initial commit of ebook 3889HEADmain

7 files changed, 6093 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/3889.txt b/3889.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0ce4e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3889.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3022 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Queen Of
+France, Volume 6, by Madame Campan
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Queen Of France, Volume 6
+       Being the Historic Memoirs of Madam Campan, First Lady in Waiting
+       to the Queen
+       
+
+Author: Madame Campan
+
+Release Date: December 4, 2004 [EBook #3889]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARIE ANTOINETTE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, QUEEN OF FRANCE
+
+Being the Historic Memoirs of Madam Campan,
+First Lady in Waiting to the Queen
+
+
+
+
+Volume 6
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+
+In the beginning of the spring of 1791, the King, tired of remaining at
+the Tuileries, wished to return to St. Cloud.  His whole household had
+already gone, and his dinner was prepared there.  He got into his carriage
+at one; the guard mutinied, shut the gates, and declared they would not
+let him pass.  This event certainly proceeded from some suspicion of a
+plan to escape.  Two persons who drew near the King's carriage were very
+ill treated.  My father-in-law was violently laid hold of by the guards,
+who took his sword from him.  The King and his family were obliged to
+alight and return to their apartments.
+
+They did not much regret this outrage in their hearts; they saw in it a
+justification, even in the eyes of the people, of their intention to leave
+Paris.
+
+So early as the month of March in the same year, the Queen began to busy
+herself in preparing for her departure.  I spent that month with her, and
+executed a great number of secret orders which she gave me respecting the
+intended event.  It was with uneasiness that I saw her occupied with cares
+which seemed to me useless, and even dangerous, and I remarked to her that
+the Queen of France would find linen and gowns everywhere. My observations
+were made in vain; she determined to have a complete wardrobe with her at
+Brussels, as well for her children as herself. I went out alone and almost
+disguised to purchase the articles necessary and have them made up.
+
+I ordered six chemises at the shop of one seamstress, six at that of
+another, gowns, combing cloths, etc.  My sister had a complete set of
+clothes made for Madame, by the measure of her eldest daughter, and I
+ordered clothes for the Dauphin from those of my son.  I filled a trunk
+with these things, and addressed them, by the Queen's orders, to one of
+her women, my aunt, Madame Cardon,--a widow living at Arras, by virtue of
+an unlimited leave of absence,--in order that she might be ready to start
+for Brussels, or any other place, as soon as she should be directed to do
+so.  This lady had landed property in Austrian Flanders, and could at any
+time quit Arras unobserved.
+
+The Queen was to take only her first woman in attendance with her from
+Paris.  She apprised me that if I should not be on duty at the moment of
+departure, she would make arrangements for my joining her.  She determined
+also to take her travelling dressing-case.  She consulted me on her idea
+of sending it off, under pretence of making a present of it to the
+Archduchess Christina, Gouvernante of the Netherlands.  I ventured to
+oppose this plan strongly, and observed that, amidst so many people who
+watched her slightest actions, there would be found a sufficient number
+sharp-sighted enough to discover that it was only a pretext for sending
+away the property in question before her own departure; she persisted in
+her intention, and all I could arrange was that the dressing-case should
+not be removed from her apartment, and that M. de charge d'afaires from
+the Court of Vienna during the absence of the Comte de Mercy, should come
+and ask her, at her toilet, before all her people, to order one exactly
+like her own for Madame the Gouvernante of the Netherlands.  The Queen,
+therefore, commanded me before the charge d'affaires to order the article
+in question.  This occasioned only an expense of five hundred louis, and
+appeared calculated to lull suspicion completely.
+
+About the middle of May, 1791, a month after the Queen had ordered me to
+bespeak the dressing-case, she asked me whether it would soon be finished.
+I sent for the ivory-turner who had it in hand.  He could not complete it
+for six weeks.  I informed the Queen of this, and she told me she should
+not be able to wait for it, as she was to set out in the course of June.
+She added that, as she had ordered her sister's dressing-case in the
+presence of all her attendants, she had taken a sufficient precaution,
+especially by saying that her sister was out of patience at not receiving
+it, and that therefore her own must be emptied and cleaned, and taken to
+the charge d'affaires, who would send it off. I executed this order
+without any, appearance of mystery.  I desired the wardrobe woman to take
+out of the dressing-case all that it contained, because that intended for
+the Archduchess could not be finished for some time; and to take great
+care to leave no remains of the perfumes which might not suit that
+Princess.
+
+The woman in question executed her commission punctually; but, on the
+evening of that very day, the 15th of May, 1791, she informed M. Bailly,
+the Mayor of Paris, that preparations were making at the Queen's residence
+for a departure; and that the dressing-case was already sent off, under
+pretence of its being presented to the Archduchess Christina.
+
+[After the return from Varennes M. Bailly put this woman's deposition into
+the Queen's hands.--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+It was necessary, likewise, to send off all the diamonds belonging to the
+Queen.  Her Majesty shut herself up with me in a closet in the entresol,
+looking into the garden of the Tuileries, and we packed all the diamonds,
+rubies, and pearls she possessed in a small chest.  The cases containing
+these ornaments, being altogether of considerable bulk, had been
+deposited, ever since the 6th of October, 1789, with the valet de chambre
+who had the care of the Queen's jewels.  That faithful servant, himself
+detecting the use that was to be made of the valuables, destroyed all the
+boxes, which were, as usual, covered with red morocco, marked with the
+cipher and arms of France.  It would have been impossible for him to hide
+them from the eyes of the popular inquisitors during the domiciliary
+visits in January, 1793, and the discovery might have formed a ground of
+accusation against the Queen.
+
+I had but a few articles to place in the box when the Queen was compelled
+to desist from packing it, being obliged to go down to cards, which began
+at seven precisely.  She therefore desired me to leave all the diamonds
+upon the sofa, persuaded that, as she took the key of her closet herself,
+and there was a sentinel under the window, no danger was to be apprehended
+for that night, and she reckoned upon returning very early next day to
+finish the work.
+
+The same woman who had given information of the sending away of the
+dressing-case was also deputed by the Queen to take care of her more
+private rooms.  No other servant was permitted to enter them; she renewed
+the flowers, swept the carpets, etc.  The Queen received back the key,
+when the woman had finished putting them in order, from her own hands;
+but, desirous of doing her duty well, and sometimes having the key in her
+possession for a few minutes only, she had probably on that account
+ordered one without the Queen's knowledge.  It is impossible not to
+believe this, since the despatch of the diamonds was the subject of a
+second accusation which the Queen heard of after the return from Varennes.
+She made a formal declaration that her Majesty, with the assistance of
+Madame Campan, had packed up all her jewelry some time before the
+departure; that she was certain of it, as she had found the diamonds, and
+the cotton which served to wrap them, scattered upon the sofa in the
+Queen's closet in the 'entresol'; and most assuredly she could only have
+seen these preparations in the interval between seven in the evening and
+seven in the morning.  The Queen having met me next day at the time
+appointed, the box was handed over to Leonard, her Majesty's
+hairdresser,--[This unfortunate man, after having emigrated for some time,
+returned to France, and perished upon the scaffold.--NOTE BY EDITOR]--who
+left the country with the Duc de Choiseul.  The box remained a long time
+at Brussels, and at length got into the hands of Madame la Duchesse
+d'Angouleme, being delivered to her by the Emperor on her arrival at
+Vienna.
+
+In order not to leave out any of the Queen's diamonds, I requested the
+first tirewoman to give me the body of the full dress, and all the
+assortment which served for the stomacher of the full dress on days of
+state, articles which always remained at the wardrobe.
+
+The superintendent and the dame d'honneur being absent, the first
+tirewoman required me to sign a receipt, the terms of which she dictated,
+and which acquitted her of all responsibility for these diamonds. She had
+the prudence to burn this document on the 10th of August, 1792.--[The date
+of the sack of the Tuileries and slaughter of the Swiss Guard]--The Queen
+having determined, upon the arrest at Varennes, not to have her diamonds
+brought back to France, was often anxious about them during the year which
+elapsed between that period and the 10th of August, and dreaded above all
+things that such a secret should be discovered.
+
+In consequence of a decree of the Assembly, which deprived the King of the
+custody of the Crown diamonds, the Queen had at this time already given up
+those which she generally used.
+
+She preferred the twelve brilliants called Hazarins, from the name of the
+Cardinal who had enriched the treasury with them, a few rose-cut diamonds,
+and the Sanci.  She determined to deliver, with her own hands, the box
+containing them to the commissioner nominated by the National Assembly to
+place them with the Crown diamonds.  After giving them to him, she offered
+him a row of pearls of great beauty, saying to him that it had been
+brought into France by Anne of Austria; that it was invaluable, on account
+of its rarity; that, having been appropriated by that Princess to the use
+of the Queens and Dauphinesses, Louis XV.  had placed it in her hands on
+her arrival in France; but that she considered it national property.
+"That is an open question, Madame," said the commissary.  "Monsieur,"
+replied the Queen, "it is one for me to decide, and is now settled."
+
+My father-in-law, who was dying of the grief he felt for the misfortunes
+of his master and mistress, strongly interested and occupied the thoughts
+of the Queen.  He had been saved from the fury of the populace in the
+courtyard of the Tuileries.
+
+On the day on which the King was compelled by an insurrection to give up a
+journey to St. Cloud, her Majesty looked upon this trusty servant as
+inevitably lost, if, on going away, she should leave him in the apartment
+he occupied in the Tuileries.  Prompted by her apprehensions, she ordered
+M. Vicq-d'Azyr, her physician, to recommend him the waters of Mont d'Or in
+Auvergne, and to persuade him to set off at the latter end of May. At the
+moment of my going away the Queen assured me that the grand project would
+be executed between the 15th and the 20th of June; that as it was not my
+month to be on duty, Madame Thibaut would take the journey; but that she
+had many directions to give me before I went.  She then desired me to
+write to my aunt, Madame Cardon, who was by that time in possession of the
+clothes which I had ordered, that as soon as she should receive a letter
+from M. Augur, the date of which should be accompanied with a B, an L, or
+an M, she was to proceed with her property to Brussels, Luxembourg, or
+Montmedy.  She desired me to explain the meaning of these three letters
+clearly to my sister, and to leave them with her in writing, in order that
+at the moment of my going away she might be able to take my place in
+writing to Arras.
+
+The Queen had a more delicate commission for me; it was to select from
+among my acquaintance a prudent person of obscure rank, wholly devoted to
+the interests of the Court, who would be willing to receive a portfolio
+which she was to give up only to me, or some one furnished with a note
+from the Queen.  She added that she would not travel with this portfolio,
+and that it was of the utmost importance that my opinion of the fidelity
+of the person to whom it was to be entrusted should be well founded.  I
+proposed to her Madame Vallayer Coster, a painter of the Academy, and an
+amiable and worthy artist, whom I had known from my infancy.  She lived in
+the galleries of the Louvre.  The choice seemed a good one.  The Queen
+remembered that she had made her marriage possible by giving her a place
+in the financial offices, and added that gratitude ought sometimes to be
+reckoned on.  She then pointed out to me the valet belonging to her
+toilet, whom I was to take with me, to show him the residence of Madame
+Coster, so that he might not mistake it when he should take the portfolio
+to her.  The day before her departure the Queen particularly recommended
+me to proceed to Lyons and the frontiers as soon as she should have
+started.  She advised me to take with me a confidential person, fit to
+remain with M. Campan when I should leave him, and assured me that she
+would give orders to M. ------ to set off as soon as she should be known
+to be at the frontiers in order to protect me in going out.  She
+condescended to add that, having a long journey to make in foreign
+countries, she determined to give me three hundred louis.
+
+I bathed the Queen's hands with tears at the moment of this sorrowful
+separation; and, having money at my disposal, I declined accepting her
+gold.  I did not dread the road I had to travel in order to rejoin her;
+all my apprehension was that by treachery or miscalculation a scheme, the
+safety of which was not sufficiently clear to me, should fail.  I could
+answer for all those who belonged to the service immediately about the
+Queen's person, and I was right; but her wardrobe woman gave me
+well-founded reason for alarm.  I mentioned to the Queen many
+revolutionary remarks which this woman had made to me a few days before.
+Her office was directly under the control of the first femme de chambre,
+yet she had refused to obey the directions I gave her, talking insolently
+to me about "hierarchy overturned, equality among men," of course more
+especially among persons holding offices at Court; and this jargon, at
+that time in the mouths of all the partisans of the Revolution, was
+terminated by an observation which frightened me.  "You know many
+important secrets, madame," said this woman to me, "and I have guessed
+quite as many.  I am not a fool; I see all that is going forward here in
+consequence of the bad advice given to the King and Queen; I could
+frustrate it all if I chose."  This argument, in which I had been promptly
+silenced, left me pale and trembling.  Unfortunately, as I began my
+narrative to the Queen with particulars of this woman's refusal to obey
+me,--and sovereigns are all their lives importuned with complaints upon
+the rights of places,--she believed that my own dissatisfaction had much
+to do with the step I was taking; and she did not sufficiently fear the
+woman.  Her office, although a very inferior one, brought her in nearly
+fifteen thousand francs a year.  Still young, tolerably handsome, with
+comfortable apartments in the entresols of the Tuileries, she saw a great
+deal of company, and in the evening had assemblies, consisting of deputies
+of the revolutionary party.  M. de Gouvion, major-general of the National
+Guard, passed almost every day with her; and it is to be presumed that she
+had long worked for the party in opposition to the Court.  The Queen asked
+her for the key of a door which led to the principal vestibule of the
+Tuileries, telling her she wished to have a similar one, that she might
+not be under the necessity of going out through the pavilion of Flora. M.
+de Gouvion and M. de La Fayette would, of course, be apprised of this
+circumstance, and well-informed persons have assured me that on the very
+night of the Queen's departure this wretched woman had a spy with her, who
+saw the royal family set off.
+
+As soon as I had executed all the Queen's orders, on the 30th of May,
+1791, I set out for Auvergne, and was settled in the gloomy narrow valley
+of Mont d'Or, when, about four in the afternoon of the 25th of June, I
+heard the beat of a drum to call the inhabitants of the hamlet together.
+When it had ceased I heard a hairdresser from Bresse proclaim in the
+provincial dialect of Auvergne: "The King and Queen were taking flight in
+order to ruin France, but I come to tell you that they are stopped, and
+are well guarded by a hundred thousand men under arms."  I still ventured
+to hope that he was repeating only a false report, but he went on: "The
+Queen," with her well-known haughtiness, lifted up the veil which covered
+her face, and said to the citizens who were upbraiding the King, "Well,
+since you recognise your sovereign, respect him."  Upon hearing these
+expressions, which the Jacobin club of Clermont could not have invented, I
+exclaimed, "The news is true!"
+
+I immediately learnt that, a courier being come from Paris to Clermont,
+the 'procureur' of the commune had sent off messengers to the chief places
+of the canton; these again sent couriers to the districts, and the
+districts in like manner informed the villages and hamlets which they
+contained.  It was through this ramification, arising from the
+establishment of clubs, that the afflicting intelligence of the misfortune
+of my sovereigns reached me in the wildest part of France, and in the
+midst of the snows by which we were environed.
+
+On the 28th I received a note written in a hand which I recognised as that
+of M. Diet,--[This officer was slain in the Queen's chamber on the 10th of
+August]--usher of the Queen's chamber, but dictated by her Majesty.  It
+contained these words: "I am this moment arrived; I have just got into my
+bath; I and my family exist, that is all.  I have suffered much.  Do not
+return to Paris until I desire you.  Take good care of my poor Campan,
+soothe his sorrow.  Look for happier times." This note was for greater
+safety addressed to my father-in-law's valet-de-chambre.  What were my
+feelings on perceiving that after the most distressing crisis we were
+among the first objects of the kindness of that unfortunate Princess!
+
+M. Campan having been unable to benefit by the waters of Mont d'Or, and
+the first popular effervescence having subsided, I thought I might return
+to Clermont.  The committee of surveillance, or that of general safety,
+had resolved to arrest me there; but the Abbe Louis, formerly a
+parliamentary counsellor, and then a member of the Constituent Assembly,
+was kind enough to affirm that I was in Auvergne solely for the purpose of
+attending my father-in-law, who was extremely ill.  The precautions
+relative to my absence from Paris were limited to placing us under the
+surveillance of the 'procureur' of the commune, who was at the same time
+president of the Jacobin club; but he was also a physician of repute, and
+without having any doubt that he had received secret orders relative to
+me, I thought it would favour the chances of our safety if I selected him
+to attend my patient.  I paid him according to the rate given to the best
+Paris physicians, and I requested him to visit us every morning and every
+evening.  I took the precaution to subscribe to no other newspaper than
+the Moniteur.  Doctor Monestier (for that was the physician's name)
+frequently took upon himself to read it to us.  Whenever he thought proper
+to speak of the King and Queen in the insulting and brutal terms at that
+time unfortunately adopted throughout France, I used to stop him and say,
+coolly, "Monsieur, you are here in company with the servants of Louis XVI.
+and Marie Antoinette.  Whatever may be the wrongs with which the nation
+believes it has to reproach them, our principles forbid our losing sight
+of the respect due to them from us."  Notwithstanding that he was an
+inveterate patriot, he felt the force of this remark, and even procured
+the revocation of a second order for our arrest, becoming responsible for
+us to the committee of the Assembly, and to the Jacobin society.
+
+The two chief women about the Dauphin, who had accompanied the Queen to
+Varennes, Diet, her usher, and Camot, her garcon de toilette,--the women
+on account of the journey, and the men in consequence of the denunciation
+of the woman belonging to the wardrobe,--were sent to the prisons of the
+Abbaye.  After my departure the garcon de toilette whom I had taken to
+Madame Vallayer Coster's was sent there with the portfolio she had agreed
+to receive.  This commission could not escape the detestable spy upon the
+Queen.  She gave information that a portfolio had been carried out on the
+evening of the departure, adding that the King had placed it upon the
+Queen's easy-chair, that the garcon de toilette wrapped it up in a napkin
+and took it under his arm, and that she did not know where he had carried
+it.  The man, who was remarkable for his fidelity, underwent three
+examinations without making the slightest disclosure.  M. Diet, a man of
+good family, a servant on whom the Queen placed particular reliance,
+likewise experienced the severest treatment.  At length, after a lapse of
+three weeks, the Queen succeeded in obtaining the release of her servants.
+
+The Queen, about the 15th of August, had me informed by letter that I
+might come back to Paris without being under any apprehension of arrest
+there, and that she greatly desired my return.  I brought my father-in-law
+back in a dying state, and on the day preceding that of the acceptation of
+the constitutional act, I informed the Queen that he was no more.  "The
+loss of Lassonne and Campan," said she, as she applied her handkerchief to
+her streaming eyes, "has taught me how valuable such subjects are to their
+masters.  I shall never find their equals."
+
+I resumed my functions about the Queen on the 1st of September, 1791. She
+was unable then to converse with me on all the lamentable events which had
+occurred since the time of my leaving her, having on guard near her an
+officer whom she dreaded more than all the others.  She merely told me
+that I should have some secret services to perform for her, and that she
+would not create uneasiness by long conversations with me, my return being
+a subject of suspicion.  But next day the Queen, well knowing the
+discretion of the officer who was to be on guard that night, had my bed
+placed very near hers, and having obtained the favour of having the door
+shut, when I was in bed she began the narrative of the journey, and the
+unfortunate arrest at Varennes.  I asked her permission to put on my gown,
+and kneeling by her bedside I remained until three o'clock in the morning,
+listening with the liveliest and most sorrowful interest to the account I
+am about to repeat, and of which I have seen various details, of tolerable
+exactness, in papers of the time.
+
+The King entrusted Count Fersen with all the preparations for departure.
+The carriage was ordered by him; the passport, in the name of Madame de
+Korf, was procured through his connection with that lady, who was a
+foreigner.  And lastly, he himself drove the royal family, as their
+coachman, as far as Bondy, where the travellers got into their berlin.
+Madame Brunier and Madame Neuville, the first women of Madame and the
+Dauphin, there joined the principal carriage.  They were in a cabriolet.
+Monsieur and Madame set out from the Luxembourg and took another road.
+They as well as the King were recognised by the master of the last post in
+France, but this man, devoting himself to the fortunes of the Prince, left
+the French territory, and drove them himself as postilion.  Madame
+Thibaut, the Queen's first woman, reached Brussels without the slightest
+difficulty.  Madame Cardon, from Arras, met with no hindrance; and
+Leonard, the Queen's hairdresser, passed through Varennes a few hours
+before the royal family.  Fate had reserved all its obstacles for the
+unfortunate monarch.
+
+Nothing worthy of notice occurred in the beginning of the journey.  The
+travellers were detained a short time, about twelve leagues from Paris, by
+some repairs which the carriage required.  The King chose to walk up one
+of the hills, and these two circumstances caused a delay of three hours,
+precisely at the time when it was intended that the berlin should have
+been met, just before reaching Varennes, by the detachment commanded by M.
+de Goguelat.  This detachment was punctually stationed upon the spot fixed
+on, with orders to wait there for the arrival of certain treasure, which
+it was to escort; but the peasantry of the neighbourhood, alarmed at the
+sight of this body of troops, came armed with staves, and asked several
+questions, which manifested their anxiety.  M. de Goguelat, fearful of
+causing a riot, and not finding the carriage arrive as he expected,
+divided his men into two companies, and unfortunately made them leave the
+highway in order to return to Varennes by two cross roads. The King looked
+out of the carriage at Ste. Menehould, and asked several questions
+concerning the road.  Drouet, the post-master, struck by the resemblance
+of Louis to the impression of his head upon the assignats, drew near the
+carriage, felt convinced that he recognised the Queen also, and that the
+remainder of the travellers consisted of the royal family and their suite,
+mounted his horse, reached Varennes by cross roads before the royal
+fugitives, and gave the alarm.--[Varennes lies between Verdun and
+Montmedy, and not far from the French frontier.]
+
+The Queen began to feel all the agonies of terror; they were augmented by
+the voice of a person unknown, who, passing close to the carriage in full
+gallop, cried out, bending towards the window without slackening his
+speed, "You are recognised!"  They arrived with beating hearts at the
+gates of Varennes without meeting one of the horsemen by whom they were to
+have been escorted into the place.  They were ignorant where to find their
+relays, and some minutes were lost in waiting, to no purpose.  The
+cabriolet had preceded them, and the two ladies in attendance found the
+bridge already blocked up with old carts and lumber.  The town guards were
+all under arms.  The King at last entered Varennes.  M. de Goguelat had
+arrived there with his detachment.  He came up to the King and asked him
+if he chose to effect a passage by force!  What an unlucky question to put
+to Louis XVI., who from the very beginning of the Revolution had shown in
+every crisis the fear he entertained of giving the least order which might
+cause an effusion of blood!  "Would it be a brisk action?" said the King.
+"It is impossible that it should be otherwise, Sire," replied the
+aide-decamp.  Louis XVI. was unwilling to expose his family. They
+therefore went to the house of a grocer, Mayor of Varennes.  The King
+began to speak, and gave a summary of his intentions in departing,
+analogous to the declaration he had made at Paris.  He spoke with warmth
+and affability, and endeavoured to demonstrate to the people around him
+that he had only put himself, by the step he had taken, into a fit
+situation to treat with the Assembly, and to sanction with freedom the
+constitution which he would maintain, though many of its articles were
+incompatible with the dignity of the throne, and the force by which it was
+necessary that the sovereign should be surrounded.  Nothing could be more
+affecting, added the Queen, than this moment, in which the King felt bound
+to communicate to the very humblest class of his subjects his principles,
+his wishes for the happiness of his people, and the motives which had
+determined him to depart.
+
+Whilst the King was speaking to this mayor, whose name was Sauce, the
+Queen, seated at the farther end of the shop, among parcels of soap and
+candles, endeavoured to make Madame Sauce understand that if she would
+prevail upon her husband to make use of his municipal authority to cover
+the flight of the King and his family, she would have the glory of having
+contributed to restore tranquillity to France.  This woman was moved; she
+could not, without streaming eyes, see herself thus solicited by her
+Queen; but she could not be got to say anything more than, "Bon Dieu,
+Madame, it would be the destruction of M. Sauce; I love my King, but I
+love my husband too, you must know, and he would be answerable, you see."
+Whilst this strange scene was passing in the shop, the people, hearing
+that the King was arrested, kept pouring in from all parts.  M. de
+Goguelat, making a last effort, demanded of the dragoons whether they
+would protect the departure of the King; they replied only by murmurs,
+dropping the points of their swords.  Some person unknown fired a pistol
+at M. de Goguelat; he was slightly wounded by the ball.  M. Romeuf,
+aide-de-camp to M. de La Fayette, arrived at that moment.  He had been
+chosen, after the 6th of October, 1789, by the commander of the Parisian
+guard to be in constant attendance about the Queen.  She reproached him
+bitterly with the object of his mission.  "If you wish to make your name
+remarkable, monsieur," said the Queen to him, "you have chosen strange and
+odious means, which will produce the most fatal consequences."  This
+officer wished to hasten their departure.  The Queen, still cherishing the
+hope of seeing M. de Bouille arrive with a sufficient force to extricate
+the King from his critical situation, prolonged her stay at Varennes by
+every means in her power.
+
+The Dauphin's first woman pretended to be taken ill with a violent colic,
+and threw herself upon a bed, in the hope of aiding the designs of her
+superiors; she went and implored for assistance.  The Queen understood her
+perfectly well, and refused to leave one who had devoted herself to follow
+them in such a state of suffering.  But no delay in departing was allowed.
+The three Body Guards (Valory, Du Moustier, and Malden) were gagged and
+fastened upon the seat of the carriage.  A horde of National Guards,
+animated with fury and the barbarous joy with which their fatal triumph
+inspired them, surrounded the carriage of the royal family.
+
+The three commissioners sent by the Assembly to meet the King, MM. de
+Latour-Maubourg, Barnave, and Potion, joined them in the environs of
+Epernay.  The two last mentioned got into the King's carriage.  The Queen
+astonished me by the favourable opinion she had formed of Barnave. When I
+quitted Paris a great many persons spoke of him only with horror. She told
+me he was much altered, that he was full of talent and noble feeling.  "A
+feeling of pride which I cannot much blame in a young man belonging to the
+Tiers Etat," she said, "made him applaud everything which smoothed the
+road to rank and fame for that class in which he was born.  And if we get
+the power in our own hands again, Barnave's pardon is already written on
+our hearts."  The Queen added, that she had not the same feeling towards
+those nobles who had joined the revolutionary party, who had always
+received marks of favour, often to the injury of those beneath them in
+rank, and who, born to be the safeguard of the monarchy, could never be
+pardoned for having deserted it.  She then told me that Barnave's conduct
+upon the road was perfectly correct, while Potion's republican rudeness
+was disgusting; that the latter ate and drank in the King's berlin in a
+slovenly manner, throwing the bones of the fowls out through the window at
+the risk of sending them even into the King's face; lifting up his glass,
+when Madame Elisabeth poured him out wine, to show her that there was
+enough, without saying a word; that this offensive behaviour must have
+been intentional, because the man was not without education; and that
+Barnave was hurt at it.  On being pressed by the Queen to take something,
+"Madame," replied Barnave, "on so solemn an occasion the deputies of the
+National Assembly ought to occupy your Majesties solely about their
+mission, and by no means about their wants." In short, his respectful
+delicacy, his considerate attentions, and all that he said, gained the
+esteem not only of the Queen, but of Madame Elisabeth also.
+
+The King began to talk to Petion about the situation of France, and the
+motives of his conduct, which were founded upon the necessity of giving to
+the executive power a strength necessary for its action, for the good even
+of the constitutional act, since France could not be a republic. "Not yet,
+'tis true," replied Petion, "because the French are not ripe enough for
+that."  This audacious and cruel answer silenced the King, who said no
+more until his arrival at Paris.  Potion held the little Dauphin upon his
+knees, and amused himself with curling the beautiful light hair of the
+interesting child round his fingers; and, as he spoke with much
+gesticulation, he pulled his locks hard enough to make the Dauphin cry
+out.  "Give me my son," said the Queen to him; "he is accustomed to
+tenderness and delicacy, which render him little fit for such
+familiarity."
+
+The Chevalier de Dampierre was killed near the King's carriage upon
+leaving Varennes.  A poor village cure, some leagues from the place where
+the crime was committed, was imprudent enough to draw near to speak to the
+King; the cannibals who surrounded the carriage rushed upon him. "Tigers,"
+exclaimed Barnave, "have you ceased to be Frenchmen?  Nation of brave men,
+are you become a set of assassins?"  These words alone saved the cure, who
+was already upon the ground, from certain death.  Barnave, as he spoke to
+them, threw himself almost out of the coach window, and Madame Elisabeth,
+affected by this noble burst of feeling, held him by the skirt of his
+coat.  The Queen, while speaking of this event, said that on the most
+momentous occasions whimsical contrasts always struck her, and that even
+at such a moment the pious Elisabeth holding Barnave by the flap of his
+coat was a ludicrous sight.
+
+The deputy was astonished in another way.  Madame Elisabeth's comments
+upon the state of France, her mild and persuasive eloquence, and the, ease
+and simplicity with which she talked to him, yet without sacrificing her
+dignity in the slightest degree, appeared to him unique, and his heart,
+which was doubtless inclined to right principles though he had followed
+the wrong path, was overcome by admiration.  The conduct of the two
+deputies convinced the Queen of the total separation between the
+republican and constitutional parties.  At the inns where she alighted she
+had some private conversation with Barnave.  The latter said a great deal
+about the errors committed by the royalists during the Revolution, adding
+that he had found the interest of the Court so feebly and so badly
+defended that he had been frequently tempted to go and offer it, in
+himself, an aspiring champion, who knew the spirit of the age and nation.
+The Queen asked him what was the weapon he would have recommended her to
+use.
+
+"Popularity, Madame."
+
+"And how could I use that," replied her Majesty, "of which I have been
+deprived?"
+
+"Ah!  Madame, it was much more easy for you to regain it, than for me to
+acquire it."
+
+The Queen mainly attributed the arrest at Varennes to M. de Goguelat; she
+said he calculated the time that would be spent in the journey
+erroneously.  He performed that from Montmedy to Paris before taking the
+King's last orders, alone in a post-chaise, and he founded all his
+calculations upon the time he spent thus.  The trial has been made since,
+and it was found that a light carriage without any courier was nearly
+three hours less in running the distance than a heavy carriage preceded by
+a courier.
+
+The Queen also blamed him for having quitted the high-road at
+Pont-de-Sommevelle, where the carriage was to meet the forty hussars
+commanded by him.  She thought that he ought to have dispersed the very
+small number of people at Varennes, and not have asked the hussars whether
+they were for the King or the nation; that, particularly, he ought to have
+avoided taking the King's orders, as he was previously aware of the reply
+M. d'Inisdal had received when it was proposed to carry off the King.
+
+After all that the Queen had said to me respecting the mistakes made by M.
+de Goguelat, I thought him of course disgraced.  What was my surprise
+when, having been set at liberty after the amnesty which followed the
+acceptance of the constitution, he presented himself to the Queen, and was
+received with the greatest kindness!  She said he had done what he could,
+and that his zeal ought to form an excuse for all the rest.
+
+[Full details of the preparations for the flight to Varennes will be found
+in "Le Comte de Fersen et La Cour de France," Paris, Didot et Cie, 1878 (a
+review of which was given in the Quarterly Review for July, 1880), and in
+the "Memoirs of the Marquis de Bouille", London, Cadell and Davis, 1797;
+Count Fersen being the person who planned the actual escape, and De
+Bouille being in command of the army which was to receive the King.  The
+plan was excellent, and would certainly have succeeded, if it had not been
+for the royal family themselves.  Marie Antoinette, it will have been seen
+by Madame Campan's account, nearly wrecked the plan from inability to do
+without a large dressing or travelling case.  The King did a more fatal
+thing.  De Bouille had pointed out the necessity for having in the King's
+carriage an officer knowing the route, and able to show himself to give
+all directions, and a proper person had been provided.  The King, however,
+objected, as "he could not have the Marquis d'Agoult in the same carriage
+with himself; the governess of the royal children, who was to accompany
+them, having refused to abandon her privilege of constantly remaining with
+her charge."  See "De Bouille," pp. 307 and 334.  Thus, when Louis was
+recognised at the window of the carriage by Drouet, he was lost by the
+very danger that had been foreseen, and this wretched piece of etiquette
+led to his death.]
+
+When the royal family was brought back from Varennes to the Tuileries, the
+Queen's attendants found the greatest difficulty in making their way to
+her apartments; everything had been arranged so that the wardrobe woman,
+who had acted as spy, should have the service; and she was to be assisted
+in it only by her sister and her sister's daughter.
+
+M. de Gouvion, M. de La Fayette's aide-de-camp, had this woman's portrait
+placed at the foot of the staircase which led to the Queen's apartments,
+in order that the sentinel should not permit any other women to make their
+way in.  As soon as the Queen was informed of this contemptible
+precaution, she told the King of it, who sent to ascertain the fact. His
+Majesty then called for M. de La Fayette, claimed freedom in his
+household, and particularly in that of the Queen, and ordered him to send
+a woman in, whom no one but himself could confide out of the palace. M. de
+La Fayette was obliged to comply.
+
+On the day when the return of the royal family was expected, there were no
+carriages in motion in the streets of Paris.  Five or six of the Queen's
+women, after being refused admittance at all the other gates, went with
+one of my sisters to that of the Feuillans, insisting that the sentinel
+should admit them.  The poissardes attacked them for their boldness in
+resisting the order excluding them.  One of them seized my sister by the
+arm, calling her the slave of the Austrian.  "Hear me," said my sister to
+her, "I have been attached to the Queen ever since I was fifteen years of
+age; she gave me my marriage portion; I served her when she was powerful
+and happy.  She is now unfortunate.  Ought I to abandon her?"--"She is
+right," cried the poissardes; "she ought not to abandon her mistress; let
+us make an entry for them."  They instantly surrounded the sentinel,
+forced the passage, and introduced the Queen's women, accompanying them to
+the terrace of the Feuillans.  One of these furies, whom the slightest
+impulse would have driven to tear my sister to pieces, taking her under
+her protection, gave her advice by which she might reach the palace in
+safety.  "But of all things, my dear friend," said she to her, "pull off
+that green ribbon sash; it is the color of that D'Artois, whom we will
+never forgive."
+
+The measures adopted for guarding the King were rigorous with respect to
+the entrance into the palace, and insulting as to his private apartments.
+The commandants of battalion, stationed in the salon called the grand
+cabinet, and which led to the Queen's bedchamber, were ordered to keep the
+door of it always open, in order that they might have their eyes upon the
+royal family.  The King shut this door one day; the officer of the guard
+opened it, and told him such were his orders, and that he would always
+open it; so that his Majesty in shutting it gave himself useless trouble.
+It remained open even during the night, when the Queen was in bed; and the
+officer placed himself in an armchair between the two doors, with his head
+turned towards her Majesty.  They only obtained permission to have the
+inner door shut when the Queen was rising.  The Queen had the bed of her
+first femme de chambre placed very near her own; this bed, which ran on
+casters, and was furnished with curtains, hid her from the officer's
+sight.
+
+Madame de Jarjaye, my companion, who continued her functions during the
+whole period of my absence, told me that one night the commandant of
+battalion, who slept between the two doors, seeing that she was sleeping
+soundly, and that the Queen was awake, quitted his post and went close to
+her Majesty, to advise her as to the line of conduct she should pursue.
+Although she had the kindness to desire him to speak lower in order that
+he might not disturb Madame de Jarjaye's rest, the latter awoke, and
+nearly died with fright at seeing a man in the uniform of the Parisian
+guard so near the Queen's bed.  Her Majesty comforted her, and told her
+not to rise; that the person she saw was a good Frenchman, who was
+deceived respecting the intentions and situation of his sovereign and
+herself, but whose conversation showed sincere attachment to the King.
+
+There was a sentinel in the corridor which runs behind the apartments in
+question, where there is a staircase, which was at that time an inner one,
+and enabled the King and Queen to communicate freely.  This post, which
+was very onerous, because it was to be kept four and twenty hours, was
+often claimed by Saint Prig, an actor belonging to the Theatre Francais.
