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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,, by 
+William Henry Whitmore
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,
+       Governor of New England, New York and Virginia, &c., &c.
+
+Author: William Henry Whitmore
+
+Release Date: October 17, 2011 [EBook #37773]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A MEMOIR OF SIR EDMUND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Steven Gibbs, Linda Cantoni, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected
+without note. In the original, Andros's will contains no punctuation,
+and new sentences are indicated with large spaces, which are
+represented here by long dashes.]
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIR
+
+OF
+
+SIR EDMUND ANDROS.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+MEMOIR
+
+OF
+
+SIR EDMUND ANDROS, KNT.,
+
+GOVERNOR OF NEW ENGLAND, NEW YORK AND VIRGINIA, &c., &c.
+
+WITH A PORTRAIT.
+
+
+BY WILLIAM HENRY WHITMORE, A.M.
+
+
+Reprinted from the "Andros Tracts," published by the Prince Society of
+Boston, N.E.
+
+  Boston:
+  PRINTED BY T.R. MARVIN & SON.
+  1868.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  T.R. MARVIN & SON,
+  PRINTERS, BOSTON.]
+
+
+
+
+SIR EDMUND ANDROS.
+
+
+Concerning the ancestry of Sir Edmund Andros, the sole printed
+authority is the memoir in the History of Guernsey by Jonathan Duncan,
+(London, 1841,) which occupies about three pages in that book. This
+sketch has been copied by Dr. E.B. O'Callaghan in his "Documents
+relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York," (ii. 740),
+and also in a note in Woolley's Journal (GOWAN'S Bibliotheca
+Americana). It seems that Andros placed on record at Heralds' College
+a very elaborate pedigree of his family, September 18th, 1686, a few
+days before he sailed to assume the government of New England.
+Although this document was used probably by DUNCAN, it is now printed
+for the first time in full, from a transcript made by Joseph L.
+Chester, Esq., of London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The family of Andros, or Andrews as it is more frequently spelt, was
+of great antiquity in Northamptonshire, being long settled at Winwick
+in that county. One branch, which was raised in 1641 to the dignity of
+Baronet, was resident at Denton in the same county; and from the
+similarity of the arms, it is evident that Sir Edmund claimed the same
+paternity. The pedigree recorded at Heralds' College is as follows.
+
+[Heralds' College, Book 2 D, XIV. fol. 175b]
+
+     ANDROS.--Gules, a saltire or surmounted by another vert, on
+     a chief argent 3 mullets sable. [No crest.]
+
+     SAUSMAREZ.--Argent, on a chevron gules between 3 leopards'
+     faces sable as many castles triple towered or. Crest: a
+     falcon affrontant proper, beaked and membered or, [_not_
+     wings expanded as in the armory.] Supporters: Dexter, a
+     unicorn, tail cowarded, argent; Sinister, a greyhound argent
+     collared gules garnished or.
+
+     ["This is a true Account of the Marriages and Issues of my
+     family, and of the Armes we have constantly borne since our
+     coming into Guernsey, as also of the Arms Crest and
+     Supporters of Sausmarez whose heir General we married.
+     Witnes my hand this 18th of September, 1686.
+
+     "E. ANDROS."]
+
+[Transcriber's Note: In the original, the pedigree below is split
+across two facing pages. For readability, the split has been retained
+in this e-book, with bracketed notes as to where the table continues.]
+
+
+  Mr. John Andros, (alias         =  Judith de Sausmarez only daur:
+  Andrews,) an English Gentleman  |  of Thomas de Sausmarez Lord of
+  born in Northamptonsh: came     |  the Seigneurie of Sausmarez,
+  into the Isle of Guernsey with  |  and sister and heir to George
+  Sr Peter Mewtis Knt. Governor   |  Sausmarez her brother, married
+  of the said Isle as his         |  Ao 1543. She dyed at
+  Lieutenant, and was afterwards  |  Sausmarez, Ao 1557, and was
+  a Capt of Foot in Calais,       |  buried in ye Church of St.
+  where he dyed and was buried,   |  Martin.
+  Ao 1554.                        |
+                                  |
+                    +-------------+
+                    |
+  Alix Roiiaux  = John Andros, eldest son     =  Secille Blondel   =  Margaret,
+  wid: of         of the said John was the    |  daur: of Mr. John    daur: of
+  Monsieur John   King's Ward and committed   |  Blondel, one of      Monsr
+  de la Cour,     to the custody of Sr        |  the Justices of      Thomas
+  second wife,    Leonard Chamberlain, Knt.   |  the Royall Court     Compton,
+  obijt s. pr.    Governour of the said Isle  |  in the said Isle     Bailly of
+  Ao 1595.        until he came of age,       |  of Guernsey.         the said
+                  which having attained he    |  Married to Mr.       Isle,
+                  did his homage, and payd    |  John Andros, son     third
+                  the Relief due to the King  |  of John Andros       wife.
+                  for the said Seigneurie,    |  before mentioned,
+                  and had possession thereof, |  24 Oct: 1570,
+                  and was made Capt. of the   |  dyed 6 May 1588
+                  Parish of St. Martin, and   |  and was buried at
+                  28 May 1582, was sworne     |  St. Martins.
+                  one of ye Justices of the   |  First wife.
+                  Royal Court.                |
+                                              |
+                              +---------------+--------------------------------
+                              |1                   [continue with 2 John below]
+  Mary Careye, daur: of  =  Thomas Andros, eldest son,  =  Elizabeth Carteret,
+  Mr. Nicollas Careye,      born at Sausmarez, 16 Oct.  |  eldest daur: of
+  one of the Justices       1571. He was sworne one of  |  Mnsr Amice de
+  of the Royal Court,       the Justices of the Royal   |  Carteret, Seignr
+  Married 1o Jun: 1597,     Court after the death of    |  de la Trinite,
+  and dyed in childbed      his father, 2 Febr: 1609,   |  Lieutt Governor
+  without Issue             and Lieutt Governor of      |  and Bailly of the
+  surviving, 6 Nov:         Guernsey under my Lord      |  Isle of Guernsey
+  1598. First wife.         Carew Governor 8 Jun:       |  married 22 Oct:
+                            1611, and dyed 18 Apr:      |  1606, dyed 3 Jan:
+                            1637, at Sausmarez, and     |  1672. 2d Wife.
+                            was there buried.           |
+                                                        |
+     +------------+-------------------------------------+------------+++-------
+     |1           |2                                                 |||
+  Catherine     Amice Andros born at      =  Elizabeth Stone      3 Thomas
+  married       Sausmarez 5 Sept. 1610.   |  sister of Sr         4 Joshua
+  to Monsr      He was made Marshall of   |  Robert Stone,        5 & John,
+  John          ye Ceremonies to King     |  Knt., Cup-Bearer       died
+  Bonamy.       Charles I. Ao 1632.       |  to the Queen of        unmarried.
+                Bailly of the Isle of     |  Bohemia, and         [continue
+                Guernsey by K. Ch. 2      |  Captain of a         with
+                upon his Coronation in    |  Troop of horse       6 Elizabeth
+                Scotland. Bayliff of the  |  in Holland.          below]
+                Royal Court in Guernsey   |
+                Ao 1661, and Major of     |
+                the Forces of the said    |
+                Isle. He dyed at          |
+                Sausmarez, 7 Apr. 1674.   |
+                                          |
+     ++--------------+--------------------+-----------------------------------
+     ||              |3                        [continue with 4 Richard below]
+  1 Amice and  Sr Edmond Andros, Knt. born at London,   =  Marie Craven eldest
+  2 Elizabeth  6 Dec. 1637, made Gentl: in Ordinary to     daughter of Thomas
+    dyed       the Queen of Bohemia, Ao 1660, and          Craven, and sister
+    young.     Major to the Regimt of foot sent into       of Sr William
+               America Ao 1666. After that, Major to       Craven of
+               Prince Rupert's Regimt of Dragoons Ao       Apletrewick, in
+               1672. He was sworne Bailly of the           Com: Ebor: and of
+               Royall Court in Guernsey 30 Junij 1674,     Combe Abbey in Co:
+               and shortly after was constituted           Warr: Knight, heir
+               Governor general of New York in America     in Reversion to the
+               and knighted on his return from thence,     Barony of Hamsted
+               Ao 1681. He was sworn Gentl: of ye          Marshall. Married
+               Privy Chamber to the King Ao 1683, and      in Febr: 1671.
+               in ye year 1685 was made Lieutt
+               Colonell to her Royal Highns the Pr.
+               Anne of Denmark's Regt of Horse,
+               commanded by the Earl of Scaresdale, and
+               lastly this present year 1686 was made
+               Governor of New England.
+
+   [continued from 1 Thomas Andros above]
+   +--+---------------+-------------+--------------+
+   |  |2              |3            |4             |5
+   | John, dyed     Thomas,     Elizabeth,        Mary, died
+   | unmarried.     dyed        married to Mr.    an infant.
+   |                young.      Peter Painsec,
+   |                            Minister of St.
+   |                            Peters Port.
+   |
+   | [continued from 5 John above]
+   |+----+-------+-----+--------+-------------------------+------+
+   ||    |6      |7    |8       |9                        |10    |11
+   || Elizabeth, |  Secille,  Charles      = Alix, dau:  Peter,  |
+   || married to |  married   Andros,      | and sole    died    |
+   || Monsieur   |  to Capt:  Seigne'r     | heir of     an      |
+   || John       |  Nicollas  D'Anneville, | M. Thomas   infant. |
+   || Dobree,    |  Ling.     living 1686, | Fashin,             |
+   || merchant.  |            marr: to his | Seigneur       +----+
+   ||            |            first wife,  | D'Anneville,   |
+  -+|           Anne,         Collette,    | 2d wife.       |
+    |           died          daur: of     |             William  = Judith,
+    |           an            Jonas le     |             Andros,  | dau: of
+    |           infant.       Marchant by  |             11th and | Monsr
+    |                         whom he had  |             youngest | John
+    |                         issue onely  |             child    | Blondell.
+    |                         one daughr:  |             dyed     |
+    |                         Elizabeth    |             7 Nov:   |
+    |                         who dyed     |             1679,    |
+    |                         young.       |             ętat:    |
+    |                                      |             47 An.   |
+    |        +-----------------------------+                      |
+    |        |     +---------------------------+----------------+++
+    |        |     |1                          |2               ||
+    |        |  Charles Andros, = Rachell,   Amice Andros,   3 John, and
+  --+        |  born 9 Apr: Ao  | daur:      second son,     4 Judith,
+             |  1662.           | of Mr.     married           dyed
+             |                  | James      Magdalen          young.
+             |                  | Careye.    Mancell.
+             |                  |
+             |                  +---------------------------------+
+             |                                                    |
+        +----+--------------+---------+---------+           +-----+-----+
+        |1                  |2        |3        |4          |1          |2
+      Charles Andros,     Thomas     Mary,     Anne,      Rachell,    Anne,
+      born 15 Sept:       born 25    married   born       born        born
+      1662. Married       Mart: Ao   to Mr.    21         Ao 1683.    1685.
+      Elizab: Mauger      1672.      Jean      Nov.
+      widow of Monsr                 Renouf,   1667.
+      Tho: de Beauvoir.              Merchant.
+
+  [continued from 3 Sr Edmond Andros above]
+  ------++---------+----------------+------------------------+
+        ||         |6               |7                       |8
+    4 Richard,    John Andros,    George Andros, born    Carterette Andros,
+        and       born 2 Nov:     5 Oct: 1646. Married   married to Mr.
+    5 Elizabeth,  1642. Married   Anne Blondel, and      Cęsar Knapton, an
+       dyed       Anne Knapton.   dyed 8o Nov: 1664.     English Gentl:
+       young.        ===                 ===                   ===
+                      |                   |                     |
+                 1 Elizabeth,         1 John,           Elizabeth Knapton
+                 2 Marie,             2 George,         only child, married
+                 3 Amice, mort.       3 Charles,        to Mr. Will: le
+                 4 Anne,              4 Mary,           Marchant, eldest
+                 5 John,              5 Anne.           son of Mr. James
+                 6 Carterette, mort.                    le Marchant, Ao
+                 7 Edmond, mort.                        1684.
+                 8 Cęsar,
+                 9 Edmond.
+
+At the same time Sir Edmund recorded his coat-of-arms as described in
+the following document at Heralds' College, Grants of Arms, Book 1,
+26. fol. 98.
+
+     "Whereas Sr Edmund Andros, Knight, Lord of ye Seignorie of
+     Sausmarez in the Island of Guernsey, hath made application
+     to me, Henry, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshall of England &c.
+     that his Arms may be Registered in the College of Arms in
+     such manner as he may lawfully bear them, with respect to
+     his Descent from the antient Family of Sausmarez in ye said
+     Isle, there being no entries in the College of Arms of the
+     Descents or Arms of the Families in that Isle: And whereas
+     it hath been made out unto me that his Great Grandfather's
+     Father, John Andros als. Andrews, an English Gentleman,
+     borne in Northamptonshire, coming into the Isle of Guernsey
+     as Lieutt. to Sr Peter Mewtis, Knight, the Governour, did
+     there marry, Ao. 1543, with Judith de Sausmarez, only
+     daughter of Thomas Sausmarez, son and heir of Thomas
+     Sausmarez, Lords of the Seignorie of Sausmarez in the said
+     Isle, which Judith did afterwards become heir to her brother
+     George de Sausmarez, Lord of the said Seignorie: And that
+     John Andros, Esqr., son and heir of the said John and
+     Judith, had the sd. Seignorie with its appurtenances and all
+     Rights and Privileges thereto belonging, adjudged to him by
+     the Royal Commrs. of the said Isle, Ao. 1607, against the
+     heirs male of the said Family of Sausmarez, who then sued
+     for the same, as finding it to be held of the King by a
+     certain Relief and certain Services, all which were
+     inseparable from the said Seignorie: And whereas it hath
+     been made [to] appear unto me by an Antient Seal of one
+     Nicollas de Sausmarez, which seems to be between 2 and 300
+     years old, and by other Authorities, that the said Family of
+     Sausmarez have constantly borne and used the Arms herein
+     impressed, I the said Earl Marshall, considering that the
+     forementioned Sr. Edmund Andros, Knt., and his Ancestors,
+     from the time of the said John Andros who married the heir
+     generall of Sausmarez as aforesaid, have successively done
+     Homage to the Kings of England for ye sd Seignorie, and
+     thereupon have been admitted into and received full
+     possession thereof, do order and require, That the Arms of
+     Andros (as the said Sr Edmund and his Ancestors ever since
+     their coming into the said Isle have borne the same)
+     quartered with the Arms of Sausmarez as they are hereunto
+     annexed,[1] be, together with the Pedigree of the said Sr
+     Edmund Andros (herewith also transmitted) fairly registered
+     in ye College of Arms by the Register of the said College,
+     and allowed unto him the said Sr Edmund Andros, and the
+     heirs of his body lawfully begotten, and of the body of his
+     Great Grandfather John Andros, son and heir of the
+     forementioned John Andros and Judith de Sausmarez, having,
+     possessing and enjoying the said Seignorie, to be borne and
+     used by him and them on all occasions according to the Law
+     of Arms: And for so doing this shall be a sufficient
+     warrant.
+
+     "Given under my hand and seal the 23d. day of September,
+     1686, in the second year of the Reigne of our Soveraigne
+     Lord King James the Second, &c.
+
+     "Norfolke & Marshall."
+
+     To the Kings Heralds,
+
+     and Pursuivts. of Arms.
+
+[Footnote 1: The Andrews family of Denton bore "Gules, a saltire _or_,
+surmounted of another vert." O'Callaghan and Trumbull (Col. Rec. of
+Conn. iii. 392) have followed an error in BERRY'S History of Guernsey,
+wherein the arms of Andros are said to be "a chevron between three
+pelicans vulning themselves." Such a coat indeed is found on the
+monument of Amice Andros, but they undoubtedly belong to his wife
+Elizabeth Stone, the mother of Governor Andros.]
+
+During the exile of the Stuarts, Edmund Andros served in the army of
+Prince Henry of Nassau (PALFREY, iii. 127), and was faithful to their
+cause. His family indeed was eminent among the adherents of the King,
+as appears by the pardon granted 13th August, 1660, by Charles II. to
+the inhabitants of Guernsey. In it he declares that Amice Andros,
+Edmund his son, and Charles his brother, Sir Henry Davie, bart, and
+Nathaniel Darell, during the preceding troubles "continued inviolably
+faithful to his Majesty, and consequently have no need to be comprised
+in this general pardon." So also we learn by the monument to
+Elizabeth, mother of Sir Edmund, that she "shared with her husband
+the troubles and exile to which he was exposed for several years in
+the service of Charles I. and Charles II."[2]
+
+[Footnote 2: "She lived with her husband 42 years and was the mother
+of 9 children." She died 25 Dec. 1686, aged 73. (BERRY, Hist.
+Guernsey.)]
+
+Edmund Andros received his first considerable preferment by being made
+Gentleman in Ordinary to the Queen of Bohemia in 1660. He had
+undoubtedly been attracted to her service through the position of his
+uncle, Sir Robert Stone, who was Cup-bearer to that princess, and he
+was afterwards more closely allied to her friends in consequence of
+his marriage. Whether any part of his youthful years while he was a
+page in the Royal service, had been spent in her household or not, it
+is worthy of notice that as a young man Andros was in a position to
+acquire the accomplishments of a Court, and to behold Royalty in its
+most fascinating form.
+
+Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, was the only daughter of King James I. of
+England, and was born 19th August, 1596. She was married 27th Dec.
+1612, to Frederick V., Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria
+and Silesia, who was soon elected King of Bohemia, but lost all his
+possessions by the fortune of war. He died at Mentz, November 19th,
+1632, having had thirteen children, of whom the best known were Prince
+Rupert, and Sophia, wife of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover,
+mother of George I. of England.
+
+The Queen of Bohemia had shared the exile and misfortunes of her
+English relatives, and returned to England, 17th May, 1661. She died
+February 13th, 1662, at London.
+
+Historians have agreed in describing this princess as a most charming
+woman. JESSE (Court of England) writes thus: "Lively in her manners,
+affectionate in her disposition, and beautiful in her person; throwing
+a charm and a refinement over the social intercourse of life; she yet
+possessed with all these qualities, a strength of mind which never
+became masculine; talents which were never obtrusive, and a warmth of
+heart which remained with her to the end." "In prosperity modest and
+unassuming; in adversity surmounting difficulties and dignifying
+poverty, her character was regarded with enthusiasm in her own time,
+and has won for her the admiration of posterity." "In the Low
+Countries she was so beloved as to be styled 'the Queen of Hearts.'"
+
+During her long widowhood, her chief adviser and friend was William,
+Earl of Craven, and it was to the sister of the chosen heir to a
+portion of the honors of this nobleman, that Edmund Andros was
+married, in 1671. It has been believed that the Earl of Craven was
+married to the Queen, and he was certainly one of the bravest and most
+honored gentlemen of his time.
+
+In 1666, Andros was made Major of a Regiment of foot, which was sent
+to America. DUNCAN writes that Andros distinguished himself in the war
+against the Dutch, and was in 1672, "commander of the forces in
+Barbados and had obtained the reputation of being skilled in American
+affairs."
+
+In February, 1671, Andros married Marie, oldest daughter of Thomas
+Craven of Appletreewick, co. York, and thus sister to the "heir in
+reversion to the Barony of Hamsted-Marshall." This match is a
+sufficient proof of the estimation in which he was held, as the lady
+was sister of the designated heir of the Earl of Craven, his former
+patron. The pedigree of the Cravens will be best understood by the
+annexed tabular statement.[3] The "Peerages" have left the matter
+obscure, but it has been rendered plain by some articles in "Notes
+and Queries" for 1868. The Earl of Craven, after the death of his
+brothers, entailed the Barony on his more distant cousins of
+Appletreewick, omitting the issue of his uncle Anthony Craven. At his
+death, April 9th, 1697, the title passed to William Craven, nephew of
+Lady Andros.
+
+[Footnote 3:
+
+                John Craven = ----
+                            |
+  +-------------------------+----------------+
+  |                                          |
+  Henry of       = ---- dau. of           William = Beatrix, dau. of
+  Appletreewick. | ---- Sherwood.                 | John Hunter.
+                 |                       +--------+----------------+
+                 |                       |                         |
+             Robert = Mary, dau.   Sir William = Elizabeth,     Anthony = ----
+                    | of ----      Lord Mayor  | dau. of                |
+                    | Brockden.    of London.  | Wm. Whitmore.          |
+                    |                          |                        |
+                    |           +--------------+--------------+         |
+                    |           |              |              |         |
+                    |        William         John          Thomas       |
+                    |        Earl of         Lord Craven   d. _s.p._    |
+                    |        Craven.         of Ryton.                  |
+                    |        d. _s.p._       d. _s.p._                  |
+                    |                                                   |
+      +-------------+-----------------+-------------------------+       |
+      |                               |                         |       |
+  Sir William = Mary, dau. of   Sir Thomas = Anne, dau.   Sir Anthony   |
+  of          | Ferdinando,                | of Francis        =        |
+  Lenchwike,  | Visct.                     | Proctor,     Elizabeth     |
+  d. 1665,    | Fairfax,                   | of           dau. of Baron |
+  ęt. 46.     | of Cameron.                | Beckwith.    Pelnitz       |
+              |                            |              d. _s.p._     |
+      +-------------+                      |                            |
+      |             |                      |                            |
+   William       Elizabeth = Theophilus    |                            |
+   d. _v.p._                 Leigh.        |                            |
+   Aug. 13, 1665,                          |                            |
+   ęt. 16.                                 |                            |
+                                           |                            |
+        +--------------------------+------+--------++                   |
+        |                          |               ||                   |
+  Sir William      = Mary, dau.  Mary = Sir E.   Alice = Wm. Topham     |
+  b. 21 Aug. 1638. | of Sir             Andros.  Margaret = Christopher |
+  d. 24 Oct. 1695. | Christopher                            Dauson.     |
+                   | Chapham of                                         |
+                   | Beamsley,                                          |
+                   | co. York.                                          |
+                   |                                                    |
+              +----+------------+++                +--------------------+
+              |                 |||                |
+           William,                             Thomas = Margaret Craven,
+           b. 4 Oct. 1668,                             | dau. of Robt
+           2d Lord Craven,                             | d. 23 Feb. 1702,
+           of Hampsted Marshall.                       | aged 80.
+                                                       |
+       +----------------------+------------------------+
+       |                      |                        |
+  Sir William  = Mary,    Sir Robert = Margaret.  Sir Anthony =   Theodosia,
+  of Winwick,    dau. of  d. 4 Oct.               Bart. of        dau. of
+  d. Mch, 1707,  George   1672,                   Spersholt,      Sir Wm.
+  ęt. 73.        Clerke.  ęt. 40.                 1661, d. 1713.  Wiseman.]
+
+It is possible that Andros came to England for the marriage, and
+returned to Barbados; but we think it more probable that the regiment
+had been recalled to England. DUNCAN states that in April, 1672, a
+regiment raised for Prince Rupert was armed for the first time with
+the bayonet, that Andros was made Major, and the four Barbados
+companies then under his command were incorporated in it. In the same
+month, the proprietors of the Province of Carolina, of which the Earl
+of Craven was one, conferred on him the title of Landgrave, with four
+Baronies, containing 48,000 acres of land.
+
+In April, 1674, Andros succeeded his father in his estates in
+Guernsey, and 30 June, was sworn as Bailly of the island, the
+reversion of that office having been before granted him.
+
+We do not find mention of the occasion which recommended him to the
+attention of the Duke of York, but from his early attendance on the
+royal family, and his exceptional loyalty, he had probably long been
+known to that prince. Andros was accordingly selected to be the
+Governor of the Province of New York, which was claimed by the Duke,
+and had recently been restored to him by the Dutch. He arrived in
+this country, November 1st, 1674, accompanied by his wife.
+
+A brief notice of the events which had occurred in this country
+immediately before his arrival, may render his subsequent proceedings
+more intelligible to the reader.
+
+On the 27th of August, 1664, the Dutch Colony of New Netherland was
+surrendered to an English force under Col. Richard Nicolls. The King,
+Charles II., had already granted it, by patent dated 12 March, 1664,
+to his brother, the Duke of York. After it had been held by the
+English for over nine years, the Dutch had recaptured it, August 9,
+1673; but under the terms of the treaty of peace, it was restored to
+its English owners. In a letter dated 7/17 July, 1674, the Dutch
+embassadors wrote that they had complied with the orders from the
+States-General to notify the King that the Province would be delivered
+to his agent; that Edmund Andros had been designated as the person,
+and was to sail before the end of the week. (N.Y. Col. Doc. ii. 733.)
+The Colony at that time was estimated to contain between six and seven
+thousand white inhabitants, to which number were to be added the
+English settlers on Long Island. Andros's commission, which was dated
+July 1, 1674, made him "Lieutenant and Governor" over that part of
+Maine which was styled Pemaquid, Long Island, Nantucket and Martha's
+Vineyard, and the territory from the west side of Connecticut River to
+the east side of Delaware Bay. This latter territory comprised not
+only the State of New York, but Delaware, New Jersey and a large
+portion of Connecticut; the claim of the Duke of York to which
+domains was by no means undisputed.
+
+Andros was at the same time commissioned as captain of a regiment of
+foot, raised by the Duke of York for service in the Colony, and
+received the necessary money for the expenses attendant upon
+establishing the new government. He was accused by some of the Dutch
+colonists of having exacted a new and unlawful oath of allegiance from
+them, but this difficulty seems to have speedily subsided. His
+instructions had been explicit that he should not disturb those
+colonists who desired to remain in good faith, and we see no reason to
+doubt that Andros fulfilled his orders. He has left an account of his
+administration for the first three years (N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 254-7)
+from which we take the principal items.
+
+In October, 1674, he says, that having received possession of New York
+and reduced the east end of Long Island, he took in hand the turbulent
+at various other places; these once quieted, the country had been
+peaceful ever since. The next summer he commenced to press the Duke's
+claim to that part of the country between the Hudson and Connecticut
+rivers. He therefore wrote several letters to the Governor and General
+Court of Connecticut, but it may easily be believed that the claim was
+only a matter of form. In fact, both parties had a patent for the same
+land, since the Connecticut Charter covered all the land from the
+Narragansett Bay, due west to the South Sea, and the Duke of York's
+territory was to be carved from this domain. Andros indeed says with
+truth that the English claim had been abandoned, since under that
+patent Connecticut might claim "New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland,
+Carolina and the Spanish West Indies," as well as all New York. The
+Duke of York was not disposed to press the matter, and wrote to Andros
+in January, 1675-6, that he approved of the demand, as preserving his
+title entire, but hoped for some more convenient method of adjusting
+the boundaries in the future; the only stipulation he made, was that
+the Connecticut men should not approach within twenty miles of the
+Hudson River. Within a month, however, the hostile attitude of the
+Indians compelled the eastern colonists to apply to Andros for aid in
+the alarming position of affairs. On the 1st of July, 1675, a letter
+was sent by Gov. Winthrop of Connecticut to New York, and Andros not
+only was "much troubled at the Christians' misfortunes and hard
+disasters in those parts," but he proposed to start at once, with a
+force "ready to take such resolutions as may be fit for me," and to
+make the best of his way to Connecticut River; "his royal Highness's
+bounds," as he significantly termed them.
+
+This was more than the colonists had anticipated; yet they were
+unwilling to bring the dispute of boundaries to an open rupture,
+especially at such a time. Andros, therefore, was allowed to come to
+Saybrook with his two small vessels, and was met by Robert Chapman and
+Thomas Bull in behalf of the Colony. Various protests were exchanged,
+and Andros caused the Duke of York's Charter and his commission to be
+read. After this ceremony, he declared he should depart immediately
+unless desired to stay. In return, the agents of the Colony, who had
+studiously disavowed any share in these proceedings, read a protest
+on the part of Connecticut. And so "his Honor was guarded with the
+town soldiers to the waterside, went on board, and presently fell down
+below the Fort, with salutes on both sides." (TRUMBULL, Col. Rec.
+Conn. ii. 584.) Thus both sides parted in peace, each content with its
+own performance; and a few years afterwards the boundary was settled
+by mutual concessions.
+
+Andros pursued his plans for protecting his Colony, furnished the
+necessary arms and ammunition, and disarmed the friendly Indians.
+Returning to New York, he called together the neighboring sachems and
+renewed the treaties with them; and in August, 1675, he proceeded to
+Albany, where he succeeded in gaining the friendship of the Mohawks
+and other powerful tribes. For nearly a year, till the death of
+Philip, August 12th, 1676, Massachusetts and Connecticut suffered from
+the barbarous incursions of the Indians. During this time, Andros, by
+his own account, had remained unwillingly idle, his offers of
+assistance having been rejected by his neighbors. He would have
+brought into the field his Mohawk allies, but the offer being slighted
+he could only keep them true to their allegiance, build forts and
+boats, and prevent any increase of Philip's forces. He seems in fact
+to have been greatly offended by the assertions of the Massachusetts
+Colony, that it was at Albany, and through his connivance, that the
+hostile Indians had obtained their supplies of arms and ammunition. He
+sent two gentlemen to Boston to obtain satisfaction, and received only
+a letter "clearing the magistrates, but not the generalty, still
+aspersed without any known cause, complaint or notice." So indignant
+was he at this false accusation, that after his arrival in England, he
+petitioned the King in Council to cause inquiry into the truth of the
+matter; to which the agents, William Stoughton and Peter Bulkley
+merely replied, that they were not furnished with the information, and
+that evil-minded persons might have sold ammunition to the Indians
+despite the Governor's prohibition; in short, while evading all
+concessions or apologies, they insinuated the truth of the charge.
