire, after taking out a licence at the quarter sessions. This
+  occurred about the year 1836 or 37; and they soon numbered in that
+  locality nearly 500 converts. In 1838, they extended their
+  iniquitous operations to various villages on each side of the
+  Ribble. At Ribchester, the famous Roman station of Ribcunium, they
+  seduced many; and the same results followed in other places nearer
+  Clitheroe. Since that time, itinerant preachers among the Methodists
+  and Calvinists have joined the unholy compact; and even farmers,
+  labourers, mechanics, and others,--in short, whoever among them
+  could supply the _needful_,--have been persuaded to sell their
+  property, and emigrate to Nauvoo. In 1838, every Mormon in one
+  village, and in other villages probably the same, received a
+  certificate, or passport, of which the following is a copy:
+
+    "We do hereby certify that A. B., the bearer of this, is a regular
+    member, and in good standing and fellowship, in the Church of the
+    Latter-day Saints in Waddington, and is a worthy member of the same;
+    and as a token also of our love and good will, we give unto him this
+    letter of commendation to the esteem and fellowship of the Saints,
+    in any land or country to which he may be pleased to remove.
+
+    "_March 29,
+    1838._
+
+    "H. C. KIMBALL,
+    "ORSON HYDE,
+    "Presiding Elders of said Church.
+
+    "This will be called for."
+
+Three hundred of these certificates were printed at Clitheroe, by which
+speculation about L15 were realized.
+
+The way in which a Mormon prophecy is given to produce effect on the
+converts, is artfully designing. A young man, for instance, is immersed.
+After his immersion, the elders write a letter, unknown to the proselyte
+himself. As long as he remains faithful, all is right; the letter
+remains carefully sealed, and is kept by third parties. If he leaves
+them, a meeting of all the Mormons in the neighbourhood takes place, the
+letter is brought out with solemn pomp, the seal is broken, and the
+contents are read publicly. The following will serve for an example of
+these prophetic letters:
+
+  "Liverpool, _April 13, 1838_.
+
+  "DEAR BROTHERS AND SISTERS IN PRESTON,--It seemeth good unto us, and
+  also unto the Holy Ghost, to write to you a few words, which cause
+  pain in our hearts, and will also pain you when they are fulfilled
+  before you; yet you shall have joy in the end. Brother Webster will
+  not abide in the Spirit of the Lord, but will reject the truth, and
+  become the enemy of the people of God, and expose the mysteries
+  which have been committed to him, that a righteous judgment may be
+  executed upon him, unless he speedily repent. When this sorrowful
+  prediction shall be fulfilled, this letter shall be read to the
+  church, and it shall prove a solemn warning to all to beware.
+
+  "Farewell in the Lord,
+  "ORSON HYDE,
+  "H. C. KIMBALL."
+
+In England, the preachers of Mormonism generally begin by insinuating
+among the astonished natives of rural villages, or the weak and wavering
+classes in larger towns, that our Bible has suffered by translation, and
+that it is deficient and incomplete in many particulars. They next
+declare that the Book of Mormon and the revelations bestowed on Smith
+and Rigdon are additional favours from the Deity, designed to explain
+the obscurities and supply the deficiencies of our Scriptures. It never
+enters into the minds of their dupes to inquire as to the _credentials_
+of these preachers. They are the eye-witnesses of no miracle: they see
+no dead raised to life, no dumb qualified to speak, no blind enabled to
+see.
+
+One night the Mormon elder commences by observing to his congregation
+that he does not know what to say, but that he will say whatever the
+Lord shall put into his mouth. On another night, he gravely announces
+his intention to read a portion of the old Scriptures for edification;
+invariably, however, taking care not to confine himself to any
+particular subject, but to have as extensive a field as possible, in
+order to weave in from time to time such portions of the "Book of
+Mormon" as he knows to be best adapted to effect his object. The
+American edition of this book had no index to guide its readers to any
+particular passage or doctrine; it was not generally circulated in
+England, even among the converts; and hence very few were able to know
+precisely when the preacher's words were _Mormonic_, and when they were
+not. This peculiarity was remarked upon at the time, and in an English
+edition, printed at Manchester, an index was inserted.