+He took it upon himself sometimes to contrive brief interviews between the
+King and Queen in this corridor.  He left them at a distance, and gave
+them warning if he heard the slightest noise.  M. Collot, commandant of
+battalion of the National Guard, who was charged with the military duty of
+the Queen's household, in like manner softened down, so far as he could
+with prudence, all, the revolting orders he received; for instance, one to
+follow the Queen to the very door of her wardrobe was never executed.  An
+officer of the Parisian guard dared to speak insolently of the Queen in
+her own apartment.  M. Collot wished to make a complaint to M. de La
+Fayette against him, and have him dismissed.  The Queen opposed it, and
+condescended to say a few words of explanation and kindness to the man; he
+instantly became one of her most devoted partisans.
+
+The first time I saw her Majesty after the unfortunate catastrophe of the
+Varennes journey, I found her getting out of bed; her features were not
+very much altered; but after the first kind words she uttered to me she
+took off her cap and desired me to observe the effect which grief had
+produced upon her hair.  It had become, in one single night, as white as
+that of a woman of seventy.  Her Majesty showed me a ring she had just had
+mounted for the Princesse de Lamballe; it contained a lock of her whitened
+hair, with the inscription, "Blanched by sorrow."  At the period of the
+acceptance of the constitution the Princess wished to return to France.
+The Queen, who had no expectation that tranquillity would be restored,
+opposed this; but the attachment of Madame de Lamballe to the royal family
+impelled her to come and seek death.
+
+When I returned to Paris most of the harsh precautions were abandoned; the
+doors were not kept open; greater respect was paid to the sovereign; it
+was known that the constitution soon to be completed would be accepted,
+and a better order of things was hoped for.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+
+On my arrival at Paris on the 25th of August I found the state of feeling
+there much more temperate than I had dared to hope.  The conversation
+generally ran upon the acceptance of the constitution, and the fetes which
+would be given in consequence.  The struggle between the Jacobins and the
+constitutionals on the 17th of July, 1791, nevertheless had thrown the
+Queen into great terror for some moments; and the firing of the cannon
+from the Champ de Mars upon a party which called for a trial of the King,
+and the leaders of which were in the very bosom of the Assembly, left the
+most gloomy impressions upon her mind.
+
+The constitutionals, the Queen's connection with whom was not slackened by
+the intervention of the three members already mentioned, had faithfully
+served the royal family during their detention.
+
+"We still hold the wire by which this popular mass is moved," said Barnave
+to M. de J----- one day, at the same time showing him a large volume, in
+which the names of all those who were influenced with the power of gold
+alone were registered.  It was at that time proposed to hire a
+considerable number of persons in order to secure loud acclamations when
+the King and his family should make their appearance at the play upon the
+acceptance of the constitution.  That day, which afforded a glimmering
+hope of tranquillity, was the 14th of September; the fetes were brilliant;
+but already fresh anxieties forbade the royal family to encourage much
+hope.
+
+The Legislative Assembly, which had just succeeded the Constituent
+Assembly (October, 1791), founded its conduct upon the wildest republican
+principles; created from the midst of popular assemblies, it was wholly
+inspired by the spirit which animated them.  The constitution, as I have
+said, was presented to the King on the 3d of September, 1791.  The
+ministers, with the exception of M. de Montmorin, insisted upon the
+necessity of accepting the constitutional act in its entirety.  The Prince
+de Kaunitz--[Minister of Austria]--was of the same opinion. Malouet wished
+the King to express himself candidly respecting any errors or dangers that
+he might observe in the constitution.  But Duport and Barnave, alarmed at
+the spirit prevailing in the Jacobin Club,
+
+[The extreme revolutionary party, so called from the club, originally
+"Breton," then "Amis de la Constitution," sitting at the convent of the
+Dominicans (called in France Jacobins) of the Rue Saint Honore.]
+
+and even in the Assembly, where Robespierre had already denounced them as
+traitors to the country, and dreading still greater evils, added their
+opinions to those of the majority of the ministers and M. de Kaunitz;
+those who really desired that the constitution should be maintained
+advised that it should not be accepted thus literally.  The King seemed
+inclined to this advice; and this is one of the strongest proofs of his
+sincerity.
+
+Alexandre Lameth, Duport, and Barnave, still relying on the resources of
+their party, hoped to have credit for directing the King through the
+influence they believed they had acquired over the mind of the Queen. They
+also consulted people of acknowledged talent, but belonging to no council
+nor to any assembly.  Among these was M. Dubucq, formerly intendant of the
+marine and of the colonies.  He answered laconically in one phrase:
+"Prevent disorder from organising itself."
+
+The letter written by the King to the Assembly, claiming to accept the
+constitution in the very place where it had been created, and where he
+announced he would be on the 14th September at mid-day, was received with
+transport, and the reading was repeatedly interrupted by plaudits.  The
+sitting terminated amidst the greatest enthusiasm, and M. de La Fayette
+obtained the release of all those who were detained on account of the
+King's journey [to Varennes], the abandonment of all proceedings relative
+to the events of the Revolution, and the discontinuance of the use of
+passports and of temporary restraints upon free travelling, as well in the
+interior as without.  The whole was conceded by acclamation.  Sixty
+members were deputed to go to the King and express to him fully the
+satisfaction his Majesty's letter had given.  The Keeper of the Seals
+quitted the chamber, in the midst of applause, to precede the deputation
+to the King.
+
+The King answered the speech addressed to him, and concluded by saying to
+the Assembly that a decree of that morning, which had abolished the order
+of the Holy Ghost, had left him and his son alone permission to be
+decorated with it; but that an order having no value in his eyes, save for
+the power of conferring it, he would not use it.
+
+The Queen, her son, and Madame, were at the door of the chamber into which
+the deputation was admitted.  The King said to the deputies, "You see
+there my wife and children, who participate in my sentiments;" and the
+Queen herself confirmed the King's assurance.  These apparent marks of
+confidence were very inconsistent with the agitated state of her mind.
+"These people want no sovereigns," said she.  "We shall fall before their
+treacherous though well-planned tactics; they are demolishing the monarchy
+stone by stone."
+
+Next day the particulars of the reception of the deputies by the King were
+reported to the Assembly, and excited warm approbation.  But the President
+having put the question whether the Assembly ought not to remain seated
+while the King took the oath "Certainly," was repeated by many voices;
+"and the King, standing, uncovered."  M. Malouet observed that there was
+no occasion on which the nation, assembled in the presence of the King,
+did not acknowledge him as its head; that the omission to treat the head
+of the State with the respect due to him would be an offence to the
+nation, as well as to the monarch.  He moved that the King should take the
+oath standing, and that the Assembly should also stand while he was doing
+so.  M. Malouet's observations would have carried the decree, but a deputy
+from Brittany exclaimed, with a shrill voice, that he had an amendment to
+propose which would render all unanimous.  "Let us decree," said he, "that
+M. Malouet, and whoever else shall so please, may have leave to receive
+the King upon their knees; but let us stick to the decree."
+
+The King repaired to the chamber at mid-day.  His speech was followed by
+plaudits which lasted several minutes.  After the signing of the
+constitutional act all sat down.  The President rose to deliver his
+speech; but after he had begun, perceiving that the King did not rise to
+hear him, he sat down again.  His speech made a powerful impression; the
+sentence with which it concluded excited fresh acclamations, cries of
+"Bravo!" and "Vive le Roi!"--"Sire," said he, "how important in our eyes,
+and how dear to our hearts--how sublime a feature in our history--must be
+the epoch of that regeneration which gives citizens to France, and a
+country to Frenchmen,--to you, as a king, a new title of greatness and
+glory, and, as a man, a source of new enjoyment."  The whole Assembly
+accompanied the King on his return, amidst the people's cries of
+happiness, military music, and salvoes of artillery.
+
+At length I hoped to see a return of that tranquillity which had so long
+vanished from the countenances of my august master and mistress.  Their
+suite left them in the salon; the Queen hastily saluted the ladies, and
+returned much affected; the King followed her, and, throwing himself into
+an armchair, put his handkerchief to his eyes.  "Ah! Madame," cried he,
+his voice choked by tears, "why were you present at this sitting?  to
+witness--" these words were interrupted by sobs.  The Queen threw herself
+upon her knees before him, and pressed him in her arms.  I remained with
+them, not from any blamable curiosity, but from a stupefaction which
+rendered me incapable of determining what I ought to do.  The Queen said
+to me, "Oh! go, go!" with an accent which expressed, "Do not remain to see
+the dejection and despair of your sovereign!"  I withdrew, struck with the
+contrast between the shouts of joy without the palace and the profound
+grief which oppressed the sovereigns within.  Half an hour afterwards the
+Queen sent for me.  She desired to see M. de Goguelat, to announce to him
+his departure on that very night for Vienna.  The renewed attacks upon the
+dignity of the throne which had been made during the sitting; the spirit
+of an Assembly worse than the former; the monarch put upon a level with
+the President, without any deference to the throne,--all this proclaimed
+but too loudly that the sovereignty itself was aimed at.  The Queen no
+longer saw any ground for hope from the Provinces. The King wrote to the
+Emperor; she told me that she would herself, at midnight, bring the letter
+which M. de Goguelat was to bear to the Emperor, to my room.
+
+During all the remainder of the day the Chateau and the Tuileries were
+crowded; the illuminations were magnificent.  The King and Queen were
+requested to take an airing in their carriage in the Champs-Elysees,
+escorted by the aides-decamp, and leaders of the Parisian army, the
+Constitutional Guard not being at the time organised.  Many shouts of
+"Vive le Roi!"  were heard; but as often as they ceased, one of the mob,
+who never quitted the door of the King's carriage for a single instant,
+exclaimed with a stentorian voice, "No, don't believe them!  Vive la
+Nation!"  This ill-omened cry struck terror into the Queen.
+
+A few days afterwards M. de Montmorin sent to say he wanted to speak to
+me; that he would come to me, if he were not apprehensive his doing so
+would attract observation; and that he thought it would appear less
+conspicuous if he should see me in the Queen's great closet at a time
+which he specified, and when nobody would be there.  I went.  After having
+made some polite observations upon the services I had already performed,
+and those I might yet perform, for my master and mistress, he spoke to me
+of the King's imminent danger, of the plots which were hatching, and of
+the lamentable composition of the Legislative Assembly; and he
+particularly dwelt upon the necessity of appearing, by prudent remarks,
+determined as much as possible to abide by the act the King had just
+recognised.  I told him that could not be done without committing
+ourselves in the eyes of the royalist party, with which moderation was a
+crime; that it was painful to hear ourselves taxed with being
+constitutionalists, at the same time that it was our opinion that the only
+constitution which was consistent with the King's honour, and the
+happiness and tranquillity of his people, was the absolute power of the
+sovereign; that this was my creed, and it would pain me to give any room
+for suspicion that I was wavering in it.
+
+"Could you ever believe," said he, "that I should desire any other order
+of things?  Have you any doubt of my attachment to the King's person, and
+the maintenance of his rights?"
+
+"I know it, Count," replied I; "but you are not ignorant that you lie
+under the imputation of having adopted revolutionary ideas."
+
+"Well, madame, have resolution enough to dissemble and to conceal your
+real sentiments; dissimulation was never more necessary.  Endeavours are
+being made to paralyse the evil intentions of the factious as much as
+possible; but we must not be counteracted here by certain dangerous
+expressions which are circulated in Paris as coming from the King and
+Queen."
+
+I told him that I had been already struck with apprehension of the evil
+which might be done by the intemperate observations of persons who had no
+power to act; and that I had felt ill consequences from having repeatedly
+enjoined silence on those in the Queen's service.
+
+"I know that," said the Count; "the Queen informed me of it, and that
+determined me to come and request you to increase and keep alive, as much
+as you can, that spirit of discretion which is so necessary."
+
+While the household of the King and Queen were a prey to all these fears,
+the festivities in celebration of the acceptance of the constitution
+proceeded.  Their Majesties went to the Opera; the audience consisted
+entirely of persons who sided with the King, and on that day the happiness
+of seeing him for a short time surrounded by faithful subjects might be
+enjoyed.  The acclamations were then sincere.
+
+"La Coquette Corrigee" had been selected for representation at the Theatre
+Francais solely because it was the piece in which Mademoiselle Contat
+shone most.  Yet the notions propagated by the Queen's enemies coinciding
+in my mind with the name of the play, I thought the choice very
+ill-judged.  I was at a loss, however, how to tell her Majesty so; but
+sincere attachment gives courage.  I explained myself; she was obliged to
+me, and desired that another play might be performed.  They accordingly
+selected "La Gouvernante," almost equally unfortunate in title.
+
+The Queen, Madame the King's daughter, and Madame Elisabeth were all well
+received on this occasion.  It is true that the opinions and feelings of
+the spectators in the boxes could not be otherwise than favourable, and
+great pains had been taken, previously to these two performances, to fill
+the pit with proper persons.  But, on the other hand, the Jacobins took
+the same precautions on their side at the Theatre Italien, and the tumult
+was excessive there.  The play was Gretry's "Les Evenements Imprevus."
+Unfortunately, Madame Dugazon thought proper to bow to the Queen as she
+sang the words, "Ah, how I love my mistress!" in a duet.  Above twenty
+voices immediately exclaimed from the pit, "No mistress!  no master!
+liberty!"  A few replied from the boxes and slips, "Vive le Roi!  vive la
+Reine!"  Those in the pit answered, "No master! no Queen!" The quarrel
+increased; the pit formed into parties; they began fighting, and the
+Jacobins were beaten; tufts of their black hair flew about the
+theatre.--[At this time none but the Jacobins had discontinued the use of
+hairpowder.--MADAME CAMPAN.]--A military guard arrived.  The Faubourg St.
+Antoine, hearing of what was going on at the Theatre Italien, flocked
+together, and began to talk of marching towards the scene of action.  The
+Queen preserved the calmest demeanour; the commandants of the guard
+surrounded and encouraged her; they conducted themselves promptly and
+discreetly.  No accident happened.  The Queen was highly applauded as she
+quitted the theatre; it was the last time she was ever in one!
+
+While couriers were bearing confidential letters from the King to the
+Princes, his brothers, and to the foreign sovereigns, the Assembly invited
+him to write to the Princes in order to induce them to return to France.
+The King desired the Abbe de Montesquiou to write the letter he was to
+send; this letter, which was admirably composed in a simple and affecting
+style, suited to the character of Louis XVI., and filled with very
+powerful arguments in favour of the advantages to be derived from adopting
+the principles of the constitution, was confided to me by the King, who
+desired me to make him a copy of it.
+
+At this period M. M-----, one of the intendants of Monsieur's household,
+obtained a passport from the Assembly to join that Prince on business
+relative to his domestic concerns.  The Queen selected him to be the
+bearer of this letter.  She determined to give it to him herself, and to
+inform him of its object.  I was astonished at her choice of this courier.
+The Queen assured me he was exactly the man for her purpose, that she
+relied even upon his indiscretion, and that it was merely necessary that
+the letter from the King to his brothers should be known to exist.  The
+Princes were doubtless informed beforehand on the subject by the private
+correspondence.  Monsieur nevertheless manifested some degree of surprise,
+and the messenger returned more grieved than pleased at this mark of
+confidence, which nearly cost him his life during the Reign of Terror.
+
+Among the causes of uneasiness to the Queen there was one which was but
+too well founded, the thoughtlessness of the French whom she sent to
+foreign Courts.  She used to say that they had no sooner passed the
+frontiers than they disclosed the most secret matters relative to the
+King's private sentiments, and that the leaders of the Revolution were
+informed of them through their agents, many of whom were Frenchmen who
+passed themselves off as emigrants in the cause of their King.
+
+After the acceptance of the constitution, the formation of the King's
+household, as well military as civil, formed a subject of attention. The
+Duc de Brissac had the command of the Constitutional Guard, which was
+composed of officers and men selected from the regiments, and of several
+officers drawn from the National Guard of Paris.  The King was satisfied
+with the feelings and conduct of this band, which, as is well known,
+existed but a very short time.
+
+The new constitution abolished what were called honours, and the
+prerogatives belonging to them.  The Duchesse de Duras resigned her place
+of lady of the bedchamber, not choosing to lose her right to the tabouret
+at Court.  This step hurt the Queen, who saw herself forsaken through the
+loss of a petty privilege at a time when her own rights and even life were
+so hotly attacked.  Many ladies of rank left the Court for the same
+reason.  However, the King and Queen did not dare to form the civil part
+of their household, lest by giving the new names of the posts they should
+acknowledge the abolition of the old ones, and also lest they should admit
+into the highest positions persons not calculated to fill them well.  Some
+time was spent in discussing the question, whether the household should be
+formed without chevaliers and without ladies of honour.  The Queen's
+constitutional advisers were of opinion that the Assembly, having decreed
+a civil list adequate to uphold the splendour of the throne, would be
+dissatisfied at seeing the King adopting only a military household, and
+not forming his civil household upon the new constitutional plan.  "How is
+it, Madame," wrote Barnave to the Queen, "that you will persist in giving
+these people even the smallest doubt as to your sentiments?  When they
+decree you a civil and a military household, you, like young Achilles
+among the daughters of Lycomedes, eagerly seize the sword and scorn the
+mere ornaments."  The Queen persisted in her determination to have no
+civil household.  "If," said she, "this constitutional household be
+formed, not a single person of rank will remain with us, and upon a change
+of affairs we should be obliged to discharge the persons received into
+their place."
+
+"Perhaps," added she, "perhaps I might find one day that I had saved the
+nobility, if I now had resolution enough to afflict them for a time; I
+have it not.  When any measure which injures them is wrested from us they
+sulk with me; nobody comes to my card party; the King goes unattended to
+bed.  No allowance is made for political necessity; we are punished for
+our very misfortunes."
+
+The Queen wrote almost all day, and spent part of the night in reading:
+her courage supported her physical strength; her disposition was not at
+all soured by misfortunes, and she was never seen in an ill-humour for a
+moment.  She was, however, held up to the people as a woman absolutely
+furious and mad whenever the rights of the Crown were in any way attacked.
+
+I was with her one day at one of her windows.  We saw a man plainly
+dressed, like an ecclesiastic, surrounded by an immense crowd.  The Queen
+imagined it was some abbe whom they were about to throw into the basin of
+the Tuileries; she hastily opened her window and sent a valet de chambre
+to know what was going forward in the garden.  It was Abbe Gregoire, whom
+the men and women of the tribunes were bringing back in triumph, on
+account of a motion he had just made in the National Assembly against the
+royal authority.  On the following day the democratic journalists
+described the Queen as witnessing this triumph, and showing, by expressive
+gestures at her window, how highly she was exasperated by the honours
+conferred upon the patriot.
+
+The correspondence between the Queen and the foreign powers was carried on
+in cipher.  That to which she gave the preference can never be detected;
+but the greatest patience is requisite for its use.  Each correspondent
+must have a copy of the same edition of some work.  She selected "Paul and
+Virginia."  The page and line in which the letters required, and
+occasionally a monosyllable, are to be found are pointed out in ciphers
+agreed upon.  I assisted her in finding the letters, and frequently I made
+an exact copy for her of all that she had ciphered, without knowing a
+single word of its meaning.
+
+There were always several secret committees in Paris occupied in
+collecting information for the King respecting the measures of the
+factions, and in influencing some of the committees of the Assembly. M.
+Bertrand de Molleville was in close correspondence with the Queen. The
+King employed M. Talon and others; much money was expended through the
+latter channel for the secret measures.  The Queen had no confidence in
+them.  M. de Laporte, minister of the civil list and of the household,
+also attempted to give a bias to public opinion by means of hireling
+publications; but these papers influenced none but the royalist party,
+which did not need influencing.  M. de Laporte had a private police which
+gave him some useful information.
+
+I determined to sacrifice myself to my duty, but by no means to any
+intrigue, and I thought that, circumstanced as I was, I ought to confine
+myself to obeying the Queen's orders.  I frequently sent off couriers to
+foreign countries, and they were never discovered, so many precautions did
+I take.  I am indebted for the preservation of my own existence to the
+care I took never to admit any deputy to my abode, and to refuse all
+interviews which even people of the highest importance often requested of
+me; but this line of conduct exposed me to every species of ill-will, and
+on the same day I saw myself denounced by Prud'homme, in his 'Gazette
+Revolutionnaire', as capable of making an aristocrat of the mother of the
+Gracchi, if a person so dangerous as myself could have got into her
+household; and by Gauthier's Gazette Royaliste, as a monarchist, a
+constitutionalist, more dangerous to the Queen's interests than a Jacobin.
+
+At this period an event with which I had nothing to do placed me in a
+still more critical situation.  My brother, M. Genet, began his diplomatic
+career successfully.  At eighteen he was attached to the embassy to
+Vienna; at twenty he was appointed chief secretary of Legation in England,
+on occasion of the peace of 1783.  A memorial which he presented to M. de
+Vergennes upon the dangers of the treaty of commerce then entered into
+with England gave offence to M. de Calonne, a patron of that treaty, and
+particularly to M. Gerard de Rayneval, chief clerk for foreign affairs.
+So long as M. de Vergennes lived, having upon my father's death declared
+himself the protector of my brother, he supported him against the enemies
+his views had created.  But on his death M. de Montmorin, being much in
+need of the long experience in business which he found in M. de Rayneval,
+was guided solely by the latter.  The office of which my brother was the
+head was suppressed.  He then went to St. Petersburg, strongly recommended
+to the Comte de Segur, minister from France to that Court, who appointed
+him secretary of Legation.  Some time afterwards the Comte de Segur left
+him at St. Petersburg, charged with the affairs of France.  After his
+return from Russia, M. Genet was appointed ambassador to the United States
+by the party called Girondists, the deputies who headed it being from the
+department of the Gironde.  He was recalled by the Robespierre party,
+which overthrew the former faction, on the 31st of May, 1793, and
+condemned to appear before the Convention.  Vice-President Clinton, at
+that time Governor of New York, offered him an asylum in his house and the
+hand of his daughter, and M. Genet established himself prosperously in
+America.
+
+When my brother quitted Versailles he was much hurt at being deprived of a
+considerable income for having penned a memorial which his zeal alone had
+dictated, and the importance of which was afterwards but too well
+understood.  I perceived from his correspondence that he inclined to some
+of the new notions.  He told me it was right he should no longer conceal
+from me that he sided with the constitutional party; that the King had in
+fact commanded it, having himself accepted the constitution; that he would
+proceed firmly in that course, because in this case disingenuousness would
+be fatal, and that he took that side of the question because he had had it
+proved to him that the foreign powers would not serve the King's cause
+without advancing pretensions prompted by long-standing interests, which
+always would influence their councils; that he saw no salvation for the
+King and Queen but from within France, and that he would serve the
+constitutional King as he served him before the Revolution.  And lastly,
+he requested me to impart to the Queen the real sentiments of one of his
+Majesty's agents at a foreign Court.  I immediately went to the Queen and
+gave her my brother's letter; she read it attentively, and said, "This is
+the letter of a young man led astray by discontent and ambition; I know
+you do not think as he does; do not fear that you will lose the confidence
+of the King and myself."  I offered to discontinue all correspondence with
+my brother; she opposed that, saying it would be dangerous.  I then
+entreated she would permit me in future to show her my own and my
+brother's letters, to which she consented.  I wrote warmly to my brother
+against the course he had adopted.  I sent my letters by sure channels; he
+answered me by the post, and no longer touched upon anything but family
+affairs.  Once only he informed me that if I should write to him
+respecting the affairs of the day he would give me no answer.  "Serve your
+august mistress with the unbounded devotion which is due from you," said
+he, "and let us each do our duty.  I will only observe to you that at
+Paris the fogs of the Seine often prevent people from seeing that immense
+capital, even from the Pavilion of Flora, and I see it more clearly from
+St. Petersburg." The Queen said, as she read this letter, "Perhaps he
+speaks but too truly; who can decide upon so disastrous a position as ours
+has become?" The day on which I gave the Queen my brother's first letter
+to read she had several audiences to give to ladies and other persons
+belonging to the Court, who came on purpose to inform her that my brother
+was an avowed constitutionalist and revolutionist.  The Queen replied, "I
+know it; Madame Campan has told me so."  Persons jealous of my situation
+having subjected me to mortifications, and these unpleasant circumstances
+recurring daily, I requested the Queen's permission to withdraw from
+Court.  She exclaimed against the very idea, represented it to me as
+extremely dangerous for my own reputation, and had the kindness to add
+that, for my sake as well as for her own, she never would consent to it.
+After this conversation I retired to my apartment.  A few minutes later a
+footman brought me this note from the Queen: "I have never ceased to give
+you and yours proofs of my attachment; I wish to tell you in writing that
+I have full faith in your honour and fidelity, as well as in your other
+good qualities; and that I ever rely on the zeal and address you exert to
+serve me."
+
+[I had just received this letter from the Queen when M. de la Chapelle,
+commissary-general of the King's household, and head of the offices of M.
+de Laporte, minister of the civil list, came to see me.  The palace having
+been already sacked by the brigands on the 20th of June, 1792, he proposed
+that I should entrust the paper to him, that he might place it in a safer
+situation than the apartments of the Queen.  When he returned into his
+offices he placed the letter she had condescended to write to me behind a
+large picture in his closet; but on the loth of August M. de la Chapelle
+was thrown into the prisons of the Abbaye, and the committee of public
+safety established themselves in his offices, whence they issued all their
+decrees of death.  There it was that a villainous servant belonging to M.
+de Laporte went to declare that in the minister's apartments, under a
+board in the floor, a number of papers would be found.  They were brought
+forth, and M. de Laporte was sent to the scaffold, where he suffered for
+having betrayed the State by serving his master and sovereign.  M. de la
+Chapelle was saved, as if by a miracle, from the massacres of the 2d of
+September.  The committee of public safety having removed to the King's
+apartments at the Tuileries, M. de la Chapelle had permission to return to
+his closet to take away some property belonging to him. Turning round the
+picture, behind which he had hidden the Queen's letter, he found it in the
+place into which he had slipped it, and, delighted to see that I was safe
+from the ill consequences the discovery of this paper might have brought
+upon me, he burnt it instantly.  In times of danger a mere nothing may
+save life or destroy it.--MADAME CAMPAN]
+
+At the moment that I was going to express my gratitude to the Queen I
+heard a tapping at the door of my room, which opened upon the Queen's
+inner corridor.  I opened it; it was the King.  I was confused; he
+perceived it, and said to me, kindly: "I alarm you, Madame Campan; I come,
+however, to comfort you; the Queen has told me how much she is hurt at the
+injustice of several persons towards you.  But how is it that you complain
+of injustice and calumny when you see that we are victims of them?  In
+some of your companions it is jealousy; in the people belonging to the
+Court it is anxiety.  Our situation is so disastrous, and we have met with
+so much ingratitude and treachery, that the apprehensions of those who
+love us are excusable!  I could quiet them by telling them all the secret
+services you perform for us daily; but I will not do it.  Out of good-will
+to you they would repeat all I should say, and you would be lost with the
+Assembly.  It is much better, both for you and for us, that you should be
+thought a constitutionalist.  It has been mentioned to me a hundred times
+already; I have never contradicted it; but I come to give you my word that
+if we are fortunate enough to see an end of all this, I will, at the
+Queen's residence, and in the presence of my brothers, relate the
+important services you have rendered us, and I will recompense you and
+your son for them."  I threw myself at the King's feet and kissed his
+hand.  He raised me up, saying, "Come, come, do not grieve; the Queen, who
+loves you, confides in you as I do."
+
+Down to the day of the acceptance it was impossible to introduce Barnave
+into the interior of the palace; but when the Queen was free from the
+inner guard she said she would see him.  The very great precautions which
+it was necessary for the deputy to take in order to conceal his connection
+with the King and Queen compelled them to spend two hours waiting for him
+in one of the corridors of the Tuileries, and all in vain.  The first day
+that he was to be admitted, a man whom Barnave knew to be dangerous having
+met him in the courtyard of the palace, he determined to cross it without
+stopping, and walked in the gardens in order to lull suspicion.  I was
+desired to wait for Barnave at a little door belonging to the entresols of
+the palace, with my hand upon the open lock.  I was in that position for
+an hour.  The King came to me frequently, and always to speak to me of the
+uneasiness which a servant belonging to the Chateau, who was a patriot,
+gave him.  He came again to ask me whether I had heard the door called de
+Decret opened.  I assured him nobody had been in the corridor, and he
+became easy.  He was dreadfully apprehensive that his connection with
+Barnave would be discovered.  "It would," said the King, "be a ground for
+grave accusations, and the unfortunate man would be lost."  I then
+ventured to remind his Majesty that as Barnave was not the only one in the
+secret of the business which brought him in contact with their Majesties,
+one of his colleagues might be induced to speak of the association with
+which they were honoured, and that in letting them know by my presence
+that I also was informed of it, a risk was incurred of removing from those
+gentlemen part of the responsibility of the secret.  Upon this observation
+the King quitted me hastily and returned a moment afterwards with the
+Queen.  "Give me your place," said she; "I will wait for him in my turn.
+You have convinced the King.  We must not increase in their eyes the
+number of persons informed of their communications with us."
+
+The police of M. de Laporte, intendant of the civil list, apprised him, as
+early as the latter end of 1791, that a man belonging to the King's
+offices who had set up as a pastrycook at the Palais Royal was about to
+resume the duties of his situation, which had devolved upon him again on
+the death of one who held it for life; that he was so furious a Jacobin
+that he had dared to say it would be a good thing for France if the King's
+days were shortened.  His duty was confined to making the pastry; he was
+closely watched by the head officers of the kitchen, who were devoted to
+his Majesty; but it is so easy to introduce a subtle poison into made
+dishes that it was determined the King and Queen should eat only plain
+roast meat in future; that their bread should be brought to them by M.
+Thierry de Ville-d'Avray, intendant of the smaller apartments, and that he
+should likewise take upon himself to supply the wine.  The King was fond
+of pastry; I was directed to order some, as if for myself, sometimes of
+one pastry-cook, and sometimes of another.  The pounded sugar, too, was
+kept in my room.  The King, the Queen, and Madame Elisabeth ate together,
+and nobody remained to wait on them.  Each had a dumb waiter and a little
+bell to call the servants when they were wanted. M. Thierry used himself
+to bring me their Majesties' bread and wine, and I locked them up in a
+private cupboard in the King's closet on the ground floor.  As soon as the
+King sat down to table I took in the pastry and bread.  All was hidden
+under the table lest it might be necessary to have the servants in.  The
+King thought it dangerous as well as distressing to show any apprehension
+of attempts against his person, or any mistrust of his officers of the
+kitchen.  As he never drank a whole bottle of wine at his meals (the
+Princesses drank nothing but water), he filled up that out of which he had
+drunk about half from the bottle served up by the officers of his butlery.
+I took it away after dinner.  Although he never ate any other pastry than
+that which I brought, he took care in the same manner that it should seem
+that he had eaten of that served at table. The lady who succeeded me found
+this duty all regulated, and she executed it in the same manner; the
+public never was in possession of these particulars, nor of the
+apprehensions which gave rise to them.  At the end of three or four months
+the police of M. de Laporte gave notice that nothing more was to be
+dreaded from that sort of plot against the King's life; that the plan was
+entirely changed; and that all the blows now to be struck would be
+directed as much against the throne as against the person of the
+sovereign.
+
+There are others besides myself who know that at this time one of the
+things about which the Queen most desired to be satisfied was the opinion
+of the famous Pitt.  She would sometimes say to me, "I never pronounce the
+name of Pitt without feeling a chill like that of death."  (I repeat here
+her very expressions.) "That man is the mortal enemy of France; and he
+takes a dreadful revenge for the impolitic support given by the Cabinet of
+Versailles to the American insurgents.  He wishes by our destruction to
+guarantee the maritime power of his country forever against the efforts
+made by the King to improve his marine power and their happy results
+during the last war.  He knows that it is not only the King's policy but
+his private inclination to be solicitous about his fleets, and that the
+most active step he has taken during his whole reign was to visit the port
+of Cherbourg.  Pitt had served the cause of the French Revolution from the
+first disturbances; he will perhaps serve it until its annihilation.  I
+will endeavour to learn to what point he intends to lead us, and I am
+sending M.----- to London for that purpose. He has been intimately
+connected with Pitt, and they have often had political conversations
+respecting the French Government.  I will get him to make him speak out,
+at least so far as such a man can speak out." Some time afterwards the
+Queen told me that her secret envoy was returned from London, and that all
+he had been able to wring from Pitt, whom he found alarmingly reserved,
+was that he would not suffer the French monarchy to perish; that to suffer
+the revolutionary spirit to erect an organised republic in France would be
+a great error, affecting the tranquillity of Europe.  "Whenever," said
+she, "Pitt expressed himself upon the necessity of supporting monarchy in
+France, he maintained the most profound silence upon what concerns the
+monarch.  The result of these conversations is anything but encouraging;
+but, even as to that monarchy which he wishes to save, will he have means
+and strength to save it if he suffers us to fall?"
+
+The death of the Emperor Leopold took place on the 1st of March, 1792.
+When the news of this event reached the Tuileries, the Queen was gone out.
+Upon her return I put the letter containing it into her hands.  She
+exclaimed that the Emperor had been poisoned; that she had remarked and
+preserved a newspaper, in which, in an article upon the sitting of the
+Jacobins, at the time when the Emperor Leopold declared for the coalition,
+it was said, speaking of him, that a pie-crust would settle that matter.
+At this period Barnave obtained the Queen's consent that he should read
+all the letters she should write.  He was fearful of private
+correspondences that might hamper the plan marked out for her; he
+mistrusted her Majesty's sincerity on this point; and the diversity of
+counsels, and the necessity of yielding, on the one hand, to some of the
+views of the constitutionalists, and on the other, to those of the French
+Princes, and even of foreign Courts, were unfortunately the circumstances
+which most rapidly impelled the Court towards its ruin.
+
+However, the emigrants showed great apprehensions of the consequences
+which might follow in the interior from a connection with the
+constitutionalists, whom they described as a party existing only in idea,
+and totally without means of repairing their errors.  The Jacobins were
+preferred to them, because, said they, there would be no treaty to be made
+with any one at the moment of extricating the King and his family from the
+abyss in which they were plunged.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+
+In the beginning of the year 1792, a worthy priest requested a private
+interview with me.  He had learned the existence of a new libel by Madame
+de Lamotte.  He told me that the people who came from London to get it
+printed in Paris only desired gain, and that they were ready to deliver
+the manuscript to him for a thousand louis, if he could find any friend of
+the Queen disposed to make that sacrifice for her peace; that he had
+thought of me, and if her Majesty would give him the twenty-four thousand
+francs, he would hand the manuscript to me.
+
+I communicated this proposal to the Queen, who rejected it, and desired me
+to answer that at the time when she had power to punish the hawkers of
+these libels she deemed them so atrocious and incredible that she despised
+them too much to stop them; that if she were imprudent and weak enough to
+buy a single one of them, the Jacobins might possibly discover the
+circumstance through their espionage; that were this libel brought up, it
+would be printed nevertheless, and would be much more dangerous when they
+apprised the public of the means she had used to suppress it.
+
+Baron d'Aubier, gentleman-in-ordinary to the King, and my particular
+friend, had a good memory and a clear way of communicating the substance
+of the debates and decrees of the National Assembly.  I went daily to the
+Queen's apartments to repeat all this to the King, who used to say, on
+seeing me, "Ah! here's the Postillon par Calais,"--a newspaper of the
+time.
+
+M. d'Aubier one day said to me: "The Assembly has been much occupied with
+an information laid by the workmen of the Sevres manufactory.  They
+brought to the President's office a bundle of pamphlets which they said
+were the life of Marie Antoinette.  The director of the manufactory was
+ordered up to the bar, and declared he had received orders to burn the
+printed sheets in question in the furnaces used for baking his china."
+
+While I was relating this business to the Queen the King coloured and held
+his head down over his plate.  The Queen said to him, "Do you know
+anything about this, Sire?"  The King made no answer.  Madame Elisabeth
+requested him to explain what it meant.  Louis was still silent.  I
+withdrew hastily.  A few minutes afterwards the Queen came to my room and
+informed me that the King, out of regard for her, had purchased the whole
+edition struck off from the manuscript which I had mentioned to her, and
+that M. de Laporte had not been able to devise any more secret way of
+destroying the work than that of having it burnt at Sevres, among two
+hundred workmen, one hundred and eighty of whom must, in all probability,
+be Jacobins!  She told me she had concealed her vexation from the King;
+that he was in consternation, and that she could say nothing, since his
+good intentions and his affection for her had been the cause of the
+mistake.