+
+Towards the end of the summer of 1676, the Indian troubles broke out
+in the settlements in Maine, and though Massachusetts had taken
+possession of the Duke of York's territory of Pemaquid, Andros exerted
+himself to protect the settlers there, and sent an armed sloop
+thither.
+
+In June, 1677, he sent a force to Pemaquid and constructed a fort
+there, which he garrisoned with fifty men; and he undoubtedly
+contributed much to the pacification of that country for the next few
+years.
+
+In August, 1677, he visited Albany with an agent from Maryland, and
+there received anew the assurances of the friendship of the western
+Indians. At that time and place he received permission from the Duke
+of York to take a brief leave of absence, and we transcribe a few
+passages from the letter. "I am glad to find the quiet condition of
+your government notwithstanding the late troubles that have been in
+your neighbourhood." "In regard you express a desire to come for
+England for some time to look after your own concerns, if you shall
+towards the end of this summer continue to be of that mind, (not
+doubting your care to settle all things during your absence from your
+government in the best and safest manner), I do agree that you come
+away with the latest shipping, so as having the winter to yourself,
+you may be ready to return to your government with the first ships
+that go hence in the spring."
+
+Andros indeed, up to this time had merited the thanks of his employer.
+He had kept the country at peace, and had already made its revenue
+equal to its current expenses. The former laws in force during the
+English rule had been re-established, and it would seem that he had
+even tried to persuade the Duke of York to concede to the settlers
+some form of a legislative Assembly. (N.Y. Col. Doc. ii. 235.) He
+therefore communicated to the Council and General Court of Assizes, in
+October, the permission he had received to visit England, and arranged
+all matters likely to arise in his absence. On the 17th November,
+1677, he sailed from New York, not accompanied by his wife probably,
+as we find no mention of her.
+
+During his stay in England at this time, Sir Edmund Andros was
+knighted, a sufficient proof of the favor in which he was held at
+court. On the 8th April, 1678, he was called before the Committee for
+Trade and Plantations, and was examined in regard to affairs in New
+England as well as in his own Colony. His answer was quite elaborate,
+and is printed in the New York Colonial Documents, iii. 260-265. In
+regard to his own Colony of New York, he estimates the towns,
+villages, and parishes at about twenty-four in number, the militia as
+numbering 2,000, the value of all estates at £150,000. He thinks a
+substantial merchant is one worth £500 to £1,000, and a planter is
+rich who has half as much in moveables.
+
+His opinion of the settlements in New England certainly does not seem
+unfriendly. He states indeed that "the acts of trade and navigation
+are said, and is generally believed, not to be observed in the
+Colonies as they ought," yet he adds, "I do not find but the
+generality of the magistrates and people are well affected to the King
+and Kingdom, but most knowing no other government than their own,
+think it best and are wedded to and opinionate for it. And the
+magistrates and others in place, chosen by the people, think that they
+are obliged to assert and maintain said government all they can, and
+are Church-members and like so to be chosen, and to continue without
+any considerable alteration and change there, and depend upon the
+people to justify them in their actings."
+
+Andros at this time brought before the Council the matter of the false
+charge that he had supplied the Indians with ammunition, and the
+Agents for Massachusetts, William Stoughton and Peter Bulkley
+accordingly replied, promising "To do their utmost endeavour" to
+remove any misunderstanding between Sir Edmund and their government.
+
+On the 27th of May, 1678, he sailed for New York in the "Blossom,"
+taking with him William Pinhorne, James Graham, John White, John West
+and others, including his chaplain, the Rev. Charles Woolley, whose
+Journal was published in 1701.[4]
+
+[Footnote 4: It has been reprinted (New York, 1860) with notes by Dr.
+E.B. O'Callaghan.]
+
+He arrived on the 7th September, 1678, and found his Colony at peace,
+though there were still difficulties to be apprehended in dealing with
+the Indians. During the next two years Andros seems to have been much
+disturbed by controversies with some of the leading merchants, and
+complaints were freely made to the Duke of York that his Governor was
+dishonest. Accordingly, James wrote, May 24, 1680, to Andros, (N.Y.
+Col. Doc. iii. 283,) that he wished him to return to England "by the
+first convenience," turning over the government to Anthony Brockholst,
+the Lieutenant-Governor. Mr. John Lewen was sent hither as a special
+commissioner to investigate the accounts of the government, and his
+report (printed in N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 302-8) was decidedly
+unfavorable to Andros. The Governor, however, who had sailed from New
+York, January 7, 1681, was able to refute the charges made against
+him, and ends his reply as follows:--
+
+"Lastly, I answer to the whole report, I do find all the imputations
+upon myself to be wholly untrue and deny every part thereof."... "But
+if any objections or doubts remain, I am still ready to subject them
+to the greatest scrutiny his Royal Highness shall think fit, not
+doubting his Royal Highness's justice and my own vindication." (N.Y.
+Col. Doc. iv. 313.)
+
+We have learned nothing respecting Andros's position in England for
+the next five years, except that he was in favor at Court, being, in
+1683, sworn Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to the King, Charles II. He
+very probably devoted his attention to his estates in Guernsey, as in
+this year he and his wife received from the Crown a grant of the
+Island of Alderney for ninety-nine years, at a rent of thirteen
+shillings. In 1685, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Princess of
+Denmark's Regiment of Horse, commanded by the Earl of Scarsdale.
+
+The accession of James II. however, February, 1685, opened a new
+prospect of advancement. Andros seems to have been a staunch member of
+the Church of England, but his long intimacy with the Duke of York had
+doubtless given that Prince a favorable impression of his abilities.
+The Charter of Massachusetts, after a contest extending through many
+years, had been declared vacated, October 23rd, 1684. The notorious
+Col. Piercy Kirke[5] had been designated as the new Governor by
+Charles II. and confirmed by James, but New England had been spared
+the affliction of his presence. Joseph Dudley had been commissioned as
+President of the Council, and served as chief magistrate from May
+15th, 1686, till December 19th following.
+
+[Footnote 5: Not much is known of Col. Piercy Kirke. His father was
+Col. Lewis Kirke, who in 1642-3 commanded the Royal forces in the
+defence of Reading against the troops under Hampden. (Lord Nugent's
+Life of Hampden, ii. 339-343.) Some account of Kirke is given in
+"Notes and Queries," 2nd S. viii. 472. It seems that Piercy Kirke, in
+1673, served under the Duke of Monmouth in the army of the King of
+France. In 1675, he was Captain-Lieutenant in the Royal regiment of
+Horse-Guards; and in 1680, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2nd
+Tangier regiment. He was soon after made Colonel of this regiment, and
+in 1682 was transferred to the Queen's regiment. In 1684, he came with
+his regiment to England, and was employed under the Earl of Feversham
+during Monmouth's rebellion. His conduct after that revolt was
+quelled, has covered his name with infamy, and Macauley has drawn his
+character in vivid colors. He was made Brigadier-General in 1685, was
+one of those who joined William of Orange, and distinguished himself
+at the battle of the Boyne in 1690. He was promoted to the rank of
+Lieutenant-General in the same year, was sent to the army in Flanders,
+and died at Breda, October 31, 1691.
+
+He married Lady Mary Howard, daughter of George, fourth Earl of
+Suffolk. From the identity of names it is probable that his son was
+the Percy Kirke who in 1735 was a Brigadier-General, commanding the
+King's Own Regiment of Foot.]
+
+Andros was commissioned Governor in chief in and over the dominion of
+New England, June 3, 1686, though his appointment is spoken of as
+settled, in a letter from Randolph, dated at Boston, July 28th of that
+year. (Hutchinson Papers, ii. 288, Prince Society's edition.)
+
+It would seem as if Andros had received less than justice from the
+historians of Massachusetts. HUTCHINSON (Hist. i. 353) writes of him,
+"he was less dreaded than Kirke, but he was known to be of an
+arbitrary disposition. He kept a correspondence with the Colony whilst
+he was Governor of New York. His letters then discovered much of the
+dictator." So PALFREY (iii. 517) in his admirable History, says that
+James "had known Andros many years as a person of resolution and
+capacity, of arbitrary principles, and of habits and tastes absolutely
+foreign to those of the Puritans of New-England; and could scarcely
+have been ignorant of his personal grudge against Massachusetts, on
+account of old affronts. It was not to be doubted that here was a man
+prepared to be as oppressive and offensive as the King desired."
+
+It is certainly but justice to an officer who filled so many important
+positions to the entire satisfaction of employers so different as
+James II. and William of Orange, to scrutinize with deliberation such
+charges against his character, and to insist upon undoubted evidence
+of his personal iniquities.
+
+One thing seems evident, the government now imposed on New England was
+not the act of Andros, nor is there any proof that he sought the
+position of Governor. Randolph indeed had labored for years to effect
+the downfall of the Charter government; and as PALFREY has shown in
+successive chapters, in aid of the same purpose were the efforts of
+English merchants whose trade was injured by the commercial enterprise
+of Massachusetts, and the denunciations of English politicians, who
+considered the Charter government an infringement of the Royal
+prerogative. We have seen no evidence of Andros's complicity with
+these enemies of New England, and no proof of an unfriendly
+disposition when he accepted office.
+
+It will hardly be imputed to Andros as a fault that he took the view
+of the Royal authority which prevailed at Court. As a subordinate,
+appointed to a certain position to carry out a certain policy, he had
+no choice but to obey or resign. In carrying out the commands of his
+master, he can only be blamed if his conduct was cruel or even harsh,
+in excess of his instructions. It will certainly be difficult, we
+think, to fasten any such stigma upon Andros. Leaving his political
+offences, for which the King was responsible, what personal charges
+can be substantiated against him?
+
+It is evident that no person was executed for a political offence, and
+that none of the atrocities of Jeffreys or Lauderdale were repeated in
+this country. It is equally evident that no one was fined or
+imprisoned for non-conformity to the Church of England, and the
+contrast with the mother country is entirely in our favor. If the
+fees exacted were excessive, a point hereafter to be considered, was
+Andros a gainer thereby? From a report made at the time, and printed
+in N.Y. Colonial Documents, iv. 263, it appears that Andros was paid a
+fixed salary in 1686, of £1200 sterling; in 1687, the same, and in
+1688, £1400 sterling, out of the revenue. We have yet to learn of any
+claim made against Andros for fees illegally collected or for public
+money mis-appropriated. PALMER indeed, in his Impartial Account, makes
+a strong defense for Andros on this head. The Council were all old
+residents; the Secretary and Collector, who received the greatest
+fees, were not appointed by Andros, and indeed Randolph quarrelled
+with him. The Treasurer was John Usher, who continued to reside here
+after the downfall of Andros, and the Chief Justice was Dudley. It is
+hardly probable that Andros was responsible for the appointment of any
+of the higher officials, nor should he be justly charged with the
+table of fees which was fixed for their benefit by a committee of the
+Council.
+
+Reduced to plain statements, the personal charges against Andros seem
+to be, first, a zeal for Episcopacy, which led him to insist upon
+having a place for Church services in one of the Boston meeting-houses
+for a time; and secondly, a rude or insolent carriage towards his
+disaffected subjects.
+
+As to the first, the facts are patent, and they do not seem to
+constitute a very heinous offence. It was undeniably a great annoyance
+to the members of the Old South Church, to have the Governor use the
+building for Episcopal services, but as they were held only when "the
+building was not occupied by the regular congregation," (PALFREY, iii.
+522,) we cannot greatly censure Andros for his course.
+
+As to his treatment of persons accused of misdemeanors, we find but
+one instance which was worthy of censure. The case of the Rev. Mr.
+Wiswall of Duxbury, as narrated at p. 100 of this volume, is an
+evidence of inhumanity on the part of some one. If he were compelled
+to journey and appear before the Council when disabled by gout, it was
+an act disgraceful to the authorities; yet we must add, that Andros is
+not accused directly of being the persecutor. The other instances sink
+into insignificance, and at most prove only that Andros was a
+passionate man, who did not hesitate to express uncomplimentary
+opinions very freely. When Andros "called the people of the country
+Jacks and Toms;" and when, the constables having made an address to
+Sir Edmund as to how they should keep the peace if the sailors from
+the Frigate made a fray, "he fell into a great rage and did curse them
+and said they ought to be sent to Gaol and ordered Mr. West to take
+their names,"--we cannot on that account rank him with Kirke or
+Claverhouse.
+
+So in two cases cited by his accusers, in pages 107 and 111 following:
+when certain impertinent busy-bodies brought an Indian to testify that
+Andros was engaged in a conspiracy to bring on an Indian War,--a story
+whose folly was only equalled by the harm it might cause if believed
+by the people,--Andros contented himself with ridiculing them, though
+afterwards they were fined by the courts. To prove that he
+discountenanced making defence against the Indians, his opponents
+offer the testimony of certain village officials, whose affidavits
+prove only that Sir Edmund probably had read Shakespeare.
+
+We fail, therefore, to see any evidence that Andros was cruel,
+rapacious, or dishonest; we know of no charge affecting his morality,
+and we find a hasty temper the most palpable fault to be imputed to
+him.
+
+To return to our sketch of his public acts. He arrived at Boston, a
+place which he had before visited in October, 1680, to wait upon Lord
+Culpepper, (N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 308,) in the "Kingfisher," Sunday,
+December 19, 1686, and landed the next day attended by about sixty
+soldiers. He was received with great acclamation of joy, and was
+escorted by a great number of merchants and others, to the Town House.
+He at once proceeded to organize his government, which it must be
+remembered, as constituted by his commission, was composed of the
+Governor and his Council. The other officers, judges, collectors, &c.,
+were at hand, and the objects of the new rulers were soon disclosed.
+By losing their Charter and its representative form of government, the
+colonists had lost the privilege of taxing themselves. The Governor
+and Council imposed the tax; and when the inhabitants of the town of
+Ipswich attempted to resist the law, the patriotic leaders of the
+movement were tried, fined and imprisoned. The judges were Dudley,
+Stoughton, Usher and Randolph. This trial ended all attempts to
+dispute this claim of the government, but it was only the natural
+result of the forfeiture of the Charter, and in no sense the act of
+the Governor.
+
+The other claim of the Crown was to the ownership of all the land,
+which involved two questions, viz. as to lands already owned by the
+settlers, and waste lands. The government held that private titles
+were invalid, unless confirmed by the Crown on the payment of a quit
+rent. Preposterous as this doctrine may seem, it had staunch
+defenders, and Andros was in earnest in enforcing it. Many complied
+with the requirements of the government, but the work was not
+completed when the Revolution came. As to Andros's share of the blame,
+Palmer makes the best defence, when he points out that Writs of
+Intrusion were brought only against a few persons to test the right,
+and these persons were those able to contest the question, and not
+obscure individuals. The moral question as to waste lands is more
+difficult of decision, since the argument is not without force, that
+it was better for Andros to grant them to persons who would improve
+them, than for the towns to hold them, unimproved, as commons.
+
+Among the earliest acts of Andros, was his extending his authority
+over New Hampshire, Plymouth and Rhode Island, as well as Maine and
+Massachusetts. In October, 1687, he visited Hartford, and took the
+government of Connecticut also into his hands, and he afterwards
+traveled through that Colony. The first few months of 1688 were spent
+at Boston in consolidating the legislation necessary for the future
+guidance of the government.
+
+He had at this time the misfortune to lose his wife, who died January
+22, 1687-8, and was buried in the church-yard adjoining King's
+Chapel.[6]
+
+[Footnote 6: In TRUMBULL'S Conn. Records, iii. 437, is a letter from
+John West to John Allen at Hartford. It is dated January 21st,
+(Saturday,) and states that he writes to let Allen "know the great
+griefe and sorrow wee are in for my Lady Andros, who since Tuesday
+last was sevenight hath been extreamly ill, and soe continues almost
+at the Court of Death, and is a greate affliction to his Excellency
+who is most passionately concerned. If it should please God to call
+her to himselfe, wee should all have a greate losse of a right good
+and vertuous Lady."
+
+In a postscript West adds--"January 26th. Mr. Belcher not proceeding
+on his intended Journey, have opportunity to add that on Sunday last
+the Lady Andros departed this life, to the great griefe and sorrow of
+his Excellency and all that knew her."
+
+As to the funeral, the following account is given in Judge Sewall's
+Diary, quoted in BRIDGMAN'S King's Chapel Epitaphs, p. 318. "Between 4
+and 5 I went to the funeral of the Lady Andros, having been invited by
+the Clark of the South Company. Between 7 and 8 (lychns illuminating
+the cloudy air) the corpse was carried into the herse drawn by six
+horses, the soldiers making a guard from the Governor's house down the
+Prison Lane to the South meeting-house; there taken out and carried in
+at the western door, and set in the alley before the pulpit, with six
+mourning women by it. House made light with candles and torches. There
+was a great noise and clamor to keep people out of the house that they
+might not rush in too soon. I went home."]
+
+In April, 1688, Andros visited Portsmouth and Pemaquid, where he
+repaired the fort, and proceeding to Penobscot, he seized some
+property of Castine, a Frenchman who had settled there among the
+Indians. Returning to Boston, "he found a great promotion awaiting him
+in a new commission, creating him Governor of all the English
+possessions on the mainland, except Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland
+and Virginia."[7] His command embraced New England, New York and New
+Jersey, with its capital at Boston.
+
+[Footnote 7: PALFREY, iii. 558, 561, 562.]
+
+In July, August and September, 1688, Andros made a tour through the
+Colonies, going through the Jerseys, and visiting New York city,
+Albany and Hartford. During this visit he had held a conference with
+the chiefs of the Five Nations, and had notified the Governor of
+Canada that these tribes were under the protection of the English. He
+must therefore have been surprised and disgusted to find that
+hostilities were imminent in the Colony of Maine. The cause of this
+outbreak was probably the resentment of Castine, whose property had
+been taken by Andros in the spring, and whose influence with the
+Penobscots was great.
+
+At first, the Governor tried the effect of conciliation, but finding
+this useless, he collected some seven hundred troops,[8] and in
+November, 1688, he proceeded to Maine to defend the settlers there. He
+established and garrisoned several forts, a list of which will be
+found in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. 3rd S. i. 85. At Pemaquid, he received
+information of the probable designs of the Prince of Orange upon
+England, and January 10th, 1689, he issued the Proclamation which will
+be found on p. 75 of the present volume.
+
+[Footnote 8: PALFREY, iii. 568.]
+
+He returned to Boston early in March,[9] and the chief event of that
+month was the accusation that he had entered into a conspiracy with
+the Indians against the Colony, a base and foolish calumny. On the 4th
+of April, 1689, the news of the landing of the Prince of Orange in
+England was brought to Boston from Nevis by John Winslow, who had a
+copy of the Prince's Declaration. Andros had been previously warned
+however, by his friends in New York.
+
+[Footnote 9: Ibid, iii. 570.]
+
+From this time until the 18th of April, there were doubtless plots and
+conspiracies without end. On that day the people of Boston rose
+against Andros and his government, but no hint is given us of the real
+contrivers of the revolution. PALFREY, iii. 579, writes, "It would be
+very interesting to know when and how the rising in Boston was
+projected. But conspirators do not show their hands while they are at
+their game; and after the settlement under King William, it became
+altogether unsuitable for those who had been privy to the facts to let
+it be known that the insurrection at Boston was a movement independent
+of his enterprise." The contemporary accounts of the proceedings are
+numerous and full of detail. BYFIELD'S Account was printed very soon
+and will be found in this volume; HUTCHINSON gives in his History, (i.
+374-377,) a copy of a letter sent to Gov. Hinckley; PALFREY in the
+notes to his History, gives a number of citations from original
+papers, including the narrative of John Riggs, a servant of Sir
+Edmund's; and last, O'CALLAGHAN, (N.Y. Col. Documents, iii. 722,)
+prints Andros's own version. The events themselves are so fully
+described in the following pages, that it is necessary to say only
+that Andros, who was in the fort on Fort-hill, was obliged to
+surrender on the first day, April 18th, and was lodged under guard at
+Mr. Usher's house. On the 19th he was forced to order the surrender of
+the Castle in the harbor, and the Rose frigate was also given up and
+partially dismantled. A provisional government was at once formed, and
+Andros was transferred to the custody of John Nelson at the fort. We
+have printed in the present collection a statement by the Captain of
+the Castle, of the good treatment afforded Andros and his companions.
+It seems by BYFIELD'S story, that Sir Edmund made an unsuccessful
+attempt to escape disguised in woman's apparel, in April; he was more
+successful on the 2nd of August, when by the treachery of one of the
+corporals, he escaped from the Castle and reached Rhode Island.
+Waiting there too long, probably for some vessel bound to New York or
+to England, he was captured by Major Sanford and sent back to his
+former prison.
+
+The following named persons were imprisoned with Andros. (R.I.
+Records, iii. 257.) "Joseph Dudley, Judge Palmer, Mr. Randolph, Lt.
+Col. Lidgett, Lt. Col. Macgregry, Captain George, Major Brockholes,
+Mr. Graham, Mr. West, Captain Treffry, Mr. Justice Bullivant, Mr.
+Justice Foxcroft, Captain White, Captain Ravencroft, Ensign Pipin, Dr.
+Roberts, Mr. Farewell, Mr. Jemeson, Mr. Kane, Mr. Broadbent, Mr. James
+Sherlock, sheriff, Mr. Larkin, Captain Manning, Lt. Jordaine, Mr.
+Cutler,"--25 in all, to which BYFIELD adds Mr. Crafford and Mr. Smith,
+and HUTCHINSON says that the number seized and confined amounted to
+about fifty. Probably some were soon released, or were too obscure in
+rank to be recorded.
+
+It is our intention now to trace the personal fortunes of the deposed
+Governor, rather than the course of his successors. He was kept
+prisoner until February, 1690, when, in accordance with an order from
+England, Sir Edmund and his companions were sent thither for trial.
+The order, which was caused by letters which they had managed to
+convey to the Court, was dated July 30, 1689, but it did not reach
+Boston till very late in the year, and the prisoners were sent by the
+first opportunity.[10]
+
+[Footnote 10: See HUTCHINSON, i. 392; R.I. Records, iii. 256.]
+
+The Colony sent over Elisha Cooke and Thomas Oakes to assist their
+agents, Sir Henry Ashurst and Increase Mather, in prosecuting their
+charges against Sir Edmund and his associates. We find in the New York
+Col. Documents, iii. 722, and also in R.I. Records, iii. 281, an
+account by Sir Edmund of his administration, which is termed by
+PALFREY (iii. 587) "extremely disingenuous," though we cannot assent
+to this term. In it he says that he and his friends were sent to
+England "where, after summons given to the pretended agents of New
+England, and their twice appearance at the Council Board, nothing
+being objected by them or others, they were discharged."
+
+HUTCHINSON, indeed, (i. 394,) attempts to lay the blame of this
+release of Andros and his more guilty associates, upon Sir John
+Somers, the counsel employed by the agents. It may be nearer the truth
+to say that Andros had committed no crime for which he could be
+punished, and that he had in no way exceeded or abused the powers
+conferred upon him.
+
+At all events, Andros was favorably received at home, and in 1692 was
+appointed Governor of Virginia, to which command was joined that of
+Maryland. "He brought over to Virginia the Charter of William and Mary
+College, of which he laid the foundation. He encouraged manufactures
+and the cultivation of cotton in that Colony, regulated the
+Secretary's office, where he commanded all the public papers and
+records to be sorted and kept in order, and when the State House was
+burned, had them carefully preserved, and again sorted and registered.
+By these and other commendable acts, he succeeded in gaining the
+esteem of the people, and in all likelihood would have been still more
+useful to the Colony had his stay been longer, but his administration
+closed in November, 1698." (O'CALLAGHAN, Woolley's Journal, p. 67.)
+
+Strangely enough, the Governor who in Massachusetts was chiefly hated
+for his love of Episcopacy, was overthrown in Virginia for quarrelling
+with the Church authorities. The Earl of Bellomont writes in 1690, in
+a letter printed in N.Y. Col. Doc. iv. 490, "Sir Edmund Andros for
+quarreling with Doctor Blair in Virginia, brought the resentment of
+the Bishop of London and the Church (they say) on his head, which is
+the reason he has lost his government, and by the same rule they would
+get me recalled by making this a church quarrel." Bishop Meade in his
+"Old Churches and Families of Virginia," i. 157-8, gives some account
+of this controversy. The opponent of Andros was the Rev. James Blair,
+Commissary of the Bishop of London and President of the College, who
+seems to have passed nearly all his life in disputes with successive
+Governors; and it is no proof that Andros was in the wrong that he was
+recalled and superseded. The record of the trial of Dr. Blair is
+preserved at Lambeth, the result being that he returned triumphant
+with a good sum of money for his College.
+
+Sir Edmund soon reappears, however, as the recipient of Court favor,
+being in 1704 appointed Governor of Guernsey, an office which he held
+for two years, retaining also the post of Bailiff of the Island, which
+he had for life. This is nearly the last we learn of him, and his age,
+nearly seventy years, must have debarred him from farther service. We
+find his name indeed among the new members in the "Proceedings of the
+Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 20 Feb.
+1712-3 to 19 Feb. 1713-4;"[11] and this was in the last year of his
+life, as he was buried at St. Anne's, Soho, Westminster, London, 27th
+Feb. 1713-4, in his 76th year.
+
+[Footnote 11: Communicated by W.S. Appleton, Esq.]
+
+There remain to be noticed only a few items in respect to Sir Edmund's
+marriages, all occurring after his return from Virginia.
+
+We do not know how soon after the death of his first wife in 1688 he
+married again; but the examination made for us by Joseph L. Chester,
+Esq., of London, shows that Sir Edmund's second wife was Elizabeth,
+third daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Crispe of Quekes, co. Kent.
+Her father, who died in 1680, was the oldest son of Thomas Crispe,
+Esq. of Gondhurst, co. Kent, nephew and heir-male of Henry Crispe of
+Quekes. She was a widow, having married first Christopher Clapham,
+(son of Sir Christopher Clapham, Knt. of Clapham, co. York,) who died
+15th November, 1677, and was buried in Birchington Church, Isle of
+Thanet, co. Kent: by him she had but one child, Christopher Clapham,
+who is mentioned in Andros's Will. It may be added, that Sir William
+Craven, brother of the first Lady Andros, married Mary Clapham, a
+sister-in-law of this Mrs. Elizabeth Clapham. The connection between
+the families rendered this second marriage of Andros the more
+natural.
+
+The second Lady Andros was buried at St. Giles'-in-the-Fields, co.
+Middlesex, August 18th, 1703.
+
+Sir Edmund married thirdly, April 21st, 1707, Elizabeth Fitzherbert,
+of whose family nothing has been found. She survived him and was
+buried at St. Anne's, Soho, February 12th, 1716-17. He left no issue
+by any of his wives, though representatives of the family, in the line
+of his nephew, still reside at Guernsey.
+
+In reviewing the long public career of Sir Edmund Andros, we are
+struck not less by the amount of work which he performed than by the
+censures which his services incurred. He was the Governor at times of
+every Royal Province on the mainland, and exercised a larger influence
+than any other of the rulers sent hither by Great Britain. He was
+repeatedly accused of dishonesty and oppression, yet he passed
+harmless through repeated examinations only to receive fresh
+promotion. He was apparently the chosen follower of James, and yet
+there is no reason to suspect him of any disloyalty to his country at
+the anxious period when that monarch was striving to retain his
+throne. He was intrusted by William with the government of Virginia,
+and was honored by Queen Anne; thus holding office under four
+successive monarchs. Surely there must have been some noble traits of
+character in a man thus perpetually involved in contests and thus
+invariably successful.
+
+It is certainly to be regretted that we have been led to form our
+opinion of Andros from the reports of men who were deeply interested
+in maligning him. That his government was distasteful to the citizens
+of Massachusetts is undeniable, but no man sent here to perform the
+same duty would have been acceptable. In reality the grievance of the
+colonists lay in the destruction of their Charter, and filled with
+hatred to those who had thus deprived them of this accustomed liberty,
+they were at enmity with every form of government that might be
+imposed in its place. The leaders indeed found that a restoration of
+the Charter was impossible, but Increase Mather's letters testify how
+reluctantly the people acquiesced, and how sharply he was blamed for
+not effecting impossibilities.
+
+As to the government of Andros, we fail to see in it any special
+hardships or persecution. He himself declares that he levied for the
+expenses of the State only the usual annual tax of a penny in the
+pound, which had been the rate for the previous fifty years. If other
+officers, not appointed by him, nor under his control, charged
+unmerciful fees, that was a matter to be urged against them. It is a
+significant fact, however, that most of these officers remained in
+America and were unmolested. If under instructions from the Crown, and
+fortified by the opinions of English judges, he attempted to collect
+rent for lands which the settlers claimed were their own, unless he
+used fraud or violence, he should no more be blamed than the lawyers
+employed in the cases.
+
+We see then no reason to doubt that Sir Edmund Andros was an upright
+and honorable man, faithful to his employers, conscientious in his
+religious belief, an able soldier, possessed of great administrative
+abilities, a man worthy to be ranked among the leaders of his time. He
+may have been hasty of speech, yet his words were followed by no acts
+of revenge; he may have been proud of his ancestry and his position at
+Court, yet we find no evidence that his pride exceeded the bounds of
+decorum. He was singularly fortunate in acquiring the affection of the
+Indians at a time when their good-will was of immense importance; and
+his overthrow was the precursor of one of the most disastrous Indian
+wars that New England ever experienced.
+
+It should be remembered, finally, that he labored under the
+disadvantage of being here at the time of a transition in affairs. He
+was fast building up a party here of those who wished to assimilate
+Massachusetts to other portions of the British empire. There were
+many, and those not the poorest or least educated, who were sorry when
+the reaction succeeded for a time and the old rule was re-established.