+
+For the continuance of the fraudulent scheme, they proceed to enact a
+mock ordination, choosing out of the whole body of converts certain
+individuals who are deemed most trustworthy. These assume their
+blasphemous calling on the pretended sanction of the Deity, immerse
+converts after dark, _confirm_ the parties next day, and administer, in
+the course of two or three days at the farthest, a mock sacrament, to
+individuals who in the bewildered state of their minds scarcely know
+their right hand from their left.
+
+It is under the very convenient cloak of night, however, that Mormonism
+in England performs most of its operations. It is then in the zenith of
+its glory, converting ignorance into the tool of delusion, chaining it
+fast by iniquitous discipline, order, and system, and trying with all
+its energy to make the worse appear the better cause. In such beguiling
+hours, the secret "Church Meeting" is held, to the exclusion of every
+individual except the initiated. High and mighty is the business
+transacted on such occasions. It consists of exhortations to stand firm,
+instructions given, explanations offered, visions and revelations
+stated, gifts received for the "Bishop of Zion," confessions made,
+threatenings held out, converts reprimanded, apostates excommunicated,
+the successes of Mormonism described, and suggestions offered for
+removing the difficulties in its way. Enquiries are made in reference to
+other particulars: for example,--"What kind of people reside in this
+neighbourhood? What places of worship do they frequent? What opinions
+have you formed as to the natural bent of their respective dispositions?
+Will they be disposed to join us, or will they exercise an influence
+against us? Are they principally in the humble walks of life, or are
+they of some knowledge and understanding?" If the answer to these and
+other questions be apparently favourable, the necessary advice is given
+to the first converts how they may prevail upon more. Suggestions are
+thrown out how to persuade; and the next step is to urge in every
+possible way the grievous sin of baptizing infants, and the absolute
+necessity of _dipping_, as the very _sine qua non_, the only effectual
+path to everlasting salvation.
+
+It was the opinion of many of our clerical brethren in England, at
+first, that the evil would upset itself. But system, order, and
+discipline are powerful ingredients, even in a bad cause. Smith writes
+to England as follows:--"The Nauvoo Legion embraces all our military
+power." "The University of Nauvoo will enable us to teach our children
+arts, sciences, and learned professions. The regents of the university
+will supervise all matters of education, from common schools up to the
+highest branches."
+
+
+PAGE 3. "St. Louis, a city of thirty thousand inhabitants."
+
+St. Louis was founded in 1764, under the auspices of the French
+government, by M. Laclede, who named it in honour of the reigning
+monarch, Louis XV. In 1770, it passed into the possession of Spain, and
+as the seat of government for Upper Louisiana was occupied by a Spanish
+governor. In 1800, Louisiana was retroceded to France, from which
+government it was purchased by the United States during the presidency
+of Mr. Jefferson. St. Louis increased slowly until the introduction of
+steam navigation on the western rivers; but during the last seven years
+its population has increased from 8000 to 30,000. It contains fifteen
+places of worship, viz., two Episcopalian churches, two Roman Catholic,
+two Methodist meeting-houses, two Presbyterian, one Associate Reformed
+Presbyterian, one German Lutheran, one Baptist, one Unitarian, an
+African Methodist, and an African Baptist meeting-house, besides a
+Jewish synagogue. A third Roman Catholic church is in progress, and the
+number of Roman Catholics in the city is not less than 14,000. The
+buildings are of brick or stone, and generally present a handsome
+appearance.
+
+
+PAGE 5. "Father of waters," &c.
+
+When the Mississippi is at its lowest stage, the depth of water at St.
+Louis is four feet; when full, the depth is twenty-nine feet. The width
+of the river is three-quarters of a mile; the average velocity four
+miles an hour; the average descent of the stream six inches in every
+mile.
+
+
+PAGE 8. "This was the Temple."
+
+The following are some of Joseph Smith's "Revelations" on the subject of
+the temple, extracted from the "Times and Seasons" for June 1, 1841.
+
+  "Verily, verily, I say unto you, let all my saints come from afar,
+  and send ye swift messengers, yea, chosen messengers, and say unto
+  them, Come ye with all your gold, and your silver, and your precious
+  stones, and with all your antiquities; and all who have knowledge
+  of antiquities that will come, may come; and bring the box-tree, and
+  the fir-tree, and the pine-tree, together with all the precious
+  trees of the earth; and with iron, and with copper, and with brass,
+  and with zinc, and with all your precious things of the earth; and
+  build a house to my name, for the Most High to dwell therein: for
+  there is not a place found upon earth, that he may come and restore
+  again that which was lost unto you, or which he hath taken away,
+  even the fulness of the priesthood.