+
+[M. de Laporte had by order of the King bought up the whole edition of the
+"Memoirs" of the notorious Madame de Lamotte against the Queen.  Instead
+of destroying them immediately, he shut them up in one of the closets in
+his house, The alarming and rapid growth of the rebellion, the arrogance
+of the crowd of brigands, who in great measure composed the populace of
+Paris, and the fresh excesses daily resulting from it, rendered the
+intendant of the civil list apprehensive that some mob might break into
+his house, carry off these "Memoirs," and spread them among the public.
+In order to prevent this he gave orders to have the "Memoirs" burnt with
+every necessary precaution; and the clerk who received the order entrusted
+the execution of it to a man named Riston, a dangerous Intriguer, formerly
+an advocate of Nancy, who had a twelve-month before escaped the gallows by
+favour of the new principles and the patriotism of the new tribunals,
+although convicted of forging the great seal, and fabricating decrees of
+the council.  This Riston, finding himself entrusted with a commission
+which concerned her Majesty, and the mystery attending which bespoke
+something of importance, was less anxious to execute it faithfully than to
+make a parade of this mark of confidence.  On the 30th of May, at ten in
+the morning, he had the sheets carried to the porcelain manufactory at
+Sevres, in a cart which he himself accompanied, and made a large fire of
+them before all the workmen, who were expressly forbidden to approach it.
+All these precautions, and the suspicions to which they gave rise, under
+such critical circumstances, gave so much publicity to this affair that it
+was denounced to the Assembly that very night.  Brissot, and the whole
+Jacobin party, with equal effrontery and vehemence, insisted that the
+papers thus secretly burnt could be no other than the registers and
+documents of the correspondence of the Austrian committee.  M. de Laporte
+was ordered to the bar, and there gave the most precise account of the
+circumstances.  Riston was also called up, and confirmed M. de Laporte's
+deposition.  But these explanations, however satisfactory, did not calm
+the violent ferment raised in the Assembly by this affair.--"Memoirs of
+Bertrand de Molleville."]
+
+Some time afterwards the Assembly received a denunciation against M. de
+Montmorin.  The ex-minister was accused of having neglected forty
+despatches from M. Genet, the charge d'affaires from France in Russia, not
+having even unsealed them, because M. Genet acted on constitutional
+principles.  M. de Montmorin appeared at the bar to answer this
+accusation.  Whatever distress I might feel in obeying the order I had
+received from the King to go and give him an account of the sitting, I
+thought I ought not to fail in doing so.  But instead of giving my brother
+his family name, I merely said "your Majesty's charge d'affaires at St.
+Petersburg."
+
+The King did me the favour to say that he noticed a reserve in my account,
+of which he approved.  The Queen condescended to add a few obliging
+remarks to those of the King.  However, my office of journalist gave me in
+this instance so much pain that I took an opportunity, when the King was
+expressing his satisfaction to me at the manner in which I gave him this
+daily account, to tell him that its merits belonged wholly to M. d'Aubier;
+and I ventured to request the King to suffer that excellent man to give
+him an account of the sittings himself.  I assured the King that if he
+would permit it, that gentleman might proceed to the Queen's apartments
+through mine unseen; the King consented to the arrangement.  Thenceforward
+M. d'Aubier gave the King repeated proofs of zeal and attachment.
+
+The Cure of St. Eustache ceased to be the Queen's confessor when he took
+the constitutional oath.  I do not remember the name of the ecclesiastic
+who succeeded him; I only know that he was conducted into her apartments
+with the greatest mystery.  Their Majesties did not perform their Easter
+devotions in public, because they could neither declare for the
+constitutional clergy, nor act so as to show that they were against them.
+
+The Queen did perform her Easter devotions in 1792; but she went to the
+chapel attended only by myself.  She desired me beforehand to request one
+of my relations, who was her chaplain, to celebrate a mass for her at five
+o'clock in the morning.  It was still dark; she gave me her arm, and I
+lighted her with a taper.  I left her alone at the chapel door. She did
+not return to her room until the dawn of day.
+
+Dangers increased daily.  The Assembly were strengthened in the eyes of
+the people by the hostilities of the foreign armies and the army of the
+Princes.  The communication with the latter party became more active; the
+Queen wrote almost every day.  M. de Goguelat possessed her confidence for
+all correspondence with the foreign parties, and I was obliged to have him
+in my apartments; the Queen asked for him very frequently, and at times
+which she could not previously appoint.
+
+All parties were exerting themselves either to ruin or to save the King.
+One day I found the Queen extremely agitated; she told me she no longer
+knew where she was; that the leaders of the Jacobins offered themselves to
+her through the medium of Dumouriez; or that Dumouriez, abandoning the
+Jacobins, had come and offered himself to her; that she had granted him an
+audience; that when alone with her, he had thrown himself at her feet, and
+told her that he had drawn the 'bonnet rouge' over his head to the very
+ears; but that he neither was nor could be a Jacobin; that the Revolution
+had been suffered to extend even to that rabble of destroyers who,
+thinking of nothing but pillage, were ripe for anything, and might furnish
+the Assembly with a formidable army, ready to undermine the remains of a
+throne already but too much shaken.  Whilst speaking with the utmost
+ardour he seized the Queen's hand and kissed it with transport,
+exclaiming, "Suffer yourself to be saved!"  The Queen told me that the
+protestations of a traitor were not to be relied on; that the whole of his
+conduct was so well known that undoubtedly the wisest course was not to
+trust to it;
+
+[The sincerity of General Dumouriez cannot be doubted in this instance.
+The second volume of his Memoirs shows how unjust the mistrust and
+reproaches of the Queen were.  By rejecting his services, Marie Antoinette
+deprived herself of her only remaining support.  He who saved France in
+the defiles of Argonne would perhaps have saved France before the 20th of
+June, had he obtained the full confidence of Louis XVI. and the
+Queen.--NOTE BY THE EDITOR.]
+
+that, moreover, the Princes particularly recommended that no confidence
+should be placed in any proposition emanating from within the kingdom;
+that the force without became imposing; and that it was better to rely
+upon their success, and upon the protection due from Heaven to a sovereign
+so virtuous as Louis XVI.  and to so just a cause.
+
+The constitutionalists, on their part, saw that there had been nothing
+more than a pretence of listening to them.  Barnave's last advice was as
+to the means of continuing, a few weeks longer, the Constitutional Guard,
+which had been denounced to the Assembly, and was to be disbanded.  The
+denunciation against the Constitutional Guard affected only its staff, and
+the Duc de Brissac.  Barnave wrote to the Queen that the staff of the
+guard was already attacked; that the Assembly was about to pass a decree
+to reduce it; and he entreated her to prevail on the King, the very
+instant the decree should appear, to form the staff afresh of persons
+whose names he sent her.  Barnave said that all who were set down in it
+passed for decided Jacobins, but were not so in fact; that they, as well
+as himself, were in despair at seeing the monarchical government attacked;
+that they had learnt to dissemble their sentiments, and that it would be
+at least a fortnight before the Assembly could know them well, and
+certainly before it could succeed in making them unpopular; that it would
+be necessary to take advantage of that short space of time to get away
+from Paris, immediately after their nomination.  The Queen was of opinion
+that she ought not to yield to this advice.  The Duc de Brissac was sent
+to Orleans, and the guard was disbanded.
+
+Barnave, seeing that the Queen did not follow his counsel in anything, and
+convinced that she placed all her reliance on assistance from abroad,
+determined to quit Paris.  He obtained a last audience.  "Your
+misfortunes, Madame," said he, "and those which I anticipate for France,
+determined me to sacrifice myself to serve you.  I see, however, that my
+advice does not agree with the views of your Majesties.  I augur but
+little advantage from the plan you are induced to pursue,--you are too
+remote from your succours; you will be lost before they reach you.  Most
+ardently do I wish I may be mistaken in so lamentable a prediction; but I
+am sure to pay with my head for the interest your misfortunes have raised
+in me, and the services I have sought to render you.  I request, for my
+sole reward, the honour of kissing your hand."  The Queen, her eyes
+suffused with tears, granted him that favour, and remained impressed with
+a favourable idea of his sentiments.  Madame Elisabeth participated in
+this opinion, and the two Princesses frequently spoke of Barnave.  The
+Queen also received M. Duport several times, but with less mystery.  Her
+connection with the constitutional deputies transpired.  Alexandre de
+Lameth was the only one of the three who survived the vengeance of the
+Jacobins.
+
+[Barnave was arrested at Grenoble.  He remained in prison in that town
+fifteen months, and his friends began to hope that he would be forgotten,
+when an order arrived that he should be removed to Paris. At first he was
+imprisoned in the Abbaye, but transferred to the Conciergerie, and almost
+immediately taken before the revolutionary tribunal.  He appeared there
+with wonderful firmness, summed up the services he had rendered to the
+cause of liberty with his usual eloquence, and made such an impression
+upon the numerous auditors that, although accustomed to behold only
+conspirators worthy of death in all those who appeared before the
+tribunal, they themselves considered his acquittal certain.  The decree of
+death was read amidst the deepest silence; but Barnave'a firmness was
+immovable. When he left the court, he cast upon the judges, the jurors,
+and the public looks expressive of contempt and indignation.  He was led
+to his fate with the respected Duport du Tertre, one of the last ministers
+of Louis XVI. when he had ascended the scaffold, Barnave stamped, raised
+his eyes to heaven, and said: "This, then, is the reward of all that I
+have done for liberty!"  He fell on the 29th of October, 1793, in the
+thirty-second year of his age; his bust was placed in the Grenoble Museum.
+The Consular Government placed his statue next to that of Vergniaud, on
+the great staircase of the palace of the Senate.--"Biographie de
+Bruxelles."]
+
+The National Guard, which succeeded the King's Guard, having occupied the
+gates of the Tuileries, all who came to see the Queen were insulted with
+impunity.  Menacing cries were uttered aloud even in the Tuileries; they
+called for the destruction of the throne, and the murder of the sovereign;
+the grossest insults were offered by the very lowest of the mob.
+
+About this time the King fell into a despondent state, which amounted
+almost to physical helplessness.  He passed ten successive days without
+uttering a single word, even in the bosom of his family; except, indeed,
+when playing at backgammon after dinner with Madame Elisabeth.  The Queen
+roused him from this state, so fatal at a critical period, by throwing
+herself at his feet, urging every alarming idea, and employing every
+affectionate expression.  She represented also what he owed to his family;
+and told him that if they were doomed to fall they ought to fall
+honourably, and not wait to be smothered upon the floor of their
+apartment.
+
+About the 15th of June, 1792, the King refused his sanction to the two
+decrees ordaining the deportation of priests and the formation of a camp
+of twenty thousand men under the walls of Paris.  He himself wished to
+sanction them, and said that the general insurrection only waited for a
+pretence to burst forth.  The Queen insisted upon the veto, and reproached
+herself bitterly when this last act of the constitutional authority had
+occasioned the day of the 20th of June.
+
+A few days previously about twenty thousand men had gone to the Commune to
+announce that, on the 20th, they would plant the tree of liberty at the
+door of the National Assembly, and present a petition to the King
+respecting the veto which he had placed upon the decree for the
+deportation of the priests.  This dreadful army crossed the garden of the
+Tuileries, and marched under the Queen's windows; it consisted of people
+who called themselves the citizens of the Faubourgs St. Antoine and St.
+Marceau.  Clothed in filthy rags, they bore a most terrifying appearance,
+and even infected the air.  People asked each other where such an army
+could come from; nothing so disgusting had ever before appeared in Paris.
+
+On the 20th of June this mob thronged about the Tuileries in still greater
+numbers, armed with pikes, hatchets, and murderous instruments of all
+kinds, decorated with ribbons of the national colours, Shouting, "The
+nation for ever!  Down with the veto!"  The King was without guards. Some
+of these desperadoes rushed up to his apartment; the door was about to be
+forced in, when the King commanded that it should be opened. Messieurs de
+Bougainville, d'Hervilly, de Parois, d'Aubier, Acloque, Gentil, and other
+courageous men who were in the apartment of M. de Septeuil, the King's
+first valet de chambre, instantly ran to his Majesty's apartment.  M. de
+Bougainville, seeing the torrent furiously advancing, cried out, "Put the
+King in the recess of the window, and place benches before him."  Six
+royalist grenadiers of the battalion of the Filles Saint Thomas made their
+way by an inner staircase, and ranged themselves before the benches.  The
+order given by M. de Bougainville saved the King from the blades of the
+assassins, among whom was a Pole named Lazousky, who was to strike the
+first blow.  The King's brave defenders said, "Sire, fear nothing."  The
+King's reply is well known: "Put your hand upon my heart, and you will
+perceive whether I am afraid." M. Vanot, commandant of battalion, warded
+off a blow aimed by a wretch against the King; a grenadier of the Filles
+Saint Thomas parried a sword-thrust made in the same direction.  Madame
+Elisabeth ran to her brother's apartments; when she reached the door she
+heard loud threats of death against the Queen: they called for the head of
+the Austrian.  "Ah!  let them think I am the Queen," she said to those
+around her, "that she may have time to escape."
+
+The Queen could not join the King; she was in the council chamber, where
+she had been placed behind the great table to protect her, as much as
+possible, against the approach of the barbarians.  Preserving a noble and
+becoming demeanour in this dreadful situation, she held the Dauphin before
+her, seated upon the table.  Madame was at her side; the Princesse de
+Lamballe, the Princesse de Tarente, Madame de la Roche-Aymon, Madame de
+Tourzel, and Madame de Mackau surrounded her.  She had fixed a tricoloured
+cockade, which one of the National Guard had given her, upon her head.
+The poor little Dauphin was, like the King, shrouded in an enormous red
+cap.  The horde passed in files before the table;
+
+[One of the circumstances of the 20th of June which most vexed the King's
+friends being that of his wearing the bonnet rouge nearly three hours, I
+ventured to ask him for some explanation of a fact so strikingly in
+contrast with the extraordinary intrepidity shown by his Majesty during
+that horrible day.  This was his answer: "The cries of 'The nation for
+ever!' violently increasing around me, and seeming to be addressed to me,
+I replied that the nation had not a warmer friend than myself.  Upon this
+an ill-looking man, making his way through the crowd, came up to me and
+said, rather roughly, 'Well, if you speak the truth, prove it by putting
+on this red cap.' 'I consent,' replied I.  One or two of them immediately
+came forward and placed the cap upon my hair, for it was too small for my
+head. I was convinced, I knew not why, that his intention was merely to
+place the cap upon my head for a moment, and then to take it off again;
+and I was so completely taken up with what was passing before me that I
+did not feel whether the cap did or did not remain upon my hair.  I was so
+little aware of it that when I returned to my room I knew only from being
+told so that it was still there.  I was very much surprised to find it
+upon my head, and was the more vexed at it because I might have taken it
+off immediately without the smallest difficulty.  But I am satisfied that
+if I had hesitated to consent to its being placed upon my head the drunken
+fellow who offered it to me would have thrust his pike into my
+stomach."--"Memoirs of Bertrand de Molleville."]
+
+the sort of standards which they carried were symbols of the most
+atrocious barbarity.  There was one representing a gibbet, to which a
+dirty doll was suspended; the words "Marie Antoinette a la lanterne" were
+written beneath it.  Another was a board, to which a bullock's heart was
+fastened, with "Heart of Louis XVI." written round it.  And a third showed
+the horn of an ox, with an obscene inscription.
+
+One of the most furious Jacobin women who marched with these wretches
+stopped to give vent to a thousand imprecations against the Queen.  Her
+Majesty asked whether she had ever seen her.  She replied that she had
+not.  Whether she had done her any, personal wrong?  Her answer was the
+same; but she added:
+
+"It is you who have caused the misery of the nation."
+
+"You have been told so," answered the Queen; "you are deceived.  As the
+wife of the King of France, and mother of the Dauphin, I am a
+French-woman; I shall never see my own country again, I can be happy or
+unhappy only in France; I was happy when you loved me."
+
+The fury began to weep, asked her pardon, and said, "It was because I did
+not know you; I see that you are good."
+
+Santerre, the monarch of the faubourgs, made his subjects file off as
+quickly as he could; and it was thought at the time that he was ignorant
+of the object of this insurrection, which was the murder of the royal
+family.  However, it was eight o'clock in the evening before the palace
+was completely cleared.  Twelve deputies, impelled by attachment to the
+King's person, ranged themselves near him at the commencement of the
+insurrection; but the deputation from the Assembly did not reach the
+Tuileries until six in the evening; all the doors of the apartments were
+broken.  The Queen pointed out to the deputies the state of the King's
+palace, and the disgraceful manner in which his asylum had been violated
+under the very eyes of the Assembly; she saw that Merlin de Thionville was
+so much affected as to shed tears while she spoke.
+
+"You weep, M. Merlin," said she to him, "at seeing the King and his family
+so cruelly treated by a people whom he always wished to make happy."
+
+"True, Madame," replied Merlin; "I weep for the misfortunes of a beautiful
+and feeling woman, the mother of a family; but do not mistake, not one of
+my tears falls for either King or Queen; I hate kings and queens,--it is
+my religion."
+
+The Queen could not appreciate this madness, and saw all that was to be
+apprehended by persons who evinced it.
+
+All hope was gone, and nothing was thought of but succour from abroad. The
+Queen appealed to her family and the King's brothers; her letters probably
+became more pressing, and expressed apprehensions upon the tardiness of
+relief.  Her Majesty read me one to herself from the Archduchess
+Christina, Gouvernante of the Low Countries: she reproached the Queen for
+some of her expressions, and told her that those out of France were at
+least as much alarmed as herself at the King's situation and her own; but
+that the manner of attempting to assist her might either save her or
+endanger her safety; and that the members of the coalition were bound to
+act prudently, entrusted as they were with interests so dear to them.
+
+The 14th of July, 1792, fixed by the constitution as the anniversary of
+the independence of the nation drew near.  The King and Queen were
+compelled to make their appearance on the occasion; aware that the plot of
+the 20th of June had their assassination for its object, they had no doubt
+but that their death was determined on for the day of this national
+festival.  The Queen was recommended, in order to give the King's friends
+time to defend him if the attack should be made, to guard him against the
+first stroke of a dagger by making him wear a breastplate.  I was directed
+to get one made in my apartments: it was composed of fifteen folds of
+Italian taffety, and formed into an under-waistcoat and a wide belt.  This
+breastplate was tried; it resisted all thrusts of the dagger, and several
+balls were turned aside by it.  When it was completed the difficulty was
+to let the King try it on without running the risk of being surprised.  I
+wore the immense heavy waistcoat as an under-petticoat for three days
+without being able to find a favourable moment. At length the King found
+an opportunity one morning to pull off his coat in the Queen's chamber and
+try on the breastplate.
+
+The Queen was in bed; the King pulled me gently by the gown, and drew me
+as far as he could from the Queen's bed, and said to me, in a very low
+tone of voice: "It is to satisfy her that I submit to this inconvenience:
+they will not assassinate me; their scheme is changed; they will put me to
+death another way."  The Queen heard the King whispering to me, and when
+he was gone out she asked me what he had said.  I hesitated to answer; she
+insisted that I should, saying that nothing must be concealed from her,
+and that she was resigned upon every point.
+
+When she was informed of the King's remark she told me she had guessed it,
+that he had long since observed to her that all which was going forward in
+France was an imitation of the revolution in England in the time of
+Charles I., and that he was incessantly reading the history of that
+unfortunate monarch in order that he might act better than Charles had
+done at a similar crisis.  "I begin to be fearful of the King's being
+brought to trial," continued the Queen; "as to me, I am a foreigner; they
+will assassinate me.  What will become of my poor children?"
+
+These sad ejaculations were followed by a torrent of tears.  I wished to
+give her an antispasmodic; she refused it, saying that only happy women
+could feel nervous; that the cruel situation to which she was reduced
+rendered these remedies useless.  In fact, the Queen, who during her
+happier days was frequently attacked by hysterical disorders, enjoyed more
+uniform health when all the faculties of her soul were called forth to
+support her physical strength.
+
+I had prepared a corset for her, for the same purpose as the King's
+under-waistcoat, without her knowledge; but she would not make use of it;
+all my entreaties, all my tears, were in vain.  "If the factions
+assassinate me," she replied, "it will be a fortunate event for me; they
+will deliver me from a most painful existence."  A few days after the King
+had tried on his breastplate I met him on a back staircase.  I drew back
+to let him pass.  He stopped and took my hand; I wished to kiss his; he
+would not suffer it, but drew me towards him by the hand, and kissed both
+my cheeks without saying a single word.
+
+The fear of another attack upon the Tuileries occasioned scrupulous search
+among the King's papers
+
+I burnt almost all those belonging to the Queen.  She put her family
+letters, a great deal of correspondence which she thought it necessary to
+preserve for the history of the era of the Revolution, and particularly
+Barnave's letters and her answers, of which she had copies, into a
+portfolio, which she entrusted to M. de J----.  That gentleman was unable
+to save this deposit, and it was burnt.  The Queen left a few papers in
+her secretaire.  Among them were instructions to Madame de Tourzel,
+respecting the dispositions of her children and the characters and
+abilities of the sub-governesses under that lady's orders.  This paper,
+which the Queen drew up at the time of Madame de Tourzel's appointment,
+with several letters from Maria Theresa, filled with the best advice and
+instructions, was printed after the 10th of August by order of the
+Assembly in the collection of papers found in the secretaires of the King
+and Queen.
+
+Her Majesty had still, without reckoning the income of the month, one
+hundred and forty thousand francs in gold.  She was desirous of depositing
+the whole of it with me; but I advised her to retain fifteen hundred
+louis, as a sum of rather considerable amount might be suddenly necessary
+for her.  The King had an immense quantity of papers, and unfortunately
+conceived the idea of privately making, with the assistance of a locksmith
+who had worked with him above ten years, a place of concealment in an
+inner corridor of his apartments.  The place of concealment, but for the
+man's information, would have been long undiscovered?  The wall in which
+it was made was painted to imitate large stones, and the opening was
+entirely concealed among the brown grooves which formed the shaded part of
+these painted stones.  But even before this locksmith had denounced what
+was afterwards called the iron closet to the Assembly, the Queen was aware
+that he had talked of it to some of his friends; and that this man, in
+whom the King from long habit placed too much confidence, was a Jacobin.
+She warned the King of it, and prevailed on him to fill a very large
+portfolio with all the papers he was most interested in preserving, and
+entrust it to me.  She entreated him in my presence to leave nothing in
+this closet; and the King, in order to quiet her, told her that he had
+left nothing there.  I would have taken the portfolio and carried it to my
+apartment, but it was too heavy for me to lift.  The King said he would
+carry it himself; I went before to open the doors for him.  When he placed
+the portfolio in my inner closet he merely said, "The Queen will tell you
+what it contains." Upon my return to the Queen I put the question to her,
+deeming, from what the King had said, that it was necessary I should know.
+"They are," the Queen answered me, "such documents as would be most
+dangerous to the King should they go so far as to proceed to a trial
+against him.  But what he wishes me to tell you is, that the portfolio
+contains a 'proces-verbal' of a cabinet council, in which the King gave
+his opinion against the war. He had it signed by all the ministers, and,
+in case of a trial, he trusts that this document will be very useful to
+him."  I asked the Queen to whom she thought I ought to commit the
+portfolio.  "To whom you please," answered she; "you alone are answerable
+for it.  Do not quit the palace even during your vacation months: there
+may be circumstances under which it would be very desirable that we should
+be able to have it instantly."
+
+At this period M. de La Fayette, who had probably given up the idea of
+establishing a republic in France similar to that of the United States,
+and was desirous to support the first constitution which he had sworn to
+defend, quitted his army and came to the Assembly for the purpose of
+supporting by his presence and by an energetic speech a petition signed by
+twenty thousand citizens against the late violation of the residence of
+the King and his family.  The General found the constitutional party
+powerless, and saw that he himself had lost his popularity.  The Assembly
+disapproved of the step he had taken; the King, for whom it, was taken,
+showed no satisfaction at it, and he saw himself compelled to return to
+his army as quickly as he could.  He thought he could rely on the National
+Guard; but on the day of his arrival those officers who were in the King's
+interest inquired of his Majesty whether they were to forward the views of
+Gendral de La Fayette by joining him in such measures as he should pursue
+during his stay at Paris.  The King enjoined them not to do so.  From this
+answer M. de La Fayette perceived that he was abandoned by the remainder
+of his party in the Paris guard.
+
+On his arrival a plan was presented to the Queen, in which it was proposed
+by a junction between La Fayette's army and the King's party to rescue the
+royal family and convey them to Rouen.  I did not learn the particulars of
+this plan; the Queen only said to me upon the subject that M. de La
+Fayette was offered to them as a resource; but that it would be better for
+them to perish than to owe their safety to the man who had done them the
+most mischief, or to place themselves under the necessity of treating with
+him.
+
+I passed the whole month of July without going to bed; I was fearful of
+some attack by night.  There was one plot against the Queen's life which
+has never been made known.  I was alone by her bedside at one o'clock in
+the morning; we heard somebody walking softly down the corridor, which
+passes along the whole line of her apartments, and which was then locked
+at each end.  I went out to fetch the valet de chambre; he entered the
+corridor, and the Queen and myself soon heard the noise of two men
+fighting.  The unfortunate Princess held me locked in her arms, and said
+to me, "What a situation! insults by day and assassins by night!" The
+valet de chambre cried out to her from the corridor, "Madame, it is a
+wretch that I know; I have him!"--"Let him go," said the Queen; "open the
+door to him; he came to murder me; the Jacobins would carry him about in
+triumph to-morrow."  The man was a servant of the King's toilet, who had
+taken the key of the corridor out of his Majesty's pocket after he was in
+bed, no doubt with the intention of committing the crime suspected.  The
+valet de chambre, who was a very strong man, held him by the wrists, and
+thrust him out at the door.  The wretch did not speak a word.  The valet
+de chambre said, in answer to the Queen, who spoke to him gratefully of
+the danger to which he had exposed himself, that he feared nothing, and
+that he had always a pair of excellent pistols about him for no other
+purpose than to defend her Majesty.  The next day M. de Septeuil had all
+the locks of the King's inner apartments changed.  I did the same by those
+of the Queen.
+
+We were every moment told that the Faubourg St. Antoine was preparing to
+march against the palace.  At four o'clock one morning towards the latter
+end of July a person came to give me information to that effect.  I
+instantly sent off two men, on whom I could rely, with orders to proceed
+to the usual places for assembling, and to come back speedily and give me
+an account of the state of the city.  We knew that at least an hour must
+elapse before the populace or the faubourgs assembled on the site of the
+Bastille could reach the Tuileries.  It seemed to me sufficient for the
+Queen's safety that all about her should be awakened. I went softly into
+her room; she was asleep; I did not awaken her.  I found General de
+W----in the great closet; he told me the meeting was, for this once,
+dispersing.  The General had endeavoured to please the populace by the
+same means as M. de La Fayette had employed.  He saluted the lowest
+poissarde, and lowered his hat down to his very stirrup. But the populace,
+who had been flattered for three years, required far different homage to
+its power, and the poor man was unnoticed.  The King had been awakened,
+and so had Madame Elisabeth, who had gone to him.  The Queen, yielding to
+the weight of her griefs, slept till nine o'clock on that day, which was
+very unusual with her.  The King had already been to know whether she was
+awake; I told him what I had done, and the care I had taken not to disturb
+her.  He thanked me, and said, "I was awake, and so was the whole palace;
+she ran no risk.  I am very glad to see her take a little rest.  Alas! her
+griefs double mine!" What was my chagrin when, upon awaking and learning
+what had passed, the Queen burst into tears from regret at not having been
+called, and began to upbraid me, on whose friendship she ought to have
+been able to rely, for having served her so ill under such circumstances!
+In vain did I reiterate that it had been only a false alarm, and that she
+required to have her strength recruited. "It is not diminished," said she;
+"misfortune gives us additional strength.  Elisabeth was with the King,
+and I was asleep,--I who am determined to perish by his side!  I am his
+wife; I will not suffer him to incur the smallest risk without my sharing
+it."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+
+During July the correspondence of M. Bertrand de Molleville with the King
+and Queen was most active.  M. de Marsilly, formerly a lieutenant of the
+Cent-Suisses of the Guard, was the bearer of the letters.
+
+[I received by night only the King's answer, written with his own hand, in
+the margin of my letter.  I always sent him back with the day's letter
+that to which he had replied the day before, so that my letters and his
+answers, of which I contented myself with taking notes only, never
+remained with me twenty-four hours.  I proposed this arrangement to his
+Majesty to remove all uneasiness from his mind; my letters were generally
+delivered to the King or the Queen by M. de Marsilly, captain of the
+King's Guard, whose attachment and fidelity were known to their Majesties.
+I also sometimes employed M. Bernard de Marigny, who had left Brest for
+the purpose of sharing with his Majesty's faithful servants the dangers
+which threatened the King.--"Memoirs of Bertrand de Molleville," vol.
+ii., p.  12.]
+
+He came to me the first time with a note from the Queen directed to M.
+Bertrand himself.  In this note the Queen said: "Address yourself with
+full confidence to Madame Campan; the conduct of her brother in Russia has
+not at all influenced her sentiments; she is wholly devoted to us; and if,
+hereafter, you should have anything to say to us verbally, you may rely
+entirely upon her devotion and discretion."
+
+The mobs which gathered almost nightly in the faubourgs alarmed the
+Queen's friends; they entreated her not to sleep in her room on the ground
+floor of the Tuileries.  She removed to the first floor, to a room which
+was between the King's apartments and those of the Dauphin.  Being awake
+always from daybreak, she ordered that neither the shutters nor the
+window-blinds should be closed, that her long sleepless nights might be
+the less weary.  About the middle of one of these nights, when the moon
+was shining into her bedchamber, she gazed at it, and told me that in a
+month she should not see that moon unless freed from her chains, and
+beholding the King at liberty.  She then imparted to me all that was
+concurring to deliver them; but said that the opinions of their intimate
+advisers were alarmingly at variance; that some vouched for complete
+success, while others pointed out insurmountable dangers.  She added that
+she possessed the itinerary of the march of the Princes and the King of
+Prussia: that on such a day they would be at Verdun, on another day at
+such a place, that Lille was about to be besieged, but that M. de J-----,
+whose prudence and intelligence the King, as well as herself, highly
+valued, alarmed them much respecting the success of that siege, and made
+them apprehensive that, even were the commandant devoted to them, the
+civil authority, which by the constitution gave great power to the mayors
+of towns, would overrule the military commandant.  She was also very
+uneasy as to what would take place at Paris during the interval, and spoke
+to me of the King's want of energy, but always in terms expressive of her
+veneration for his virtues and her attachment to himself.--"The King,"
+said she, "is not a coward; he possesses abundance of passive courage, but
+he is overwhelmed by an awkward shyness, a mistrust of himself, which
+proceeds from his education as much as from his disposition.  He is afraid
+to command, and, above all things, dreads speaking to assembled numbers.
+He lived like a child, and always ill at ease under the eyes of Louis XV.,
+until the age of twenty-one.  This constraint confirmed his timidity.
+
+"Circumstanced as we are, a few well-delivered words addressed to the
+Parisians, who are devoted to him, would multiply the strength of our
+party a hundredfold: he will not utter them.  What can we expect from
+those addresses to the people which he has been advised to post up?
+Nothing but fresh outrages.  As for myself, I could do anything, and would
+appear on horseback if necessary.  But if I were really to begin to act,
+that would be furnishing arms to the King's enemies; the cry against the
+Austrian, and against the sway of a woman, would become general in France;
+and, moreover, by showing myself, I should render the King a mere nothing.
+A queen who is not regent ought, under these circumstances, to remain
+passive and prepare to die."
+
+The garden of the Tuileries was full of maddened men, who insulted all who
+seemed to side with the Court.  "The Life of Marie Antoinette" was cried
+under the Queen's windows, infamous plates were annexed to the book, the
+hawkers showed them to the passersby.  On all sides were heard the
+jubilant outcries of a people in a state of delirium almost as frightful
+as the explosion of their rage.  The Queen and her children were unable to
+breathe the open air any longer.  It was determined that the garden of the
+Tuileries should be closed: as soon as this step was taken the Assembly
+decreed that the whole length of the Terrace des Feuillans belonged to it,
+and fixed the boundary between what was called the national ground and the
+Coblentz ground by a tricoloured ribbon stretched from one end of the
+terrace to the other.  All good citizens were ordered, by notices affixed
+to it, not to go down into the garden, under pain of being treated in the
+same manner as Foulon and Berthier. A young man who did not observe this
+written order went down into the garden; furious outcries, threats of la
+lanterne, and the crowd of people which collected upon the terrace warned
+him of his imprudence, and the danger which he ran.  He immediately pulled
+off his shoes, took out his handkerchief, and wiped the dust from their
+soles.  The people cried out, "Bravo!  the good citizen for ever!"  He was
+carried off in triumph.  The shutting up of the Tuileries did not enable
+the Queen and her children to walk in the garden.  The people on the
+terrace sent forth dreadful shouts, and she was twice compelled to return
+to her apartments.
+
+In the early part of August many zealous persons offered the King money;
+he refused considerable sums, being unwilling to injure the fortunes of
+individuals.  M. de la Ferte, intendant of the 'menus plaisirs', brought
+me a thousand louis, requesting me to lay them at the feet of the Queen.
+He thought she could not have too much money at so perilous a time, and
+that every good Frenchman should hasten to place all his ready money in
+her hands.  She refused this sum, and others of much greater amount which
+were offered to her.
+
+[M. Auguie, my brother-in-law, receiver-general of the finances, offered
+her, through his wife, a portfolio containing one hundred thousand crowns
+in paper money.  On this occasion the Queen said the most affecting things
+to my sister, expressive of her happiness at having contributed to the
+fortunes of such faithful subjects as herself and her husband, but
+declined her offer.--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+However, a few days afterwards, she told me she would accept M. de la
+Ferte's twenty-four thousand francs, because they would make up a sum
+which the King had to expend.  She therefore directed, me to go and
+receive those twenty-four thousand francs, to add them to the one hundred
+thousand francs she had placed in my hands, and to change the whole into
+assignats to increase their amount.  Her orders were executed, and the
+assignats were delivered to the King.  The Queen informed me that Madame
+Elisabeth had found a well-meaning man who had engaged to gain over Petion
+by the bribe of a large sum of money, and that deputy would, by a
+preconcerted signal, inform the King of the success of the project.  His
+Majesty soon had an opportunity of seeing Petion, and on the Queen asking
+him before me if he was satisfied with him, the King replied, "Neither
+more nor less satisfied than usual; he did not make the concerted signal,
+and I believe I have been cheated."  The Queen then condescended to
+explain the whole of the enigma to me.  "Petion," said she, "was, while
+talking to the King, to have kept his finger fixed upon his right eye for
+at least two seconds."--"He did not even put his hand up to his chin,"
+said the King; "after all, it is but so much money stolen: the thief will
+not boast of it, and the affair will remain a secret.  Let us talk of
+something else."  He turned to me and said, "Your father was an intimate
+friend of Mandat, who now commands the National Guard; describe him to me;
+what ought I to expect from him?"  I answered that he was one of his
+Majesty's most faithful subjects, but that with a great deal of loyalty he
+possessed very little sense, and that he was involved in the
+constitutional vortex.  "I understand," said the King; "he is a man who
+would defend my palace and my person, because that is enjoined by the
+constitution which he has sworn to support, but who would fight against
+the party in favour of sovereign authority; it is well to know this with
+certainty."
+
+On the next day the Princesse de Lamballe sent for me very early in the
+morning.  I found her on a sofa facing a window that looked upon the Pont
+Royal.  She then occupied that apartment of the Pavilion of Flora which
+was on a level with that of the Queen.  She desired me to sit down by her.
+Her Highness had a writing-desk upon her knees.  "You have had many
+enemies," said she; "attempts have been made to deprive you of the Queen's
+favour; they have been far from successful.  Do you know that even I
+myself, not being so well acquainted with you as the Queen, was rendered
+suspicious of you; and that upon the arrival of the Court at the Tuileries
+I gave you a companion to be a spy upon you; and that I had another
+belonging to the police placed at your door!  I was assured that you
+received five or six of the most virulent deputies of the Tiers Etat; but
+it was that wardrobe woman whose rooms were above you.