+And yet the triumph was but nominal, for the old Charter and the old
+system were never restored. The Colony was destined to enter upon a
+new career which was to reach to the Revolution, and undoubtedly a
+potent influence at the outset was the breaking up of old associations
+effected by Andros. The only injustice we need to repair, is the
+mistaken idea that he was the ruling cause of the change--it was
+something far more powerful. Unless, therefore, we are disposed to
+quarrel with the progress of events, and to wish to restore our State
+to the primitive rule of the Puritan church, we should cease to make a
+bugbear of the instrument of its overthrow. We may class Andros rather
+among those statesmen, unwelcome but necessary, whose very virtues and
+abilities are detested in their lifetime, because they do so
+thoroughly their appointed work and initiate new periods in national
+history.
+
+
+
+
+WILL OF SIR EDMUND ANDROS.
+
+[Extracted from the Principal Registry of Her Majesty's Court of
+Probate, in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.]
+
+
+In the Name of God, Amen.
+
+I Sr. Edmund Andros of Guernsey and now residing in the parish of
+St Anne in the Liberty of Westminster in the County of Middlesex
+Knight being in health of body and of good and perfect memory praised
+be God do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner
+and form following that is to say First and principally I commend my
+soul into the hands of Almighty God my Creator trusting and assuredly
+hoping through the merits and mediation of my blessed Lord and Saviour
+Jesus Christ to inherit eternal life my body to be decently buried but
+without ostentation and as to the worldly estate it hath pleased God
+to bless me with I dispose thereof as followeth viz Imprs: I order
+and direct that all the just debts which I may happen to owe at my
+decease be forthwith paid----Item I give the sum of one hundred
+pounds for the placing of ten poor children to be apprentices to some
+trades or otherwise preferred according to the discretion of my
+Executor that is to say ten pounds for each child----Item
+Whereas I am entitled to two several annuities of fifty pounds p.
+annum each payable out of the Exchequer by virtue of an Act of
+Parliament whereof the order for payment for one is number one
+thousand and ninety four and therefore payment of the other is number
+four thousand three hundred seventy seven now for a further and better
+provision for Dame Elizabeth my wife I do give unto her the said two
+several annuities of fifty pounds p: ann: a piece together with the
+several Tallys and Orders relating thereunto for and during the term
+of her natural life only and I also give unto my said wife the sum of
+one hundred pounds to be paid to her immediately after my death which
+said several annuities for life and one hundred pounds I do hereby
+direct appoint and declare are for and in lieu of a jointure and in
+full recompence of her dower and are hereby given to my said wife upon
+condition that she shall not claim any interest right or title in or
+to any lands tenements or hereditaments of which I am or shall be
+seized at the time of my decease and if my said wife shall after my
+death claim any estate right title or interest in or to any of my
+lands tenements or hereditaments Then the bequest herein made unto her
+of the said several annuities and of the said one hundred pounds as
+aforesaid shall be void and of none effect and then and in such case I
+give the said several annuities and the said one hundred pounds unto
+my Executor hereinafter named----And from and after the decease
+of my said wife I also give the said two several annuities of fifty
+pounds each unto my Executor hereinafter named together with the
+Tallys & orders relating thereunto----Item I give the sum of
+two hundred pounds which is due to me by bond from Thomas Cooper near
+Maidstone in Kent taken in the name of my late sister in law Mrs
+Hannah Crispe and all the interest that shall be due thereupon unto
+Christopher Clapham Esq (son of my late dear deceased wife) if I do
+not in some other give or secure to the said Christopher Clapham the
+sd. debt of two hundred pounds and interest----Item I give
+to Edwin Wiat Esq Serjeant at Law (if he shall survive me) and in case
+of his death before me to his Executors Administrators or assigns the
+sum of three hundred pounds which is due and owing to me by mortgage
+made from Mrs Mary Hurt unto my said late wife by the name of
+Elizabeth Clapham Widow and all interest that shall be due thereupon
+and all my right and interest in and to the same upon this condition
+that the said Serjt. Wiat his executors administrators or assigns
+shall within six months next after my decease pay unto the said
+Christopher Clapham Esq the sum of two hundred pounds which sum I do
+give to the said Mr. Clapham out of the said debt----Item I
+give to my niece Elizabeth daughter of my late brother John Andros
+deceased the sum of two hundred pounds----Item I give to my
+niece Ann daughter of my said late brother John Andros the sum of one
+hundred pounds----Item I give to my nephew Cęsar son of my
+sd. late brother John Andros the sum of one hundred pounds----Item
+I give to my nephew Edmund son of my said late brother John Andros
+the yearly sum of twenty pounds for his maintenance which sd. yearly
+sum of twenty pounds my will is shall be paid by my Executor
+hereinafter named free from all taxes charges and payments whatsoever
+unto my said nephew Edmund or to such person or persons as shall from
+time to time have the care and keeping of him by equal half yearly
+payments for and during the term of his natural life that is to say at
+the feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Feast
+of St. Michael the Archangel the first payment to begin and to be made
+at such of the said feasts as shall first happen after my
+death----Item I give unto my nephew William son of my said late
+brother John Andros the sum of one hundred pounds----Item I give to my
+nephew George Son of my late brother George Andros deceased all my
+estate and interest in the Island of Alderney which I shall be seized
+or possessed of at the time of my death either in fee simple or for
+any term of years or otherwise howsoever in the said Island of
+Alderney together with all powers privileges and francises to me
+belonging and all my right title and interest thereto and I also give
+unto my said nephew George Andros the sum of five hundred pounds----Item
+whereas there is payable to me or my assigns out of the
+Exchequer and chargeable on the Revenue of Excise by Act of Parliament
+two several annuities of fifty pounds each whereof the order for one
+is number four hundred sixty three & the order for the other is number
+four hundred sixty four I do hereby give unto my said nephew George
+Andros the said two several annuitys or yearly sums of fifty pounds &
+all my term benefit & advantages in & to the same together with the
+Tallys and orders relating thereunto to be delivered to him
+immediately after my decease----Item I give to my niece Anne
+Lemesurier daughter of my said late Brother George Andros the sum of
+one hundred pounds----Item Whereas Cęsar Knapton Gent is indebted to
+me in several sums of money by bond mortgage or otherwise the mortgage
+being made to Ralph Marshall Esq & by him assigned to me in lieu of
+moneys had of mine I do hereby give unto the sd. Cęsar Knapton all
+such moneys as remains due to me from him & do also release unto him
+and his heirs all securities which I have for the same----Item I give
+to William Le Merchant Son of my late niece Elizabeth Le Merchant
+dec'ed the sum of one hundred pounds and to his sister Elizabeth the
+now wife of Mr. Elizea Le Merchant the like sum of one hundred
+pounds----Item I release and discharge my cousin Magdalen Andros Widow
+the Relict of my Cousin Amos Andros deceased and his heirs off and
+from all and every the sum and sums of money which is due and owing to
+me from the said Amos Andros by Bond or otherwise----Item I release &
+discharge my cousin Mary Andros (daughter of the said Amos Andros
+deceased) off and from all sum and sums of money charges and other
+expences whatsoever which I have disbursed or have been at for her
+late maintenance or might have or clayme any wise for the same and
+also I give unto her the said Mary Andros the sume of one hundred
+pounds and my mind and will is and I doe hereby direct that the
+several and respective legacies hereinbefore given shall be by my
+Executor hereinafter named paid or assigned to the said several
+legatees entitled thereto within one year next after my decease
+nevertheless my will is and I do hereby declare that the said several
+legacies hereinbefore given are given to the said several legatees
+respectively upon condition that they do not claim any other part of
+my estate than what is hereby given to them respectively and that if
+any or either of them or any other person or persons on their or any
+of their behalfs or claiming by or under them either or any of them
+shall or do clayme any part of my estate either real or personal other
+than what is by this my Will given to them respectively or shall in
+any wise molest hinder or disturb my nephews John Andros or his heirs
+or any claiming under him or them in the quiet possession or enjoyment
+thereof or shall upon his or their request refuse to release all his
+her or their claim interest or pretensions in or to all or any part or
+parcel of my estate other than what is hereinbefore respectively given
+to them That then and from thenceforth the legacy or legacys so given
+to him her or them respectively as aforesaid so claiming or refusing
+as aforesaid shall respectively cease determine and be utterly void
+and in such case I give the said legacy or legacys so as to be made
+void as aforesaid unto my said nephew John (eldest son of my said
+brother John Andros dec'ed) and his heirs----Item I give to Mrs.
+Margaret Baxter Widow the yearly sum of ten pounds to be paid to her
+tax free out of the interest rents issues and profits of the mortgage
+money hereinafter mentioned to be due to me from the estate of my late
+cousin Margaret Lowdon deceased by equal quarterly payments for and
+during the natural life of the said Mrs. Baxter the first payment
+whereof to begin and to be made at the end of three calendar months
+next after my decease----Item I discharge the heirs executors and
+administrators of the said Mrs. Margaret Lowdon of and from all
+interest money that shall remain due to me at the time of my decease
+over and above what sums of money she did in her lifetime pay and
+which they or any of them shall have paid to me or by my order for the
+sum of four hundred pounds which is due to me on the mortgage of her
+estate in Harron Alley without Aldgate London----Item all other my
+estate whatsoever both real and personal in Great Britain Guernsey or
+elsewhere not herein disposed of after all my debts legacies and
+funeral expences shall be paid and satisfied I give devise and
+bequeath unto my said nephew John (eldest son of my said late brother
+John Andros deceased) and to his heirs----But my will is that my said
+nephew John or his heirs shall within two years after my decease (if
+not built before) build a good suitable house on or at the Manor of
+Saēmares in Guernsey aforesaid and if the said John or his heires
+shall not in that time build such house (if not built before) Then my
+Will is and I do hereby direct and appoint my said nephew John or his
+heires to pay the sum of five hundred pounds unto my said nephew
+George Andros within one year after his or their neglect to build such
+house as aforesaid and I do hereby make ordain constitute and appoint
+my said nephew John Andros (in case he survives me) Sole Executor of
+this my last Will and Testament----But if my said nephew John Andros
+shall be then dead then and in such case I make his heirs male Sole
+Executor of this my last Will and Testament----And I do hereby
+revoke annul and make void all former wills by me made declaring this
+to be my last Will and Testament----In witness whereof to this my last
+Will and Testament contained in five sheets of paper I have to each of
+the said sheets sett my hand and seal the nineteenth day of July Anno
+Dom: 1712 and in the eleventh year of the reign of our Sovereign Lady
+Anne by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland Queen
+Defender of the Faith
+
+E. ANDROS.
+
+     Signed sealed declared and published by the said Sir Edmund
+     Andros to be his last Will and Testament in the presence of
+     the Witnesses hereunder written which said Witnesses
+     subscribed their names in the presence of the said Sir
+     Edmund Andros--James Spenceley--Rob: Hodson Jno.  Hodson--
+
+Probatum fuit hujus modi Testamentum apud London coram Venerabili Viro
+Johanne Andrew Legum Doctore Surrogato Pręhonorandi viri Domini Caroli
+Hodges Militis Legum Etiam Doctoris Curię Prerogativę Cantuariensis
+Magistri Custodis Sive Commissarii legitime constituti Octavo die
+mensis Martii Anno D'ni Millesimo Septingentesimo decimo tertio
+juramento Johannis Andros Armigeri Executoris in dicto Testamento
+nominati Cui Commissa fuit administratio omnium et singulorum bonorum
+jurium et creditorum dicti defuncti de bene et fideliter administrando
+eadem ad Sancta Dei Evangelii Jurat.
+
+[Illustration: From Sir Edmund's official Seal used in New England.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE PRECEDING MEMOIR.
+
+
+Since the foregoing pages were in type, we have been favored with some
+additional information concerning the Governor, through the kindness
+of A.C. Andros, Esq., one of the present representatives of the
+family.
+
+
+A.
+
+He refers, first, to the printed account of Sir Edmund Andros, to be
+found in the following book:--"Sarnia, or Brief Memorials of many of
+her sons," by Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. of Guernsey, published in
+that island in 1862. In it the fact is mentioned that the manor or
+fief of Sausmarez (_anglice_ Saltmarsh) in St. Martin's parish, was
+sold in 1748 by the Andros family to a branch of the Sausmarez family
+which still owns it.
+
+
+B.
+
+Amice Andros, father of Sir Edmund, was "keeper of the castle of
+Jerbourg, and hereditary Cup-bearer to the King in Guernsey, as also
+one of the gallant defenders of Castle Cornet, during its memorable
+nine years' siege. Two of his brothers, military officers, were slain;
+one in the service of the King of Bohemia, who was son-in-law of
+James I. of England; and the other in 1644, during the Civil War."
+
+
+C.
+
+We have mentioned (p. xxii) that Sir Edmund received in 1683 a grant
+of the Island of Alderney for ninety-nine years. Mr. Tupper states
+that Lieut. General John Le Mesurier, who died 21st May, 1843, was the
+last hereditary governor of Alderney. He was descended from Anne
+Andros, sister and co-heir of George Andros, the nephew and heir of
+Sir Edmund. Gen. Le Mesurier resigned the patent in 1825, on condition
+of receiving a pension of £700 a year until its expiration in 1862.
+
+
+D.
+
+In an old pedigree, written about A.D. 1687 by Charles Andros, uncle
+of the Governor, and still preserved in the family, are a few
+additional items relating to Sir Edmund. Before 1660 he served three
+years in a troop of horse commanded by his uncle, Sir Robert Stone, in
+Holland, and had a commission as Ensign to go to the island of Funeme
+in Denmark.... After the death of the Queen of Bohemia he was made
+ensign of the company of Sir John Talbot, Captain of the King's
+guards. He was married "in England" to Mary Craven in February, 1671.
+March 30th, 1672, (by which we understand the same year as that of his
+marriage,) he was made Major of Prince Rupert's Dragoons. "The 14th
+day of January, 1673," (? 1673-4,) he received "by patent in reversion
+the charge of the Bailly of the island of Guernsey." "The 13th April,
+1683, the King, Charles II. gave the charge of Gentleman in ordinary
+of his privy chamber" to Sir Edmund, and "the 6th day of the month of
+June, 1685, the King, James II. gave a commission to the above Sir
+Edmund Andros to command a troop of cavalry to go against the rebels
+in England." This refers of course to Monmouth's Rebellion. In August,
+1685, he was made Lieut. Colonel of Lord Scarsdale's cavalry. (_Ante_,
+p. xxii.) "The 19th October, 1686, the above Sir Edmund left England
+to go to New-England;" he arrived 19th December, 1686. (_Ante_, p.
+xxvii.)
+
+
+E.
+
+We are indebted to Mr. Andros for a photograph of an original portrait
+of Sir Edmund, from which the engraving prefixed to this memoir has
+been made. As no other likeness of the Governor has been published,
+our readers will fully appreciate the kindness of this contribution,
+and will cordially join in expressing thanks for it.
+
+
+
+
+CORRECTIONS
+
+RECEIVED AFTER THE MEMOIR WAS PRINTED.
+
+
+P. v. The Memoir in Duncan's History was written by the late Mr.
+Thomas Andros of Guernsey, who died in 1853.
+
+P. vii. Colette, first wife of Charles Andros, was daughter of Josias
+Le Marchant. George Andros who m. Anne Blondel, died 10 Nov. 1685; so
+say the family records.
+
+P. ix. The pardon was dated 18th August. The baronet was Sir Henry De
+Vic.
+
+P. xi. Edmund Andros returned from Barbados to England in August,
+1668, as appears by a letter of the 13th of that month from Mr. Thomas
+Samborne to Mr. Amias Andros announcing his son's arrival in London.
+
+P. xxxv. Sir Edmund's second marriage was in 1691, says Mr. Chester.
+The Crispes were of Go_u_dhurst, Kent.
+
+P. xlvii. The two brothers of Amice Andros were Joshua, killed in
+Germany, and John, "Master of Artillery to Prince Maurice," killed in
+England.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,, by 
+William Henry Whitmore
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,, by 
+William Henry Whitmore
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,
+       Governor of New England, New York and Virginia, &c., &c.
+
+Author: William Henry Whitmore
+
+Release Date: October 17, 2011 [EBook #37773]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A MEMOIR OF SIR EDMUND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Steven Gibbs, Linda Cantoni, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="notes">
+<p><i>Transcriber's Note:</i> Obvious printer errors have been
+corrected without note. The original book is a reprint of a portion of
+a larger work; therefore, some internal page references refer to
+pages beyond those in this book.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p class="centertp">
+<img src="images/deco01.png" width="275" height="58" alt="" title="" />
+</p>
+
+<h1><span class="gesperrt">MEMOIR</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="xsm">OF</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="gesperrt">SIR EDMUND ANDROS.</span></h1>
+
+<p class="centerbp">
+<img src="images/deco02.png" width="253" height="41" alt="" title="" />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p class="border center"><a name="FRONT" id="FRONT"></a>
+<img src="images/frontispiece.jpg" width="408" height="500" alt="frontispiece" title="frontispiece" />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<div class="bbox">
+<h1><span class="xsm">A</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="gesperrt">MEMOIR</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="xsm">OF</span><br />
+<br />
+SIR EDMUND ANDROS, <span class="smcap">Knt.</span>,<br />
+<br />
+<span class="xsm">GOVERNOR OF NEW ENGLAND, NEW YORK AND<br />
+VIRGINIA, &amp;c., &amp;c.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="xsm"><span class="gesperrt">WITH A <a href="#FRONT">PORTRAIT</a>.</span></span></h1>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+<h2><span class="msm"><span class="smcap">By</span> WILLIAM HENRY WHITMORE, A.M.</span></h2>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="bl">Reprinted from the &#8220;Andros Tracts,&#8221; published by the<br />
+Prince Society of Boston, N.E.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="centerbp line">
+<span class="gesperrt bl lg">Boston:</span><br />
+PRINTED BY T.R. MARVIN &amp; SON.<br />
+<span class="gesperrt">1868.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/logo.png" width="213" height="144" alt="T.R. MARVIN &amp; SON, PRINTERS, BOSTON." title="T.R. MARVIN &amp; SON, PRINTERS, BOSTON." />
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">-5-</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="centerbp">
+<img src="images/deco03.png" width="493" height="107" alt="" title="" />
+</p>
+
+<h2><span class="gesperrt">SIR EDMUND ANDROS.</span></h2>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><img src="images/cap_c.png" width="119" height="118" alt="C" title="C" class="floatl" />ONCERNING the ancestry of Sir Edmund Andros, the sole printed
+authority is the <a href="#ERRATA">memoir</a> in the History of Guernsey by Jonathan Duncan,
+(London, 1841,) which occupies about three pages in that book. This
+sketch has been copied by Dr. E.B. O'Callaghan in his "Documents
+relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York," (ii. 740),
+and also in a note in Woolley's Journal (<span class="smcap">Gowan's</span> Bibliotheca
+Americana). It seems that Andros placed on record at Heralds' College
+a very elaborate pedigree of his family, September 18th, 1686, a few
+days before he sailed to assume the government of New England.
+Although this document was used probably by <span class="smcap">Duncan</span>, it is now printed
+for the first time in full, from a transcript made by Joseph L.
+Chester, Esq., of London.</p>
+
+<hr class="med" />
+
+<p>The family of Andros, or Andrews as it is more frequently spelt, was
+of great antiquity in Northamptonshire, being long settled at Winwick
+in that county. One branch, which was raised in 1641 to the dignity of
+Baronet, was resident at Denton in the same county; and from the
+similarity of the arms, it is evident that Sir Edmund claimed the same
+paternity. The pedigree recorded at Heralds' College is as follows.</p>
+
+<hr class="med" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">-6-</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="treebody">
+<table style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="Andros pedigree">
+<!-- Row1 empty --><tr>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row2 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="17" rowspan="6">Mr. John Andros, (alias Andrews,) an English<br />
+Gentleman born in Northamptonsh: came<br />
+into the Isle of Guernsey with S<span class="super">r</span> Peter Mewtis<br />
+Knt. Governor of the said Isle as his Lieutenant,<br />
+and was afterwards a Cap<span class="super">t</span> of Foot<br />
+in Calais, where he dyed and was buried,<br />
+A<span class="super">o</span> 1554.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="13" rowspan="6">Judith de Sausmarez only daur: of<br />
+Thomas de Sausmarez Lord of the<br />
+Seigneurie of Sausmarez, and sister<br />
+and heir to George Sausmarez her<br />
+brother, married A<span class="super">o</span> 1543. She dyed<br />
+at Sausmarez, A<span class="super">o</span> 1557, and was<br />
+buried in y<span class="super">e</span> Church of St. Martin.</td>
+  <td colspan="18" rowspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row3 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row4 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row5 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row6 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row7 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row8 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="7">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="10">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="32">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row9 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6" rowspan="12">Alix Roiiaux<br />
+wid: of<br />
+Monsieur John<br />
+de la Cour,<br />
+second wife,<br />
+obijt s. pr.<br />
+A<span class="super">o</span> 1595.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" rowspan="12">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="14" rowspan="12">John Andros, eldest son of the said<br />
+John was the King's Ward and<br />
+committed to the custody of S<span class="super">r</span><br />
+Leonard Chamberlain, Knt. Governour<br />
+of the said Isle until he came of age,<br />
+which having attained he did his<br />
+homage, and payd the Relief due<br />
+to the King for the said Seigneurie,<br />
+and had possession thereof, and was<br />
+made Capt. of the Parish of St. Martin,<br />
+and 28 May 1582, was sworne one of<br />
+y<span class="super">e</span> Justices of the Royal Court.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="8" rowspan="12">Secille Blondel daur:<br />
+of Mr. John Blondel,<br />
+one of the Justices<br />
+of the Royall Court<br />
+in the said Isle of<br />
+Guernsey. Married to<br />
+Mr. John Andros, son<br />
+of John Andros before<br />
+mentioned, 24 Oct: 1570,<br />
+dyed 6 May 1588 and<br />
+was buried at St.<br />
+Martins. First wife.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" rowspan="12">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6" rowspan="12">Margaret, daur: of<br />
+Mons<span class="super">r</span> Thomas<br />
+Compton, Bailly of<br />
+the said Isle,<br />
+third wife.</td>
+  <td colspan="12" rowspan="12">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row10 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row11 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row12 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row13 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row14 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row15 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row16 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row17 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row18 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row19 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row20 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row21 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="10">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">1</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="21">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">2</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">3</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">4</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">5</td>
+  <td colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row22 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="9" rowspan="8">Mary Careye, daur: of<br />
+Mr. Nicollas Careye,<br />
+one of the Justices of<br />
+the Royal Court, Married<br />
+1<span class="super">o</span> Jun: 1597, and<br />
+dyed in childbed without<br />
+Issue surviving, 6 Nov:<br />
+1598. First wife.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" rowspan="8">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="13" rowspan="8">Thomas Andros, eldest son, born at<br />
+Sausmarez, 16 Oct. 1571. He was<br />
+sworne one of the Justices of the<br />
+Royal Court after the death of his<br />
+father, 2 Febr: 1609, and Lieut<span class="super">t</span><br />
+Governor of Guernsey under my<br />
+Lord Carew Governo<span class="super">r</span> 8 Jun: 1611,<br />
+and dyed 18 Apr: 1637, at Sausmarez,<br />
+and was there buried.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="7" rowspan="8">Elizabeth Carteret,<br />
+eldest daur: of M<span class="super">nsr</span><br />
+Amice de Carteret,<br />
+Seign<span class="super">r</span> de la Trinite,<br />
+Lieut<span class="super">t</span> Governo<span class="super">r</span> and<br />
+Bailly of the Isle of<br />
+Guernsey married 22<br />
+Oct: 1606, dyed 3<br />
+Jan: 1672. 2<span class="super">d</span> Wife.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="4" rowspan="8">John, dyed<br />
+unmarried.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="8">Thomas, dyed<br />
+young.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="8">Elizabeth,<br />
+married to Mr.<br />
+Peter Painsec,<br />
+Minister of<br />
+St. Peters Port.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="4" rowspan="8">Mary, died<br />
+an infant.</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row23 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row24 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row25 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row26 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row27 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row28 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row29 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row30 --><tr>
+  <td class="tlbr">1</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">2</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="12">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">6</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">7</td>
+  <td class="tbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">8</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">9</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="8">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">10</td>
+  <td class="tbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">11</td>
+  <td colspan="9">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row31 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="4" rowspan="8">Catherine<br />
+married<br />
+to Mons<span class="super">r</span><br />
+John<br />
+Bonamy.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6" rowspan="8">Amice Andros<br />
+born at<br />
+Sausmarez 5<br />
+Sept. 1610.<br />
+He was made<br />
+Marshall of y<span class="super">e</span><br />
+Ceremonies to<br />
+King Charles<br />
+I. A<span class="super">o</span> 1632.<br />
+Bailly of the<br />
+Isle of<br />
+Guernsey<br />
+by K. Ch. 2<br />
+upon his<br />
+Coronation in<br />
+Scotland.<br />
+Bayliff of the<br />
+Royal Court<br />
+in Guernsey<br />
+A<span class="super">o</span> 1661, and<br />
+Major of the<br />
+Forces of the<br />
+said Isle. He<br />
+dyed at<br />
+Sausmarez, 7<br />
+Apr. 1674.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="8">Elizabeth<br />
+Stone<br />
+sister of<br />
+S<span class="super">r</span> Robert<br />
+Stone, Knt.,<br />
+Cup-Bearer<br />
+to the<br />
+Queen of<br />
+Bohemia,<br />
+and Captain<br />
+of a Troop<br />
+of horse in<br />
+Holland.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="4" rowspan="8">3 Thomas<br />
+4 Josuah<br />
+5 &amp; John,<br />
+died<br />
+unmarried.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="3" rowspan="8">Elizabeth,<br />
+married to<br />
+Monsieur<br />
+John<br />
+Dobree,<br />
+merchant.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="2" rowspan="8">Anne,<br />
+died<br />
+an<br />
+infant.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="3" rowspan="8">Secille,<br />
+married<br />
+to Capt:<br />
+Nicollas<br />
+Ling.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="4" rowspan="8">Charles<br />
+Andros,<br />
+Seigne'r<br />
+D'Anneville<br />
+living 1686,<br />
+marr: to his<br />
+first wife,<br />
+<a href="#ERRATA">Collette</a>,<br />
+daur: of<br />
+Jonas le<br />
+Marchant<br />
+by whom<br />
+he had<br />
+issue<br />
+onely one<br />
+daugh<span class="super">r</span>:<br />
+Elizabeth<br />
+who dyed<br />
+young.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="3" rowspan="8">Alix, dau:<br />
+and sole<br />
+heir of M.<br />
+Thomas<br />
+Fashin,<br />
+Seigneur<br />
+D'Anneville,<br />
+2d wife.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="2" rowspan="8">Peter,<br />
+died<br />
+an<br />
+infant.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="8">William Andros,<br />
+11th and youngest<br />
+child, dyed 7 Nov:<br />
+1679, ętat: 47 An.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="3" rowspan="8">Judith,<br />
+dau: of<br />
+Mon<span class="super">sr</span><br />
+John<br />
+Blondell.</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row32 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row33 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row34 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row35 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row36 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row37 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row38 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row39 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="10">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="22">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="bbr" colspan="10">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row40 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="10">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="32">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row41 --><tr>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">3</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="17">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">6</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">7</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">8</td>
+  <td colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row42 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="4">1 Amice<br />
+and<br />
+2 Elizabeth<br />
+dyed<br />
+young.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="10">S<span class="super">r</span> Edmond Andros, Knt. born<br />
+at London, 6 Dec. 1637, made<br />
+Gentl: in Ordinary to the<br />
+Queen of Bohemia, A<span class="super">o</span><br />
+1660, and Major to the<br />
+Regim<span class="super">t</span> of foot sent into<br />
+America A<span class="super">o</span> 1666. After that,<br />
+Major to Prince Rupert's<br />
+Regim<span class="super">t</span> of Dragoons A<span class="super">o</span> 1672.<br />
+He was sworne Bailly of the<br />
+Royall Court in Guernsey 30<br />
+Junij 1674, and shortly<br />
+after was constituted<br />
+Governor general of New York<br />
+in America and knighted on<br />
+his return from thence, A<span class="super">o</span><br />
+1681. He was sworn Gentl: of<br />
+y<span class="super">e</span> Privy Chamber to the King<br />
+A<span class="super">o</span> 1683, and in y<span class="super">e</span> year 1685<br />
+was made Lieut<span class="super">t</span> Colonell to<br />
+her Royal Highn<span class="super">s</span> the Pr.<br />
+Anne of Denmark's Reg<span class="super">t</span> of<br />
+Horse, commanded by the Earl<br />
+of Scaresdale, and lastly this<br />
+present year 1686 was made<br />
+Governo<span class="super">r</span> of New England.</td>
+  <td class="tdc">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="7">Marie Craven eldest<br />
+daughter of Thomas<br />
+Craven, and sister<br />
+of S<span class="super">r</span> William<br />
+Craven of<br />
+Apletrewick, in<br />
+Com: Ebor: and of<br />
+Combe Abbey in Co:<br />
+Warr: Knight, heir<br />
+in Reversion to the<br />
+Barony of Hamsted<br />
+Marshall. Married<br />
+in Febr: 1671.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="4">4 Richard,<br />
+and<br />
+5 Elizabeth,<br />
+dyed<br />
+young.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6">John Andros,<br />
+born 2 Nov: 1642.<br />
+Married Anne<br />
+Knapton.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em">===</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.7em"><b>|</b></span><br />
+1 Elizabeth,<br />
+2 Marie,<br />
+3 Amice, mort.<br />
+4 Anne,<br />
+5 John,<br />
+6 Carterette, mort.<br />
+7 Edmond, mort.<br />
+8 Cęsar,<br />
+9 Edmond.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5">George Andros,<br />
+born 5 Oct: 1646.<br />
+Married Anne<br />
+Blondel, and<br />
+dyed 8<span class="super">o</span> Nov:<br />
+1664.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em">===</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.7em"><b>|</b></span><br />
+1 John,<br />
+2 George,<br />
+3 Charles,<br />
+4 Mary,<br />
+5 Anne.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Carterette Andros,<br />
+married to<br />
+Mr. Cęsar<br />
+Knapton, and<br />
+English Gentl:<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em">===</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.7em"><b>|</b></span><br />
+Elizabeth Knapton<br />
+only child,<br />
+married to Mr.<br />
+Will: le Marchant,<br />
+eldest son of<br />
+of Mr. James le<br />
+Marchant, A<span class="super">o</span> 1684.</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row43 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="43">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row44 --><tr>
+  <td class="tlbr">1</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">2</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">3</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">4</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="25">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row45 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Charles Andros,<br />
+born 15 Sept:<br />
+1662. Married<br />
+Elizab: Mauger<br />
+widow of Mon<span class="super">sr</span><br />
+Tho: de Beauvoir.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Thomas, born<br />
+25 Mart: A<span class="super">o</span> 1672.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Mary, married to<br />
+Mr. Jean Renouf,<br />
+Merchant.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5">Anne, born<br />
+21 Nov. 1667.</td>
+  <td colspan="22">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row46 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="45">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row47 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="23">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">1</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="11">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">2</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row48 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="23" rowspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="3">Charles Andros,<br />
+born 9 Apr:<br />
+A<span class="super">o</span> 1662.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="3">Rachell, daur:<br />
+of Mr. James<br />
+Careye.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="3">Amice Andros,<br />
+second son,<br />
+married Magdalen<br />
+Mancell.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="3">3 John<br />
+and<br />
+4 Judith,<br />
+dyed young.</td>
+  <td colspan="5" rowspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row49 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row50 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row51 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="28">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="21">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row52 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="23">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">1</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">2</td>
+  <td colspan="20">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row53 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="23">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Rachell, born<br />
+A<span class="super">o</span> 1683.</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="6">Anne, born<br />
+1685.</td>
+  <td colspan="15">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="med" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">-7-</a></span></p>
+
+<p>[Heralds' College, Book 2 D, XIV. fol. 175<span class="super">b</span>]</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Andros.</span>&mdash;Gules, a saltire or surmounted by another vert, on
+a chief argent 3 mullets sable. [No crest.]</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sausmarez.</span>&mdash;Argent, on a chevron gules between 3 leopards'
+faces sable as many castles triple towered or. Crest: a
+falcon affrontant proper, beaked and membered or, [<i>not</i>
+wings expanded as in the armory.] Supporters: Dexter, a
+unicorn, tail cowarded, argent; Sinister, a greyhound argent
+collared gules garnished or.</p>
+
+<p>["This is a true Account of the Marriages and Issues of my
+family, and of the Armes we have constantly borne since our
+coming into Guernsey, as also of the Arms Crest and
+Supporters of Sausmarez whose heir General we married.