+
+  "* * * And again, verily, I say unto you, how shall your washings be
+  acceptable unto me, except ye perform them in a house which you have
+  built to my name? For this cause, I commanded Moses that he should
+  build a tabernacle, that they should bear it in the wilderness, and
+  to build a house in the land of promise, that those ordinances might
+  be revealed which had been hid from before the world was. * * * *
+
+  "And verily I say unto you, let this house be built unto my name,
+  that I may reveal mine ordinances therein unto my people; for I
+  design to reveal unto my church things which have been kept hid from
+  the foundation of the world; things that pertain to the dispensation
+  of the fulness of times. And I will show unto my servant Joseph, all
+  things pertaining to this house, and the priesthood thereof, and the
+  place whereon it shall be built. * * * * And it shall come to pass,
+  that if you build a house unto my name, and do not the things that I
+  say, I will not perform the oath which I make unto you; neither
+  fulfil the promises which ye expect at my hands, saith the Lord:
+  for instead of blessings, ye by your own works, bring cursings,
+  wrath, indignation, and judgment upon your own heads by your
+  follies, and by all your abominations which you practise before me,
+  saith the Lord."
+
+
+PAGE 12. "In Palestine, &c."
+
+The following is from the 'Times and Seasons' for April 1st, 1842.
+
+  "Another letter has just come to hand from Elder Hyde, dated Jaffa,
+  Oct. He was then on his way to Jerusalem, the date being much
+  earlier than the one inserted in another page. We have only room for
+  the following extract, which we publish as among the most
+  extraordinary signs of the times. 'On my passage from Beyroot to
+  this place (Jaffa) the night before last, at one o'clock, as I was
+  meditating on the deck of the vessel as she was beating down against
+  a sultry wind, a very bright glittering sword appeared in the
+  heavens, with a beautiful hilt, as plain and complete as any cut you
+  ever saw. And what is still more remarkable, an arm with a perfect
+  hand, stretched itself out and took hold of the hilt of the sword.
+  The appearance really made my hair rise, and my flesh, as it were,
+  crawl on my bones. The Arabs made a wonderful outcry at the sight.
+  Oh, Allah! Allah! was their exclamation all over the vessel. I
+  mention this, because you know there is a commandment of God for me,
+  which says, 'Unto you it shall be given to know the signs of the
+  times, and the sign of the coming of the Son of man.'
+
+  Yours, in Christ,
+  ORSON HYDE."
+
+
+PAGE 13. "Nauvoo House."
+
+The following is a further extract from the "Revelation" of January 19,
+1841, quoted above.
+
+  "Verily, I say unto you, let my servant George, and my servant
+  Lyman, and my servant John Snider, and others, build a house unto my
+  name, such an one as my servant Joseph shall show unto them, upon
+  the place which he shall show unto them also. And it shall be for a
+  house of boarding, a house that strangers may come from afar to
+  lodge therein. * * * * Let it be built unto my name, and let my name
+  be named upon it; and let my servant Joseph and his house have place
+  therein, from generation to generation. For this anointing have I
+  put upon his head, that his blessing shall also be put upon the
+  heads of his posterity after him; and as I said unto Abraham, even
+  so I say unto my servant Joseph, in thee and in thy seed shall all
+  the kindreds of the earth be blessed. Therefore, let my servant
+  Joseph and his seed after him have place in that house from
+  generation to generation, for ever and ever, saith the Lord; and let
+  the name of that house be called the Nauvoo House, and let it be a
+  delightful habitation for man, and a resting-place for the weary
+  traveller, that he may contemplate the glory of Zion, and the glory
+  of this corner-stone thereof."
+
+
+PAGE 22. "The writings of Abraham."
+
+Smith's pretended version of these documents may be found in the "Times
+and Seasons" for March 1, and March 15, 1842, with the following
+heading:
+
+  "A Translation of some ancient Records that have fallen into our
+  hands from the Catacombs of Egypt, purporting to be the writings of
+  Abraham while he was in Egypt, called the Book of Abraham, written
+  by his own hand upon papyrus."
+
+
+PAGE 25. "The Nauvoo Legion."
