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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/39076-0.txt b/39076-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75eb007 --- /dev/null +++ b/39076-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3675 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, +November 1, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, November 1, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: March 7, 2012 [EBook #39076] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. +Tentative expansions of Latin scribal abbreviations include dimi[d=] for +dimidio, ann' for anno, Dñs for Dominus, Dñi for Domini, Dño for Domino, +[p=] for pro, [=p] for pre, and [q=] for que. Greek letters have been +retained as printed. The spelling of νόμεσθαι, as taken over from +Stolbergius, seems to be a typographical error for νέμεσθαι.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +Vol. IV.--No. 105. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + The Claims of Literature 337 + + NOTES:-- + + Daniel Defoe and the "Mercator," by James Crossley 388 + + Punishment of Edward Prince of Wales, by King + Edward I., for Disrespect to a Judge, by William + Sidney Gibson 338 + + Notes on the Word: "Αδελφος," by + T. R. Brown 339 + + Lambert, the "Arch-Rebell," by + Richard John King 339 + + The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 340 + + Minor Notes:--A Hint to Catalogue Makers--Virgil + and Goldsmith--Mental Almanac--Merlin and the + Electric Telegraph 340 + + QUERIES:-- + + Bishop Bramhall and Milton 341 + + The Sempills of Beltrus: Robert Sempill 343 + + Descendants of John of Gaunt 343 + + Minor Queries:--Rocky Chasm near Gaëta: Earthquake + at the Crucifixion--Cavalcade--A Sept of + Hibernians--Yankee Doodle--Seventeenth of November: + Custom--Chatter-box--Printing in 1449, and + Shakspeare--Texts before Sermons--Paradyse, Hell, + Purgatory--Dead Letter--Dominus Bathurst, &c.--Grammar + Schools--Fermilodum--Lord Hungerford--Consecration + of Bishops in Sweden 343 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Effigy of a Pilgrim--"Modern + Universal History"--Origin of Evil--Nolo + Episcopari--Authors of the Homilies--Family of Hotham + of Yorkshire--Vogelweide--Meaning of Skeatta 345 + + REPLIES:-- + + Marriage of Ecclesiastics, by Henry Walter, &c. 346 + + Lord Strafford and Archbishop Ussher 349 + + Sculptured Stones in the North of Scotland 350 + + Anagrams 350 + + The Locusts of the New Testament 351 + + The Soul's Errand, by Dr. Edward F. Rimbault 353 + + The Two Drs. Abercrombie 353 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Dacre Monument at + Hurstmonceux--Book-plates--Sermon of Bishop Jeremy + Taylor--Moonlight--Flatman and Pope--Berlin Time--Ruined + Churches--Italian Writer on Political Economy--Death + of Carli, &c. 354 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 357 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 357 + + Notices to Correspondents 358 + + Advertisements 359 + + + + +THE CLAIMS OF LITERATURE. + +This day two years, on presenting to the public, and to the Literary Men +of England the first number of NOTES AND QUERIES, as "a medium by which +much valuable information might become a sort of common property among +those who can appreciate and use it," we ventured to say, "We do not +anticipate any holding back by those whose 'Notes' are most worth +having, or any want of 'Queries' from those best able to answer them. +Whatever may be the case in other things, it is certain that those who +are best informed are generally the most ready to communicate knowledge +and to confess ignorance, to feel the value of such a work as we are +attempting, and to understand that, if it is to be well done, they might +help to do it. Some cheap and frequent means for the interchange of +thought is certainly wanted by those who are engaged in Literature, Art, +and Science; and we only hope to persuade the best men in all, that we +offer them the best medium of communication with each other." + +How fully these anticipations have been realised, how all the "best men" +_have_ come forward, we acknowledge with feelings of gratitude and +pride. May we now hope that, in thus forming one fresh bond of union +among the lovers and professors of Literature in this country, we have +contributed towards a recognition of Literature as an honorable +profession, and hastened the time when the claims of Literature, +Science, and Art to some of those honorary distinctions hitherto +exclusively conferred upon the Naval, Military, or Civil Servants of the +Crown, will be admitted and acted upon. For as we hold with Chaucer: + + "That he is gentil who doth gentil dedes;" + +so we would have those men especially honoured, whose "gentil dedes" in +Literature, Science, and Art tend to elevate the minds, and thereby +promote the happiness of their fellow-men. + +That gallant gentleman, Captain Sword, whose good services we readily +acknowledge, has hitherto monopolized all the honours which the +sovereign has thought proper to distribute. We would fain see good +Master Pen now take his fair share of them;[1] and the present moment, +when Peace has just celebrated her Jubilee in the presence of admiring +millions, is surely the fittest moment that could be selected for the +establishment of some Order (call it of Victoria, or Civil Merit, or +what you will) to honour those followers of the Arts of Peace to whose +genius, learning, and skill the great event of the year 1851 owes its +brilliant conception, its happy execution, its triumphant success. + + [Footnote 1: We are glad to find that the views we have here + advocated, have the support of the leading journal of Europe. Vide + _The Times_ of Wednesday last.] + +The reign of the Illustrious Lady who now fills with so much dignity the +Throne of these Realms, has happily been pre-eminently distinguished +(and long may it be so!) by all unexampled progress made in all the Arts +of Peace. Her Majesty has been pre-eminently a Patron of all such Arts. +How graceful then, on the part of Her Majesty, would be the immediate +institution of an Order of Civil Merit! How gratifying to those +accomplished and worthy men on whom Her Majesty might be pleased to +confer it! + + + + +Notes. + + +DANIEL DEFOE AND THE "MERCATOR." + +Wilson, in his _Life of Defoe_, vol. iii. p. 334., gives an account from +Tindal, Oldmixon, Boyer, and Chalmers, of the _Mercator_ and its +antagonist, the _British Merchant_. He commences by observing that Defoe +"had but little to do with this work" (the _Mercator_), and quotes +Chalmers, who seems totally to mistake the passage in Defoe's _Appeal to +Honour and Justice_, pp. 47-50., in which the _Mercator_ is mentioned, +and to consider it as a denial on his part of having had any share in +the work. Defoe's words are-- + + "What part I had in the _Mercator_ is well known, and would men + answer with argument and not with personal abuse, I would at any + time defend any part of the _Mercator_ which was of my writing. + But to say the _Mercator_ is mine is false. I never was the author + of it, nor had the property, printing, or profit of it. I had + never any payment or reward for writing any part of it, nor had I + the power of putting what I would into it, yet the whole clamour + fell upon me." + +Defoe evidently means only to deny that he was the originator and +proprietor of the _Mercator_, not that he was not the principal writer +in it. The _Mercator_ was a government paper set on foot by Harley to +support the proposed measure of the Treaty of Commerce with France; and +the _Review_, which Defoe had so long and so ably conducted, being +brought to a close in the beginning of May, 1713, he was retained to +follow up the opinions he had maintained in the _Review_ as to the +treaty in this new periodical. He had not the control of the work +undoubtedly, otherwise, cautiously abstaining as he does himself from +all personal attacks upon his opponents, the remarks on Henry Martin +would not have appeared, which led to a severe and very unjust +retaliation in the _British Merchant_, in which Defoe's misfortunes are +unfeelingly introduced. There cannot, however, be the slightest doubt to +any one at all acquainted with Defoe's style, or who compares the +_Mercator_ with the commercial articles in the Review, that the whole of +the _Mercator_, except such portion as appears in the shape of letters, +and which constitutes only a small part of the work, was written by +Defoe. The principal of these letters were probably written by William +Brown. + +The excessive rarity of the _Mercator_, which Wilson could never obtain, +and of which probably very few copies exist, has rendered it the least +known of Defoe's publications. Even Mr. M'Culloch, from the mode in +which he speaks of it (_Literature of Political Economy_, p. 142.), +would appear not to have seen it. And therefore, whilst the _British +Merchant_, "the shallow sophisms and misstatements" of which we now +treat with contempt, is one of the most common of commercial books, +having gone through at least three editions, besides the original folio, +the _Mercator_, replete as it is with the vigour, the life and +animation, the various and felicitous power of illustration, which this +great and truly English author could impart to any subject, still exists +only in probably four or five copies of the original folio numbers. How +many of the advocates for free trade are acquainted with a production in +which one of the most gifted minds that the country ever produced, +exerts his delightful powers and most effectual "unadorned eloquence" in +the support of their favourite doctrine? + +I do not see any copy of the _Mercator_ noticed in the printed catalogue +of the British Museum. I owe my own to the kindness of MR. BOLTON +CORNEY, who allowed me to possess it, having purchased it, I believe, at +Mr. Heber's sale. + + JAS. CROSSLEY. + + +PUNISHMENT OF EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES, BY KING EDWARD I., FOR DISRESPECT +TO A JUDGE. + +MR. FOSS has lately shown, in his valuable lives of _The Judges of +England_, that historical accuracy has been sacrificed in representing +Henry V., on his accession, to have re-invested Sir William Gascoigne +with "the balance and the sword." Lord Campbell, warned that +chroniclers, historians, moralists, and poets had, without historical +warrant, taken for true the story which Shakspeare has made so familiar +to us, has, in his _Lives of the Chief Justices_, examined the evidence +for attributing to the young king the act of magnanimity, and has +affirmed (vol. i. p. 131.) not only that Sir William committed the +prince, but that he actually filled the office of Chief Justice under +him when he became Henry V. The noble and learned lord has been at some +pains to authenticate the story of the commital of the prince, and has +shown that there is no sufficient reason for disbelieving that the +dauntless judge did make "princely power submit" to justice; and he has +brought forward also the probable sources of Shakspeare's information. +But these are silent as to the reinstatement of the illustrious judge; +and MR. FOSS has established that the young king lost no time in +dispensing with the "well-practised wise directions" of Sir William +Gascoigne. One is really sorry to be obliged to relinquish belief in the +historical foundation of the scene to which Shakspeare has given such +fine dramatic effect in his noble lines. My object, however, in now +writing is to point out a circumstance in some respects parallel, which +occurred in the reign of Edward I. In looking thorough the _Abbreviatio +Placitorum_ to-day, I find the record of a judgment in Michaelmas Term, +33 Edw. I. (1305), in which a curious illustration is given of the +character of that sovereign; for it appears that Edward Prince of Wales +having spoken words insulting to one of the king's ministers (when and +to whom I wish I could ascertain), the monarch himself firmly vindicated +the respect due to the royal dignity in the person of its servants, by +banishing the prince from his house and presence for a considerable +time. This anecdote occurs in the record of a complaint made to the king +in council, by Roger de Hecham (in Madox the name occurs as Hegham or +Heigham), a Baron of the Exchequer, of gross and upbraiding language +having been contemptuously addressed to him by William de Brewes, +because of his judgment in favour of the delinquent's adversary. The +record recites that such contempt and disrespect towards as well the +king's ministers as himself or his courts are very odious to the king, +and proceeds---- but I will give the original: + + "Que quidem (videlicet) contemptus et inobediencia tam ministris + ipsius Domini Regi quam sibi ipsi aut cur' suæ facta ipsi Regi + valde sunt odiosa, et hoc expresse nuper apparuit idem Dñs Rex + filium suum primogenitum et carissimum Edwardum Principem Walliæ + [p=] eo quod quedam verba grossa et acerba cuidam ministro suo + dixerat ab hospicio suo fere [p=] dimi[d=] ann' amovit, nec ipsum + filium suum in conspectu suo venire [p=]misit quous[q=] dicto + ministro de [=p]dicta transgress' satisfecerat. Et quia sicut + honor et reverencia qui ministris ipsius Dñi Regi ratione officii + sui fiunt ipsi Regi attribuuntur sic dedecus et contemptus + ministris suis facta eidem Dño Regi inferuntur." + +And accordingly the said Edward was adjudged to go in full court in +Westminster Hall, and ask pardon of the judge whom he had insulted; and +for the contempt done to the king and his court was then to stand +committed to the Tower, there to remain during the king's pleasure. +(_Abb. Plac._ lib. impres. p. 257.) + +Roger de Hegham occurs as a Baron of the Exchequer in 26 Edw. I., and +died 2 Edw. II. (Madox, ii. 58.) + + WILLIAM SIDNEY GIBSON. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + + +NOTE ON THE WORD "Αδελφος." + +I have attempted to ascertain the _primary_ signification of the word +"αδελφος," for the purpose of laying down a rule for its right +interpretation in the sacred scriptures. If I have succeeded, we may be +enabled to understand rightly one or two disputed passages in the New +Testament, of which I hope to treat in a subsequent number. + +Thus says Scapula on the word: + + "Αδελφος, frater propriè, frater uterinus; fit enim a + dictione δελφυς, uterus; et α significante + ομου, pro ομοδελφος." + +His etymology, as far as it goes, is quite correct: but still, we must +trace its different parts up to the fountain-head, in order to +understand the word aright. Let us then first take away its prefix +α, and its constructive affix ος, and the remaining +δελφ will be found to be a compound word, derived from the +Sanscrit language, proving its identity therewith by means of the +intermediate Semitic dialects. + +Chaldee _dul_, situla, urna, _a vessel_ for holding liquor. Arabic +_dal_, a fat _woman_. These primary steps lead us to a passage in Isaiah +li. 1., "the _hole_ of the _pit_:" where the _idea_ (not the word) is +contained, and forms a connecting link between the Chaldee and Sanscrit; +where, by taking _t_ for _d_ (a letter of the same organ), we have +Sanscrit _tal_, a _hole_, _pit_, cause, origin, &c.; _talla_, a young +woman, _reservoir_, _pit_, &c.; Greek (from the Syriac) +ταλιθα, a damsel, Mark v. 41.; and by affixing the Sanscrit _pha_, or +_pa_, _fruitfulness_, nourishment, drink, &c., we get _talpa_, a wife, +bed, &c. Hebrew _dalaph_, stillavit. Syriac _dalpha_, conjunctio +venerea. Delilah, a proper name, Judges xvi. 4. We thus ascertain that +δελ-φ relates to the fruit or fruitfulness, &c. of the womb: +and by putting the constructive affix υς = the Sanscrit _as_ or +_us_, we have δελφυς, uterus, &c. + +We now come to the most important part of the compound +αδελφος, viz. the Sanscrit ā = ομου, simul, at the same +time; and we find that this ā refers us to "a limit conclusive" (to +_that_ place, to that time), and also to a "limit inceptive" (_from_ +THAT _place_, from that time); consequently, the _primary_ meaning of +α-δελ-φ-ος, is what Scapula has defined it to be, "frater +uterinus," a brother _to_, or _from the_ SAME _womb_. + +My deduction from hence is, that where the context, or history, does +_not_ point us to a more general sense of the word, _i.e._ to relatives +such as cousins, or to the whole _human_ race adopting the same term; +_correct_ criticism seems to demand the signification of the word in its +_primary_ meaning. + + T. R. BROWN. + + Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle. + + +LAMBERT, THE "ARCH-REBELL." + +Mr. Hallam (_Const. Hist._, vol. ii. p. 26. ed. 1850), after some +remarks on the execution of Vane, who was brought to trial together with +Lambert in 1661, asserts that the latter, "whose submissive behaviour +had furnished a contrast with that of Vane, was sent to Guernsey, and +remained a prisoner for thirty years." Mr. Hallam does not quote his +authority for this statement, which I also find in the older +biographical dictionaries. There exists, however, in the library of the +Plymouth Athenæum, a MS. record which apparently contradicts it. This is +a volume called _Plimmouth Memoirs, collected by James Yonge_, 1684. It +contains "a Catalogue of all the Mayors, together with the memorable +occurrences in their respective years," beginning in 1440. Yonge himself +lived in Plymouth, and the later entries are therefore made from his own +knowledge. There are two concerning Lambert: + + "1667. _Lambert, the arch-rebell, brought prisoner to this + Iland."_ + +[The Island of St. Nicholas at the entrance of the harbour, fortified +from a very early period.] + + "1683, Easter day. My Lord Dartmouth arrived in Plimmo. from + Tangier. In March, Sir G. Jeffry, the famously [Query, + _infamously_] loyal Lord Chief Justice, came hither from + Launceston assize: lay at the Mayor's: viewed ye citadells, Mt. + Edgecumbe, &c. + + "The winter of this yeare proved very seveare. East wind, frost, + and snow, continued three moneths: so that ships were starved in + the mouth of the channell, and almost all the cattel famisht. Ye + fish left ye coast almost 5 moneths. All provisions excessive + deare; and had we not had a frequent supply from ye East, corne + would have been at 30s. per bushell,--above 130,000 bushells being + imported hither, besides what went to Dartmo., Fowy, &c. + + "The Thames was frozen up some moneths, so that it became a small + citty, with boothes, coffee houses, taverns, glasse houses, + printing, bull-baiting, shops of all sorts, and whole streetes + made on it. The birdes of the aire died numerously. _Lambert, that + olde rebell, dyed this winter on Plimmo. Island, where he had been + prisoner 15 years and mo._" + +The trial of Lambert took place in 1661. He may have been sent at first +to Guernsey, but could only have remained there until removed in 1667 to +Plymouth. His imprisonment altogether lasted twenty-one years. + +Lambert's removal to Plymouth has, I believe, been hitherto unnoticed. +Probably it was thought a safer (and certainly, if he were confined in +the little island of St. Nicholas, it was a severer) prison than +Guernsey. + + RICHARD JOHN KING. + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +An opinion prevails that biographers who lived nearest the times of the +individuals whom they commemorate are most entitled to belief, as having +at command the best sources of information. To this rule, however, there +are numerous exceptions; for time, which casts some facts into oblivion, +also produces fresh materials for historians and biographers. + +It is certainly advisable to _consult_ the earliest memoir of an +individual in whose fate we take an interest, and even each successive +memoir, in order that we may trace the more important historical +particulars, and such critical opinions as seem to require discussion, +to their true source. The result of some comparisons of this +description, on former occasions, has almost led me to consider +biographers as mere copyists--or, at the best, artists in patch-work. I +shall now compare, on one point, the earlier biographers of Caxton:-- + + "Gvilhelmus Caxton, Anglus--habitavit interim in Flandria 30 annis + cum domina Margareta Burgundiæ ducissa regis Edwardi + sorore."--Joannes BALE, 1559. + + "Gvilhelmvs Caxtonus, natione Anglus. Vir pius, doctus, etc. In + Flandria quidem triginta annis vixit cum Margareta Burgundiæ duce, + regis Edwardi quarti sorore."--Joannes PITSEUS, 1619. + + "William Caxton, born in that town [sc. Caxton!]. He had most of + his _education_ beyond the seas, living 30 years in the court of + Margaret dutchesse of Burgundy, sister to king Edward the Fourth, + whence I conclude him an Anti-Lancastrian in his + affection."--Thomas FULLER, 1662. + + "William Caxton--was a menial servant, for thirty years together, + to Margaret dutchess of Burgundy, sister to our king Edward IV., + in Flanders."--William NICOLSON, 1714. + + "Gulielmus Caxton natus in sylvestri regione Cantiae; in Flandria, + Brabantia, Hollandia, Zelandia xxx annis cum domina Margareta, + Burgundiae ducissa, regis Edwardi IV. sorore vixit."--Thomas + TANNERUS, 1748. + +Now, according to Fabian, Stow, and others, Margaret of York was married +to Charles duke of Burgundy in 1468; and if Caxton did not return to +England about the year 1471, as Stow asserts, he was certainly +established at Westminster in 1477. The _thirty_ years of the learned +writers must therefore be reduced to less than _ten_ years! + +The discrepancy between these writers, on another important point, is +not less remarkable than their agreement in error, as above-described. +Pits says Caxton flourished in 1483; Fuller, that he died in 1486; and +Tanner, that he _flourished_ about 1483, and _died_ in 1491. Shakspere +died in 1616: in what year did he flourish? + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +Minor Notes. + +_A Hint to Catalogue Makers._--Among the many excellent schemes proposed +for the arrangement and diffusion of common means of information, one +simple one appears to have been passed over by your many and excellent +correspondents. I will briefly illustrate an existing deficiency by an +example. + +While collecting materials for a projected critical commentary on the +_Timæus_ of Plato, I was surprised to find the commentary of +_Chalcidius_ wholly wanting in our library at Christ Church. +Subsequently (when I did not want it, having secured a better edition at +the end of Fabricius' _Hippolytus_) I discovered a fine copy of Badius +Ascensius' editio princeps, bound up with Aulus Gellius and Macrobius, +but utterly ignored in the Christ Church catalogue. + +This instance shows the necessity of carefully examining the _insides_ +of books, as well as the backs and title-pages, during the operation of +cataloguing. Our public libraries are rich in instances of a similar +oversight, and many an important and _recherché_ work is unknown, or +acquires a conventional rarity, through its concealment at the end of a +less valuable, but more bulky, treatise. + +I have been aroused to the propriety of publishing this suggestion, by +purchasing, "dog cheap", a volume labelled _Petrus Crinitus_, but +containing _Hegesippus_ (_i.e._ the pseudo-Ambrosian translation from +Josephus) and the Latin grammarians at the end, all by the +afore-mentioned printer. + + THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY. + +_Virgil and Goldsmith._--The same beautiful thought is traceable in both +Virgil and Goldsmith. In book iii. of the _Æneid_, lines 495-6. we read: + + "Vobis parta quies; nullum maris æquor arandum; + Arva neque Ausoniæ, _semper cedentia retro_, + _Quærenda_." + +In the _Traveller_ these lines occur: + + "But me, not destined such delights to share, + My prime of life in wandering spent and care; + Impell'd, with steps unceasing, to pursue + Some fleeting good, that mocks me with the view; + That, like the circle bounding earth and skies, + Allures from far, yet, as I follow, flies ----" + + ALFRED GATTY. + +_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--MEM. The additive number for this +present November is 1. Hence next Wednesday is 4 + 1, that is, the 5th. +The Sunday following, is 1 + 1 + 7, that is, the 9th. And similarly for +any other day or week in this month. + + A. E. B + + Leeds, Nov. 1. 1851. + +_Merlin and the Electric Telegraph._--The following extract from the +prophecy of Merlin in Geoffrey of Monmouth's _British History_, book +vii. ch. 4., reads rather curiously in these days of railways and of +electric telegraph communication between France and England:-- + + "Eric shall hide his apples within it, and _shall make + subterraneous passages_. At that time _shall the stones speak_, + and the sea towards the Gallic Coast be contracted into a narrow + space. _On each bank shall one man hear another_, and the soil of + the isle shall be enlarged. The secrets of the deep shall be + revealed, and Gaul shall tremble for fear." + +I should like to be informed if there have ever been any detailed and +systematic attempts made at interpreting the whole of this curious +prophecy of Merlin's. + + W. FRASER. + + + + +Queries. + + +BISHOP BRAMHALL AND MILTON. + +Perhaps I am convicting myself of the most benighted ignorance by asking +some of your learned correspondents to elucidate for me a letter of +Bramhall's, which I extract from his works. It was written to his son +from Antwerp, and relates to the early years of our great Milton at +Cambridge, dated: + + "Antwerpe, May 9/19, 1654. + + "That lying abusive book [viz., the _Def. Pop. Ang._] was written + by Milton himself, one who was sometime Bishopp Chappell's pupil + in Christ Church in Cambridge, but turned away by him, as he well + deserved to have been, out of the University, and out of the + society of men. If Salmasius his friends knew as much of him as I, + they would make him go near to hang himself. But I desire not to + wound the nation through his sides, yet I have written to him long + since about it roundly. It seems he desires not to touch upon this + subject."--_Works_, vol. i. p. 94, Oxford, 1842. + +That Milton was _rusticated_ from Cambridge, and besides flogged by Dr. +Chappell, there seems little reason to doubt, but it is equally clear +that the punishment was only a temporary one, as he again went into +residence, and took the degrees of bachelor and master of arts in due +course. Whence, then, this sweeping accusation of the great and good +Bramhall's, whose character is a sufficient safeguard that he at all +events _believed_ what he said? Aubrey relates the story of Milton's +being whipped by Dr. Chappell, and afterwards being "transferred to the +tuition of one Dr. Tovell, who dyed parson of Lutterworth."[2] Milton +himself (_Elegiarum Liber, Eleg. I. ad Carolum Deodatum_) speaks of his +residence in London, and alludes, rather gratefully, to his "exilium" +from Cambridge, which he heartily disliked. He also alludes to his being +flogged, as there seems a whole world of meaning in _Cæteraque_: + + "Nec duri libet usque minas perferre magistri, + _Cæteraque ingenio non subeunda meo_. + Si sit hoc _exilium_ patrios adiisse penates, + Et vacuum curis otia grata sequi, + Non ego vel _profugi_ nomen, sortemve recuso, + Lætus et _exilii_ conditione fruor."--Ver. 15. &c. + + [Footnote 2: Dr. Warton has given a long note on the word + _Cæteraque_ in his edition of Milton's _Poems_, 1791, p. 421. He + suggests that probably "Dr. Tovell" should read "Dr. _Tovey_, + parson of _Kegworth_, in Leicestershire."] + +We then get a short sketch of his employments and amusements in London; +and his return to Cambridge is mentioned in the palinode to the last of +his elegies: + + "Donec Socraticos umbrosa academia rivos + Præbuit, admissum dedocuitque jugum. + Protinus extinctis ex illo tempore flammis, + Cincta rigent multo pectora nostra gelu." + +Having now cleared my way in as brief a manner as possible, I must +profess my utter disbelief in the enormities of Milton's life at +Cambridge. He was certainly flogged, but then he was only eighteen years +old at the time, and we know that flogging was permitted by the statutes +of many colleges, and was a favorite recreation amongst the deans, +tutors, and censors of the day. Bramhall's letter has indeed been a +marvellous stumbling-block in my way, ever since the appearance of the +last edition of his works; but I do hope that some of your learned +correspondents will dispel the clouds and shadows that surround me, and +prove that, at all events, Milton was not worse than his neighbours. + +Dr. South and Cowley were never flogged at college, but certainly they +were often flogged at school, or they could not speak so feelingly on +the subject: + + "Those 'plagosi Orbilii' (writes South), those executioners, + rather than instructors of youth; persons fitted to lay about them + in a coach or cart, or to discipline boys before a Spartan altar, + or rather upon it, than to have anything to do in a Christian + school. I would give these pedagogical _Jehus_, those furious + school-drivers, the same advice which the poet says Phoebus gave + his son Phaëton (just such another driver as themselves), that he + should _parcere stimulis_ (the stimulus in driving being of the + same use formerly that the lash is now). Stripes and blows are the + last and basest remedy, and scarce ever fit to be used but upon + such as carry their brains in their backs, and have souls so dull + and stupid as to serve for little else but to keep their bodies + from putrefaction."