+Witnes my hand this 18th of September, 1686.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">E. Andros.</span>"]</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">-8-</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At the same time Sir Edmund recorded his coat-of-arms as described in
+the following document at Heralds' College, Grants of Arms, Book 1,
+26. fol. 98.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"Whereas S<span class="super">r</span> Edmund Andros, Knight, Lord of y<span class="super">e</span>
+Seignorie of Sausmarez in the Island of Guernsey, hath made
+application to me, Henry, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshall of
+England &amp;c. that his Arms may be Registered in the College
+of Arms in such manner as he may lawfully bear them, with
+respect to his Descent from the antient Family of Sausmarez
+in y<span class="super">e</span> said Isle, there being no entries in the College of
+Arms of the Descents or Arms of the Families in that Isle:
+And whereas it hath been made out unto me that his Great
+Grandfather's Father, John Andros al<span class="super">s</span>. Andrews, an
+English Gentleman, borne in Northamptonshire, coming into
+the Isle of Guernsey as Lieut<span class="super">t</span>. to S<span class="super">r</span> Peter Mewtis,
+Knight, the Governour, did there marry, A<span class="super">o</span>. 1543, with
+Judith de Sausmarez, only daughter of Thomas Sausmarez, son
+and heir of Thomas Sausmarez, Lords of the Seignorie of
+Sausmarez in the said Isle, which Judith did afterwards
+become heir to her brother George de Sausmarez, Lord of the
+said Seignorie: And that John Andros, Esq<span class="super">r</span>., son and heir
+of the said John and Judith, had the s<span class="super">d</span>. Seignorie with
+its appurtenances and all Rights and Privileges thereto
+belonging, adjudged to him by the Royal Comm<span class="super">rs</span>. of the
+said Isle, A<span class="super">o</span>. 1607, against the heirs male of the said
+Family of Sausmarez, who then sued for the same, as finding
+it to be held of the King by a certain Relief and certain
+Services, all which were inseparable from the said
+Seignorie: And whereas it hath been made [to] appear unto me
+by an Antient Seal of one Nicollas de Sausmarez, which seems
+to be between 2 and 300 years old, and by other Authorities,
+that the said Family of Sausmarez have constantly borne and
+used the Arms herein impressed, I the said Earl Marshall,
+considering that the forementioned S<span class="super">r</span>. Edmund Andros,
+Knt., and his Ancestors, from the time of the said John
+Andros who married the heir generall of Sausmarez as
+aforesaid, have successively done Homage to the Kings of
+England for y<span class="super">e</span> s<span class="super">d</span> Seignorie, and thereupon have been
+admitted into and received full possession thereof, do order
+and require, That the Arms of Andros (as the said S<span class="super">r</span>
+Edmund and his Ancestors ever since their coming into the
+said Isle have borne the same) quartered with the Arms of
+Sausmarez as they are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">-9-</a></span> hereunto annexed,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> be, together
+with the Pedigree of the said S<span class="super">r</span> Edmund Andros (herewith
+also transmitted) fairly registered in y<span class="super">e</span> College of Arms
+by the Register of the said College, and allowed unto him
+the said S<span class="super">r</span> Edmund Andros, and the heirs of his body
+lawfully begotten, and of the body of his Great Grandfather
+John Andros, son and heir of the forementioned John Andros
+and Judith de Sausmarez, having, possessing and enjoying the
+said Seignorie, to be borne and used by him and them on all
+occasions according to the Law of Arms: And for so doing
+this shall be a sufficient warrant.</p>
+
+<p>"Given under my hand and seal the 23<span class="super">d</span>. day of September,
+1686, in the second year of the Reigne of our Soveraigne
+Lord King James the Second, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="right">"Norfolke &amp; Marshall."</p>
+
+<p>To the Kings Heralds,<br />
+and Pursuiv<span class="super">ts</span>. of Arms.</p></div>
+
+<p>During the exile of the Stuarts, Edmund Andros served in the army of
+Prince Henry of Nassau (<span class="smcap">Palfrey</span>, iii. 127), and was faithful to their
+cause. His family indeed was eminent among the adherents of the King,
+as appears by the <a href="#ERRATA">pardon</a> granted 13th August, 1660, by Charles II. to
+the inhabitants of Guernsey. In it he declares that Amice Andros,
+Edmund his son, and Charles his brother, Sir Henry Davie, bart, and
+Nathaniel Darell, during the preceding troubles "continued inviolably
+faithful to his Majesty, and consequently have no need to be comprised
+in this general pardon." So also we learn by the monument to
+Elizabeth,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">-10-</a></span> mother of Sir Edmund, that she "shared with her husband
+the troubles and exile to which he was exposed for several years in
+the service of Charles I. and Charles II."<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
+
+<p>Edmund Andros received his first considerable preferment by being made
+Gentleman in Ordinary to the Queen of Bohemia in 1660. He had
+undoubtedly been attracted to her service through the position of his
+uncle, Sir Robert Stone, who was Cup-bearer to that princess, and he
+was afterwards more closely allied to her friends in consequence of
+his marriage. Whether any part of his youthful years while he was a
+page in the Royal service, had been spent in her household or not, it
+is worthy of notice that as a young man Andros was in a position to
+acquire the accomplishments of a Court, and to behold Royalty in its
+most fascinating form.</p>
+
+<p>Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, was the only daughter of King James I. of
+England, and was born 19th August, 1596. She was married 27th Dec.
+1612, to Frederick V., Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria
+and Silesia, who was soon elected King of Bohemia, but lost all his
+possessions by the fortune of war. He died at Mentz, November 19th,
+1632, having had thirteen children, of whom the best known were Prince
+Rupert, and Sophia, wife of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover,
+mother of George I. of England.</p>
+
+<p>The Queen of Bohemia had shared the exile and misfortunes of her
+English relatives, and returned to England, 17th May, 1661. She died
+February 13th, 1662, at London.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">-11-</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Historians have agreed in describing this princess as a most charming
+woman. <span class="smcap">Jesse</span> (Court of England) writes thus: "Lively in her manners,
+affectionate in her disposition, and beautiful in her person; throwing
+a charm and a refinement over the social intercourse of life; she yet
+possessed with all these qualities, a strength of mind which never
+became masculine; talents which were never obtrusive, and a warmth of
+heart which remained with her to the end." "In prosperity modest and
+unassuming; in adversity surmounting difficulties and dignifying
+poverty, her character was regarded with enthusiasm in her own time,
+and has won for her the admiration of posterity." "In the Low
+Countries she was so beloved as to be styled 'the Queen of Hearts.'"</p>
+
+<p>During her long widowhood, her chief adviser and friend was William,
+Earl of Craven, and it was to the sister of the chosen heir to a
+portion of the honors of this nobleman, that Edmund Andros was
+married, in 1671. It has been believed that the Earl of Craven was
+married to the Queen, and he was certainly one of the bravest and most
+honored gentlemen of his time.</p>
+
+<p>In 1666, Andros was made Major of a Regiment of foot, which was sent
+to America. <span class="smcap">Duncan</span> writes that Andros distinguished himself in the war
+against the Dutch, and was in <a href="#ERRATA">1672</a>, "commander of the forces in
+Barbados and had obtained the reputation of being skilled in American
+affairs."</p>
+
+<p>In February, 1671, Andros married Marie, oldest daughter of Thomas
+Craven of Appletreewick, co. York, and thus sister to the "heir in
+reversion to the Barony of Hamsted-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">-12-</a></span>Marshall." This match is a
+sufficient proof of the estimation in which he was held, as the lady
+was sister of the designated heir of the Earl of Craven, his former
+patron. The pedigree of the Cravens will be best understood by the
+annexed tabular statement.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> The "Peerages" have left the matter
+obscure,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">-13-</a></span> but it has been rendered plain by some articles in "Notes
+and Queries" for 1868. The Earl of Craven, after the death of his
+brothers, entailed the Barony on his more distant cousins of
+Appletreewick, omitting the issue of his uncle Anthony Craven. At his
+death, April 9th, 1697, the title passed to William Craven, nephew of
+Lady Andros.</p>
+
+<p>It is possible that Andros came to England for the marriage, and
+returned to Barbados; but we think it more probable that the regiment
+had been recalled to England. <span class="smcap">Duncan</span> states that in April, 1672, a
+regiment raised for Prince Rupert was armed for the first time with
+the bayonet, that Andros was made Major, and the four Barbados
+companies then under his command were incorporated in it. In the same
+month, the proprietors of the Province of Carolina, of which the Earl
+of Craven was one, conferred on him the title of Landgrave, with four
+Baronies, containing 48,000 acres of land.</p>
+
+<p>In April, 1674, Andros succeeded his father in his estates in
+Guernsey, and 30 June, was sworn as Bailly of the island, the
+reversion of that office having been before granted him.</p>
+
+<p>We do not find mention of the occasion which recommended him to the
+attention of the Duke of York, but from his early attendance on the
+royal family, and his exceptional loyalty, he had probably long been
+known to that prince. Andros was accordingly selected to be the
+Governor of the Province of New York, which was claimed by the Duke,
+and had recently been restored to him by the Dutch.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">-14-</a></span> He arrived in
+this country, November 1st, 1674, accompanied by his wife.</p>
+
+<p>A brief notice of the events which had occurred in this country
+immediately before his arrival, may render his subsequent proceedings
+more intelligible to the reader.</p>
+
+<p>On the 27th of August, 1664, the Dutch Colony of New Netherland was
+surrendered to an English force under Col. Richard Nicolls. The King,
+Charles II., had already granted it, by patent dated 12 March, 1664,
+to his brother, the Duke of York. After it had been held by the
+English for over nine years, the Dutch had recaptured it, August 9,
+1673; but under the terms of the treaty of peace, it was restored to
+its English owners. In a letter dated 7/17 July, 1674, the Dutch
+embassadors wrote that they had complied with the orders from the
+States-General to notify the King that the Province would be delivered
+to his agent; that Edmund Andros had been designated as the person,
+and was to sail before the end of the week. (N.Y. Col. Doc. ii. 733.)
+The Colony at that time was estimated to contain between six and seven
+thousand white inhabitants, to which number were to be added the
+English settlers on Long Island. Andros's commission, which was dated
+July 1, 1674, made him "Lieutenant and Governor" over that part of
+Maine which was styled Pemaquid, Long Island, Nantucket and Martha's
+Vineyard, and the territory from the west side of Connecticut River to
+the east side of Delaware Bay. This latter territory comprised not
+only the State of New York, but Delaware, New Jersey and a large
+portion of Connecti<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">-15-</a></span>cut; the claim of the Duke of York to which
+domains was by no means undisputed.</p>
+
+<p>Andros was at the same time commissioned as captain of a regiment of
+foot, raised by the Duke of York for service in the Colony, and
+received the necessary money for the expenses attendant upon
+establishing the new government. He was accused by some of the Dutch
+colonists of having exacted a new and unlawful oath of allegiance from
+them, but this difficulty seems to have speedily subsided. His
+instructions had been explicit that he should not disturb those
+colonists who desired to remain in good faith, and we see no reason to
+doubt that Andros fulfilled his orders. He has left an account of his
+administration for the first three years (N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 254-7)
+from which we take the principal items.</p>
+
+<p>In October, 1674, he says, that having received possession of New York
+and reduced the east end of Long Island, he took in hand the turbulent
+at various other places; these once quieted, the country had been
+peaceful ever since. The next summer he commenced to press the Duke's
+claim to that part of the country between the Hudson and Connecticut
+rivers. He therefore wrote several letters to the Governor and General
+Court of Connecticut, but it may easily be believed that the claim was
+only a matter of form. In fact, both parties had a patent for the same
+land, since the Connecticut Charter covered all the land from the
+Narragansett Bay, due west to the South Sea, and the Duke of York's
+territory was to be carved from this domain. Andros indeed says with
+truth that the English claim had been abandoned,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">-16-</a></span> since under that
+patent Connecticut might claim "New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland,
+Carolina and the Spanish West Indies," as well as all New York. The
+Duke of York was not disposed to press the matter, and wrote to Andros
+in January, 1675-6, that he approved of the demand, as preserving his
+title entire, but hoped for some more convenient method of adjusting
+the boundaries in the future; the only stipulation he made, was that
+the Connecticut men should not approach within twenty miles of the
+Hudson River. Within a month, however, the hostile attitude of the
+Indians compelled the eastern colonists to apply to Andros for aid in
+the alarming position of affairs. On the 1st of July, 1675, a letter
+was sent by Gov. Winthrop of Connecticut to New York, and Andros not
+only was "much troubled at the Christians' misfortunes and hard
+disasters in those parts," but he proposed to start at once, with a
+force "ready to take such resolutions as may be fit for me," and to
+make the best of his way to Connecticut River; "his royal Highness's
+bounds," as he significantly termed them.</p>
+
+<p>This was more than the colonists had anticipated; yet they were
+unwilling to bring the dispute of boundaries to an open rupture,
+especially at such a time. Andros, therefore, was allowed to come to
+Saybrook with his two small vessels, and was met by Robert Chapman and
+Thomas Bull in behalf of the Colony. Various protests were exchanged,
+and Andros caused the Duke of York's Charter and his commission to be
+read. After this ceremony, he declared he should depart immediately
+unless desired to stay. In return, the agents of the Colony, who had
+studiously disavowed any share in these<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">-17-</a></span> proceedings, read a protest
+on the part of Connecticut. And so "his Honor was guarded with the
+town soldiers to the waterside, went on board, and presently fell down
+below the Fort, with salutes on both sides." (<span class="smcap">Trumbull</span>, Col. Rec.
+Conn. ii. 584.) Thus both sides parted in peace, each content with its
+own performance; and a few years afterwards the boundary was settled
+by mutual concessions.</p>
+
+<p>Andros pursued his plans for protecting his Colony, furnished the
+necessary arms and ammunition, and disarmed the friendly Indians.
+Returning to New York, he called together the neighboring sachems and
+renewed the treaties with them; and in August, 1675, he proceeded to
+Albany, where he succeeded in gaining the friendship of the Mohawks
+and other powerful tribes. For nearly a year, till the death of
+Philip, August 12th, 1676, Massachusetts and Connecticut suffered from
+the barbarous incursions of the Indians. During this time, Andros, by
+his own account, had remained unwillingly idle, his offers of
+assistance having been rejected by his neighbors. He would have
+brought into the field his Mohawk allies, but the offer being slighted
+he could only keep them true to their allegiance, build forts and
+boats, and prevent any increase of Philip's forces. He seems in fact
+to have been greatly offended by the assertions of the Massachusetts
+Colony, that it was at Albany, and through his connivance, that the
+hostile Indians had obtained their supplies of arms and ammunition. He
+sent two gentlemen to Boston to obtain satisfaction, and received only
+a letter "clearing the magistrates, but not the generalty, still
+aspersed without any known cause, complaint or notice." So indig<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">-18-</a></span>nant
+was he at this false accusation, that after his arrival in England, he
+petitioned the King in Council to cause inquiry into the truth of the
+matter; to which the agents, William Stoughton and Peter Bulkley
+merely replied, that they were not furnished with the information, and
+that evil-minded persons might have sold ammunition to the Indians
+despite the Governor's prohibition; in short, while evading all
+concessions or apologies, they insinuated the truth of the charge.</p>
+
+<p>Towards the end of the summer of 1676, the Indian troubles broke out
+in the settlements in Maine, and though Massachusetts had taken
+possession of the Duke of York's territory of Pemaquid, Andros exerted
+himself to protect the settlers there, and sent an armed sloop
+thither.</p>
+
+<p>In June, 1677, he sent a force to Pemaquid and constructed a fort
+there, which he garrisoned with fifty men; and he undoubtedly
+contributed much to the pacification of that country for the next few
+years.</p>
+
+<p>In August, 1677, he visited Albany with an agent from Maryland, and
+there received anew the assurances of the friendship of the western
+Indians. At that time and place he received permission from the Duke
+of York to take a brief leave of absence, and we transcribe a few
+passages from the letter. "I am glad to find the quiet condition of
+your government notwithstanding the late troubles that have been in
+your neighbourhood." "In regard you express a desire to come for
+England for some time to look after your own concerns, if you shall
+towards the end of this summer con<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">-19-</a></span>tinue to be of that mind, (not
+doubting your care to settle all things during your absence from your
+government in the best and safest manner), I do agree that you come
+away with the latest shipping, so as having the winter to yourself,
+you may be ready to return to your government with the first ships
+that go hence in the spring."</p>
+
+<p>Andros indeed, up to this time had merited the thanks of his employer.
+He had kept the country at peace, and had already made its revenue
+equal to its current expenses. The former laws in force during the
+English rule had been re-established, and it would seem that he had
+even tried to persuade the Duke of York to concede to the settlers
+some form of a legislative Assembly. (N.Y. Col. Doc. ii. 235.) He
+therefore communicated to the Council and General Court of Assizes, in
+October, the permission he had received to visit England, and arranged
+all matters likely to arise in his absence. On the 17th November,
+1677, he sailed from New York, not accompanied by his wife probably,
+as we find no mention of her.</p>
+
+<p>During his stay in England at this time, Sir Edmund Andros was
+knighted, a sufficient proof of the favor in which he was held at
+court. On the 8th April, 1678, he was called before the Committee for
+Trade and Plantations, and was examined in regard to affairs in New
+England as well as in his own Colony. His answer was quite elaborate,
+and is printed in the New York Colonial Documents, iii. 260-265. In
+regard to his own Colony of New York, he estimates the towns,
+villages, and parishes at about twenty-four in number,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">-20-</a></span> the militia as
+numbering 2,000, the value of all estates at £150,000. He thinks a
+substantial merchant is one worth £500 to £1,000, and a planter is
+rich who has half as much in moveables.</p>
+
+<p>His opinion of the settlements in New England certainly does not seem
+unfriendly. He states indeed that "the acts of trade and navigation
+are said, and is generally believed, not to be observed in the
+Colonies as they ought," yet he adds, "I do not find but the
+generality of the magistrates and people are well affected to the King
+and Kingdom, but most knowing no other government than their own,
+think it best and are wedded to and opinionate for it. And the
+magistrates and others in place, chosen by the people, think that they
+are obliged to assert and maintain said government all they can, and
+are Church-members and like so to be chosen, and to continue without
+any considerable alteration and change there, and depend upon the
+people to justify them in their actings."</p>
+
+<p>Andros at this time brought before the Council the matter of the false
+charge that he had supplied the Indians with ammunition, and the
+Agents for Massachusetts, William Stoughton and Peter Bulkley
+accordingly replied, promising "To do their utmost endeavour" to
+remove any misunderstanding between Sir Edmund and their government.</p>
+
+<p>On the 27th of May, 1678, he sailed for New York in the "Blossom,"
+taking with him William Pinhorne, James Graham, John White, John West
+and others, including his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">-21-</a></span> chaplain, the Rev. Charles Woolley, whose
+Journal was published in 1701.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p>
+
+<p>He arrived on the 7th September, 1678, and found his Colony at peace,
+though there were still difficulties to be apprehended in dealing with
+the Indians. During the next two years Andros seems to have been much
+disturbed by controversies with some of the leading merchants, and
+complaints were freely made to the Duke of York that his Governor was
+dishonest. Accordingly, James wrote, May 24, 1680, to Andros, (N.Y.
+Col. Doc. iii. 283,) that he wished him to return to England "by the
+first convenience," turning over the government to Anthony Brockholst,
+the Lieutenant-Governor. Mr. John Lewen was sent hither as a special
+commissioner to investigate the accounts of the government, and his
+report (printed in N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 302-8) was decidedly
+unfavorable to Andros. The Governor, however, who had sailed from New
+York, January 7, 1681, was able to refute the charges made against
+him, and ends his reply as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Lastly, I answer to the whole report, I do find all the imputations
+upon myself to be wholly untrue and deny every part thereof."... "But
+if any objections or doubts remain, I am still ready to subject them
+to the greatest scrutiny his Royal Highness shall think fit, not
+doubting his Royal Highness's justice and my own vindication." (N.Y.
+Col. Doc. iv. 313.)</p>
+
+<p>We have learned nothing respecting Andros's position in England for
+the next five years, except that he was in favor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">-22-</a></span> at Court, being, in
+1683, sworn Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to the King, Charles II. He
+very probably devoted his attention to his estates in Guernsey, as in
+this year he and his wife received from the Crown a grant of the
+Island of Alderney for ninety-nine years, at a rent of thirteen
+shillings. In 1685, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Princess of
+Denmark's Regiment of Horse, commanded by the Earl of Scarsdale.</p>
+
+<p>The accession of James II. however, February, 1685, opened a new
+prospect of advancement. Andros seems to have been a staunch member of
+the Church of England, but his long intimacy with the Duke of York had
+doubtless given that Prince a favorable impression of his abilities.
+The Charter of Massachusetts, after a contest extending through many
+years, had been declared vacated, October 23rd, 1684. The notorious
+Col. Piercy Kirke<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> had been designated as the new Governor by
+Charles II. and confirmed by James, but New<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">-23-</a></span> England had been spared
+the affliction of his presence. Joseph Dudley had been commissioned as
+President of the Council, and served as chief magistrate from May
+15th, 1686, till December 19th following.</p>
+
+<p>Andros was commissioned Governor in chief in and over the dominion of
+New England, June 3, 1686, though his appointment is spoken of as
+settled, in a letter from Randolph, dated at Boston, July 28th of that
+year. (Hutchinson Papers, ii. 288, Prince Society's edition.)</p>
+
+<p>It would seem as if Andros had received less than justice from the
+historians of Massachusetts. <span class="smcap">Hutchinson</span> (Hist. i. 353) writes of him,
+"he was less dreaded than Kirke, but he was known to be of an
+arbitrary disposition. He kept a correspondence with the Colony whilst
+he was Governor of New York. His letters then discovered much of the
+dictator." So <span class="smcap">Palfrey</span> (iii. 517) in his admirable History, says that
+James "had known Andros many years as a person of resolution and
+capacity, of arbitrary principles, and of habits and tastes absolutely
+foreign to those of the Puritans of New-England; and could scarcely
+have been ignorant of his personal grudge against Massachusetts, on
+account of old affronts. It was not to be doubted that here was a man
+prepared to be as oppressive and offensive as the King desired."</p>
+
+<p>It is certainly but justice to an officer who filled so many important
+positions to the entire satisfaction of employers so different as
+James II. and William of Orange, to scrutinize with deliberation such
+charges against his character, and to insist upon undoubted evidence
+of his personal iniquities.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">-24-</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One thing seems evident, the government now imposed on New England was
+not the act of Andros, nor is there any proof that he sought the
+position of Governor. Randolph indeed had labored for years to effect
+the downfall of the Charter government; and as <span class="smcap">Palfrey</span> has shown in
+successive chapters, in aid of the same purpose were the efforts of
+English merchants whose trade was injured by the commercial enterprise
+of Massachusetts, and the denunciations of English politicians, who
+considered the Charter government an infringement of the Royal
+prerogative. We have seen no evidence of Andros's complicity with
+these enemies of New England, and no proof of an unfriendly
+disposition when he accepted office.</p>
+
+<p>It will hardly be imputed to Andros as a fault that he took the view
+of the Royal authority which prevailed at Court. As a subordinate,
+appointed to a certain position to carry out a certain policy, he had
+no choice but to obey or resign. In carrying out the commands of his
+master, he can only be blamed if his conduct was cruel or even harsh,
+in excess of his instructions. It will certainly be difficult, we
+think, to fasten any such stigma upon Andros. Leaving his political
+offences, for which the King was responsible, what personal charges
+can be substantiated against him?</p>
+
+<p>It is evident that no person was executed for a political offence, and
+that none of the atrocities of Jeffreys or Lauderdale were repeated in
+this country. It is equally evident that no one was fined or
+imprisoned for non-conformity to the Church of England, and the
+contrast with the mother<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">-25-</a></span> country is entirely in our favor. If the
+fees exacted were excessive, a point hereafter to be considered, was
+Andros a gainer thereby? From a report made at the time, and printed
+in N.Y. Colonial Documents, iv. 263, it appears that Andros was paid a
+fixed salary in 1686, of £1200 sterling; in 1687, the same, and in
+1688, £1400 sterling, out of the revenue. We have yet to learn of any
+claim made against Andros for fees illegally collected or for public
+money mis-appropriated. <span class="smcap">Palmer</span> indeed, in his Impartial Account, makes
+a strong defense for Andros on this head. The Council were all old
+residents; the Secretary and Collector, who received the greatest
+fees, were not appointed by Andros, and indeed Randolph quarrelled
+with him. The Treasurer was John Usher, who continued to reside here
+after the downfall of Andros, and the Chief Justice was Dudley. It is
+hardly probable that Andros was responsible for the appointment of any
+of the higher officials, nor should he be justly charged with the
+table of fees which was fixed for their benefit by a committee of the
+Council.</p>
+
+<p>Reduced to plain statements, the personal charges against Andros seem
+to be, first, a zeal for Episcopacy, which led him to insist upon
+having a place for Church services in one of the Boston meeting-houses
+for a time; and secondly, a rude or insolent carriage towards his
+disaffected subjects.</p>
+
+<p>As to the first, the facts are patent, and they do not seem to
+constitute a very heinous offence. It was undeniably a great annoyance
+to the members of the Old South Church, to have the Governor use the
+building for Episcopal services,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">-26-</a></span> but as they were held only when "the
+building was not occupied by the regular congregation," (<span class="smcap">Palfrey</span>, iii.
+522,) we cannot greatly censure Andros for his course.</p>
+
+<p>As to his treatment of persons accused of misdemeanors, we find but
+one instance which was worthy of censure. The case of the Rev. Mr.