+
+"In short," said the Princess, "persons of integrity have nothing to fear
+from the evil-disposed when they belong to so upright a prince as the
+King.  As to the Queen, she knows you, and has loved you ever since she
+came into France.  You shall judge of the King's opinion of you: it was
+yesterday evening decided in the family circle that, at a time when the
+Tuileries is likely to be attacked, it was necessary to have the most
+faithful account of the opinions and conduct of all the individuals
+composing the Queen's service.  The King takes the same precaution on his
+part respecting all who are about him.  He said there was with him a
+person of great integrity, to whom he would commit this inquiry; and that,
+with regard to the Queen's household, you must be spoken to, that he had
+long studied your character, and that he esteemed your veracity."
+
+The Princess had a list of the names of all who belonged to the Queen's
+chamber on her desk.  She asked me for information respecting each
+individual.  I was fortunate in having none but the most favourable
+information to give.  I had to speak of my avowed enemy in the Queen's
+chamber; of her who most wished that I should be responsible for my
+brother's political opinions.  The Princess, as the head of the chamber,
+could not be ignorant of this circumstance; but as the person in question,
+who idolised the King and Queen, would not have hesitated to sacrifice her
+life in order to save theirs, and as possibly her attachment to them,
+united to considerable narrowness of intellect and a limited education,
+contributed to her jealousy of me, I spoke of her in the highest terms.
+
+The Princess wrote as I dictated, and occasionally looked at me with
+astonishment.  When I had done I entreated her to write in the margin that
+the lady alluded to was my declared enemy.  She embraced me, saying, "Ah!
+do not write it!  we should not record an unhappy circumstance which ought
+to be forgotten."  We came to a man of genius who was much attached to the
+Queen, and I described him as a man born solely to contradict, showing
+himself an aristocrat with democrats, and a democrat among aristocrats;
+but still a man of probity, and well disposed to his sovereign.  The
+Princess said she knew many persons of that disposition, and that she was
+delighted I had nothing to say against this man, because she herself had
+placed him about the Queen.
+
+The whole of her Majesty's chamber, which consisted entirely of persons of
+fidelity, gave throughout all the dreadful convulsions of the Revolution
+proofs of the greatest prudence and self-devotion.  The same cannot be
+said of the antechambers.  With the exception of three or four, all the
+servants of that class were outrageous Jacobins; and I saw on those
+occasions the necessity of composing the private household of princes of
+persons completely separated from the class of the people.
+
+The situation of the royal family was so unbearable during the months
+which immediately preceded the 10th of August that the Queen longed for
+the crisis, whatever might be its issue.  She frequently said that a long
+confinement in a tower by the seaside would seem to her less intolerable
+than those feuds in which the weakness of her party daily threatened an
+inevitable catastrophe.
+
+[A few days before the 10th of August the squabbles between the royalists
+and the Jacobins, and between the Jacobins and the constitutionalists,
+increased in warmth; among the latter those men who defended the
+principles they professed with the greatest talent, courage, and constancy
+were at the same time the most exposed to danger.  Montjoie says: "The
+question of dethronement was discussed with a degree of frenzy in the
+Assembly.  Such of the deputies as voted against it were abused, ill
+treated, and surrounded by assassins.  They had a battle to fight at every
+step they took; and at length they did not dare to sleep in their own
+houses.  Of this number were Regnault de Beaucaron, Froudiere, Girardin,
+and Vaublanc.  Girardin complained of having been struck in one of the
+lobbies of the Assembly.  A voice cried out to him, 'Say where were you
+struck.'  'Where?' replied Girardin, 'what a question!  Behind. Do
+assassins ever strike otherwise?"]
+
+Not only were their Majesties prevented from breathing the open air, but
+they were also insulted at the very foot of the altar.  The Sunday before
+the last day of the monarchy, while the royal family went through the
+gallery to the chapel, half the soldiers of the National Guard exclaimed,
+"Long live the King!" and the other half, "No; no King!  Down with the
+veto!" and on that day at vespers the choristers preconcerted to use loud
+and threatening emphasis when chanting the words, "Deposuit potentes de
+sede," in the "Magnificat."  Incensed at such an irreverent proceeding,
+the royalists in their turn thrice exclaimed, "Et reginam," after the
+"Domine salvum fac regem."  The tumult during the whole time of divine
+service was excessive.
+
+At length the terrible night of the 10th of August, 1792, arrived.  On the
+preceding evening Potion went to the Assembly and informed it that
+preparations were making for an insurrection on the following day; that
+the tocsin would sound at midnight; and that he feared he had not
+sufficient means for resisting the attack which was about to take place.
+Upon this information the Assembly passed to the order of the day. Petion,
+however, gave an order for repelling force by force.
+
+[Petion was the Mayor of Paris, and Mandat on this day was commandant of
+the National Guard.  Mandat was assassinated that night.--"Thiers," vol.
+i., p. 260.]
+
+M. Mandat was armed with this order; and, finding his fidelity to the
+King's person supported by what he considered the law of the State, he
+conducted himself in all his operations with the greatest energy.  On the
+evening of the 9th I was present at the King's supper.  While his Majesty
+was giving me various orders we heard a great noise at the door of the
+apartment.  I went to see what was the cause of it, and found the two
+sentinels fighting.  One said, speaking of the King, that he was hearty in
+the cause of the constitution, and would defend it at the peril of his
+life; the other maintained that he was an encumbrance to the only
+constitution suitable to a free people.  They were almost ready to cut one
+another's throats.  I returned with a countenance which betrayed my
+emotion.  The King desired to know what was going forward at his door; I
+could not conceal it from him.  The Queen said she was not at all
+surprised at it, and that more than half the guard belonged to the Jacobin
+party.
+
+The tocsin sounded at midnight.  The Swiss were drawn up like walls; and
+in the midst of their soldierlike silence, which formed a striking
+contrast with the perpetual din of the town guard, the King informed M. de
+J-----, an officer of the staff, of the plan of defence laid down by
+General Viomenil.  M. de J----- said to me, after this private conference,
+"Put your jewels and money into your pockets; our dangers are unavoidable;
+the means of defence are nil; safety might be obtained by some degree of
+energy in the King, but that is the only virtue in which he is deficient."
+
+An hour after midnight the Queen and Madame Elisabeth said they would lie
+down on a sofa in a room in the entresols, the windows of which commanded
+the courtyard of the Tuileries.
+
+The Queen told me the King had just refused to put on his quilted
+under-waistcoat; that he had consented to wear it on the 14th of July
+because he was merely going to a ceremony where the blade of an assassin
+was to be apprehended, but that on a day on which his party might fight
+against the revolutionists he thought there was something cowardly in
+preserving his life by such means.
+
+During this time Madame Elisabeth disengaged herself from some of her
+clothing which encumbered her in order to lie down on the sofa: she took a
+cornelian pin out of her cape, and before she laid it down on the table
+she showed it to me, and desired me to read a motto engraved upon it round
+a stalk of lilies.  The words were, "Oblivion of injuries; pardon for
+offences."--"I much fear," added that virtuous Princess, "this maxim has
+but little influence among our enemies; but it ought not to be less dear
+to us on that account."
+
+[The exalted piety of Madame Elisabeth gave to all she said and did a
+noble character, descriptive of that of her soul.  On the day on which
+this worthy descendant of Saint Louis was sacrificed, the executioner, in
+tying her hands behind her, raised up one of the ends of her handkerchief.
+Madame Elisabeth, with calmness, and in a voice which seemed not to belong
+to earth, said to him, "In the name of modesty, cover my bosom."  I
+learned this from Madame de Serilly, who was condemned the same day as the
+Princess, but who obtained a respite at the moment of the execution,
+Madame de Montmorin, her relation, declaring that her cousin was
+enceinte.-MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+The Queen desired me to sit down by her; the two Princesses could not
+sleep; they were conversing mournfully upon their situation when a musket
+was discharged in the courtyard.  They both quitted the sofa, saying,
+"There is the first shot, unfortunately it will not be the last; let us go
+up to the King."  The Queen desired me to follow her; several of her women
+went with me.
+
+At four o'clock the Queen came out of the King's chamber and told us she
+had no longer any hope; that M. Mandat, who had gone to the Hotel de Ville
+to receive further orders, had just been assassinated, and that the people
+were at that time carrying his head about the streets.  Day came. The
+King, the Queen, Madame Elisabeth, Madame, and the Dauphin went down to
+pass through the ranks of the sections of the National Guard; the cry of
+"Vive le Roi!" was heard from a few places.  I was at a window on the
+garden side; I saw some of the gunners quit their posts, go up to the
+King, and thrust their fists in his face, insulting him by the most brutal
+language.  Messieurs de Salvert and de Bridges drove them off in a
+spirited manner.  The King was as pale as a corpse.  The royal family came
+in again.  The Queen told me that all was lost; that the King had shown no
+energy; and that this sort of review had done more harm than good.
+
+I was in the billiard-room with my companions; we placed ourselves upon
+some high benches.  I then saw M. d'Hervilly with a drawn sword in his
+hand, ordering the usher to open the door to the French noblesse.  Two
+hundred persons entered the room nearest to that in which the family were;
+others drew up in two lines in the preceding rooms.  I saw a few people
+belonging to the Court, many others whose features were unknown to me, and
+a few who figured technically without right among what was called the
+noblesse, but whose self-devotion ennobled them at once.  They were all so
+badly armed that even in that situation the indomitable French liveliness
+indulged in jests.  M. de Saint-Souplet, one of the King's equerries, and
+a page, carried on their shoulders instead of muskets the tongs belonging
+to the King's antechamber, which they had broken and divided between them.
+Another page, who had a pocket-pistol in his hand, stuck the end of it
+against the back of the person who stood before him, and who begged he
+would be good enough to rest it elsewhere.  A sword and a pair of pistols
+were the only arms of those who had had the precaution to provide
+themselves with arms at all.  Meanwhile, the numerous bands from the
+faubourgs, armed with pikes and cutlasses, filled the Carrousel and the
+streets adjacent to the Tuileries.  The sanguinary Marseillais were at
+their head, with cannon pointed against the Chateau.  In this emergency
+the King's Council sent M. Dejoly, the Minister of Justice, to the
+Assembly to request they would send the King a deputation which might
+serve as a safeguard to the executive power.  His ruin was resolved on;
+they passed to the order of the day.  At eight o'clock the department
+repaired to the Chateau.  The procureur-syndic, seeing that the guard
+within was ready to join the assailants, went into the King's closet and
+requested to speak to him in private.  The King received him in his
+chamber; the Queen was with him.  There M. Roederer told him that the
+King, all his family, and the people about them would inevitably perish
+unless his Majesty immediately determined to go to the National Assembly.
+The Queen at first opposed this advice, but the procureur-syndic told her
+that she rendered herself responsible for the deaths of the King, her
+children, and all who were in the palace.  She no longer objected.  The
+King then consented to go to the Assembly.  As he set out, he said to the
+minister and persons who surrounded him, "Come, gentlemen, there is
+nothing more to be done here."
+
+["The King hesitated, the Queen manifested the highest dissatisfaction.
+'What!' said she,' are we alone; is there nobody who can act?'--'Yes,
+Madame, alone; action is useless--resistance is impossible.' One of the
+members of the department, M. Gerdrot, insisted on the prompt execution of
+the proposed measure.  'Silence, monsieur,' said the Queen to him;
+'silence; you are the only person who ought to be silent here; when the
+mischief is done, those who did it should not pretend to wish to remedy
+it.' .  .  .
+
+"The King remained mute; nobody spoke.  It was reserved for me to give the
+last piece of advice.  I had the firmness to say, 'Let us go, and not
+deliberate; honour commands it, the good of the State requires it.  Let us
+go to the National Assembly; this step ought to have been taken long ago:
+'Let us go,' said the King, raising his right hand; 'let us start; let us
+give this last mark of self-devotion, since it is necessary.'  The Queen
+was persuaded.  Her first anxiety was for the King, the second for her
+son; the King had none.  'M. Roederer--gentlemen,' said the Queen, 'you
+answer for the person of the King; you answer for that of my
+son.'--'Madame,' replied M. Roederer, 'we pledge ourselves to die at your
+side; that is all we can engage for.'"--MONTJOIE, "History of Marie
+Antoinette."]
+
+The Queen said to me as she left the King's chamber, "Wait in my
+apartments; I will come to you, or I will send for you to go I know not
+whither."  She took with her only the Princesse de Lamballe and Madame de
+Tourzel.  The Princesse de Tarente and Madame de la Roche-Aymon were
+inconsolable at being left at the Tuileries; they, and all who belonged to
+the chamber, went down into the Queen's apartments.
+
+We saw the royal family pass between two lines formed by the Swiss
+grenadiers and those of the battalions of the Petits-Peres and the Filles
+Saint Thomas.  They were so pressed upon by the crowd that during that
+short passage the Queen was robbed of her watch and purse.  A man of great
+height and horrible appearance, one of such as were to be seen at the head
+of all the insurrections, drew near the Dauphin, whom the Queen was
+leading by the hand, and took him up in his arms.  The Queen uttered a
+scream of terror, and was ready to faint.  The man said to her, "Don't be
+frightened, I will do him no harm;" and he gave him back to her at the
+entrance of the chamber.
+
+I leave to history all the details of that too memorable day, confining
+myself to recalling a few of the frightful scenes acted in the interior of
+the Tuileries after the King had quitted the palace.
+
+The assailants did not know that the King and his family had betaken
+themselves to the Assembly; and those who defended the palace from the
+aide of the courts were equally ignorant of it.  It is supposed that if
+they had been aware of the fact the siege would never have taken place.
+
+[In reading of the events of the 10th of August, 1792, the reader must
+remember that there was hardly any armed force to resist the mob.  The
+regiments that had shown signs of being loyal to the King had been removed
+from Paris by the Assembly.  The Swiss had been deprived of their own
+artillery, and the Court had sent one of their battalions into Normandy at
+a time when there was an idea of taking refuge there.  The National Guard
+were either disloyal or disheartened, and the gunners, especially of that
+force at the Tuileries, sympathised with the mob.  Thus the King had about
+800 or 900 Swiss and little more than one battalion of the National Guard.
+Mandat, one of the six heads of the legions of the National Guard, to
+whose turn the command fell on that day, was true to his duty, but was
+sent for to the Hotel de Ville and assassinated.  Still the small force,
+even after the departure of the King, would have probably beaten off the
+mob had not the King given the fatal order to the Swiss to cease firing.
+(See Thiers's "Revolution Francaise," vol.  i., chap.  xi.) Bonaparte's
+opinion of the mob may be judged by his remarks on the 20th June, 1792,
+when, disgusted at seeing the King appear with the red cap on his head, he
+exclaimed, "Che coglione!  Why have they let in all that rabble?  Why
+don't they sweep off 400 or 500 of them with the cannon?  The rest would
+then set off."  ("Bourrienne," vol. i., p.13, Bentley, London, 1836.)
+Bonaparte carried out his own plan against a far stronger force of
+assailants on the Jour des Sections, 4th October, 1795.]
+
+The Marseillais began by driving from their posts several Swiss, who
+yielded without resistance; a few of the assailants fired upon them; some
+of the Swiss officers, seeing their men fall, and perhaps thinking the
+King was still at the Tuileries, gave the word to a whole battalion to
+fire.  The aggressors were thrown into disorder, and the Carrousel was
+cleared in a moment; but they soon returned, spurred on by rage and
+revenge.  The Swiss were but eight hundred strong; they fell back into the
+interior of the Chateau; some of the doors were battered in by the guns,
+others broken through with hatchets; the populace rushed from all quarters
+into the interior of the palace; almost all the Swiss were massacred; the
+nobles, flying through the gallery which leads to the Louvre, were either
+stabbed or shot, and the bodies thrown out of the windows.
+
+M. Pallas and M. de Marchais, ushers of the King's chamber, were killed in
+defending the door of the council chamber; many others of the King's
+servants fell victims to their fidelity.  I mention these two persons in
+particular because, with their hats pulled over their brows and their
+swords in their hands, they exclaimed, as they defended themselves with
+unavailing courage, "We will not survive!--this is our post; our duty is
+to die at it."  M. Diet behaved in the same manner at the door of the
+Queen's bedchamber; he experienced the same fate.  The Princesse de
+Tarente had fortunately opened the door of the apartments; otherwise, the
+dreadful band seeing several women collected in the Queen's salon would
+have fancied she was among us, and would have immediately massacred us had
+we resisted them.  We were, indeed, all about to perish, when a man with a
+long beard came up, exclaiming, in the name of Potion, "Spare the women;
+don't dishonour the nation!"  A particular circumstance placed me in
+greater danger than the others.  In my confusion I imagined, a moment
+before the assailants entered the Queen's apartments, that my sister was
+not among the group of women collected there; and I went up into an
+'entresol', where I supposed she had taken refuge, to induce her to come
+down, fancying it safer that we should not be separated.  I did not find
+her in the room in question; I saw there only our two femmes de chambre
+and one of the Queen's two heyducs, a man of great height and military
+aspect.  I saw that he was pale, and sitting on a bed.  I cried out to
+him, "Fly! the footmen and our people are already safe."--"I cannot," said
+the man to me; "I am dying of fear."  As he spoke I heard a number of men
+rushing hastily up the staircase; they threw themselves upon him, and I
+saw him assassinated.
+
+I ran towards the staircase, followed by our women.  The murderers left
+the heyduc to come to me.  The women threw themselves at their feet, and
+held their sabres.  The narrowness of the staircase impeded the assassins;
+but I had already felt a horrid hand thrust into my back to seize me by my
+clothes, when some one called out from the bottom of the staircase, "What
+are you doing above there?  We don't kill women."  I was on my knees; my
+executioner quitted his hold of me, and said, "Get up, you jade; the
+nation pardons you."
+
+The brutality of these words did not prevent my suddenly experiencing an
+indescribable feeling which partook almost equally of the love of life and
+the idea that I was going to see my son, and all that was dear to me,
+again.  A moment before I had thought less of death than of the pain which
+the steel, suspended over my head, would occasion me.  Death is seldom
+seen so close without striking his blow.  I heard every syllable uttered
+by the assassins, just as if I had been calm.
+
+Five or six men seized me and my companions, and, having made us get up on
+benches placed before the windows, ordered us to call out, "The nation for
+ever!"
+
+I passed over several corpses; I recognised that of the old Vicomte de
+Broves, to whom the Queen had sent me at the beginning of the night to
+desire him and another old man in her name to go home.  These brave men
+desired I would tell her Majesty that they had but too strictly obeyed the
+King's orders in all circumstances under which they ought to have exposed
+their own lives in order to preserve his; and that for this once they
+would not obey, though they would cherish the recollection of the Queen's
+goodness.
+
+Near the grille, on the side next the bridge, the men who conducted me
+asked whither I wished to go.  Upon my inquiring, in my turn, whether they
+were at liberty to take me wherever I might wish to go, one of them, a
+Marseillais, asked me, giving me at the same time a push with the butt end
+of his musket, whether I still doubted the power of the people?  I
+answered "No," and I mentioned the number of my brother-in-law's house. I
+saw my sister ascending the steps of the parapet of the bridge, surrounded
+by members of the National Guard.  I called to her, and she turned round.
+"Would you have her go with you?" said my guardian to me. I told him I did
+wish it.  They called the people who were leading my sister to prison; she
+joined me.
+
+Madame de la Roche-Aymon and her daughter, Mademoiselle Pauline de
+Tourzel, Madame de Ginestoux, lady to the Princesse de Lamballe, the other
+women of the Queen, and the old Comte d'Affry, were led off together to
+the Abbaye.
+
+Our progress from the Tuileries to my sister's house was most distressing.
+We saw several Swiss pursued and killed, and musket-shots were crossing
+each other in all directions.  We passed under the walls of the Louvre;
+they were firing from the parapet into the windows of the gallery, to hit
+the knights of the dagger; for thus did the populace designate those
+faithful subjects who had assembled at the Tuileries to defend the King.
+
+The brigands broke some vessels of water in the Queen's first antechamber;
+the mixture of blood and water stained the skirts of our white gowns.  The
+poissardes screamed after us in the streets that we were attached to the
+Austrian.  Our protectors then showed some consideration for us, and made
+us go up a gateway to pull off our gowns; but our petticoats being too
+short, and making us look like persons in disguise, other poissardes began
+to bawl out that we were young Swiss dressed up like women.  We then saw a
+tribe of female cannibals enter the street, carrying the head of poor
+Mandat.  Our guards made us hastily enter a little public-house, called
+for wine, and desired us to drink with them.  They assured the landlady
+that we were their sisters, and good patriots.  Happily the Marseillais
+had quitted us to return to the Tuileries.  One of the men who remained
+with us said to me in a low voice: "I am a gauze-worker in the faubourg.
+I was forced to march; I am not for all this; I have not killed anybody,
+and have rescued you.  You ran a great risk when we met the mad women who
+are carrying Mandat's head.  These horrible women said yesterday at
+midnight, upon the site of the Bastille, that they must have their revenge
+for the 6th of October, at Versailles, and that they had sworn to kill the
+Queen and all the women attached to her; the danger of the action saved
+you all."
+
+As I crossed the Carrousel, I saw my house in flames; but as soon as the
+first moment of affright was over, I thought no more of my personal
+misfortunes.  My ideas turned solely upon the dreadful situation of the
+Queen.
+
+On reaching my sister's we found all our family in despair, believing they
+should never see us again.  I could not remain in her house; some of the
+mob, collected round the door, exclaimed that Marie Antoinette's
+confidante was in the house, and that they must have her head.  I
+disguised myself, and was concealed in the house of M. Morel, secretary
+for the lotteries.  On the morrow I was inquired for there, in the name of
+the Queen.  A deputy, whose sentiments were known to her, took upon
+himself to find me out.
+
+I borrowed clothes, and went with my sister to the Feuillans--[A former
+monastery near the Tuileries, so called from the Bernardines, one of the
+Cistercian orders; later a revolutionary club.]--We got there at the same
+time with M. Thierry de Ville d'Avray, the King's first valet de chambre.
+We were taken into an office, where we wrote down our names and places of
+abode, and we received tickets for admission into the rooms belonging to
+Camus, the keeper of the Archives, where the King was with his family.
+
+As we entered the first room, a person who was there said to me, "Ah! you
+are a brave woman; but where is that Thierry,
+
+[M. Thierry, who never ceased to give his sovereign proofs of unalterable
+attachment, was one of the victims of the 2d of September.--MADAME
+CAMPAN.]
+
+that man loaded with his master's bounties?"--"He is here," said I; "he is
+following me.  I perceive that even scenes of death do not banish jealousy
+from among you."
+
+Having belonged to the Court from my earliest youth, I was known to many
+persons whom I did not know.  As I traversed a corridor above the
+cloisters which led to the cells inhabited by the unfortunate Louis XVI.
+and his family, several of the grenadiers called me by name.  One of them
+said to me, "Well, the poor King is lost!  The Comte d'Artois would have
+managed it better."--"Not at all," said another.
+
+The royal family occupied a small suite of apartments consisting of four
+cells, formerly belonging to the ancient monastery of the Feuillans.  In
+the first were the men who had accompanied the King: the Prince de Poix,
+the Baron d'Aubier, M. de Saint-Pardou, equerry to Madame Elisabeth, MM.
+de Goguelat, de Chamilly, and de Hue.  In the second we found the King; he
+was having his hair dressed; he took two locks of it, and gave one to my
+sister and one to me.  We offered to kiss his hand; he opposed it, and
+embraced us without saying anything.  In the third was the Queen, in bed,
+and in indescribable affliction.  We found her accompanied only by a stout
+woman, who appeared tolerably civil; she was the keeper of the apartments.
+She waited upon the Queen, who as yet had none of her own people about
+her.  Her Majesty stretched out her arms to us, saying, "Come, unfortunate
+women; come, and see one still more unhappy than yourselves, since she has
+been the cause of all your misfortunes.  We are ruined," continued she;
+"we have arrived at that point to which they have been leading us for
+three years, through all possible outrages; we shall fall in this dreadful
+revolution, and many others will perish after us. All have contributed to
+our downfall; the reformers have urged it like mad people, and others
+through ambition, for the wildest Jacobin seeks wealth and office, and the
+mob is eager for plunder.  There is not one real patriot among all this
+infamous horde.  The emigrant party have their intrigues and schemes;
+foreigners seek to profit by the dissensions of France; every one has a
+share in our misfortunes."
+
+The Dauphin came in with Madame and the Marquise de Tourzel.  On seeing
+them the Queen said to me, "Poor children!  how heartrending it is,
+instead of handing down to them so fine an inheritance, to say it ends
+with us!"  She afterwards conversed with me about the Tuileries and the
+persons who had fallen; she condescended also to mention the burning of my
+house.  I looked upon that loss as a mischance which ought not to dwell
+upon her mind, and I told her so.  She spoke of the Princesse de Tarente,
+whom she greatly loved and valued, of Madame de la Roche-Aymon and her
+daughter, of the other persons whom she had left at the palace, and of the
+Duchesse de Luynes, who was to have passed the night at the Tuileries.
+Respecting her she said, "Hers was one of the first heads turned by the
+rage for that mischievous philosophy; but her heart brought her back, and
+I again found a friend in her."
+
+[During the Reign of Terror I withdrew to the Chateau de Coubertin, near
+that of Dampierre.  The Duchesse de Luynes frequently came to ask me to
+tell her what the Queen had said about her at the Feuillans.  She would
+say as she went away, "I have often need to request you to repeat those
+words of the Queen."--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+I asked the Queen what the ambassadors from foreign powers had done under
+existing circumstances.  She told me that they could do nothing; and that
+the wife of the English ambassador had just given her a proof of the
+personal interest she took in her welfare by sending her linen for her
+son.
+
+I informed her that, in the pillaging of my house, all my accounts with
+her had been thrown into the Carrousel, and that every sheet of my month's
+expenditure was signed by her, sometimes leaving four or five inches of
+blank paper above her signature, a circumstance which rendered me very
+uneasy, from an apprehension that an improper use might be made of those
+signatures.  She desired me to demand admission to the committee of
+general safety, and to make this declaration there.  I repaired thither
+instantly and found a deputy, with whose name I have never become
+acquainted.  After hearing me he said that he would not receive my
+deposition; that Marie Antoinette was now nothing more than any other
+Frenchwoman; and that if any of those detached papers bearing her
+signature should be misapplied, she would have, at a future period, a
+right to lodge a complaint, and to support her declaration by the facts
+which I had just related.  The Queen then regretted having sent me, and
+feared that she had, by her very caution, pointed out a method of
+fabricating forgeries which might be dangerous to her; then again she
+exclaimed, "My apprehensions are as absurd as the step I made you take.
+They need nothing more for our ruin; all has been told."
+
+She gave us details of what had taken place subsequently to the King's
+arrival at the Assembly.  They are all well known, and I have no occasion
+to record them; I will merely mention that she told us, though with much
+delicacy, that she was not a little hurt at the King's conduct since he
+had quitted the Tuileries; that his habit of laying no restraint upon his
+great appetite had prompted him to eat as if he had been at his palace;
+that those who did not know him as she did, did not feel the piety and the
+magnanimity of his resignation, all which produced so bad an effect that
+deputies who were devoted to him had warned him of it; but no change could
+be effected.
+
+I still see in imagination, and shall always see, that narrow cell at the
+Feuillans, hung with green paper, that wretched couch whence the
+dethroned, Queen stretched out her arms to us, saying that our
+misfortunes, of which she was the cause, increased her own.  There, for
+the last time, I saw the tears, I heard the sobs of her whom high birth,
+natural endowments, and, above all, goodness of heart, had seemed to
+destine to adorn any throne, and be the happiness of any people!  It is
+impossible for those who lived with Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette not to
+be fully convinced, while doing full justice to the King's virtues, that
+if the Queen had been from the moment of her arrival in France the object
+of the care and affection of a prince of decision and authority, she would
+have only added to the glory of his reign.
+
+What affecting things I have heard the Queen say in the affliction caused
+her by the belief of part of the Court and the whole of the people that
+she did not love France!  How did that opinion shock those who knew her
+heart and her sentiments!  Twice did I see her on the point of going from
+her apartments in the Tuileries into the gardens, to address the immense
+throng constantly assembled there to insult her.  "Yes," exclaimed she, as
+she paced her chamber with hurried steps, "I will say to them Frenchmen,
+they have had the cruelty to persuade you that I do not love France!--I!
+the mother of a Dauphin who will reign over this noble country!--I! whom
+Providence has seated upon the most powerful throne of Europe!  Of all the
+daughters of Maria Theresa am I not that one whom fortune has most highly
+favoured?  And ought I not to feel all these advantages?  What should I
+find at Vienna?  Nothing but sepulchres!  What should I lose in France?
+Everything which can confer glory!"
+
+I protest I only repeat her own words; the soundness of her judgment soon
+pointed out to her the dangers of such a proceeding.  "I should descend
+from the throne," said she, "merely, perhaps, to excite a momentary
+sympathy, which the factious would soon render more injurious than
+beneficial to me."
+
+Yes, not only did Marie Antoinette love France, but few women took greater
+pride in the courage of Frenchmen.  I could adduce a multitude of proofs
+of this; I will relate two traits which demonstrate the noblest
+enthusiasm: The Queen was telling me that, at the coronation of the
+Emperor Francis II., that Prince, bespeaking the admiration of a French
+general officer, who was then an emigrant, for the fine appearance of his
+troops, said to him, "There are the men to beat your sans culottes!" "That
+remains to be seen, Sire," instantly replied the officer.  The Queen
+added, "I don't know the name of that brave Frenchman, but I will learn
+it; the King ought to be in possession of it."  As she was reading the
+public papers a few days before the 10th of August, she observed that
+mention was made of the courage of a young man who died in defending the
+flag he carried, and shouting, "Vive la Nation!"--"Ah! the fine lad!" said
+the Queen; "what a happiness it would have been for us if such men had
+never left off crying, 'Vive de Roi!'"
+
+In all that I have hitherto said of this most unfortunate of women and of
+queens, those who did not live with her, those who knew her but partially,
+and especially the majority of foreigners, prejudiced by infamous libels,
+may imagine I have thought it my duty to sacrifice truth on the altar of
+gratitude.  Fortunately I can invoke unexceptionable witnesses; they will
+declare whether what I assert that I have seen and heard appears to them
+either untrue or improbable.
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+A man born solely to contradict
+Alas! her griefs double mine!
+He is afraid to command
+His ruin was resolved on; they passed to the order of the day
+King (gave) the fatal order to the Swiss to cease firing
+La Fayette to rescue the royal family and convey them to Rouen
+Prevent disorder from organising itself
+The emigrant party have their intrigues and schemes
+There is not one real patriot among all this infamous horde
+Those who did it should not pretend to wish to remedy it
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Queen
+Of France, Volume 6, by Madame Campan
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARIE ANTOINETTE ***
+
+***** This file should be named 3889.txt or 3889.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/8/3889/
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/3889.zip b/3889.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8ce324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3889.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f441ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #3889 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3889)
diff --git a/old/cm52b10.txt b/old/cm52b10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7df28a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/cm52b10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3055 @@
+The Project Gutenberg Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, v6
+#6 in our series by Madam Campan
+#52 in our series Historic Court Memoirs
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check
+the laws for your country before redistributing these files!!!!!
+
+Please take a look at the important information in this header.
+We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an
+electronic path open for the next readers.
+
+Please do not remove this.
+
+This should be the first thing seen when anyone opens the book.
+Do not change or edit it without written permission.  The words
+are carefully chosen to provide users with the information they
+need about what they can legally do with the texts.
+
+
+**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
+
+**Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
+
+*****These Etexts Are Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!*****
+
+Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and
+further information is included below, including for donations.
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a 501(c)(3)
+organization with EIN [Employee Identification Number] 64-6221541
+
+
+
+Title: The Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, v6
+
+Author: Madame Campan
+
+Official Release Date: March, 2003  [Etext #3889]
+[Yes, we are about one year ahead of schedule]
+[The actual date this file first posted = 07/29/01]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+The Project Gutenberg Etext Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, by Campan, v6
+*********This file should be named cm52b10.txt or cm52b10.zip*********
+
+Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, cm52b11.txt
+VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, cm52b10a.txt
+
+This etext was produced by David Widger <widger@cecomet.net>
+
+Project Gutenberg Etexts are usually created from multiple editions,
+all of which are in the Public Domain in the United States, unless a
+copyright notice is included.  Therefore, we usually do NOT keep any
+of these books in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+We are now trying to release all our books one year in advance
+of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing.
+Please be encouraged to send us error messages even years after
+the official publication date.
+
+Please note neither this listing nor its contents are final til
+midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement.
+The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at
+Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month.  A
+preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment
+and editing by those who wish to do so.
+
+Most people start at our sites at:
+http://gutenberg.net
+http://promo.net/pg
+
+
+Those of you who want to download any Etext before announcement
+can surf to them as follows, and just download by date; this is
+also a good way to get them instantly upon announcement, as the
+indexes our cataloguers produce obviously take a while after an
+announcement goes out in the Project Gutenberg Newsletter.
+
+http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext03
+or
+ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext03
+
+Or /etext02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90
+
+Just search by the first five letters of the filename you want,
+as it appears in our Newsletters.
+
+
+Information about Project Gutenberg (one page)
+
+We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work.  The
+time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours
+to get any etext selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright
+searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc.  This
+projected audience is one hundred million readers.  If our value
+per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2
+million dollars per hour this year as we release fifty new Etext
+files per month, or 500 more Etexts in 2000 for a total of 3000+
+If they reach just 1-2% of the world's population then the total
+should reach over 300 billion Etexts given away by year's end.
+
+The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away One Trillion Etext
+Files by December 31, 2001.  [10,000 x 100,000,000 = 1 Trillion]
+This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers,
+which is only about 4% of the present number of computer users.
+
+At our revised rates of production, we will reach only one-third
+of that goal by the end of 2001, or about 4,000 Etexts unless we
+manage to get some real funding.
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been created
+to secure a future for Project Gutenberg into the next millennium.
+
+We need your donations more than ever!
+
+As of July 12, 2001 contributions are only being solicited from people in:
+Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho,
+Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota,
+Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North
+Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota,
+Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia,
+Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
+
+We have filed in about 45 states now, but these are the only ones
+that have responded.
+
+As the requirements for other states are met,
+additions to this list will be made and fund raising
+will begin in the additional states.  Please feel
+free to ask to check the status of your state.
+
+In answer to various questions we have received on this:
+
+We are constantly working on finishing the paperwork
+to legally request donations in all 50 states.  If
+your state is not listed and you would like to know
+if we have added it since the list you have, just ask.
+
+While we cannot solicit donations from people in
+states where we are not yet registered, we know
+of no prohibition against accepting donations
+from donors in these states who approach us with
+an offer to donate.
+
+
+International donations are accepted,
+but we don't know ANYTHING about how
+to make them tax-deductible, or
+even if they CAN be made deductible,
+and don't have the staff to handle it
+even if there are ways.
+
+All donations should be made to:
+
+Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+PMB 113
+1739 University Ave.
+Oxford, MS 38655-4109
+
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a 501(c)(3)
+organization with EIN [Employee Identification Number] 64-6221541,
+and has been approved as a 501(c)(3) organization by the US Internal
+Revenue Service (IRS).  Donations are tax-deductible to the maximum
+extent permitted by law.  As the requirements for other states are met,
+additions to this list will be made and fund raising will begin in the
+additional states.
+
+We need your donations more than ever!
+
+You can get up to date donation information at:
+
+http://www.gutenberg.net/donation.html
+
+
+***
+
+If you can't reach Project Gutenberg,
+you can always email directly to:
+
+Michael S. Hart <hart@pobox.com>
+
+hart@pobox.com forwards to hart@prairienet.org and archive.org
+if your mail bounces from archive.org, I will still see it, if
+it bounces from prairienet.org, better resend later on. . . .
+
+Prof. Hart will answer or forward your message.
+
+We would prefer to send you information by email.