+
+The subjoined will serve as a specimen of "General Orders," issued by
+Joseph Smith, in his military capacity:
+
+  "Head Quarters. Nauvoo Legion, City of Nauvoo.
+
+                          "_May 25_, A. D. 1841.
+
+  "The 1st Company (riflemen), 1st Battalion, 2nd Regiment, 2nd
+  Cohort, will be attached to the escort contemplated in the general
+  order of the 4th instant, for the 3rd of July next. In forming the
+  Legion, the Adjutant will observe the rank of companies as follows,
+  to wit:
+
+  "1st Cohort.--The flying artillery first, the lancers next, and the
+  riflemen next, visiting companies of dragoons next the lancers, and
+  cavalry next the dragoons.
+
+  "2nd Cohort.--The artillery first, the lancers next, the riflemen
+  next, the light-infantry next, visiting companies in their
+  appropriate places, on the right of the troops of their own grade:
+  the ranking company of the 1st Cohort will be formed on the right of
+  the said Cohort, and the ranking company of the 2nd Cohort will be
+  formed on the left of the said Cohort, the next on the right of the
+  left; and so on to the centre. The escort will be formed on the
+  right of the forces.
+
+  "JOHN C. BENNETT,     "JOSEPH SMITH."
+  "Major-General,       "Lieutenant-General."
+
+
+PAGE 33. "The Mormons prefer miraculous aid to medicine."
+
+The following is abridged from a London paper:--"On Wednesday an
+investigation was gone into before Mr. Baker the coroner, at the Royal
+Oak, Galway Street, St. Luke's, on the body of Elizabeth Morgan, aged
+fifty-five years, whose death was alleged to have been caused through
+improper treatment by unqualified persons. Maria Watkins said she had
+known deceased about twelve months, and on Tuesday week witness was sent
+for to attend her. Witness found her very ill; but no medical gentleman
+was called in, it being against the religious tenets of the sect to
+which the deceased belonged to do so. The sect to which she belonged
+styled themselves 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,'
+their place of meeting being in Castle street, Cow-cross. They treated
+their sick according to a text taken from the last chapter of the
+Epistle of St. James. Witness had known of healing under such
+circumstances, but the deceased sank and died on Saturday last. No
+surgeon was sent for. The coroner said he hardly knew how to deal with
+the case, as he had his doubts whether it was not one of manslaughter.
+The jury, after some deliberation, returned a verdict of 'Natural
+death,' with a hope that the present inquiry would act as a caution for
+the future."
+
+
+PAGE 41. "The healing of the sick, the casting out of devils," &c.
+
+In the "Times and Seasons," vol. iii. p. 709, may be found Joseph
+Smith's creed, in which are contained the following articles:--
+
+  "We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions,
+  healing, interpretation of tongues, &c." "We believe all that God
+  has revealed, all that He does now reveal, and we believe that He
+  will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the
+  kingdom of God."
+
+
+PAGE 44. "A knot of designing persons."
+
+Professor Turner of Illinois College, thus addresses Joseph Smith.
+
+  "I have charitably sought to find some ground for believing that you
+  and your comrades were only a new species of religious maniacs. I
+  have sought in vain. A man, however kindly disposed to think well of
+  you, after a thorough examination of your career, might as well
+  attempt to believe your religion, as to regard you in any other
+  light than that of a deliberate, cold-blooded, persevering deceiver.
+  I do not pretend that in the outset you even anticipated the final
+  result. On the contrary, there is abundant evidence that at first
+  your aims rose no higher than those of ordinary vagrants and
+  jugglers. You have not even the poor merit of either talent or
+  originality. Your highest aim has ever been to crawl among the
+  droves of reptile impostors who have preceded you, and though your
+  ignorance and utter incapacity have not suffered you to turn aside
+  from their loathsome track, your fortunate union with others of
+  greater ability, who have entered into your secrets, and the
+  lamentable credulity of the times, have enabled you to attain a more
+  signal and desolating success than most of your predecessors."
+
+
+PAGE 44. "Mahomet" &c.
+
+In the course of the trial of Joseph Smith and others, for high treason
+against the state of Missouri, George M. Hinkle testified as follows:
+
+  "I have heard Joseph Smith say, that he believed Mahomet was a good
+  man; that the Koran was not a true thing, but that the world belied
+  Mahomet as they belied him, and that Mahomet was a true prophet."