--_Sermon upon Proverbs, xxii. 6._ + +And Cowley, in describing the _Betula_ (Angl. birch-tree), how he does +paint from nature! + + "Mollis et alba cutim, formosam vertice fundens + Cæsariem, sed mens tetrica est, sed nulla nec arbor + Nec fera sylvarum crudelior incolit umbras: + Nam simul atque urbes concessum intrare domosque + Plagosum _Orbilium_ sævumque imitata _Draconem_ + Illa furit, non ulla viris delicta, nec ullum + Indulgens ludum pueris; inscribere membra + Discentum, teneroque rubescere sanguine gaudet." + + _Plantarum_, lib. vi. pag. 323. Londini, 1668. + +That Milton's character was notorious or infamous at Cambridge has +never, to my knowledge, been proved; and there is in his favour this +most overwhelming testimony, that he never forfeited the esteem and +friendship of the great and good. Was Sir Henry Wotton writing to a man +of blighted and blasted reputation when he sent the kind and +complimentary letter prefixed to _Comus_? In that he not merely +eulogises the "Dorique delicacy" of Milton's songs and odes, but gives +him much kind and considerate advice upon the course he was to pursue in +his travels, as well as some introductions to his own friends, and +promises to keep up a regular correspondence with him during his +absence. Milton was very proud of this letter, and speaks of it in his +_Defensio Secunda_. Again, Milton's associates at Cambridge must have +known all about the misdemeanour (whatever it was) that caused his +rustication, and yet they permitted him to take a part in, and perhaps +to write the preface of, the ever memorable volume which contained the +first edition of _Lycidas_. + +The person commemorated was Edward King, a Fellow of Christ's College, +Cambridge (Milton's own college); and I need not adduce Milton's +affecting allusions to their close and intimate friendship. It was for +another of the _Fellows_ of Christ's College that Milton at the age of +nineteen (the very year after his rustication) wrote the academic +exercise _Naturam non pati Senium_, found amongst his Latin poems. But I +will omit a great many arguments of a similar kind, and ask this +question, Why has Milton's college career escaped the lash of three of +the most sarcastic of writers, Cleveland, Butler, and South, who were +his contemporaries? Cleveland must have known him well, as he, as well +as Milton, had contributed some memorial verses to King, and party +feeling would perhaps have overcome collegiate associations. Nor could +their mutual connexion with _Golden Grove_ have saved him from the +aspersions of Butler. After the Restoration, Richard Lord Vaughan, Earl +of Carbery, appointed the author of _Hudibras_ to the stewardship of +Ludlow Castle; and his second wife was the Lady Alice Egerton, who, at +the age of thirteen, had acted the Lady in Milton's _Comus_. It was to +her likewise that Bishop Jeremy Taylor dedicated the third edition of +the third part of the _Life of Christ_, as he had dedicated the first +edition to Lord Carbery's former wife, whose funeral sermon he preached. +I do not remember that Cleveland or Butler have on any occasion +satirised Milton; but I do remember that Dr. South has done so, and I +cannot understand his silence on the matter if Milton's private +character had been notorious. Of course I do not believe the anonymous +invective ascribed to a son of Bishop Hall's. Dr. South was not the man +to "mince matters," and yet Milton's college life has escaped his +sarcasms. What his opinion of Milton was we may learn from his sermon +preached before King Charles II. upon Judges xix. 30. + + "The Latin advocate (Mr. Milton) who, like a blind adder, has spit + so much poison upon the king's person and cause," &c. + + "In præfat. ad defensionem pro populo Anglicano (as his Latin + is)."--Vol. ii. pp. 201-2. Dublin, 1720. fol. + +Any one who can help me out of my difficulty will much oblige me, as +Bramhall's letter is a painful mystery, and truth of any kind is always +less distressing than vague and shadowy surmises. + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 16, 1851. + + +THE SEMPILLS OF BELTRUS: ROBERT SEMPILL. + +Some few months ago there was published in Edinburgh the first collected +and only complete edition of the _Poems_ by the three brothers "Sir +James, Robert, and Francis Sempill of Beltrus," better known as the +authors of "The Pack-Man's Paternoster; or, a Picktooth for the Pope," +"The Life and Death of Habbie Simson, Piper of Kilbarchum," "The +Blythsome Wedding," "Maggie Lauder," &c., with biographical notices of +their lives. I am now anxious to know if any of your numerous +correspondents can inform me if copies of the original editions of the +_Poems_ by "Robert Sempill" can be procured, or if they are in any of +the public or private libraries in England? The following are what I am +in quest of, viz.: + +1. _The Regentis Tragedie_, 1570. + +2. _The Bischoppis Lyfe and Testament_, 1571. + +3. _My Lorde Methwenis Tragedie_, 1572. + +4. _The Sege of the Castel of Edinburgh_, 1573. + +Also where any notice as to his family, life, and character can be +found. + +A collection of Sempill's _Poems_, with some authentic account of the +author, is certainly a desideratum in Scottish literature. + + T. G. S. + + Edinburgh, Oct. 18. 1851. + + +DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. + +John of Gaunt, by his third wife Katharine Swynford, left four children, +born before his marriage with her, but legitimated by act of parliament. +Of these the eldest is thus mentioned in Burke's "Introduction" to the +_Peerage_, p. xxi.:-- + + "John de Beaufort, _Marquess_ of Somerset and Dorset, who married + Margaret, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, and had a son + John, _Duke_ of Somerset, whose _only daughter and heir_, + Margaret, married Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and was mother + of Henry VII." + +Query, Was Margaret "only child," as well as only daughter of John Duke +of Somerset? or was she not sister to Henry, Edmund, and John, +successively Dukes of Somerset? (See Burke's _Peerage_, "Duke of +Beaufort.") + +In that case, after the death of this last-named Duke John issueless, +she would become "sole heir," as she had always been "sole daughter," of +Duke John the First. + +Or was she in fact _the daughter of this second and last Duke John_? At +his death the male line of Lancaster became extinct; the royal branch +having already failed at the death of Henry VI. + +There appears some little confusion in Burke's excellent work, as may be +seen by comparing p. xxi. of the Introduction, &c., with the genealogy +of the Beaufort family. + + A. B. + + Clifton. + + +Minor Queries. + +246. _Rocky Chasm near Gaëta: Earthquake at the Crucifixion._--Dr. +Basire (who was archdeacon of Northumberland, prebendary of Durham, and +chaplain to King Charles the Martyr and King Charles II.), in his +account of a tour made by himself and companions in 1649, says: + + "Wee landed to see Gaëta, a pleasant, strong, and very antient + citty. In it we saw some wonders, especially the thorow rupture of + a rocky mountain by an earthquake, which tradition sayes, and + Cardinal Baronius publishes to have happened at our Savior's + passion: a stupendous sight it is however, and well worth our + digression."--_Correspondence, &c., of Basire_, edited by the Rev. + W. N. Darnell, p. 90. + +I cannot here consult Baronius, to see whether he gives any references, +and should be very glad to be referred to any ancient historian who has +noticed the event to which this remarkable chasm is attributed, and to +know whether the tradition is preserved by any classical writer. I do +not find the chasm in question described by any naturalist, or other +traveller, whose writings I have been able to refer to. It is in a +locality which abounds with indications of volcanic action. It is said +that the Monte Somma was probably not distinct from the present cone of +Vesuvius prior to the great eruption in A.D. 79. In Dr. Daubeny's +_Description of Active and Extinct Volcanos_, mention is made of an +ancient town beneath the town of Sessa, where a chamber with antique +frescoes and the remains of an amphitheatre were disinterred, of the +overwhelming of which there is no record, nor is there even a tradition +of any eruption having occurred near it in the memory of man. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +247. _Cavalcade._--Your correspondent MR. W. H. HESLEDEN, in his +description of "A Funeral in Hamburgh" (Vol. iv., p. 269.), has twice +made use of the word _cavalcade_ in reference to that which would +otherwise appear to be a walking procession. He will oblige me (and I +dare say others of your readers) by explaining whether the procession +was really equestrian, or whether he has any authority for the +application of the term to pedestrians. The use of the word cannot have +been a mere oversight, since it is repeated. The relation in which it +stands makes it very doubtful whether it can, by any possibility, be +intended to describe a riding party. If, by any latitude, the word may +be otherwise applied, an authority would be interesting. If it is an +error, it certainly should not go uncorrected in "NOTES AND QUERIES." + + NOCAB. + + Harley Street. + +248. _A Sept of Hibernians._--Is _sept_ a word of Erse etymology; and, +if not, of what other? Has it a specific sense; or is it a general +equivalent to _clann_ or _treubh_? + + A. N. + +249. _Yankee Doodle._--Can any of your correspondents explain the origin +of this song, or state in what book a correct version of it can be +found? Likewise, whether the tune is of older date than the song. To +some these may appear trite questions; but I can assure you that I have +been unable to obtain the information I require elsewhere, and my +applications for the song at several music shops, when I was last in +London, were unsuccessful. + + SAMPSON WALKER. + + Cambridge. + +250. _Seventeenth of November: Custom._--When at school at Christ's +Hospital, many years ago, a curious custom prevailed on the 17th +November respecting which I had not then sufficient curiosity to +inquire. + +Two or more boys would take one against whom they had any spite or +grudge, and having lifted him by the arms and legs would bump him on the +hard stones of the cloisters. + +I have often, since I left the school, wondered what could be the origin +of this practice, and more especially as the day was recognised as +having some connexion with Queen Elizabeth. + +In reading, "Sir Roger de Coverley" with notes by Willis, published in +the _Traveller's Library_, I find at p. 134. what I consider a fair +explanation. A full account is there given of the manner in which the +citizens of London intended to celebrate, in 1711, the anniversary of +Queen Elizabeth's accession on 17th November; some parts of which would +almost seem to have been copied during the excitement against the papal +bull in November 1850. + +I have little doubt that originally the unfortunate boy who had to +endure the rude bumping by his schoolfellows was intended to represent +the pope or one of his emissaries, and that those who inflicted the +punishment were looked upon as good Protestants. + +Is there any other school where this day is celebrated; and if so, what +particular custom prevails there? + +The boys always attended morning service at Christ Church on this day. + + F. B. RELTON. + +251. _Chatter-box._--The derivation of this word would seem very plain, +and yet I have some doubts about it. I used to think that we called a +person a "chatter-box" because he or she was, metaphorically speaking, a +box full of chatter, as we should call another person a _bag-of-bones_. +And this seemed confirmed by the German _plaudertasche_, or a +_chatter-bag_, till I learnt from Wackernagel, _Glossar_, that in the +Middle High German _Tasche_ = _a woman_. (See under "Flattertasche.") I +believe we meet with the word again in the epithet _Maultasche_ applied +to the celebrated Margaret Maultasche, the wife of Louis the Elder; +_i.e._ Margaret, the woman with the large mouth. The word also occurs in +the Danish _Taske_ = _a girl_, _a wench_. Hence, I conclude that there +is no doubt but that the German _plaudertasche_ means a chattering +woman. Has our _chatter-box_ the same meaning--_i.e._ is there a word +for _woman_ or _female_ in any of our ancient languages from which _box_ +might arise? The only word which occurs to me just now as confirming +such a supposition is _buxom_ ("to be bonere and buxom, in bedde and at +borde." Ancient Matrimony Service), which is thus = _womanly_. + + J. M. (4) + + St. Mary Tavy, Tavistock. + +252. _Printing in 1449, and Shakspeare._--As the _Esil_ controversy +seems now, if not settled, to be at least lulled, at the risk of +stirring up another Shakspearean discussion, I venture to set down a +passage in the _Second Part of Henry VI._, which I have never yet seen +satisfactorily explained. It is-- + + "Act IV. Scene 7.--_Cade._ ... Thou has most traitorously + corrupted the youth of the realm, in erecting a grammar-school; + and whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the + score and the tally, _thou hast caused printing to be used_; and + contrary to the king, his crown and dignity, _thou hast built a + paper-mill_." + +Is this a mere wilful anachronism on Shakspeare's part; or had "that +misunderstood politician" Mr. John Cade any ground for this particular +accusation against the Lord Treasurer Say? Perhaps some of your +correspondents who have contributed the very interesting Notes on Caxton +and Printing will elucidate the matter. + + W. FRASER. + +253. _Texts before Sermons._--What is the origin of, and the authority +for our present use of texts of Holy Scripture before sermons? In the +Roman Catholic church the custom, I believe, is not the same. The +homilies used in the Church of England have no texts. In the ancient +Postils, was the gospel for the day again read from the pulpit, or were +the hearers supposed to carry it in their minds? It is quite clear that +texts are now in most cases merely the pegs whereon the sermon is hung, +so to speak, and are not read as passages of Holy Scripture to be +expounded to an audience ignorant of the meaning of the sacred volume. +Perhaps this Query may draw forth some remarks on the subject. + + G. R. M. + +254. _Paradyse, Hell, Purgatory._--Can any of your correspondents favour +me with the history and uses of three Chambers or Houses in Westminster + Hall, which in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII. bore these +portentous names? The custody of them was evidently a source of profit; +as there are several grants of it to "squires of the king's body" and +others. (See _Rymer_, xii. 275., xiii. 34.; _Rot. Parl._ vi. 372.) + + Φ. + +255. _Dead Letter._--"If the editor of 'NOTES AND QUERIES' will accept +an indirect suggestion, we should be glad if he, or some of his learned +correspondents, would inform the public of the origin or antiquity of +the popular saying by which a thing, under certain circumstances, is +designated as a 'dead letter.'" + + [Being unwilling that the foregoing Query, which we have taken + from an admirable article on the Dead Letters of the Post Office, + which appeared in _The Times_ of Tuesday last, should itself + become a _dead letter_, we have transferred it to our columns in + hopes that some of our learned correspondents will explain the + origin, and show the antiquity of the phrase by instances of its + earliest use. We do not believe that it is a Post Office + technicality transferred to the vocabulary of every-day life, but + that it is in some way connected with "the letter" that + "killeth."] + +256. _Dominus Bathurst, &c._--Who was "Dominus Bathurst," a Commoner of +Winchester in 1688? "Dominus Anvers" and "Dominus Modyford" occur in +1694; who were they? + + MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +257. _Grammar Schools._--The Editor of the _Family Almanack_ would be +glad if any of the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" could inform him +whether the Grammar Schools founded in the following places are still +open to scholars:-- + +Neale's School, March, Cambridgeshire; Dilborne, Staffordshire; Kirton +in Lindsay, Lincolnshire; Kirton in Holland, Lincolnshire; Nuneaton, +Warwickshire; Pilkington School, Prestwich, Lancashire; Royston, +Yorkshire; Bolton School, Scorton, Yorkshire; Lovel's School, Stickney, +Lincolnshire; Stourbridge, Worcestershire; Tottenham, Middlesex. + +Any letter on the subject can be forwarded to the publisher, 377. +Strand. + +258. _Fermilodum._--I have an antique metal seal in my possession, which +is about two inches and a quarter in diameter, having on its exterior +circle in small capitals SIGILLVM + CIVITATIS + FERMILODVM. I wish to +know if a place with such a seal could be called a _City_, and want a +literal translation of it. My native town was originated by a monastic +establishment, and several of the names of the streets have long puzzled +the learned, such as _May-gate_, _Colorow_ (Collicrow), _Pill_ or Peel +Muir: a place called the Rhodes is also in the vicinity. Would any of +your antiquarian correspondents give derivations of those streets? + + H. E. + +259. _Lord Hungerford._--Who was the Lord Hungerford who was hanged and +degraded (and for what crime?), and who is said in Defoe's _Tour_ (cited +in Southey's _Commonplace Book_, 4th series, p. 429.) to have had a toad +put into his coat of arms? Where can such coat of arms be seen? + + J. R. RELTON. + +260. _Consecration of Bishops in Sweden._--As I see "NOTES AND QUERIES" +attracts notice in Sweden, may I ask whether any record exists of the +consecration of Bothvidus Sermonis, who was appointed to the see of +Strengness by King Gustavus Vasa in 1536? + + E. H. A. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Effigy of a Pilgrim._--There is in the parish church of +Ashby-de-la-Zouch an effigy, which is very interesting from its extreme +rarity; it is placed under a depressed arch in the north wall of the +interior of the edifice, and consists of a recumbent figure of a pilgrim +habited in a cloak and short boots, which lace in front with six holes +just above the instep: his legs are bare, and so is his head, but his +cockle hat lies under his right shoulder; his scrip, hanging from his +right shoulder to his left side, is tolerably perfect; but his row of +beads, suspended from his left shoulder to his right side, is mutilated, +as is also his staff; the hands, which were probably raised in prayer, +are gone; a collar of SS. hangs from his neck (will this be of any use +to MR. E. FOSS, Vol. iv., p. 147.?); the feet of the pilgrim rest +against a curious looking animal, which is said to be a dog. + +Nothing is known as to whom the effigy represents, and I have not +Nichols's _Leicestershire_ by me, to see if he hazards an opinion on the +subject. I shall feel much obliged by any of your numerous readers +kindly informing me where other effigies of pilgrims are to be found, +because if anything is known of them it may possibly help to elucidate +this present case of obscurity. + + THOS. LAURENCE. + + Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + [Nichols, in his _Leicestershire_, vol. iii. p 623., has given + some account of this effigy from Carter and Burton, together with + two sketches of the monument. Carter says, "There is no tradition + to determine whom this figure represents; but Mr. Gough thinks + that it was some person of authority, perhaps a keeper of the + castle, or a bailiff of the town." This monument had been noticed + by Mr. Burton, subsequent to the publication of his _History_; for + in the margin of his volume is this MS. note, and a slight sketch + of the tomb, when the scrip and staff were more perfect than they + are at present:--"On the north side of the church, near to the + great north door, lieth in the wall an ancient monument of a + Palmer in alabaster, which I guess to be of some of the family of + Zouch; which, for the expressing of the manner of the habit, I + caused to be cut and inserted." This sketch is also engraved in + plate lxxvi. of Nichols's _Leicestershire_.] + +"_Modern Universal History._"--At the conclusion of the preface of this +History, in vol. xvi. of the first edition, it is stated, "this work is +illustrated by the most complete set of maps that modern geography +furnishes." My copy is a very fine one, but I do not find any maps +whatever in it. Can any of your readers inform me whether such maps +exist; and if so, in what volumes, and at what pages, they ought to be? +Are they to be obtained separately? + + S. QUARTO. + + [The maps and charts, thirty-seven in number, to the _Modern_ part + of the _Universal History_, were published separately, in folio, + 1766: the volume and page where they are to be inserted are given + on each plate.] + +_Origin of Evil._--Where shall I find this problem fully discussed? + + A. A. D. + + [In Abp. King's _Essay on the Origin of Evil_, translated by + Bishop Law, which has passed through several editions.] + +_Nolo Episcopari._--Why is this phrase applied to a _feigned reluctance_ +in accepting an offer? + + A. A. D. + + [From a note in Blackstone's _Commentaries_, vol. i. p. 380., + edit. Christian, we learn that "it is a prevailing vulgar error, + that every bishop, before he accepts the bishoprick which is + offered him, affects a maiden coyness, and answers _Nolo + episcopari_. The origin of these words and the notion I have not + been able to discover; the bishops certainly give no such refusal + at present, and I am inclined to think they never did at any time + in this country."] + +_Authors of the Homilies._--Presuming that the authors of the Church +Homilies are well known, their writings having been adopted by our +church, and set forth and enjoined by authority to be read in all +churches, I fear I am only showing great ignorance by asking where I can +meet with a list of the writers of those discourses, distinguishing +which of the Homilies were written by each author; and if the writers of +some of them be unknown, then I should be glad to have the names of such +as are known, and the particular Homilies which were written by them. + + G. R. C. + + [Carwithen, in his _History of the Church of England_, vol. i. p. + 221. note _g_, speaking of the first book of Homilies, says, + "These Homilies were the work of Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, + Hopkins, and Becon, one of Cranmer's chaplains. There is little + but internal evidence by which the author of any particular Homily + can be ascertained. The Homily 'Of the Salvation of Mankind,' + being the third as they are now placed, was ascribed by Gardiner + to Cranmer; and Cranmer never denied that it was his. The + eleventh, in three parts, is by Becon; and it is printed among his + works published by himself in three volumes folio. It is in the + second volume." Consult also Le Bas' _Life of Cranmer_, vol. i. p. + 284., and Soames' _Hist. of the Reformation_, vol. iii. p. 56.] + +_Family of Hotham of Yorkshire._--The family of Hotham, or Hothum, of +Boudeby in Yorkshire, acquired large possessions in Kilkenny at an early +period, apparently in consequence of an intermarriage with the Le +Despencers, lords of a third of the liberty of Kilkenny. Can any reader +of "NOTES AND QUERIES" supply me with a pedigree of that family, +especially as connecting therewith Sir John Hotham, Bishop of Ossory, +1779-1782? Any particulars respecting the life of that prelate will also +be thankfully acknowledged: he is said to have been a member of an old +Yorkshire family. (Cotton's _Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernicæ_, vol. ii. p. +288.) + + JAMES GRAVES. + + Kilkenny, Oct. 11. 1851. + + [There are several references to the Hotham family in Sims' _Index + to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the Heralds' Visitations and + other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum_, under Yorkshire. + Granger (_Biographical Hist._, vol. ii. p. 217.) has given a short + account of Sir John Hotham, Governor of Hull _temp._ Charles I. + See also _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. lxiv. p. 182., for a notice of + Sir Charles; and vol. lxviii. p. 633. for an account of the death + of Lady Dorothy Hotham.] + +_Vogelweide._--What authority has Longfellow for his legend of _Walter +of the Bird Meadow_? I find this epitaph given as his in Hone: + + "Pascua qui volucrum vivus, Walthere, fuisti, + Qui flos eloquii, qui Palladis os, obiisti! + Ergo quod aureolam probitas tua possit habere, + Qui legit, hic dicat--'Deus istius miserere!'" + +Has Julius Mosen's _Legend of the Crossbill_, translated by Longfellow, +any more ancient foundation? + + MORTIMER COLLINS. + + [The epitaph, and a very interesting sketch of the life of _Walter + Vogelweide_, with some ably translated specimens of his poetical + compositions, will be found in the late Edgar Taylor's _Lays of + the Minnisingers_, 8vo. London, 1825.] + +_Meaning of Skeatta._--What is a silver Skeatta? See _Gent. Mag._, May, +1851, p. 537. + + J. R. RELTON. + + [Mr. Akerman, in his very useful _Numismatic Manual_, p. 227., + says, "The word _sceatta_ is by some derived from _sceat_, a + _part_ or _portion_. Professor White, in a paper read to the + Ashmolean Society, remarks, that it is of Moeso-Gothic origin, + _scatt_ signifying in the Gospels of Uphilas a _pound_, a _penny_, + and, indeed, money in general." Ruding observes that, "Whatever + might have been the precise value of the _sceatta_, it was + undoubtedly the smallest coin known among the Saxons at the latter + end of the seventh century, as appears from its forming part of a + proverb: Ne sceat ne scilling, _From the least to the greatest_."] + + + + +Replies. + + +MARRIAGE OF ECCLESIASTICS. + +(Vol. iv. pp. 57. 125. 193. 196. 298.) + +Your general readers have reason to be as much obliged as myself to your +correspondents CEPHAS and K. S. for the information contained in the +former's criticisms, and the latter's addition to what you had inserted +in my name on the subject of clerical marriages. + +CEPHAS is very fair, for he does not find fault with other persons' +versions of the first part of Heb. xiii. 4. without giving his own +version to be compared; and he states the ground of his criticisms on my +reference to it. He has kindly told your readers, what they might have +conjectured from the Italics in our authorized version, that in +rendering Τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσι, "Marriage _is_ honourable in +all," they inserted _is_; and to show your readers an example of keeping +closer to the original, he himself renders it as follows: "Let (the laws +of) marriage be revered in all _things_, and the marriage bed be +undefiled." + +Then comes his exposure of my unhappy mistake: "H. WALTER mistakes the +adjective _feminine_ ἐν πᾶσι as meaning _all men_." Really, had +I known that πᾶσι was an adjective feminine, I could scarcely +have fallen into the mistake of supposing it to mean _all men_. But many +of your readers will be likely to feel some sympathy for my error, while +they learn from CEPHAS that the ordinary Greek grammars, in which they +can have proceeded but a very few pages before they read and were called +upon to repeat the cases of πας, πασα, παν, were quite wrong in +teaching us that though πᾶσι might be either masculine or +neuter, it must not be taken for a feminine form. But before we correct +this error in one of the first pages of our grammar, I presume that we +should all like to know from what recondite source CEPHAS has discovered +that πασι, and not πασαις, is the feminine form of this +constantly-recurring adjective. + +But farther, p. 193. will show that I did not give him a right to assume +that I should construe πασι "all _men_." For under my +_mistaken_ view of its being masculine, I thought the weaker sex was +included; and being myself a married man, I knew that marriage +comprehends women as well as men. + +But there is still more to be learnt from the criticisms of CEPHAS, +which the learned world never knew before. For, having told us that +πᾶσι is an adjective feminine, he adds, "it signifies here _in +all things_;" whereas the grammars have long taught that _things_ must +not be understood unless the adjective be neuter. Perhaps he had better +concede that the grammars have not been wrong in allowing that πᾶσι +may be neuter; and then, as we know that it is also masculine, and +he knows it to be feminine, it must be admitted to be of all genders, +and so young learners will be spared all the trouble of distinguishing +between them. If it be admitted that πᾶσι is neuter here, it +may signify _all things_. + +My other mistake, he says, has been that of not perceiving that the +imperative _let_ should be supplied, instead of the indicative _be_. +This must be allowed to be open to debate; but as the proper meaning of +τίμιος is "to be esteemed honourable," "had in reputation" +(Acts v. 34.), will it be a mistake to say, that the primitive +Christians would properly respect marriage, in their clergy as well as +in others, on the ground of the Scriptures saying, "Let marriage be +esteemed honourably in every respect?" Could they properly want ground +for allowing it to the clergy, when they could also read 1 Tim. iii. 2. +11., and Titus i. 6.? As CEPHAS quotes the Vulgate for authority in +favour of _enim_ in the next clause, he might have told your readers to +respect its authority in rendering the first clause, "Honorabile +connubium in omnibus." And if he has no new rules for correcting Syriac +as well as Greek, that very ancient version, though the gender of the +adjective be ambiguous in the equivalent to πᾶσι, renders the +next clause, "and _their_ couch _is_ pure," showing that _persons_ were +understood. + +Next comes K. S., who tells your readers that Whiston quotes the +well-known _Doctor_ Wall for evidence as to the prohibition of second +marriages among the Greek clergy, before the Council of Nice. I should +like to know something of this _well-known Doctor_. There was a +well-known Mr. Wall, who wrote on baptism; and there was a Don Ricardo +Wall, a Spanish minister of state, well known in his day, and there was +a Governor Wall, too well known from his being hanged; but I cannot find +that any of these was a Doctor, so as to be the well-known Doctor Wall, +whose "authority no one would willingly undervalue," (p. 299.) As for +poor Whiston, his name was well known too, as a bye-word for a person +somewhat crazy, when he quitted those mathematical studies which +compelled him to fix his mind on his subject with steadiness whilst +pursuing them. K. S. has told us that he terms "the _Apostolic +Constitutions_ the most sacred of the canonical books of the New +Testament." Such an opinion is quite enough as a test of Whiston's power +of judging in such questions. After much discussion, the most learned of +modern investigators assigns the compilation of the first six books of +those _Constitutions_ to the end of the third century, and the eighth to +the middle of the fourth. + +In the remarks to which CEPHAS has thus adverted, I gave some evidence +of marriages among ecclesiastics, at later dates than your correspondent +supposes such to have been allowed. Can he disprove that evidence? (See +Vol. iv., p. 194.) + + HENRY WALTER. + +Your correspondent CEPHAS attacks the authorised version of Heb. xiii. +4., and favours your readers with another. I venture to offer a few +remarks on both these points. + +I. He thinks-- + + "The authors of the authorised version advisedly inserted _is_ + instead of _let_, to forward their own new (?) doctrines." + +Doubtless whatever the translators did was done "_advisedly_;" but what +proof has CEPHAS that they adopted the present version _merely_ to serve +their own "interest?" Some verb _must_ be supplied, and either form will +suit the passage. It is true that Hammond prefers _let_ to _is_, but +there is as great authority on the other side. + +1. St. Chrysostom: + + "_For marriage is honourable, and the bed undefiled_: why art thou + ashamed of the honourable; why blushest thou at the + undefiled?"