+
+
+***
+
+
+Example command-line FTP session:
+
+ftp ftp.ibiblio.org
+login: anonymous
+password: your@login
+cd pub/docs/books/gutenberg
+cd etext90 through etext99 or etext00 through etext02, etc.
+dir [to see files]
+get or mget [to get files. . .set bin for zip files]
+GET GUTINDEX.??  [to get a year's listing of books, e.g., GUTINDEX.99]
+GET GUTINDEX.ALL [to get a listing of ALL books]
+
+
+**The Legal Small Print**
+
+
+(Three Pages)
+
+***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS**START***
+Why is this "Small Print!" statement here?  You know: lawyers.
+They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with
+your copy of this etext, even if you got it for free from
+someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our
+fault.  So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement
+disclaims most of our liability to you.  It also tells you how
+you may distribute copies of this etext if you want to.
+
+*BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS ETEXT
+By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
+etext, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept
+this "Small Print!" statement.  If you do not, you can receive
+a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this etext by
+sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person
+you got it from.  If you received this etext on a physical
+medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request.
+
+ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM ETEXTS
+This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etexts,
+is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor Michael S. Hart
+through the Project Gutenberg Association (the "Project").
+Among other things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright
+on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and
+distribute it in the United States without permission and
+without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules, set forth
+below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this etext
+under the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark.
+
+Please do not use the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark to market
+any commercial products without permission.
+
+To create these etexts, the Project expends considerable
+efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain
+works.  Despite these efforts, the Project's etexts and any
+medium they may be on may contain "Defects".  Among other
+things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
+intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged
+disk or other etext medium, a computer virus, or computer
+codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.
+
+LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES
+But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below,
+[1] Michael Hart and the Foundation (and any other party you may
+receive this etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext) disclaims
+all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including
+legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR
+UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT,
+INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
+OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+If you discover a Defect in this etext within 90 days of
+receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any)
+you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that
+time to the person you received it from.  If you received it
+on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and
+such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement
+copy.  If you received it electronically, such person may
+choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to
+receive it electronically.
+
+THIS ETEXT IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS".  NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS
+TO THE ETEXT OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or
+the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the
+above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you
+may have other legal rights.
+
+INDEMNITY
+You will indemnify and hold Michael Hart, the Foundation,
+and its trustees and agents, and any volunteers associated
+with the production and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
+texts harmless, from all liability, cost and expense, including
+legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the
+following that you do or cause:  [1] distribution of this etext,
+[2] alteration, modification, or addition to the etext,
+or [3] any Defect.
+
+DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm"
+You may distribute copies of this etext electronically, or by
+disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this
+"Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg,
+or:
+
+[1]  Only give exact copies of it.  Among other things, this
+     requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the
+     etext or this "small print!" statement.  You may however,
+     if you wish, distribute this etext in machine readable
+     binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form,
+     including any form resulting from conversion by word
+     processing or hypertext software, but only so long as
+     *EITHER*:
+
+     [*]  The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and
+          does *not* contain characters other than those
+          intended by the author of the work, although tilde
+          (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may
+          be used to convey punctuation intended by the
+          author, and additional characters may be used to
+          indicate hypertext links; OR
+
+     [*]  The etext may be readily converted by the reader at
+          no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent
+          form by the program that displays the etext (as is
+          the case, for instance, with most word processors);
+          OR
+
+     [*]  You provide, or agree to also provide on request at
+          no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the
+          etext in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC
+          or other equivalent proprietary form).
+
+[2]  Honor the etext refund and replacement provisions of this
+     "Small Print!" statement.
+
+[3]  Pay a trademark license fee to the Foundation of 20% of the
+     gross profits you derive calculated using the method you
+     already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  If you
+     don't derive profits, no royalty is due.  Royalties are
+     payable to "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation"
+     the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were
+     legally required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent
+     periodic) tax return.  Please contact us beforehand to
+     let us know your plans and to work out the details.
+
+WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO?
+Project Gutenberg is dedicated to increasing the number of
+public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed
+in machine readable form.
+
+The Project gratefully accepts contributions of money, time,
+public domain materials, or royalty free copyright licenses.
+Money should be paid to the:
+"Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+If you are interested in contributing scanning equipment or
+software or other items, please contact Michael Hart at:
+hart@pobox.com
+
+[Portions of this header are copyright (C) 2001 by Michael S. Hart
+and may be reprinted only when these Etexts are free of all fees.]
+[Project Gutenberg is a TradeMark and may not be used in any sales
+of Project Gutenberg Etexts or other materials be they hardware or
+software or any other related product without express permission.]
+
+*END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.07/27/01*END*
+
+
+
+
+
+This etext was produced by David Widger <widger@cecomet.net>
+
+
+
+
+
+[NOTE: There is a short list of bookmarks, or pointers, at the end of the
+file for those who may wish to sample the author's ideas before making an
+entire meal of them.  D.W.]
+
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, QUEEN OF FRANCE
+
+Being the Historic Memoirs of Madam Campan,
+First Lady in Waiting to the Queen
+
+
+
+BOOK 6.
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+In the beginning of the spring of 1791, the King, tired of remaining at
+the Tuileries, wished to return to St. Cloud.  His whole household had
+already gone, and his dinner was prepared there.  He got into his
+carriage at one; the guard mutinied, shut the gates, and declared they
+would not let him pass.  This event certainly proceeded from some
+suspicion of a plan to escape.  Two persons who drew near the King's
+carriage were very ill treated.  My father-in-law was violently laid hold
+of by the guards, who took his sword from him.  The King and his family
+were obliged to alight and return to their apartments.
+
+They did not much regret this outrage in their hearts; they saw in it a
+justification, even in the eyes of the people, of their intention to
+leave Paris.
+
+So early as the month of March in the same year, the Queen began to busy
+herself in preparing for her departure.  I spent that month with her,
+and executed a great number of secret orders which she gave me respecting
+the intended event.  It was with uneasiness that I saw her occupied with
+cares which seemed to me useless, and even dangerous, and I remarked to
+her that the Queen of France would find linen and gowns everywhere.
+My observations were made in vain; she determined to have a complete
+wardrobe with her at Brussels, as well for her children as herself.
+I went out alone and almost disguised to purchase the articles necessary
+and have them made up.
+
+I ordered six chemises at the shop of one seamstress, six at that of
+another, gowns, combing cloths, etc.  My sister had a complete set of
+clothes made for Madame, by the measure of her eldest daughter, and I
+ordered clothes for the Dauphin from those of my son.  I filled a trunk
+with these things, and addressed them, by the Queen's orders, to one of
+her women, my aunt, Madame Cardon,--a widow living at Arras, by virtue of
+an unlimited leave of absence,--in order that she might be ready to start
+for Brussels, or any other place, as soon as she should be directed to do
+so.  This lady had landed property in Austrian Flanders, and could at any
+time quit Arras unobserved.
+
+The Queen was to take only her first woman in attendance with her from
+Paris.  She apprised me that if I should not be on duty at the moment of
+departure, she would make arrangements for my joining her.  She
+determined also to take her travelling dressing-case.  She consulted me
+on her idea of sending it off, under pretence of making a present of it
+to the Archduchess Christina, Gouvernante of the Netherlands.  I ventured
+to oppose this plan strongly, and observed that, amidst so many people
+who watched her slightest actions, there would be found a sufficient
+number sharp-sighted enough to discover that it was only a pretext for
+sending away the property in question before her own departure;
+she persisted in her intention, and all I could arrange was that the
+dressing-case should not be removed from her apartment, and that M. de
+charge d'afaires from the Court of Vienna during the absence of the Comte
+de Mercy, should come and ask her, at her toilet, before all her people,
+to order one exactly like her own for Madame the Gouvernante of the
+Netherlands.  The Queen, therefore, commanded me before the charge
+d'affaires to order the article in question.  This occasioned only an
+expense of five hundred louis, and appeared calculated to lull suspicion
+completely.
+
+About the middle of May, 1791, a month after the Queen had ordered me to
+bespeak the dressing-case, she asked me whether it would soon be
+finished.  I sent for the ivory-turner who had it in hand.  He could not
+complete it for six weeks.  I informed the Queen of this, and she told me
+she should not be able to wait for it, as she was to set out in the
+course of June.  She added that, as she had ordered her sister's
+dressing-case in the presence of all her attendants, she had taken a
+sufficient precaution, especially by saying that her sister was out of
+patience at not receiving it, and that therefore her own must be emptied
+and cleaned, and taken to the charge d'affaires, who would send it off.
+I executed this order without any, appearance of mystery.  I desired the
+wardrobe woman to take out of the dressing-case all that it contained,
+because that intended for the Archduchess could not be finished for some
+time; and to take great care to leave no remains of the perfumes which
+might not suit that Princess.
+
+The woman in question executed her commission punctually; but, on the
+evening of that very day, the 15th of May, 1791, she informed M. Bailly,
+the Mayor of Paris, that preparations were making at the Queen's
+residence for a departure; and that the dressing-case was already sent
+off, under pretence of its being presented to the Archduchess Christina.
+
+     [After the return from Varennes M. Bailly put this woman's
+     deposition into the Queen's hands.--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+It was necessary, likewise, to send off all the diamonds belonging to the
+Queen.  Her Majesty shut herself up with me in a closet in the entresol,
+looking into the garden of the Tuileries, and we packed all the diamonds,
+rubies, and pearls she possessed in a small chest.  The cases containing
+these ornaments, being altogether of considerable bulk, had been
+deposited, ever since the 6th of October, 1789, with the valet de chambre
+who had the care of the Queen's jewels.  That faithful servant, himself
+detecting the use that was to be made of the valuables, destroyed all the
+boxes, which were, as usual, covered with red morocco, marked with the
+cipher and arms of France.  It would have been impossible for him to hide
+them from the eyes of the popular inquisitors during the domiciliary
+visits in January, 1793, and the discovery might have formed a ground of
+accusation against the Queen.
+
+I had but a few articles to place in the box when the Queen was compelled
+to desist from packing it, being obliged to go down to cards, which began
+at seven precisely.  She therefore desired me to leave all the diamonds
+upon the sofa, persuaded that, as she took the key of her closet herself,
+and there was a sentinel under the window, no danger was to be
+apprehended for that night, and she reckoned upon returning very early
+next day to finish the work.
+
+The same woman who had given information of the sending away of the
+dressing-case was also deputed by the Queen to take care of her more
+private rooms.  No other servant was permitted to enter them; she renewed
+the flowers, swept the carpets, etc.  The Queen received back the key,
+when the woman had finished putting them in order, from her own hands;
+but, desirous of doing her duty well, and sometimes having the key in her
+possession for a few minutes only, she had probably on that account
+ordered one without the Queen's knowledge.  It is impossible not to
+believe this, since the despatch of the diamonds was the subject of a
+second accusation which the Queen heard of after the return from
+Varennes.  She made a formal declaration that her Majesty, with the
+assistance of Madame Campan, had packed up all her jewelry some time
+before the departure; that she was certain of it, as she had found the
+diamonds, and the cotton which served to wrap them, scattered upon the
+sofa in the Queen's closet in the 'entresol'; and most assuredly she
+could only have seen these preparations in the interval between seven in
+the evening and seven in the morning.  The Queen having met me next day
+at the time appointed, the box was handed over to Leonard, her Majesty's
+hairdresser,--[This unfortunate man, after having emigrated for some
+time, returned to France, and perished upon the scaffold.--NOTE BY
+EDITOR]--who left the country with the Duc de Choiseul.  The box
+remained a long time at Brussels, and at length got into the hands of
+Madame la Duchesse d'Angouleme, being delivered to her by the Emperor on
+her arrival at Vienna.
+
+In order not to leave out any of the Queen's diamonds, I requested the
+first tirewoman to give me the body of the full dress, and all the
+assortment which served for the stomacher of the full dress on days of
+state, articles which always remained at the wardrobe.
+
+The superintendent and the dame d'honneur being absent, the first
+tirewoman required me to sign a receipt, the terms of which she dictated,
+and which acquitted her of all responsibility for these diamonds.
+She had the prudence to burn this document on the 10th of August, 1792.
+--[The date of the sack of the Tuileries and slaughter of the Swiss
+Guard]--The Queen having determined, upon the arrest at Varennes, not to
+have her diamonds brought back to France, was often anxious about them
+during the year which elapsed between that period and the 10th of August,
+and dreaded above all things that such a secret should be discovered.
+
+In consequence of a decree of the Assembly, which deprived the King of
+the custody of the Crown diamonds, the Queen had at this time already
+given up those which she generally used.
+
+She preferred the twelve brilliants called Hazarins, from the name of the
+Cardinal who had enriched the treasury with them, a few rose-cut
+diamonds, and the Sanci.  She determined to deliver, with her own hands,
+the box containing them to the commissioner nominated by the National
+Assembly to place them with the Crown diamonds.  After giving them to
+him, she offered him a row of pearls of great beauty, saying to him that
+it had been brought into France by Anne of Austria; that it was
+invaluable, on account of its rarity; that, having been appropriated by
+that Princess to the use of the Queens and Dauphinesses, Louis XV.  had
+placed it in her hands on her arrival in France; but that she considered
+it national property.  "That is an open question, Madame," said the
+commissary.  "Monsieur," replied the Queen, "it is one for me to decide,
+and is now settled."
+
+My father-in-law, who was dying of the grief he felt for the misfortunes
+of his master and mistress, strongly interested and occupied the thoughts
+of the Queen.  He had been saved from the fury of the populace in the
+courtyard of the Tuileries.
+
+On the day on which the King was compelled by an insurrection to give up
+a journey to St. Cloud, her Majesty looked upon this trusty servant as
+inevitably lost, if, on going away, she should leave him in the apartment
+he occupied in the Tuileries.  Prompted by her apprehensions, she ordered
+M. Vicq-d'Azyr, her physician, to recommend him the waters of Mont d'Or
+in Auvergne, and to persuade him to set off at the latter end of May.
+At the moment of my going away the Queen assured me that the grand
+project would be executed between the 15th and the 20th of June; that as
+it was not my month to be on duty, Madame Thibaut would take the journey;
+but that she had many directions to give me before I went.  She then
+desired me to write to my aunt, Madame Cardon, who was by that time in
+possession of the clothes which I had ordered, that as soon as she should
+receive a letter from M. Augur, the date of which should be accompanied
+with a B, an L, or an M, she was to proceed with her property to
+Brussels, Luxembourg, or Montmedy.  She desired me to explain the meaning
+of these three letters clearly to my sister, and to leave them with her
+in writing, in order that at the moment of my going away she might be
+able to take my place in writing to Arras.
+
+The Queen had a more delicate commission for me; it was to select from
+among my acquaintance a prudent person of obscure rank, wholly devoted to
+the interests of the Court, who would be willing to receive a portfolio
+which she was to give up only to me, or some one furnished with a note
+from the Queen.  She added that she would not travel with this portfolio,
+and that it was of the utmost importance that my opinion of the fidelity
+of the person to whom it was to be entrusted should be well founded.  I
+proposed to her Madame Vallayer Coster, a painter of the Academy, and an
+amiable and worthy artist, whom I had known from my infancy.  She lived
+in the galleries of the Louvre.  The choice seemed a good one.  The Queen
+remembered that she had made her marriage possible by giving her a place
+in the financial offices, and added that gratitude ought sometimes to be
+reckoned on.  She then pointed out to me the valet belonging to her
+toilet, whom I was to take with me, to show him the residence of Madame
+Coster, so that he might not mistake it when he should take the portfolio
+to her.  The day before her departure the Queen particularly recommended
+me to proceed to Lyons and the frontiers as soon as she should have
+started.  She advised me to take with me a confidential person, fit to
+remain with M. Campan when I should leave him, and assured me that she
+would give orders to M. ------ to set off as soon as she should be known
+to be at the frontiers in order to protect me in going out.  She
+condescended to add that, having a long journey to make in foreign
+countries, she determined to give me three hundred louis.
+
+I bathed the Queen's hands with tears at the moment of this sorrowful
+separation; and, having money at my disposal, I declined accepting her
+gold.  I did not dread the road I had to travel in order to rejoin her;
+all my apprehension was that by treachery or miscalculation a scheme, the
+safety of which was not sufficiently clear to me, should fail.  I could
+answer for all those who belonged to the service immediately about the
+Queen's person, and I was right; but her wardrobe woman gave me well-
+founded reason for alarm.  I mentioned to the Queen many revolutionary
+remarks which this woman had made to me a few days before.  Her office
+was directly under the control of the first femme de chambre, yet she had
+refused to obey the directions I gave her, talking insolently to me about
+"hierarchy overturned, equality among men," of course more especially
+among persons holding offices at Court; and this jargon, at that time in
+the mouths of all the partisans of the Revolution, was terminated by an
+observation which frightened me.  "You know many important secrets,
+madame," said this woman to me, "and I have guessed quite as many.  I am
+not a fool; I see all that is going forward here in consequence of the
+bad advice given to the King and Queen; I could frustrate it all if I
+chose."  This argument, in which I had been promptly silenced, left me
+pale and trembling.  Unfortunately, as I began my narrative to the Queen
+with particulars of this woman's refusal to obey me,--and sovereigns are
+all their lives importuned with complaints upon the rights of places,--
+she believed that my own dissatisfaction had much to do with the step
+I was taking; and she did not sufficiently fear the woman.  Her office,
+although a very inferior one, brought her in nearly fifteen thousand
+francs a year.  Still young, tolerably handsome, with comfortable
+apartments in the entresols of the Tuileries, she saw a great deal of
+company, and in the evening had assemblies, consisting of deputies of the
+revolutionary party.  M. de Gouvion, major-general of the National Guard,
+passed almost every day with her; and it is to be presumed that she had
+long worked for the party in opposition to the Court.  The Queen asked
+her for the key of a door which led to the principal vestibule of the
+Tuileries, telling her she wished to have a similar one, that she might
+not be under the necessity of going out through the pavilion of Flora.
+M. de Gouvion and M. de La Fayette would, of course, be apprised of this
+circumstance, and well-informed persons have assured me that on the very
+night of the Queen's departure this wretched woman had a spy with her,
+who saw the royal family set off.
+
+As soon as I had executed all the Queen's orders, on the 30th of May,
+1791, I set out for Auvergne, and was settled in the gloomy narrow valley
+of Mont d'Or, when, about four in the afternoon of the 25th of June,
+I heard the beat of a drum to call the inhabitants of the hamlet
+together.  When it had ceased I heard a hairdresser from Bresse proclaim
+in the provincial dialect of Auvergne: "The King and Queen were taking
+flight in order to ruin France, but I come to tell you that they are
+stopped, and are well guarded by a hundred thousand men under arms."  I
+still ventured to hope that he was repeating only a false report, but he
+went on: "The Queen," with her well-known haughtiness, lifted up the veil
+which covered her face, and said to the citizens who were upbraiding the
+King, "Well, since you recognise your sovereign, respect him."  Upon
+hearing these expressions, which the Jacobin club of Clermont could not
+have invented, I exclaimed, "The news is true!"
+
+I immediately learnt that, a courier being come from Paris to Clermont,
+the 'procureur' of the commune had sent off messengers to the chief
+places of the canton; these again sent couriers to the districts, and the
+districts in like manner informed the villages and hamlets which they
+contained.  It was through this ramification, arising from the
+establishment of clubs, that the afflicting intelligence of the
+misfortune of my sovereigns reached me in the wildest part of France,
+and in the midst of the snows by which we were environed.
+
+On the 28th I received a note written in a hand which I recognised as
+that of M. Diet,--[This officer was slain in the Queen's chamber on the
+10th of August]--usher of the Queen's chamber, but dictated by her
+Majesty.  It contained these words: "I am this moment arrived; I have
+just got into my bath; I and my family exist, that is all.  I have
+suffered much.  Do not return to Paris until I desire you.  Take good
+care of my poor Campan, soothe his sorrow.  Look for happier times."
+This note was for greater safety addressed to my father-in-law's valet-de
+-chambre.  What were my feelings on perceiving that after the most
+distressing crisis we were among the first objects of the kindness of
+that unfortunate Princess!
+
+M. Campan having been unable to benefit by the waters of Mont d'Or, and
+the first popular effervescence having subsided, I thought I might return
+to Clermont.  The committee of surveillance, or that of general safety,
+had resolved to arrest me there; but the Abbe Louis, formerly a
+parliamentary counsellor, and then a member of the Constituent Assembly,
+was kind enough to affirm that I was in Auvergne solely for the purpose
+of attending my father-in-law, who was extremely ill.  The precautions
+relative to my absence from Paris were limited to placing us under the
+surveillance of the 'procureur' of the commune, who was at the same time
+president of the Jacobin club; but he was also a physician of repute, and
+without having any doubt that he had received secret orders relative to
+me, I thought it would favour the chances of our safety if I selected him
+to attend my patient.  I paid him according to the rate given to the best
+Paris physicians, and I requested him to visit us every morning and every
+evening.  I took the precaution to subscribe to no other newspaper than
+the Moniteur.  Doctor Monestier (for that was the physician's name)
+frequently took upon himself to read it to us.  Whenever he thought
+proper to speak of the King and Queen in the insulting and brutal terms
+at that time unfortunately adopted throughout France, I used to stop him
+and say, coolly, "Monsieur, you are here in company with the servants of
+Louis XVI.  and Marie Antoinette.  Whatever may be the wrongs with which
+the nation believes it has to reproach them, our principles forbid our
+losing sight of the respect due to them from us."  Notwithstanding that
+he was an inveterate patriot, he felt the force of this remark, and even
+procured the revocation of a second order for our arrest, becoming
+responsible for us to the committee of the Assembly, and to the Jacobin
+society.
+
+The two chief women about the Dauphin, who had accompanied the Queen to
+Varennes, Diet, her usher, and Camot, her garcon de toilette,--the women
+on account of the journey, and the men in consequence of the denunciation
+of the woman belonging to the wardrobe,--were sent to the prisons of the
+Abbaye.  After my departure the garcon de toilette whom I had taken to
+Madame Vallayer Coster's was sent there with the portfolio she had agreed
+to receive.  This commission could not escape the detestable spy upon the
+Queen.  She gave information that a portfolio had been carried out on the
+evening of the departure, adding that the King had placed it upon the
+Queen's easy-chair, that the garcon de toilette wrapped it up in a napkin
+and took it under his arm, and that she did not know where he had carried
+it.  The man, who was remarkable for his fidelity, underwent three
+examinations without making the slightest disclosure.  M. Diet, a man of
+good family, a servant on whom the Queen placed particular reliance,
+likewise experienced the severest treatment.  At length, after a lapse of
+three weeks, the Queen succeeded in obtaining the release of her
+servants.
+
+The Queen, about the 15th of August, had me informed by letter that I
+might come back to Paris without being under any apprehension of arrest
+there, and that she greatly desired my return.  I brought my father-in-
+law back in a dying state, and on the day preceding that of the
+acceptation of the constitutional act, I informed the Queen that he was
+no more.  "The loss of Lassonne and Campan," said she, as she applied her
+handkerchief to her streaming eyes, "has taught me how valuable such
+subjects are to their masters.  I shall never find their equals."
+
+I resumed my functions about the Queen on the 1st of September, 1791.
+She was unable then to converse with me on all the lamentable events
+which had occurred since the time of my leaving her, having on guard near
+her an officer whom she dreaded more than all the others.  She merely
+told me that I should have some secret services to perform for her, and
+that she would not create uneasiness by long conversations with me, my
+return being a subject of suspicion.  But next day the Queen, well
+knowing the discretion of the officer who was to be on guard that night,
+had my bed placed very near hers, and having obtained the favour of
+having the door shut, when I was in bed she began the narrative of the
+journey, and the unfortunate arrest at Varennes.  I asked her permission
+to put on my gown, and kneeling by her bedside I remained until three
+o'clock in the morning, listening with the liveliest and most sorrowful
+interest to the account I am about to repeat, and of which I have seen
+various details, of tolerable exactness, in papers of the time.
+
+The King entrusted Count Fersen with all the preparations for departure.
+The carriage was ordered by him; the passport, in the name of Madame de
+Korf, was procured through his connection with that lady, who was a
+foreigner.  And lastly, he himself drove the royal family, as their
+coachman, as far as Bondy, where the travellers got into their berlin.
+Madame Brunier and Madame Neuville, the first women of Madame and the
+Dauphin, there joined the principal carriage.  They were in a cabriolet.
+Monsieur and Madame set out from the Luxembourg and took another road.
+They as well as the King were recognised by the master of the last post
+in France, but this man, devoting himself to the fortunes of the Prince,
+left the French territory, and drove them himself as postilion.  Madame
+Thibaut, the Queen's first woman, reached Brussels without the slightest
+difficulty.  Madame Cardon, from Arras, met with no hindrance; and
+Leonard, the Queen's hairdresser, passed through Varennes a few hours
+before the royal family.  Fate had reserved all its obstacles for the
+unfortunate monarch.
+
+Nothing worthy of notice occurred in the beginning of the journey.  The
+travellers were detained a short time, about twelve leagues from Paris,
+by some repairs which the carriage required.  The King chose to walk up
+one of the hills, and these two circumstances caused a delay of three
+hours, precisely at the time when it was intended that the berlin should
+have been met, just before reaching Varennes, by the detachment commanded
+by M. de Goguelat.  This detachment was punctually stationed upon the
+spot fixed on, with orders to wait there for the arrival of certain
+treasure, which it was to escort; but the peasantry of the neighbourhood,
+alarmed at the sight of this body of troops, came armed with staves, and
+asked several questions, which manifested their anxiety.  M. de Goguelat,
+fearful of causing a riot, and not finding the carriage arrive as he
+expected, divided his men into two companies, and unfortunately made them
+leave the highway in order to return to Varennes by two cross roads.
+The King looked out of the carriage at Ste. Menehould, and asked several
+questions concerning the road.  Drouet, the post-master, struck by the
+resemblance of Louis to the impression of his head upon the assignats,
+drew near the carriage, felt convinced that he recognised the Queen also,
+and that the remainder of the travellers consisted of the royal family
+and their suite, mounted his horse, reached Varennes by cross roads
+before the royal fugitives, and gave the alarm.--[Varennes lies between
+Verdun and Montmedy, and not far from the French frontier.]
+
+The Queen began to feel all the agonies of terror; they were augmented by
+the voice of a person unknown, who, passing close to the carriage in full
+gallop, cried out, bending towards the window without slackening his
+speed, "You are recognised!"  They arrived with beating hearts at the
+gates of Varennes without meeting one of the horsemen by whom they were
+to have been escorted into the place.  They were ignorant where to find
+their relays, and some minutes were lost in waiting, to no purpose.  The
+cabriolet had preceded them, and the two ladies in attendance found the
+bridge already blocked up with old carts and lumber.  The town guards
+were all under arms.  The King at last entered Varennes.  M. de Goguelat
+had arrived there with his detachment.  He came up to the King and asked
+him if he chose to effect a passage by force!  What an unlucky question
+to put to Louis XVI., who from the very beginning of the Revolution had
+shown in every crisis the fear he entertained of giving the least order
+which might cause an effusion of blood!  "Would it be a brisk action?"
+said the King.  "It is impossible that it should be otherwise, Sire,"
+replied the aide-decamp.  Louis XVI. was unwilling to expose his family.
+They therefore went to the house of a grocer, Mayor of Varennes.  The
+King began to speak, and gave a summary of his intentions in departing,
+analogous to the declaration he had made at Paris.  He spoke with warmth
+and affability, and endeavoured to demonstrate to the people around him
+that he had only put himself, by the step he had taken, into a fit
+situation to treat with the Assembly, and to sanction with freedom the
+constitution which he would maintain, though many of its articles were
+incompatible with the dignity of the throne, and the force by which it
+was necessary that the sovereign should be surrounded.  Nothing could be
+more affecting, added the Queen, than this moment, in which the King felt
+bound to communicate to the very humblest class of his subjects his
+principles, his wishes for the happiness of his people, and the motives
+which had determined him to depart.
+
+Whilst the King was speaking to this mayor, whose name was Sauce, the
+Queen, seated at the farther end of the shop, among parcels of soap and
+candles, endeavoured to make Madame Sauce understand that if she would
+prevail upon her husband to make use of his municipal authority to cover
+the flight of the King and his family, she would have the glory of having
+contributed to restore tranquillity to France.  This woman was moved;
+she could not, without streaming eyes, see herself thus solicited by her
+Queen; but she could not be got to say anything more than, "Bon Dieu,
+Madame, it would be the destruction of M. Sauce; I love my King, but I
+love my husband too, you must know, and he would be answerable, you see."
+Whilst this strange scene was passing in the shop, the people, hearing
+that the King was arrested, kept pouring in from all parts.  M. de
+Goguelat, making a last effort, demanded of the dragoons whether they
+would protect the departure of the King; they replied only by murmurs,
+dropping the points of their swords.  Some person unknown fired a pistol
+at M. de Goguelat; he was slightly wounded by the ball.  M. Romeuf, aide-
+de-camp to M. de La Fayette, arrived at that moment.  He had been chosen,
+after the 6th of October, 1789, by the commander of the Parisian guard to
+be in constant attendance about the Queen.  She reproached him bitterly
+with the object of his mission.  "If you wish to make your name
+remarkable, monsieur," said the Queen to him, "you have chosen strange
+and odious means, which will produce the most fatal consequences."  This
+officer wished to hasten their departure.  The Queen, still cherishing
+the hope of seeing M. de Bouille arrive with a sufficient force to
+extricate the King from his critical situation, prolonged her stay at
+Varennes by every means in her power.
+
+The Dauphin's first woman pretended to be taken ill with a violent colic,
+and threw herself upon a bed, in the hope of aiding the designs of her
+superiors; she went and implored for assistance.  The Queen understood
+her perfectly well, and refused to leave one who had devoted herself to
+follow them in such a state of suffering.  But no delay in departing was
+allowed.  The three Body Guards (Valory, Du Moustier, and Malden) were
+gagged and fastened upon the seat of the carriage.  A horde of National
+Guards, animated with fury and the barbarous joy with which their fatal
+triumph inspired them, surrounded the carriage of the royal family.
+
+The three commissioners sent by the Assembly to meet the King, MM. de
+Latour-Maubourg, Barnave, and Potion, joined them in the environs of
+Epernay.  The two last mentioned got into the King's carriage.  The Queen
+astonished me by the favourable opinion she had formed of Barnave.
+When I quitted Paris a great many persons spoke of him only with horror.
+She told me he was much altered, that he was full of talent and noble
+feeling.  "A feeling of pride which I cannot much blame in a young man
+belonging to the Tiers Etat," she said, "made him applaud everything
+which smoothed the road to rank and fame for that class in which he was
+born.  And if we get the power in our own hands again, Barnave's pardon
+is already written on our hearts."  The Queen added, that she had not the
+same feeling towards those nobles who had joined the revolutionary party,
+who had always received marks of favour, often to the injury of those
+beneath them in rank, and who, born to be the safeguard of the monarchy,
+could never be pardoned for having deserted it.  She then told me that
+Barnave's conduct upon the road was perfectly correct, while Potion's
+republican rudeness was disgusting; that the latter ate and drank in the
+King's berlin in a slovenly manner, throwing the bones of the fowls out
+through the window at the risk of sending them even into the King's face;
+lifting up his glass, when Madame Elisabeth poured him out wine, to show
+her that there was enough, without saying a word; that this offensive
+behaviour must have been intentional, because the man was not without
+education; and that Barnave was hurt at it.  On being pressed by the
+Queen to take something, "Madame," replied Barnave, "on so solemn an
+occasion the deputies of the National Assembly ought to occupy your
+Majesties solely about their mission, and by no means about their wants."
+In short, his respectful delicacy, his considerate attentions, and all
+that he said, gained the esteem not only of the Queen, but of Madame
+Elisabeth also.
+
+The King began to talk to Petion about the situation of France, and the
+motives of his conduct, which were founded upon the necessity of giving
+to the executive power a strength necessary for its action, for the good
+even of the constitutional act, since France could not be a republic.
+"Not yet, 'tis true," replied Petion, "because the French are not ripe
+enough for that."  This audacious and cruel answer silenced the King, who
+said no more until his arrival at Paris.  Potion held the little Dauphin
+upon his knees, and amused himself with curling the beautiful light hair
+of the interesting child round his fingers; and, as he spoke with much
+gesticulation, he pulled his locks hard enough to make the Dauphin cry
+out.  "Give me my son," said the Queen to him; "he is accustomed to
+tenderness and delicacy, which render him little fit for such
+familiarity."
+
+The Chevalier de Dampierre was killed near the King's carriage upon
+leaving Varennes.  A poor village cure, some leagues from the place where
+the crime was committed, was imprudent enough to draw near to speak to
+the King; the cannibals who surrounded the carriage rushed upon him.
+"Tigers," exclaimed Barnave, "have you ceased to be Frenchmen?  Nation of
+brave men, are you become a set of assassins?"  These words alone saved
+the cure, who was already upon the ground, from certain death.  Barnave,
+as he spoke to them, threw himself almost out of the coach window, and
+Madame Elisabeth, affected by this noble burst of feeling, held him by
+the skirt of his coat.  The Queen, while speaking of this event, said
+that on the most momentous occasions whimsical contrasts always struck
+her, and that even at such a moment the pious Elisabeth holding Barnave
+by the flap of his coat was a ludicrous sight.
+
+The deputy was astonished in another way.  Madame Elisabeth's comments
+upon the state of France, her mild and persuasive eloquence, and the,
+ease and simplicity with which she talked to him, yet without sacrificing
+her dignity in the slightest degree, appeared to him unique, and his
+heart, which was doubtless inclined to right principles though he had
+followed the wrong path, was overcome by admiration.  The conduct of the
+two deputies convinced the Queen of the total separation between the
+republican and constitutional parties.  At the inns where she alighted
+she had some private conversation with Barnave.  The latter said a great
+deal about the errors committed by the royalists during the Revolution,
+adding that he had found the interest of the Court so feebly and so badly
+defended that he had been frequently tempted to go and offer it, in
+himself, an aspiring champion, who knew the spirit of the age and nation.
+The Queen asked him what was the weapon he would have recommended her to
+use.
+
+"Popularity, Madame."
+
+"And how could I use that," replied her Majesty, "of which I have been
+deprived?"
+
+"Ah!  Madame, it was much more easy for you to regain it, than for me to
+acquire it."
+
+The Queen mainly attributed the arrest at Varennes to M. de Goguelat; she
+said he calculated the time that would be spent in the journey
+erroneously.  He performed that from Montmedy to Paris before taking the
+King's last orders, alone in a post-chaise, and he founded all his
+calculations upon the time he spent thus.  The trial has been made since,
+and it was found that a light carriage without any courier was nearly
+three hours less in running the distance than a heavy carriage preceded
+by a courier.
+
+The Queen also blamed him for having quitted the high-road at Pont-de-
+Sommevelle, where the carriage was to meet the forty hussars commanded by
+him.  She thought that he ought to have dispersed the very small number
+of people at Varennes, and not have asked the hussars whether they were
+for the King or the nation; that, particularly, he ought to have avoided
+taking the King's orders, as he was previously aware of the reply
+M. d'Inisdal had received when it was proposed to carry off the King.
+
+After all that the Queen had said to me respecting the mistakes made by
+M. de Goguelat, I thought him of course disgraced.  What was my surprise
+when, having been set at liberty after the amnesty which followed the
+acceptance of the constitution, he presented himself to the Queen, and
+was received with the greatest kindness!  She said he had done what he
+could, and that his zeal ought to form an excuse for all the rest.
+
+     [Full details of the preparations for the flight to Varennes will be
+     found in "Le Comte de Fersen et La Cour de France," Paris, Didot et
+     Cie, 1878 (a review of which was given in the Quarterly Review for
+     July, 1880), and in the "Memoirs of the Marquis de Bouille", London,
+     Cadell and Davis, 1797; Count Fersen being the person who planned
+     the actual escape, and De Bouille being in command of the army which
+     was to receive the King.  The plan was excellent, and would
+     certainly have succeeded, if it had not been for the royal family
+     themselves.  Marie Antoinette, it will have been seen by Madame
+     Campan's account, nearly wrecked the plan from inability to do
+     without a large dressing or travelling case.  The King did a more
+     fatal thing.  De Bouille had pointed out the necessity for having in
+     the King's carriage an officer knowing the route, and able to show
+     himself to give all directions, and a proper person had been
+     provided.  The King, however, objected, as "he could not have the
+     Marquis d'Agoult in the same carriage with himself; the governess of
+     the royal children, who was to accompany them, having refused to
+     abandon her privilege of constantly remaining with her charge."  See
+     "De Bouille," pp. 307 and 334.  Thus, when Louis was recognised at
+     the window of the carriage by Drouet, he was lost by the very danger
+     that had been foreseen, and this wretched piece of etiquette led to
+     his death.]