+
+John Corrill also testified that he had heard Joseph Smith say publicly,
+"that if people molested him he would establish his religion by the
+sword; and that he would become to this generation a second Mahomet."
+
+
+PAGE 47. "David was in hell."
+
+In a report of Smith's sermon of May 16th, 1841, in the "Times and
+Seasons" of June 1st, 1841, we find the annexed passage:--
+
+  "Even David must wait for the times of refreshing before he can come
+  forth and his sins be blotted out; for Peter speaking of him says,
+  'David hath not ascended into heaven, for his sepulchre is with us
+  to this day:' his remains were then in the tomb. Now we read that
+  many bodies of the Saints arose at Christ's resurrection, probably
+  all the Saints, but it seems that David did not. Why? because he had
+  been a murderer."
+
+
+PAGE 47. "He descended in America and preached the Gospel to the
+Indians."
+
+See Book of Mormon, 5th chapter of Nephi. "And now it came to pass that
+there were a great multitude gathered together of the people of Nephi;
+* * * and they cast their eyes up towards heaven, and behold they saw a
+man descending out of heaven; he was clothed in a white robe, and he
+came down and stood in the midst of them, and the eyes of the whole
+multitude was turned upon him, * * * and it came to pass that he
+stretched forth his hand and spake unto the people saying: 'Behold I am
+Jesus Christ of which the prophets testified that should come into the
+world, and behold I am the light and life of the world, and I have drank
+out of that bitter cup which the Father hath given me, and have
+glorified the Father, in taking upon me the sins of the world.'"
+
+
+PAGE 55. "Baptism for the dead."
+
+Joseph Smith says in an article on this subject in the "Times and
+Seasons," for April 15th, 1842.
+
+  "What has become of our fathers? will they be damned for not obeying
+  the Gospel, when they never heard it? Certainly not. But they will
+  possess the same privilege that we here enjoy through the medium of
+  the _everlasting_ priesthood, which not only administers in earth,
+  but in heaven, * * * they will come out of their prison upon the
+  same principle as those who were disobedient in the days of Noah
+  were visited by our Saviour, * * * and in order that they might
+  fulfil all the requisitions of God, their living friends were
+  baptized for their dead friends, and thus fulfilled the requirements
+  of God: 'Except a man be born again of water, and of the Spirit, he
+  can in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven;' they were baptized
+  of course, not for themselves, but for their dead. _Crysostum_ says,
+  that the _Marchionites_[A] practised baptism for the dead, 'after a
+  catechumen was dead, they hid a living man under the bed of the
+  deceased; then coming to the dead man, they asked him whether he
+  would receive baptism; and he making no answer, the other answered
+  for him, and said that he would be baptized in his stead,--and so
+  they baptized the living for the dead."
+
+It appears by the above extract, that the prophet is beginning (in his
+own way) to quote the fathers.
+
+Footnote:
+
+  [A] This is the prophet's own orthography.
+
+
+PAGE 57. "The amiable and patient missionary bishop of Missouri," &c.
+
+It is pleasing to turn from Joseph Smith, to the contemplation of the
+truly estimable person in question. Bishop Kemper is of German descent;
+his immediate ancestors having emigrated from Manheim on the Rhine. For
+many years he was assistant minister to the late bishop White, in the
+parochial charge of Christ-Church, Philadelphia. He was subsequently
+elected and consecrated by the House of Bishops, as the first missionary
+bishop. The expenses of his mission are borne by the committee for
+domestic missions in the United States. He is absolutely _without a
+home_, being almost perpetually engaged in visiting various portions of
+the enormous region committed to his ecclesiastical superintendence. A
+more difficult field of missionary duty can scarcely be imagined.
+
+
+PAGE 57. "Kemper College."
+
+This institution is the most western Protestant Episcopal college in the
+world, being nearly half-way between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
+The main building was completed externally during the year 1841, Bishop
+Kemper having solicited and obtained funds for the purpose, to the
+amount of twenty-five thousand dollars, from zealous Christians in New
+York and Philadelphia. In the same year a considerable amount of
+valuable books was presented to the college by pious individuals in
+England, as well as by several of the great Societies. The object of the
+college, is the preparation of young men for the ministry of the
+Protestant Episcopal Church, and, under the enlightened and active
+presidency of the Rev. E. C. Hutchinson, it bids fair ultimately to
+realize the sanguine expectations of the Church.