--_Hom. XII._ (Colos. vi.) Oxf. Trans., vol. xiv. p. + 330. + + "_For marriage is honourable._"--_Hom. X._ (1 Tim. i.), Oxf. + Trans., vol. xii. p. 77. + + "And this I say, not as accusing marriage; _for it is honourable_: + but those who have used it amiss."--_Hom. IX._ (2 Corin. iii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xxvii. p. 120. + + "And the blessed Paul says, '_Marriage is honourable in all, and + the bed undefiled_;' but he has nowhere said, that the care of + riches is honourable, but the reverse."--_Hom. V._ (Tit. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xii. p. 313. + + "Thus marriage is accounted an honourable thing both by us and by + those without; and _it is honourable_."--_Hom. XII._ (1 Cor. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. iv. p. 160. + +2. St. Augustine: + + "Hear what God saith; not what thine own mind, in indulgence to + thine own sins, may say, or what thy friend, thine enemy rather + and his own too, bound in the same bond of iniquity with thee, may + say. Hear then what the Apostle saith: '_Marriage is honourable in + all, and the bed undefiled. But whoremongers and adulterers God + will judge._'"--_Hom. on N.T._, Serm. xxxii. [82 B], Oxf. T., vol. + xvi. p. 263. + + "'_Honourable, therefore, is marriage in all_, [he had just before + been speaking of married persons] _and the bed undefiled._' And + this we do not so call a good, as that it is a good in comparison + of fornication," &c.--_Short Treat. de Bono Conjug._, Oxf. T., + vol. xxii. p. 283. + +3. St. Jerome, to whose authority perhaps CEPHAS will sooner bow on a +version of Holy Scripture than to Hammond's: + + "Illi scriptum est: 'Honorabiles nuptiæ, et cubile immaculatum:' + Tibi legitur, 'Fornicatores _autem_ et adulteros judicabit + Deus.'"--69. _Epist. ad Ocean. Hier. Op._, vol. i. f. 325. + Basileæ. Ed. Erasm. 1526. + +In all these passages the words are quoted _affirmatively_, as is +evident from the context; and it seems more likely, as well as more +charitable, to believe that our translators were induced to adopt the +present version in deference to such authorities, than to impute to them +paltry motives of party purposes, which at the same time they have +themselves taken the surest means to get exposed, by printing the +inserted word in Italics. Can CEPHAS adduce any Father who quotes the +text as he would read it, in the imperative mood, and with the sense of +"all things," not "all persons?" There may be such, but they require to +be alleged in the face of positive and adverse testimony. It is evident +that the mere substitution of ἔστω for ἐστι, without an +entire change of the rest of the passage, will make no difference; +for that which was an assertion before will then have become a command. + +II. CEPHAS proposes another version, and observes, "H. WALTER mistakes +the adjective feminine ἐν πᾶσι as meaning 'all men,' whereas it +signifies here 'in all things.'" Probably this is the first time that +MR. H. WALTER and your other readers ever heard that ἐν πᾶσι +was a _feminine_ adjective. Your learned critic must surely have either +forgotten his Greek grammar, in his haste to correct the translators of +the Bible, or else is not strong in the genders; for he has unluckily +hit upon the very gender which πᾶσι cannot be, by any +possibility. But let it pass for a "lapsus memoriæ." However, he +supports his version of "all things" by one other passage, 2 Cor. xi. +6., where yet it _may_ be translated, as Hammond himself does in the +margin, "among all men" (cf. v. 8.): and I will offer him one other: + + ἵνα ἐν πᾶσι δοξάζηται ὁ Θεὸς διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.--1 Pet. + iv. 11. + + [Scil. χαρίσμασιν.] + +But does CEPHAS mean to say that ἐν πᾶσι is _always_ to be thus +rendered, when found without a substantive? Here are five passages from +St. Paul's Epistles, in which, with one possible exception, it +_evidently_ means "persons," not "things." + + 1. ὁ δὲ αὐτός ἐστι Θεὸς, ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν.--1 Cor. + xii. 6. + + 2. ἵνα ᾖ ὁ Θεὸς τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν.--1 Cor. xv. 28. + + 3. βάρβαρος, Σκύθης, δοῦλος, ἐλεύθερος, ἀλλὰ τὰ πάντα καὶ ἐν πᾶσι + Χριστός.--Col. iii. 11. + + 4. ταῦτα μελέτα, ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι· ἵνα σοῦ ἡ προκοπὴ φανερὰ ᾖ ἐν + πᾶσιν.--1 Tim. iv. 15. + + 5. ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν πᾶσιν ἡ γνῶσις.--1 Cor. viii. 7. + +Upon the whole, then, I imagine that if any one will take the trouble to +compare the passages above cited, and others in which the phrase +ἐν πᾶσι is used, he will find that _generally_ it refers to "persons," +and requires to be limited by the context before it bears the sense of +"_things_:"--in other words, that the former meaning is to be considered +the rule, the latter the exception. + + E. A. D. + +Is not this somewhat dangerous ground for "NOTES AND QUERIES" to venture +upon, bearing in mind "the depths profound" of disputatious polemics by +which it is bounded? As, however, A. B. C. has, to a certain extent, led +you forward, it were well for you to offer a more sufficient direction +to the intricacies of the way, than can be found in the only +half-informed "Replies" which have hitherto been given to his inquiry. +This is the more necessary, as we now are accustomed to turn to you for +the resolution of many of our doubts; and, under these circumstances, it +were better that you spake not at all, than that your language be +incomplete or uncertain. But the present question, from the very nature +of the case, is involved in some difficulty; and, to set about the proof +of individual instances of the non-celibate _as a rule_ of the bishops +of the primitive Church, or to discuss probabilities, which have already +formed the subject of much παραδιατριβή, would fill more of +your pages than you would be ready to devote to such a purpose. It would +best then subserve the intentions of your publication, upon such a +matter as the present, to direct the attention of your correspondents to +accredited sources of information, and leave them to work out the +results for themselves. Voluminous are these authorities, but it will be +found that the following contain the entire subject in dispute, as +presented by the combatants on both sides; namely, _The Defense of the +Apologie_, edit. fol. 1571, pp. 194-231, 540-545.; Wharton's _Treatise +of the Celibacy of the Clergy_, in Gibson's _Preservative against +Popery_, fol. 1738, vol. i. pp. 278-339.; and Preby. Payne's _Texts +Examin'd_, &c., in _the same_, pp. 340-359. Previously, however, to +commencing the study of these authorities, I would recommend a perusal +of the statement made by Messrs. Berington and Kirk, on the celibacy of +the clergy, in _The Faith of Catholics_, &c., edit. 1830, p. 384. + + COWGILL. + + [COWGILL is right: the question of the Marriage of Ecclesiastics + is not calculated for our pages. But our correspondent CEPHAS + having impugned the scholarship of H. WALTER, and the honesty of + the translators of the authorized version, justice required that + we should insert MR. WALTER'S answer, and one of the many replies + we have received in defence of the translators. With these, and + COWGILL'S references to authorities which may be consulted upon + the question, the discussion in our columns must terminate.] + + +LORD STRAFFORD AND ARCHBISHOP USSHER. + +(Vol. iv., p. 290.) + +The question raised by PEREGRINUS is one of interest, which a comparison +of original and trustworthy writers enables us soon to settle. It is no +vulgar calumny which implicates Ussher in the advice which induced +Charles I. to consent to the murder of Lord Strafford; and though it +seems not unlikely that from timidity Ussher avoided giving any advice, +but allowed it to be inferred that he coincided in the counsel of +Williams; after weighing the evidence on this subject it is, to say the +least, impossible for us to believe for an instant that he acted in the +same noble manner as Bishop Juxon. Thus far is clear, that Bishop Juxon, +knowing that the king was satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +besought him to refuse to allow of the execution, and to "trust God with +the rest." Neither is it denied that Bishops Williams, Potter, and +Morton advised the king to assent to the bill of attainder, on the +ground that he was only assenting to the deeds of others, and was not +himself acting responsibly. And assuredly the same evidence which +carries us thus far, will not allow of our supposing that Ussher joined +with Juxon, though, as I have said before, he may, when summoned, have +avoided giving any advice. The facts seem simply these: when it was +known that the king, satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +hesitated about affixing his signature to the bill, or granting a +commission to others to do so, the London rabble, lord mayor, and +prentice lads were next called up, and the safety of the royal family +menaced. This led to the queen's solicitation, that Charles would regard +the lives of his family and sacrifice Strafford. Still the king could +not be moved. He had scruples of conscience, as well he might. This the +peers knowing, they _selected_ four bishops who should satisfy these +scruples: the four thus selected were Ussher, Williams, Morton, and +Potter. On Sunday morning, the 9th of May, the _four_ should have +proceeded to Whitehall: the _three_ latter did so; but Ussher preferred +the safer course of going and preaching at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, +leaving to his brother bishops the task of distinguishing between the +king's private conscience and his corporate one. The king, not satisfied +to leave the matter in the hands of those specially selected to urge his +consent, summoned the Privy Council. Juxon was present as Lord +Treasurer, and gave that noble and truly Christian advice: "Sir, you +know the judgment of your own conscience; I beseech you follow that, and +trust God with the rest." Moved by this, and by his own conviction of +Strafford's innocence, the king still refused assent; and it was needful +to hold another meeting, which was done in the evening of the same day. +As evening service had not been introduced into churches, Ussher was +present at the palace, and by his silence acquiesced in the advice +tendered by Bishop Williams. After the bill was signed, he broke silence +in useless regrets. But it was then too late to benefit Strafford, and +quite safe to utter his own opinions. In opposition to this, which rests +upon indisputable evidence, and with which Ussher's own statement +entirely accords, PEREGRINUS adduces the fact that Ussher attended +Strafford on the scaffold. But what does this prove? Merely that the +faction which would not tolerate that Laud or Juxon should minister the +last offices of the Church to their dying friend, did not object to +Ussher's presence; and that Strafford, who could have known nothing of +what had passed on Sunday in the interior of Whitehall, gladly accepted +the consolations of religion from the hands of the timid Primate of all +Ireland. + +The substance of what appears in Elrington's _Life of Ussher_ had been +long before stated by Dr. Thomas Smith in his _Vita Jacobi Usserii_, +apud _Vitæ quorundam Erudit. et Illust. Virorum_; but if, in addition, +PEREGRINUS would consult May's _History of the Long Parliament_; +Echard's _History of England_, bk. ii. ch. i.; Whitelocke's _Memorials_, +p. 45.; Rushworth; Collier's _Ecclesiastical History_, t. ii. p. 801.; +Dr. Knowler, in Preface to _The Earl of Strafford's Letters and +Dispatches_; Dr. South, in _Sermon on Rom_. xi. 33.; and Sir George +Radcliffe's Essay in Appendix to _Letters, &c. of Lord Strafford_, t. +ii. p. 432., I doubt not but that he will come to the conclusion that +the above sketch is only consistent with stern fact. + + W. DN. + + +SCULPTURED STONES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND. + +(Vol. iv., p. 86.) + +ABERDONIENSIS tells us that Mr. Chalmers, of Auldbar, had got drawings +of the sculptured stone obelisks in Angus lithographed for the Bannatyne +Club, and that the work had excited considerable interest, and that the +Spalding Club of Aberdeen are now obtaining drawings of the stones of +this description in the north of Scotland. Circulars from the Spalding +Club desiring information had been sent to a large number of the clergy, +to which answers had been received only from a small portion, and he +desired further information. These monuments, he states, are not to be +found south of the Forth, and I am told not further north than +Sutherlandshire. It would be desirable to know what these sculptured +obelisks and the sculptures on them are; if symbolical, of what, or what +they serve to illustrate; the supposed race and date to which they are +referable. What the Veronese antiquarians, Maffei and Bianchini, did +from the nation's ancient remains to throw light on history, shows what +may be done. In Orkney no sculptured stone, or stone with a runic +inscription, has been noticed among its circles of standing stones, or +single bantasteins; and though it is right to admit that attention has +not been directed to seeking them, yet I do not believe they could have +escaped observation had there been any such. The absence of runic stones +in Orkney appears singular in a country certainly Scandinavian from its +conquest by Harald Harfager, king of Norway, A.D. 895 (or perhaps +earlier), till its transfer to Scotland in 1468 in mortgage for a part +of the marriage portion of the Danish princess who became the queen of +James III. of Scotland by treaty between the countries of Denmark and +Norway and Scotland. In Zetland Dr. Hibbert noticed a few ruins, and +within these few days the peregrinations of the Spalding Club have +brought to notice, in the Island of Bruray, a stone of runic state, +having inscribed on it letters like runic characters, and sculptures in +relief, but decayed. A drawing is being made of it, to satisfy +antiquarian curiosity. It may merit notice that _no_ runic stones have +been found in Orkney, nor circles of standing stones in Zetland. The +sculptures of classic antiquity have been made use of to elucidate +history, and it is equally to be desired that those Scottish sculptured +remains should, if possible, be rescued from what Sir Francis Palgrave +calls the "speechless past," and made to tell their tale in illustration +of the earlier period of Scottish or Caledonian story. + + W. H. F. + + +ANAGRAMS. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 226, 297.) + +As anagrams have been admitted into your pages, perhaps the following, +on the merits of your publication, may find a place. + +(1.) Every one will allow that "NOTES AND QUERIES" is _a +Question-Sender_, and a very efficient one too. + +(2.) Always ready to furnish information, it says to all, _O send in a +Request_. + +(3.) Its principles are loyal and constitutional, for its very name, in +other words, is _Queens and Tories_. + +(4.) It is suited to all classes, for while it instructs the people, it +_tires no sad queen_. + +(5.) It promotes peaceful studies so much that it _ends a queen's riot_. + +(6.) The new subscriber finds it so interesting that on his bookseller's +asking if he wishes to continue it, he is sure to say, _No end as I +request_. + +(7.) Lastly, its pages are only too absorbing; for I often observe +(after dinner) my friend _A--n's nose quite red_. + +Hoping the editor, who must be accustomed, from the variety of his +contributions, to (8) _stand queer noise_, will excuse this trifling, I +beg to subscribe myself, + + (9) DAN. STONE, ESQUIRE. + +As some of your readers feel an interest in anagrams, I venture to make +an additional contribution. Polemics apart, it will strike most persons +as remarkably happy: + + "But, holie father, I am certifyed + That they youre power and policye deride; + And how of you they make an anagram, + The best and bitterest that the wits could frame. + As thus: + _Supremus Pontifex Romanus._ + Annagramma: + _O non sum super petram fixus._" + +It occurs in Taylor's _Suddaine Turne of Fortune's Wheele_, lately +printed for private circulation, under the care of Mr. Halliwell. + + C. H. + +I am surprised not one of your correspondents has noticed the anagram by +George Herbert on _Roma_. As it is a good specimen of what may be +called "learned trifling" I subjoin a copy of it:-- + + "Roma dabit oram, Maro, + Ramo, armo, mora, et amor. + + "Roma tuum nomen quam non pertransiit _Oram_ + Cum Latium ferrent sæcula prisca jugum? + Non deerat vel fama tibi, vel carmina famæ, + Unde _Maro_ laudes duxit ad astra tuas. + At nunc exsucco similis tua gloria _Ramo_ + A veteri trunco et nobilitate cadit. + Laus antiqua et honor perierunt, te velut _Armo_ + Jam deturbârunt tempora longa suo. + Quin tibi jam desperatæ _Mora_ nulla medetur; + Qua Fabio quondam sub duce nata salus. + Hinc te olim gentes miratæ odêre vicissim; + Et cum sublata laude recedit _Amor_." + + H. C. K. + +Amongst George Herbert's _Poems_ is an anagram, which I shall only +allude to, as it is upon a sacred subject; and Fulke Greville, Lord +Brooke, has left us a play upon his own name, which would scarcely +satisfy the requirements of MR. BREEN. However, I am glad of any +opportunity of referring to our great English Lucretius, and will +transcribe it:-- + + "Let no man aske my name, + Nor what else I should be; + For _Greiv-Ill_, paine, forlorne estate + Doe best decipher me." + + "Cælica," sonnet lxxxiii. _Works_, p. 233. Lond. 1633. + +To me the most satisfactory anagram in the English language is that by +the witty satirist Cleveland upon Oliver Cromwell: + + _Protector. O Portet C. R._ + + Cleveland's _Works_, p. 343. Lond. 1687. + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 18. 1851. + + +THE LOCUSTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. + +(Vol. iv., p. 255.) + +The Romaic version of Matt. iv. 4. is almost verbally taken from the +Greek, "ἡ δὲ τροφὴ αὐτοῦ ἦν ἀκρίδες καὶ μέλι ἄγριον." In Mark +i. 6., the expression is ἐσθίων ἀκρίδας. The only other place +in the New Testament were the word ἀκρὶς is found, is in Rev. +ix. 3. 7., where it plainly means a locust. + +In the Septuagint version the word is commonly used for the Hebrew +אַרְבֶּה, locust, of the meaning of which there is no dispute; as +in Exodus, x. 4. 12, 13, 14.; Deut. xxviii. 38.; Joel, i. 4., ii. 25.; +Ps. cv. 34., &c. + +In other places the word ἀκρὶς in the Septuagint corresponds to +חָגַב, in the Hebrew, as in Numb. xiii. 33.; Is. xl. 22.; and +that this was a species of locust which was eatable, appears from Lev. +xi. 21, 22.: + + "Yet there may ye eat of every _flying_ creeping thing that goeth + upon all fours, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal + upon the earth; even those of them ye may eat, the locust + (אֶת הָאַרְבֶּה, τὸν βροῦχον) after his kind, and + the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and + the grasshopper (אֶת הֶחָגַב, τὴν ἀκρίδα) after his kind." + +That locusts were eaten in the East is plain from Pliny, who in xi. 29. +relates this of the Parthians; and in vi. 30. of the Ethiopians, among +whom was a tribe called the Acridophagi, from their use of the +ἀκρὶς for food. + +There seems, then, no reason to suppose that in Matt. iv. 4., Mark i. +6., the word ἀκρίδες should be taken to mean anything but +locusts. + +It was, however, a very ancient opinion that the word ἀκρίδες +here means ἀκρόδρυα, or ἄκρα δρύων, or ἀκρέμονες, or ἀκρίσματα, +the ends of the branches of trees; +although the word ἀκρίδες is never used in this sense by pure +Greek writers. + + T. C. + + Durham. + +The interpretation of ἀκρίδες (Matt. iii. 4.) suggested to +Βορέας is not new. Isidorus Pelusiota (Epist. i. 132.) says: + + "αἱ ἀκρίδες, αἷς Ἰωάννης ἐτρέφετο, οὐ ζῶά εἰσιν, ὥς + τινες οἴονται ἀμαθῶς, κανθάροις ἀπεοίκοτἀπεοικότα· μὴ γένοιτο· ἀλλ' + ἀκρέμονες βοτανῶν ἢ φυτῶν." + +Chrysostom, Theophylact, and others, either adopt or quote the same +interpretation, as may be seen by referring to Suicer, _Thes. Eccl._, +under the word Ἀκρίς. + +But in the absence of any direct proof that the word was ever used in +this sense, I do not think it safe to adopt interpretations which +possibly rested only on some tradition. + +There is positive proof that locusts were eaten by some people. In Lev. +xi. 22. we have, + + "These of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald + locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the + grasshopper after his kind." + +In this passage we find ἀκρίδα used by the LXX. for the Hebrew +חָגַב, the last of the four kinds specified. I find in +several commentators whom I have consulted, reference to Bochart's +_Hierozoicon_, ii. 4. 7., but as I have not the book by me, I must be +content with referring your correspondent to it; and if he will look at +the commentaries of Elsner and Kuinoel, and Schleusner's _Lexicon_, he +will find references to so many authors in confirmation of the fact in +question, that I think he will not disagree with me in concluding that +where the balance of learned opinion, as well as of evidence, is so +great in favour of one interpretation, we ought not rashly to take up +another, however intelligent the party may be by whom it was suggested. + +I have just looked into Wolfius on the New Testament, and there find a +list of writers who have adopted the interpretations of the Father +above mentioned, and also a host of others who defend the received +explanation. If they should be within the reach of Βορέας (as +most of them are not in mine), he will be able to balance their +arguments for himself. + + ב. + + L---- Rectory, Somerset. + +Perhaps the following may be useful to your correspondent +Βορέας on the word ἀκρίδες, St. Matt. iii. 4. + +Lev. xi. 22., we have an enumeration of the various kinds of locusts +known to the Jews, viz. the locust proper, the bald locust, beetle, +grasshopper; rendered in the Vulgate respectively, _bruchus_, _attacus_, +_ophiomachus_, _locusta_, the latter by the Septuagint, +ἀκρίδες. The Hebrew אַרְבֶּה, the locust proper, from רָבָה, to +multiply, is used chiefly for the ravaging locust, as Exod. +x. 12., probably a larger kind; while חָגַב, which is +translated _grasshopper_ in our version above, Vulg. _locusta_, Sept. +ἀκρίδες, rendered by Fuerstius (_Heb. Conc._) _locusta +gregaria_, is mostly used as implying diminutiveness, as Numbers, xiii. +33., and but once as a devouring insect, 2 Chro. vii. 13. It is +translated indiscriminately, in our version, _locust_ and _grasshopper_; +all these were edible and permitted to the Jews. Singularly enough, +there is one passage in which this word חָגַב is used, viz. +Eccl. xii. 5., in which it is doubted by some whether it may not mean a +vegetable; but this is not the opinion of the best authorities. The +observation of Grotius, by-the-bye, on the place is extremely curious, +differing from all the other commentators. + +What we learn from the Old Testament, then is the probability that +ἀκρίδες meant a smaller kind of locust; and that they were +edible and permitted to the Jews. We have abundant evidence, moreover, +from other quarters, that these locusts were prized as food by +frequenters of the desert. Joh. Leo (_Descript. Africæ_, book ix., +quoted by Drusius, _Crit. Sac._) says: + + "Arabiæ desertæ et Libyæ populi locustarum adventum pro felici + habent omine; nam vel elixas, vel ad solem desiccatas, in farinam + tundunt atque edunt." + +Again, _Mercurialis, de Morb. Puerorum_, i. 3. ap. eun.: + + "Refert Agatharchides, in libro de Mare Rubro, + ἀκριδοφάγους, i.e. eos qui vescuntur locustis, corpora habere + maxime extenuata et macilenta." + +Fit food, therefore, of the ascetic. Theophylact understood by +ἀκρίδες a wild herb or fruit; but all the most trustworthy commentators +besides were of opinion that an animal was intended. + +The modern Greek interpretation of ἀκρίδες, "the young and +tender shoots of plants," may perhaps be traced in what Balth. +Stolbergius (see his essay on this passage, the most copious of any) +says; maintaining it to be an animal, he adds,-- + + "Insectum, infirmis pennis alatum, ac proinde altius non evolans, + sic dictum ab uredine locorum quæ attingit; quasi loca usta. + Græcè, ἀκρὶς, παρὰ τὰς ἄκρας τῶν ἀσταχύων καὶ τῶν φυτῶν νόμεσθαι." + +The following from _Hieron. adv. Jovinian_, ii. 6., quoted by Drusius, +while it asserts that locusts were esteemed as food in some countries, +will, perhaps, account for the unwillingness of the Greek friend of your +correspondent Βορέας to recognise an animal in the ἀκρίδες of John +the Baptist: + + "Apud orientales et Libyæ populos, quia per desertum et calidam + eremi vastitatem locustarum nubes reperiuntur, locustis vesci + moris est; hoc verum esse Johannes quoque Baptista probat. + Compelle Phrygem et Ponticum ut locustas comedat, nefas putabit." + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +Will you permit me to observe that the proper word is _locusts_? For I +remember when I was at Constantinople in the year 1809, that passing +through the fruit and vegetable bazaar, I observed some dried fruits, +resembling a large French bean pod; they appeared dry, and were of a +brown colour. I inquired the name of "the fruit;" I was told they were +"locusts." I was struck with the name, for I remembered the passage in +the New Testament, and I could not reconcile my mind to St. John living +upon locusts (the insects) and wild honey. I immediately tasted some of +the fruit, and found it sweet and good, something similar to the date, +but not so good, although nutritious. I was thus instantly convinced of +the possibility of St. John living upon "locusts and wild honey" in the +desert. I have related to you this fact as it occurred to me. The locust +tree must be well known amongst horticulturists. I do not pretend to +enter into the question whether the translation is right or wrong, as I +am no "scollard," as the old woman said. + + J. BL. + +There is in Malta, the north of Africa, and Syria, a tree called the +locust tree; it bears a pod resembling the bean, and affords in those +countries food for both man and horse, which I have no doubt in my own +mind is the locust of the New Testament. If your correspondent feels +curious on the subject, I would search the bottom of my portmanteau, and +perhaps might be able to forward him a specimen. + + J. W. + +Relative to the meaning of Ἀκρίδες in Matt. iii., I beg to +refer your correspondent Βορέας to the note in Dr. Burton's +_Gr. Test._, where he will find reference to the authors who have +discussed the question. + + DX. + + +THE SOUL'S ERRAND. + +(Vol. iv., p. 274.) + +This beautiful little poem is assigned by Bishop Percy to Sir Walter +Raleigh, by whom it is said to have been written the night before his +execution; this assertion is, however, proved to be unfounded, from the +fact that Raleigh was not executed until 1618, and the poem in question +was printed in the second edition of Francis Davidson's _Poetical +Rhapsody_, in 1608. "It is nevertheless possible," observes Sir Harris +Nicolas (Introduction to _Poetical Rhapsody_, p. ci.), "that it was +written by Raleigh the night before he _expected_ to have been executed +at Winchester, November, 1603, a circumstance which is perfectly +reconcileable to dates, and in some degree accounts for the tradition +alluded to." This ground must be now abandoned, as it is certain that +MS. copies of the poem exist of a still earlier date. Malone had a MS. +copy of it dated 1595 (_Shakspeare by Boswell_, vol. ii. p. 579.); +Brydges speaks of one in the British Museum dated 1596 (_Lee Priory +edit. of Raleigh's Works_, vol. viii. p. 725.); and Campbell says, "it +can be traced to a MS. of a date as early as 1593" (_Specimens_, p. 57. +second edit.). + +"The Soul's Errand" is found in the folio edition of Joshua Sylvester's +_Works_, and also in the poems of Lord Pembroke. Ritson, whose authority +merits some attention, peremptorily attributes it to Francis Davison. +"_The Answer to the Lye_," he observes, "usually ascribed to Raleigh, +and pretended to have been written the night before his execution, was +in fact by Francis Davison" (_Bib. Poet._ p. 308.). + +The evidence in favour of these three claimants has been well examined +by the Rev. John Hannah (see _Poems by Sir Henry Wotton, Sir Walter +Raleigh, and others_, 12mo. 1845, pp. 89-99.), and completely set aside. +The same gentleman has printed a curious poetical piece, from an old MS. +Miscellany in the Chetham Library at Manchester (8012. p. 107), which +does something to establish Raleigh's claim. It commences as follows:-- + + "Go, Eccho of the minde; + A careles troth protest; + Make answere yt _rude Rawly_ + No stomack can disgest." + + "In these verses (remarks Mr. Hannah) three points especially + deserve attention; first, that they assign the disputed poem to + Raleigh _by name_; next, that they were written _when he was still + alive_, as is plain from the concluding stanza; and lastly, that + they give the reason why it has been found so difficult to + discover its true author, for the 13th stanza intimates that 'The + Lie' was anonymous, though its writer was not altogether unknown." + +Many MS. copies of "The Soul's Errand" exist. Two of them have been +printed at the end of Sir Harris Nicolas's edition of Davison's +_Poetical Rhapsody_; the one from Harl. MS. 2296., the other from a +manuscript in the same collection, No. 6910.; the readings of which not +only differ materially from each other, but in a slight degree also from +the printed copies. The title in Davison is "The Lie," which is retained +by Percy; that of "The Soul's Errand" was taken by Ellis from +Sylvester's _Works_. In some copies it is called "The Farewell." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +The lines reported to have been written by Sir Walter Raleigh the night +before his execution were _not_, I think, those alluded to by ÆGROTUS. +In the _Reliquiæ Wottonianæ_ are some few "poems found amongst the +papers of Sir Henry Wotton," one of which is headed "Sir Walter Raleigh +the Night before his Death," and is this: + + "Even such is _time_ that takes on trust + Our _youth_, our _joyes_, our all we have, + And pays us but with _age_ and _dust_; + Who in the dark and silent grave + (When we have wandered all our ways) + Shuts up the story of our days. + But from this _earth_, this _grave_, this _dust_, + My God shall raise me up, I trust."--W. R. + + P. 396, 3d edition, London, 1672. + +In the _Collection of Sacred Poetry_, edited for the Parker Society by +Mr. Farr (vol. i. p. 236.), the lines I have adduced are headed "An +Epitaph" and attributed to Sir W. Raleigh on the above melancholy +occasion. + +"The Soul's Errand," which ÆGROTUS quotes from, is entitled "The +Farewell" in the same collection; but so much ambiguity rests upon Sir +Walter's poetry that I shall merely add my conviction that the "Epitaph" +is only a fragment--"judicent peritiores." + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 14. 1851. + + [BARTANUS, JOHN ALGOR, H. E. H. have also kindly replied to this + Query.] + + +THE TWO DRS. ABERCROMBIE. + +(Vol. iii., p. 209.) + +It does not appear that David and Patrick Abercromby either studied or +graduated at the University of Leyden. Their names are not found in the +alphabetic registers of the students matriculated in the University.[3] +For this reason the academic dissertations of these two physicians will +be sought in vain in the University library. Three works of David +Abercromby are, however, here: + + 1. "Tuta ac Efficax + Luis Venereæ, sæpe absque + Mercurio, ac semper absque + Salivatione Mercuriali + Curandæ Methodus. + Authore Davide Abercromby, M.D. + Londini, impensis Samuel Smith ad + insigne principis in Coemiterio Divi + Pauli. MDCLXXXIV." + Dedicated to Dr. Whistlero + (Dubam, Londini, 7th Apr. 1684). + + 2. "Davidis Abercromby, M.D. + De variatione, ac varietate Pulsus Observationes + accessit ejusdem authoris + Nova Medicinæ + tum Speculativæ, + Tum Practicæ Clavis + Sive ars + Explorandi Medicæ Plantarum ac Corporum + quorum--cumque Facultatis + ex solo sapore.--Imp. Samuel Smith. + Londini, MDCLXXXV. in 8vo." + Dedicated to Robert Boyle. + + 3. "Davidis Abercrombii, + Scoto-Britanni + Philosoph. ac Med. Doct. + Fur Academicus. + Amstelodami, apud Abrahamum + Wolfgang, 1689." + Dedicated to Jacobus Cuperus + (classis ex Indiá nuper + reducis archithalasso.) + + [Footnote 3: These are now under the care of Professor N. C. Kist + of Leyden. It is to be regretted that they are not printed.] + +Here is a list of the Abercrombys who have studied at Leyden, with the +dates of their matriculation:-- + + "6. Oct. 1713. Alexander Abercromby, Scotus, an. 21. Stud. Juris." + + "25. Oct. 1724. Georgius Abercromby, an. 21, et Jacobus + Abercromby, an. 20, Scoto-Britanni, Stud. Juris. Residing with + Beeck in the Brustraet." + + "18. Nov. 1724. Jacobus Abercromby, Scotus, an. 24. Stud. Juris. + Resides with S. Rosier, in the Moorstug." + + "3. Aug. 1725. Georgius Abercromby, Scoto-Britannus, an. 22. Stud. + Juris. Apud J. Boudar, in the Brustraet." + + "3. Aug. 1725. Jacobus Abercromby, Scoto-Brit., an. 20. Stud. + Juris. Apud eundem." + +There is no other dissertation or work of the Abercrombys in the library +or the university here. + + ELSEVIR. + + Leyden. + + [We are indebted to the kindness of the Editor of the _Navorscher_ + for this extract from his forthcoming number.] + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Dacre Monument at Hurstmonceux_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.)--E. V. asks for the +names of the bearers of the following coats of arms on the monument to +the Dacre family in Hurstmonceux church. I beg to supply them: + +1. Sab. a cross or. Havenell. + +2. Barry of six arg. and az. a bend gules. Grey. + +3. Arg. a fess gules. Doddingsells. + +4. Quarterly or and gules an escarbuncle of eight rays floratty sab. +Mandeville, first Earl of Essex. Granted 1139. + +5. Barry of six arg. and gules. Bayouse. + +6. Az. an inescocheon in an orle of martlets or. Schatterset and +Walcott. + +I cannot find one with the inescocheon charged. + +In the following page, 479., J. D. S. asks the name of the bearer of a +coat in the great east window of the choir of Exeter cathedral, viz. +argent, a cross between four crescents gules. I beg to inform him that +arg. a cross _engrailed_ between four crescents gules belongs to +Bernham. Also, that arg. a cross _flory_ between four crescents gules, +belongs to the name of Tylly, or Tyllet, or Tillegh, of Dorsetshire. + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Book-plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., pp. 46. 93.).--An instance +of what may be considered as an early example of a book-plate, occurs +pasted upon the fly-leaf of a MS. in the College amongst Philpot's +_Collections_ (marked P. e. 15.), being an engraving of a blank shield, +with a helmet and lambrequin, and a compartment for the motto; the whole +surrounded by a border ornamented with flowers; altogether well +engraved. The shield contains six quarterings, very neatly sketched with +pen and ink; and the helmet is surmounted by a crest, also neatly +sketched. In the upper part of the border, occupying a space evidently +intended to be filled up, is the autograph of "Joseph Holand;" while a +similar space in the lower part contains the date of "1585" in the same +hand, in which also the motto "Fortitudo mea Deus," is written within +the compartment above mentioned. The following, which is a collateral +proof of the age of the book-plate, is likewise an autograph title to +the MS.: + + "In this booke are conteyned the armes of the nobylytye of Ireland + and of certeyne gentilmen of the same countrye. Joseph Holand, + 1585." + +This Joseph Holand was father of Philip Holand, who was Portcullis +_tempore_ James I., and Gibbon, Bluemantle, says he was a "collector of +rarities." + +By the kindness of an antiquarian friend I have three impressions of +different book-plates of the celebrated Pepys. I am not aware that they +are rare; but one is curious, as consisting merely of his initials "S. +P." in ornamented Roman capitals, elegantly and tastefully interlaced +with two anchors and cables, with his motto in a scroll above them. + + THOMAS WILLIAM KING, York Herald. + + College of Arms. + +_Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 251.).--I beg to +acknowledge the favor of MR. CROSSLEY'S communication (which, from an +accident, I have only just seen) respecting a sermon of Bishop Taylor's, +and to inform him that I have been intending to produce it in the +concluding volume (vol. i. of the series), which will contain several +small pieces. I have been aware of the existence of it from the first, +the volume in question being in the Bodleian Catalogue. + +May I take the opportunity of adding, how much I feel obliged by any +communication respecting Bishop Taylor's Works. + + C. PAGE EDEN. + +_Moonlight_ (Vol. iv., p. 273.).--The effects of the moonlight on animal +matter is well known to the inhabitants of warm climates. I remember +that when I resided in Bermuda, if the meat (which was usually hung out +at night) was exposed to the rays of the moon it putrified directly. I +was frequently cautioned by the inhabitants to beware of the moon +shining upon me when asleep, as it caused the most dangerous and +virulent fevers. Another curious power of the moonlight was that of +developing temporary blindness, caused by the glare of the sun on bright +objects. I have often seen persons stumbling and walking as quite blind, +in a moonlight so bright I could see to read by; these were principally +soldiers who had been employed during the day working on the fort and on +the white stone. On hearing the surgeon of the regiment mention that +two-thirds of the men were troubled with it, causing a greater amount of +night-work as sentries to the few who were able to see at night, I +suggested to him the following plan mentioned in a story I had read many +years before in _Blackwood_:-- + + "A pirate ship in those latitudes was several times nearly + captured, owing to all the men being moon-blind at night; the + captain ordered all his men to bind up one eye during the day, and + by this means they could see with that eye to navigate the ship at + night." + +My friend the surgeon tried the experiment, and found bandaging the eyes +at night, and giving them complete rest, restored in time their sight at +moonlight. + + M. E. C. T. + +That the light of the moon accelerates putrefaction is more than an +unfounded popular opinion. I have heard it repeatedly asserted by +observant and sober-minded naval officers as a fact, established by +experience in tropical climates. Their constant testimony was, that when +there is no moon the fresh meat is hung over the stern of the ship at +night for coolness; but if this is done when the moon shines, the meat +becomes unfit to eat. + +The Query will probably elicit an answer from some one able to speak +more directly upon the subject. It well deserves further inquiry. + + T. C. + + Durham, Oct. 15. + +_Flatman and Pope_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).--"The Thought on Death," +by Flatman, is referred to by Wharton, Bowles, and other editors of +Pope. Flatman's _Poems_ were first printed in 1674; 2ndly, 1676; 3rdly, +1682; and 4thly and lastly, 1686. The above occurs in the first edition. + +For an account of Flatman, see Walpole's _Anecdotes of Painters_, vol. +iii. p. 20., ed. 1765; Granger's _Biog. Hist._; and Wood's _Athenæ_. + +Some verses by him on his son, who died 1682, aged ten years, and +inscribed on his monument in St. Bride's Church, will be found in Stow +by Strype, vol. i. p. 740. ed. 1754. + +Flatman wrote a preface to Shipman's _Poems_, and verses to Sanderson's +_Graphice_, fol.; also to Walton in Chalkhill's _Thealma and Clearchus_, +and Johnson's (Wm.) _Narrative of Deliverance at Sea_, 18mo. 3d edit. +1672. + + π. + +_Berlin Time_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Is your correspondent very sure that +the astronomers of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain begin the day at +midnight? I turn to Herschel's _Outlines of Astronomy_ (p. 86.), and I +find that astronomers (without any limitation) commenced their day at +noon. Sir John Herschel is inclined to think that it would be better to +commence at midnight with the world at large. Surely if the foreign +astronomers _already did this_, he would not have failed to cite their +example, and to remind the English astronomers that they stood alone; +but of this he does not give the smallest hint. + + A LEARNER. + +Your correspondent DX. is mistaken in supposing that "foreigners +ordinarily commence the astronomical day at midnight." + +With respect to France, in the _Explication et Usage des Articles de la +Connaissance des Temps_ it is expressly stated: "Le jour astronomique +_commence à midi_." + +And in the explanation appended to the _Berlin Jahrbuch_, it is in like +manner distinctly laid down: + + "The time which must be always understood, unless it is otherwise + particularly expressed, is the mean time of the meridian of the + New Berlin Observatory, which is taken to be 44m 14·0s eastward of + Paris, and 53m 35·5s eastward of Greenwich. _The beginning of the + day is at noon._" + +The _civil_ day always commences at the midnight preceding this +_astronomical_ day. + +It follows that Sept. 17, 3h 40m 30s Greenwich mean time, is simply +Sept. 17, 4h 34m 5·5s Berlin mean time. + + T. C. + + Durham. + +_Ruined Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 261.).--The old church of St. John +in the Wilderness, near Exmouth, can hardly be said to be _in +ruins_, in the sense before implied with regard to marriages, &c. +It is _dilapidated_, and almost deserted; but on visiting it a few +days since, I found it securely locked, the nave weather tight, +and sufficiently furnished for baptisms, marriages, and burials, +with surplice, two Prayer Books, Bible, table, font, bier, and +bell. They had certainly all seen their best days; but on that +account perhaps they are supposed to be more in keeping with the +general state of the venerable fabric. + +It is, in fact, the mother church of others in the vicinity, which are +only chapels of ease; but as the population increased around them, and +fell away, from some cause or other, from the precincts of the old +church, it seems to have been deserted and dismantled of everything but +what is barely necessary for burials, and an occasional wedding and +baptism. It is the south aisle only which has been removed, and that by +authority, many years ago; but certainly, it has on that side, and from +the want of glass in the fine tower window, a desolate and ruinous +appearance. In the churchyard there is a most venerable specimen of a +noble yew-tree. + + H. T. E. + + Clyst St. George, Oct. 10. 1851. + +_Italian Writer on Political Economy--Death of Carli_ (Vol. iv., p. +175.).--It is inquired, "What was the first work by an Italian writer on +any element of political economy? and in what year did Carli, the +celebrated economist, die?" The latter question I at once answer by +stating that it was on the 22d of February, 1795, in his seventy-fifth +year, having been born at Cape d'Istria, an episcopal town of Illyria, +April, 1720, of a noble family. His collected works, embracing almost +the _omne scibile_, were published in 1784-1794, nineteen octavo +volumes, at Milan, _Delle Opere del Signor Gianrinaldo Conte Carli, +Presidente Emerito del Supremo Conciglio di Pubblica Economia, &c._ The +first publication, confined to fifteen volumes, was extended to nineteen +by him, _Delle Antichità Italiche, con Appendice, de' Documenti, &c._, +1793-1795. Few writers have exceeded him in the variety of his subjects, +which combined the drama, poetry, translations, history, philosophy, the +monetary system, political economy, &c. As to your correspondent ALPHA'S +first inquiry, it will be satisfactorily answered by consulting the +collection printed at Milan in 1803, _Scrittori Classici Italiani_, +first volume of the fifty in 8vo., to which the entire extend up to that +period, since when several have appeared. + + J. R. + + Cork. + +_Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iv., p. 316.).--The four +lines inscribed in the copy of Sallust mentioned by C., and which have +been _supposed_ to be the composition of the Queen of Scots, will be +found in the second book of Ovid's _Amores_, Elegia 18, ll. 5-8. + + C. W. G. + +_Surplices_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--In reference to the origin, use, &c. +of this and other ecclesiastical vestments, let J. Y. consult the +following authorities:--Bona, _Rerum Liturgicarum_, lib. i. cap. 24.; +Gerberti _Vetus Liturgia Alemannica_, tom. i. disquisit. iii. cap 3.; +Goar, _Rituale Græcum_; Du Cange's _Glossary_; and, _Ferrarius de Re +Vestiaria_. The information on the subject, hence to be obtained, is +briefly epitomised in the appendix to Palmer's _Antiq. of the English +Liturgy_. Let J. Y. also look at Hawkins' _Hist. Music_, vol. ii. p. +432.; vol. iii. p. 71.; likewise at Bishop Challoner's _Garden of the +Soul_, pp. x. 123. (edit. 1824); and, if he have a full abundance of +leisure, with sufficient resolution to abandon it to an undertaking so +pregnant with instructiveness, let him too, by all means, "explore with +curious search" the controversial writings of the early periods of +Puritanism, on the sadly vexed question of the habits of the clergy, to +which he will find abundant reference in all our Anglican church +histories. + + COWGILL. + +_Continental Watchmen and their Songs_ (Vol. iv., p. 206.).-- + + THE MANNER OF WATCHMEN INTIMATING THE + TIME AT HERRNHUTH, GERMANY. + + Past eight o'clock! O Herrnhuth, do thou ponder: + Eight souls in Noah's ark were living yonder. + 'Tis nine o'clock: ye brethren, hear it striking; + Keep hearts and houses clean, to our Saviour's liking. + Now brethren, hear, the clock is ten and passing: + None rest but such as wait for Christ embracing. + Eleven is past! still at this hour of eleven, + The Lord is calling us from earth to heaven. + Ye, brethren, hear, the midnight clock is humming: + At midnight our great Bridegroom will be coming. + Past one o'clock! the day breaks out of darkness; + Great morning star appear, and break our hardness! + 'Tis two! on Jesus wait this silent season, + Ye two so near related, Will and Reason. + The clock is three! the blessed Three doth merit + The best of praise, from body, soul, and spirit. + 'Tis four o'clock, when three make supplication + The Lord will be the fourth on that occasion. + Five is the clock! five virgins were discarded, + When five with wedding garments were rewarded. + The clock is six, and I go off my station; + Now, brethren, _watch yourselves for your salvation_. + + F. B. RELTON. + +_Horology_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--H. C. K. inquires for the best +_scientific_ work on horology. In my searches after the history of time +keeping in all ages, I found none more useful than a little tract, the +production of a watchmaker, and to be had at 81. Fleet Street. The +_Mirror_ of 1824 contains some interesting notes on this subject. + + C. R. + + Paternoster Row. + +_The Aneroid Barometer_ (Vol. iv., p. 295.).--The intended signification +of this name, "aneroid," can of course be only determined by the person +who conferred it; upon any less direct authority the derivation quoted +from Mr. Dent's description can scarcely be received. The meaning of +νηρὸς is _moist_, rather than _fluid_; but even admitting the +latter signification, then the last syllable ought surely to be +referred, not to εἰδος, but to its root εἰδω (scio); _perceivable +without fluid_ being a much better characteristic than _a form +without fluid_. + +But taking into consideration the peculiar construction of this sort of +barometer, its flexible diaphragm supported from within against the +pressure of the atmosphere, may not its name have been derived from +ἀνὰ (adversus), ἀὴρ (aer), and οἶδος (tumor)? + + A. E. B. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The Chronological New Testament, in which the Text of the Authorised +Version is newly divided into Paragraphs and Sections, with the Dates +and Places of Transactions marked, the Marginal Renderings of the +Translators, many Parallel Illustrative Passages printed at length, +brief Introductions to each Book, and a Running Analysis of the +Epistles_, is another and most praiseworthy attempt "to make our +invaluable English version more intelligible to devout students of the +Word of God," by the various helps in arrangement and printing set forth +in the ample title-page which we have just transcribed. All such +endeavors to increase that "knowledge which maketh wise unto salvation" +carry within themselves the elements of success; and we shall be the +more glad to find that the present work meets with the patronage it +deserves, as we may then look for the Old Testament on the same plan. + +Those of our readers who remember the parallel which Bishop Ken drew +between himself and + + Bless'd Gregory, whose patriarchal height + Shed on the Eastern sphere celestial light, + +and who may desire to read the life of him whom that great ornament of +our Church chose for his model, will thank us for drawing their +attention to _Gregory of Nazianzum--a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical +History of the Fourth Century_, by Professor Ullman of Heidelberg, which +has just been translated by Mr. G. V. Cox. The translator has for the +present confined himself to that part of Dr. Ullman's volume which +relates to the life of Gregory, and is therefore more attractive to the +general reader; the dogmatic part, or the statements and examination of +Gregory's theological opinions, being for the present withheld. In this +we think Mr. Cox has done wisely, since we have no doubt that the +present volume will be read with great interest by many who will gladly +dwell upon the life and practice of this distinguished Father of the +Church, but who would be turned aside from its perusal, from their +unwillingness or inability to enter upon any such investigation as is +implied in the critical examination of Gregory's theological opinions. + +We have again to thank Dr. Latham for an important contribution towards +a proper knowledge of our own tongue; and it would be difficult to point +out a more successful combination of ethnological and philological +knowledge than is exhibited in his newly-published _Hand-book of the +English Language, for the Use of Students of the Universities and Higher +Classes of Schools_. We cannot of course enter into any analysis of a +work which is as replete with interest and amusement as it is with +instruction; but we may point out as peculiarly deserving of attention +the first part, which treats of the Germanic origin of the English +language; and the second, which treats of its history and analysis. We +are glad to see Dr. Latham's view of the Frisian share in the invasion +of this country. + +The commendations so universally bestowed upon Mr. Grant for the +research, accuracy, and picturesque interest displayed in his _Memorials +of the Castle of Edinburgh_, and his _Memoirs of Sir W. Kirkaldy of +Grange_, may be extended to him for his _Memoirs and Adventures of Sir +John Hepburn, Knight, Governor of Munich, Marshal of France under Louis +XIII., and Commander of the Scots Brigade under Gustavus Adolphus_. He +has on this, as on former occasions, the advantage of a new and +interesting subject; and by grouping round his hero--whose conduct and +bravery won for him the reputation of being esteemed the best of that +warlike age, next to Gustavus himself--all the great leaders in that +struggle for the liberties of Germany, the Thirty Years' War--he has +produced a volume which will be read with great interest, not only for +the picture it exhibits of the distinguished soldier of fortune who +forms its immediate subject, but also for its record of the services of +the Scottish troops who served in the German wars under Gustavus +Adolphus. + +_A Little Earnest Book upon a Great Old Subject_, in which Mr. Wilson +endeavors to pourtray the thoughts and feelings of the poet, will be +read with pleasure by all who agree with him that poetry rightly +understood is associated with everything that is eternal and just, true +and elevating, tender and loving. It is a little book of quaint and +pleasant thoughts, quaintly got up, and beautifully illustrated. + +Mr. Mitchell, of Bond Street, announces a beautifully illustrated work +on _The Parables of our Saviour_, to be engraved in the line manner by +the best artists from the designs of Franklin. + +The Sales of Books, &c., those heralds of the coming winter, are +beginning. Messrs. Puttick and Simpson commence this day a six days' +sale of valuable books removed from the country, including many curious +and rare works. On Monday Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will commence +their season by selling a portion of the valuable library of a gentleman +deceased, which will occupy them for four days; and on Monday and the +fifteen following days Messrs. Foster and Son will be engaged in the +disposal of that matchless series of examples of Mediæval Architecture, +and of other objects of decorative art, remarkable alike for their +beauty, rarity, and historical value, so long known as the _Cottingham +Museum_. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 30. +of Books Old and New; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List of +Miscellaneous English Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. (10_s._ 6_d._ will be paid for +a copy in good condition.) + +CARPENTER'S DEPUTY DIVINITY; a Discourse of Conscience. 12mo. 1657. + +A TRUE AND LIVELY REPRESENTATION OF POPERY, SHEWING THAT POPERY IS ONLY +NEW MODELLED PAGANISM, &c., 1679. 4to. + +ROBERT WILSON'S SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in +1825. + +JAMES WILSON'S ANNALS OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in 1850. + +BARRINGTON'S SKETCHES OF HIS OWN TIME. Vol. III. London, 1830. + +BRITISH POETS (CHALMERS', Vol. X.) London, 1810. + +CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS SON. Vol. III. London, 1774. + +CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY. Vol. LXXV. + +D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III. London, 1842. + +ERSKINE'S SPEECHES. Vol. II. London, 1810. + +HARE'S MISSION OF THE COMFORTER. Vol. I. London, 1846. + +HOPE'S ESSAY ON ARCHITECTURE. Vol. I. London, 1835. 2nd Edition. + +MULLER'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. II. (Library of Useful Knowledge, Vol. +XVII.) + +ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL) MEMOIRS. Vol. II. London, 1840. + +SCOTT'S (SIR W.) LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Vol. I. Edinburgh, 1837. 9 Vol. +Edition. + +SCOTT'S NOVELS. Vol. XXXVI. (Redgauntlet, II.); Vols. XLIV. XLV. (Ann of +Grerstein, I. & II.) 48 Vol. Edition. + +SMOLLETT'S WORKS. Vols. II. & IV. Edinburgh, 1800. 2nd Edition. + +SOUTHEY'S POETICAL WORKS. Vol. III. London, 1837. + +CRABBE'S WORKS. Vol. V. London, 1831. + +Four letters on several subjects to persons of quality, the fourth being +an answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's book, entitled POPERY, &c., by +Peter Walsh. 1686. 8vo. + +A CONFUTATION OF THE CHIEF DOCTRINES OF POPERY. A Sermon preached before +the King, 1678, by William Lloyd, D.D. 1679. 4to. + +A SERMON PREACHED AT ST. MARGARET'S, WESTMINSTER, BEFORE THE HOUSE OF +COMMONS, MAY 29, 1685, by W. Sherlock, D.D. 4to. London, 1685. + +POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735. + +ALMANACS, any for the year 1752. + +MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815. + +SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition, +1785. Vol. V. + +SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III. + +SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. V. VI. 8vo. + +JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or +more copies.) + +THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II. + +HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial +Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside, +Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in +continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th +Volume.) + +[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage +free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. +Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_Although we have this week again enlarged our Paper to 24 pages, we +have to apologise for the omission of many interesting articles._ DR. +LOTSKY'S "Panslavic Literature and the British Museum," _and the +communication of a Subscriber to the Anglo-Catholic Library on Bishop +Overall's_ Convocation Book, _shall appear next week. Where may we send +the latter a proof?_ + +C. (Jamaica) _will find the history of the line from Philip Gualtier's_ +"Alexandreis,"-- + + "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," + +_in our_ 2nd Vol. pp. 85. 136. 