+
+When the royal family was brought back from Varennes to the Tuileries,
+the Queen's attendants found the greatest difficulty in making their way
+to her apartments; everything had been arranged so that the wardrobe
+woman, who had acted as spy, should have the service; and she was to be
+assisted in it only by her sister and her sister's daughter.
+
+M. de Gouvion, M. de La Fayette's aide-de-camp, had this woman's portrait
+placed at the foot of the staircase which led to the Queen's apartments,
+in order that the sentinel should not permit any other women to make
+their way in.  As soon as the Queen was informed of this contemptible
+precaution, she told the King of it, who sent to ascertain the fact.
+His Majesty then called for M. de La Fayette, claimed freedom in his
+household, and particularly in that of the Queen, and ordered him to send
+a woman in, whom no one but himself could confide out of the palace.
+M. de La Fayette was obliged to comply.
+
+On the day when the return of the royal family was expected, there were
+no carriages in motion in the streets of Paris.  Five or six of the
+Queen's women, after being refused admittance at all the other gates,
+went with one of my sisters to that of the Feuillans, insisting that the
+sentinel should admit them.  The poissardes attacked them for their
+boldness in resisting the order excluding them.  One of them seized my
+sister by the arm, calling her the slave of the Austrian.  "Hear me,"
+said my sister to her, "I have been attached to the Queen ever since I
+was fifteen years of age; she gave me my marriage portion; I served her
+when she was powerful and happy.  She is now unfortunate.  Ought I to
+abandon her?"--"She is right," cried the poissardes; "she ought not to
+abandon her mistress; let us make an entry for them."  They instantly
+surrounded the sentinel, forced the passage, and introduced the Queen's
+women, accompanying them to the terrace of the Feuillans.  One of these
+furies, whom the slightest impulse would have driven to tear my sister to
+pieces, taking her under her protection, gave her advice by which she
+might reach the palace in safety.  "But of all things, my dear friend,"
+said she to her, "pull off that green ribbon sash; it is the color of
+that D'Artois, whom we will never forgive."
+
+The measures adopted for guarding the King were rigorous with respect to
+the entrance into the palace, and insulting as to his private apartments.
+The commandants of battalion, stationed in the salon called the grand
+cabinet, and which led to the Queen's bedchamber, were ordered to keep
+the door of it always open, in order that they might have their eyes
+upon the royal family.  The King shut this door one day; the officer of
+the guard opened it, and told him such were his orders, and that he would
+always open it; so that his Majesty in shutting it gave himself useless
+trouble.  It remained open even during the night, when the Queen was in
+bed; and the officer placed himself in an armchair between the two doors,
+with his head turned towards her Majesty.  They only obtained permission
+to have the inner door shut when the Queen was rising.  The Queen had the
+bed of her first femme de chambre placed very near her own; this bed,
+which ran on casters, and was furnished with curtains, hid her from the
+officer's sight.
+
+Madame de Jarjaye, my companion, who continued her functions during the
+whole period of my absence, told me that one night the commandant of
+battalion, who slept between the two doors, seeing that she was sleeping
+soundly, and that the Queen was awake, quitted his post and went close to
+her Majesty, to advise her as to the line of conduct she should pursue.
+Although she had the kindness to desire him to speak lower in order that
+he might not disturb Madame de Jarjaye's rest, the latter awoke, and
+nearly died with fright at seeing a man in the uniform of the Parisian
+guard so near the Queen's bed.  Her Majesty comforted her, and told her
+not to rise; that the person she saw was a good Frenchman, who was
+deceived respecting the intentions and situation of his sovereign and
+herself, but whose conversation showed sincere attachment to the King.
+
+There was a sentinel in the corridor which runs behind the apartments in
+question, where there is a staircase, which was at that time an inner
+one, and enabled the King and Queen to communicate freely.  This post,
+which was very onerous, because it was to be kept four and twenty hours,
+was often claimed by Saint Prig, an actor belonging to the Theatre
+Francais.  He took it upon himself sometimes to contrive brief interviews
+between the King and Queen in this corridor.  He left them at a distance,
+and gave them warning if he heard the slightest noise.  M. Collot,
+commandant of battalion of the National Guard, who was charged with the
+military duty of the Queen's household, in like manner softened down,
+so far as he could with prudence, all, the revolting orders he received;
+for instance, one to follow the Queen to the very door of her wardrobe
+was never executed.  An officer of the Parisian guard dared to speak
+insolently of the Queen in her own apartment.  M. Collot wished to make a
+complaint to M. de La Fayette against him, and have him dismissed.  The
+Queen opposed it, and condescended to say a few words of explanation and
+kindness to the man; he instantly became one of her most devoted
+partisans.
+
+The first time I saw her Majesty after the unfortunate catastrophe of the
+Varennes journey, I found her getting out of bed; her features were not
+very much altered; but after the first kind words she uttered to me she
+took off her cap and desired me to observe the effect which grief had
+produced upon her hair.  It had become, in one single night, as white as
+that of a woman of seventy.  Her Majesty showed me a ring she had just
+had mounted for the Princesse de Lamballe; it contained a lock of her
+whitened hair, with the inscription, "Blanched by sorrow."  At the period
+of the acceptance of the constitution the Princess wished to return to
+France.  The Queen, who had no expectation that tranquillity would be
+restored, opposed this; but the attachment of Madame de Lamballe to the
+royal family impelled her to come and seek death.
+
+When I returned to Paris most of the harsh precautions were abandoned;
+the doors were not kept open; greater respect was paid to the sovereign;
+it was known that the constitution soon to be completed would be
+accepted, and a better order of things was hoped for.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+On my arrival at Paris on the 25th of August I found the state of feeling
+there much more temperate than I had dared to hope.  The conversation
+generally ran upon the acceptance of the constitution, and the fetes
+which would be given in consequence.  The struggle between the Jacobins
+and the constitutionals on the 17th of July, 1791, nevertheless had
+thrown the Queen into great terror for some moments; and the firing of
+the cannon from the Champ de Mars upon a party which called for a trial
+of the King, and the leaders of which were in the very bosom of the
+Assembly, left the most gloomy impressions upon her mind.
+
+The constitutionals, the Queen's connection with whom was not slackened
+by the intervention of the three members already mentioned, had
+faithfully served the royal family during their detention.
+
+"We still hold the wire by which this popular mass is moved," said
+Barnave to M. de J----- one day, at the same time showing him a large
+volume, in which the names of all those who were influenced with the
+power of gold alone were registered.  It was at that time proposed to
+hire a considerable number of persons in order to secure loud
+acclamations when the King and his family should make their appearance at
+the play upon the acceptance of the constitution.  That day, which
+afforded a glimmering hope of tranquillity, was the 14th of September;
+the fetes were brilliant; but already fresh anxieties forbade the royal
+family to encourage much hope.
+
+The Legislative Assembly, which had just succeeded the Constituent
+Assembly (October, 1791), founded its conduct upon the wildest republican
+principles; created from the midst of popular assemblies, it was wholly
+inspired by the spirit which animated them.  The constitution, as I have
+said, was presented to the King on the 3d of September, 1791.  The
+ministers, with the exception of M. de Montmorin, insisted upon the
+necessity of accepting the constitutional act in its entirety.  The
+Prince de Kaunitz--[Minister of Austria]-- was of the same opinion.
+Malouet wished the King to express himself candidly respecting any errors
+or dangers that he might observe in the constitution.  But Duport and
+Barnave, alarmed at the spirit prevailing in the Jacobin Club,
+
+     [The extreme revolutionary party, so called from the club,
+     originally "Breton," then "Amis de la Constitution," sitting at the
+     convent of the Dominicans (called in France Jacobins) of the Rue
+     Saint Honore.]
+
+and even in the Assembly, where Robespierre had already denounced them as
+traitors to the country, and dreading still greater evils, added their
+opinions to those of the majority of the ministers and M. de Kaunitz;
+those who really desired that the constitution should be maintained
+advised that it should not be accepted thus literally.  The King seemed
+inclined to this advice; and this is one of the strongest proofs of his
+sincerity.
+
+Alexandre Lameth, Duport, and Barnave, still relying on the resources of
+their party, hoped to have credit for directing the King through the
+influence they believed they had acquired over the mind of the Queen.
+They also consulted people of acknowledged talent, but belonging to no
+council nor to any assembly.  Among these was M. Dubucq, formerly
+intendant of the marine and of the colonies.  He answered laconically in
+one phrase: "Prevent disorder from organising itself."
+
+The letter written by the King to the Assembly, claiming to accept the
+constitution in the very place where it had been created, and where he
+announced he would be on the 14th September at mid-day, was received with
+transport, and the reading was repeatedly interrupted by plaudits.  The
+sitting terminated amidst the greatest enthusiasm, and M. de La Fayette
+obtained the release of all those who were detained on account of the
+King's journey [to Varennes], the abandonment of all proceedings relative
+to the events of the Revolution, and the discontinuance of the use of
+passports and of temporary restraints upon free travelling, as well in
+the interior as without.  The whole was conceded by acclamation.  Sixty
+members were deputed to go to the King and express to him fully the
+satisfaction his Majesty's letter had given.  The Keeper of the Seals
+quitted the chamber, in the midst of applause, to precede the deputation
+to the King.
+
+The King answered the speech addressed to him, and concluded by saying to
+the Assembly that a decree of that morning, which had abolished the order
+of the Holy Ghost, had left him and his son alone permission to be
+decorated with it; but that an order having no value in his eyes, save
+for the power of conferring it, he would not use it.
+
+The Queen, her son, and Madame, were at the door of the chamber into
+which the deputation was admitted.  The King said to the deputies, "You
+see there my wife and children, who participate in my sentiments;" and
+the Queen herself confirmed the King's assurance.  These apparent marks
+of confidence were very inconsistent with the agitated state of her mind.
+"These people want no sovereigns," said she.  "We shall fall before their
+treacherous though well-planned tactics; they are demolishing the
+monarchy stone by stone."
+
+Next day the particulars of the reception of the deputies by the King
+were reported to the Assembly, and excited warm approbation.  But the
+President having put the question whether the Assembly ought not to
+remain seated while the King took the oath "Certainly," was repeated by
+many voices; "and the King, standing, uncovered."  M. Malouet observed
+that there was no occasion on which the nation, assembled in the presence
+of the King, did not acknowledge him as its head; that the omission to
+treat the head of the State with the respect due to him would be an
+offence to the nation, as well as to the monarch.  He moved that the King
+should take the oath standing, and that the Assembly should also stand
+while he was doing so.  M. Malouet's observations would have carried the
+decree, but a deputy from Brittany exclaimed, with a shrill voice, that
+he had an amendment to propose which would render all unanimous.  "Let us
+decree," said he, "that M. Malouet, and whoever else shall so please, may
+have leave to receive the King upon their knees; but let us stick to the
+decree."
+
+The King repaired to the chamber at mid-day.  His speech was followed by
+plaudits which lasted several minutes.  After the signing of the
+constitutional act all sat down.  The President rose to deliver his
+speech; but after he had begun, perceiving that the King did not rise to
+hear him, he sat down again.  His speech made a powerful impression; the
+sentence with which it concluded excited fresh acclamations, cries of
+"Bravo!"  and "Vive le Roi!"--"Sire, "said he, "how important in our
+eyes, and how dear to our hearts--how sublime a feature in our history--
+must be the epoch of that regeneration which gives citizens to France,
+and a country to Frenchmen,--to you, as a king, a new title of greatness
+and glory, and, as a man, a source of new enjoyment."  The whole Assembly
+accompanied the King on his return, amidst the people's cries of
+happiness, military music, and salvoes of artillery.
+
+At length I hoped to see a return of that tranquillity which had so long
+vanished from the countenances of my august master and mistress.  Their
+suite left them in the salon; the Queen hastily saluted the ladies, and
+returned much affected; the King followed her, and, throwing himself into
+an armchair, put his handkerchief to his eyes.  "Ah! Madame," cried he,
+his voice choked by tears, "why were you present at this sitting?  to
+witness--" these words were interrupted by sobs.  The Queen threw herself
+upon her knees before him, and pressed him in her arms.  I remained with
+them, not from any blamable curiosity, but from a stupefaction which
+rendered me incapable of determining what I ought to do.  The Queen said
+to me, "Oh! go, go!" with an accent which expressed, "Do not remain to
+see the dejection and despair of your sovereign!"  I withdrew, struck
+with the contrast between the shouts of joy without the palace and the
+profound grief which oppressed the sovereigns within.  Half an hour
+afterwards the Queen sent for me.  She desired to see M. de Goguelat, to
+announce to him his departure on that very night for Vienna.  The renewed
+attacks upon the dignity of the throne which had been made during the
+sitting; the spirit of an Assembly worse than the former; the monarch put
+upon a level with the President, without any deference to the throne,--
+all this proclaimed but too loudly that the sovereignty itself was aimed
+at.  The Queen no longer saw any ground for hope from the Provinces.
+The King wrote to the Emperor; she told me that she would herself,
+at midnight, bring the letter which M. de Goguelat was to bear to the
+Emperor, to my room.
+
+During all the remainder of the day the Chateau and the Tuileries were
+crowded; the illuminations were magnificent.  The King and Queen were
+requested to take an airing in their carriage in the Champs-Elysees,
+escorted by the aides-decamp, and leaders of the Parisian army, the
+Constitutional Guard not being at the time organised.  Many shouts of
+"Vive le Roi!"  were heard; but as often as they ceased, one of the mob,
+who never quitted the door of the King's carriage for a single instant,
+exclaimed with a stentorian voice, "No, don't believe them!  Vive la
+Nation!"  This ill-omened cry struck terror into the Queen.
+
+A few days afterwards M. de Montmorin sent to say he wanted to speak to
+me; that he would come to me, if he were not apprehensive his doing so
+would attract observation; and that he thought it would appear less
+conspicuous if he should see me in the Queen's great closet at a time
+which he specified, and when nobody would be there.  I went.  After
+having made some polite observations upon the services I had already
+performed, and those I might yet perform, for my master and mistress, he
+spoke to me of the King's imminent danger, of the plots which were
+hatching, and of the lamentable composition of the Legislative Assembly;
+and he particularly dwelt upon the necessity of appearing, by prudent
+remarks, determined as much as possible to abide by the act the King had
+just recognised.  I told him that could not be done without committing
+ourselves in the eyes of the royalist party, with which moderation was a
+crime; that it was painful to hear ourselves taxed with being
+constitutionalists, at the same time that it was our opinion that the
+only constitution which was consistent with the King's honour, and the
+happiness and tranquillity of his people, was the absolute power of the
+sovereign; that this was my creed, and it would pain me to give any room
+for suspicion that I was wavering in it.
+
+"Could you ever believe," said he, "that I should desire any other order
+of things?  Have you any doubt of my attachment to the King's person, and
+the maintenance of his rights?"
+
+"I know it, Count," replied I; "but you are not ignorant that you lie
+under the imputation of having adopted revolutionary ideas."
+
+"Well, madame, have resolution enough to dissemble and to conceal your
+real sentiments; dissimulation was never more necessary.  Endeavours are
+being made to paralyse the evil intentions of the factious as much as
+possible; but we must not be counteracted here by certain dangerous
+expressions which are circulated in Paris as coming from the King and
+Queen."
+
+I told him that I had been already struck with apprehension of the evil
+which might be done by the intemperate observations of persons who had no
+power to act; and that I had felt ill consequences from having repeatedly
+enjoined silence on those in the Queen's service.
+
+"I know that," said the Count; "the Queen informed me of it, and that
+determined me to come and request you to increase and keep alive, as much
+as you can, that spirit of discretion which is so necessary."
+
+While the household of the King and Queen were a prey to all these fears,
+the festivities in celebration of the acceptance of the constitution
+proceeded.  Their Majesties went to the Opera; the audience consisted
+entirely of persons who sided with the King, and on that day the
+happiness of seeing him for a short time surrounded by faithful subjects
+might be enjoyed.  The acclamations were then sincere.
+
+"La Coquette Corrigee" had been selected for representation at the
+Theatre Francais solely because it was the piece in which Mademoiselle
+Contat shone most.  Yet the notions propagated by the Queen's enemies
+coinciding in my mind with the name of the play, I thought the choice
+very ill-judged.  I was at a loss, however, how to tell her Majesty so;
+but sincere attachment gives courage.  I explained myself; she was
+obliged to me, and desired that another play might be performed.  They
+accordingly selected "La Gouvernante," almost equally unfortunate in
+title.
+
+The Queen, Madame the King's daughter, and Madame Elisabeth were all well
+received on this occasion.  It is true that the opinions and feelings of
+the spectators in the boxes could not be otherwise than favourable, and
+great pains had been taken, previously to these two performances, to fill
+the pit with proper persons.  But, on the other hand, the Jacobins took
+the same precautions on their side at the Theatre Italien, and the tumult
+was excessive there.  The play was Gretry's "Les Evenements Imprevus."
+Unfortunately, Madame Dugazon thought proper to bow to the Queen as she
+sang the words, "Ah, how I love my mistress!" in a duet.  Above twenty
+voices immediately exclaimed from the pit, "No mistress!  no master!
+liberty!"  A few replied from the boxes and slips, "Vive le Roi!  vive la
+Reine!"  Those in the pit answered, "No master! no Queen!" The quarrel
+increased; the pit formed into parties; they began fighting, and the
+Jacobins were beaten; tufts of their black hair flew about the theatre.--
+[At this time none but the Jacobins had discontinued the use of
+hairpowder.--MADAME CAMPAN.]-- A military guard arrived.  The Faubourg
+St. Antoine, hearing of what was going on at the Theatre Italien, flocked
+together, and began to talk of marching towards the scene of action.  The
+Queen preserved the calmest demeanour; the commandants of the guard
+surrounded and encouraged her; they conducted themselves promptly and
+discreetly.  No accident happened.  The Queen was highly applauded as she
+quitted the theatre; it was the last time she was ever in one!
+
+While couriers were bearing confidential letters from the King to the
+Princes, his brothers, and to the foreign sovereigns, the Assembly
+invited him to write to the Princes in order to induce them to return to
+France.  The King desired the Abbe de Montesquiou to write the letter he
+was to send; this letter, which was admirably composed in a simple and
+affecting style, suited to the character of Louis XVI., and filled with
+very powerful arguments in favour of the advantages to be derived from
+adopting the principles of the constitution, was confided to me by the
+King, who desired me to make him a copy of it.
+
+At this period M. M-----, one of the intendants of Monsieur's household,
+obtained a passport from the Assembly to join that Prince on business
+relative to his domestic concerns.  The Queen selected him to be the
+bearer of this letter.  She determined to give it to him herself, and to
+inform him of its object.  I was astonished at her choice of this
+courier.  The Queen assured me he was exactly the man for her purpose,
+that she relied even upon his indiscretion, and that it was merely
+necessary that the letter from the King to his brothers should be known
+to exist.  The Princes were doubtless informed beforehand on the subject
+by the private correspondence.  Monsieur nevertheless manifested some
+degree of surprise, and the messenger returned more grieved than pleased
+at this mark of confidence, which nearly cost him his life during the
+Reign of Terror.
+
+Among the causes of uneasiness to the Queen there was one which was but
+too well founded, the thoughtlessness of the French whom she sent to
+foreign Courts.  She used to say that they had no sooner passed the
+frontiers than they disclosed the most secret matters relative to the
+King's private sentiments, and that the leaders of the Revolution were
+informed of them through their agents, many of whom were Frenchmen who
+passed themselves off as emigrants in the cause of their King.
+
+After the acceptance of the constitution, the formation of the King's
+household, as well military as civil, formed a subject of attention.
+The Duc de Brissac had the command of the Constitutional Guard, which was
+composed of officers and men selected from the regiments, and of several
+officers drawn from the National Guard of Paris.  The King was satisfied
+with the feelings and conduct of this band, which, as is well known,
+existed but a very short time.
+
+The new constitution abolished what were called honours, and the
+prerogatives belonging to them.  The Duchesse de Duras resigned her place
+of lady of the bedchamber, not choosing to lose her right to the tabouret
+at Court.  This step hurt the Queen, who saw herself forsaken through the
+loss of a petty privilege at a time when her own rights and even life
+were so hotly attacked.  Many ladies of rank left the Court for the same
+reason.  However, the King and Queen did not dare to form the civil part
+of their household, lest by giving the new names of the posts they should
+acknowledge the abolition of the old ones, and also lest they should
+admit into the highest positions persons not calculated to fill them
+well.  Some time was spent in discussing the question, whether the
+household should be formed without chevaliers and without ladies of
+honour.  The Queen's constitutional advisers were of opinion that the
+Assembly, having decreed a civil list adequate to uphold the splendour of
+the throne, would be dissatisfied at seeing the King adopting only a
+military household, and not forming his civil household upon the new
+constitutional plan.  "How is it, Madame," wrote Barnave to the Queen,
+"that you will persist in giving these people even the smallest doubt as
+to your sentiments?  When they decree you a civil and a military
+household, you, like young Achilles among the daughters of Lycomedes,
+eagerly seize the sword and scorn the mere ornaments."  The Queen
+persisted in her determination to have no civil household.  "If," said
+she, "this constitutional household be formed, not a single person of
+rank will remain with us, and upon a change of affairs we should be
+obliged to discharge the persons received into their place."
+
+"Perhaps," added she, "perhaps I might find one day that I had saved the
+nobility, if I now had resolution enough to afflict them for a time; I
+have it not.  When any measure which injures them is wrested from us they
+sulk with me; nobody comes to my card party; the King goes unattended to
+bed.  No allowance is made for political necessity; we are punished for
+our very misfortunes."
+
+The Queen wrote almost all day, and spent part of the night in reading:
+her courage supported her physical strength; her disposition was not at
+all soured by misfortunes, and she was never seen in an ill-humour for a
+moment.  She was, however, held up to the people as a woman absolutely
+furious and mad whenever the rights of the Crown were in any way
+attacked.
+
+I was with her one day at one of her windows.  We saw a man plainly
+dressed, like an ecclesiastic, surrounded by an immense crowd.  The Queen
+imagined it was some abbe whom they were about to throw into the basin of
+the Tuileries; she hastily opened her window and sent a valet de chambre
+to know what was going forward in the garden.  It was Abbe Gregoire, whom
+the men and women of the tribunes were bringing back in triumph, on
+account of a motion he had just made in the National Assembly against the
+royal authority.  On the following day the democratic journalists
+described the Queen as witnessing this triumph, and showing, by
+expressive gestures at her window, how highly she was exasperated by the
+honours conferred upon the patriot.
+
+The correspondence between the Queen and the foreign powers was carried
+on in cipher.  That to which she gave the preference can never be
+detected; but the greatest patience is requisite for its use.  Each
+correspondent must have a copy of the same edition of some work.  She
+selected "Paul and Virginia."  The page and line in which the letters
+required, and occasionally a monosyllable, are to be found are pointed
+out in ciphers agreed upon.  I assisted her in finding the letters, and
+frequently I made an exact copy for her of all that she had ciphered,
+without knowing a single word of its meaning.
+
+There were always several secret committees in Paris occupied in
+collecting information for the King respecting the measures of the
+factions, and in influencing some of the committees of the Assembly.
+M. Bertrand de Molleville was in close correspondence with the Queen.
+The King employed M. Talon and others; much money was expended through
+the latter channel for the secret measures.  The Queen had no confidence
+in them.  M. de Laporte, minister of the civil list and of the household,
+also attempted to give a bias to public opinion by means of hireling
+publications; but these papers influenced none but the royalist party,
+which did not need influencing.  M. de Laporte had a private police which
+gave him some useful information.
+
+I determined to sacrifice myself to my duty, but by no means to any
+intrigue, and I thought that, circumstanced as I was, I ought to confine
+myself to obeying the Queen's orders.  I frequently sent off couriers to
+foreign countries, and they were never discovered, so many precautions
+did I take.  I am indebted for the preservation of my own existence to
+the care I took never to admit any deputy to my abode, and to refuse all
+interviews which even people of the highest importance often requested of
+me; but this line of conduct exposed me to every species of ill-will,
+and on the same day I saw myself denounced by Prud'homme, in his 'Gazette
+Revolutionnaire', as capable of making an aristocrat of the mother of the
+Gracchi, if a person so dangerous as myself could have got into her
+household; and by Gauthier's Gazette Royaliste, as a monarchist, a
+constitutionalist, more dangerous to the Queen's interests than a
+Jacobin.
+
+At this period an event with which I had nothing to do placed me in a
+still more critical situation.  My brother, M. Genet, began his
+diplomatic career successfully.  At eighteen he was attached to the
+embassy to Vienna; at twenty he was appointed chief secretary of Legation
+in England, on occasion of the peace of 1783.  A memorial which he
+presented to M. de Vergennes upon the dangers of the treaty of commerce
+then entered into with England gave offence to M. de Calonne, a patron of
+that treaty, and particularly to M. Gerard de Rayneval, chief clerk for
+foreign affairs.  So long as M. de Vergennes lived, having upon my
+father's death declared himself the protector of my brother, he supported
+him against the enemies his views had created.  But on his death M. de
+Montmorin, being much in need of the long experience in business which he
+found in M. de Rayneval, was guided solely by the latter.  The office of
+which my brother was the head was suppressed.  He then went to St.
+Petersburg, strongly recommended to the Comte de Segur, minister from
+France to that Court, who appointed him secretary of Legation.  Some time
+afterwards the Comte de Segur left him at St. Petersburg, charged with
+the affairs of France.  After his return from Russia, M. Genet was
+appointed ambassador to the United States by the party called Girondists,
+the deputies who headed it being from the department of the Gironde.  He
+was recalled by the Robespierre party, which overthrew the former
+faction, on the 31st of May, 1793, and condemned to appear before the
+Convention.  Vice-President Clinton, at that time Governor of New York,
+offered him an asylum in his house and the hand of his daughter, and M.
+Genet established himself prosperously in America.
+
+When my brother quitted Versailles he was much hurt at being deprived of
+a considerable income for having penned a memorial which his zeal alone
+had dictated, and the importance of which was afterwards but too well
+understood.  I perceived from his correspondence that he inclined to some
+of the new notions.  He told me it was right he should no longer conceal
+from me that he sided with the constitutional party; that the King had in
+fact commanded it, having himself accepted the constitution; that he
+would proceed firmly in that course, because in this case
+disingenuousness would be fatal, and that he took that side of the
+question because he had had it proved to him that the foreign powers
+would not serve the King's cause without advancing pretensions prompted
+by long-standing interests, which always would influence their councils;
+that he saw no salvation for the King and Queen but from within France,
+and that he would serve the constitutional King as he served him before
+the Revolution.  And lastly, he requested me to impart to the Queen the
+real sentiments of one of his Majesty's agents at a foreign Court.  I
+immediately went to the Queen and gave her my brother's letter; she read
+it attentively, and said, "This is the letter of a young man led astray
+by discontent and ambition; I know you do not think as he does; do not
+fear that you will lose the confidence of the King and myself."  I
+offered to discontinue all correspondence with my brother; she opposed
+that, saying it would be dangerous.  I then entreated she would permit me
+in future to show her my own and my brother's letters, to which she
+consented.  I wrote warmly to my brother against the course he had
+adopted.  I sent my letters by sure channels; he answered me by the post,
+and no longer touched upon anything but family affairs.  Once only he
+informed me that if I should write to him respecting the affairs of the
+day he would give me no answer.  "Serve your august mistress with the
+unbounded devotion which is due from you," said he, "and let us each do
+our duty.  I will only observe to you that at Paris the fogs of the Seine
+often prevent people from seeing that immense capital, even from the
+Pavilion of Flora, and I see it more clearly from St. Petersburg."
+The Queen said, as she read this letter, "Perhaps he speaks but too
+truly; who can decide upon so disastrous a position as ours has become?"
+The day on which I gave the Queen my brother's first letter to read she
+had several audiences to give to ladies and other persons belonging to
+the Court, who came on purpose to inform her that my brother was an
+avowed constitutionalist and revolutionist.  The Queen replied, "I know
+it; Madame Campan has told me so."  Persons jealous of my situation
+having subjected me to mortifications, and these unpleasant circumstances
+recurring daily, I requested the Queen's permission to withdraw from
+Court.  She exclaimed against the very idea, represented it to me as
+extremely dangerous for my own reputation, and had the kindness to add
+that, for my sake as well as for her own, she never would consent to it.
+After this conversation I retired to my apartment.  A few minutes later a
+footman brought me this note from the Queen: "I have never ceased to give
+you and yours proofs of my attachment; I wish to tell you in writing that
+I have full faith in your honour and fidelity, as well as in your other
+good qualities; and that I ever rely on the zeal and address you exert to
+serve me."
+
+     [I had just received this letter from the Queen when M. de la
+     Chapelle, commissary-general of the King's household, and head of
+     the offices of M. de Laporte, minister of the civil list, came to
+     see me.  The palace having been already sacked by the brigands on
+     the 20th of June, 1792, he proposed that I should entrust the paper
+     to him, that he might place it in a safer situation than the
+     apartments of the Queen.  When he returned into his offices he
+     placed the letter she had condescended to write to me behind a large
+     picture in his closet; but on the loth of August M. de la Chapelle
+     was thrown into the prisons of the Abbaye, and the committee of
+     public safety established themselves in his offices, whence they
+     issued all their decrees of death.  There it was that a villainous
+     servant belonging to M. de Laporte went to declare that in the
+     minister's apartments, under a board in the floor, a number of
+     papers would be found.  They were brought forth, and M. de Laporte
+     was sent to the scaffold, where he suffered for having betrayed the
+     State by serving his master and sovereign.  M. de la Chapelle was
+     saved, as if by a miracle, from the massacres of the 2d of
+     September.  The committee of public safety having removed to the
+     King's apartments at the Tuileries, M. de la Chapelle had permission
+     to return to his closet to take away some property belonging to him.
+     Turning round the picture, behind which he had hidden the Queen's
+     letter, he found it in the place into which he had slipped it, and,
+     delighted to see that I was safe from the ill consequences the
+     discovery of this paper might have brought upon me, he burnt it
+     instantly.  In times of danger a mere nothing may save life or
+     destroy it.--MADAME CAMPAN]
+
+At the moment that I was going to express my gratitude to the Queen I
+heard a tapping at the door of my room, which opened upon the Queen's
+inner corridor.  I opened it; it was the King.  I was confused; he
+perceived it, and said to me, kindly: "I alarm you, Madame Campan; I
+come, however, to comfort you; the Queen has told me how much she is hurt
+at the injustice of several persons towards you.  But how is it that you
+complain of injustice and calumny when you see that we are victims of
+them?  In some of your companions it is jealousy; in the people belonging
+to the Court it is anxiety.  Our situation is so disastrous, and we have
+met with so much ingratitude and treachery, that the apprehensions of
+those who love us are excusable!  I could quiet them by telling them all
+the secret services you perform for us daily; but I will not do it.  Out
+of good-will to you they would repeat all I should say, and you would be
+lost with the Assembly.  It is much better, both for you and for us, that
+you should be thought a constitutionalist.  It has been mentioned to me a
+hundred times already; I have never contradicted it; but I come to give
+you my word that if we are fortunate enough to see an end of all this, I
+will, at the Queen's residence, and in the presence of my brothers,
+relate the important services you have rendered us, and I will recompense
+you and your son for them."  I threw myself at the King's feet and kissed
+his hand.  He raised me up, saying, "Come, come, do not grieve; the
+Queen, who loves you, confides in you as I do."
+
+Down to the day of the acceptance it was impossible to introduce Barnave
+into the interior of the palace; but when the Queen was free from the
+inner guard she said she would see him.  The very great precautions which
+it was necessary for the deputy to take in order to conceal his
+connection with the King and Queen compelled them to spend two hours
+waiting for him in one of the corridors of the Tuileries, and all in
+vain.  The first day that he was to be admitted, a man whom Barnave knew
+to be dangerous having met him in the courtyard of the palace, he
+determined to cross it without stopping, and walked in the gardens in
+order to lull suspicion.  I was desired to wait for Barnave at a little
+door belonging to the entresols of the palace, with my hand upon the open
+lock.  I was in that position for an hour.  The King came to me
+frequently, and always to speak to me of the uneasiness which a servant
+belonging to the Chateau, who was a patriot, gave him.  He came again to
+ask me whether I had heard the door called de Decret opened.  I assured
+him nobody had been in the corridor, and he became easy.  He was
+dreadfully apprehensive that his connection with Barnave would be
+discovered.  "It would," said the King, "be a ground for grave
+accusations, and the unfortunate man would be lost."  I then ventured to
+remind his Majesty that as Barnave was not the only one in the secret of
+the business which brought him in contact with their Majesties, one of
+his colleagues might be induced to speak of the association with which
+they were honoured, and that in letting them know by my presence that I
+also was informed of it, a risk was incurred of removing from those
+gentlemen part of the responsibility of the secret.  Upon this
+observation the King quitted me hastily and returned a moment afterwards
+with the Queen.  "Give me your place," said she; "I will wait for him in
+my turn.  You have convinced the King.  We must not increase in their
+eyes the number of persons informed of their communications with us."
+
+The police of M. de Laporte, intendant of the civil list, apprised him,
+as early as the latter end of 1791, that a man belonging to the King's
+offices who had set up as a pastrycook at the Palais Royal was about to
+resume the duties of his situation, which had devolved upon him again on
+the death of one who held it for life; that he was so furious a Jacobin
+that he had dared to say it would be a good thing for France if the
+King's days were shortened.  His duty was confined to making the pastry;
+he was closely watched by the head officers of the kitchen, who were
+devoted to his Majesty; but it is so easy to introduce a subtle poison
+into made dishes that it was determined the King and Queen should eat
+only plain roast meat in future; that their bread should be brought to
+them by M. Thierry de Ville-d'Avray, intendant of the smaller apartments,
+and that he should likewise take upon himself to supply the wine.  The
+King was fond of pastry; I was directed to order some, as if for myself,
+sometimes of one pastry-cook, and sometimes of another.  The pounded
+sugar, too, was kept in my room.  The King, the Queen, and Madame
+Elisabeth ate together, and nobody remained to wait on them.  Each had a
+dumb waiter and a little bell to call the servants when they were wanted.
+M. Thierry used himself to bring me their Majesties' bread and wine, and
+I locked them up in a private cupboard in the King's closet on the ground
+floor.  As soon as the King sat down to table I took in the pastry and
+bread.  All was hidden under the table lest it might be necessary to have
+the servants in.  The King thought it dangerous as well as distressing to
+show any apprehension of attempts against his person, or any mistrust of
+his officers of the kitchen.  As he never drank a whole bottle of wine at
+his meals (the Princesses drank nothing but water), he filled up that out
+of which he had drunk about half from the bottle served up by the
+officers of his butlery.  I took it away after dinner.  Although he never
+ate any other pastry than that which I brought, he took care in the same
+manner that it should seem that he had eaten of that served at table.
+The lady who succeeded me found this duty all regulated, and she executed
+it in the same manner; the public never was in possession of these
+particulars, nor of the apprehensions which gave rise to them.  At the
+end of three or four months the police of M. de Laporte gave notice that
+nothing more was to be dreaded from that sort of plot against the King's
+life; that the plan was entirely changed; and that all the blows now to
+be struck would be directed as much against the throne as against the
+person of the sovereign.
+
+There are others besides myself who know that at this time one of the
+things about which the Queen most desired to be satisfied was the opinion
+of the famous Pitt.  She would sometimes say to me, "I never pronounce
+the name of Pitt without feeling a chill like that of death."  (I repeat
+here her very expressions.) "That man is the mortal enemy of France; and
+he takes a dreadful revenge for the impolitic support given by the
+Cabinet of Versailles to the American insurgents.  He wishes by our
+destruction to guarantee the maritime power of his country forever
+against the efforts made by the King to improve his marine power and
+their happy results during the last war.  He knows that it is not only
+the King's policy but his private inclination to be solicitous about his
+fleets, and that the most active step he has taken during his whole reign
+was to visit the port of Cherbourg.  Pitt had served the cause of the
+French Revolution from the first disturbances; he will perhaps serve it
+until its annihilation.  I will endeavour to learn to what point he
+intends to lead us, and I am sending M.----- to London for that purpose.