+Wiswall of Duxbury, as narrated at p. 100 of this volume, is an
+evidence of inhumanity on the part of some one. If he were compelled
+to journey and appear before the Council when disabled by gout, it was
+an act disgraceful to the authorities; yet we must add, that Andros is
+not accused directly of being the persecutor. The other instances sink
+into insignificance, and at most prove only that Andros was a
+passionate man, who did not hesitate to express uncomplimentary
+opinions very freely. When Andros "called the people of the country
+Jacks and Toms;" and when, the constables having made an address to
+Sir Edmund as to how they should keep the peace if the sailors from
+the Frigate made a fray, "he fell into a great rage and did curse them
+and said they ought to be sent to Gaol and ordered Mr. West to take
+their names,"&mdash;we cannot on that account rank him with Kirke or
+Claverhouse.</p>
+
+<p>So in two cases cited by his accusers, in pages 107 and 111 following:
+when certain impertinent busy-bodies brought an Indian to testify that
+Andros was engaged in a conspiracy to bring on an Indian War,&mdash;a story
+whose folly was only equalled by the harm it might cause if believed
+by the people,&mdash;Andros contented himself with ridiculing them, though
+afterwards they were fined by the courts. To prove<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">-27-</a></span> that he
+discountenanced making defence against the Indians, his opponents
+offer the testimony of certain village officials, whose affidavits
+prove only that Sir Edmund probably had read Shakespeare.</p>
+
+<p>We fail, therefore, to see any evidence that Andros was cruel,
+rapacious, or dishonest; we know of no charge affecting his morality,
+and we find a hasty temper the most palpable fault to be imputed to
+him.</p>
+
+<p>To return to our sketch of his public acts. He arrived at Boston, a
+place which he had before visited in October, 1680, to wait upon Lord
+Culpepper, (N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 308,) in the "Kingfisher," Sunday,
+December 19, 1686, and landed the next day attended by about sixty
+soldiers. He was received with great acclamation of joy, and was
+escorted by a great number of merchants and others, to the Town House.
+He at once proceeded to organize his government, which it must be
+remembered, as constituted by his commission, was composed of the
+Governor and his Council. The other officers, judges, collectors, &amp;c.,
+were at hand, and the objects of the new rulers were soon disclosed.
+By losing their Charter and its representative form of government, the
+colonists had lost the privilege of taxing themselves. The Governor
+and Council imposed the tax; and when the inhabitants of the town of
+Ipswich attempted to resist the law, the patriotic leaders of the
+movement were tried, fined and imprisoned. The judges were Dudley,
+Stoughton, Usher and Randolph. This trial ended all attempts to
+dispute this claim of the government, but it was only the natural<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">-28-</a></span>
+result of the forfeiture of the Charter, and in no sense the act of
+the Governor.</p>
+
+<p>The other claim of the Crown was to the ownership of all the land,
+which involved two questions, viz. as to lands already owned by the
+settlers, and waste lands. The government held that private titles
+were invalid, unless confirmed by the Crown on the payment of a quit
+rent. Preposterous as this doctrine may seem, it had staunch
+defenders, and Andros was in earnest in enforcing it. Many complied
+with the requirements of the government, but the work was not
+completed when the Revolution came. As to Andros's share of the blame,
+Palmer makes the best defence, when he points out that Writs of
+Intrusion were brought only against a few persons to test the right,
+and these persons were those able to contest the question, and not
+obscure individuals. The moral question as to waste lands is more
+difficult of decision, since the argument is not without force, that
+it was better for Andros to grant them to persons who would improve
+them, than for the towns to hold them, unimproved, as commons.</p>
+
+<p>Among the earliest acts of Andros, was his extending his authority
+over New Hampshire, Plymouth and Rhode Island, as well as Maine and
+Massachusetts. In October, 1687, he visited Hartford, and took the
+government of Connecticut also into his hands, and he afterwards
+traveled through that Colony. The first few months of 1688 were spent
+at Boston in consolidating the legislation necessary for the future
+guidance of the government.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">-29-</a></span></p>
+
+<p>He had at this time the misfortune to lose his wife, who died January
+22, 1687-8, and was buried in the church-yard adjoining King's
+Chapel.<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p>
+
+<p>In April, 1688, Andros visited Portsmouth and Pemaquid, where he
+repaired the fort, and proceeding to Penobscot, he seized some
+property of Castine, a Frenchman who had settled there among the
+Indians. Returning to Boston, "he found a great promotion awaiting him
+in a new commission, creating him Governor of all the English
+possessions on the mainland, except Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland
+and Virginia."<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> His command embraced New England, New York and New
+Jersey, with its capital at Boston.</p>
+
+<p>In July, August and September, 1688, Andros made a tour through the
+Colonies, going through the Jerseys, and visiting New York city,
+Albany and Hartford. During this visit he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">-30-</a></span> had held a conference with
+the chiefs of the Five Nations, and had notified the Governor of
+Canada that these tribes were under the protection of the English. He
+must therefore have been surprised and disgusted to find that
+hostilities were imminent in the Colony of Maine. The cause of this
+outbreak was probably the resentment of Castine, whose property had
+been taken by Andros in the spring, and whose influence with the
+Penobscots was great.</p>
+
+<p>At first, the Governor tried the effect of conciliation, but finding
+this useless, he collected some seven hundred troops,<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> and in
+November, 1688, he proceeded to Maine to defend the settlers there. He
+established and garrisoned several forts, a list of which will be
+found in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. 3rd S. i. 85. At Pemaquid, he received
+information of the probable designs of the Prince of Orange upon
+England, and January 10th, 1689, he issued the Proclamation which will
+be found on p. 75 of the present volume.</p>
+
+<p>He returned to Boston early in March,<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> and the chief event of that
+month was the accusation that he had entered into a conspiracy with
+the Indians against the Colony, a base and foolish calumny. On the 4th
+of April, 1689, the news of the landing of the Prince of Orange in
+England was brought to Boston from Nevis by John Winslow, who had a
+copy of the Prince's Declaration. Andros had been previously warned
+however, by his friends in New York.</p>
+
+<p>From this time until the 18th of April, there were doubtless plots and
+conspiracies without end. On that day the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">-31-</a></span> people of Boston rose
+against Andros and his government, but no hint is given us of the real
+contrivers of the revolution. <span class="smcap">Palfrey</span>, iii. 579, writes, "It would be
+very interesting to know when and how the rising in Boston was
+projected. But conspirators do not show their hands while they are at
+their game; and after the settlement under King William, it became
+altogether unsuitable for those who had been privy to the facts to let
+it be known that the insurrection at Boston was a movement independent
+of his enterprise." The contemporary accounts of the proceedings are
+numerous and full of detail. <span class="smcap">Byfield's</span> Account was printed very soon
+and will be found in this volume; <span class="smcap">Hutchinson</span> gives in his History, (i.
+374-377,) a copy of a letter sent to Gov. Hinckley; <span class="smcap">Palfrey</span> in the
+notes to his History, gives a number of citations from original
+papers, including the narrative of John Riggs, a servant of Sir
+Edmund's; and last, <span class="smcap">O'Callaghan</span>, (N.Y. Col. Documents, iii. 722,)
+prints Andros's own version. The events themselves are so fully
+described in the following pages, that it is necessary to say only
+that Andros, who was in the fort on Fort-hill, was obliged to
+surrender on the first day, April 18th, and was lodged under guard at
+Mr. Usher's house. On the 19th he was forced to order the surrender of
+the Castle in the harbor, and the Rose frigate was also given up and
+partially dismantled. A provisional government was at once formed, and
+Andros was transferred to the custody of John Nelson at the fort. We
+have printed in the present collection a statement by the Captain of
+the Castle, of the good treatment afforded Andros and his companions.
+It seems by <span class="smcap">Byfield's</span> story, that Sir Edmund made an unsuccessful
+attempt to escape<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">-32-</a></span> disguised in woman's apparel, in April; he was more
+successful on the 2nd of August, when by the treachery of one of the
+corporals, he escaped from the Castle and reached Rhode Island.
+Waiting there too long, probably for some vessel bound to New York or
+to England, he was captured by Major Sanford and sent back to his
+former prison.</p>
+
+<p>The following named persons were imprisoned with Andros. (R.I.
+Records, iii. 257.) "Joseph Dudley, Judge Palmer, Mr. Randolph, Lt.
+Col. Lidgett, Lt. Col. Macgregry, Captain George, Major Brockholes,
+Mr. Graham, Mr. West, Captain Treffry, Mr. Justice Bullivant, Mr.
+Justice Foxcroft, Captain White, Captain Ravencroft, Ensign Pipin, Dr.
+Roberts, Mr. Farewell, Mr. Jemeson, Mr. Kane, Mr. Broadbent, Mr. James
+Sherlock, sheriff, Mr. Larkin, Captain Manning, Lt. Jordaine, Mr.
+Cutler,"&mdash;25 in all, to which <span class="smcap">Byfield</span> adds Mr. Crafford and Mr. Smith,
+and <span class="smcap">Hutchinson</span> says that the number seized and confined amounted to
+about fifty. Probably some were soon released, or were too obscure in
+rank to be recorded.</p>
+
+<p>It is our intention now to trace the personal fortunes of the deposed
+Governor, rather than the course of his successors. He was kept
+prisoner until February, 1690, when, in accordance with an order from
+England, Sir Edmund and his companions were sent thither for trial.
+The order, which was caused by letters which they had managed to
+convey to the Court, was dated July 30, 1689, but it did not reach
+Boston till very late in the year, and the prisoners were sent by the
+first opportunity.<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">-33-</a></span></p>
+<p>The Colony sent over Elisha Cooke and Thomas Oakes to assist their
+agents, Sir Henry Ashurst and Increase Mather, in prosecuting their
+charges against Sir Edmund and his associates. We find in the New York
+Col. Documents, iii. 722, and also in R.I. Records, iii. 281, an
+account by Sir Edmund of his administration, which is termed by
+<span class="smcap">Palfrey</span> (iii. 587) "extremely disingenuous," though we cannot assent
+to this term. In it he says that he and his friends were sent to
+England "where, after summons given to the pretended agents of New
+England, and their twice appearance at the Council Board, nothing
+being objected by them or others, they were discharged."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Hutchinson</span>, indeed, (i. 394,) attempts to lay the blame of this
+release of Andros and his more guilty associates, upon Sir John
+Somers, the counsel employed by the agents. It may be nearer the truth
+to say that Andros had committed no crime for which he could be
+punished, and that he had in no way exceeded or abused the powers
+conferred upon him.</p>
+
+<p>At all events, Andros was favorably received at home, and in 1692 was
+appointed Governor of Virginia, to which command was joined that of
+Maryland. "He brought over to Virginia the Charter of William and Mary
+College, of which he laid the foundation. He encouraged manufactures
+and the cultivation of cotton in that Colony, regulated the
+Secretary's office, where he commanded all the public papers and
+records to be sorted and kept in order, and when the State House was
+burned, had them carefully preserved, and again sorted and registered.
+By these and other commend<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">-34-</a></span>able acts, he succeeded in gaining the
+esteem of the people, and in all likelihood would have been still more
+useful to the Colony had his stay been longer, but his administration
+closed in November, 1698." (<span class="smcap">O'Callaghan</span>, Woolley's Journal, p. 67.)</p>
+
+<p>Strangely enough, the Governor who in Massachusetts was chiefly hated
+for his love of Episcopacy, was overthrown in Virginia for quarrelling
+with the Church authorities. The Earl of Bellomont writes in 1690, in
+a letter printed in N.Y. Col. Doc. iv. 490, "Sir Edmund Andros for
+quarreling with Doctor Blair in Virginia, brought the resentment of
+the Bishop of London and the Church (they say) on his head, which is
+the reason he has lost his government, and by the same rule they would
+get me recalled by making this a church quarrel." Bishop Meade in his
+"Old Churches and Families of Virginia," i. 157-8, gives some account
+of this controversy. The opponent of Andros was the Rev. James Blair,
+Commissary of the Bishop of London and President of the College, who
+seems to have passed nearly all his life in disputes with successive
+Governors; and it is no proof that Andros was in the wrong that he was
+recalled and superseded. The record of the trial of Dr. Blair is
+preserved at Lambeth, the result being that he returned triumphant
+with a good sum of money for his College.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Edmund soon reappears, however, as the recipient of Court favor,
+being in 1704 appointed Governor of Guernsey, an office which he held
+for two years, retaining also the post of Bailiff of the Island, which
+he had for life. This is nearly the last we learn of him, and his age,
+nearly seventy years,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">-35-</a></span> must have debarred him from farther service. We
+find his name indeed among the new members in the "Proceedings of the
+Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 20 Feb.
+1712-3 to 19 Feb. 1713-4;"<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> and this was in the last year of his
+life, as he was buried at St. Anne's, Soho, Westminster, London, 27th
+Feb. 1713-4, in his 76th year.</p>
+
+<p>There remain to be noticed only a few items in respect to Sir Edmund's
+marriages, all occurring after his return from Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>We do not know how soon after the death of his first wife in 1688 he
+married again; but the examination made for us by Joseph L. Chester,
+Esq., of London, shows that Sir Edmund's <a href="#ERRATA">second wife</a> was Elizabeth,
+third daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Crispe of Quekes, co. Kent.
+Her father, who died in 1680, was the oldest son of Thomas Crispe,
+Esq. of Gondhurst, co. Kent, nephew and heir-male of Henry Crispe of
+Quekes. She was a widow, having married first Christopher Clapham,
+(son of Sir Christopher Clapham, Knt. of Clapham, co. York,) who died
+15th November, 1677, and was buried in Birchington Church, Isle of
+Thanet, co. Kent: by him she had but one child, Christopher Clapham,
+who is mentioned in Andros's Will. It may be added, that Sir William
+Craven, brother of the first Lady Andros, married Mary Clapham, a
+sister-in-law of this Mrs. Elizabeth Clapham. The connection between
+the families rendered this second marriage of Andros the more
+natural.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">-36-</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The second Lady Andros was buried at St. Giles'-in-the-Fields, co.
+Middlesex, August 18th, 1703.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Edmund married thirdly, April 21st, 1707, Elizabeth Fitzherbert,
+of whose family nothing has been found. She survived him and was
+buried at St. Anne's, Soho, February 12th, 1716-17. He left no issue
+by any of his wives, though representatives of the family, in the line
+of his nephew, still reside at Guernsey.</p>
+
+<p>In reviewing the long public career of Sir Edmund Andros, we are
+struck not less by the amount of work which he performed than by the
+censures which his services incurred. He was the Governor at times of
+every Royal Province on the mainland, and exercised a larger influence
+than any other of the rulers sent hither by Great Britain. He was
+repeatedly accused of dishonesty and oppression, yet he passed
+harmless through repeated examinations only to receive fresh
+promotion. He was apparently the chosen follower of James, and yet
+there is no reason to suspect him of any disloyalty to his country at
+the anxious period when that monarch was striving to retain his
+throne. He was intrusted by William with the government of Virginia,
+and was honored by Queen Anne; thus holding office under four
+successive monarchs. Surely there must have been some noble traits of
+character in a man thus perpetually involved in contests and thus
+invariably successful.</p>
+
+<p>It is certainly to be regretted that we have been led to form our
+opinion of Andros from the reports of men who were deeply interested
+in maligning him. That his govern<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">-37-</a></span>ment was distasteful to the citizens
+of Massachusetts is undeniable, but no man sent here to perform the
+same duty would have been acceptable. In reality the grievance of the
+colonists lay in the destruction of their Charter, and filled with
+hatred to those who had thus deprived them of this accustomed liberty,
+they were at enmity with every form of government that might be
+imposed in its place. The leaders indeed found that a restoration of
+the Charter was impossible, but Increase Mather's letters testify how
+reluctantly the people acquiesced, and how sharply he was blamed for
+not effecting impossibilities.</p>
+
+<p>As to the government of Andros, we fail to see in it any special
+hardships or persecution. He himself declares that he levied for the
+expenses of the State only the usual annual tax of a penny in the
+pound, which had been the rate for the previous fifty years. If other
+officers, not appointed by him, nor under his control, charged
+unmerciful fees, that was a matter to be urged against them. It is a
+significant fact, however, that most of these officers remained in
+America and were unmolested. If under instructions from the Crown, and
+fortified by the opinions of English judges, he attempted to collect
+rent for lands which the settlers claimed were their own, unless he
+used fraud or violence, he should no more be blamed than the lawyers
+employed in the cases.</p>
+
+<p>We see then no reason to doubt that Sir Edmund Andros was an upright
+and honorable man, faithful to his employers, conscientious in his
+religious belief, an able soldier, possessed of great administrative
+abilities, a man worthy to be ranked among the leaders of his time. He
+may have been hasty of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">-38-</a></span> speech, yet his words were followed by no acts
+of revenge; he may have been proud of his ancestry and his position at
+Court, yet we find no evidence that his pride exceeded the bounds of
+decorum. He was singularly fortunate in acquiring the affection of the
+Indians at a time when their good-will was of immense importance; and
+his overthrow was the precursor of one of the most disastrous Indian
+wars that New England ever experienced.</p>
+
+<p>It should be remembered, finally, that he labored under the
+disadvantage of being here at the time of a transition in affairs. He
+was fast building up a party here of those who wished to assimilate
+Massachusetts to other portions of the British empire. There were
+many, and those not the poorest or least educated, who were sorry when
+the reaction succeeded for a time and the old rule was re-established.
+And yet the triumph was but nominal, for the old Charter and the old
+system were never restored. The Colony was destined to enter upon a
+new career which was to reach to the Revolution, and undoubtedly a
+potent influence at the outset was the breaking up of old associations
+effected by Andros. The only injustice we need to repair, is the
+mistaken idea that he was the ruling cause of the change&mdash;it was
+something far more powerful. Unless, therefore, we are disposed to
+quarrel with the progress of events, and to wish to restore our State
+to the primitive rule of the Puritan church, we should cease to make a
+bugbear of the instrument of its overthrow. We may class Andros rather
+among those statesmen, unwelcome but necessary, whose very virtues and
+abilities are detested in their lifetime, because they do so
+thoroughly their appointed work and initiate new periods in national
+history.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">-39-</a></span></p>
+<p class="centerbp">
+<img src="images/deco04.png" width="494" height="107" alt="" title="" />
+</p>
+
+<h2>WILL OF SIR EDMUND ANDROS.</h2>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="center">[Extracted from the Principal Registry of Her Majesty's Court of
+Probate,<br />
+in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.]</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3><i>In the Name of God, Amen.</i></h3>
+
+<p><img src="images/cap_i.png" width="117" height="116" alt="I" title="I" class="floatl" /> S<span class="super">r</span>. EDMUND ANDROS of Guernsey and now residing in the parish of
+St Anne in the Liberty of Westminster in the County of Middlesex
+Knight being in health of body and of good and perfect memory praised
+be God do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner
+and form following that is to say First and principally I commend my
+soul into the hands of Almighty God my Creator trusting and assuredly
+hoping through the merits and mediation of my blessed Lord and Saviour
+Jesus Christ to inherit eternal life my body to be decently buried but
+without ostentation and as to the worldly estate it hath pleased God
+to bless me<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">-40-</a></span> with I dispose thereof as followeth viz Imprs: I order
+and direct that all the just debts which I may happen to owe at my
+decease be forthwith paid <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give the sum of one hundred
+pounds for the placing of ten poor children to be apprentices to some
+trades or otherwise preferred according to the discretion of my
+Executor that is to say ten pounds for each child <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item
+Whereas I am entitled to two several annuities of fifty pounds p.
+annum each payable out of the Exchequer by virtue of an Act of
+Parliament whereof the order for payment for one is number one
+thousand and ninety four and therefore payment of the other is number
+four thousand three hundred seventy seven now for a further and better
+provision for Dame Elizabeth my wife I do give unto her the said two
+several annuities of fifty pounds p: ann: a piece together with the
+several Tallys and Orders relating thereunto for and during the term
+of her natural life only and I also give unto my said wife the sum of
+one hundred pounds to be paid to her immediately after my death which
+said several annuities for life and one hundred pounds I do hereby
+direct appoint and declare are for and in lieu of a jointure and in
+full recompence of her dower and are hereby given to my said wife upon
+condition that she shall not claim any interest right or title in or
+to any lands tenements or hereditaments of which I am or shall be
+seized at the time of my decease and if my said wife shall after my
+death claim any estate right title or interest in or to any of my
+lands tenements or hereditaments Then the bequest herein made unto her
+of the said several annuities and of the said one hundred pounds as
+aforesaid shall be void and of none effect and then and in such case I
+give the said several annuities<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">-41-</a></span> and the said one hundred pounds unto
+my Executor hereinafter named <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> And from and after the decease
+of my said wife I also give the said two several annuities of fifty
+pounds each unto my Executor hereinafter named together with the
+Tallys &amp; orders relating thereunto <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give the sum of
+two hundred pounds which is due to me by bond from Thomas Cooper near
+Maidstone in Kent taken in the name of my late sister in law M<span class="super">rs</span>
+Hannah Crispe and all the interest that shall be due thereupon unto
+Christopher Clapham Esq (son of my late dear deceased wife) if I do
+not in some other give or secure to the said Christopher Clapham the
+s<span class="super">d</span>. debt of two hundred pounds and interest <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give
+to Edwin Wiat Esq Serjeant at Law (if he shall survive me) and in case
+of his death before me to his Executors Administrators or assigns the
+sum of three hundred pounds which is due and owing to me by mortgage
+made from M<span class="super">rs</span> Mary Hurt unto my said late wife by the name of
+Elizabeth Clapham Widow and all interest that shall be due thereupon
+and all my right and interest in and to the same upon this condition
+that the said Serj<span class="super">t</span>. Wiat his executors administrators or assigns
+shall within six months next after my decease pay unto the said
+Christopher Clapham Esq the sum of two hundred pounds which sum I do
+give to the said M<span class="super">r</span>. Clapham out of the said debt <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I
+give to my niece Elizabeth daughter of my late brother John Andros
+deceased the sum of two hundred pounds <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give to my
+niece Ann daughter of my said late brother John Andros the sum of one
+hundred pounds <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give to my nephew Cęsar son of my
+s<span class="super">d</span>. late brother John Andros the sum of one hundred pounds
+<span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give to my nephew Edmund son of my said late brother
+John An<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">-42-</a></span>dros the yearly sum of twenty pounds for his maintenance which
+s<span class="super">d</span>. yearly sum of twenty pounds my will is shall be paid by my
+Executor hereinafter named free from all taxes charges and payments
+whatsoever unto my said nephew Edmund or to such person or persons as
+shall from time to time have the care and keeping of him by equal half
+yearly payments for and during the term of his natural life that is to
+say at the feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and
+the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel the first payment to begin and
+to be made at such of the said feasts as shall first happen after my
+death <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give unto my nephew William son of my said late
+brother John Andros the sum of one hundred pounds <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I
+give to my nephew George Son of my late brother George Andros deceased
+all my estate and interest in the Island of Alderney which I shall be
+seized or possessed of at the time of my death either in fee simple or
+for any term of years or otherwise howsoever in the said Island of
+Alderney together with all powers privileges and francises to me
+belonging and all my right title and interest thereto and I also give
+unto my said nephew George Andros the sum of five hundred pounds
+<span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item whereas there is payable to me or my assigns out of the
+Exchequer and chargeable on the Revenue of Excise by Act of Parliament
+two several annuities of fifty pounds each whereof the order for one
+is number four hundred sixty three &amp; the order for the other is number
+four hundred sixty four I do hereby give unto my said nephew George
+Andros the said two several annuitys or yearly sums of fifty pounds &amp;
+all my term benefit &amp; advantages in &amp; to the same together with the
+Tallys and orders relating thereunto to be delivered to him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">-43-</a></span>
+immediately after my decease <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give to my niece Anne
+Lemesurier daughter of my said late Brother George Andros the sum of
+one hundred pounds <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item Whereas Cęsar Knapton Gent is
+indebted to me in several sums of money by bond mortgage or otherwise
+the mortgage being made to Ralph Marshall Esq &amp; by him assigned to me
+in lieu of moneys had of mine I do hereby give unto the s<span class="super">d</span>. Cęsar
+Knapton all such moneys as remains due to me from him &amp; do also
+release unto him and his heirs all securities which I have for the
+same <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give to William Le Merchant Son of my late niece
+Elizabeth Le Merchant dec'ed the sum of one hundred pounds and to his
+sister Elizabeth the now wife of M<span class="super">r</span>. Elizea Le Merchant the like
+sum of one hundred pounds <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I release and discharge my
+cousin Magdalen Andros Widow the Relict of my Cousin Amos Andros
+deceased and his heirs off and from all and every the sum and sums of
+money which is due and owing to me from the said Amos Andros by Bond
+or otherwise <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I release &amp; discharge my cousin Mary
+Andros (daughter of the said Amos Andros deceased) off and from all
+sum and sums of money charges and other expences whatsoever which I
+have disbursed or have been at for her late maintenance or might have
+or clayme any wise for the same and also I give unto her the said Mary
+Andros the sume of one hundred pounds and my mind and will is and I
+doe hereby direct that the several and respective legacies
+hereinbefore given shall be by my Executor hereinafter named paid or
+assigned to the said several legatees entitled thereto within one year
+next after my decease nevertheless my will is and I do hereby declare
+that the said several legacies hereinbefore given are given to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">-44-</a></span> the
+said several legatees respectively upon condition that they do not
+claim any other part of my estate than what is hereby given to them
+respectively and that if any or either of them or any other person or
+persons on their or any of their behalfs or claiming by or under them
+either or any of them shall or do clayme any part of my estate either
+real or personal other than what is by this my Will given to them
+respectively or shall in any wise molest hinder or disturb my nephews
+John Andros or his heirs or any claiming under him or them in the
+quiet possession or enjoyment thereof or shall upon his or their
+request refuse to release all his her or their claim interest or
+pretensions in or to all or any part or parcel of my estate other than
+what is hereinbefore respectively given to them That then and from
+thenceforth the legacy or legacys so given to him her or them
+respectively as aforesaid so claiming or refusing as aforesaid shall
+respectively cease determine and be utterly void and in such case I
+give the said legacy or legacys so as to be made void as aforesaid
+unto my said nephew John (eldest son of my said brother John Andros
+dec'ed) and his heirs <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I give to M<span class="super">rs</span>. Margaret Baxter
+Widow the yearly sum of ten pounds to be paid to her tax free out of
+the interest rents issues and profits of the mortgage money
+hereinafter mentioned to be due to me from the estate of my late
+cousin Margaret Lowdon deceased by equal quarterly payments for and
+during the natural life of the said M<span class="super">rs</span>. Baxter the first payment
+whereof to begin and to be made at the end of three calendar months
+next after my decease <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item I discharge the heirs executors
+and administrators of the said M<span class="super">rs</span>. Margaret Lowdon of and from all
+interest money that shall remain due to me at the time of my decease
+over<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">-45-</a></span> and above what sums of money she did in her lifetime pay and
+which they or any of them shall have paid to me or by my order for the
+sum of four hundred pounds which is due to me on the mortgage of her
+estate in Harron Alley without Aldgate London <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> Item all other
+my estate whatsoever both real and personal in Great Britain Guernsey
+or elsewhere not herein disposed of after all my debts legacies and
+funeral expences shall be paid and satisfied I give devise and
+bequeath unto my said nephew John (eldest son of my said late brother
+John Andros deceased) and to his heirs <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> But my will is that
+my said nephew John or his heirs shall within two years after my
+decease (if not built before) build a good suitable house on or at the
+Manor of Saēmares in Guernsey aforesaid and if the said John or his
+heires shall not in that time build such house (if not built before)
+Then my Will is and I do hereby direct and appoint my said nephew John
+or his heires to pay the sum of five hundred pounds unto my said
+nephew George Andros within one year after his or their neglect to
+build such house as aforesaid and I do hereby make ordain constitute
+and appoint my said nephew John Andros (in case he survives me) Sole
+Executor of this my last Will and Testament <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> But if my said
+nephew John Andros shall be then dead then and in such case I make his
+heirs male Sole Executor of this my last Will and Testament <span class="space">&nbsp;</span>
+And I do hereby revoke annul and make void all former wills by me made
+declaring this to be my last Will and Testament <span class="space">&nbsp;</span> In witness
+whereof to this my last Will and Testament contained in five sheets of
+paper I have to each of the said sheets sett my hand and seal the
+nineteenth day of July Anno Dom: 1712 and in the eleventh year of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">-46-</a></span>
+reign of our Sovereign Lady Anne by the Grace of God of Great Britain
+France and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith</p>
+
+<p class="right">E. ANDROS.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="hang">Signed sealed declared and published by the said Sir Edmund
+Andros to be his last Will and Testament in the presence of
+the Witnesses hereunder written which said Witnesses
+subscribed their names in the presence of the said Sir
+Edmund Andros&mdash;James Spenceley&mdash;Rob: Hodson Jn<span class="super">o</span>.  Hodson&mdash;</p></div>
+
+<p>Probatum fuit hujus modi Testamentum apud London coram Venerabili Viro
+Johanne Andrew Legum Doctore Surrogato Pręhonorandi viri Domini Caroli
+Hodges Militis Legum Etiam Doctoris Curię Prerogativę Cantuariensis
+Magistri Custodis Sive Commissarii legitime constituti Octavo die
+mensis Martii Anno D'ni Millesimo Septingentesimo decimo tertio
+juramento Johannis Andros Armigeri Executoris in dicto Testamento
+nominati Cui Commissa fuit administratio omnium et singulorum bonorum
+jurium et creditorum dicti defuncti de bene et fideliter administrando
+eadem ad Sancta Dei Evangelii Jurat.</p>
+
+<p class="centertp">
+<img src="images/seal.png" width="162" height="187" alt="seal" title="seal" />
+</p>
+
+<p class="caption">From Sir Edmund's official Seal used in New England.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">-47-</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="centerbp">
+<img src="images/deco05.png" width="427" height="66" alt="" title="" />
+</p>
+
+<h2>NOTES ON THE PRECEDING MEMOIR.</h2>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><img src="images/cap_s.png" width="120" height="126" alt="S" title="S" class="floatl" />INCE the foregoing pages were in type, we have been favored with some
+additional information concerning the Governor, through the kindness
+of A.C. Andros, Esq., one of the present representatives of the
+family.</p>
+
+
+<h3>A.</h3>
+
+<p>He refers, first, to the printed account of Sir Edmund Andros, to be
+found in the following book:&mdash;"Sarnia, or Brief Memorials of many of
+her sons," by Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. of Guernsey, published in
+that island in 1862. In it the fact is mentioned that the manor or
+fief of Sausmarez (<i>anglice</i> Saltmarsh) in St. Martin's parish, was
+sold in 1748 by the Andros family to a branch of the Sausmarez family
+which still owns it.</p>
+
+
+<h3>B.</h3>
+
+<p>Amice Andros, father of Sir Edmund, was "keeper of the castle of
+Jerbourg, and hereditary Cup-bearer to the King in Guernsey, as also
+one of the gallant defenders of Castle Cornet, during its memorable
+nine years' siege. <a href="#ERRATA">Two of his brothers</a>, military officers, were slain;
+one in the service<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">-48-</a></span> of the King of Bohemia, who was son-in-law of
+James I. of England; and the other in 1644, during the Civil War."</p>
+
+
+<h3>C.</h3>
+
+<p>We have mentioned (<a href="#Page_22">p. xxii</a>) that Sir Edmund received in 1683 a grant
+of the Island of Alderney for ninety-nine years. Mr. Tupper states
+that Lieut. General John Le Mesurier, who died 21st May, 1843, was the
+last hereditary governor of Alderney. He was descended from Anne
+Andros, sister and co-heir of George Andros, the nephew and heir of
+Sir Edmund. Gen. Le Mesurier resigned the patent in 1825, on condition
+of receiving a pension of £700 a year until its expiration in 1862.</p>
+
+
+<h3>D.</h3>
+
+<p>In an old pedigree, written about A.D. 1687 by Charles Andros, uncle
+of the Governor, and still preserved in the family, are a few
+additional items relating to Sir Edmund. Before 1660 he served three
+years in a troop of horse commanded by his uncle, Sir Robert Stone, in
+Holland, and had a commission as Ensign to go to the island of Funeme
+in Denmark.... After the death of the Queen of Bohemia he was made
+ensign of the company of Sir John Talbot, Captain of the King's
+guards. He was married "in England" to Mary Craven in February, 1671.