141. + +A LIVERPOOL CORRESPONDENT. _Yes, as many as he takes the box for. Neat +wines means pure wines._ + +W. F.'s _very valuable suggestion shall not be lost sight of._ + +ÆGROTUS. _The Moonlight reply was in type for last Number, but omitted +from want of room. The parallel was a very fair one; but those to whom +it was not obvious might have misconstrued the allusion._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Grimsdyke--Pasquinade--Charles II. and Written +Sermons--Welwood Memoirs--Sheridan's MS. Drama--Execution at +Durham--Caxton Memorial--The Rev. Mr. Gay--Duke of Monmouth's Pocket +Book--Serpent with Human Head--Childe Harold--Peter Wilkins, +&c.--Meaning of Dray--Pauper's Badge--Burke's Mighty Boar of the +Forest--Godfrey Higgins' Works, &c.--Poetic Imitations--Cognation of the +Jews and Lacedæmonians--Bourchier Family--Curious Monumental +Inscription--A little Bird told me--Colonies in England--Pharetram de +Tutesbit--Coleridge's Christabel--Cagots--Touching for the Evil--Three +Estates of the Realm--Wat the Hare--Flemish account--Mary Queen of +Scots--Termination "-aster"--Medical Use of Pigeons--Bess of Hardwicke._ + +_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestions of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price_ 9_s._ 6_d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + +_Errata._--In the article "_Panslavic_ Sketches," l. 2. for "late_nt_" +read "late_st_;" l. 6. for "T_i_ssalonichi" read "T_e_ssalonichi;" and +l. 9. for "historical" read "_ante-historical_." Page 313. col. 2. l. +46. for "repent_i_" read "repent_e_." + + + + +MISS STRICKLAND'S NEW SERIES OF ROYAL BIOGRAPHIES. + + LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, and English Princesses connected + with the Regal Succession of Great Britain. + + Two Volumes are published, containing the Lives of Margaret Tudor, + Magdaline of France, Mary of Lorraine, and Margaret Countess of + Lennox. + + Vol. III. will contain the first part of the Life of Mary Queen of + Scots. + + To be completed in 6 vols., price 10_s._ 6_d._ each, with + Portraits and Historical Vignettes. + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +CRABB'S TECHNICAL DICTIONARY. + + This day is published, in 1 vol. foolscap 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._ + extra cloth, with numerous woodcut illustrations, + + A TECHNICAL DICTIONARY; or, a Dictionary explaining all terms of + Art and Science. By GEORGE CRABB, Esq., M.A., Author of the + "Universal Technological Dictionary," "Dictionary of Synonymes," + &c. + + London: W. MAXWELL, 32. Bell Yard, Lincoln's Inn. + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND + + ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + + Founded A.D. 1812. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. 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By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., + Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament + Street, London. + + +Musical Education. + + A CATALOGUE OF STANDARD WORKS, which are approved by the most + eminent Teachers of Music, has just been published by Her + Majesty's music publishers, ROBERT COCKS & CO. These selected + works are remarkable for the interest they afford to the pupils, + whose love and attention are at once engaged, and their rapid + progress ensured. All who are engaged in the tuition of the young + will save themselves much time and trouble by obtaining this list, + which may be had gratis and postage free. + + London: ROBERT COCKS & CO. New Burlington Street. + + +PARABLES OF OUR LORD. + + On the 1st December, 1851, will be published, in imperial 4to., + handsomely bound, price Two Guineas, + + PARABLES OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR, + + JESUS CHRIST, illustrated, in Twelve Designs, by JOHN FRANKLIN, + and engraved in Line by P. Lightfoot, W. H. Watt, A. 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St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + + September, 1851. J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + +EVERY READER OF NOTES AND QUERIES should possess a Copy of TODD'S INDEX +RERUM, decidedly the best Common-place Book extant, for recording Facts +and Data. It is far easier, simpler, and more useful than LOCKE'S, and +has been highly recommended by the most eminent scholars and literary +men. A recent Edition, Revised, in royal 8vo., strongly half-bound, +price 5_s._ 6_d._, has been published by RICHARD JAMES KENNETT, 14. York +Street, Covent Garden; and can be had of all Booksellers, by order. + + [Star symbol] Sent free to any part of the Kingdom for 6_s._, by + addressing a Post Office order or stamps as above. + + +MESSRS. PUTTICK and SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES +of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st. In addressing +Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of Libraries, and +collections (however limited or extensive) of Manuscripts, Autographs, +Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments, Objects of Art and Virtu, +and Works connected with Literature, and the Arts generally, they would +suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and surest method of obtaining +their full value; and conceive that the central situation of their +premises, 191. Piccadilly (near St. James's Church), their extensive +connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their prompt +settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will not be +unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of Books +or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales with +property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages to +the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection. + + [Star symbol] Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the + Probate or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale. + + Valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, Esq., including a + well-known and very important Picture by Murillo. + + PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will sell + by Auction at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, + November 12, the valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, + Esq., of the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very + important MSS. relating to Mint affairs, Royal and other + Autographs (47 of Sir Isaac Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic + Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard in 1758, a most + important series of Weights, including the original and unique + Troy Pound, the collection of Coins, Medals in gold, silver, and + bronze, in the finest condition, many being patterns and + proofs.--Catalogues will be sent on application: if in the + country, on receipt of four stamps. + + +ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with + Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public + Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for + Memoranda: A list of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the + Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses; + Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars + respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with + Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars + of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities, + &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of + Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions + to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful + to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s._, or 5_s._ as a pocket-book + with tuck. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will + contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an + Almanack for Family Use, a List of the Universities of the United + Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the + various Colleges connected with the Church of England, Roman + Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete + List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of + the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is + added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of + Council on Education, and the various Training Institutions for + Teachers; compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six + pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; + Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat + wrapper. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO. TEA MERCHANTS, + + No. 8. King William Street, City, London. + + +In 2 vols. imperial 8vo., price 4_l._ 10_s._ Illustrated by upwards of +2000 Engravings on Wood. + + THE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY, English, Technological, and Scientific; + adapted to the present State of Literature, Science, and Art, on + the Basis of "Webster's English Dictionary;" with the Addition of + many Thousand Words and Phrases from the other Standard + Dictionaries and Encyclopædias, and from numerous other sources; + comprising all Words purely English, and the principal and most + generally used Technical and Scientific Terms, together with their + Etymologies, and their Pronunciation, according to the best + authorities. + + CHARACTER OF THE WORK. + + This work is admitted to be superior to any Dictionary hitherto + offered to the public. See opinions in Prospectus from Rev. James + Robertson, D.D., Professor of Divinity and Ecclesiastical History, + University of Edinburgh; Rev. Philip Killand, M.A., Professor of + Mathematics, University of Edinburgh; Rev. John Fleming, D.D., + Professor of Natural Science, New College, Edinburgh; Rev. Thomas + Luby, Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; James Thomson, + LL.D., Professor of Mathematics, University of Glasgow. + + BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London. + + +Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9_s._; Morocco elegant, 11_s._ + + BOOK OF SCOTTISH SONG; a Collection of the Best and most approved + Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern; with Critical and + Historical Notices regarding them and their Authors, and an Essay + on Scottish Song. With engraved Frontispiece and Title. + + "The neatest and most comprehensive collection of Scottish + minstrelsy, ancient and modern."--_Edinburgh Advertiser._ + + +Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9_s._; Morocco elegant, 11_s._ + + BOOK OF SCOTTISH BALLADS; a Comprehensive Collection of the + Ballads of Scotland, with numerous Illustrative Notes, by the + Editor of "The Book of Scottish Song." With engraved Frontispiece + and Title. + + "A rich and valuable collection--accompanied by critical and + bibliographical illustrations which add largely to the interest of + the volume."--_John Bull._ + + BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London. + + +BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + VASARI'S LIVES of the PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, and ARCHITECTS, + translated by MRS. FOSTER. Vol. 4. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + Of this work the Westminster and Foreign Quarterly says, "The + enthralling Biographies of Vasari--biographies which from their + peculiar diversity and fascination have caused the late + unfortunate Haydon to exclaim with enthusiasm, 'If I were confined + to three books, in a desert island, I would certainly choose the + Bible, Shakespeare, and Vasari.'" + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + LUCRETIUS, literally translated into English Prose, with Notes, by + the Rev. J. S. WATSON; to which is adjoined the Metrical Version + of JOHN MASON GOOD. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + DR. MANTELL'S PETRIFACTIONS and their TEACHINGS; an illustrated + Hand-book to the Fossils in the BRITISH MUSEUM, numerous beautiful + Wood Engravings. Post 8vo. 6_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + REDDING'S HISTORY and DESCRIPTION of WINES. New and revised + Edition, with 20 beautiful Woodcuts, and Frontispiece engraved on + steel. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +Cloth, One Shilling, pp. 160. + + WELSH SKETCHES, chiefly ECCLESIASTICAL, to the Close of the + Twelfth Century. By the Author of "Proposals for Christian Union, + &c." + + CONTENTS:--1. Bardism. 2. The Kings of Wales. 3. The Welsh Church. + 4. Monastic Institutions. 5. Giraldus Cambrensis. + + JAMES DARLING, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + +NEW WORKS, + + PUBLISHED BY + + TAYLOR, WALTON, AND MABERLY. + + BUFF'S LETTERS ON THE PHYSICS OF THE EARTH, By Dr. A. W. HOFMANN. + Foolscap 8vo, 5_s._ cloth. + + LARDNER ON THE STEAM ENGINE, STEAM NAVIGATION, ROADS AND RAILWAYS. + New and Cheap Edition. Large 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + LATHAM'S HANDBOOK OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ + cloth. + + LARDNER'S HANDBOOK OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY. First + Course. Large 12mo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + LIEBIG'S FAMILIAR LETTERS ON CHEMISTRY. New and Cheap Edition. + With additional Letters. One Volume. fcap. 8vo. 6_s._ cloth. + + DE MORGAN'S BOOK OF ALMANACKS: with Index, by which the Almanack + belonging to any year preceding A.D. 2000 can be found; with means + of finding New and Full Moons from B.C. 2000 to A.D. 2000. Oblong + 8vo. 5_s._ cloth. + + DR. GREGORY'S LETTERS TO A CANDID ENQUIRER ON ANIMAL MAGNETISM. + 12mo. 9_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES OF WORKS in SCIENCE AND GENERAL LITERATURE, + and of SCHOOL and COLLEGE BOOKS, published by TAYLOR, WALTON, and + MABERLY. 4to. By post (free) to anyone writing for them. + + London: 28. Upper Gower Street, and 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. + + +The late MR. COTTINGHAM'S Museum of Mediæval Art. + + MESSRS. FOSTER & SON are directed by the Executors of the Late L. + N. Cottingham, Esq., F.S.A., to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, + 43. Waterloo-bridge Road, on MONDAY, November 3, and about 15 + following days (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the COTTINGHAM + MUSEUM; comprising a most ample and varied Series of Examples of + Mediæval Architecture, of the Anglo-Norman, early English, + decorated, perpendicular, and Elizabethan periods; also + Fac-similes of some of the finest Monuments of the 13th, 14th, and + 15th Centuries. In Furniture, Metal Work, Stained Glass, and + various other Departments of Decorative Art, this Collection is + rich in objects remarkable for their Beauty, Rarity, and Historic + Value. + + Illustrated Catalogues, at 1_s._ each, may be had of MESSRS. + FOSTER, 54. Pall Mall, 14 days before the Sale. The view will be + on and after the 27th of October. + + +On 1st November, price 2_s._ + + NO. LXXI. OF THE ECCLESIASTIC. + + Contents: + + 1. ELEMENTARY THEOLOGY--WESTCOTT AND CHRETIEN. + 2. BIRK'S LIFE OF BICKERSTETH. + 3. ERASTIANISM. + 4. ANTICHRIST, AND THE BABYLON OF THE APOCALYPSE. + 5. SYNODICAL ACTION. + + Reviews and Notices. + + London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street and New Bond Street. + + +This day, No. 13., Imperial 4to. price 2_s._ 6_d._, (continued monthly), + + DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, + + Measured and drawn from existing examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect. + + Contents: + + E.E. Exterior of Clerestory, West Walton Church, Norfolk, + " South Porch ditto ditto. + " Plan and Details ditto ditto. + DEC. Window from St. Stephen's Church, near Canterbury. + " Parclose Screen, Geddington Church, Northamptonshire. + PER. Lectern from Hawstead Church, Suffolk. + + London: DAVID BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 1. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +105, November 1, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39076-0.txt or 39076-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/0/7/39076/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/39076-0.zip b/39076-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb9e63d --- /dev/null +++ b/39076-0.zip diff --git a/39076-8.txt b/39076-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f33b6ba --- /dev/null +++ b/39076-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3677 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, +November 1, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, November 1, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: March 7, 2012 [EBook #39076] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ +fonts. Tentative expansions of Latin scribal abbreviations include +dimi[d=] for dimidio, ann' for anno, Ds for Dominus, Di for +Domini, Do for Domino, [p=] for pro, [=p] for pre, and [q=] for +que. The spelling of nomesthai, as taken over from Stolbergius, +seems to be a typographical error for nemesthai.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +Vol. IV.--No. 105. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + The Claims of Literature 337 + + NOTES:-- + + Daniel Defoe and the "Mercator," by James Crossley 388 + + Punishment of Edward Prince of Wales, by King + Edward I., for Disrespect to a Judge, by William + Sidney Gibson 338 + + Notes on the Word: "[Greek: Adelphos]," by + T. R. Brown 339 + + Lambert, the "Arch-Rebell," by + Richard John King 339 + + The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 340 + + Minor Notes:--A Hint to Catalogue Makers--Virgil + and Goldsmith--Mental Almanac--Merlin and the + Electric Telegraph 340 + + QUERIES:-- + + Bishop Bramhall and Milton 341 + + The Sempills of Beltrus: Robert Sempill 343 + + Descendants of John of Gaunt 343 + + Minor Queries:--Rocky Chasm near Gata: Earthquake + at the Crucifixion--Cavalcade--A Sept of + Hibernians--Yankee Doodle--Seventeenth of November: + Custom--Chatter-box--Printing in 1449, and + Shakspeare--Texts before Sermons--Paradyse, Hell, + Purgatory--Dead Letter--Dominus Bathurst, &c.--Grammar + Schools--Fermilodum--Lord Hungerford--Consecration + of Bishops in Sweden 343 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Effigy of a Pilgrim--"Modern + Universal History"--Origin of Evil--Nolo + Episcopari--Authors of the Homilies--Family of Hotham + of Yorkshire--Vogelweide--Meaning of Skeatta 345 + + REPLIES:-- + + Marriage of Ecclesiastics, by Henry Walter, &c. 346 + + Lord Strafford and Archbishop Ussher 349 + + Sculptured Stones in the North of Scotland 350 + + Anagrams 350 + + The Locusts of the New Testament 351 + + The Soul's Errand, by Dr. Edward F. Rimbault 353 + + The Two Drs. Abercrombie 353 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Dacre Monument at + Hurstmonceux--Book-plates--Sermon of Bishop Jeremy + Taylor--Moonlight--Flatman and Pope--Berlin Time--Ruined + Churches--Italian Writer on Political Economy--Death + of Carli, &c. 354 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 357 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 357 + + Notices to Correspondents 358 + + Advertisements 359 + + + + +THE CLAIMS OF LITERATURE. + +This day two years, on presenting to the public, and to the Literary Men +of England the first number of NOTES AND QUERIES, as "a medium by which +much valuable information might become a sort of common property among +those who can appreciate and use it," we ventured to say, "We do not +anticipate any holding back by those whose 'Notes' are most worth +having, or any want of 'Queries' from those best able to answer them. +Whatever may be the case in other things, it is certain that those who +are best informed are generally the most ready to communicate knowledge +and to confess ignorance, to feel the value of such a work as we are +attempting, and to understand that, if it is to be well done, they might +help to do it. Some cheap and frequent means for the interchange of +thought is certainly wanted by those who are engaged in Literature, Art, +and Science; and we only hope to persuade the best men in all, that we +offer them the best medium of communication with each other." + +How fully these anticipations have been realised, how all the "best men" +_have_ come forward, we acknowledge with feelings of gratitude and +pride. May we now hope that, in thus forming one fresh bond of union +among the lovers and professors of Literature in this country, we have +contributed towards a recognition of Literature as an honorable +profession, and hastened the time when the claims of Literature, +Science, and Art to some of those honorary distinctions hitherto +exclusively conferred upon the Naval, Military, or Civil Servants of the +Crown, will be admitted and acted upon. For as we hold with Chaucer: + + "That he is gentil who doth gentil dedes;" + +so we would have those men especially honoured, whose "gentil dedes" in +Literature, Science, and Art tend to elevate the minds, and thereby +promote the happiness of their fellow-men. + +That gallant gentleman, Captain Sword, whose good services we readily +acknowledge, has hitherto monopolized all the honours which the +sovereign has thought proper to distribute. We would fain see good +Master Pen now take his fair share of them;[1] and the present moment, +when Peace has just celebrated her Jubilee in the presence of admiring +millions, is surely the fittest moment that could be selected for the +establishment of some Order (call it of Victoria, or Civil Merit, or +what you will) to honour those followers of the Arts of Peace to whose +genius, learning, and skill the great event of the year 1851 owes its +brilliant conception, its happy execution, its triumphant success. + + [Footnote 1: We are glad to find that the views we have here + advocated, have the support of the leading journal of Europe. Vide + _The Times_ of Wednesday last.] + +The reign of the Illustrious Lady who now fills with so much dignity the +Throne of these Realms, has happily been pre-eminently distinguished +(and long may it be so!) by all unexampled progress made in all the Arts +of Peace. Her Majesty has been pre-eminently a Patron of all such Arts. +How graceful then, on the part of Her Majesty, would be the immediate +institution of an Order of Civil Merit! How gratifying to those +accomplished and worthy men on whom Her Majesty might be pleased to +confer it! + + + + +Notes. + + +DANIEL DEFOE AND THE "MERCATOR." + +Wilson, in his _Life of Defoe_, vol. iii. p. 334., gives an account from +Tindal, Oldmixon, Boyer, and Chalmers, of the _Mercator_ and its +antagonist, the _British Merchant_. He commences by observing that Defoe +"had but little to do with this work" (the _Mercator_), and quotes +Chalmers, who seems totally to mistake the passage in Defoe's _Appeal to +Honour and Justice_, pp. 47-50., in which the _Mercator_ is mentioned, +and to consider it as a denial on his part of having had any share in +the work. Defoe's words are-- + + "What part I had in the _Mercator_ is well known, and would men + answer with argument and not with personal abuse, I would at any + time defend any part of the _Mercator_ which was of my writing. + But to say the _Mercator_ is mine is false. I never was the author + of it, nor had the property, printing, or profit of it. I had + never any payment or reward for writing any part of it, nor had I + the power of putting what I would into it, yet the whole clamour + fell upon me." + +Defoe evidently means only to deny that he was the originator and +proprietor of the _Mercator_, not that he was not the principal writer +in it. The _Mercator_ was a government paper set on foot by Harley to +support the proposed measure of the Treaty of Commerce with France; and +the _Review_, which Defoe had so long and so ably conducted, being +brought to a close in the beginning of May, 1713, he was retained to +follow up the opinions he had maintained in the _Review_ as to the +treaty in this new periodical. He had not the control of the work +undoubtedly, otherwise, cautiously abstaining as he does himself from +all personal attacks upon his opponents, the remarks on Henry Martin +would not have appeared, which led to a severe and very unjust +retaliation in the _British Merchant_, in which Defoe's misfortunes are +unfeelingly introduced. There cannot, however, be the slightest doubt to +any one at all acquainted with Defoe's style, or who compares the +_Mercator_ with the commercial articles in the Review, that the whole of +the _Mercator_, except such portion as appears in the shape of letters, +and which constitutes only a small part of the work, was written by +Defoe. The principal of these letters were probably written by William +Brown. + +The excessive rarity of the _Mercator_, which Wilson could never obtain, +and of which probably very few copies exist, has rendered it the least +known of Defoe's publications. Even Mr. M'Culloch, from the mode in +which he speaks of it (_Literature of Political Economy_, p. 142.), +would appear not to have seen it. And therefore, whilst the _British +Merchant_, "the shallow sophisms and misstatements" of which we now +treat with contempt, is one of the most common of commercial books, +having gone through at least three editions, besides the original folio, +the _Mercator_, replete as it is with the vigour, the life and +animation, the various and felicitous power of illustration, which this +great and truly English author could impart to any subject, still exists +only in probably four or five copies of the original folio numbers. How +many of the advocates for free trade are acquainted with a production in +which one of the most gifted minds that the country ever produced, +exerts his delightful powers and most effectual "unadorned eloquence" in +the support of their favourite doctrine? + +I do not see any copy of the _Mercator_ noticed in the printed catalogue +of the British Museum. I owe my own to the kindness of MR. BOLTON +CORNEY, who allowed me to possess it, having purchased it, I believe, at +Mr. Heber's sale. + + JAS. CROSSLEY. + + +PUNISHMENT OF EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES, BY KING EDWARD I., FOR DISRESPECT +TO A JUDGE. + +MR. FOSS has lately shown, in his valuable lives of _The Judges of +England_, that historical accuracy has been sacrificed in representing +Henry V., on his accession, to have re-invested Sir William Gascoigne +with "the balance and the sword." Lord Campbell, warned that +chroniclers, historians, moralists, and poets had, without historical +warrant, taken for true the story which Shakspeare has made so familiar +to us, has, in his _Lives of the Chief Justices_, examined the evidence +for attributing to the young king the act of magnanimity, and has +affirmed (vol. i. p. 131.) not only that Sir William committed the +prince, but that he actually filled the office of Chief Justice under +him when he became Henry V. The noble and learned lord has been at some +pains to authenticate the story of the commital of the prince, and has +shown that there is no sufficient reason for disbelieving that the +dauntless judge did make "princely power submit" to justice; and he has +brought forward also the probable sources of Shakspeare's information. +But these are silent as to the reinstatement of the illustrious judge; +and MR. FOSS has established that the young king lost no time in +dispensing with the "well-practised wise directions" of Sir William +Gascoigne. One is really sorry to be obliged to relinquish belief in the +historical foundation of the scene to which Shakspeare has given such +fine dramatic effect in his noble lines. My object, however, in now +writing is to point out a circumstance in some respects parallel, which +occurred in the reign of Edward I. In looking thorough the _Abbreviatio +Placitorum_ to-day, I find the record of a judgment in Michaelmas Term, +33 Edw. I. (1305), in which a curious illustration is given of the +character of that sovereign; for it appears that Edward Prince of Wales +having spoken words insulting to one of the king's ministers (when and +to whom I wish I could ascertain), the monarch himself firmly vindicated +the respect due to the royal dignity in the person of its servants, by +banishing the prince from his house and presence for a considerable +time. This anecdote occurs in the record of a complaint made to the king +in council, by Roger de Hecham (in Madox the name occurs as Hegham or +Heigham), a Baron of the Exchequer, of gross and upbraiding language +having been contemptuously addressed to him by William de Brewes, +because of his judgment in favour of the delinquent's adversary. The +record recites that such contempt and disrespect towards as well the +king's ministers as himself or his courts are very odious to the king, +and proceeds---- but I will give the original: + + "Que quidem (videlicet) contemptus et inobediencia tam ministris + ipsius Domini Regi quam sibi ipsi aut cur' su facta ipsi Regi + valde sunt odiosa, et hoc expresse nuper apparuit idem Ds Rex + filium suum primogenitum et carissimum Edwardum Principem Walli + [p=] eo quod quedam verba grossa et acerba cuidam ministro suo + dixerat ab hospicio suo fere [p=] dimi[d=] ann' amovit, nec ipsum + filium suum in conspectu suo venire [p=]misit quous[q=] dicto + ministro de [=p]dicta transgress' satisfecerat. Et quia sicut + honor et reverencia qui ministris ipsius Di Regi ratione officii + sui fiunt ipsi Regi attribuuntur sic dedecus et contemptus + ministris suis facta eidem Do Regi inferuntur." + +And accordingly the said Edward was adjudged to go in full court in +Westminster Hall, and ask pardon of the judge whom he had insulted; and +for the contempt done to the king and his court was then to stand +committed to the Tower, there to remain during the king's pleasure. +(_Abb. Plac._ lib. impres. p. 257.) + +Roger de Hegham occurs as a Baron of the Exchequer in 26 Edw. I., and +died 2 Edw. II. (Madox, ii. 58.) + + WILLIAM SIDNEY GIBSON. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + + +NOTE ON THE WORD "[Greek: Adelphos]." + +I have attempted to ascertain the _primary_ signification of the word +"[Greek: adelphos]," for the purpose of laying down a rule for its right +interpretation in the sacred scriptures. If I have succeeded, we may be +enabled to understand rightly one or two disputed passages in the New +Testament, of which I hope to treat in a subsequent number. + +Thus says Scapula on the word: + + "[Greek: Adelphos], frater propri, frater uterinus; fit enim a + dictione [Greek: delphys], uterus; et [Greek: a] significante + [Greek: homou], pro [Greek: homodelphos]." + +His etymology, as far as it goes, is quite correct: but still, we must +trace its different parts up to the fountain-head, in order to +understand the word aright. Let us then first take away its prefix +[Greek: a], and its constructive affix [Greek: os], and the remaining +[Greek: delph] will be found to be a compound word, derived from the +Sanscrit language, proving its identity therewith by means of the +intermediate Semitic dialects. + +Chaldee _dul_, situla, urna, _a vessel_ for holding liquor. Arabic +_dal_, a fat _woman_. These primary steps lead us to a passage in Isaiah +li. 1., "the _hole_ of the _pit_:" where the _idea_ (not the word) is +contained, and forms a connecting link between the Chaldee and Sanscrit; +where, by taking _t_ for _d_ (a letter of the same organ), we have +Sanscrit _tal_, a _hole_, _pit_, cause, origin, &c.; _talla_, a young +woman, _reservoir_, _pit_, &c.; Greek (from the Syriac) [Greek: +talitha], a damsel, Mark v. 41.; and by affixing the Sanscrit _pha_, or +_pa_, _fruitfulness_, nourishment, drink, &c., we get _talpa_, a wife, +bed, &c. Hebrew _dalaph_, stillavit. Syriac _dalpha_, conjunctio +venerea. Delilah, a proper name, Judges xvi. 4. We thus ascertain that +[Greek: del-ph] relates to the fruit or fruitfulness, &c. of the womb: +and by putting the constructive affix [Greek: ys] = the Sanscrit _as_ or +_us_, we have [Greek: delphys], uterus, &c. + +We now come to the most important part of the compound [Greek: +adelphos], viz. the Sanscrit [=a] = [Greek: homou], simul, at the same +time; and we find that this [=a] refers us to "a limit conclusive" (to +_that_ place, to that time), and also to a "limit inceptive" (_from_ +THAT _place_, from that time); consequently, the _primary_ meaning of +[Greek: a-del-ph-os], is what Scapula has defined it to be, "frater +uterinus," a brother _to_, or _from the_ SAME _womb_. + +My deduction from hence is, that where the context, or history, does +_not_ point us to a more general sense of the word, _i.e._ to relatives +such as cousins, or to the whole _human_ race adopting the same term; +_correct_ criticism seems to demand the signification of the word in its +_primary_ meaning. + + T. R. BROWN. + + Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle. + + +LAMBERT, THE "ARCH-REBELL." + +Mr. Hallam (_Const. Hist._, vol. ii. p. 26. ed. 1850), after some +remarks on the execution of Vane, who was brought to trial together with +Lambert in 1661, asserts that the latter, "whose submissive behaviour +had furnished a contrast with that of Vane, was sent to Guernsey, and +remained a prisoner for thirty years." Mr. Hallam does not quote his +authority for this statement, which I also find in the older +biographical dictionaries. There exists, however, in the library of the +Plymouth Athenum, a MS. record which apparently contradicts it. This is +a volume called _Plimmouth Memoirs, collected by James Yonge_, 1684. It +contains "a Catalogue of all the Mayors, together with the memorable +occurrences in their respective years," beginning in 1440. Yonge himself +lived in Plymouth, and the later entries are therefore made from his own +knowledge. There are two concerning Lambert: + + "1667. _Lambert, the arch-rebell, brought prisoner to this + Iland."_ + +[The Island of St. Nicholas at the entrance of the harbour, fortified +from a very early period.] + + "1683, Easter day. My Lord Dartmouth arrived in Plimmo. from + Tangier. In March, Sir G. Jeffry, the famously [Query, + _infamously_] loyal Lord Chief Justice, came hither from + Launceston assize: lay at the Mayor's: viewed ye citadells, Mt. + Edgecumbe, &c. + + "The winter of this yeare proved very seveare. East wind, frost, + and snow, continued three moneths: so that ships were starved in + the mouth of the channell, and almost all the cattel famisht. Ye + fish left ye coast almost 5 moneths. All provisions excessive + deare; and had we not had a frequent supply from ye East, corne + would have been at 30s. per bushell,--above 130,000 bushells being + imported hither, besides what went to Dartmo., Fowy, &c. + + "The Thames was frozen up some moneths, so that it became a small + citty, with boothes, coffee houses, taverns, glasse houses, + printing, bull-baiting, shops of all sorts, and whole streetes + made on it. The birdes of the aire died numerously. _Lambert, that + olde rebell, dyed this winter on Plimmo. Island, where he had been + prisoner 15 years and mo._" + +The trial of Lambert took place in 1661. He may have been sent at first +to Guernsey, but could only have remained there until removed in 1667 to +Plymouth. His imprisonment altogether lasted twenty-one years. + +Lambert's removal to Plymouth has, I believe, been hitherto unnoticed. +Probably it was thought a safer (and certainly, if he were confined in +the little island of St. Nicholas, it was a severer) prison than +Guernsey. + + RICHARD JOHN KING. + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +An opinion prevails that biographers who lived nearest the times of the +individuals whom they commemorate are most entitled to belief, as having +at command the best sources of information. To this rule, however, there +are numerous exceptions; for time, which casts some facts into oblivion, +also produces fresh materials for historians and biographers. + +It is certainly advisable to _consult_ the earliest memoir of an +individual in whose fate we take an interest, and even each successive +memoir, in order that we may trace the more important historical +particulars, and such critical opinions as seem to require discussion, +to their true source. The result of some comparisons of this +description, on former occasions, has almost led me to consider +biographers as mere copyists--or, at the best, artists in patch-work. I +shall now compare, on one point, the earlier biographers of Caxton:-- + + "Gvilhelmus Caxton, Anglus--habitavit interim in Flandria 30 annis + cum domina Margareta Burgundi ducissa regis Edwardi + sorore."--Joannes BALE, 1559. + + "Gvilhelmvs Caxtonus, natione Anglus. Vir pius, doctus, etc. In + Flandria quidem triginta annis vixit cum Margareta Burgundi duce, + regis Edwardi quarti sorore."--Joannes PITSEUS, 1619. + + "William Caxton, born in that town [sc. Caxton!]. He had most of + his _education_ beyond the seas, living 30 years in the court of + Margaret dutchesse of Burgundy, sister to king Edward the Fourth, + whence I conclude him an Anti-Lancastrian in his + affection."--Thomas FULLER, 1662. + + "William Caxton--was a menial servant, for thirty years together, + to Margaret dutchess of Burgundy, sister to our king Edward IV., + in Flanders."--William NICOLSON, 1714. + + "Gulielmus Caxton natus in sylvestri regione Cantiae; in Flandria, + Brabantia, Hollandia, Zelandia xxx annis cum domina Margareta, + Burgundiae ducissa, regis Edwardi IV. sorore vixit."--Thomas + TANNERUS, 1748. + +Now, according to Fabian, Stow, and others, Margaret of York was married +to Charles duke of Burgundy in 1468; and if Caxton did not return to +England about the year 1471, as Stow asserts, he was certainly +established at Westminster in 1477. The _thirty_ years of the learned +writers must therefore be reduced to less than _ten_ years! + +The discrepancy between these writers, on another important point, is +not less remarkable than their agreement in error, as above-described. +Pits says Caxton flourished in 1483; Fuller, that he died in 1486; and +Tanner, that he _flourished_ about 1483, and _died_ in 1491. Shakspere +died in 1616: in what year did he flourish? + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +Minor Notes. + +_A Hint to Catalogue Makers._--Among the many excellent schemes proposed +for the arrangement and diffusion of common means of information, one +simple one appears to have been passed over by your many and excellent +correspondents. I will briefly illustrate an existing deficiency by an +example. + +While collecting materials for a projected critical commentary on the +_Timus_ of Plato, I was surprised to find the commentary of +_Chalcidius_ wholly wanting in our library at Christ Church. +Subsequently (when I did not want it, having secured a better edition at +the end of Fabricius' _Hippolytus_) I discovered a fine copy of Badius +Ascensius' editio princeps, bound up with Aulus Gellius and Macrobius, +but utterly ignored in the Christ Church catalogue. + +This instance shows the necessity of carefully examining the _insides_ +of books, as well as the backs and title-pages, during the operation of +cataloguing. Our public libraries are rich in instances of a similar +oversight, and many an important and _recherch_ work is unknown, or +acquires a conventional rarity, through its concealment at the end of a +less valuable, but more bulky, treatise. + +I have been aroused to the propriety of publishing this suggestion, by +purchasing, "dog cheap", a volume labelled _Petrus Crinitus_, but +containing _Hegesippus_ (_i.e._ the pseudo-Ambrosian translation from +Josephus) and the Latin grammarians at the end, all by the +afore-mentioned printer. + + THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY. + +_Virgil and Goldsmith._--The same beautiful thought is traceable in both +Virgil and Goldsmith. In book iii. of the _neid_, lines 495-6. we read: + + "Vobis parta quies; nullum maris quor arandum; + Arva neque Ausoni, _semper cedentia retro_, + _Qurenda_." + +In the _Traveller_ these lines occur: + + "But me, not destined such delights to share, + My prime of life in wandering spent and care; + Impell'd, with steps unceasing, to pursue + Some fleeting good, that mocks me with the view; + That, like the circle bounding earth and skies, + Allures from far, yet, as I follow, flies ----" + + ALFRED GATTY. + +_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--MEM. The additive number for this +present November is 1. Hence next Wednesday is 4 + 1, that is, the 5th. +The Sunday following, is 1 + 1 + 7, that is, the 9th. And similarly for +any other day or week in this month. + + A. E. B + + Leeds, Nov. 1. 1851. + +_Merlin and the Electric Telegraph._--The following extract from the +prophecy of Merlin in Geoffrey of Monmouth's _British History_, book +vii. ch. 4., reads rather curiously in these days of railways and of +electric telegraph communication between France and England:-- + + "Eric shall hide his apples within it, and _shall make + subterraneous passages_. At that time _shall the stones speak_, + and the sea towards the Gallic Coast be contracted into a narrow + space. _On each bank shall one man hear another_, and the soil of + the isle shall be enlarged. The secrets of the deep shall be + revealed, and Gaul shall tremble for fear." + +I should like to be informed if there have ever been any detailed and +systematic attempts made at interpreting the whole of this curious +prophecy of Merlin's. + + W. FRASER. + + + + +Queries. + + +BISHOP BRAMHALL AND MILTON. + +Perhaps I am convicting myself of the most benighted ignorance by asking +some of your learned correspondents to elucidate for me a letter of +Bramhall's, which I extract from his works. It was written to his son +from Antwerp, and relates to the early years of our great Milton at +Cambridge, dated: + + "Antwerpe, May 9/19, 1654. + + "That lying abusive book [viz., the _Def. Pop. Ang._] was written + by Milton himself, one who was sometime Bishopp Chappell's pupil + in Christ Church in Cambridge, but turned away by him, as he well + deserved to have been, out of the University, and out of the + society of men. If Salmasius his friends knew as much of him as I, + they would make him go near to hang himself. But I desire not to + wound the nation through his sides, yet I have written to him long + since about it roundly. It seems he desires not to touch upon this + subject."--_Works_, vol. i. p. 94, Oxford, 1842. + +That Milton was _rusticated_ from Cambridge, and besides flogged by Dr. +Chappell, there seems little reason to doubt, but it is equally clear +that the punishment was only a temporary one, as he again went into +residence, and took the degrees of bachelor and master of arts in due +course. Whence, then, this sweeping accusation of the great and good +Bramhall's, whose character is a sufficient safeguard that he at all +events _believed_ what he said? Aubrey relates the story of Milton's +being whipped by Dr. Chappell, and afterwards being "transferred to the +tuition of one Dr. Tovell, who dyed parson of Lutterworth."[2] Milton +himself (_Elegiarum Liber, Eleg. I. ad Carolum Deodatum_) speaks of his +residence in London, and alludes, rather gratefully, to his "exilium" +from Cambridge, which he heartily disliked. He also alludes to his being +flogged, as there seems a whole world of meaning in _Cteraque_: + + "Nec duri libet usque minas perferre magistri, + _Cteraque ingenio non subeunda meo_. + Si sit hoc _exilium_ patrios adiisse penates, + Et vacuum curis otia grata sequi, + Non ego vel _profugi_ nomen, sortemve recuso, + Ltus et _exilii_ conditione fruor."--Ver. 15. &c. + + [Footnote 2: Dr. Warton has given a long note on the word + _Cteraque_ in his edition of Milton's _Poems_, 1791, p. 421. He + suggests that probably "Dr. Tovell" should read "Dr. _Tovey_, + parson of _Kegworth_, in Leicestershire."] + +We then get a short sketch of his employments and amusements in London; +and his return to Cambridge is mentioned in the palinode to the last of +his elegies: + + "Donec Socraticos umbrosa academia rivos + Prbuit, admissum dedocuitque jugum. + Protinus extinctis ex illo tempore flammis, + Cincta rigent multo pectora nostra gelu." + +Having now cleared my way in as brief a manner as possible, I must +profess my utter disbelief in the enormities of Milton's life at +Cambridge. He was certainly flogged, but then he was only eighteen years +old at the time, and we know that flogging was permitted by the statutes +of many colleges, and was a favorite recreation amongst the deans, +tutors, and censors of the day. Bramhall's letter has indeed been a +marvellous stumbling-block in my way, ever since the appearance of the +last edition of his works; but I do hope that some of your learned +correspondents will dispel the clouds and shadows that surround me, and +prove that, at all events, Milton was not worse than his neighbours. + +Dr. South and Cowley were never flogged at college, but certainly they +were often flogged at school, or they could not speak so feelingly on +the subject: + + "Those 'plagosi Orbilii' (writes South), those executioners, + rather than instructors of youth; persons fitted to lay about them + in a coach or cart, or to discipline boys before a Spartan altar, + or rather upon it, than to have anything to do in a Christian + school. I would give these pedagogical _Jehus_, those furious + school-drivers, the same advice which the poet says Phoebus gave + his son Phaton (just such another driver as themselves), that he + should _parcere stimulis_ (the stimulus in driving being of the + same use formerly that the lash is now). Stripes and blows are the + last and basest remedy, and scarce ever fit to be used but upon + such as carry their brains in their backs, and have souls so dull + and stupid as to serve for little else but to keep their bodies + from putrefaction."--_Sermon upon Proverbs, xxii. 6._ + +And Cowley, in describing the _Betula_ (Angl. birch-tree), how he does +paint from nature! + + "Mollis et alba cutim, formosam vertice fundens + Csariem, sed mens tetrica est, sed nulla nec arbor + Nec fera sylvarum crudelior incolit umbras: + Nam simul atque urbes concessum intrare domosque + Plagosum _Orbilium_ svumque imitata _Draconem_ + Illa furit, non ulla viris delicta, nec ullum + Indulgens ludum pueris; inscribere membra + Discentum, teneroque rubescere sanguine gaudet." + + _Plantarum_, lib. vi. pag. 323. Londini, 1668. + +That Milton's character was notorious or infamous at Cambridge has +never, to my knowledge, been proved; and there is in his favour this +most overwhelming testimony, that he never forfeited the esteem and +friendship of the great and good. Was Sir Henry Wotton writing to a man +of blighted and blasted reputation when he sent the kind and +complimentary letter prefixed to _Comus_? In that he not merely +eulogises the "Dorique delicacy" of Milton's songs and odes, but gives +him much kind and considerate advice upon the course he was to pursue in +his travels, as well as some introductions to his own friends, and +promises to keep up a regular correspondence with him during his +absence. Milton was very proud of this letter, and speaks of it in his +_Defensio Secunda_. Again, Milton's associates at Cambridge must have +known all about the misdemeanour (whatever it was) that caused his +rustication, and yet they permitted him to take a part in, and perhaps +to write the preface of, the ever memorable volume which contained the +first edition of _Lycidas_. + +The person commemorated was Edward King, a Fellow of Christ's College, +Cambridge (Milton's own college); and I need not adduce Milton's +affecting allusions to their close and intimate friendship. It was for +another of the _Fellows_ of Christ's College that Milton at the age of +nineteen (the very year after his rustication) wrote the academic +exercise _Naturam non pati Senium_, found amongst his Latin poems. But I +will omit a great many arguments of a similar kind, and ask this +question, Why has Milton's college career escaped the lash of three of +the most sarcastic of writers, Cleveland, Butler, and South, who were +his contemporaries? Cleveland must have known him well, as he, as well +as Milton, had contributed some memorial verses to King, and party +feeling would perhaps have overcome collegiate associations. Nor could +their mutual connexion with _Golden Grove_ have saved him from the +aspersions of Butler. After the Restoration, Richard Lord Vaughan, Earl +of Carbery, appointed the author of _Hudibras_ to the stewardship of +Ludlow Castle; and his second wife was the Lady Alice Egerton, who, at +the age of thirteen, had acted the Lady in Milton's _Comus_. It was to +her likewise that Bishop Jeremy Taylor dedicated the third edition of +the third part of the _Life of Christ_, as he had dedicated the first +edition to Lord Carbery's former wife, whose funeral sermon he preached. +I do not remember that Cleveland or Butler have on any occasion +satirised Milton; but I do remember that Dr. South has done so, and I +cannot understand his silence on the matter if Milton's private +character had been notorious. Of course I do not believe the anonymous +invective ascribed to a son of Bishop Hall's. Dr. South was not the man +to "mince matters," and yet Milton's college life has escaped his +sarcasms. What his opinion of Milton was we may learn from his sermon +preached before King Charles II. upon Judges xix. 30. + + "The Latin advocate (Mr. Milton) who, like a blind adder, has spit + so much poison upon the king's person and cause," &c. + + "In prfat. ad defensionem pro populo Anglicano (as his Latin + is)."--Vol. ii. pp. 201-2. Dublin, 1720. fol. + +Any one who can help me out of my difficulty will much oblige me, as +Bramhall's letter is a painful mystery, and truth of any kind is always +less distressing than vague and shadowy surmises. + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 16, 1851. + + +THE SEMPILLS OF BELTRUS: ROBERT SEMPILL. + +Some few months ago there was published in Edinburgh the first collected +and only complete edition of the _Poems_ by the three brothers "Sir +James, Robert, and Francis Sempill of Beltrus," better known as the +authors of "The Pack-Man's Paternoster; or, a Picktooth for the Pope," +"The Life and Death of Habbie Simson, Piper of Kilbarchum," "The +Blythsome Wedding," "Maggie Lauder," &c., with biographical notices of +their lives. I am now anxious to know if any of your numerous +correspondents can inform me if copies of the original editions of the +_Poems_ by "Robert Sempill" can be procured, or if they are in any of +the public or private libraries in England? The following are what I am +in quest of, viz.: + +1. _The Regentis Tragedie_, 1570. + +2. _The Bischoppis Lyfe and Testament_, 1571. + +3. _My Lorde Methwenis Tragedie_, 1572. + +4. _The Sege of the Castel of Edinburgh_, 1573. + +Also where any notice as to his family, life, and character can be +found. + +A collection of Sempill's _Poems_, with some authentic account of the +author, is certainly a desideratum in Scottish literature. + + T. G. S. + + Edinburgh, Oct. 18. 1851. + + +DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. + +John of Gaunt, by his third wife Katharine Swynford, left four children, +born before his marriage with her, but legitimated by act of parliament. +Of these the eldest is thus mentioned in Burke's "Introduction" to the +_Peerage_, p. xxi.:-- + + "John de Beaufort, _Marquess_ of Somerset and Dorset, who married + Margaret, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, and had a son + John, _Duke_ of Somerset, whose _only daughter and heir_, + Margaret, married Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and was mother + of Henry VII." + +Query, Was Margaret "only child," as well as only daughter of John Duke +of Somerset? or was she not sister to Henry, Edmund, and John, +successively Dukes of Somerset? (See Burke's _Peerage_, "Duke of +Beaufort.") + +In that case, after the death of this last-named Duke John issueless, +she would become "sole heir," as she had always been "sole daughter," of +Duke John the First. + +Or was she in fact _the daughter of this second and last Duke John_? At +his death the male line of Lancaster became extinct; the royal branch +having already failed at the death of Henry VI. + +There appears some little confusion in Burke's excellent work, as may be +seen by comparing p. xxi. of the Introduction, &c., with the genealogy +of the Beaufort family. + + A. B. + + Clifton. + + +Minor Queries. + +246. _Rocky Chasm near Gata: Earthquake at the Crucifixion._--Dr. +Basire (who was archdeacon of Northumberland, prebendary of Durham, and +chaplain to King Charles the Martyr and King Charles II.), in his +account of a tour made by himself and companions in 1649, says: + + "Wee landed to see Gata, a pleasant, strong, and very antient + citty. In it we saw some wonders, especially the thorow rupture of + a rocky mountain by an earthquake, which tradition sayes, and + Cardinal Baronius publishes to have happened at our Savior's + passion: a stupendous sight it is however, and well worth our + digression."--_Correspondence, &c., of Basire_, edited by the Rev. + W. N. Darnell, p. 90. + +I cannot here consult Baronius, to see whether he gives any references, +and should be very glad to be referred to any ancient historian who has +noticed the event to which this remarkable chasm is attributed, and to +know whether the tradition is preserved by any classical writer. I do +not find the chasm in question described by any naturalist, or other +traveller, whose writings I have been able to refer to. It is in a +locality which abounds with indications of volcanic action. It is said +that the Monte Somma was probably not distinct from the present cone of +Vesuvius prior to the great eruption in A.D. 79. In Dr. Daubeny's +_Description of Active and Extinct Volcanos_, mention is made of an +ancient town beneath the town of Sessa, where a chamber with antique +frescoes and the remains of an amphitheatre were disinterred, of the +overwhelming of which there is no record, nor is there even a tradition +of any eruption having occurred near it in the memory of man. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +247. _Cavalcade._--Your correspondent MR. W. H. HESLEDEN, in his +description of "A Funeral in Hamburgh" (Vol. iv., p. 269.), has twice +made use of the word _cavalcade_ in reference to that which would +otherwise appear to be a walking procession. He will oblige me (and I +dare say others of your readers) by explaining whether the procession +was really equestrian, or whether he has any authority for the +application of the term to pedestrians. The use of the word cannot have +been a mere oversight, since it is repeated. The relation in which it +stands makes it very doubtful whether it can, by any possibility, be +intended to describe a riding party. If, by any latitude, the word may +be otherwise applied, an authority would be interesting. If it is an +error, it certainly should not go uncorrected in "NOTES AND QUERIES." + + NOCAB. + + Harley Street. + +248. _A Sept of Hibernians._--Is _sept_ a word of Erse etymology; and, +if not, of what other? Has it a specific sense; or is it a general +equivalent to _clann_ or _treubh_? + + A. N. + +249. _Yankee Doodle._--Can any of your correspondents explain the origin +of this song, or state in what book a correct version of it can be +found? Likewise, whether the tune is of older date than the song. To +some these may appear trite questions; but I can assure you that I have +been unable to obtain the information I require elsewhere, and my +applications for the song at several music shops, when I was last in +London, were unsuccessful. + + SAMPSON WALKER. + + Cambridge. + +250. _Seventeenth of November: Custom._--When at school at Christ's +Hospital, many years ago, a curious custom prevailed on the 17th +November respecting which I had not then sufficient curiosity to +inquire. + +Two or more boys would take one against whom they had any spite or +grudge, and having lifted him by the arms and legs would bump him on the +hard stones of the cloisters. + +I have often, since I left the school, wondered what could be the origin +of this practice, and more especially as the day was recognised as +having some connexion with Queen Elizabeth. + +In reading, "Sir Roger de Coverley" with notes by Willis, published in +the _Traveller's Library_, I find at p. 134. what I consider a fair +explanation. A full account is there given of the manner in which the +citizens of London intended to celebrate, in 1711, the anniversary of +Queen Elizabeth's accession on 17th November; some parts of which would +almost seem to have been copied during the excitement against the papal +bull in November 1850. + +I have little doubt that originally the unfortunate boy who had to +endure the rude bumping by his schoolfellows was intended to represent +the pope or one of his emissaries, and that those who inflicted the +punishment were looked upon as good Protestants. + +Is there any other school where this day is celebrated; and if so, what +particular custom prevails there? + +The boys always attended morning service at Christ Church on this day. + + F. B. RELTON. + +251. _Chatter-box._--The derivation of this word would seem very plain, +and yet I have some doubts about it. I used to think that we called a +person a "chatter-box" because he or she was, metaphorically speaking, a +box full of chatter, as we should call another person a _bag-of-bones_. +And this seemed confirmed by the German _plaudertasche_, or a +_chatter-bag_, till I learnt from Wackernagel, _Glossar_, that in the +Middle High German _Tasche_ = _a woman_. (See under "Flattertasche.") I +believe we meet with the word again in the epithet _Maultasche_ applied +to the celebrated Margaret Maultasche, the wife of Louis the Elder; +_i.e._ Margaret, the woman with the large mouth. The word also occurs in +the Danish _Taske_ = _a girl_, _a wench_. Hence, I conclude that there +is no doubt but that the German _plaudertasche_ means a chattering +woman. Has our _chatter-box_ the same meaning--_i.e._ is there a word +for _woman_ or _female_ in any of our ancient languages from which _box_ +might arise? The only word which occurs to me just now as confirming +such a supposition is _buxom_ ("to be bonere and buxom, in bedde and at +borde." Ancient Matrimony Service), which is thus = _womanly_. + + J. M. (4) + + St. Mary Tavy, Tavistock. + +252. _Printing in 1449, and Shakspeare._--As the _Esil_ controversy +seems now, if not settled, to be at least lulled, at the risk of +stirring up another Shakspearean discussion, I venture to set down a +passage in the _Second Part of Henry VI._, which I have never yet seen +satisfactorily explained. It is-- + + "Act IV. Scene 7.