+He has been intimately connected with Pitt, and they have often had
+political conversations respecting the French Government.  I will get him
+to make him speak out, at least so far as such a man can speak out."
+Some time afterwards the Queen told me that her secret envoy was returned
+from London, and that all he had been able to wring from Pitt, whom he
+found alarmingly reserved, was that he would not suffer the French
+monarchy to perish; that to suffer the revolutionary spirit to erect an
+organised republic in France would be a great error, affecting the
+tranquillity of Europe.  "Whenever," said she, "Pitt expressed himself
+upon the necessity of supporting monarchy in France, he maintained the
+most profound silence upon what concerns the monarch.  The result of
+these conversations is anything but encouraging; but, even as to that
+monarchy which he wishes to save, will he have means and strength to save
+it if he suffers us to fall?"
+
+The death of the Emperor Leopold took place on the 1st of March, 1792.
+When the news of this event reached the Tuileries, the Queen was gone
+out.  Upon her return I put the letter containing it into her hands.  She
+exclaimed that the Emperor had been poisoned; that she had remarked and
+preserved a newspaper, in which, in an article upon the sitting of the
+Jacobins, at the time when the Emperor Leopold declared for the
+coalition, it was said, speaking of him, that a pie-crust would settle
+that matter.  At this period Barnave obtained the Queen's consent that he
+should read all the letters she should write.  He was fearful of private
+correspondences that might hamper the plan marked out for her; he
+mistrusted her Majesty's sincerity on this point; and the diversity of
+counsels, and the necessity of yielding, on the one hand, to some of the
+views of the constitutionalists, and on the other, to those of the French
+Princes, and even of foreign Courts, were unfortunately the circumstances
+which most rapidly impelled the Court towards its ruin.
+
+However, the emigrants showed great apprehensions of the consequences
+which might follow in the interior from a connection with the
+constitutionalists, whom they described as a party existing only in idea,
+and totally without means of repairing their errors.  The Jacobins were
+preferred to them, because, said they, there would be no treaty to be
+made with any one at the moment of extricating the King and his family
+from the abyss in which they were plunged.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+In the beginning of the year 1792, a worthy priest requested a private
+interview with me.  He had learned the existence of a new libel by Madame
+de Lamotte.  He told me that the people who came from London to get it
+printed in Paris only desired gain, and that they were ready to deliver
+the manuscript to him for a thousand louis, if he could find any friend
+of the Queen disposed to make that sacrifice for her peace; that he had
+thought of me, and if her Majesty would give him the twenty-four thousand
+francs, he would hand the manuscript to me.
+
+I communicated this proposal to the Queen, who rejected it, and desired
+me to answer that at the time when she had power to punish the hawkers of
+these libels she deemed them so atrocious and incredible that she
+despised them too much to stop them; that if she were imprudent and weak
+enough to buy a single one of them, the Jacobins might possibly discover
+the circumstance through their espionage; that were this libel brought
+up, it would be printed nevertheless, and would be much more dangerous
+when they apprised the public of the means she had used to suppress it.
+
+Baron d'Aubier, gentleman-in-ordinary to the King, and my particular
+friend, had a good memory and a clear way of communicating the substance
+of the debates and decrees of the National Assembly.  I went daily to the
+Queen's apartments to repeat all this to the King, who used to say, on
+seeing me, "Ah! here's the Postillon par Calais,"--a newspaper of the
+time.
+
+M. d'Aubier one day said to me: "The Assembly has been much occupied with
+an information laid by the workmen of the Sevres manufactory.  They
+brought to the President's office a bundle of pamphlets which they said
+were the life of Marie Antoinette.  The director of the manufactory was
+ordered up to the bar, and declared he had received orders to burn the
+printed sheets in question in the furnaces used for baking his china."
+
+While I was relating this business to the Queen the King coloured and
+held his head down over his plate.  The Queen said to him, "Do you know
+anything about this, Sire?"  The King made no answer.  Madame Elisabeth
+requested him to explain what it meant.  Louis was still silent.  I
+withdrew hastily.  A few minutes afterwards the Queen came to my room and
+informed me that the King, out of regard for her, had purchased the whole
+edition struck off from the manuscript which I had mentioned to her, and
+that M. de Laporte had not been able to devise any more secret way of
+destroying the work than that of having it burnt at Sevres, among two
+hundred workmen, one hundred and eighty of whom must, in all probability,
+be Jacobins!  She told me she had concealed her vexation from the King;
+that he was in consternation, and that she could say nothing, since his
+good intentions and his affection for her had been the cause of the
+mistake.
+
+     [M. de Laporte had by order of the King bought up the whole edition
+     of the "Memoirs" of the notorious Madame de Lamotte against the
+     Queen.  Instead of destroying them immediately, he shut them up in
+     one of the closets in his house, The alarming and rapid growth of
+     the rebellion, the arrogance of the crowd of brigands, who in great
+     measure composed the populace of Paris, and the fresh excesses daily
+     resulting from it, rendered the intendant of the civil list
+     apprehensive that some mob might break into his house, carry off
+     these "Memoirs," and spread them among the public.  In order to
+     prevent this he gave orders to have the "Memoirs" burnt with every
+     necessary precaution; and the clerk who received the order entrusted
+     the execution of it to a man named Riston, a dangerous Intriguer,
+     formerly an advocate of Nancy, who had a twelve-month before escaped
+     the gallows by favour of the new principles and the patriotism of
+     the new tribunals, although convicted of forging the great seal, and
+     fabricating decrees of the council.  This Riston, finding himself
+     entrusted with a commission which concerned her Majesty, and the
+     mystery attending which bespoke something of importance, was less
+     anxious to execute it faithfully than to make a parade of this mark
+     of confidence.  On the 30th of May, at ten in the morning, he had
+     the sheets carried to the porcelain manufactory at Sevres, in a cart
+     which he himself accompanied, and made a large fire of them before
+     all the workmen, who were expressly forbidden to approach it.  All
+     these precautions, and the suspicions to which they gave rise, under
+     such critical circumstances, gave so much publicity to this affair
+     that it was denounced to the Assembly that very night.  Brissot, and
+     the whole Jacobin party, with equal effrontery and vehemence,
+     insisted that the papers thus secretly burnt could be no other than
+     the registers and documents of the correspondence of the Austrian
+     committee.  M. de Laporte was ordered to the bar, and there gave the
+     most precise account of the circumstances.  Riston was also called
+     up, and confirmed M. de Laporte's deposition.  But these
+     explanations, however satisfactory, did not calm the violent ferment
+     raised in the Assembly by this affair.--"Memoirs of Bertrand de
+     Molleville."]
+
+Some time afterwards the Assembly received a denunciation against M. de
+Montmorin.  The ex-minister was accused of having neglected forty
+despatches from M. Genet, the charge d'affaires from France in Russia,
+not having even unsealed them, because M. Genet acted on constitutional
+principles.  M. de Montmorin appeared at the bar to answer this
+accusation.  Whatever distress I might feel in obeying the order I had
+received from the King to go and give him an account of the sitting, I
+thought I ought not to fail in doing so.  But instead of giving my
+brother his family name, I merely said "your Majesty's charge d'affaires
+at St. Petersburg."
+
+The King did me the favour to say that he noticed a reserve in my
+account, of which he approved.  The Queen condescended to add a few
+obliging remarks to those of the King.  However, my office of journalist
+gave me in this instance so much pain that I took an opportunity, when
+the King was expressing his satisfaction to me at the manner in which I
+gave him this daily account, to tell him that its merits belonged wholly
+to M. d'Aubier; and I ventured to request the King to suffer that
+excellent man to give him an account of the sittings himself.  I assured
+the King that if he would permit it, that gentleman might proceed to the
+Queen's apartments through mine unseen; the King consented to the
+arrangement.  Thenceforward M. d'Aubier gave the King repeated proofs of
+zeal and attachment.
+
+The Cure of St. Eustache ceased to be the Queen's confessor when he took
+the constitutional oath.  I do not remember the name of the ecclesiastic
+who succeeded him; I only know that he was conducted into her apartments
+with the greatest mystery.  Their Majesties did not perform their Easter
+devotions in public, because they could neither declare for the
+constitutional clergy, nor act so as to show that they were against them.
+
+The Queen did perform her Easter devotions in 1792; but she went to the
+chapel attended only by myself.  She desired me beforehand to request one
+of my relations, who was her chaplain, to celebrate a mass for her at
+five o'clock in the morning.  It was still dark; she gave me her arm,
+and I lighted her with a taper.  I left her alone at the chapel door.
+She did not return to her room until the dawn of day.
+
+Dangers increased daily.  The Assembly were strengthened in the eyes of
+the people by the hostilities of the foreign armies and the army of the
+Princes.  The communication with the latter party became more active;
+the Queen wrote almost every day.  M. de Goguelat possessed her
+confidence for all correspondence with the foreign parties, and I was
+obliged to have him in my apartments; the Queen asked for him very
+frequently, and at times which she could not previously appoint.
+
+All parties were exerting themselves either to ruin or to save the King.
+One day I found the Queen extremely agitated; she told me she no longer
+knew where she was; that the leaders of the Jacobins offered themselves
+to her through the medium of Dumouriez; or that Dumouriez, abandoning the
+Jacobins, had come and offered himself to her; that she had granted him
+an audience; that when alone with her, he had thrown himself at her feet,
+and told her that he had drawn the 'bonnet rouge' over his head to the
+very ears; but that he neither was nor could be a Jacobin; that the
+Revolution had been suffered to extend even to that rabble of destroyers
+who, thinking of nothing but pillage, were ripe for anything, and might
+furnish the Assembly with a formidable army, ready to undermine the
+remains of a throne already but too much shaken.  Whilst speaking with
+the utmost ardour he seized the Queen's hand and kissed it with
+transport, exclaiming, "Suffer yourself to be saved!"  The Queen told me
+that the protestations of a traitor were not to be relied on; that the
+whole of his conduct was so well known that undoubtedly the wisest course
+was not to trust to it;
+
+     [The sincerity of General Dumouriez cannot be doubted in this
+     instance.  The second volume of his Memoirs shows how unjust the
+     mistrust and reproaches of the Queen were.  By rejecting his
+     services, Marie Antoinette deprived herself of her only remaining
+     support.  He who saved France in the defiles of Argonne would
+     perhaps have saved France before the 20th of June, had he obtained
+     the full confidence of Louis XVI. and the Queen.--NOTE BY THE
+     EDITOR.]
+
+that, moreover, the Princes particularly recommended that no confidence
+should be placed in any proposition emanating from within the kingdom;
+that the force without became imposing; and that it was better to rely
+upon their success, and upon the protection due from Heaven to a
+sovereign so virtuous as Louis XVI.  and to so just a cause.
+
+The constitutionalists, on their part, saw that there had been nothing
+more than a pretence of listening to them.  Barnave's last advice was as
+to the means of continuing, a few weeks longer, the Constitutional Guard,
+which had been denounced to the Assembly, and was to be disbanded.  The
+denunciation against the Constitutional Guard affected only its staff,
+and the Duc de Brissac.  Barnave wrote to the Queen that the staff of the
+guard was already attacked; that the Assembly was about to pass a decree
+to reduce it; and he entreated her to prevail on the King, the very
+instant the decree should appear, to form the staff afresh of persons
+whose names he sent her.  Barnave said that all who were set down in it
+passed for decided Jacobins, but were not so in fact; that they, as well
+as himself, were in despair at seeing the monarchical government
+attacked; that they had learnt to dissemble their sentiments, and that it
+would be at least a fortnight before the Assembly could know them well,
+and certainly before it could succeed in making them unpopular; that it
+would be necessary to take advantage of that short space of time to get
+away from Paris, immediately after their nomination.  The Queen was of
+opinion that she ought not to yield to this advice.  The Duc de Brissac
+was sent to Orleans, and the guard was disbanded.
+
+Barnave, seeing that the Queen did not follow his counsel in anything,
+and convinced that she placed all her reliance on assistance from abroad,
+determined to quit Paris.  He obtained a last audience.  "Your
+misfortunes, Madame," said he, "and those which I anticipate for France,.
+determined me to sacrifice myself to serve you.  I see, however, that my
+advice does not agree with the views of your Majesties.  I augur but
+little advantage from the plan you are induced to pursue,--you are too
+remote from your succours; you will be lost before they reach you.  Most
+ardently do I wish I may be mistaken in so lamentable a prediction; but I
+am sure to pay with my head for the interest your misfortunes have raised
+in me, and the services I have sought to render you.  I request, for my
+sole reward, the honour of kissing your hand."  The Queen, her eyes
+suffused with tears, granted him that favour, and remained impressed with
+a favourable idea of his sentiments.  Madame Elisabeth participated in
+this opinion, and the two Princesses frequently spoke of Barnave.  The
+Queen also received M. Duport several times, but with less mystery.  Her
+connection with the constitutional deputies transpired.  Alexandre de
+Lameth was the only one of the three who survived the vengeance of the
+Jacobins.
+
+     [Barnave was arrested at Grenoble.  He remained in prison in that
+     town fifteen months, and his friends began to hope that he would be
+     forgotten, when an order arrived that he should be removed to Paris.
+     At first he was imprisoned in the Abbaye, but transferred to the
+     Conciergerie, and almost immediately taken before the revolutionary
+     tribunal.  He appeared there with wonderful firmness, summed up the
+     services he had rendered to the cause of liberty with his usual
+     eloquence, and made such an impression upon the numerous auditors
+     that, although accustomed to behold only conspirators worthy of
+     death in all those who appeared before the tribunal, they themselves
+     considered his acquittal certain.  The decree of death was read
+     amidst the deepest silence; but Barnave'a firmness was immovable.
+     When he left the court, he cast upon the judges, the jurors, and the
+     public looks expressive of contempt and indignation.  He was led to
+     his fate with the respected Duport du Tertre, one of the last
+     ministers of Louis XVI. when he had ascended the scaffold, Barnave
+     stamped, raised his eyes to heaven, and said: "This, then, is the
+     reward of all that I have done for liberty!"  He fell on the 29th of
+     October, 1793, in the thirty-second year of his age; his bust was
+     placed in the Grenoble Museum.  The Consular Government placed his
+     statue next to that of Vergniaud, on the great staircase of the
+     palace of the Senate.--"Biographie de Bruxelles."]
+
+The National Guard, which succeeded the King's Guard, having occupied the
+gates of the Tuileries, all who came to see the Queen were insulted with
+impunity.  Menacing cries were uttered aloud even in the Tuileries; they
+called for the destruction of the throne, and the murder of the
+sovereign; the grossest insults were offered by the very lowest of the
+mob.
+
+About this time the King fell into a despondent state, which amounted
+almost to physical helplessness.  He passed ten successive days without
+uttering a single word, even in the bosom of his family; except, indeed,
+when playing at backgammon after dinner with Madame Elisabeth.  The Queen
+roused him from this state, so fatal at a critical period, by throwing
+herself at his feet, urging every alarming idea, and employing every
+affectionate expression.  She represented also what he owed to his
+family; and told him that if they were doomed to fall they ought to fall
+honourably, and not wait to be smothered upon the floor of their
+apartment.
+
+About the 15th of June, 1792, the King refused his sanction to the two
+decrees ordaining the deportation of priests and the formation of a camp
+of twenty thousand men under the walls of Paris.  He himself wished to
+sanction them, and said that the general insurrection only waited for a
+pretence to burst forth.  The Queen insisted upon the veto, and
+reproached herself bitterly when this last act of the constitutional
+authority had occasioned the day of the 20th of June.
+
+A few days previously about twenty thousand men had gone to the Commune
+to announce that, on the 20th, they would plant the tree of liberty at
+the door of the National Assembly, and present a petition to the King
+respecting the veto which he had placed upon the decree for the
+deportation of the priests.  This dreadful army crossed the garden of the
+Tuileries, and marched under the Queen's windows; it consisted of people
+who called themselves the citizens of the Faubourgs St. Antoine and St.
+Marceau.  Clothed in filthy rags, they bore a most terrifying appearance,
+and even infected the air.  People asked each other where such an army
+could come from; nothing so disgusting had ever before appeared in Paris.
+
+On the 20th of June this mob thronged about the Tuileries in still
+greater numbers, armed with pikes, hatchets, and murderous instruments of
+all kinds, decorated with ribbons of the national colours, Shouting, "The
+nation for ever!  Down with the veto!"  The King was without guards.
+Some of these desperadoes rushed up to his apartment; the door was about
+to be forced in, when the King commanded that it should be opened.
+Messieurs de Bougainville, d'Hervilly, de Parois, d'Aubier, Acloque,
+Gentil, and other courageous men who were in the apartment of M. de
+Septeuil, the King's first valet de chambre, instantly ran to his
+Majesty's apartment.  M. de Bougainville, seeing the torrent furiously
+advancing, cried out, "Put the King in the recess of the window, and
+place benches before him."  Six royalist grenadiers of the battalion of
+the Filles Saint Thomas made their way by an inner staircase, and ranged
+themselves before the benches.  The order given by M. de Bougainville
+saved the King from the blades of the assassins, among whom was a Pole
+named Lazousky, who was to strike the first blow.  The King's brave
+defenders said, "Sire, fear nothing."  The King's reply is well known:
+"Put your hand upon my heart, and you will perceive whether I am afraid."
+M. Vanot, commandant of battalion, warded off a blow aimed by a wretch
+against the King; a grenadier of the Filles Saint Thomas parried a sword-
+thrust made in the same direction.  Madame Elisabeth ran to her brother's
+apartments; when she reached the door she heard loud threats of death
+against the Queen: they called for the head of the Austrian.  "Ah!  let
+them think I am the Queen," she said to those around her, "that she may
+have time to escape."
+
+The Queen could not join the King; she was in the council chamber, where
+she had been placed behind the great table to protect her, as much as
+possible, against the approach of the barbarians.  Preserving a noble and
+becoming demeanour in this dreadful situation, she held the Dauphin
+before her, seated upon the table.  Madame was at her side; the Princesse
+de Lamballe, the Princesse de Tarente, Madame de la Roche-Aymon, Madame
+de Tourzel, and Madame de Mackau surrounded her.  She had fixed a
+tricoloured cockade, which one of the National Guard had given her, upon
+her head.  The poor little Dauphin was, like the King, shrouded in an
+enormous red cap.  The horde passed in files before the table;
+
+     [One of the circumstances of the 20th of June which most vexed the
+     King's friends being that of his wearing the bonnet rouge nearly
+     three hours, I ventured to ask him for some explanation of a fact so
+     strikingly in contrast with the extraordinary intrepidity shown by
+     his Majesty during that horrible day.  This was his answer: "The
+     cries of 'The nation for ever!' violently increasing around me, and
+     seeming to be addressed to me, I replied that the nation had not a
+     warmer friend than myself.  Upon this an ill-looking man, making his
+     way through the crowd, came up to me and said, rather roughly,
+     'Well, if you speak the truth, prove it by putting on this red cap.'
+     'I consent,' replied I.  One or two of them immediately came forward
+     and placed the cap upon my hair, for it was too small for my head.
+     I was convinced, I knew not why, that his intention was merely to
+     place the cap upon my head for a moment, and then to take it off
+     again; and I was so completely taken up with what was passing before
+     me that I did not feel whether the cap did or did not remain upon my
+     hair.  I was so little aware of it that when I returned to my room I
+     knew only from being told so that it was still there.  I was very
+     much surprised to find it upon my head, and was the more vexed at it
+     because I might have taken it off immediately without the smallest
+     difficulty.  But I am satisfied that if I had hesitated to consent
+     to its being placed upon my head the drunken fellow who offered it
+     to me would have thrust his pike into my stomach."--"Memoirs of
+     Bertrand de Molleville."]
+
+the sort of standards which they carried were symbols of the most
+atrocious barbarity.  There was one representing a gibbet, to which a
+dirty doll was suspended; the words "Marie Antoinette a la lanterne" were
+written beneath it.  Another was a board, to which a bullock's heart was
+fastened, with "Heart of Louis XVI." written round it.  And a third
+showed the horn of an ox, with an obscene inscription.
+
+One of the most furious Jacobin women who marched with these wretches
+stopped to give vent to a thousand imprecations against the Queen.  Her
+Majesty asked whether she had ever seen her.  She replied that she had
+not.  Whether she had done her any, personal wrong?  Her answer was the
+same; but she added:
+
+"It is you who have caused the misery of the nation."
+
+"You have been told so," answered the Queen; "you are deceived.  As the
+wife of the King of France, and mother of the Dauphin, I am a French-
+woman; I shall never see my own country again, I can be happy or unhappy
+only in France; I was happy when you loved me."
+
+The fury began to weep, asked her pardon, and said, "It was because I did
+not know you; I see that you are good."
+
+Santerre, the monarch of the faubourgs, made his subjects file off as
+quickly as he could; and it was thought at the time that he was ignorant
+of the object of this insurrection, which was the murder of the royal
+family.  However, it was eight o'clock in the evening before the palace
+was completely cleared.  Twelve deputies, impelled by attachment to the
+King's person, ranged themselves near him at the commencement of the
+insurrection; but the deputation from the Assembly did not reach the
+Tuileries until six in the evening; all the doors of the apartments were
+broken.  The Queen pointed out to the deputies the state of the King's
+palace, and the disgraceful manner in which his asylum had been violated
+under the very eyes of the Assembly; she saw that Merlin de Thionville
+was so much affected as to shed tears while she spoke.
+
+"You weep, M. Merlin," said she to him, "at seeing the King and his
+family so cruelly treated by a people whom he always wished to make
+happy."
+
+"True, Madame," replied Merlin; "I weep for the misfortunes of a
+beautiful and feeling woman, the mother of a family; but do not mistake,
+not one of my tears falls for either King or Queen; I hate kings and
+queens,--it is my religion."
+
+The Queen could not appreciate this madness, and saw all that was to be
+apprehended by persons who evinced it.
+
+All hope was gone, and nothing was thought of but succour from abroad.
+The Queen appealed to her family and the King's brothers; her letters
+probably became more pressing, and expressed apprehensions upon the
+tardiness of relief.  Her Majesty read me one to herself from the
+Archduchess Christina, Gouvernante of the Low Countries: she reproached
+the Queen for some of her expressions, and told her that those out of
+France were at least as much alarmed as herself at the King's situation
+and her own; but that the manner of attempting to assist her might either
+save her or endanger her safety; and that the members of the coalition
+were bound to act prudently, entrusted as they were with interests so
+dear to them.
+
+The 14th of July, 1792, fixed by the constitution as the anniversary of
+the independence of the nation drew near.  The King and Queen were
+compelled to make their appearance on the occasion; aware that the plot
+of the 20th of June had their assassination for its object, they had no
+doubt but that their death was determined on for the day of this national
+festival.  The Queen was recommended, in order to give the King's friends
+time to defend him if the attack should be made, to guard him against the
+first stroke of a dagger by making him wear a breastplate.  I was
+directed to get one made in my apartments: it was composed of fifteen
+folds of Italian taffety, and formed into an under-waistcoat and a wide
+belt.  This breastplate was tried; it resisted all thrusts of the dagger,
+and several balls were turned aside by it.  When it was completed the
+difficulty was to let the King try it on without running the risk of
+being surprised.  I wore the immense heavy waistcoat as an under-
+petticoat for three days without being able to find a favourable moment.
+At length the King found an opportunity one morning to pull off his coat
+in the Queen's chamber and try on the breastplate.
+
+The Queen was in bed; the King pulled me gently by the gown, and drew me
+as far as he could from the Queen's bed, and said to me, in a very low
+tone of voice: "It is to satisfy her that I submit to this inconvenience:
+they will not assassinate me; their scheme is changed; they will put me
+to death another way."  The Queen heard the King whispering to me, and
+when he was gone out she asked me what he had said.  I hesitated to
+answer; she insisted that I should, saying that nothing must be concealed
+from her, and that she was resigned upon every point.
+
+When she was informed of the King's remark she told me she had guessed
+it, that he had long since observed to her that all which was going
+forward in France was an imitation of the revolution in England in the
+time of Charles I., and that he was incessantly reading the history of
+that unfortunate monarch in order that he might act better than Charles
+had done at a similar crisis.  "I begin to be fearful of the King's being
+brought to trial," continued the Queen; "as to me, I am a foreigner; they
+will assassinate me.  What will become of my poor children?"
+
+These sad ejaculations were followed by a torrent of tears.  I wished to
+give her an antispasmodic; she refused it, saying that only happy women
+could feel nervous; that the cruel situation to which she was reduced
+rendered these remedies useless.  In fact, the Queen, who during her
+happier days was frequently attacked by hysterical disorders, enjoyed
+more uniform health when all the faculties of her soul were called forth
+to support her physical strength.
+
+I had prepared a corset for her, for the same purpose as the King's
+under-waistcoat, without her knowledge; but she would not make use of it;
+all my entreaties, all my tears, were in vain.  "If the factions
+assassinate me," she replied, "it will be a fortunate event for me; they
+will deliver me from a most painful existence."  A few days after the
+King had tried on his breastplate I met him on a back staircase.  I drew
+back to let him pass.  He stopped and took my hand; I wished to kiss his;
+he would not suffer it, but drew me towards him by the hand, and kissed
+both my cheeks without saying a single word.
+
+The fear of another attack upon the Tuileries occasioned scrupulous
+search among the King's papers
+
+I burnt almost all those belonging to the Queen.  She put her family
+letters, a great deal of correspondence which she thought it necessary to
+preserve for the history of the era of the Revolution, and particularly
+Barnave's letters and her answers, of which she had copies, into a
+portfolio, which she entrusted to M. de J----.  That gentleman was unable
+to save this deposit, and it was burnt.  The Queen left a few papers in
+her secretaire.  Among them were instructions to Madame de Tourzel,
+respecting the dispositions of her children and the characters and
+abilities of the sub-governesses under that lady's orders.  This paper,
+which the Queen drew up at the time of Madame de Tourzel's appointment,
+with several letters from Maria Theresa, filled with the best advice and
+instructions, was printed after the 10th of August by order of the
+Assembly in the collection of papers found in the secretaires of the King
+and Queen.
+
+Her Majesty had still, without reckoning the income of the month, one
+hundred and forty thousand francs in gold.  She was desirous of
+depositing the whole of it with me; but I advised her to retain fifteen
+hundred louis, as a sum of rather considerable amount might be suddenly
+necessary for her.  The King had an immense quantity of papers, and
+unfortunately conceived the idea of privately making, with the assistance
+of a locksmith who had worked with him above ten years, a place of
+concealment in an inner corridor of his apartments.  The place of
+concealment, but for the man's information, would have been long
+undiscovered?  The wall in which it was made was painted to imitate large
+stones, and the opening was entirely concealed among the brown grooves
+which formed the shaded part of these painted stones.  But even before
+this locksmith had denounced what was afterwards called the iron closet
+to the Assembly, the Queen was aware that he had talked of it to some of
+his friends; and that this man, in whom the King from long habit placed
+too much confidence, was a Jacobin.  She warned the King of it, and
+prevailed on him to fill a very large portfolio with all the papers he
+was most interested in preserving, and entrust it to me.  She entreated
+him in my presence to leave nothing in this closet; and the King, in
+order to quiet her, told her that he had left nothing there.  I would
+have taken the portfolio and carried it to my apartment, but it was too
+heavy for me to lift.  The King said he would carry it himself; I went
+before to open the doors for him.  When he placed the portfolio in my
+inner closet he merely said, "The Queen will tell you what it contains."
+Upon my return to the Queen I put the question to her, deeming, from what
+the King had said, that it was necessary I should know.  "They are," the
+Queen answered me, "such documents as would be most dangerous to the King
+should they go so far as to proceed to a trial against him.  But what he
+wishes me to tell you is, that the portfolio contains a 'proces-verbal'
+of a cabinet council, in which the King gave his opinion against the war.
+He had it signed by all the ministers, and, in case of a trial, he trusts
+that this document will be very useful to him."  I asked the Queen to
+whom she thought I ought to commit the portfolio.  "To whom you please,"
+answered she; "you alone are answerable for it.  Do not quit the palace
+even during your vacation months: there may be circumstances under which
+it would be very desirable that we should be able to have it instantly."
+
+At this period M. de La Fayette, who had probably given up the idea of
+establishing a republic in France similar to that of the United States,
+and was desirous to support the first constitution which he had sworn to
+defend, quitted his army and came to the Assembly for the purpose of
+supporting by his presence and by an energetic speech a petition signed
+by twenty thousand citizens against the late violation of the residence
+of the King and his family.  The General found the constitutional party
+powerless, and saw that he himself had lost his popularity.  The Assembly
+disapproved of the step he had taken; the King, for whom it, was taken,
+showed no satisfaction at it, and he saw himself compelled to return to
+his army as quickly as he could.  He thought he could rely on the
+National Guard; but on the day of his arrival those officers who were in
+the King's interest inquired of his Majesty whether they were to forward
+the views of Gendral de La Fayette by joining him in such measures as he
+should pursue during his stay at Paris.  The King enjoined them not to do
+so.  From this answer M. de La Fayette perceived that he was abandoned by
+the remainder of his party in the Paris guard.
+
+On his arrival a plan was presented to the Queen, in which it was
+proposed by a junction between La Fayette's army and the King's party to
+rescue the royal family and convey them to Rouen.  I did not learn the
+particulars of this plan; the Queen only said to me upon the subject that
+M. de La Fayette was offered to them as a resource; but that it would be
+better for them to perish than to owe their safety to the man who had
+done them the most mischief, or to place themselves under the necessity
+of treating with him.
+
+I passed the whole month of July without going to bed; I was fearful of
+some attack by night.  There was one plot against the Queen's life which
+has never been made known.  I was alone by her bedside at one o'clock in
+the morning; we heard somebody walking softly down the corridor, which
+passes along the whole line of her apartments, and which was then locked
+at each end.  I went out to fetch the valet de chambre; he entered the
+corridor, and the Queen and myself soon heard the noise of two men
+fighting.  The unfortunate Princess held me locked in her arms, and
+said to me, "What a situation! insults by day and assassins by night!"
+The valet de chambre cried out to her from the corridor, "Madame, it is a
+wretch that I know; I have him!"--"Let him go," said the Queen; "open the
+door to him; he came to murder me; the Jacobins would carry him about in
+triumph to-morrow."  The man was a servant of the King's toilet, who had
+taken the key of the corridor out of his Majesty's pocket after he was in
+bed, no doubt with the intention of committing the crime suspected.  The
+valet de chambre, who was a very strong man, held him by the wrists, and
+thrust him out at the door.  The wretch did not speak a word.  The valet
+de chambre said, in answer to the Queen, who spoke to him gratefully of
+the danger to which he had exposed himself, that he feared nothing, and
+that he had always a pair of excellent pistols about him for no other
+purpose than to defend her Majesty.  The next day M. de Septeuil had all
+the locks of the King's inner apartments changed.  I did the same by
+those of the Queen.
+
+We were every moment told that the Faubourg St. Antoine was preparing to
+march against the palace.  At four o'clock one morning towards the latter
+end of July a person came to give me information to that effect.  I
+instantly sent off two men, on whom I could rely, with orders to proceed
+to the usual places for assembling, and to come back speedily and give me
+an account of the state of the city.  We knew that at least an hour must
+elapse before the populace or the faubourgs assembled on the site of the
+Bastille could reach the Tuileries.  It seemed to me sufficient for the
+Queen's safety that all about her should be awakened. I went softly into
+her room; she was asleep; I did not awaken her.  I found General de W----
+in the great closet; he told me the meeting was, for this once,
+dispersing.  The General had endeavoured to please the populace by the
+same means as M. de La Fayette had employed.  He saluted the lowest
+poissarde, and lowered his hat down to his very stirrup. But the
+populace, who had been flattered for three years, required far different
+homage to its power, and the poor man was unnoticed.  The King had been
+awakened, and so had Madame Elisabeth, who had gone to him.  The Queen,
+yielding to the weight of her griefs, slept till nine o'clock on that
+day, which was very unusual with her.  The King had already been to know
+whether she was awake; I told him what I had done, and the care I had
+taken not to disturb her.  He thanked me, and said, "I was awake, and so
+was the whole palace; she ran no risk.  I am very glad to see her take a
+little rest.  Alas! her griefs double mine!" What was my chagrin when,
+upon awaking and learning what had passed, the Queen burst into tears
+from regret at not having been called, and began to upbraid me, on whose
+friendship she ought to have been able to rely, for having served her so
+ill under such circumstances!  In vain did I reiterate that it had been
+only a false alarm, and that she required to have her strength recruited.
+"It is not diminished," said she; "misfortune gives us additional
+strength.  Elisabeth was with the King, and I was asleep,--I who am
+determined to perish by his side!  I am his wife; I will not suffer him
+to incur the smallest risk without my sharing it."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+During July the correspondence of M. Bertrand de Molleville with the King
+and Queen was most active.  M. de Marsilly, formerly a lieutenant of the
+Cent-Suisses of the Guard, was the bearer of the letters.
+
+     [I received by night only the King's answer, written with his own
+     hand, in the margin of my letter.  I always sent him back with the
+     day's letter that to which he had replied the day before, so that my
+     letters and his answers, of which I contented myself with taking
+     notes only, never remained with me twenty-four hours.  I proposed
+     this arrangement to his Majesty to remove all uneasiness from his
+     mind; my letters were generally delivered to the King or the Queen
+     by M. de Marsilly, captain of the King's Guard, whose attachment and
+     fidelity were known to their Majesties.  I also sometimes employed
+     M. Bernard de Marigny, who had left Brest for the purpose of sharing
+     with his Majesty's faithful servants the dangers which threatened
+     the King.--"Memoirs of Bertrand de Molleville," vol.  ii., p.  12.]
+
+He came to me the first time with a note from the Queen directed to M.
+Bertrand himself.  In this note the Queen said: "Address yourself with
+full confidence to Madame Campan; the conduct of her brother in Russia
+has not at all influenced her sentiments; she is wholly devoted to us;
+and if, hereafter, you should have anything to say to us verbally, you
+may rely entirely upon her devotion and discretion."
+
+The mobs which gathered almost nightly in the faubourgs alarmed the
+Queen's friends; they entreated her not to sleep in her room on the
+ground floor of the Tuileries.  She removed to the first floor, to a room
+which was between the King's apartments and those of the Dauphin.  Being
+awake always from daybreak, she ordered that neither the shutters nor the
+window-blinds should be closed, that her long sleepless nights might be
+the less weary.  About the middle of one of these nights, when the moon
+was shining into her bedchamber, she gazed at it, and told me that in a
+month she should not see that moon unless freed from her chains, and
+beholding the King at liberty.  She then imparted to me all that was
+concurring to deliver them; but said that the opinions of their intimate
+advisers were alarmingly at variance; that some vouched for complete
+success, while others pointed out insurmountable dangers.  She added that
+she possessed the itinerary of the march of the Princes and the King of
+Prussia: that on such a day they would be at Verdun, on another day at
+such a place, that Lille was about to be besieged, but that M. de J-----,
+whose prudence and intelligence the King, as well as herself, highly
+valued, alarmed them much respecting the success of that siege, and made
+them apprehensive that, even were the commandant devoted to them, the
+civil authority, which by the constitution gave great power to the mayors
+of towns, would overrule the military commandant.  She was also very
+uneasy as to what would take place at Paris during the interval, and
+spoke to me of the King's want of energy, but always in terms expressive
+of her veneration for his virtues and her attachment to himself.--
+"The King," said she, "is not a coward; he possesses abundance of passive
+courage, but he is overwhelmed by an awkward shyness, a mistrust of
+himself, which proceeds from his education as much as from his
+disposition.  He is afraid to command, and, above all things, dreads
+speaking to assembled numbers.  He lived like a child, and always ill at
+ease under the eyes of Louis XV., until the age of twenty-one.  This
+constraint confirmed his timidity.
+
+"Circumstanced as we are, a few well-delivered words addressed to the
+Parisians, who are devoted to him, would multiply the strength of our
+party a hundredfold: he will not utter them.  What can we expect from
+those addresses to the people which he has been advised to post up?