+March 30th, 1672, (by which we understand the same year as that of his
+marriage,) he was made Major of Prince Rupert's Dragoons. "The 14th
+day of January, 1673," (? 1673-4,) he received "by patent in reversion
+the charge of the Bailly of the island of Guernsey." "The 13th April,
+1683, the King, Charles II.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">-49-</a></span> gave the charge of Gentleman in ordinary
+of his privy chamber" to Sir Edmund, and "the 6th day of the month of
+June, 1685, the King, James II. gave a commission to the above Sir
+Edmund Andros to command a troop of cavalry to go against the rebels
+in England." This refers of course to Monmouth's Rebellion. In August,
+1685, he was made Lieut. Colonel of Lord Scarsdale's cavalry. (<i>Ante</i>,
+<a href="#Page_22">p. xxii</a>.) "The 19th October, 1686, the above Sir Edmund left England
+to go to New-England;" he arrived 19th December, 1686. (<i>Ante</i>,
+<a href="#Page_27">p. xxvii.</a>)</p>
+
+
+<h3>E.</h3>
+
+<p>We are indebted to Mr. Andros for a photograph of an original portrait
+of Sir Edmund, from which the engraving prefixed to this memoir has
+been made. As no other likeness of the Governor has been published,
+our readers will fully appreciate the kindness of this contribution,
+and will cordially join in expressing thanks for it.</p>
+
+<p class="centertp">
+<img src="images/deco06.png" width="168" height="92" alt="" title="" />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2><a name="ERRATA" id="ERRATA"></a><span class="gesperrt">CORRECTIONS</span><br />
+<span class="sm">RECEIVED AFTER THE MEMOIR WAS PRINTED.</span></h2>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><a href="#Page_5">P. v.</a> The Memoir in Duncan's History was written by the late Mr.
+Thomas Andros of Guernsey, who died in 1853.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#Page_6">P. vii.</a> Colette, first wife of Charles Andros, was daughter of Josias
+Le Marchant. George Andros who m. Anne Blondel, died 10 Nov. 1685; so
+say the family records.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#Page_9">P. ix.</a> The pardon was dated 18th August. The baronet was Sir Henry De
+Vic.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#Page_11">P. xi.</a> Edmund Andros returned from Barbados to England in August,
+1668, as appears by a letter of the 13th of that month from Mr. Thomas
+Samborne to Mr. Amias Andros announcing his son's arrival in London.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#Page_35">P. xxxv.</a> Sir Edmund's second marriage was in 1691, says Mr. Chester.
+The Crispes were of Go<i>u</i>dhurst, Kent.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#Page_47">P. xlvii.</a> The two brothers of Amice Andros were Joshua, killed in
+Germany, and John, "Master of Artillery to Prince Maurice," killed in
+England.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<h2>FOOTNOTES</h2>
+
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The Andrews family of Denton bore "Gules, a saltire <i>or</i>,
+surmounted of another vert." O'Callaghan and Trumbull (Col. Rec. of
+Conn. iii. 392) have followed an error in <span class="smcap">Berry's</span> History of Guernsey,
+wherein the arms of Andros are said to be "a chevron between three
+pelicans vulning themselves." Such a coat indeed is found on the
+monument of Amice Andros, but they undoubtedly belong to his wife
+Elizabeth Stone, the mother of Governor Andros.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> "She lived with her husband 42 years and was the mother
+of 9 children." She died 25 Dec. 1686, aged 73. (<span class="smcap">Berry</span>, Hist.
+Guernsey.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a>
+</p>
+
+<div class="treebody">
+<table style="font-size: 80%; width: 90%; padding-bottom: 2em" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="Craven pedigree">
+<!-- Row1 empty --><tr>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td style="width: 2%;">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row2 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="20" rowspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="5" rowspan="2">John Craven</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="2"><b>. . . . . .</b></td>
+  <td colspan="18" rowspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!--Row3 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!--Row4 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="13">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="15">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="20">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!--Row5 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="10" rowspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="2">Henry of<br />
+Appletreewick.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="2"><b>. . . . . .</b> dau. of<br />
+&mdash;&mdash; Sherwood.</td>
+  <td colspan="4" rowspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="4" rowspan="2">William</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="2">Beatrix, dau. of<br />
+John Hunter.</td>
+  <td colspan="10" rowspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row6 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row7 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="7" rowspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="3">Mary, dau. of<br />
+&mdash;&mdash; Brockden.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="3" rowspan="3">Robert</td>
+  <td colspan="8" rowspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="11">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="9">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row8 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="5" rowspan="2">Sir William<br />
+Lord Mayor<br />
+of London.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="4" rowspan="2">Elizabeth,<br />
+dau. of Wm.<br />
+Whitmore.</td>
+  <td colspan="2" rowspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="4" rowspan="2">Anthony</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdl" colspan="5" rowspan="2"><b>. . . . . .</b></td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row9 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row10 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="13">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="17">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="11">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row11 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="13">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="9">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row12 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="13">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6">William<br />
+Earl of Craven.<br />
+d.<i>s.p.</i></td>
+  <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6">John<br />
+Lord Craven of<br />
+Ryton. d.<i>s.p.</i></td>
+  <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="4">Thomas<br />
+d.<i>s.p.</i></td>
+  <td colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row13 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="13">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="29">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row14 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="13">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="14">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="10">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row15 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="4">Sir William of<br />
+Lenchwike,<br />
+d. 1665, ęt. 46.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="4">Mary, dau. of<br />
+Ferdinando,<br />
+Visct. Fairfax,<br />
+of Cameron.</td>
+  <td colspan="2" rowspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="5" rowspan="4">Sir Thomas</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="4">Anne, dau. of<br />
+Francis Proctor,<br />
+of Beckwith.</td>
+  <td colspan="2" rowspan="4">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="5" rowspan="4">Sir Anthony</td>
+  <td class="tdc" rowspan="4">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="4">Elizabeth,<br />
+dau. of Baron<br />
+Pelnitz, d.<i>s.p.</i></td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row16 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row17 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row18 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row19 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="11">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="21">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="6">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row20 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="3">William<br />
+d.<i>v.p.</i><br />
+Aug. 13, 1665.<br />
+ęt. 16.</td>
+  <td colspan="2" rowspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="5" rowspan="3">Elizabeth</td>
+  <td class="tdc" rowspan="3">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="5" rowspan="3">Theophilus<br />
+Leigh.</td>
+  <td colspan="2" rowspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="12" rowspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="3">Margaret Craven,<br />
+dau. of Rob<span class="super">t</span><br />
+d. 23 Feb. 1702,<br />
+aged 80.</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="4" rowspan="3">Thomas</td>
+  <td colspan="4" rowspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row21 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row22 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row23 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="13">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="10">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="10">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="9">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row24 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="7" rowspan="3">Sir William<br />
+b. 21 Aug. 1638.<br />
+d. 24 Oct. 1695.</td>
+  <td class="center" colspan="2">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6" rowspan="3">Mary, dau. of<br />
+Sir Christopher<br />
+Chapham of<br />
+Beamsley,<br />
+co. York.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="4">Mary</td>
+  <td class="tdc">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="4">Sir E.<br />
+Andros.</td>
+  <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="5">Alice<br />
+Margaret</td>
+  <td class="tdc">=<br />
+=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6">Wm. Topham.<br />
+Christopher<br />
+Dauson.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="9">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row25 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="9">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row26 --><tr>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="9">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row27 --><tr>
+  <td colspan="3">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tlbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="rbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="13">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tbr" colspan="11">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="trbr">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td colspan="9">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<!-- Row28 --><tr>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="7">William,<br />
+b. 4 Oct. 1668,<br />
+2d Lord Craven,<br />
+of Hampsted<br />
+Marshall.</td>
+  <td colspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6">Sir William<br />
+of Winwick,<br />
+d. Mch. 1707,<br />
+ęt. 73.</td>
+  <td class="tdc">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6">Mary, dau. of<br />
+George Clerke.</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6">Sir Robert<br />
+d. 4 Oct. 1672,<br />
+ęt. 40.</td>
+  <td class="tdc">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="4">Margaret</td>
+  <td>&nbsp;</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="6">Sir Anthony<br />
+Bart. of<br />
+Spersholt,<br />
+1661, d. 1713.</td>
+  <td class="tdc">=</td>
+  <td class="tdc" colspan="5">Theodosia,<br />
+dau. of<br />
+Sir Wm.<br />
+Wiseman.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> It has been reprinted (New York, 1860) with notes by Dr.
+E.B. O'Callaghan.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Not much is known of Col. Piercy Kirke. His father was
+Col. Lewis Kirke, who in 1642-3 commanded the Royal forces in the
+defence of Reading against the troops under Hampden. (Lord Nugent's
+Life of Hampden, ii. 339-343.) Some account of Kirke is given in
+"Notes and Queries," 2nd S. viii. 472. It seems that Piercy Kirke, in
+1673, served under the Duke of Monmouth in the army of the King of
+France. In 1675, he was Captain-Lieutenant in the Royal regiment of
+Horse-Guards; and in 1680, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2nd
+Tangier regiment. He was soon after made Colonel of this regiment, and
+in 1682 was transferred to the Queen's regiment. In 1684, he came with
+his regiment to England, and was employed under the Earl of Feversham
+during Monmouth's rebellion. His conduct after that revolt was
+quelled, has covered his name with infamy, and Macauley has drawn his
+character in vivid colors. He was made Brigadier-General in 1685, was
+one of those who joined William of Orange, and distinguished himself
+at the battle of the Boyne in 1690. He was promoted to the rank of
+Lieutenant-General in the same year, was sent to the army in Flanders,
+and died at Breda, October 31, 1691.
+</p><p>
+He married Lady Mary Howard, daughter of George, fourth Earl of
+Suffolk. From the identity of names it is probable that his son was
+the Percy Kirke who in 1735 was a Brigadier-General, commanding the
+King's Own Regiment of Foot.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> In <span class="smcap">Trumbull's</span> Conn. Records, iii. 437, is a letter from
+John West to John Allen at Hartford. It is dated January 21st,
+(Saturday,) and states that he writes to let Allen "know the great
+griefe and sorrow wee are in for my Lady Andros, who since Tuesday
+last was sevenight hath been extreamly ill, and soe continues almost
+at the Court of Death, and is a greate affliction to his Excellency
+who is most passionately concerned. If it should please God to call
+her to himselfe, wee should all have a greate losse of a right good
+and vertuous Lady."
+</p><p>
+In a postscript West adds&mdash;"January 26th. Mr. Belcher not proceeding
+on his intended Journey, have opportunity to add that on Sunday last
+the Lady Andros departed this life, to the great griefe and sorrow of
+his Excellency and all that knew her."
+</p><p>
+As to the funeral, the following account is given in Judge Sewall's
+Diary, quoted in <span class="smcap">Bridgman's</span> King's Chapel Epitaphs, p. 318. "Between 4
+and 5 I went to the funeral of the Lady Andros, having been invited by
+the Clark of the South Company. Between 7 and 8 (lychns illuminating
+the cloudy air) the corpse was carried into the herse drawn by six
+horses, the soldiers making a guard from the Governor's house down the
+Prison Lane to the South meeting-house; there taken out and carried in
+at the western door, and set in the alley before the pulpit, with six
+mourning women by it. House made light with candles and torches. There
+was a great noise and clamor to keep people out of the house that they
+might not rush in too soon. I went home."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Palfrey</span>, iii. 558, 561, 562.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Palfrey</span>, iii. 568.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> Ibid, iii. 570.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> See <span class="smcap">Hutchinson</span>, i. 392; R.I. Records, iii. 256.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Communicated by W.S. Appleton, Esq.</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,, by 
+William Henry Whitmore
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A MEMOIR OF SIR EDMUND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 37773-h.htm or 37773-h.zip *****
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,1910 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,, by
+William Henry Whitmore
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,
+       Governor of New England, New York and Virginia, &c., &c.
+
+Author: William Henry Whitmore
+
+Release Date: October 17, 2011 [EBook #37773]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A MEMOIR OF SIR EDMUND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Steven Gibbs, Linda Cantoni, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected
+without note. In the original, Andros's will contains no punctuation,
+and new sentences are indicated with large spaces, which are
+represented here by long dashes.]
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIR
+
+OF
+
+SIR EDMUND ANDROS.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+MEMOIR
+
+OF
+
+SIR EDMUND ANDROS, KNT.,
+
+GOVERNOR OF NEW ENGLAND, NEW YORK AND VIRGINIA, &c., &c.
+
+WITH A PORTRAIT.
+
+
+BY WILLIAM HENRY WHITMORE, A.M.
+
+
+Reprinted from the "Andros Tracts," published by the Prince Society of
+Boston, N.E.
+
+  Boston:
+  PRINTED BY T.R. MARVIN & SON.
+  1868.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  T.R. MARVIN & SON,
+  PRINTERS, BOSTON.]
+
+
+
+
+SIR EDMUND ANDROS.
+
+
+Concerning the ancestry of Sir Edmund Andros, the sole printed
+authority is the memoir in the History of Guernsey by Jonathan Duncan,
+(London, 1841,) which occupies about three pages in that book. This
+sketch has been copied by Dr. E.B. O'Callaghan in his "Documents
+relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York," (ii. 740),
+and also in a note in Woolley's Journal (GOWAN'S Bibliotheca
+Americana). It seems that Andros placed on record at Heralds' College
+a very elaborate pedigree of his family, September 18th, 1686, a few
+days before he sailed to assume the government of New England.
+Although this document was used probably by DUNCAN, it is now printed
+for the first time in full, from a transcript made by Joseph L.
+Chester, Esq., of London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The family of Andros, or Andrews as it is more frequently spelt, was
+of great antiquity in Northamptonshire, being long settled at Winwick
+in that county. One branch, which was raised in 1641 to the dignity of
+Baronet, was resident at Denton in the same county; and from the
+similarity of the arms, it is evident that Sir Edmund claimed the same
+paternity. The pedigree recorded at Heralds' College is as follows.
+
+[Heralds' College, Book 2 D, XIV. fol. 175b]
+
+     ANDROS.--Gules, a saltire or surmounted by another vert, on
+     a chief argent 3 mullets sable. [No crest.]
+
+     SAUSMAREZ.--Argent, on a chevron gules between 3 leopards'
+     faces sable as many castles triple towered or. Crest: a
+     falcon affrontant proper, beaked and membered or, [_not_
+     wings expanded as in the armory.] Supporters: Dexter, a
+     unicorn, tail cowarded, argent; Sinister, a greyhound argent
+     collared gules garnished or.
+
+     ["This is a true Account of the Marriages and Issues of my
+     family, and of the Armes we have constantly borne since our
+     coming into Guernsey, as also of the Arms Crest and
+     Supporters of Sausmarez whose heir General we married.
+     Witnes my hand this 18th of September, 1686.
+
+     "E. ANDROS."]
+
+[Transcriber's Note: In the original, the pedigree below is split
+across two facing pages. For readability, the split has been retained
+in this e-book, with bracketed notes as to where the table continues.]
+
+
+  Mr. John Andros, (alias         =  Judith de Sausmarez only daur:
+  Andrews,) an English Gentleman  |  of Thomas de Sausmarez Lord of
+  born in Northamptonsh: came     |  the Seigneurie of Sausmarez,
+  into the Isle of Guernsey with  |  and sister and heir to George
+  Sr Peter Mewtis Knt. Governor   |  Sausmarez her brother, married
+  of the said Isle as his         |  Ao 1543. She dyed at
+  Lieutenant, and was afterwards  |  Sausmarez, Ao 1557, and was
+  a Capt of Foot in Calais,       |  buried in ye Church of St.
+  where he dyed and was buried,   |  Martin.
+  Ao 1554.                        |
+                                  |
+                    +-------------+
+                    |
+  Alix Roiiaux  = John Andros, eldest son     =  Secille Blondel   =  Margaret,
+  wid: of         of the said John was the    |  daur: of Mr. John    daur: of
+  Monsieur John   King's Ward and committed   |  Blondel, one of      Monsr
+  de la Cour,     to the custody of Sr        |  the Justices of      Thomas
+  second wife,    Leonard Chamberlain, Knt.   |  the Royall Court     Compton,
+  obijt s. pr.    Governour of the said Isle  |  in the said Isle     Bailly of
+  Ao 1595.        until he came of age,       |  of Guernsey.         the said
+                  which having attained he    |  Married to Mr.       Isle,
+                  did his homage, and payd    |  John Andros, son     third
+                  the Relief due to the King  |  of John Andros       wife.
+                  for the said Seigneurie,    |  before mentioned,
+                  and had possession thereof, |  24 Oct: 1570,
+                  and was made Capt. of the   |  dyed 6 May 1588
+                  Parish of St. Martin, and   |  and was buried at
+                  28 May 1582, was sworne     |  St. Martins.
+                  one of ye Justices of the   |  First wife.
+                  Royal Court.                |
+                                              |
+                              +---------------+--------------------------------
+                              |1                   [continue with 2 John below]
+  Mary Careye, daur: of  =  Thomas Andros, eldest son,  =  Elizabeth Carteret,
+  Mr. Nicollas Careye,      born at Sausmarez, 16 Oct.  |  eldest daur: of
+  one of the Justices       1571. He was sworne one of  |  Mnsr Amice de
+  of the Royal Court,       the Justices of the Royal   |  Carteret, Seignr
+  Married 1o Jun: 1597,     Court after the death of    |  de la Trinite,
+  and dyed in childbed      his father, 2 Febr: 1609,   |  Lieutt Governor
+  without Issue             and Lieutt Governor of      |  and Bailly of the
+  surviving, 6 Nov:         Guernsey under my Lord      |  Isle of Guernsey
+  1598. First wife.         Carew Governor 8 Jun:       |  married 22 Oct:
+                            1611, and dyed 18 Apr:      |  1606, dyed 3 Jan:
+                            1637, at Sausmarez, and     |  1672. 2d Wife.
+                            was there buried.           |
+                                                        |
+     +------------+-------------------------------------+------------+++-------
+     |1           |2                                                 |||
+  Catherine     Amice Andros born at      =  Elizabeth Stone      3 Thomas
+  married       Sausmarez 5 Sept. 1610.   |  sister of Sr         4 Joshua
+  to Monsr      He was made Marshall of   |  Robert Stone,        5 & John,
+  John          ye Ceremonies to King     |  Knt., Cup-Bearer       died
+  Bonamy.       Charles I. Ao 1632.       |  to the Queen of        unmarried.
+                Bailly of the Isle of     |  Bohemia, and         [continue
+                Guernsey by K. Ch. 2      |  Captain of a         with
+                upon his Coronation in    |  Troop of horse       6 Elizabeth
+                Scotland. Bayliff of the  |  in Holland.          below]
+                Royal Court in Guernsey   |
+                Ao 1661, and Major of     |
+                the Forces of the said    |
+                Isle. He dyed at          |
+                Sausmarez, 7 Apr. 1674.   |
+                                          |
+     ++--------------+--------------------+-----------------------------------
+     ||              |3                        [continue with 4 Richard below]
+  1 Amice and  Sr Edmond Andros, Knt. born at London,   =  Marie Craven eldest
+  2 Elizabeth  6 Dec. 1637, made Gentl: in Ordinary to     daughter of Thomas
+    dyed       the Queen of Bohemia, Ao 1660, and          Craven, and sister
+    young.     Major to the Regimt of foot sent into       of Sr William
+               America Ao 1666. After that, Major to       Craven of
+               Prince Rupert's Regimt of Dragoons Ao       Apletrewick, in
+               1672. He was sworne Bailly of the           Com: Ebor: and of
+               Royall Court in Guernsey 30 Junij 1674,     Combe Abbey in Co:
+               and shortly after was constituted           Warr: Knight, heir
+               Governor general of New York in America     in Reversion to the
+               and knighted on his return from thence,     Barony of Hamsted
+               Ao 1681. He was sworn Gentl: of ye          Marshall. Married
+               Privy Chamber to the King Ao 1683, and      in Febr: 1671.
+               in ye year 1685 was made Lieutt
+               Colonell to her Royal Highns the Pr.
+               Anne of Denmark's Regt of Horse,
+               commanded by the Earl of Scaresdale, and
+               lastly this present year 1686 was made
+               Governor of New England.
+
+   [continued from 1 Thomas Andros above]
+   +--+---------------+-------------+--------------+
+   |  |2              |3            |4             |5
+   | John, dyed     Thomas,     Elizabeth,        Mary, died
+   | unmarried.     dyed        married to Mr.    an infant.
+   |                young.      Peter Painsec,
+   |                            Minister of St.
+   |                            Peters Port.
+   |
+   | [continued from 5 John above]
+   |+----+-------+-----+--------+-------------------------+------+
+   ||    |6      |7    |8       |9                        |10    |11
+   || Elizabeth, |  Secille,  Charles      = Alix, dau:  Peter,  |
+   || married to |  married   Andros,      | and sole    died    |
+   || Monsieur   |  to Capt:  Seigne'r     | heir of     an      |
+   || John       |  Nicollas  D'Anneville, | M. Thomas   infant. |
+   || Dobree,    |  Ling.     living 1686, | Fashin,             |
+   || merchant.  |            marr: to his | Seigneur       +----+
+   ||            |            first wife,  | D'Anneville,   |
+  -+|           Anne,         Collette,    | 2d wife.       |
+    |           died          daur: of     |             William  = Judith,
+    |           an            Jonas le     |             Andros,  | dau: of
+    |           infant.       Marchant by  |             11th and | Monsr
+    |                         whom he had  |             youngest | John
+    |                         issue onely  |             child    | Blondell.
+    |                         one daughr:  |             dyed     |
+    |                         Elizabeth    |             7 Nov:   |
+    |                         who dyed     |             1679,    |
+    |                         young.       |             aetat:    |
+    |                                      |             47 An.   |
+    |        +-----------------------------+                      |
+    |        |     +---------------------------+----------------+++
+    |        |     |1                          |2               ||
+    |        |  Charles Andros, = Rachell,   Amice Andros,   3 John, and
+  --+        |  born 9 Apr: Ao  | daur:      second son,     4 Judith,
+             |  1662.           | of Mr.     married           dyed
+             |                  | James      Magdalen          young.
+             |                  | Careye.    Mancell.
+             |                  |
+             |                  +---------------------------------+
+             |                                                    |
+        +----+--------------+---------+---------+           +-----+-----+
+        |1                  |2        |3        |4          |1          |2
+      Charles Andros,     Thomas     Mary,     Anne,      Rachell,    Anne,
+      born 15 Sept:       born 25    married   born       born        born
+      1662. Married       Mart: Ao   to Mr.    21         Ao 1683.    1685.
+      Elizab: Mauger      1672.      Jean      Nov.
+      widow of Monsr                 Renouf,   1667.
+      Tho: de Beauvoir.              Merchant.
+
+  [continued from 3 Sr Edmond Andros above]
+  ------++---------+----------------+------------------------+
+        ||         |6               |7                       |8
+    4 Richard,    John Andros,    George Andros, born    Carterette Andros,
+        and       born 2 Nov:     5 Oct: 1646. Married   married to Mr.
+    5 Elizabeth,  1642. Married   Anne Blondel, and      Caesar Knapton, an
+       dyed       Anne Knapton.   dyed 8o Nov: 1664.     English Gentl:
+       young.        ===                 ===                   ===
+                      |                   |                     |
+                 1 Elizabeth,         1 John,           Elizabeth Knapton
+                 2 Marie,             2 George,         only child, married
+                 3 Amice, mort.       3 Charles,        to Mr. Will: le
+                 4 Anne,              4 Mary,           Marchant, eldest
+                 5 John,              5 Anne.           son of Mr. James
+                 6 Carterette, mort.                    le Marchant, Ao
+                 7 Edmond, mort.                        1684.
+                 8 Caesar,
+                 9 Edmond.
+
+At the same time Sir Edmund recorded his coat-of-arms as described in
+the following document at Heralds' College, Grants of Arms, Book 1,
+26. fol. 98.
+
+     "Whereas Sr Edmund Andros, Knight, Lord of ye Seignorie of
+     Sausmarez in the Island of Guernsey, hath made application
+     to me, Henry, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshall of England &c.
+     that his Arms may be Registered in the College of Arms in
+     such manner as he may lawfully bear them, with respect to
+     his Descent from the antient Family of Sausmarez in ye said
+     Isle, there being no entries in the College of Arms of the
+     Descents or Arms of the Families in that Isle: And whereas
+     it hath been made out unto me that his Great Grandfather's
+     Father, John Andros als. Andrews, an English Gentleman,
+     borne in Northamptonshire, coming into the Isle of Guernsey
+     as Lieutt. to Sr Peter Mewtis, Knight, the Governour, did
+     there marry, Ao. 1543, with Judith de Sausmarez, only
+     daughter of Thomas Sausmarez, son and heir of Thomas
+     Sausmarez, Lords of the Seignorie of Sausmarez in the said
+     Isle, which Judith did afterwards become heir to her brother
+     George de Sausmarez, Lord of the said Seignorie: And that
+     John Andros, Esqr., son and heir of the said John and
+     Judith, had the sd. Seignorie with its appurtenances and all
+     Rights and Privileges thereto belonging, adjudged to him by
+     the Royal Commrs. of the said Isle, Ao. 1607, against the
+     heirs male of the said Family of Sausmarez, who then sued
+     for the same, as finding it to be held of the King by a
+     certain Relief and certain Services, all which were
+     inseparable from the said Seignorie: And whereas it hath
+     been made [to] appear unto me by an Antient Seal of one
+     Nicollas de Sausmarez, which seems to be between 2 and 300
+     years old, and by other Authorities, that the said Family of
+     Sausmarez have constantly borne and used the Arms herein
+     impressed, I the said Earl Marshall, considering that the
+     forementioned Sr. Edmund Andros, Knt., and his Ancestors,
+     from the time of the said John Andros who married the heir
+     generall of Sausmarez as aforesaid, have successively done
+     Homage to the Kings of England for ye sd Seignorie, and
+     thereupon have been admitted into and received full
+     possession thereof, do order and require, That the Arms of
+     Andros (as the said Sr Edmund and his Ancestors ever since
+     their coming into the said Isle have borne the same)
+     quartered with the Arms of Sausmarez as they are hereunto
+     annexed,[1] be, together with the Pedigree of the said Sr
+     Edmund Andros (herewith also transmitted) fairly registered
+     in ye College of Arms by the Register of the said College,
+     and allowed unto him the said Sr Edmund Andros, and the
+     heirs of his body lawfully begotten, and of the body of his
+     Great Grandfather John Andros, son and heir of the
+     forementioned John Andros and Judith de Sausmarez, having,
+     possessing and enjoying the said Seignorie, to be borne and
+     used by him and them on all occasions according to the Law
+     of Arms: And for so doing this shall be a sufficient
+     warrant.
+
+     "Given under my hand and seal the 23d. day of September,
+     1686, in the second year of the Reigne of our Soveraigne
+     Lord King James the Second, &c.
+
+     "Norfolke & Marshall."
+
+     To the Kings Heralds,
+
+     and Pursuivts. of Arms.
+
+[Footnote 1: The Andrews family of Denton bore "Gules, a saltire _or_,
+surmounted of another vert." O'Callaghan and Trumbull (Col. Rec. of
+Conn. iii. 392) have followed an error in BERRY'S History of Guernsey,
+wherein the arms of Andros are said to be "a chevron between three
+pelicans vulning themselves." Such a coat indeed is found on the
+monument of Amice Andros, but they undoubtedly belong to his wife
+Elizabeth Stone, the mother of Governor Andros.]