+
+
+PAGE 57. "The Mormon University."
+
+Under an act of the Illinois legislature, incorporating the city of
+Nauvoo, the following provisions are found:--
+
+  "Sec. 24. The city council may establish and organize an institution
+  of learning within the limits of the city, for the teaching of the
+  arts, sciences, and learned professions, to be called the
+  'University of the city of Nauvoo,' which institution shall be under
+  the control and management of a board of trustees, consisting of a
+  chancellor, registrar, and twenty-three regents, which board shall
+  thereafter be a body corporate and politic, with perpetual
+  succession, by the name of the chancellor and regents of the
+  university of the city of Nauvoo, * * * provided that the trustees
+  shall at all times be appointed by the city council, and shall have
+  all the powers and privileges for the advancement of the cause of
+  education, which appertain to the trustees of any other college or
+  university of this state."
+
+
+PAGE 58. "Few attach themselves to the Church in America."
+
+The indifference of the poorer class of English emigrants to the Church
+of their fathers is truly lamentable. The Roman Catholic emigrant,
+however poor or friendless, retains his attachment to his faith. The
+German Lutheran is firm in his allegiance to the principles which he
+held in the land of his nativity. The same may be said of the Scottish
+Presbyterian, and of the Irish and Scottish Episcopalian. But the
+English labourer, mechanic, or small farmer, on his arrival in the
+United States, too often forgets his churchmanship, and, through
+ignorance or carelessness, readily connects himself with any schismatic
+conventicle which may be at hand.
+
+
+THE MORMON CREED.
+
+The Mormon Creed, as published by Joseph Smith himself, is given below.
+(See "Times and Seasons," vol. iii. p. 709.)
+
+  "We believe in God the Eternal Father, and in his Son Jesus Christ,
+  and in the Holy Ghost.
+
+  "We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not
+  for Adam's transgression.
+
+  "We believe that through the atonement of Christ all mankind may be
+  saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the gospel.
+
+  "We believe that these ordinances are, 1st, Faith in the Lord Jesus
+  Christ; 2nd, Repentance; 3rd, Baptism by immersion, for the
+  remission of sins; 4th, Laying on of hands, for the gift of the Holy
+  Ghost.
+
+  "We believe that a man must be called of God by prophecy, and by
+  laying on of hands by those who are in authority, to preach the
+  Gospel, and administer in the ordinances thereof.
+
+  "We believe in the same organization that existed in the primitive
+  church, viz, Apostles, Prophets, Pastors, Teachers, Evangelists, &c.
+
+  "We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions,
+  healing, interpreting of tongues, &c.
+
+  "We believe the Bible to be the Word of God, as far as it is
+  translated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the
+  Word of God.
+
+  "We believe all that God has revealed, all that he does now reveal,
+  and we believe that he will yet reveal many great and important
+  things pertaining to the kingdom of God.
+
+  "We believe in the literal gathering of Israel, and in the
+  restoration of the Ten Tribes; that Zion will be built upon this
+  continent; that Christ will reign personally upon the earth; and
+  that the earth will be renewed, and receive its paradisaic glory.
+
+  "We claim the privilege of worshipping Almighty God according to the
+  dictates of our conscience, and allow all men the same privilege,
+  let them worship how, where, or what they may.
+
+  "We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and
+  magistrates, in obeying, honouring, and sustaining the law.
+
+  "We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous; and
+  in doing good to all men; indeed we may say that we follow the
+  admonition of Paul, 'we believe all things, we hope all things;' we
+  have endured many things, and hope to be able to endure all things.
+  If there is anything virtuous, lovely, or of good report, or
+  praiseworthy, we seek after these things."
+
+
+Joseph Smith, by his own account, was born in the town of Sharon,
+Windsor County, Vermont (U. S.), on the 23rd of December, 1805.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+  GILBERT & RIVINGTON, Printers, St. John's Square, London.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+
+  Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.
+
+  Inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained from
+    the original.
+
+  Errors in punctuation have been corrected without note.
+
+  Obvious typographical errors have been changed as follows:
+
+    Page 15: "hav'nt" changed to "hav'n't"
+    Page 30: "intercouse" changed to "intercourse"
+    Page 70: the duplicate word "for" deleted
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The City of the Mormons, by Henry Caswall
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