+Nothing but fresh outrages.  As for myself, I could do anything, and
+would appear on horseback if necessary.  But if I were really to begin to
+act, that would be furnishing arms to the King's enemies; the cry against
+the Austrian, and against the sway of a woman, would become general in
+France; and, moreover, by showing myself, I should render the King a mere
+nothing.  A queen who is not regent ought, under these circumstances, to
+remain passive and prepare to die."
+
+The garden of the Tuileries was full of maddened men, who insulted all
+who seemed to side with the Court.  "The Life of Marie Antoinette" was
+cried under the Queen's windows, infamous plates were annexed to the
+book, the hawkers showed them to the passersby.  On all sides were heard
+the jubilant outcries of a people in a state of delirium almost as
+frightful as the explosion of their rage.  The Queen and her children
+were unable to breathe the open air any longer.  It was determined that
+the garden of the Tuileries should be closed: as soon as this step was
+taken the Assembly decreed that the whole length of the Terrace des
+Feuillans belonged to it, and fixed the boundary between what was called
+the national ground and the Coblentz ground by a tricoloured ribbon
+stretched from one end of the terrace to the other.  All good citizens
+were ordered, by notices affixed to it, not to go down into the garden,
+under pain of being treated in the same manner as Foulon and Berthier.
+A young man who did not observe this written order went down into the
+garden; furious outcries, threats of la lanterne, and the crowd of people
+which collected upon the terrace warned him of his imprudence, and the
+danger which he ran.  He immediately pulled off his shoes, took out his
+handkerchief, and wiped the dust from their soles.  The people cried out,
+"Bravo!  the good citizen for ever!"  He was carried off in triumph.  The
+shutting up of the Tuileries did not enable the Queen and her children to
+walk in the garden.  The people on the terrace sent forth dreadful
+shouts, and she was twice compelled to return to her apartments.
+
+In the early part of August many zealous persons offered the King money;
+he refused considerable sums, being unwilling to injure the fortunes of
+individuals.  M. de la Ferte, intendant of the 'menus plaisirs', brought
+me a thousand louis, requesting me to lay them at the feet of the Queen.
+He thought she could not have too much money at so perilous a time, and
+that every good Frenchman should hasten to place all his ready money in
+her hands.  She refused this sum, and others of much greater amount which
+were offered to her.
+
+     [M. Auguie, my brother-in-law, receiver-general of the finances,
+     offered her, through his wife, a portfolio containing one hundred
+     thousand crowns in paper money.  On this occasion the Queen said the
+     most affecting things to my sister, expressive of her happiness at
+     having contributed to the fortunes of such faithful subjects as
+     herself and her husband, but declined her offer.--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+However, a few days afterwards, she told me she would accept M. de la
+Ferte's twenty-four thousand francs, because they would make up a sum
+which the King had to expend.  She therefore directed, me to go and
+receive those twenty-four thousand francs, to add them to the one hundred
+thousand francs she had placed in my hands, and to change the whole into
+assignats to increase their amount.  Her orders were executed, and the
+assignats were delivered to the King.  The Queen informed me that Madame
+Elisabeth had found a well-meaning man who had engaged to gain over
+Petion by the bribe of a large sum of money, and that deputy would, by a
+preconcerted signal, inform the King of the success of the project.  His
+Majesty soon had an opportunity of seeing Petion, and on the Queen asking
+him before me if he was satisfied with him, the King replied, "Neither
+more nor less satisfied than usual; he did not make the concerted signal,
+and I believe I have been cheated."  The Queen then condescended to
+explain the whole of the enigma to me.  "Petion," said she, "was, while
+talking to the King, to have kept his finger fixed upon his right eye for
+at least two seconds."--"He did not even put his hand up to his chin,"
+said the King; "after all, it is but so much money stolen: the thief will
+not boast of it, and the affair will remain a secret.  Let us talk of
+something else."  He turned to me and said, "Your father was an intimate
+friend of Mandat, who now commands the National Guard; describe him to
+me; what ought I to expect from him?"  I answered that he was one of his
+Majesty's most faithful subjects, but that with a great deal of loyalty
+he possessed very little sense, and that he was involved in the
+constitutional vortex.  "I understand," said the King; "he is a man who
+would defend my palace and my person, because that is enjoined by the
+constitution which he has sworn to support, but who would fight against
+the party in favour of sovereign authority; it is well to know this with
+certainty."
+
+On the next day the Princesse de Lamballe sent for me very early in the
+morning.  I found her on a sofa facing a window that looked upon the Pont
+Royal.  She then occupied that apartment of the Pavilion of Flora which
+was on a level with that of the Queen.  She desired me to sit down by
+her.  Her Highness had a writing-desk upon her knees.  "You have had many
+enemies," said she; "attempts have been made to deprive you of the
+Queen's favour; they have been far from successful.  Do you know that
+even I myself, not being so well acquainted with you as the Queen, was
+rendered suspicious of you; and that upon the arrival of the Court at the
+Tuileries I gave you a companion to be a spy upon you; and that I had
+another belonging to the police placed at your door!  I was assured that
+you received five or six of the most virulent deputies of the Tiers Etat;
+but it was that wardrobe woman whose rooms were above you.
+
+"In short," said the Princess, "persons of integrity have nothing to fear
+from the evil-disposed when they belong to so upright a prince as the
+King.  As to the Queen, she knows you, and has loved you ever since
+she came into France.  You shall judge of the King's opinion of you: it
+was yesterday evening decided in the family circle that, at a time when
+the Tuileries is likely to be attacked, it was necessary to have the most
+faithful account of the opinions and conduct of all the individuals
+composing the Queen's service.  The King takes the same precaution on his
+part respecting all who are about him.  He said there was with him a
+person of great integrity, to whom he would commit this inquiry; and
+that, with regard to the Queen's household, you must be spoken to, that
+he had long studied your character, and that he esteemed your veracity."
+
+The Princess had a list of the names of all who belonged to the Queen's
+chamber on her desk.  She asked me for information respecting each
+individual.  I was fortunate in having none but the most favourable
+information to give.  I had to speak of my avowed enemy in the Queen's
+chamber; of her who most wished that I should be responsible for my
+brother's political opinions.  The Princess, as the head of the chamber,
+could not be ignorant of this circumstance; but as the person in
+question, who idolised the King and Queen, would not have hesitated to
+sacrifice her life in order to save theirs, and as possibly her
+attachment to them, united to considerable narrowness of intellect and a
+limited education, contributed to her jealousy of me, I spoke of her in
+the highest terms.
+
+The Princess wrote as I dictated, and occasionally looked at me with
+astonishment.  When I had done I entreated her to write in the margin
+that the lady alluded to was my declared enemy.  She embraced me, saying,
+"Ah! do not write it!  we should not record an unhappy circumstance which
+ought to be forgotten."  We came to a man of genius who was much attached
+to the Queen, and I described him as a man born solely to contradict,
+showing himself an aristocrat with democrats, and a democrat among
+aristocrats; but still a man of probity, and well disposed to his
+sovereign.  The Princess said she knew many persons of that disposition,
+and that she was delighted I had nothing to say against this man, because
+she herself had placed him about the Queen.
+
+The whole of her Majesty's chamber, which consisted entirely of persons
+of fidelity, gave throughout all the dreadful convulsions of the
+Revolution proofs of the greatest prudence and self-devotion.  The same
+cannot be said of the antechambers.  With the exception of three or four,
+all the servants of that class were outrageous Jacobins; and I saw on
+those occasions the necessity of composing the private household of
+princes of persons completely separated from the class of the people.
+
+The situation of the royal family was so unbearable during the months
+which immediately preceded the 10th of August that the Queen longed for
+the crisis, whatever might be its issue.  She frequently said that a long
+confinement in a tower by the seaside would seem to her less intolerable
+than those feuds in which the weakness of her party daily threatened an
+inevitable catastrophe.
+
+     [A few days before the 10th of August the squabbles between the
+     royalists and the Jacobins, and between the Jacobins and the
+     constitutionalists, increased in warmth; among the latter those men
+     who defended the principles they professed with the greatest talent,
+     courage, and constancy were at the same time the most exposed to
+     danger.  Montjoie says: "The question of dethronement was discussed
+     with a degree of frenzy in the Assembly.  Such of the deputies as
+     voted against it were abused, ill treated, and surrounded by
+     assassins.  They had a battle to fight at every step they took; and
+     at length they did not dare to sleep in their own houses.  Of this
+     number were Regnault de Beaucaron, Froudiere, Girardin, and
+     Vaublanc.  Girardin complained of having been struck in one of the
+     lobbies of the Assembly.  A voice cried out to him, 'Say where were
+     you struck.'  'Where?' replied Girardin, 'what a question!  Behind.
+     Do assassins ever strike otherwise?"]
+
+Not only were their Majesties prevented from breathing the open air, but
+they were also insulted at the very foot of the altar.  The Sunday before
+the last day of the monarchy, while the royal family went through the
+gallery to the chapel, half the soldiers of the National Guard exclaimed,
+"Long live the King!" and the other half, "No; no King!  Down with the
+veto!" and on that day at vespers the choristers preconcerted to use loud
+and threatening emphasis when chanting the words, "Deposuit potentes de
+sede," in the "Magnificat."  Incensed at such an irreverent proceeding,
+the royalists in their turn thrice exclaimed, "Et reginam," after the
+"Domine salvum fac regem."  The tumult during the whole time of divine
+service was excessive.
+
+At length the terrible night of the 10th of August, 1792, arrived.  On
+the preceding evening Potion went to the Assembly and informed it that
+preparations were making for an insurrection on the following day; that
+the tocsin would sound at midnight; and that he feared he had not
+sufficient means for resisting the attack which was about to take place.
+Upon this information the Assembly passed to the order of the day.
+Petion, however, gave an order for repelling force by force.
+
+     [Petion was the Mayor of Paris, and Mandat on this day was
+     commandant of the National Guard.  Mandat was assassinated that
+     night.--"Thiers," vol. i., p. 260.]
+
+M. Mandat was armed with this order; and, finding his fidelity to the
+King's person supported by what he considered the law of the State, he
+conducted himself in all his operations with the greatest energy.  On the
+evening of the 9th I was present at the King's supper.  While his Majesty
+was giving me various orders we heard a great noise at the door of the
+apartment.  I went to see what was the cause of it, and found the two
+sentinels fighting.  One said, speaking of the King, that he was hearty
+in the cause of the constitution, and would defend it at the peril of his
+life; the other maintained that he was an encumbrance to the only
+constitution suitable to a free people.  They were almost ready to cut
+one another's throats.  I returned with a countenance which betrayed my
+emotion.  The King desired to know what was going forward at his door; I
+could not conceal it from him.  The Queen said she was not at all
+surprised at it, and that more than half the guard belonged to the
+Jacobin party.
+
+The tocsin sounded at midnight.  The Swiss were drawn up like walls; and
+in the midst of their soldierlike silence, which formed a striking
+contrast with the perpetual din of the town guard, the King informed
+M. de J-----, an officer of the staff, of the plan of defence laid down
+by General Viomenil.  M. de J----- said to me, after this private
+conference, "Put your jewels and money into your pockets; our dangers are
+unavoidable; the means of defence are nil; safety might be obtained by
+some degree of energy in the King, but that is the only virtue in which
+he is deficient."
+
+An hour after midnight the Queen and Madame Elisabeth said they would lie
+down on a sofa in a room in the entresols, the windows of which commanded
+the courtyard of the Tuileries.
+
+The Queen told me the King had just refused to put on his quilted under-
+waistcoat; that he had consented to wear it on the 14th of July because
+he was merely going to a ceremony where the blade of an assassin was to
+be apprehended, but that on a day on which his party might fight against
+the revolutionists he thought there was something cowardly in preserving
+his life by such means.
+
+During this time Madame Elisabeth disengaged herself from some of her
+clothing which encumbered her in order to lie down on the sofa: she took
+a cornelian pin out of her cape, and before she laid it down on the table
+she showed it to me, and desired me to read a motto engraved upon it
+round a stalk of lilies.  The words were, "Oblivion of injuries; pardon
+for offences."--"I much fear," added that virtuous Princess, "this maxim
+has but little influence among our enemies; but it ought not to be less
+dear to us on that account."
+
+     [The exalted piety of Madame Elisabeth gave to all she said and did
+     a noble character, descriptive of that of her soul.  On the day on
+     which this worthy descendant of Saint Louis was sacrificed, the
+     executioner, in tying her hands behind her, raised up one of the
+     ends of her handkerchief.  Madame Elisabeth, with calmness, and in a
+     voice which seemed not to belong to earth, said to him, "In the name
+     of modesty, cover my bosom."  I learned this from Madame de Serilly,
+     who was condemned the same day as the Princess, but who obtained a
+     respite at the moment of the execution, Madame de Montmorin, her
+     relation, declaring that her cousin was enceinte.-MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+The Queen desired me to sit down by her; the two Princesses could not
+sleep; they were conversing mournfully upon their situation when a musket
+was discharged in the courtyard.  They both quitted the sofa, saying,
+"There is the first shot, unfortunately it will not be the last; let us
+go up to the King."  The Queen desired me to follow her; several of her
+women went with me.
+
+At four o'clock the Queen came out of the King's chamber and told us she
+had no longer any hope; that M. Mandat, who had gone to the Hotel de
+Ville to receive further orders, had just been assassinated, and that the
+people were at that time carrying his head about the streets.  Day came.
+The King, the Queen, Madame Elisabeth, Madame, and the Dauphin went down
+to pass through the ranks of the sections of the National Guard; the cry
+of "Vive le Roi!" was heard from a few places.  I was at a window on the
+garden side; I saw some of the gunners quit their posts, go up to the
+King, and thrust their fists in his face, insulting him by the most
+brutal language.  Messieurs de Salvert and de Bridges drove them off in a
+spirited manner.  The King was as pale as a corpse.  The royal family
+came in again.  The Queen told me that all was lost; that the King had
+shown no energy; and that this sort of review had done more harm than
+good.
+
+I was in the billiard-room with my companions; we placed ourselves upon
+some high benches.  I then saw M. d'Hervilly with a drawn sword in his
+hand, ordering the usher to open the door to the French noblesse.  Two
+hundred persons entered the room nearest to that in which the family
+were; others drew up in two lines in the preceding rooms.  I saw a few
+people belonging to the Court, many others whose features were unknown to
+me, and a few who figured technically without right among what was called
+the noblesse, but whose self-devotion ennobled them at once.  They were
+all so badly armed that even in that situation the indomitable French
+liveliness indulged in jests.  M. de Saint-Souplet, one of the King's
+equerries, and a page, carried on their shoulders instead of muskets the
+tongs belonging to the King's antechamber, which they had broken and
+divided between them.  Another page, who had a pocket-pistol in his hand,
+stuck the end of it against the back of the person who stood before him,
+and who begged he would be good enough to rest it elsewhere.  A sword and
+a pair of pistols were the only arms of those who had had the precaution
+to provide themselves with arms at all.  Meanwhile, the numerous bands
+from the faubourgs, armed with pikes and cutlasses, filled the Carrousel
+and the streets adjacent to the Tuileries.  The sanguinary Marseillais
+were at their head, with cannon pointed against the Chateau.  In this
+emergency the King's Council sent M. Dejoly, the Minister of Justice, to
+the Assembly to request they would send the King a deputation which might
+serve as a safeguard to the executive power.  His ruin was resolved on;
+they passed to the order of the day.  At eight o'clock the department
+repaired to the Chateau.  The procureur-syndic, seeing that the guard
+within was ready to join the assailants, went into the King's closet and
+requested to speak to him in private.  The King received him in his
+chamber; the Queen was with him.  There M. Roederer told him that the
+King, all his family, and the people about them would inevitably perish
+unless his Majesty immediately determined to go to the National Assembly.
+The Queen at first opposed this advice, but the procureur-syndic told her
+that she rendered herself responsible for the deaths of the King, her
+children, and all who were in the palace.  She no longer objected.  The
+King then consented to go to the Assembly.  As he set out, he said to the
+minister and persons who surrounded him, "Come, gentlemen, there is
+nothing more to be done here."
+
+     ["The King hesitated, the Queen manifested the highest
+     dissatisfaction.  'What!' said she,' are we alone; is there nobody
+     who can act?'--'Yes, Madame, alone; action is useless--resistance is
+     impossible.' One of the members of the department, M. Gerdrot,
+     insisted on the prompt execution of the proposed measure.  'Silence,
+     monsieur,' said the Queen to him; 'silence; you are the only person
+     who ought to be silent here; when the mischief is done, those who
+     did it should not pretend to wish to remedy it.' .  .  .
+
+     "The King remained mute; nobody spoke.  It was reserved for me to
+     give the last piece of advice.  I had the firmness to say, 'Let us
+     go, and not deliberate; honour commands it, the good of the State
+     requires it.  Let us go to the National Assembly; this step ought to
+     have been taken long ago: 'Let us go,' said the King, raising his
+     right hand; 'let us start; let us give this last mark of self-
+     devotion, since it is necessary.'  The Queen was persuaded.  Her
+     first anxiety was for the King, the second for her son; the King had
+     none.  'M. Roederer--gentlemen,' said the Queen, 'you answer for the
+     person of the King; you answer for that of my son.'--'Madame,'
+     replied M. Roederer, 'we pledge ourselves to die at your side; that
+     is all we can engage for.'"--MONTJOIE, "History of Marie
+     Antoinette."]
+
+The Queen said to me as she left the King's chamber, "Wait in my
+apartments; I will come to you, or I will send for you to go I know not
+whither."  She took with her only the Princesse de Lamballe and Madame de
+Tourzel.  The Princesse de Tarente and Madame de la Roche-Aymon were
+inconsolable at being left at the Tuileries; they, and all who belonged
+to the chamber, went down into the Queen's apartments.
+
+We saw the royal family pass between two lines formed by the Swiss
+grenadiers and those of the battalions of the Petits-Peres and the Filles
+Saint Thomas.  They were so pressed upon by the crowd that during that
+short passage the Queen was robbed of her watch and purse.  A man of
+great height and horrible appearance, one of such as were to be seen at
+the head of all the insurrections, drew near the Dauphin, whom the Queen
+was leading by the hand, and took him up in his arms.  The Queen uttered
+a scream of terror, and was ready to faint.  The man said to her, "Don't
+be frightened, I will do him no harm;" and he gave him back to her at
+the entrance of the chamber.
+
+I leave to history all the details of that too memorable day, confining
+myself to recalling a few of the frightful scenes acted in the interior
+of the Tuileries after the King had quitted the palace.
+
+The assailants did not know that the King and his family had betaken
+themselves to the Assembly; and those who defended the palace from the
+aide of the courts were equally ignorant of it.  It is supposed that if
+they had been aware of the fact the siege would never have taken place.
+
+     [In reading of the events of the 10th of August, 1792, the reader
+     must remember that there was hardly any armed force to resist the
+     mob.  The regiments that had shown signs of being loyal to the King
+     had been removed from Paris by the Assembly.  The Swiss had been
+     deprived of their own artillery, and the Court had sent one of their
+     battalions into Normandy at a time when there was an idea of taking
+     refuge there.  The National Guard were either disloyal or
+     disheartened, and the gunners, especially of that force at the
+     Tuileries, sympathised with the mob.  Thus the King had about 800 or
+     900 Swiss and little more than one battalion of the National Guard.
+     Mandat, one of the six heads of the legions of the National Guard,
+     to whose turn the command fell on that day, was true to his duty,
+     but was sent for to the Hotel de Ville and assassinated.  Still the
+     small force, even after the departure of the King, would have
+     probably beaten off the mob had not the King given the fatal order
+     to the Swiss to cease firing.  (See Thiers's "Revolution Francaise,"
+     vol.  i., chap.  xi.) Bonaparte's opinion of the mob may be judged
+     by his remarks on the 20th June, 1792, when, disgusted at seeing the
+     King appear with the red cap on his head, he exclaimed, "Che
+     coglione!  Why have they let in all that rabble?  Why don't they
+     sweep off 400 or 500 of them with the cannon?  The rest would then
+     set off."  ("Bourrienne," vol. i., p.13, Bentley, London, 1836.)
+     Bonaparte carried out his own plan against a far stronger force of
+     assailants on the Jour des Sections, 4th October, 1795.]
+
+The Marseillais began by driving from their posts several Swiss, who
+yielded without resistance; a few of the assailants fired upon them; some
+of the Swiss officers, seeing their men fall, and perhaps thinking the
+King was still at the Tuileries, gave the word to a whole battalion to
+fire.  The aggressors were thrown into disorder, and the Carrousel was
+cleared in a moment; but they soon returned, spurred on by rage and
+revenge.  The Swiss were but eight hundred strong; they fell back into
+the interior of the Chateau; some of the doors were battered in by the
+guns, others broken through with hatchets; the populace rushed from all
+quarters into the interior of the palace; almost all the Swiss were
+massacred; the nobles, flying through the gallery which leads to the
+Louvre, were either stabbed or shot, and the bodies thrown out of the
+windows.
+
+M. Pallas and M. de Marchais, ushers of the King's chamber, were killed
+in defending the door of the council chamber; many others of the King's
+servants fell victims to their fidelity.  I mention these two persons in
+particular because, with their hats pulled over their brows and their
+swords in their hands, they exclaimed, as they defended themselves with
+unavailing courage, "We will not survive!--this is our post; our duty is
+to die at it."  M. Diet behaved in the same manner at the door of the
+Queen's bedchamber; he experienced the same fate.  The Princesse de
+Tarente had fortunately opened the door of the apartments; otherwise, the
+dreadful band seeing several women collected in the Queen's salon would
+have fancied she was among us, and would have immediately massacred us
+had we resisted them.  We were, indeed, all about to perish, when a man
+with a long beard came up, exclaiming, in the name of Potion, "Spare the
+women; don't dishonour the nation!"  A particular circumstance placed me
+in greater danger than the others.  In my confusion I imagined, a moment
+before the assailants entered the Queen's apartments, that my sister was
+not among the group of women collected there; and I went up into an
+'entresol', where I supposed she had taken refuge, to induce her to come
+down, fancying it safer that we should not be separated.  I did not find
+her in the room in question; I saw there only our two femmes de chambre
+and one of the Queen's two heyducs, a man of great height and military
+aspect.  I saw that he was pale, and sitting on a bed.  I cried out to
+him, "Fly! the footmen and our people are already safe."--"I cannot,"
+said the man to me; "I am dying of fear."  As he spoke I heard a number
+of men rushing hastily up the staircase; they threw themselves upon him,
+and I saw him assassinated.
+
+I ran towards the staircase, followed by our women.  The murderers left
+the heyduc to come to me.  The women threw themselves at their feet, and
+held their sabres.  The narrowness of the staircase impeded the
+assassins; but I had already felt a horrid hand thrust into my back to
+seize me by my clothes, when some one called out from the bottom of the
+staircase, "What are you doing above there?  We don't kill women."  I was
+on my knees; my executioner quitted his hold of me, and said, "Get up,
+you jade; the nation pardons you."
+
+The brutality of these words did not prevent my suddenly experiencing an
+indescribable feeling which partook almost equally of the love of life
+and the idea that I was going to see my son, and all that was dear to me,
+again.  A moment before I had thought less of death than of the pain
+which the steel, suspended over my head, would occasion me.  Death is
+seldom seen so close without striking his blow.  I heard every syllable
+uttered by the assassins, just as if I had been calm.
+
+Five or six men seized me and my companions, and, having made us get up
+on benches placed before the windows, ordered us to call out, "The nation
+for ever!"
+
+I passed over several corpses; I recognised that of the old Vicomte de
+Broves, to whom the Queen had sent me at the beginning of the night to
+desire him and another old man in her name to go home.  These brave men
+desired I would tell her Majesty that they had but too strictly obeyed
+the King's orders in all circumstances under which they ought to have
+exposed their own lives in order to preserve his; and that for this once
+they would not obey, though they would cherish the recollection of the
+Queen's goodness.
+
+Near the grille, on the side next the bridge, the men who conducted me
+asked whither I wished to go.  Upon my inquiring, in my turn, whether
+they were at liberty to take me wherever I might wish to go, one of them,
+a Marseillais, asked me, giving me at the same time a push with the butt
+end of his musket, whether I still doubted the power of the people?  I
+answered "No," and I mentioned the number of my brother-in-law's house.
+I saw my sister ascending the steps of the parapet of the bridge,
+surrounded by members of the National Guard.  I called to her, and she
+turned round.  "Would you have her go with you?" said my guardian to me.
+I told him I did wish it.  They called the people who were leading my
+sister to prison; she joined me.
+
+Madame de la Roche-Aymon and her daughter, Mademoiselle Pauline de
+Tourzel, Madame de Ginestoux, lady to the Princesse de Lamballe, the
+other women of the Queen, and the old Comte d'Affry, were led off
+together to the Abbaye.
+
+Our progress from the Tuileries to my sister's house was most
+distressing.  We saw several Swiss pursued and killed, and musket-shots
+were crossing each other in all directions.  We passed under the walls of
+the Louvre; they were firing from the parapet into the windows of the
+gallery, to hit the knights of the dagger; for thus did the populace
+designate those faithful subjects who had assembled at the Tuileries to
+defend the King.
+
+The brigands broke some vessels of water in the Queen's first
+antechamber; the mixture of blood and water stained the skirts of our
+white gowns.  The poissardes screamed after us in the streets that we
+were attached to the Austrian.  Our protectors then showed some
+consideration for us, and made us go up a gateway to pull off our gowns;
+but our petticoats being too short, and making us look like persons in
+disguise, other poissardes began to bawl out that we were young Swiss
+dressed up like women.  We then saw a tribe of female cannibals enter the
+street, carrying the head of poor Mandat.  Our guards made us hastily
+enter a little public-house, called for wine, and desired us to drink
+with them.  They assured the landlady that we were their sisters, and
+good patriots.  Happily the Marseillais had quitted us to return to the
+Tuileries.  One of the men who remained with us said to me in a low
+voice: "I am a gauze-worker in the faubourg.  I was forced to march; I am
+not for all this; I have not killed anybody, and have rescued you.  You
+ran a great risk when we met the mad women who are carrying Mandat's
+head.  These horrible women said yesterday at midnight, upon the site of
+the Bastille, that they must have their revenge for the 6th of October,
+at Versailles, and that they had sworn to kill the Queen and all the
+women attached to her; the danger of the action saved you all."
+
+As I crossed the Carrousel, I saw my house in flames; but as soon as the
+first moment of affright was over, I thought no more of my personal
+misfortunes.  My ideas turned solely upon the dreadful situation of the
+Queen.
+
+On reaching my sister's we found all our family in despair, believing
+they should never see us again.  I could not remain in her house; some of
+the mob, collected round the door, exclaimed that Marie Antoinette's
+confidante was in the house, and that they must have her head.  I
+disguised myself, and was concealed in the house of M. Morel, secretary
+for the lotteries.  On the morrow I was inquired for there, in the name
+of the Queen.  A deputy, whose sentiments were known to her, took upon
+himself to find me out.
+
+I borrowed clothes, and went with my sister to the Feuillans--[A former
+monastery near the Tuileries, so called from the Bernardines, one of the
+Cistercian orders; later a revolutionary club.]--We got there at the
+same time with M. Thierry de Ville d'Avray, the King's first valet de
+chambre.  We were taken into an office, where we wrote down our names and
+places of abode, and we received tickets for admission into the rooms
+belonging to Camus, the keeper of the Archives, where the King was with
+his family.
+
+As we entered the first room, a person who was there said to me, "Ah!
+you are a brave woman; but where is that Thierry,
+
+     [M. Thierry, who never ceased to give his sovereign proofs of
+     unalterable attachment, was one of the victims of the 2d of
+     September.--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+that man loaded with his master's bounties?"--"He is here," said I; "he
+is following me.  I perceive that even scenes of death do not banish
+jealousy from among you."
+
+Having belonged to the Court from my earliest youth, I was known to many
+persons whom I did not know.  As I traversed a corridor above the
+cloisters which led to the cells inhabited by the unfortunate Louis XVI.
+and his family, several of the grenadiers called me by name.  One of them
+said to me, "Well, the poor King is lost!  The Comte d'Artois would have
+managed it better."--"Not at all," said another.
+
+The royal family occupied a small suite of apartments consisting of four
+cells, formerly belonging to the ancient monastery of the Feuillans.  In
+the first were the men who had accompanied the King: the Prince de Poix,
+the Baron d'Aubier, M. de Saint-Pardou, equerry to Madame Elisabeth, MM.
+de Goguelat, de Chamilly, and de Hue.  In the second we found the King;
+he was having his hair dressed; he took two locks of it, and gave one to
+my sister and one to me.  We offered to kiss his hand; he opposed it, and
+embraced us without saying anything.  In the third was the Queen, in bed,
+and in indescribable affliction.  We found her accompanied only by a
+stout woman, who appeared tolerably civil; she was the keeper of the
+apartments.  She waited upon the Queen, who as yet had none of her own
+people about her.  Her Majesty stretched out her arms to us, saying,
+"Come, unfortunate women; come, and see one still more unhappy than
+yourselves, since she has been the cause of all your misfortunes.  We are
+ruined," continued she; "we have arrived at that point to which they have
+been leading us for three years, through all possible outrages; we shall
+fall in this dreadful revolution, and many others will perish after us.
+All have contributed to our downfall; the reformers have urged it like
+mad people, and others through ambition, for the wildest Jacobin seeks
+wealth and office, and the mob is eager for plunder.  There is not one
+real patriot among all this infamous horde.  The emigrant party have
+their intrigues and schemes; foreigners seek to profit by the dissensions
+of France; every one has a share in our misfortunes."
+
+The Dauphin came in with Madame and the Marquise de Tourzel.  On seeing
+them the Queen said to me, "Poor children!  how heartrending it is,
+instead of handing down to them so fine an inheritance, to say it ends
+with us!"  She afterwards conversed with me about the Tuileries and the
+persons who had fallen; she condescended also to mention the burning of
+my house.  I looked upon that loss as a mischance which ought not to
+dwell upon her mind, and I told her so.  She spoke of the Princesse de
+Tarente, whom she greatly loved and valued, of Madame de la Roche-Aymon
+and her daughter, of the other persons whom she had left at the palace,
+and of the Duchesse de Luynes, who was to have passed the night at the
+Tuileries.  Respecting her she said, "Hers was one of the first heads
+turned by the rage for that mischievous philosophy; but her heart brought
+her back, and I again found a friend in her."
+
+     [During the Reign of Terror I withdrew to the Chateau de Coubertin,
+     near that of Dampierre.  The Duchesse de Luynes frequently came to
+     ask me to tell her what the Queen had said about her at the
+     Feuillans.  She would say as she went away, "I have often need to
+     request you to repeat those words of the Queen."--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+I asked the Queen what the ambassadors from foreign powers had done under
+existing circumstances.  She told me that they could do nothing; and that
+the wife of the English ambassador had just given her a proof of the
+personal interest she took in her welfare by sending her linen for her
+son.
+
+I informed her that, in the pillaging of my house, all my accounts with
+her had been thrown into the Carrousel, and that every sheet of my
+month's expenditure was signed by her, sometimes leaving four or five
+inches of blank paper above her signature, a circumstance which rendered
+me very uneasy, from an apprehension that an improper use might be made
+of those signatures.  She desired me to demand admission to the committee
+of general safety, and to make this declaration there.  I repaired
+thither instantly and found a deputy, with whose name I have never become
+acquainted.  After hearing me he said that he would not receive my
+deposition; that Marie Antoinette was now nothing more than any other
+Frenchwoman; and that if any of those detached papers bearing her
+signature should be misapplied, she would have, at a future period, a
+right to lodge a complaint, and to support her declaration by the facts
+which I had just related.  The Queen then regretted having sent me, and
+feared that she had, by her very caution, pointed out a method of
+fabricating forgeries which might be dangerous to her; then again she
+exclaimed, "My apprehensions are as absurd as the step I made you take.
+They need nothing more for our ruin; all has been told."
+
+She gave us details of what had taken place subsequently to the King's
+arrival at the Assembly.  They are all well known, and I have no occasion
+to record them; I will merely mention that she told us, though with much
+delicacy, that she was not a little hurt at the King's conduct since he
+had quitted the Tuileries; that his habit of laying no restraint upon his
+great appetite had prompted him to eat as if he had been at his palace;
+that those who did not know him as she did, did not feel the piety and
+the magnanimity of his resignation, all which produced so bad an effect
+that deputies who were devoted to him had warned him of it; but no change
+could be effected.
+
+I still see in imagination, and shall always see, that narrow cell at the
+Feuillans, hung with green paper, that wretched couch whence the
+dethroned, Queen stretched out her arms to us, saying that our
+misfortunes, of which she was the cause, increased her own.  There, for
+the last time, I saw the tears, I heard the sobs of her whom high birth,
+natural endowments, and, above all, goodness of heart, had seemed to
+destine to adorn any throne, and be the happiness of any people!  It is
+impossible for those who lived with Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette not
+to be fully convinced, while doing full justice to the King's virtues,
+that if the Queen had been from the moment of her arrival in France the
+object of the care and affection of a prince of decision and authority,
+she would have only added to the glory of his reign.
+
+What affecting things I have heard the Queen say in the affliction caused
+her by the belief of part of the Court and the whole of the people that
+she did not love France!  How did that opinion shock those who knew her
+heart and her sentiments!  Twice did I see her on the point of going from
+her apartments in the Tuileries into the gardens, to address the immense
+throng constantly assembled there to insult her.  "Yes," exclaimed she,
+as she paced her chamber with hurried steps, "I will say to them
+Frenchmen, they have had the cruelty to persuade you that I do not love
+France!--I! the mother of a Dauphin who will reign over this noble
+country!--I! whom Providence has seated upon the most powerful throne of
+Europe!  Of all the daughters of Maria Theresa am I not that one whom
+fortune has most highly favoured?  And ought I not to feel all these
+advantages?  What should I find at Vienna?  Nothing but sepulchres!  What
+should I lose in France?  Everything which can confer glory!"
+
+I protest I only repeat her own words; the soundness of her judgment soon
+pointed out to her the dangers of such a proceeding.  "I should descend
+from the throne," said she, "merely, perhaps, to excite a momentary
+sympathy, which the factious would soon render more injurious than
+beneficial to me."
+
+Yes, not only did Marie Antoinette love France, but few women took
+greater pride in the courage of Frenchmen.  I could adduce a multitude of
+proofs of this; I will relate two traits which demonstrate the noblest
+enthusiasm: The Queen was telling me that, at the coronation of the
+Emperor Francis II., that Prince, bespeaking the admiration of a French
+general officer, who was then an emigrant, for the fine appearance of his
+troops, said to him, "There are the men to beat your sans culottes!"
+"That remains to be seen, Sire," instantly replied the officer.  The
+Queen added, "I don't know the name of that brave Frenchman, but I will
+learn it; the King ought to be in possession of it."  As she was reading
+the public papers a few days before the 10th of August, she observed that
+mention was made of the courage of a young man who died in defending the
+flag he carried, and shouting, "Vive la Nation!"--"Ah! the fine lad!"
+said the Queen; "what a happiness it would have been for us if such men
+had never left off crying, 'Vive de Roi!'"
+
+In all that I have hitherto said of this most unfortunate of women and of
+queens, those who did not live with her, those who knew her but
+partially, and especially the majority of foreigners, prejudiced by
+infamous libels, may imagine I have thought it my duty to sacrifice truth
+on the altar of gratitude.  Fortunately I can invoke unexceptionable
+witnesses; they will declare whether what I assert that I have seen and
+heard appears to them either untrue or improbable.
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+A man born solely to contradict
+Alas! her griefs double mine!
+He is afraid to command
+His ruin was resolved on; they passed to the order of the day
+King (gave) the fatal order to the Swiss to cease firing
+La Fayette to rescue the royal family and convey them to Rouen
+Prevent disorder from organising itself
+The emigrant party have their intrigues and schemes
+There is not one real patriot among all this infamous horde
+Those who did it should not pretend to wish to remedy it
+
+
+
+End of this Project Gutenberg Etext of The Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, v6
+by Madame Campan
+
diff --git a/old/cm52b10.zip b/old/cm52b10.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa16541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/cm52b10.zip