+
+During the exile of the Stuarts, Edmund Andros served in the army of
+Prince Henry of Nassau (PALFREY, iii. 127), and was faithful to their
+cause. His family indeed was eminent among the adherents of the King,
+as appears by the pardon granted 13th August, 1660, by Charles II. to
+the inhabitants of Guernsey. In it he declares that Amice Andros,
+Edmund his son, and Charles his brother, Sir Henry Davie, bart, and
+Nathaniel Darell, during the preceding troubles "continued inviolably
+faithful to his Majesty, and consequently have no need to be comprised
+in this general pardon." So also we learn by the monument to
+Elizabeth, mother of Sir Edmund, that she "shared with her husband
+the troubles and exile to which he was exposed for several years in
+the service of Charles I. and Charles II."[2]
+
+[Footnote 2: "She lived with her husband 42 years and was the mother
+of 9 children." She died 25 Dec. 1686, aged 73. (BERRY, Hist.
+Guernsey.)]
+
+Edmund Andros received his first considerable preferment by being made
+Gentleman in Ordinary to the Queen of Bohemia in 1660. He had
+undoubtedly been attracted to her service through the position of his
+uncle, Sir Robert Stone, who was Cup-bearer to that princess, and he
+was afterwards more closely allied to her friends in consequence of
+his marriage. Whether any part of his youthful years while he was a
+page in the Royal service, had been spent in her household or not, it
+is worthy of notice that as a young man Andros was in a position to
+acquire the accomplishments of a Court, and to behold Royalty in its
+most fascinating form.
+
+Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, was the only daughter of King James I. of
+England, and was born 19th August, 1596. She was married 27th Dec.
+1612, to Frederick V., Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria
+and Silesia, who was soon elected King of Bohemia, but lost all his
+possessions by the fortune of war. He died at Mentz, November 19th,
+1632, having had thirteen children, of whom the best known were Prince
+Rupert, and Sophia, wife of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover,
+mother of George I. of England.
+
+The Queen of Bohemia had shared the exile and misfortunes of her
+English relatives, and returned to England, 17th May, 1661. She died
+February 13th, 1662, at London.
+
+Historians have agreed in describing this princess as a most charming
+woman. JESSE (Court of England) writes thus: "Lively in her manners,
+affectionate in her disposition, and beautiful in her person; throwing
+a charm and a refinement over the social intercourse of life; she yet
+possessed with all these qualities, a strength of mind which never
+became masculine; talents which were never obtrusive, and a warmth of
+heart which remained with her to the end." "In prosperity modest and
+unassuming; in adversity surmounting difficulties and dignifying
+poverty, her character was regarded with enthusiasm in her own time,
+and has won for her the admiration of posterity." "In the Low
+Countries she was so beloved as to be styled 'the Queen of Hearts.'"
+
+During her long widowhood, her chief adviser and friend was William,
+Earl of Craven, and it was to the sister of the chosen heir to a
+portion of the honors of this nobleman, that Edmund Andros was
+married, in 1671. It has been believed that the Earl of Craven was
+married to the Queen, and he was certainly one of the bravest and most
+honored gentlemen of his time.
+
+In 1666, Andros was made Major of a Regiment of foot, which was sent
+to America. DUNCAN writes that Andros distinguished himself in the war
+against the Dutch, and was in 1672, "commander of the forces in
+Barbados and had obtained the reputation of being skilled in American
+affairs."
+
+In February, 1671, Andros married Marie, oldest daughter of Thomas
+Craven of Appletreewick, co. York, and thus sister to the "heir in
+reversion to the Barony of Hamsted-Marshall." This match is a
+sufficient proof of the estimation in which he was held, as the lady
+was sister of the designated heir of the Earl of Craven, his former
+patron. The pedigree of the Cravens will be best understood by the
+annexed tabular statement.[3] The "Peerages" have left the matter
+obscure, but it has been rendered plain by some articles in "Notes
+and Queries" for 1868. The Earl of Craven, after the death of his
+brothers, entailed the Barony on his more distant cousins of
+Appletreewick, omitting the issue of his uncle Anthony Craven. At his
+death, April 9th, 1697, the title passed to William Craven, nephew of
+Lady Andros.
+
+[Footnote 3:
+
+                John Craven = ----
+                            |
+  +-------------------------+----------------+
+  |                                          |
+  Henry of       = ---- dau. of           William = Beatrix, dau. of
+  Appletreewick. | ---- Sherwood.                 | John Hunter.
+                 |                       +--------+----------------+
+                 |                       |                         |
+             Robert = Mary, dau.   Sir William = Elizabeth,     Anthony = ----
+                    | of ----      Lord Mayor  | dau. of                |
+                    | Brockden.    of London.  | Wm. Whitmore.          |
+                    |                          |                        |
+                    |           +--------------+--------------+         |
+                    |           |              |              |         |
+                    |        William         John          Thomas       |
+                    |        Earl of         Lord Craven   d. _s.p._    |
+                    |        Craven.         of Ryton.                  |
+                    |        d. _s.p._       d. _s.p._                  |
+                    |                                                   |
+      +-------------+-----------------+-------------------------+       |
+      |                               |                         |       |
+  Sir William = Mary, dau. of   Sir Thomas = Anne, dau.   Sir Anthony   |
+  of          | Ferdinando,                | of Francis        =        |
+  Lenchwike,  | Visct.                     | Proctor,     Elizabeth     |
+  d. 1665,    | Fairfax,                   | of           dau. of Baron |
+  aet. 46.     | of Cameron.                | Beckwith.    Pelnitz       |
+              |                            |              d. _s.p._     |
+      +-------------+                      |                            |
+      |             |                      |                            |
+   William       Elizabeth = Theophilus    |                            |
+   d. _v.p._                 Leigh.        |                            |
+   Aug. 13, 1665,                          |                            |
+   aet. 16.                                 |                            |
+                                           |                            |
+        +--------------------------+------+--------++                   |
+        |                          |               ||                   |
+  Sir William      = Mary, dau.  Mary = Sir E.   Alice = Wm. Topham     |
+  b. 21 Aug. 1638. | of Sir             Andros.  Margaret = Christopher |
+  d. 24 Oct. 1695. | Christopher                            Dauson.     |
+                   | Chapham of                                         |
+                   | Beamsley,                                          |
+                   | co. York.                                          |
+                   |                                                    |
+              +----+------------+++                +--------------------+
+              |                 |||                |
+           William,                             Thomas = Margaret Craven,
+           b. 4 Oct. 1668,                             | dau. of Robt
+           2d Lord Craven,                             | d. 23 Feb. 1702,
+           of Hampsted Marshall.                       | aged 80.
+                                                       |
+       +----------------------+------------------------+
+       |                      |                        |
+  Sir William  = Mary,    Sir Robert = Margaret.  Sir Anthony =   Theodosia,
+  of Winwick,    dau. of  d. 4 Oct.               Bart. of        dau. of
+  d. Mch, 1707,  George   1672,                   Spersholt,      Sir Wm.
+  aet. 73.        Clerke.  aet. 40.                 1661, d. 1713.  Wiseman.]
+
+It is possible that Andros came to England for the marriage, and
+returned to Barbados; but we think it more probable that the regiment
+had been recalled to England. DUNCAN states that in April, 1672, a
+regiment raised for Prince Rupert was armed for the first time with
+the bayonet, that Andros was made Major, and the four Barbados
+companies then under his command were incorporated in it. In the same
+month, the proprietors of the Province of Carolina, of which the Earl
+of Craven was one, conferred on him the title of Landgrave, with four
+Baronies, containing 48,000 acres of land.
+
+In April, 1674, Andros succeeded his father in his estates in
+Guernsey, and 30 June, was sworn as Bailly of the island, the
+reversion of that office having been before granted him.
+
+We do not find mention of the occasion which recommended him to the
+attention of the Duke of York, but from his early attendance on the
+royal family, and his exceptional loyalty, he had probably long been
+known to that prince. Andros was accordingly selected to be the
+Governor of the Province of New York, which was claimed by the Duke,
+and had recently been restored to him by the Dutch. He arrived in
+this country, November 1st, 1674, accompanied by his wife.
+
+A brief notice of the events which had occurred in this country
+immediately before his arrival, may render his subsequent proceedings
+more intelligible to the reader.
+
+On the 27th of August, 1664, the Dutch Colony of New Netherland was
+surrendered to an English force under Col. Richard Nicolls. The King,
+Charles II., had already granted it, by patent dated 12 March, 1664,
+to his brother, the Duke of York. After it had been held by the
+English for over nine years, the Dutch had recaptured it, August 9,
+1673; but under the terms of the treaty of peace, it was restored to
+its English owners. In a letter dated 7/17 July, 1674, the Dutch
+embassadors wrote that they had complied with the orders from the
+States-General to notify the King that the Province would be delivered
+to his agent; that Edmund Andros had been designated as the person,
+and was to sail before the end of the week. (N.Y. Col. Doc. ii. 733.)
+The Colony at that time was estimated to contain between six and seven
+thousand white inhabitants, to which number were to be added the
+English settlers on Long Island. Andros's commission, which was dated
+July 1, 1674, made him "Lieutenant and Governor" over that part of
+Maine which was styled Pemaquid, Long Island, Nantucket and Martha's
+Vineyard, and the territory from the west side of Connecticut River to
+the east side of Delaware Bay. This latter territory comprised not
+only the State of New York, but Delaware, New Jersey and a large
+portion of Connecticut; the claim of the Duke of York to which
+domains was by no means undisputed.
+
+Andros was at the same time commissioned as captain of a regiment of
+foot, raised by the Duke of York for service in the Colony, and
+received the necessary money for the expenses attendant upon
+establishing the new government. He was accused by some of the Dutch
+colonists of having exacted a new and unlawful oath of allegiance from
+them, but this difficulty seems to have speedily subsided. His
+instructions had been explicit that he should not disturb those
+colonists who desired to remain in good faith, and we see no reason to
+doubt that Andros fulfilled his orders. He has left an account of his
+administration for the first three years (N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 254-7)
+from which we take the principal items.
+
+In October, 1674, he says, that having received possession of New York
+and reduced the east end of Long Island, he took in hand the turbulent
+at various other places; these once quieted, the country had been
+peaceful ever since. The next summer he commenced to press the Duke's
+claim to that part of the country between the Hudson and Connecticut
+rivers. He therefore wrote several letters to the Governor and General
+Court of Connecticut, but it may easily be believed that the claim was
+only a matter of form. In fact, both parties had a patent for the same
+land, since the Connecticut Charter covered all the land from the
+Narragansett Bay, due west to the South Sea, and the Duke of York's
+territory was to be carved from this domain. Andros indeed says with
+truth that the English claim had been abandoned, since under that
+patent Connecticut might claim "New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland,
+Carolina and the Spanish West Indies," as well as all New York. The
+Duke of York was not disposed to press the matter, and wrote to Andros
+in January, 1675-6, that he approved of the demand, as preserving his
+title entire, but hoped for some more convenient method of adjusting
+the boundaries in the future; the only stipulation he made, was that
+the Connecticut men should not approach within twenty miles of the
+Hudson River. Within a month, however, the hostile attitude of the
+Indians compelled the eastern colonists to apply to Andros for aid in
+the alarming position of affairs. On the 1st of July, 1675, a letter
+was sent by Gov. Winthrop of Connecticut to New York, and Andros not
+only was "much troubled at the Christians' misfortunes and hard
+disasters in those parts," but he proposed to start at once, with a
+force "ready to take such resolutions as may be fit for me," and to
+make the best of his way to Connecticut River; "his royal Highness's
+bounds," as he significantly termed them.
+
+This was more than the colonists had anticipated; yet they were
+unwilling to bring the dispute of boundaries to an open rupture,
+especially at such a time. Andros, therefore, was allowed to come to
+Saybrook with his two small vessels, and was met by Robert Chapman and
+Thomas Bull in behalf of the Colony. Various protests were exchanged,
+and Andros caused the Duke of York's Charter and his commission to be
+read. After this ceremony, he declared he should depart immediately
+unless desired to stay. In return, the agents of the Colony, who had
+studiously disavowed any share in these proceedings, read a protest
+on the part of Connecticut. And so "his Honor was guarded with the
+town soldiers to the waterside, went on board, and presently fell down
+below the Fort, with salutes on both sides." (TRUMBULL, Col. Rec.
+Conn. ii. 584.) Thus both sides parted in peace, each content with its
+own performance; and a few years afterwards the boundary was settled
+by mutual concessions.
+
+Andros pursued his plans for protecting his Colony, furnished the
+necessary arms and ammunition, and disarmed the friendly Indians.
+Returning to New York, he called together the neighboring sachems and
+renewed the treaties with them; and in August, 1675, he proceeded to
+Albany, where he succeeded in gaining the friendship of the Mohawks
+and other powerful tribes. For nearly a year, till the death of
+Philip, August 12th, 1676, Massachusetts and Connecticut suffered from
+the barbarous incursions of the Indians. During this time, Andros, by
+his own account, had remained unwillingly idle, his offers of
+assistance having been rejected by his neighbors. He would have
+brought into the field his Mohawk allies, but the offer being slighted
+he could only keep them true to their allegiance, build forts and
+boats, and prevent any increase of Philip's forces. He seems in fact
+to have been greatly offended by the assertions of the Massachusetts
+Colony, that it was at Albany, and through his connivance, that the
+hostile Indians had obtained their supplies of arms and ammunition. He
+sent two gentlemen to Boston to obtain satisfaction, and received only
+a letter "clearing the magistrates, but not the generalty, still
+aspersed without any known cause, complaint or notice." So indignant
+was he at this false accusation, that after his arrival in England, he
+petitioned the King in Council to cause inquiry into the truth of the
+matter; to which the agents, William Stoughton and Peter Bulkley
+merely replied, that they were not furnished with the information, and
+that evil-minded persons might have sold ammunition to the Indians
+despite the Governor's prohibition; in short, while evading all
+concessions or apologies, they insinuated the truth of the charge.
+
+Towards the end of the summer of 1676, the Indian troubles broke out
+in the settlements in Maine, and though Massachusetts had taken
+possession of the Duke of York's territory of Pemaquid, Andros exerted
+himself to protect the settlers there, and sent an armed sloop
+thither.
+
+In June, 1677, he sent a force to Pemaquid and constructed a fort
+there, which he garrisoned with fifty men; and he undoubtedly
+contributed much to the pacification of that country for the next few
+years.
+
+In August, 1677, he visited Albany with an agent from Maryland, and
+there received anew the assurances of the friendship of the western
+Indians. At that time and place he received permission from the Duke
+of York to take a brief leave of absence, and we transcribe a few
+passages from the letter. "I am glad to find the quiet condition of
+your government notwithstanding the late troubles that have been in
+your neighbourhood." "In regard you express a desire to come for
+England for some time to look after your own concerns, if you shall
+towards the end of this summer continue to be of that mind, (not
+doubting your care to settle all things during your absence from your
+government in the best and safest manner), I do agree that you come
+away with the latest shipping, so as having the winter to yourself,
+you may be ready to return to your government with the first ships
+that go hence in the spring."
+
+Andros indeed, up to this time had merited the thanks of his employer.
+He had kept the country at peace, and had already made its revenue
+equal to its current expenses. The former laws in force during the
+English rule had been re-established, and it would seem that he had
+even tried to persuade the Duke of York to concede to the settlers
+some form of a legislative Assembly. (N.Y. Col. Doc. ii. 235.) He
+therefore communicated to the Council and General Court of Assizes, in
+October, the permission he had received to visit England, and arranged
+all matters likely to arise in his absence. On the 17th November,
+1677, he sailed from New York, not accompanied by his wife probably,
+as we find no mention of her.
+
+During his stay in England at this time, Sir Edmund Andros was
+knighted, a sufficient proof of the favor in which he was held at
+court. On the 8th April, 1678, he was called before the Committee for
+Trade and Plantations, and was examined in regard to affairs in New
+England as well as in his own Colony. His answer was quite elaborate,
+and is printed in the New York Colonial Documents, iii. 260-265. In
+regard to his own Colony of New York, he estimates the towns,
+villages, and parishes at about twenty-four in number, the militia as
+numbering 2,000, the value of all estates at L150,000. He thinks a
+substantial merchant is one worth L500 to L1,000, and a planter is
+rich who has half as much in moveables.
+
+His opinion of the settlements in New England certainly does not seem
+unfriendly. He states indeed that "the acts of trade and navigation
+are said, and is generally believed, not to be observed in the
+Colonies as they ought," yet he adds, "I do not find but the
+generality of the magistrates and people are well affected to the King
+and Kingdom, but most knowing no other government than their own,
+think it best and are wedded to and opinionate for it. And the
+magistrates and others in place, chosen by the people, think that they
+are obliged to assert and maintain said government all they can, and
+are Church-members and like so to be chosen, and to continue without
+any considerable alteration and change there, and depend upon the
+people to justify them in their actings."
+
+Andros at this time brought before the Council the matter of the false
+charge that he had supplied the Indians with ammunition, and the
+Agents for Massachusetts, William Stoughton and Peter Bulkley
+accordingly replied, promising "To do their utmost endeavour" to
+remove any misunderstanding between Sir Edmund and their government.
+
+On the 27th of May, 1678, he sailed for New York in the "Blossom,"
+taking with him William Pinhorne, James Graham, John White, John West
+and others, including his chaplain, the Rev. Charles Woolley, whose
+Journal was published in 1701.[4]
+
+[Footnote 4: It has been reprinted (New York, 1860) with notes by Dr.
+E.B. O'Callaghan.]
+
+He arrived on the 7th September, 1678, and found his Colony at peace,
+though there were still difficulties to be apprehended in dealing with
+the Indians. During the next two years Andros seems to have been much
+disturbed by controversies with some of the leading merchants, and
+complaints were freely made to the Duke of York that his Governor was
+dishonest. Accordingly, James wrote, May 24, 1680, to Andros, (N.Y.
+Col. Doc. iii. 283,) that he wished him to return to England "by the
+first convenience," turning over the government to Anthony Brockholst,
+the Lieutenant-Governor. Mr. John Lewen was sent hither as a special
+commissioner to investigate the accounts of the government, and his
+report (printed in N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 302-8) was decidedly
+unfavorable to Andros. The Governor, however, who had sailed from New
+York, January 7, 1681, was able to refute the charges made against
+him, and ends his reply as follows:--
+
+"Lastly, I answer to the whole report, I do find all the imputations
+upon myself to be wholly untrue and deny every part thereof."... "But
+if any objections or doubts remain, I am still ready to subject them
+to the greatest scrutiny his Royal Highness shall think fit, not
+doubting his Royal Highness's justice and my own vindication." (N.Y.
+Col. Doc. iv. 313.)
+
+We have learned nothing respecting Andros's position in England for
+the next five years, except that he was in favor at Court, being, in
+1683, sworn Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to the King, Charles II. He
+very probably devoted his attention to his estates in Guernsey, as in
+this year he and his wife received from the Crown a grant of the
+Island of Alderney for ninety-nine years, at a rent of thirteen
+shillings. In 1685, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Princess of
+Denmark's Regiment of Horse, commanded by the Earl of Scarsdale.
+
+The accession of James II. however, February, 1685, opened a new
+prospect of advancement. Andros seems to have been a staunch member of
+the Church of England, but his long intimacy with the Duke of York had
+doubtless given that Prince a favorable impression of his abilities.
+The Charter of Massachusetts, after a contest extending through many
+years, had been declared vacated, October 23rd, 1684. The notorious
+Col. Piercy Kirke[5] had been designated as the new Governor by
+Charles II. and confirmed by James, but New England had been spared
+the affliction of his presence. Joseph Dudley had been commissioned as
+President of the Council, and served as chief magistrate from May
+15th, 1686, till December 19th following.
+
+[Footnote 5: Not much is known of Col. Piercy Kirke. His father was
+Col. Lewis Kirke, who in 1642-3 commanded the Royal forces in the
+defence of Reading against the troops under Hampden. (Lord Nugent's
+Life of Hampden, ii. 339-343.) Some account of Kirke is given in
+"Notes and Queries," 2nd S. viii. 472. It seems that Piercy Kirke, in
+1673, served under the Duke of Monmouth in the army of the King of
+France. In 1675, he was Captain-Lieutenant in the Royal regiment of
+Horse-Guards; and in 1680, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2nd
+Tangier regiment. He was soon after made Colonel of this regiment, and
+in 1682 was transferred to the Queen's regiment. In 1684, he came with
+his regiment to England, and was employed under the Earl of Feversham
+during Monmouth's rebellion. His conduct after that revolt was
+quelled, has covered his name with infamy, and Macauley has drawn his
+character in vivid colors. He was made Brigadier-General in 1685, was
+one of those who joined William of Orange, and distinguished himself
+at the battle of the Boyne in 1690. He was promoted to the rank of
+Lieutenant-General in the same year, was sent to the army in Flanders,
+and died at Breda, October 31, 1691.
+
+He married Lady Mary Howard, daughter of George, fourth Earl of
+Suffolk. From the identity of names it is probable that his son was
+the Percy Kirke who in 1735 was a Brigadier-General, commanding the
+King's Own Regiment of Foot.]
+
+Andros was commissioned Governor in chief in and over the dominion of
+New England, June 3, 1686, though his appointment is spoken of as
+settled, in a letter from Randolph, dated at Boston, July 28th of that
+year. (Hutchinson Papers, ii. 288, Prince Society's edition.)
+
+It would seem as if Andros had received less than justice from the
+historians of Massachusetts. HUTCHINSON (Hist. i. 353) writes of him,
+"he was less dreaded than Kirke, but he was known to be of an
+arbitrary disposition. He kept a correspondence with the Colony whilst
+he was Governor of New York. His letters then discovered much of the
+dictator." So PALFREY (iii. 517) in his admirable History, says that
+James "had known Andros many years as a person of resolution and
+capacity, of arbitrary principles, and of habits and tastes absolutely
+foreign to those of the Puritans of New-England; and could scarcely
+have been ignorant of his personal grudge against Massachusetts, on
+account of old affronts. It was not to be doubted that here was a man
+prepared to be as oppressive and offensive as the King desired."
+
+It is certainly but justice to an officer who filled so many important
+positions to the entire satisfaction of employers so different as
+James II. and William of Orange, to scrutinize with deliberation such
+charges against his character, and to insist upon undoubted evidence
+of his personal iniquities.
+
+One thing seems evident, the government now imposed on New England was
+not the act of Andros, nor is there any proof that he sought the
+position of Governor. Randolph indeed had labored for years to effect
+the downfall of the Charter government; and as PALFREY has shown in
+successive chapters, in aid of the same purpose were the efforts of
+English merchants whose trade was injured by the commercial enterprise
+of Massachusetts, and the denunciations of English politicians, who
+considered the Charter government an infringement of the Royal
+prerogative. We have seen no evidence of Andros's complicity with
+these enemies of New England, and no proof of an unfriendly
+disposition when he accepted office.
+
+It will hardly be imputed to Andros as a fault that he took the view
+of the Royal authority which prevailed at Court. As a subordinate,
+appointed to a certain position to carry out a certain policy, he had
+no choice but to obey or resign. In carrying out the commands of his
+master, he can only be blamed if his conduct was cruel or even harsh,
+in excess of his instructions. It will certainly be difficult, we
+think, to fasten any such stigma upon Andros. Leaving his political
+offences, for which the King was responsible, what personal charges
+can be substantiated against him?
+
+It is evident that no person was executed for a political offence, and
+that none of the atrocities of Jeffreys or Lauderdale were repeated in
+this country. It is equally evident that no one was fined or
+imprisoned for non-conformity to the Church of England, and the
+contrast with the mother country is entirely in our favor. If the
+fees exacted were excessive, a point hereafter to be considered, was
+Andros a gainer thereby? From a report made at the time, and printed
+in N.Y. Colonial Documents, iv. 263, it appears that Andros was paid a
+fixed salary in 1686, of L1200 sterling; in 1687, the same, and in
+1688, L1400 sterling, out of the revenue. We have yet to learn of any
+claim made against Andros for fees illegally collected or for public
+money mis-appropriated. PALMER indeed, in his Impartial Account, makes
+a strong defense for Andros on this head. The Council were all old
+residents; the Secretary and Collector, who received the greatest
+fees, were not appointed by Andros, and indeed Randolph quarrelled
+with him. The Treasurer was John Usher, who continued to reside here
+after the downfall of Andros, and the Chief Justice was Dudley. It is
+hardly probable that Andros was responsible for the appointment of any
+of the higher officials, nor should he be justly charged with the
+table of fees which was fixed for their benefit by a committee of the
+Council.
+
+Reduced to plain statements, the personal charges against Andros seem
+to be, first, a zeal for Episcopacy, which led him to insist upon
+having a place for Church services in one of the Boston meeting-houses
+for a time; and secondly, a rude or insolent carriage towards his
+disaffected subjects.
+
+As to the first, the facts are patent, and they do not seem to
+constitute a very heinous offence. It was undeniably a great annoyance
+to the members of the Old South Church, to have the Governor use the
+building for Episcopal services, but as they were held only when "the
+building was not occupied by the regular congregation," (PALFREY, iii.
+522,) we cannot greatly censure Andros for his course.
+
+As to his treatment of persons accused of misdemeanors, we find but
+one instance which was worthy of censure. The case of the Rev. Mr.
+Wiswall of Duxbury, as narrated at p. 100 of this volume, is an
+evidence of inhumanity on the part of some one. If he were compelled
+to journey and appear before the Council when disabled by gout, it was
+an act disgraceful to the authorities; yet we must add, that Andros is
+not accused directly of being the persecutor. The other instances sink
+into insignificance, and at most prove only that Andros was a
+passionate man, who did not hesitate to express uncomplimentary
+opinions very freely. When Andros "called the people of the country
+Jacks and Toms;" and when, the constables having made an address to
+Sir Edmund as to how they should keep the peace if the sailors from
+the Frigate made a fray, "he fell into a great rage and did curse them
+and said they ought to be sent to Gaol and ordered Mr. West to take
+their names,"--we cannot on that account rank him with Kirke or
+Claverhouse.
+
+So in two cases cited by his accusers, in pages 107 and 111 following:
+when certain impertinent busy-bodies brought an Indian to testify that
+Andros was engaged in a conspiracy to bring on an Indian War,--a story
+whose folly was only equalled by the harm it might cause if believed
+by the people,--Andros contented himself with ridiculing them, though
+afterwards they were fined by the courts. To prove that he
+discountenanced making defence against the Indians, his opponents
+offer the testimony of certain village officials, whose affidavits
+prove only that Sir Edmund probably had read Shakespeare.
+
+We fail, therefore, to see any evidence that Andros was cruel,
+rapacious, or dishonest; we know of no charge affecting his morality,
+and we find a hasty temper the most palpable fault to be imputed to
+him.
+
+To return to our sketch of his public acts. He arrived at Boston, a
+place which he had before visited in October, 1680, to wait upon Lord
+Culpepper, (N.Y. Col. Doc. iii. 308,) in the "Kingfisher," Sunday,
+December 19, 1686, and landed the next day attended by about sixty
+soldiers. He was received with great acclamation of joy, and was
+escorted by a great number of merchants and others, to the Town House.
+He at once proceeded to organize his government, which it must be
+remembered, as constituted by his commission, was composed of the
+Governor and his Council. The other officers, judges, collectors, &c.,
+were at hand, and the objects of the new rulers were soon disclosed.
+By losing their Charter and its representative form of government, the
+colonists had lost the privilege of taxing themselves. The Governor
+and Council imposed the tax; and when the inhabitants of the town of
+Ipswich attempted to resist the law, the patriotic leaders of the
+movement were tried, fined and imprisoned. The judges were Dudley,
+Stoughton, Usher and Randolph. This trial ended all attempts to
+dispute this claim of the government, but it was only the natural
+result of the forfeiture of the Charter, and in no sense the act of
+the Governor.
+
+The other claim of the Crown was to the ownership of all the land,
+which involved two questions, viz. as to lands already owned by the
+settlers, and waste lands. The government held that private titles
+were invalid, unless confirmed by the Crown on the payment of a quit
+rent. Preposterous as this doctrine may seem, it had staunch
+defenders, and Andros was in earnest in enforcing it. Many complied
+with the requirements of the government, but the work was not
+completed when the Revolution came. As to Andros's share of the blame,
+Palmer makes the best defence, when he points out that Writs of
+Intrusion were brought only against a few persons to test the right,
+and these persons were those able to contest the question, and not
+obscure individuals. The moral question as to waste lands is more
+difficult of decision, since the argument is not without force, that
+it was better for Andros to grant them to persons who would improve
+them, than for the towns to hold them, unimproved, as commons.
+
+Among the earliest acts of Andros, was his extending his authority
+over New Hampshire, Plymouth and Rhode Island, as well as Maine and
+Massachusetts. In October, 1687, he visited Hartford, and took the
+government of Connecticut also into his hands, and he afterwards
+traveled through that Colony. The first few months of 1688 were spent
+at Boston in consolidating the legislation necessary for the future
+guidance of the government.
+
+He had at this time the misfortune to lose his wife, who died January
+22, 1687-8, and was buried in the church-yard adjoining King's
+Chapel.[6]
+
+[Footnote 6: In TRUMBULL'S Conn. Records, iii. 437, is a letter from
+John West to John Allen at Hartford. It is dated January 21st,
+(Saturday,) and states that he writes to let Allen "know the great
+griefe and sorrow wee are in for my Lady Andros, who since Tuesday
+last was sevenight hath been extreamly ill, and soe continues almost
+at the Court of Death, and is a greate affliction to his Excellency
+who is most passionately concerned. If it should please God to call
+her to himselfe, wee should all have a greate losse of a right good
+and vertuous Lady."
+
+In a postscript West adds--"January 26th. Mr. Belcher not proceeding
+on his intended Journey, have opportunity to add that on Sunday last
+the Lady Andros departed this life, to the great griefe and sorrow of
+his Excellency and all that knew her."
+
+As to the funeral, the following account is given in Judge Sewall's
+Diary, quoted in BRIDGMAN'S King's Chapel Epitaphs, p. 318. "Between 4
+and 5 I went to the funeral of the Lady Andros, having been invited by
+the Clark of the South Company. Between 7 and 8 (lychns illuminating
+the cloudy air) the corpse was carried into the herse drawn by six
+horses, the soldiers making a guard from the Governor's house down the
+Prison Lane to the South meeting-house; there taken out and carried in
+at the western door, and set in the alley before the pulpit, with six
+mourning women by it. House made light with candles and torches. There
+was a great noise and clamor to keep people out of the house that they
+might not rush in too soon. I went home."]
+
+In April, 1688, Andros visited Portsmouth and Pemaquid, where he
+repaired the fort, and proceeding to Penobscot, he seized some
+property of Castine, a Frenchman who had settled there among the
+Indians. Returning to Boston, "he found a great promotion awaiting him
+in a new commission, creating him Governor of all the English
+possessions on the mainland, except Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland
+and Virginia."[7] His command embraced New England, New York and New
+Jersey, with its capital at Boston.
+
+[Footnote 7: PALFREY, iii. 558, 561, 562.]
+
+In July, August and September, 1688, Andros made a tour through the
+Colonies, going through the Jerseys, and visiting New York city,
+Albany and Hartford. During this visit he had held a conference with
+the chiefs of the Five Nations, and had notified the Governor of
+Canada that these tribes were under the protection of the English. He
+must therefore have been surprised and disgusted to find that
+hostilities were imminent in the Colony of Maine. The cause of this
+outbreak was probably the resentment of Castine, whose property had
+been taken by Andros in the spring, and whose influence with the
+Penobscots was great.
+
+At first, the Governor tried the effect of conciliation, but finding
+this useless, he collected some seven hundred troops,[8] and in
+November, 1688, he proceeded to Maine to defend the settlers there. He
+established and garrisoned several forts, a list of which will be
+found in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. 3rd S. i. 85. At Pemaquid, he received
+information of the probable designs of the Prince of Orange upon
+England, and January 10th, 1689, he issued the Proclamation which will
+be found on p. 75 of the present volume.
+
+[Footnote 8: PALFREY, iii. 568.]
+
+He returned to Boston early in March,[9] and the chief event of that
+month was the accusation that he had entered into a conspiracy with
+the Indians against the Colony, a base and foolish calumny. On the 4th
+of April, 1689, the news of the landing of the Prince of Orange in
+England was brought to Boston from Nevis by John Winslow, who had a
+copy of the Prince's Declaration. Andros had been previously warned
+however, by his friends in New York.
+
+[Footnote 9: Ibid, iii. 570.]
+
+From this time until the 18th of April, there were doubtless plots and
+conspiracies without end. On that day the people of Boston rose
+against Andros and his government, but no hint is given us of the real
+contrivers of the revolution. PALFREY, iii. 579, writes, "It would be
+very interesting to know when and how the rising in Boston was
+projected. But conspirators do not show their hands while they are at
+their game; and after the settlement under King William, it became
+altogether unsuitable for those who had been privy to the facts to let
+it be known that the insurrection at Boston was a movement independent
+of his enterprise." The contemporary accounts of the proceedings are
+numerous and full of detail. BYFIELD'S Account was printed very soon
+and will be found in this volume; HUTCHINSON gives in his History, (i.
+374-377,) a copy of a letter sent to Gov. Hinckley; PALFREY in the
+notes to his History, gives a number of citations from original
+papers, including the narrative of John Riggs, a servant of Sir
+Edmund's; and last, O'CALLAGHAN, (N.Y. Col. Documents, iii. 722,)
+prints Andros's own version. The events themselves are so fully
+described in the following pages, that it is necessary to say only
+that Andros, who was in the fort on Fort-hill, was obliged to
+surrender on the first day, April 18th, and was lodged under guard at
+Mr. Usher's house. On the 19th he was forced to order the surrender of
+the Castle in the harbor, and the Rose frigate was also given up and
+partially dismantled. A provisional government was at once formed, and
+Andros was transferred to the custody of John Nelson at the fort. We
+have printed in the present collection a statement by the Captain of
+the Castle, of the good treatment afforded Andros and his companions.
+It seems by BYFIELD'S story, that Sir Edmund made an unsuccessful
+attempt to escape disguised in woman's apparel, in April; he was more
+successful on the 2nd of August, when by the treachery of one of the
+corporals, he escaped from the Castle and reached Rhode Island.
+Waiting there too long, probably for some vessel bound to New York or
+to England, he was captured by Major Sanford and sent back to his
+former prison.
+
+The following named persons were imprisoned with Andros. (R.I.
+Records, iii. 257.) "Joseph Dudley, Judge Palmer, Mr. Randolph, Lt.
+Col. Lidgett, Lt. Col. Macgregry, Captain George, Major Brockholes,
+Mr. Graham, Mr. West, Captain Treffry, Mr. Justice Bullivant, Mr.
+Justice Foxcroft, Captain White, Captain Ravencroft, Ensign Pipin, Dr.
+Roberts, Mr. Farewell, Mr. Jemeson, Mr. Kane, Mr. Broadbent, Mr. James
+Sherlock, sheriff, Mr. Larkin, Captain Manning, Lt. Jordaine, Mr.
+Cutler,"--25 in all, to which BYFIELD adds Mr. Crafford and Mr. Smith,
+and HUTCHINSON says that the number seized and confined amounted to
+about fifty. Probably some were soon released, or were too obscure in
+rank to be recorded.
+
+It is our intention now to trace the personal fortunes of the deposed
+Governor, rather than the course of his successors. He was kept
+prisoner until February, 1690, when, in accordance with an order from
+England, Sir Edmund and his companions were sent thither for trial.
+The order, which was caused by letters which they had managed to
+convey to the Court, was dated July 30, 1689, but it did not reach
+Boston till very late in the year, and the prisoners were sent by the
+first opportunity.[10]
+
+[Footnote 10: See HUTCHINSON, i. 392; R.I. Records, iii. 256.]
+
+The Colony sent over Elisha Cooke and Thomas Oakes to assist their
+agents, Sir Henry Ashurst and Increase Mather, in prosecuting their
+charges against Sir Edmund and his associates. We find in the New York
+Col. Documents, iii. 722, and also in R.I. Records, iii. 281, an
+account by Sir Edmund of his administration, which is termed by
+PALFREY (iii. 587) "extremely disingenuous," though we cannot assent
+to this term. In it he says that he and his friends were sent to
+England "where, after summons given to the pretended agents of New
+England, and their twice appearance at the Council Board, nothing
+being objected by them or others, they were discharged."
+
+HUTCHINSON, indeed, (i. 394,) attempts to lay the blame of this
+release of Andros and his more guilty associates, upon Sir John
+Somers, the counsel employed by the agents. It may be nearer the truth
+to say that Andros had committed no crime for which he could be
+punished, and that he had in no way exceeded or abused the powers
+conferred upon him.
+
+At all events, Andros was favorably received at home, and in 1692 was
+appointed Governor of Virginia, to which command was joined that of
+Maryland. "He brought over to Virginia the Charter of William and Mary
+College, of which he laid the foundation. He encouraged manufactures
+and the cultivation of cotton in that Colony, regulated the
+Secretary's office, where he commanded all the public papers and
+records to be sorted and kept in order, and when the State House was
+burned, had them carefully preserved, and again sorted and registered.
+By these and other commendable acts, he succeeded in gaining the
+esteem of the people, and in all likelihood would have been still more
+useful to the Colony had his stay been longer, but his administration
+closed in November, 1698." (O'CALLAGHAN, Woolley's Journal, p. 67.)
+
+Strangely enough, the Governor who in Massachusetts was chiefly hated
+for his love of Episcopacy, was overthrown in Virginia for quarrelling
+with the Church authorities. The Earl of Bellomont writes in 1690, in
+a letter printed in N.Y. Col. Doc. iv. 490, "Sir Edmund Andros for
+quarreling with Doctor Blair in Virginia, brought the resentment of
+the Bishop of London and the Church (they say) on his head, which is
+the reason he has lost his government, and by the same rule they would
+get me recalled by making this a church quarrel." Bishop Meade in his
+"Old Churches and Families of Virginia," i. 157-8, gives some account
+of this controversy. The opponent of Andros was the Rev. James Blair,
+Commissary of the Bishop of London and President of the College, who
+seems to have passed nearly all his life in disputes with successive
+Governors; and it is no proof that Andros was in the wrong that he was
+recalled and superseded. The record of the trial of Dr. Blair is
+preserved at Lambeth, the result being that he returned triumphant
+with a good sum of money for his College.
+
+Sir Edmund soon reappears, however, as the recipient of Court favor,
+being in 1704 appointed Governor of Guernsey, an office which he held
+for two years, retaining also the post of Bailiff of the Island, which
+he had for life. This is nearly the last we learn of him, and his age,
+nearly seventy years, must have debarred him from farther service. We
+find his name indeed among the new members in the "Proceedings of the
+Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 20 Feb.
+1712-3 to 19 Feb. 1713-4;"[11] and this was in the last year of his
+life, as he was buried at St. Anne's, Soho, Westminster, London, 27th
+Feb. 1713-4, in his 76th year.
+
+[Footnote 11: Communicated by W.S. Appleton, Esq.]
+
+There remain to be noticed only a few items in respect to Sir Edmund's
+marriages, all occurring after his return from Virginia.
+
+We do not know how soon after the death of his first wife in 1688 he
+married again; but the examination made for us by Joseph L. Chester,
+Esq., of London, shows that Sir Edmund's second wife was Elizabeth,
+third daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Crispe of Quekes, co. Kent.
+Her father, who died in 1680, was the oldest son of Thomas Crispe,
+Esq. of Gondhurst, co. Kent, nephew and heir-male of Henry Crispe of
+Quekes. She was a widow, having married first Christopher Clapham,
+(son of Sir Christopher Clapham, Knt. of Clapham, co. York,) who died
+15th November, 1677, and was buried in Birchington Church, Isle of
+Thanet, co. Kent: by him she had but one child, Christopher Clapham,
+who is mentioned in Andros's Will. It may be added, that Sir William
+Craven, brother of the first Lady Andros, married Mary Clapham, a
+sister-in-law of this Mrs. Elizabeth Clapham. The connection between
+the families rendered this second marriage of Andros the more
+natural.
+
+The second Lady Andros was buried at St. Giles'-in-the-Fields, co.
+Middlesex, August 18th, 1703.
+
+Sir Edmund married thirdly, April 21st, 1707, Elizabeth Fitzherbert,
+of whose family nothing has been found. She survived him and was
+buried at St. Anne's, Soho, February 12th, 1716-17. He left no issue
+by any of his wives, though representatives of the family, in the line
+of his nephew, still reside at Guernsey.
+
+In reviewing the long public career of Sir Edmund Andros, we are
+struck not less by the amount of work which he performed than by the
+censures which his services incurred. He was the Governor at times of
+every Royal Province on the mainland, and exercised a larger influence
+than any other of the rulers sent hither by Great Britain. He was
+repeatedly accused of dishonesty and oppression, yet he passed
+harmless through repeated examinations only to receive fresh
+promotion. He was apparently the chosen follower of James, and yet
+there is no reason to suspect him of any disloyalty to his country at
+the anxious period when that monarch was striving to retain his
+throne. He was intrusted by William with the government of Virginia,
+and was honored by Queen Anne; thus holding office under four
+successive monarchs. Surely there must have been some noble traits of
+character in a man thus perpetually involved in contests and thus
+invariably successful.
+
+It is certainly to be regretted that we have been led to form our
+opinion of Andros from the reports of men who were deeply interested
+in maligning him. That his government was distasteful to the citizens
+of Massachusetts is undeniable, but no man sent here to perform the
+same duty would have been acceptable. In reality the grievance of the
+colonists lay in the destruction of their Charter, and filled with
+hatred to those who had thus deprived them of this accustomed liberty,
+they were at enmity with every form of government that might be
+imposed in its place. The leaders indeed found that a restoration of
+the Charter was impossible, but Increase Mather's letters testify how
+reluctantly the people acquiesced, and how sharply he was blamed for
+not effecting impossibilities.
+
+As to the government of Andros, we fail to see in it any special
+hardships or persecution. He himself declares that he levied for the
+expenses of the State only the usual annual tax of a penny in the
+pound, which had been the rate for the previous fifty years. If other
+officers, not appointed by him, nor under his control, charged
+unmerciful fees, that was a matter to be urged against them. It is a
+significant fact, however, that most of these officers remained in
+America and were unmolested. If under instructions from the Crown, and
+fortified by the opinions of English judges, he attempted to collect
+rent for lands which the settlers claimed were their own, unless he
+used fraud or violence, he should no more be blamed than the lawyers
+employed in the cases.
+
+We see then no reason to doubt that Sir Edmund Andros was an upright
+and honorable man, faithful to his employers, conscientious in his
+religious belief, an able soldier, possessed of great administrative
+abilities, a man worthy to be ranked among the leaders of his time. He
+may have been hasty of speech, yet his words were followed by no acts
+of revenge; he may have been proud of his ancestry and his position at
+Court, yet we find no evidence that his pride exceeded the bounds of
+decorum. He was singularly fortunate in acquiring the affection of the
+Indians at a time when their good-will was of immense importance; and
+his overthrow was the precursor of one of the most disastrous Indian
+wars that New England ever experienced.
+
+It should be remembered, finally, that he labored under the
+disadvantage of being here at the time of a transition in affairs. He
+was fast building up a party here of those who wished to assimilate
+Massachusetts to other portions of the British empire. There were
+many, and those not the poorest or least educated, who were sorry when
+the reaction succeeded for a time and the old rule was re-established.
+And yet the triumph was but nominal, for the old Charter and the old
+system were never restored. The Colony was destined to enter upon a
+new career which was to reach to the Revolution, and undoubtedly a
+potent influence at the outset was the breaking up of old associations
+effected by Andros. The only injustice we need to repair, is the
+mistaken idea that he was the ruling cause of the change--it was
+something far more powerful. Unless, therefore, we are disposed to
+quarrel with the progress of events, and to wish to restore our State
+to the primitive rule of the Puritan church, we should cease to make a
+bugbear of the instrument of its overthrow. We may class Andros rather
+among those statesmen, unwelcome but necessary, whose very virtues and
+abilities are detested in their lifetime, because they do so
+thoroughly their appointed work and initiate new periods in national
+history.
+
+
+
+
+WILL OF SIR EDMUND ANDROS.
+
+[Extracted from the Principal Registry of Her Majesty's Court of
+Probate, in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.]
+
+
+In the Name of God, Amen.
+
+I Sr. Edmund Andros of Guernsey and now residing in the parish of
+St Anne in the Liberty of Westminster in the County of Middlesex
+Knight being in health of body and of good and perfect memory praised
+be God do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner
+and form following that is to say First and principally I commend my
+soul into the hands of Almighty God my Creator trusting and assuredly
+hoping through the merits and mediation of my blessed Lord and Saviour
+Jesus Christ to inherit eternal life my body to be decently buried but
+without ostentation and as to the worldly estate it hath pleased God
+to bless me with I dispose thereof as followeth viz Imprs: I order
+and direct that all the just debts which I may happen to owe at my
+decease be forthwith paid----Item I give the sum of one hundred
+pounds for the placing of ten poor children to be apprentices to some
+trades or otherwise preferred according to the discretion of my
+Executor that is to say ten pounds for each child----Item
+Whereas I am entitled to two several annuities of fifty pounds p.
+annum each payable out of the Exchequer by virtue of an Act of
+Parliament whereof the order for payment for one is number one
+thousand and ninety four and therefore payment of the other is number
+four thousand three hundred seventy seven now for a further and better
+provision for Dame Elizabeth my wife I do give unto her the said two
+several annuities of fifty pounds p: ann: a piece together with the
+several Tallys and Orders relating thereunto for and during the term
+of her natural life only and I also give unto my said wife the sum of
+one hundred pounds to be paid to her immediately after my death which
+said several annuities for life and one hundred pounds I do hereby
+direct appoint and declare are for and in lieu of a jointure and in
+full recompence of her dower and are hereby given to my said wife upon
+condition that she shall not claim any interest right or title in or
+to any lands tenements or hereditaments of which I am or shall be
+seized at the time of my decease and if my said wife shall after my
+death claim any estate right title or interest in or to any of my
+lands tenements or hereditaments Then the bequest herein made unto her
+of the said several annuities and of the said one hundred pounds as
+aforesaid shall be void and of none effect and then and in such case I
+give the said several annuities and the said one hundred pounds unto
+my Executor hereinafter named----And from and after the decease
+of my said wife I also give the said two several annuities of fifty
+pounds each unto my Executor hereinafter named together with the
+Tallys & orders relating thereunto----Item I give the sum of
+two hundred pounds which is due to me by bond from Thomas Cooper near
+Maidstone in Kent taken in the name of my late sister in law Mrs
+Hannah Crispe and all the interest that shall be due thereupon unto
+Christopher Clapham Esq (son of my late dear deceased wife) if I do
+not in some other give or secure to the said Christopher Clapham the
+sd. debt of two hundred pounds and interest----Item I give
+to Edwin Wiat Esq Serjeant at Law (if he shall survive me) and in case
+of his death before me to his Executors Administrators or assigns the
+sum of three hundred pounds which is due and owing to me by mortgage
+made from Mrs Mary Hurt unto my said late wife by the name of
+Elizabeth Clapham Widow and all interest that shall be due thereupon
+and all my right and interest in and to the same upon this condition
+that the said Serjt. Wiat his executors administrators or assigns
+shall within six months next after my decease pay unto the said
+Christopher Clapham Esq the sum of two hundred pounds which sum I do
+give to the said Mr. Clapham out of the said debt----Item I
+give to my niece Elizabeth daughter of my late brother John Andros
+deceased the sum of two hundred pounds----Item I give to my
+niece Ann daughter of my said late brother John Andros the sum of one
+hundred pounds----Item I give to my nephew Caesar son of my
+sd. late brother John Andros the sum of one hundred pounds----Item
+I give to my nephew Edmund son of my said late brother John Andros
+the yearly sum of twenty pounds for his maintenance which sd. yearly
+sum of twenty pounds my will is shall be paid by my Executor
+hereinafter named free from all taxes charges and payments whatsoever
+unto my said nephew Edmund or to such person or persons as shall from
+time to time have the care and keeping of him by equal half yearly
+payments for and during the term of his natural life that is to say at
+the feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Feast
+of St. Michael the Archangel the first payment to begin and to be made
+at such of the said feasts as shall first happen after my
+death----Item I give unto my nephew William son of my said late
+brother John Andros the sum of one hundred pounds----Item I give to my
+nephew George Son of my late brother George Andros deceased all my
+estate and interest in the Island of Alderney which I shall be seized
+or possessed of at the time of my death either in fee simple or for
+any term of years or otherwise howsoever in the said Island of
+Alderney together with all powers privileges and francises to me
+belonging and all my right title and interest thereto and I also give
+unto my said nephew George Andros the sum of five hundred pounds----Item
+whereas there is payable to me or my assigns out of the
+Exchequer and chargeable on the Revenue of Excise by Act of Parliament
+two several annuities of fifty pounds each whereof the order for one
+is number four hundred sixty three & the order for the other is number
+four hundred sixty four I do hereby give unto my said nephew George
+Andros the said two several annuitys or yearly sums of fifty pounds &
+all my term benefit & advantages in & to the same together with the
+Tallys and orders relating thereunto to be delivered to him
+immediately after my decease----Item I give to my niece Anne
+Lemesurier daughter of my said late Brother George Andros the sum of
+one hundred pounds----Item Whereas Caesar Knapton Gent is indebted to
+me in several sums of money by bond mortgage or otherwise the mortgage
+being made to Ralph Marshall Esq & by him assigned to me in lieu of
+moneys had of mine I do hereby give unto the sd. Caesar Knapton all
+such moneys as remains due to me from him & do also release unto him
+and his heirs all securities which I have for the same----Item I give
+to William Le Merchant Son of my late niece Elizabeth Le Merchant
+dec'ed the sum of one hundred pounds and to his sister Elizabeth the
+now wife of Mr. Elizea Le Merchant the like sum of one hundred
+pounds----Item I release and discharge my cousin Magdalen Andros Widow
+the Relict of my Cousin Amos Andros deceased and his heirs off and
+from all and every the sum and sums of money which is due and owing to
+me from the said Amos Andros by Bond or otherwise----Item I release &
+discharge my cousin Mary Andros (daughter of the said Amos Andros
+deceased) off and from all sum and sums of money charges and other
+expences whatsoever which I have disbursed or have been at for her
+late maintenance or might have or clayme any wise for the same and
+also I give unto her the said Mary Andros the sume of one hundred
+pounds and my mind and will is and I doe hereby direct that the
+several and respective legacies hereinbefore given shall be by my
+Executor hereinafter named paid or assigned to the said several
+legatees entitled thereto within one year next after my decease
+nevertheless my will is and I do hereby declare that the said several
+legacies hereinbefore given are given to the said several legatees
+respectively upon condition that they do not claim any other part of
+my estate than what is hereby given to them respectively and that if
+any or either of them or any other person or persons on their or any
+of their behalfs or claiming by or under them either or any of them
+shall or do clayme any part of my estate either real or personal other
+than what is by this my Will given to them respectively or shall in
+any wise molest hinder or disturb my nephews John Andros or his heirs
+or any claiming under him or them in the quiet possession or enjoyment
+thereof or shall upon his or their request refuse to release all his
+her or their claim interest or pretensions in or to all or any part or
+parcel of my estate other than what is hereinbefore respectively given
+to them That then and from thenceforth the legacy or legacys so given
+to him her or them respectively as aforesaid so claiming or refusing
+as aforesaid shall respectively cease determine and be utterly void
+and in such case I give the said legacy or legacys so as to be made
+void as aforesaid unto my said nephew John (eldest son of my said
+brother John Andros dec'ed) and his heirs----Item I give to Mrs.
+Margaret Baxter Widow the yearly sum of ten pounds to be paid to her
+tax free out of the interest rents issues and profits of the mortgage
+money hereinafter mentioned to be due to me from the estate of my late
+cousin Margaret Lowdon deceased by equal quarterly payments for and
+during the natural life of the said Mrs. Baxter the first payment
+whereof to begin and to be made at the end of three calendar months
+next after my decease----Item I discharge the heirs executors and
+administrators of the said Mrs. Margaret Lowdon of and from all
+interest money that shall remain due to me at the time of my decease
+over and above what sums of money she did in her lifetime pay and
+which they or any of them shall have paid to me or by my order for the
+sum of four hundred pounds which is due to me on the mortgage of her
+estate in Harron Alley without Aldgate London----Item all other my
+estate whatsoever both real and personal in Great Britain Guernsey or
+elsewhere not herein disposed of after all my debts legacies and
+funeral expences shall be paid and satisfied I give devise and
+bequeath unto my said nephew John (eldest son of my said late brother
+John Andros deceased) and to his heirs----But my will is that my said
+nephew John or his heirs shall within two years after my decease (if
+not built before) build a good suitable house on or at the Manor of
+Sacmares in Guernsey aforesaid and if the said John or his heires
+shall not in that time build such house (if not built before) Then my
+Will is and I do hereby direct and appoint my said nephew John or his
+heires to pay the sum of five hundred pounds unto my said nephew
+George Andros within one year after his or their neglect to build such
+house as aforesaid and I do hereby make ordain constitute and appoint
+my said nephew John Andros (in case he survives me) Sole Executor of
+this my last Will and Testament----But if my said nephew John Andros
+shall be then dead then and in such case I make his heirs male Sole
+Executor of this my last Will and Testament----And I do hereby
+revoke annul and make void all former wills by me made declaring this
+to be my last Will and Testament----In witness whereof to this my last
+Will and Testament contained in five sheets of paper I have to each of
+the said sheets sett my hand and seal the nineteenth day of July Anno
+Dom: 1712 and in the eleventh year of the reign of our Sovereign Lady
+Anne by the Grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland Queen
+Defender of the Faith
+
+E. ANDROS.
+
+     Signed sealed declared and published by the said Sir Edmund
+     Andros to be his last Will and Testament in the presence of
+     the Witnesses hereunder written which said Witnesses
+     subscribed their names in the presence of the said Sir
+     Edmund Andros--James Spenceley--Rob: Hodson Jno.  Hodson--
+
+Probatum fuit hujus modi Testamentum apud London coram Venerabili Viro
+Johanne Andrew Legum Doctore Surrogato Praehonorandi viri Domini Caroli
+Hodges Militis Legum Etiam Doctoris Curiae Prerogativae Cantuariensis
+Magistri Custodis Sive Commissarii legitime constituti Octavo die
+mensis Martii Anno D'ni Millesimo Septingentesimo decimo tertio
+juramento Johannis Andros Armigeri Executoris in dicto Testamento
+nominati Cui Commissa fuit administratio omnium et singulorum bonorum
+jurium et creditorum dicti defuncti de bene et fideliter administrando
+eadem ad Sancta Dei Evangelii Jurat.
+
+[Illustration: From Sir Edmund's official Seal used in New England.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE PRECEDING MEMOIR.
+
+
+Since the foregoing pages were in type, we have been favored with some
+additional information concerning the Governor, through the kindness
+of A.C. Andros, Esq., one of the present representatives of the
+family.
+
+
+A.
+
+He refers, first, to the printed account of Sir Edmund Andros, to be
+found in the following book:--"Sarnia, or Brief Memorials of many of
+her sons," by Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. of Guernsey, published in
+that island in 1862. In it the fact is mentioned that the manor or
+fief of Sausmarez (_anglice_ Saltmarsh) in St. Martin's parish, was
+sold in 1748 by the Andros family to a branch of the Sausmarez family
+which still owns it.
+
+
+B.
+
+Amice Andros, father of Sir Edmund, was "keeper of the castle of
+Jerbourg, and hereditary Cup-bearer to the King in Guernsey, as also
+one of the gallant defenders of Castle Cornet, during its memorable
+nine years' siege. Two of his brothers, military officers, were slain;
+one in the service of the King of Bohemia, who was son-in-law of
+James I. of England; and the other in 1644, during the Civil War."
+
+
+C.
+
+We have mentioned (p. xxii) that Sir Edmund received in 1683 a grant
+of the Island of Alderney for ninety-nine years. Mr. Tupper states
+that Lieut. General John Le Mesurier, who died 21st May, 1843, was the
+last hereditary governor of Alderney. He was descended from Anne
+Andros, sister and co-heir of George Andros, the nephew and heir of
+Sir Edmund. Gen. Le Mesurier resigned the patent in 1825, on condition
+of receiving a pension of L700 a year until its expiration in 1862.
+
+
+D.
+
+In an old pedigree, written about A.D. 1687 by Charles Andros, uncle
+of the Governor, and still preserved in the family, are a few
+additional items relating to Sir Edmund. Before 1660 he served three
+years in a troop of horse commanded by his uncle, Sir Robert Stone, in
+Holland, and had a commission as Ensign to go to the island of Funeme
+in Denmark.... After the death of the Queen of Bohemia he was made
+ensign of the company of Sir John Talbot, Captain of the King's
+guards. He was married "in England" to Mary Craven in February, 1671.
+March 30th, 1672, (by which we understand the same year as that of his
+marriage,) he was made Major of Prince Rupert's Dragoons. "The 14th
+day of January, 1673," (? 1673-4,) he received "by patent in reversion
+the charge of the Bailly of the island of Guernsey." "The 13th April,
+1683, the King, Charles II. gave the charge of Gentleman in ordinary
+of his privy chamber" to Sir Edmund, and "the 6th day of the month of
+June, 1685, the King, James II. gave a commission to the above Sir
+Edmund Andros to command a troop of cavalry to go against the rebels
+in England." This refers of course to Monmouth's Rebellion. In August,
+1685, he was made Lieut. Colonel of Lord Scarsdale's cavalry. (_Ante_,
+p. xxii.) "The 19th October, 1686, the above Sir Edmund left England
+to go to New-England;" he arrived 19th December, 1686. (_Ante_, p.
+xxvii.)
+
+
+E.
+
+We are indebted to Mr. Andros for a photograph of an original portrait
+of Sir Edmund, from which the engraving prefixed to this memoir has
+been made. As no other likeness of the Governor has been published,
+our readers will fully appreciate the kindness of this contribution,
+and will cordially join in expressing thanks for it.
+
+
+
+
+CORRECTIONS
+
+RECEIVED AFTER THE MEMOIR WAS PRINTED.
+
+
+P. v. The Memoir in Duncan's History was written by the late Mr.
+Thomas Andros of Guernsey, who died in 1853.
+
+P. vii. Colette, first wife of Charles Andros, was daughter of Josias
+Le Marchant. George Andros who m. Anne Blondel, died 10 Nov. 1685; so
+say the family records.
+
+P. ix. The pardon was dated 18th August. The baronet was Sir Henry De
+Vic.
+
+P. xi. Edmund Andros returned from Barbados to England in August,
+1668, as appears by a letter of the 13th of that month from Mr. Thomas
+Samborne to Mr. Amias Andros announcing his son's arrival in London.
+
+P. xxxv. Sir Edmund's second marriage was in 1691, says Mr. Chester.
+The Crispes were of Go_u_dhurst, Kent.
+
+P. xlvii. The two brothers of Amice Andros were Joshua, killed in
+Germany, and John, "Master of Artillery to Prince Maurice," killed in
+England.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Memoir of Sir Edmund Andros, Knt.,, by
+William Henry Whitmore
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