--_Cade._ ... Thou has most traitorously + corrupted the youth of the realm, in erecting a grammar-school; + and whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the + score and the tally, _thou hast caused printing to be used_; and + contrary to the king, his crown and dignity, _thou hast built a + paper-mill_." + +Is this a mere wilful anachronism on Shakspeare's part; or had "that +misunderstood politician" Mr. John Cade any ground for this particular +accusation against the Lord Treasurer Say? Perhaps some of your +correspondents who have contributed the very interesting Notes on Caxton +and Printing will elucidate the matter. + + W. FRASER. + +253. _Texts before Sermons._--What is the origin of, and the authority +for our present use of texts of Holy Scripture before sermons? In the +Roman Catholic church the custom, I believe, is not the same. The +homilies used in the Church of England have no texts. In the ancient +Postils, was the gospel for the day again read from the pulpit, or were +the hearers supposed to carry it in their minds? It is quite clear that +texts are now in most cases merely the pegs whereon the sermon is hung, +so to speak, and are not read as passages of Holy Scripture to be +expounded to an audience ignorant of the meaning of the sacred volume. +Perhaps this Query may draw forth some remarks on the subject. + + G. R. M. + +254. _Paradyse, Hell, Purgatory._--Can any of your correspondents favour +me with the history and uses of three Chambers or Houses in Westminster + Hall, which in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII. bore these +portentous names? The custody of them was evidently a source of profit; +as there are several grants of it to "squires of the king's body" and +others. (See _Rymer_, xii. 275., xiii. 34.; _Rot. Parl._ vi. 372.) + + [Greek: Ph.] + +255. _Dead Letter._--"If the editor of 'NOTES AND QUERIES' will accept +an indirect suggestion, we should be glad if he, or some of his learned +correspondents, would inform the public of the origin or antiquity of +the popular saying by which a thing, under certain circumstances, is +designated as a 'dead letter.'" + + [Being unwilling that the foregoing Query, which we have taken + from an admirable article on the Dead Letters of the Post Office, + which appeared in _The Times_ of Tuesday last, should itself + become a _dead letter_, we have transferred it to our columns in + hopes that some of our learned correspondents will explain the + origin, and show the antiquity of the phrase by instances of its + earliest use. We do not believe that it is a Post Office + technicality transferred to the vocabulary of every-day life, but + that it is in some way connected with "the letter" that + "killeth."] + +256. _Dominus Bathurst, &c._--Who was "Dominus Bathurst," a Commoner of +Winchester in 1688? "Dominus Anvers" and "Dominus Modyford" occur in +1694; who were they? + + MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +257. _Grammar Schools._--The Editor of the _Family Almanack_ would be +glad if any of the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" could inform him +whether the Grammar Schools founded in the following places are still +open to scholars:-- + +Neale's School, March, Cambridgeshire; Dilborne, Staffordshire; Kirton +in Lindsay, Lincolnshire; Kirton in Holland, Lincolnshire; Nuneaton, +Warwickshire; Pilkington School, Prestwich, Lancashire; Royston, +Yorkshire; Bolton School, Scorton, Yorkshire; Lovel's School, Stickney, +Lincolnshire; Stourbridge, Worcestershire; Tottenham, Middlesex. + +Any letter on the subject can be forwarded to the publisher, 377. +Strand. + +258. _Fermilodum._--I have an antique metal seal in my possession, which +is about two inches and a quarter in diameter, having on its exterior +circle in small capitals SIGILLVM + CIVITATIS + FERMILODVM. I wish to +know if a place with such a seal could be called a _City_, and want a +literal translation of it. My native town was originated by a monastic +establishment, and several of the names of the streets have long puzzled +the learned, such as _May-gate_, _Colorow_ (Collicrow), _Pill_ or Peel +Muir: a place called the Rhodes is also in the vicinity. Would any of +your antiquarian correspondents give derivations of those streets? + + H. E. + +259. _Lord Hungerford._--Who was the Lord Hungerford who was hanged and +degraded (and for what crime?), and who is said in Defoe's _Tour_ (cited +in Southey's _Commonplace Book_, 4th series, p. 429.) to have had a toad +put into his coat of arms? Where can such coat of arms be seen? + + J. R. RELTON. + +260. _Consecration of Bishops in Sweden._--As I see "NOTES AND QUERIES" +attracts notice in Sweden, may I ask whether any record exists of the +consecration of Bothvidus Sermonis, who was appointed to the see of +Strengness by King Gustavus Vasa in 1536? + + E. H. A. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Effigy of a Pilgrim._--There is in the parish church of +Ashby-de-la-Zouch an effigy, which is very interesting from its extreme +rarity; it is placed under a depressed arch in the north wall of the +interior of the edifice, and consists of a recumbent figure of a pilgrim +habited in a cloak and short boots, which lace in front with six holes +just above the instep: his legs are bare, and so is his head, but his +cockle hat lies under his right shoulder; his scrip, hanging from his +right shoulder to his left side, is tolerably perfect; but his row of +beads, suspended from his left shoulder to his right side, is mutilated, +as is also his staff; the hands, which were probably raised in prayer, +are gone; a collar of SS. hangs from his neck (will this be of any use +to MR. E. FOSS, Vol. iv., p. 147.?); the feet of the pilgrim rest +against a curious looking animal, which is said to be a dog. + +Nothing is known as to whom the effigy represents, and I have not +Nichols's _Leicestershire_ by me, to see if he hazards an opinion on the +subject. I shall feel much obliged by any of your numerous readers +kindly informing me where other effigies of pilgrims are to be found, +because if anything is known of them it may possibly help to elucidate +this present case of obscurity. + + THOS. LAURENCE. + + Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + [Nichols, in his _Leicestershire_, vol. iii. p 623., has given + some account of this effigy from Carter and Burton, together with + two sketches of the monument. Carter says, "There is no tradition + to determine whom this figure represents; but Mr. Gough thinks + that it was some person of authority, perhaps a keeper of the + castle, or a bailiff of the town." This monument had been noticed + by Mr. Burton, subsequent to the publication of his _History_; for + in the margin of his volume is this MS. note, and a slight sketch + of the tomb, when the scrip and staff were more perfect than they + are at present:--"On the north side of the church, near to the + great north door, lieth in the wall an ancient monument of a + Palmer in alabaster, which I guess to be of some of the family of + Zouch; which, for the expressing of the manner of the habit, I + caused to be cut and inserted." This sketch is also engraved in + plate lxxvi. of Nichols's _Leicestershire_.] + +"_Modern Universal History._"--At the conclusion of the preface of this +History, in vol. xvi. of the first edition, it is stated, "this work is +illustrated by the most complete set of maps that modern geography +furnishes." My copy is a very fine one, but I do not find any maps +whatever in it. Can any of your readers inform me whether such maps +exist; and if so, in what volumes, and at what pages, they ought to be? +Are they to be obtained separately? + + S. QUARTO. + + [The maps and charts, thirty-seven in number, to the _Modern_ part + of the _Universal History_, were published separately, in folio, + 1766: the volume and page where they are to be inserted are given + on each plate.] + +_Origin of Evil._--Where shall I find this problem fully discussed? + + A. A. D. + + [In Abp. King's _Essay on the Origin of Evil_, translated by + Bishop Law, which has passed through several editions.] + +_Nolo Episcopari._--Why is this phrase applied to a _feigned reluctance_ +in accepting an offer? + + A. A. D. + + [From a note in Blackstone's _Commentaries_, vol. i. p. 380., + edit. Christian, we learn that "it is a prevailing vulgar error, + that every bishop, before he accepts the bishoprick which is + offered him, affects a maiden coyness, and answers _Nolo + episcopari_. The origin of these words and the notion I have not + been able to discover; the bishops certainly give no such refusal + at present, and I am inclined to think they never did at any time + in this country."] + +_Authors of the Homilies._--Presuming that the authors of the Church +Homilies are well known, their writings having been adopted by our +church, and set forth and enjoined by authority to be read in all +churches, I fear I am only showing great ignorance by asking where I can +meet with a list of the writers of those discourses, distinguishing +which of the Homilies were written by each author; and if the writers of +some of them be unknown, then I should be glad to have the names of such +as are known, and the particular Homilies which were written by them. + + G. R. C. + + [Carwithen, in his _History of the Church of England_, vol. i. p. + 221. note _g_, speaking of the first book of Homilies, says, + "These Homilies were the work of Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, + Hopkins, and Becon, one of Cranmer's chaplains. There is little + but internal evidence by which the author of any particular Homily + can be ascertained. The Homily 'Of the Salvation of Mankind,' + being the third as they are now placed, was ascribed by Gardiner + to Cranmer; and Cranmer never denied that it was his. The + eleventh, in three parts, is by Becon; and it is printed among his + works published by himself in three volumes folio. It is in the + second volume." Consult also Le Bas' _Life of Cranmer_, vol. i. p. + 284., and Soames' _Hist. of the Reformation_, vol. iii. p. 56.] + +_Family of Hotham of Yorkshire._--The family of Hotham, or Hothum, of +Boudeby in Yorkshire, acquired large possessions in Kilkenny at an early +period, apparently in consequence of an intermarriage with the Le +Despencers, lords of a third of the liberty of Kilkenny. Can any reader +of "NOTES AND QUERIES" supply me with a pedigree of that family, +especially as connecting therewith Sir John Hotham, Bishop of Ossory, +1779-1782? Any particulars respecting the life of that prelate will also +be thankfully acknowledged: he is said to have been a member of an old +Yorkshire family. (Cotton's _Fasti Ecclesi Hibernic_, vol. ii. p. +288.) + + JAMES GRAVES. + + Kilkenny, Oct. 11. 1851. + + [There are several references to the Hotham family in Sims' _Index + to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the Heralds' Visitations and + other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum_, under Yorkshire. + Granger (_Biographical Hist._, vol. ii. p. 217.) has given a short + account of Sir John Hotham, Governor of Hull _temp._ Charles I. + See also _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. lxiv. p. 182., for a notice of + Sir Charles; and vol. lxviii. p. 633. for an account of the death + of Lady Dorothy Hotham.] + +_Vogelweide._--What authority has Longfellow for his legend of _Walter +of the Bird Meadow_? I find this epitaph given as his in Hone: + + "Pascua qui volucrum vivus, Walthere, fuisti, + Qui flos eloquii, qui Palladis os, obiisti! + Ergo quod aureolam probitas tua possit habere, + Qui legit, hic dicat--'Deus istius miserere!'" + +Has Julius Mosen's _Legend of the Crossbill_, translated by Longfellow, +any more ancient foundation? + + MORTIMER COLLINS. + + [The epitaph, and a very interesting sketch of the life of _Walter + Vogelweide_, with some ably translated specimens of his poetical + compositions, will be found in the late Edgar Taylor's _Lays of + the Minnisingers_, 8vo. London, 1825.] + +_Meaning of Skeatta._--What is a silver Skeatta? See _Gent. Mag._, May, +1851, p. 537. + + J. R. RELTON. + + [Mr. Akerman, in his very useful _Numismatic Manual_, p. 227., + says, "The word _sceatta_ is by some derived from _sceat_, a + _part_ or _portion_. Professor White, in a paper read to the + Ashmolean Society, remarks, that it is of Moeso-Gothic origin, + _scatt_ signifying in the Gospels of Uphilas a _pound_, a _penny_, + and, indeed, money in general." Ruding observes that, "Whatever + might have been the precise value of the _sceatta_, it was + undoubtedly the smallest coin known among the Saxons at the latter + end of the seventh century, as appears from its forming part of a + proverb: Ne sceat ne scilling, _From the least to the greatest_."] + + + + +Replies. + + +MARRIAGE OF ECCLESIASTICS. + +(Vol. iv. pp. 57. 125. 193. 196. 298.) + +Your general readers have reason to be as much obliged as myself to your +correspondents CEPHAS and K. S. for the information contained in the +former's criticisms, and the latter's addition to what you had inserted +in my name on the subject of clerical marriages. + +CEPHAS is very fair, for he does not find fault with other persons' +versions of the first part of Heb. xiii. 4. without giving his own +version to be compared; and he states the ground of his criticisms on my +reference to it. He has kindly told your readers, what they might have +conjectured from the Italics in our authorized version, that in +rendering [Greek: Timios ho gamos en pasi], "Marriage _is_ honourable in +all," they inserted _is_; and to show your readers an example of keeping +closer to the original, he himself renders it as follows: "Let (the laws +of) marriage be revered in all _things_, and the marriage bed be +undefiled." + +Then comes his exposure of my unhappy mistake: "H. WALTER mistakes the +adjective _feminine_ [Greek: en pasi] as meaning _all men_." Really, had +I known that [Greek: pasi] was an adjective feminine, I could scarcely +have fallen into the mistake of supposing it to mean _all men_. But many +of your readers will be likely to feel some sympathy for my error, while +they learn from CEPHAS that the ordinary Greek grammars, in which they +can have proceeded but a very few pages before they read and were called +upon to repeat the cases of [Greek: pas, pasa, pan], were quite wrong in +teaching us that though [Greek: pasi] might be either masculine or +neuter, it must not be taken for a feminine form. But before we correct +this error in one of the first pages of our grammar, I presume that we +should all like to know from what recondite source CEPHAS has discovered +that [Greek: pasi], and not [Greek: pasais], is the feminine form of +this constantly-recurring adjective. + +But farther, p. 193. will show that I did not give him a right to assume +that I should construe [Greek: pasi] "all _men_." For under my +_mistaken_ view of its being masculine, I thought the weaker sex was +included; and being myself a married man, I knew that marriage +comprehends women as well as men. + +But there is still more to be learnt from the criticisms of CEPHAS, +which the learned world never knew before. For, having told us that +[Greek: pasi] is an adjective feminine, he adds, "it signifies here _in +all things_;" whereas the grammars have long taught that _things_ must +not be understood unless the adjective be neuter. Perhaps he had better +concede that the grammars have not been wrong in allowing that [Greek: +pasi] may be neuter; and then, as we know that it is also masculine, and +he knows it to be feminine, it must be admitted to be of all genders, +and so young learners will be spared all the trouble of distinguishing +between them. If it be admitted that [Greek: pasi] is neuter here, it +may signify _all things_. + +My other mistake, he says, has been that of not perceiving that the +imperative _let_ should be supplied, instead of the indicative _be_. +This must be allowed to be open to debate; but as the proper meaning of +[Greek: timios] is "to be esteemed honourable," "had in reputation" +(Acts v. 34.), will it be a mistake to say, that the primitive +Christians would properly respect marriage, in their clergy as well as +in others, on the ground of the Scriptures saying, "Let marriage be +esteemed honourably in every respect?" Could they properly want ground +for allowing it to the clergy, when they could also read 1 Tim. iii. 2. +11., and Titus i. 6.? As CEPHAS quotes the Vulgate for authority in +favour of _enim_ in the next clause, he might have told your readers to +respect its authority in rendering the first clause, "Honorabile +connubium in omnibus." And if he has no new rules for correcting Syriac +as well as Greek, that very ancient version, though the gender of the +adjective be ambiguous in the equivalent to [Greek: pasi], renders the +next clause, "and _their_ couch _is_ pure," showing that _persons_ were +understood. + +Next comes K. S., who tells your readers that Whiston quotes the +well-known _Doctor_ Wall for evidence as to the prohibition of second +marriages among the Greek clergy, before the Council of Nice. I should +like to know something of this _well-known Doctor_. There was a +well-known Mr. Wall, who wrote on baptism; and there was a Don Ricardo +Wall, a Spanish minister of state, well known in his day, and there was +a Governor Wall, too well known from his being hanged; but I cannot find +that any of these was a Doctor, so as to be the well-known Doctor Wall, +whose "authority no one would willingly undervalue," (p. 299.) As for +poor Whiston, his name was well known too, as a bye-word for a person +somewhat crazy, when he quitted those mathematical studies which +compelled him to fix his mind on his subject with steadiness whilst +pursuing them. K. S. has told us that he terms "the _Apostolic +Constitutions_ the most sacred of the canonical books of the New +Testament." Such an opinion is quite enough as a test of Whiston's power +of judging in such questions. After much discussion, the most learned of +modern investigators assigns the compilation of the first six books of +those _Constitutions_ to the end of the third century, and the eighth to +the middle of the fourth. + +In the remarks to which CEPHAS has thus adverted, I gave some evidence +of marriages among ecclesiastics, at later dates than your correspondent +supposes such to have been allowed. Can he disprove that evidence? (See +Vol. iv., p. 194.) + + HENRY WALTER. + +Your correspondent CEPHAS attacks the authorised version of Heb. xiii. +4., and favours your readers with another. I venture to offer a few +remarks on both these points. + +I. He thinks-- + + "The authors of the authorised version advisedly inserted _is_ + instead of _let_, to forward their own new (?) doctrines." + +Doubtless whatever the translators did was done "_advisedly_;" but what +proof has CEPHAS that they adopted the present version _merely_ to serve +their own "interest?" Some verb _must_ be supplied, and either form will +suit the passage. It is true that Hammond prefers _let_ to _is_, but +there is as great authority on the other side. + +1. St. Chrysostom: + + "_For marriage is honourable, and the bed undefiled_: why art thou + ashamed of the honourable; why blushest thou at the + undefiled?"--_Hom. XII._ (Colos. vi.) Oxf. Trans., vol. xiv. p. + 330. + + "_For marriage is honourable._"--_Hom. X._ (1 Tim. i.), Oxf. + Trans., vol. xii. p. 77. + + "And this I say, not as accusing marriage; _for it is honourable_: + but those who have used it amiss."--_Hom. IX._ (2 Corin. iii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xxvii. p. 120. + + "And the blessed Paul says, '_Marriage is honourable in all, and + the bed undefiled_;' but he has nowhere said, that the care of + riches is honourable, but the reverse."--_Hom. V._ (Tit. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xii. p. 313. + + "Thus marriage is accounted an honourable thing both by us and by + those without; and _it is honourable_."--_Hom. XII._ (1 Cor. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. iv. p. 160. + +2. St. Augustine: + + "Hear what God saith; not what thine own mind, in indulgence to + thine own sins, may say, or what thy friend, thine enemy rather + and his own too, bound in the same bond of iniquity with thee, may + say. Hear then what the Apostle saith: '_Marriage is honourable in + all, and the bed undefiled. But whoremongers and adulterers God + will judge._'"--_Hom. on N.T._, Serm. xxxii. [82 B], Oxf. T., vol. + xvi. p. 263. + + "'_Honourable, therefore, is marriage in all_, [he had just before + been speaking of married persons] _and the bed undefiled._' And + this we do not so call a good, as that it is a good in comparison + of fornication," &c.--_Short Treat. de Bono Conjug._, Oxf. T., + vol. xxii. p. 283. + +3. St. Jerome, to whose authority perhaps CEPHAS will sooner bow on a +version of Holy Scripture than to Hammond's: + + "Illi scriptum est: 'Honorabiles nupti, et cubile immaculatum:' + Tibi legitur, 'Fornicatores _autem_ et adulteros judicabit + Deus.'"--69. _Epist. ad Ocean. Hier. Op._, vol. i. f. 325. + Basile. Ed. Erasm. 1526. + +In all these passages the words are quoted _affirmatively_, as is +evident from the context; and it seems more likely, as well as more +charitable, to believe that our translators were induced to adopt the +present version in deference to such authorities, than to impute to them +paltry motives of party purposes, which at the same time they have +themselves taken the surest means to get exposed, by printing the +inserted word in Italics. Can CEPHAS adduce any Father who quotes the +text as he would read it, in the imperative mood, and with the sense of +"all things," not "all persons?" There may be such, but they require to +be alleged in the face of positive and adverse testimony. It is evident +that the mere substitution of [Greek: est] for [Greek: esti], without +an entire change of the rest of the passage, will make no difference; +for that which was an assertion before will then have become a command. + +II. CEPHAS proposes another version, and observes, "H. WALTER mistakes +the adjective feminine [Greek: en pasi] as meaning 'all men,' whereas it +signifies here 'in all things.'" Probably this is the first time that +MR. H. WALTER and your other readers ever heard that [Greek: en pasi] +was a _feminine_ adjective. Your learned critic must surely have either +forgotten his Greek grammar, in his haste to correct the translators of +the Bible, or else is not strong in the genders; for he has unluckily +hit upon the very gender which [Greek: pasi] cannot be, by any +possibility. But let it pass for a "lapsus memori." However, he +supports his version of "all things" by one other passage, 2 Cor. xi. +6., where yet it _may_ be translated, as Hammond himself does in the +margin, "among all men" (cf. v. 8.): and I will offer him one other: + + [Greek: hina en pasi doxaztai ho Theos dia Isou Christou].--1 + Pet. iv. 11. + + [Scil. [Greek: charismasin].] + +But does CEPHAS mean to say that [Greek: en pasi] is _always_ to be thus +rendered, when found without a substantive? Here are five passages from +St. Paul's Epistles, in which, with one possible exception, it +_evidently_ means "persons," not "things." + + 1. [Greek: ho de autos esti Theos, ho energn ta panta en + pasin.]--1 Cor. xii. 6. + + 2. [Greek: hina ho Theos ta panta en pasin.]--1 Cor. xv. 28. + + 3. [Greek: barbaros, Skyths, doulos, eleutheros, alla ta panta + kai en pasi Christos.]--Col. iii. 11. + + 4. [Greek: tauta meleta, en toutois isthi; hina sou h prokop + phanera en pasin.]--1 Tim. iv. 15. + + 5. [Greek: all' ouk en pasin h gnsis.]--1 Cor. viii. 7. + +Upon the whole, then, I imagine that if any one will take the trouble to +compare the passages above cited, and others in which the phrase [Greek: +en pasi] is used, he will find that _generally_ it refers to "persons," +and requires to be limited by the context before it bears the sense of +"_things_:"--in other words, that the former meaning is to be considered +the rule, the latter the exception. + + E. A. D. + +Is not this somewhat dangerous ground for "NOTES AND QUERIES" to venture +upon, bearing in mind "the depths profound" of disputatious polemics by +which it is bounded? As, however, A. B. C. has, to a certain extent, led +you forward, it were well for you to offer a more sufficient direction +to the intricacies of the way, than can be found in the only +half-informed "Replies" which have hitherto been given to his inquiry. +This is the more necessary, as we now are accustomed to turn to you for +the resolution of many of our doubts; and, under these circumstances, it +were better that you spake not at all, than that your language be +incomplete or uncertain. But the present question, from the very nature +of the case, is involved in some difficulty; and, to set about the proof +of individual instances of the non-celibate _as a rule_ of the bishops +of the primitive Church, or to discuss probabilities, which have already +formed the subject of much [Greek: paradiatrib], would fill more of +your pages than you would be ready to devote to such a purpose. It would +best then subserve the intentions of your publication, upon such a +matter as the present, to direct the attention of your correspondents to +accredited sources of information, and leave them to work out the +results for themselves. Voluminous are these authorities, but it will be +found that the following contain the entire subject in dispute, as +presented by the combatants on both sides; namely, _The Defense of the +Apologie_, edit. fol. 1571, pp. 194-231, 540-545.; Wharton's _Treatise +of the Celibacy of the Clergy_, in Gibson's _Preservative against +Popery_, fol. 1738, vol. i. pp. 278-339.; and Preby. Payne's _Texts +Examin'd_, &c., in _the same_, pp. 340-359. Previously, however, to +commencing the study of these authorities, I would recommend a perusal +of the statement made by Messrs. Berington and Kirk, on the celibacy of +the clergy, in _The Faith of Catholics_, &c., edit. 1830, p. 384. + + COWGILL. + + [COWGILL is right: the question of the Marriage of Ecclesiastics + is not calculated for our pages. But our correspondent CEPHAS + having impugned the scholarship of H. WALTER, and the honesty of + the translators of the authorized version, justice required that + we should insert MR. WALTER'S answer, and one of the many replies + we have received in defence of the translators. With these, and + COWGILL'S references to authorities which may be consulted upon + the question, the discussion in our columns must terminate.] + + +LORD STRAFFORD AND ARCHBISHOP USSHER. + +(Vol. iv., p. 290.) + +The question raised by PEREGRINUS is one of interest, which a comparison +of original and trustworthy writers enables us soon to settle. It is no +vulgar calumny which implicates Ussher in the advice which induced +Charles I. to consent to the murder of Lord Strafford; and though it +seems not unlikely that from timidity Ussher avoided giving any advice, +but allowed it to be inferred that he coincided in the counsel of +Williams; after weighing the evidence on this subject it is, to say the +least, impossible for us to believe for an instant that he acted in the +same noble manner as Bishop Juxon. Thus far is clear, that Bishop Juxon, +knowing that the king was satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +besought him to refuse to allow of the execution, and to "trust God with +the rest." Neither is it denied that Bishops Williams, Potter, and +Morton advised the king to assent to the bill of attainder, on the +ground that he was only assenting to the deeds of others, and was not +himself acting responsibly. And assuredly the same evidence which +carries us thus far, will not allow of our supposing that Ussher joined +with Juxon, though, as I have said before, he may, when summoned, have +avoided giving any advice. The facts seem simply these: when it was +known that the king, satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +hesitated about affixing his signature to the bill, or granting a +commission to others to do so, the London rabble, lord mayor, and +prentice lads were next called up, and the safety of the royal family +menaced. This led to the queen's solicitation, that Charles would regard +the lives of his family and sacrifice Strafford. Still the king could +not be moved. He had scruples of conscience, as well he might. This the +peers knowing, they _selected_ four bishops who should satisfy these +scruples: the four thus selected were Ussher, Williams, Morton, and +Potter. On Sunday morning, the 9th of May, the _four_ should have +proceeded to Whitehall: the _three_ latter did so; but Ussher preferred +the safer course of going and preaching at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, +leaving to his brother bishops the task of distinguishing between the +king's private conscience and his corporate one. The king, not satisfied +to leave the matter in the hands of those specially selected to urge his +consent, summoned the Privy Council. Juxon was present as Lord +Treasurer, and gave that noble and truly Christian advice: "Sir, you +know the judgment of your own conscience; I beseech you follow that, and +trust God with the rest." Moved by this, and by his own conviction of +Strafford's innocence, the king still refused assent; and it was needful +to hold another meeting, which was done in the evening of the same day. +As evening service had not been introduced into churches, Ussher was +present at the palace, and by his silence acquiesced in the advice +tendered by Bishop Williams. After the bill was signed, he broke silence +in useless regrets. But it was then too late to benefit Strafford, and +quite safe to utter his own opinions. In opposition to this, which rests +upon indisputable evidence, and with which Ussher's own statement +entirely accords, PEREGRINUS adduces the fact that Ussher attended +Strafford on the scaffold. But what does this prove? Merely that the +faction which would not tolerate that Laud or Juxon should minister the +last offices of the Church to their dying friend, did not object to +Ussher's presence; and that Strafford, who could have known nothing of +what had passed on Sunday in the interior of Whitehall, gladly accepted +the consolations of religion from the hands of the timid Primate of all +Ireland. + +The substance of what appears in Elrington's _Life of Ussher_ had been +long before stated by Dr. Thomas Smith in his _Vita Jacobi Usserii_, +apud _Vit quorundam Erudit. et Illust. Virorum_; but if, in addition, +PEREGRINUS would consult May's _History of the Long Parliament_; +Echard's _History of England_, bk. ii. ch. i.; Whitelocke's _Memorials_, +p. 45.; Rushworth; Collier's _Ecclesiastical History_, t. ii. p. 801.; +Dr. Knowler, in Preface to _The Earl of Strafford's Letters and +Dispatches_; Dr. South, in _Sermon on Rom_. xi. 33.; and Sir George +Radcliffe's Essay in Appendix to _Letters, &c. of Lord Strafford_, t. +ii. p. 432., I doubt not but that he will come to the conclusion that +the above sketch is only consistent with stern fact. + + W. DN. + + +SCULPTURED STONES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND. + +(Vol. iv., p. 86.) + +ABERDONIENSIS tells us that Mr. Chalmers, of Auldbar, had got drawings +of the sculptured stone obelisks in Angus lithographed for the Bannatyne +Club, and that the work had excited considerable interest, and that the +Spalding Club of Aberdeen are now obtaining drawings of the stones of +this description in the north of Scotland. Circulars from the Spalding +Club desiring information had been sent to a large number of the clergy, +to which answers had been received only from a small portion, and he +desired further information. These monuments, he states, are not to be +found south of the Forth, and I am told not further north than +Sutherlandshire. It would be desirable to know what these sculptured +obelisks and the sculptures on them are; if symbolical, of what, or what +they serve to illustrate; the supposed race and date to which they are +referable. What the Veronese antiquarians, Maffei and Bianchini, did +from the nation's ancient remains to throw light on history, shows what +may be done. In Orkney no sculptured stone, or stone with a runic +inscription, has been noticed among its circles of standing stones, or +single bantasteins; and though it is right to admit that attention has +not been directed to seeking them, yet I do not believe they could have +escaped observation had there been any such. The absence of runic stones +in Orkney appears singular in a country certainly Scandinavian from its +conquest by Harald Harfager, king of Norway, A.D. 895 (or perhaps +earlier), till its transfer to Scotland in 1468 in mortgage for a part +of the marriage portion of the Danish princess who became the queen of +James III. of Scotland by treaty between the countries of Denmark and +Norway and Scotland. In Zetland Dr. Hibbert noticed a few ruins, and +within these few days the peregrinations of the Spalding Club have +brought to notice, in the Island of Bruray, a stone of runic state, +having inscribed on it letters like runic characters, and sculptures in +relief, but decayed. A drawing is being made of it, to satisfy +antiquarian curiosity. It may merit notice that _no_ runic stones have +been found in Orkney, nor circles of standing stones in Zetland. The +sculptures of classic antiquity have been made use of to elucidate +history, and it is equally to be desired that those Scottish sculptured +remains should, if possible, be rescued from what Sir Francis Palgrave +calls the "speechless past," and made to tell their tale in illustration +of the earlier period of Scottish or Caledonian story. + + W. H. F. + + +ANAGRAMS. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 226, 297.) + +As anagrams have been admitted into your pages, perhaps the following, +on the merits of your publication, may find a place. + +(1.) Every one will allow that "NOTES AND QUERIES" is _a +Question-Sender_, and a very efficient one too. + +(2.) Always ready to furnish information, it says to all, _O send in a +Request_. + +(3.) Its principles are loyal and constitutional, for its very name, in +other words, is _Queens and Tories_. + +(4.) It is suited to all classes, for while it instructs the people, it +_tires no sad queen_. + +(5.) It promotes peaceful studies so much that it _ends a queen's riot_. + +(6.) The new subscriber finds it so interesting that on his bookseller's +asking if he wishes to continue it, he is sure to say, _No end as I +request_. + +(7.) Lastly, its pages are only too absorbing; for I often observe +(after dinner) my friend _A--n's nose quite red_. + +Hoping the editor, who must be accustomed, from the variety of his +contributions, to (8) _stand queer noise_, will excuse this trifling, I +beg to subscribe myself, + + (9) DAN. STONE, ESQUIRE. + +As some of your readers feel an interest in anagrams, I venture to make +an additional contribution. Polemics apart, it will strike most persons +as remarkably happy: + + "But, holie father, I am certifyed + That they youre power and policye deride; + And how of you they make an anagram, + The best and bitterest that the wits could frame. + As thus: + _Supremus Pontifex Romanus._ + Annagramma: + _O non sum super petram fixus._" + +It occurs in Taylor's _Suddaine Turne of Fortune's Wheele_, lately +printed for private circulation, under the care of Mr. Halliwell. + + C. H. + +I am surprised not one of your correspondents has noticed the anagram by +George Herbert on _Roma_. As it is a good specimen of what may be +called "learned trifling" I subjoin a copy of it:-- + + "Roma dabit oram, Maro, + Ramo, armo, mora, et amor. + + "Roma tuum nomen quam non pertransiit _Oram_ + Cum Latium ferrent scula prisca jugum? + Non deerat vel fama tibi, vel carmina fam, + Unde _Maro_ laudes duxit ad astra tuas. + At nunc exsucco similis tua gloria _Ramo_ + A veteri trunco et nobilitate cadit. + Laus antiqua et honor perierunt, te velut _Armo_ + Jam deturbrunt tempora longa suo. + Quin tibi jam desperat _Mora_ nulla medetur; + Qua Fabio quondam sub duce nata salus. + Hinc te olim gentes mirat odre vicissim; + Et cum sublata laude recedit _Amor_." + + H. C. K. + +Amongst George Herbert's _Poems_ is an anagram, which I shall only +allude to, as it is upon a sacred subject; and Fulke Greville, Lord +Brooke, has left us a play upon his own name, which would scarcely +satisfy the requirements of MR. BREEN. However, I am glad of any +opportunity of referring to our great English Lucretius, and will +transcribe it:-- + + "Let no man aske my name, + Nor what else I should be; + For _Greiv-Ill_, paine, forlorne estate + Doe best decipher me." + + "Clica," sonnet lxxxiii. _Works_, p. 233. Lond. 1633. + +To me the most satisfactory anagram in the English language is that by +the witty satirist Cleveland upon Oliver Cromwell: + + _Protector. O Portet C. R._ + + Cleveland's _Works_, p. 343. Lond. 1687. + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 18. 1851. + + +THE LOCUSTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. + +(Vol. iv., p. 255.) + +The Romaic version of Matt. iv. 4. is almost verbally taken from the +Greek, "[Greek: h de troph autou n akrides kai meli agrion]." In Mark +i. 6., the expression is [Greek: esthin akridas]. The only other place +in the New Testament were the word [Greek: akris] is found, is in Rev. +ix. 3. 7., where it plainly means a locust. + +In the Septuagint version the word is commonly used for the Hebrew +[Hebrew: `arbeh], locust, of the meaning of which there is no dispute; as +in Exodus, x. 4. 12, 13, 14.; Deut. xxviii. 38.; Joel, i. 4., ii. 25.; +Ps. cv. 34., &c. + +In other places the word [Greek: akris] in the Septuagint corresponds to +[Hebrew: chgab], in the Hebrew, as in Numb. xiii. 33.; Is. xl. 22.; and +that this was a species of locust which was eatable, appears from Lev. +xi. 21, 22.: + + "Yet there may ye eat of every _flying_ creeping thing that goeth + upon all fours, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal + upon the earth; even those of them ye may eat, the locust + ([Hebrew: th h`arbeh], [Greek: ton brouchon]) after his kind, and + the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and + the grasshopper ([Hebrew: `eth hechgab], [Greek: tn akrida]) + after his kind." + +That locusts were eaten in the East is plain from Pliny, who in xi. 29. +relates this of the Parthians; and in vi. 30. of the Ethiopians, among +whom was a tribe called the Acridophagi, from their use of the [Greek: +akris] for food. + +There seems, then, no reason to suppose that in Matt. iv. 4., Mark i. +6., the word [Greek: akrides] should be taken to mean anything but +locusts. + +It was, however, a very ancient opinion that the word [Greek: akrides] +here means [Greek: akrodrya], or [Greek: akra dryn], or [Greek: +akremones], or [Greek: akrismata], the ends of the branches of trees; +although the word [Greek: akrides] is never used in this sense by pure +Greek writers. + + T. C. + + Durham. + +The interpretation of [Greek: akrides] (Matt. iii. 4.) suggested to +[Greek: Boreas] is not new. Isidorus Pelusiota (Epist. i. 132.) says: + + "[Greek: hai akrides, hais Ianns etrepheto, ou za eisin, hs + tines oiontai amaths, kantharois apeoikota; m genoito; all' + akremones botann phytn]." + +Chrysostom, Theophylact, and others, either adopt or quote the same +interpretation, as may be seen by referring to Suicer, _Thes. Eccl._, +under the word [Greek: Akris]. + +But in the absence of any direct proof that the word was ever used in +this sense, I do not think it safe to adopt interpretations which +possibly rested only on some tradition. + +There is positive proof that locusts were eaten by some people. In Lev. +xi. 22. we have, + + "These of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald + locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the + grasshopper after his kind." + +In this passage we find [Greek: akrida] used by the LXX. for the Hebrew +[Hebrew: chgab], the last of the four kinds specified. I find in +several commentators whom I have consulted, reference to Bochart's +_Hierozoicon_, ii. 4. 7., but as I have not the book by me, I must be +content with referring your correspondent to it; and if he will look at +the commentaries of Elsner and Kuinoel, and Schleusner's _Lexicon_, he +will find references to so many authors in confirmation of the fact in +question, that I think he will not disagree with me in concluding that +where the balance of learned opinion, as well as of evidence, is so +great in favour of one interpretation, we ought not rashly to take up +another, however intelligent the party may be by whom it was suggested. + +I have just looked into Wolfius on the New Testament, and there find a +list of writers who have adopted the interpretations of the Father +above mentioned, and also a host of others who defend the received +explanation. If they should be within the reach of [Greek: Boreas] (as +most of them are not in mine), he will be able to balance their +arguments for himself. + + [Hebrew: B.] + + L---- Rectory, Somerset. + +Perhaps the following may be useful to your correspondent [Greek: +Boreas] on the word [Greek: akrides], St. Matt. iii. 4. + +Lev. xi. 22., we have an enumeration of the various kinds of locusts +known to the Jews, viz. the locust proper, the bald locust, beetle, +grasshopper; rendered in the Vulgate respectively, _bruchus_, _attacus_, +_ophiomachus_, _locusta_, the latter by the Septuagint, [Greek: +akrides]. The Hebrew [Hebrew: `arbeh], the locust proper, from [Hebrew: +ravah], to multiply, is used chiefly for the ravaging locust, as Exod. +x. 12., probably a larger kind; while [Hebrew: chgab], which is +translated _grasshopper_ in our version above, Vulg. _locusta_, Sept. +[Greek: akrides], rendered by Fuerstius (_Heb. Conc._) _locusta +gregaria_, is mostly used as implying diminutiveness, as Numbers, xiii. +33., and but once as a devouring insect, 2 Chro. vii. 13. It is +translated indiscriminately, in our version, _locust_ and _grasshopper_; +all these were edible and permitted to the Jews. Singularly enough, +there is one passage in which this word [Hebrew: chgab] is used, viz. +Eccl. xii. 5., in which it is doubted by some whether it may not mean a +vegetable; but this is not the opinion of the best authorities. The +observation of Grotius, by-the-bye, on the place is extremely curious, +differing from all the other commentators. + +What we learn from the Old Testament, then is the probability that +[Greek: akrides] meant a smaller kind of locust; and that they were +edible and permitted to the Jews. We have abundant evidence, moreover, +from other quarters, that these locusts were prized as food by +frequenters of the desert. Joh. Leo (_Descript. Afric_, book ix., +quoted by Drusius, _Crit. Sac._) says: + + "Arabi desert et Liby populi locustarum adventum pro felici + habent omine; nam vel elixas, vel ad solem desiccatas, in farinam + tundunt atque edunt." + +Again, _Mercurialis, de Morb. Puerorum_, i. 3. ap. eun.: + + "Refert Agatharchides, in libro de Mare Rubro, [Greek: + akridophagous], i.e. eos qui vescuntur locustis, corpora habere + maxime extenuata et macilenta." + +Fit food, therefore, of the ascetic. Theophylact understood by [Greek: +akrides] a wild herb or fruit; but all the most trustworthy commentators +besides were of opinion that an animal was intended. + +The modern Greek interpretation of [Greek: akrides], "the young and +tender shoots of plants," may perhaps be traced in what Balth. +Stolbergius (see his essay on this passage, the most copious of any) +says; maintaining it to be an animal, he adds,-- + + "Insectum, infirmis pennis alatum, ac proinde altius non evolans, + sic dictum ab uredine locorum qu attingit; quasi loca usta. + Grc, [Greek: akris, para tas akras tn astachyn kai tn phytn + nomesthai]." + +The following from _Hieron. adv. Jovinian_, ii. 6., quoted by Drusius, +while it asserts that locusts were esteemed as food in some countries, +will, perhaps, account for the unwillingness of the Greek friend of your +correspondent [Greek: Boreas] to recognise an animal in the [Greek: +akrides] of John the Baptist: + + "Apud orientales et Liby populos, quia per desertum et calidam + eremi vastitatem locustarum nubes reperiuntur, locustis vesci + moris est; hoc verum esse Johannes quoque Baptista probat. + Compelle Phrygem et Ponticum ut locustas comedat, nefas putabit." + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +Will you permit me to observe that the proper word is _locusts_? For I +remember when I was at Constantinople in the year 1809, that passing +through the fruit and vegetable bazaar, I observed some dried fruits, +resembling a large French bean pod; they appeared dry, and were of a +brown colour. I inquired the name of "the fruit;" I was told they were +"locusts." I was struck with the name, for I remembered the passage in +the New Testament, and I could not reconcile my mind to St. John living +upon locusts (the insects) and wild honey. I immediately tasted some of +the fruit, and found it sweet and good, something similar to the date, +but not so good, although nutritious. I was thus instantly convinced of +the possibility of St. John living upon "locusts and wild honey" in the +desert. I have related to you this fact as it occurred to me. The locust +tree must be well known amongst horticulturists. I do not pretend to +enter into the question whether the translation is right or wrong, as I +am no "scollard," as the old woman said. + + J. BL. + +There is in Malta, the north of Africa, and Syria, a tree called the +locust tree; it bears a pod resembling the bean, and affords in those +countries food for both man and horse, which I have no doubt in my own +mind is the locust of the New Testament. If your correspondent feels +curious on the subject, I would search the bottom of my portmanteau, and +perhaps might be able to forward him a specimen. + + J. W. + +Relative to the meaning of [Greek: Akrides] in Matt. iii., I beg to +refer your correspondent [Greek: Boreas] to the note in Dr. Burton's +_Gr. Test._, where he will find reference to the authors who have +discussed the question. + + DX. + + +THE SOUL'S ERRAND. + +(Vol. iv., p. 274.) + +This beautiful little poem is assigned by Bishop Percy to Sir Walter +Raleigh, by whom it is said to have been written the night before his +execution; this assertion is, however, proved to be unfounded, from the +fact that Raleigh was not executed until 1618, and the poem in question +was printed in the second edition of Francis Davidson's _Poetical +Rhapsody_, in 1608. "It is nevertheless possible," observes Sir Harris +Nicolas (Introduction to _Poetical Rhapsody_, p. ci.), "that it was +written by Raleigh the night before he _expected_ to have been executed +at Winchester, November, 1603, a circumstance which is perfectly +reconcileable to dates, and in some degree accounts for the tradition +alluded to." This ground must be now abandoned, as it is certain that +MS. copies of the poem exist of a still earlier date. Malone had a MS. +copy of it dated 1595 (_Shakspeare by Boswell_, vol. ii. p. 579.); +Brydges speaks of one in the British Museum dated 1596 (_Lee Priory +edit. of Raleigh's Works_, vol. viii. p. 725.); and Campbell says, "it +can be traced to a MS. of a date as early as 1593" (_Specimens_, p. 57. +second edit.). + +"The Soul's Errand" is found in the folio edition of Joshua Sylvester's +_Works_, and also in the poems of Lord Pembroke. Ritson, whose authority +merits some attention, peremptorily attributes it to Francis Davison. +"_The Answer to the Lye_," he observes, "usually ascribed to Raleigh, +and pretended to have been written the night before his execution, was +in fact by Francis Davison" (_Bib. Poet._ p. 308.). + +The evidence in favour of these three claimants has been well examined +by the Rev. John Hannah (see _Poems by Sir Henry Wotton, Sir Walter +Raleigh, and others_, 12mo. 1845, pp. 89-99.), and completely set aside. +The same gentleman has printed a curious poetical piece, from an old MS. +Miscellany in the Chetham Library at Manchester (8012. p. 107), which +does something to establish Raleigh's claim. It commences as follows:-- + + "Go, Eccho of the minde; + A careles troth protest; + Make answere yt _rude Rawly_ + No stomack can disgest." + + "In these verses (remarks Mr. Hannah) three points especially + deserve attention; first, that they assign the disputed poem to + Raleigh _by name_; next, that they were written _when he was still + alive_, as is plain from the concluding stanza; and lastly, that + they give the reason why it has been found so difficult to + discover its true author, for the 13th stanza intimates that 'The + Lie' was anonymous, though its writer was not altogether unknown." + +Many MS. copies of "The Soul's Errand" exist. Two of them have been +printed at the end of Sir Harris Nicolas's edition of Davison's +_Poetical Rhapsody_; the one from Harl. MS. 2296., the other from a +manuscript in the same collection, No. 6910.; the readings of which not +only differ materially from each other, but in a slight degree also from +the printed copies. The title in Davison is "The Lie," which is retained +by Percy; that of "The Soul's Errand" was taken by Ellis from +Sylvester's _Works_. In some copies it is called "The Farewell." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +The lines reported to have been written by Sir Walter Raleigh the night +before his execution were _not_, I think, those alluded to by GROTUS. +In the _Reliqui Wottonian_ are some few "poems found amongst the +papers of Sir Henry Wotton," one of which is headed "Sir Walter Raleigh +the Night before his Death," and is this: + + "Even such is _time_ that takes on trust + Our _youth_, our _joyes_, our all we have, + And pays us but with _age_ and _dust_; + Who in the dark and silent grave + (When we have wandered all our ways) + Shuts up the story of our days. + But from this _earth_, this _grave_, this _dust_, + My God shall raise me up, I trust."--W. R. + + P. 396, 3d edition, London, 1672. + +In the _Collection of Sacred Poetry_, edited for the Parker Society by +Mr. Farr (vol. i. p. 236.), the lines I have adduced are headed "An +Epitaph" and attributed to Sir W. Raleigh on the above melancholy +occasion. + +"The Soul's Errand," which GROTUS quotes from, is entitled "The +Farewell" in the same collection; but so much ambiguity rests upon Sir +Walter's poetry that I shall merely add my conviction that the "Epitaph" +is only a fragment--"judicent peritiores." + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 14. 1851. + + [BARTANUS, JOHN ALGOR, H. E. H. have also kindly replied to this + Query.] + + +THE TWO DRS. ABERCROMBIE. + +(Vol. iii., p. 209.) + +It does not appear that David and Patrick Abercromby either studied or +graduated at the University of Leyden. Their names are not found in the +alphabetic registers of the students matriculated in the University.[3] +For this reason the academic dissertations of these two physicians will +be sought in vain in the University library. Three works of David +Abercromby are, however, here: + + 1. "Tuta ac Efficax + Luis Venere, spe absque + Mercurio, ac semper absque + Salivatione Mercuriali + Curand Methodus. + Authore Davide Abercromby, M.D. + Londini, impensis Samuel Smith ad + insigne principis in Coemiterio Divi + Pauli. MDCLXXXIV." + Dedicated to Dr. Whistlero + (Dubam, Londini, 7th Apr. 1684). + + 2. "Davidis Abercromby, M.D. + De variatione, ac varietate Pulsus Observationes + accessit ejusdem authoris + Nova Medicin + tum Speculativ, + Tum Practic Clavis + Sive ars + Explorandi Medic Plantarum ac Corporum + quorum--cumque Facultatis + ex solo sapore.--Imp. Samuel Smith. + Londini, MDCLXXXV. in 8vo." + Dedicated to Robert Boyle. + + 3. "Davidis Abercrombii, + Scoto-Britanni + Philosoph. ac Med. Doct. + Fur Academicus. + Amstelodami, apud Abrahamum + Wolfgang, 1689." + Dedicated to Jacobus Cuperus + (classis ex Indi nuper + reducis archithalasso.) + + [Footnote 3: These are now under the care of Professor N. C. Kist + of Leyden. It is to be regretted that they are not printed.] + +Here is a list of the Abercrombys who have studied at Leyden, with the +dates of their matriculation:-- + + "6. Oct. 1713. Alexander Abercromby, Scotus, an. 21. Stud. Juris." + + "25. Oct. 1724. Georgius Abercromby, an. 21, et Jacobus + Abercromby, an. 20, Scoto-Britanni, Stud. Juris. Residing with + Beeck in the Brustraet." + + "18. Nov. 1724. Jacobus Abercromby, Scotus, an. 24. Stud. Juris. + Resides with S. Rosier, in the Moorstug." + + "3. Aug. 1725. Georgius Abercromby, Scoto-Britannus, an. 22. Stud. + Juris. Apud J. Boudar, in the Brustraet." + + "3. Aug. 1725. Jacobus Abercromby, Scoto-Brit., an. 20. Stud. + Juris. Apud eundem." + +There is no other dissertation or work of the Abercrombys in the library +or the university here. + + ELSEVIR. + + Leyden. + + [We are indebted to the kindness of the Editor of the _Navorscher_ + for this extract from his forthcoming number.] + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Dacre Monument at Hurstmonceux_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.)--E. V. asks for the +names of the bearers of the following coats of arms on the monument to +the Dacre family in Hurstmonceux church. I beg to supply them: + +1. Sab. a cross or. Havenell. + +2. Barry of six arg. and az. a bend gules. Grey. + +3. Arg. a fess gules. Doddingsells. + +4. Quarterly or and gules an escarbuncle of eight rays floratty sab. +Mandeville, first Earl of Essex. Granted 1139. + +5. Barry of six arg. and gules. Bayouse. + +6. Az. an inescocheon in an orle of martlets or. Schatterset and +Walcott. + +I cannot find one with the inescocheon charged. + +In the following page, 479., J. D. S. asks the name of the bearer of a +coat in the great east window of the choir of Exeter cathedral, viz. +argent, a cross between four crescents gules. I beg to inform him that +arg. a cross _engrailed_ between four crescents gules belongs to +Bernham. Also, that arg. a cross _flory_ between four crescents gules, +belongs to the name of Tylly, or Tyllet, or Tillegh, of Dorsetshire. + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Book-plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., pp. 46. 93.).--An instance +of what may be considered as an early example of a book-plate, occurs +pasted upon the fly-leaf of a MS. in the College amongst Philpot's +_Collections_ (marked P. e. 15.), being an engraving of a blank shield, +with a helmet and lambrequin, and a compartment for the motto; the whole +surrounded by a border ornamented with flowers; altogether well +engraved. The shield contains six quarterings, very neatly sketched with +pen and ink; and the helmet is surmounted by a crest, also neatly +sketched. In the upper part of the border, occupying a space evidently +intended to be filled up, is the autograph of "Joseph Holand;" while a +similar space in the lower part contains the date of "1585" in the same +hand, in which also the motto "Fortitudo mea Deus," is written within +the compartment above mentioned. The following, which is a collateral +proof of the age of the book-plate, is likewise an autograph title to +the MS.: + + "In this booke are conteyned the armes of the nobylytye of Ireland + and of certeyne gentilmen of the same countrye. Joseph Holand, + 1585." + +This Joseph Holand was father of Philip Holand, who was Portcullis +_tempore_ James I., and Gibbon, Bluemantle, says he was a "collector of +rarities." + +By the kindness of an antiquarian friend I have three impressions of +different book-plates of the celebrated Pepys. I am not aware that they +are rare; but one is curious, as consisting merely of his initials "S. +P." in ornamented Roman capitals, elegantly and tastefully interlaced +with two anchors and cables, with his motto in a scroll above them. + + THOMAS WILLIAM KING, York Herald. + + College of Arms. + +_Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 251.).--I beg to +acknowledge the favor of MR. CROSSLEY'S communication (which, from an +accident, I have only just seen) respecting a sermon of Bishop Taylor's, +and to inform him that I have been intending to produce it in the +concluding volume (vol. i. of the series), which will contain several +small pieces. I have been aware of the existence of it from the first, +the volume in question being in the Bodleian Catalogue. + +May I take the opportunity of adding, how much I feel obliged by any +communication respecting Bishop Taylor's Works. + + C. PAGE EDEN. + +_Moonlight_ (Vol. iv., p. 273.).--The effects of the moonlight on animal +matter is well known to the inhabitants of warm climates. I remember +that when I resided in Bermuda, if the meat (which was usually hung out +at night) was exposed to the rays of the moon it putrified directly. I +was frequently cautioned by the inhabitants to beware of the moon +shining upon me when asleep, as it caused the most dangerous and +virulent fevers. Another curious power of the moonlight was that of +developing temporary blindness, caused by the glare of the sun on bright +objects. I have often seen persons stumbling and walking as quite blind, +in a moonlight so bright I could see to read by; these were principally +soldiers who had been employed during the day working on the fort and on +the white stone. On hearing the surgeon of the regiment mention that +two-thirds of the men were troubled with it, causing a greater amount of +night-work as sentries to the few who were able to see at night, I +suggested to him the following plan mentioned in a story I had read many +years before in _Blackwood_:-- + + "A pirate ship in those latitudes was several times nearly + captured, owing to all the men being moon-blind at night; the + captain ordered all his men to bind up one eye during the day, and + by this means they could see with that eye to navigate the ship at + night." + +My friend the surgeon tried the experiment, and found bandaging the eyes +at night, and giving them complete rest, restored in time their sight at +moonlight. + + M. E. C. T. + +That the light of the moon accelerates putrefaction is more than an +unfounded popular opinion. I have heard it repeatedly asserted by +observant and sober-minded naval officers as a fact, established by +experience in tropical climates. Their constant testimony was, that when +there is no moon the fresh meat is hung over the stern of the ship at +night for coolness; but if this is done when the moon shines, the meat +becomes unfit to eat. + +The Query will probably elicit an answer from some one able to speak +more directly upon the subject. It well deserves further inquiry. + + T. C. + + Durham, Oct. 15. + +_Flatman and Pope_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).--"The Thought on Death," +by Flatman, is referred to by Wharton, Bowles, and other editors of +Pope. Flatman's _Poems_ were first printed in 1674; 2ndly, 1676; 3rdly, +1682; and 4thly and lastly, 1686. The above occurs in the first edition. + +For an account of Flatman, see Walpole's _Anecdotes of Painters_, vol. +iii. p. 20., ed. 1765; Granger's _Biog. Hist._; and Wood's _Athen_. + +Some verses by him on his son, who died 1682, aged ten years, and +inscribed on his monument in St. Bride's Church, will be found in Stow +by Strype, vol. i. p. 740. ed. 1754. + +Flatman wrote a preface to Shipman's _Poems_, and verses to Sanderson's +_Graphice_, fol.; also to Walton in Chalkhill's _Thealma and Clearchus_, +and Johnson's (Wm.) _Narrative of Deliverance at Sea_, 18mo. 3d edit. +1672. + + [Greek: p.] + +_Berlin Time_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Is your correspondent very sure that +the astronomers of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain begin the day at +midnight? I turn to Herschel's _Outlines of Astronomy_ (p. 86.), and I +find that astronomers (without any limitation) commenced their day at +noon. Sir John Herschel is inclined to think that it would be better to +commence at midnight with the world at large. Surely if the foreign +astronomers _already did this_, he would not have failed to cite their +example, and to remind the English astronomers that they stood alone; +but of this he does not give the smallest hint. + + A LEARNER. + +Your correspondent DX. is mistaken in supposing that "foreigners +ordinarily commence the astronomical day at midnight." + +With respect to France, in the _Explication et Usage des Articles de la +Connaissance des Temps_ it is expressly stated: "Le jour astronomique +_commence midi_." + +And in the explanation appended to the _Berlin Jahrbuch_, it is in like +manner distinctly laid down: + + "The time which must be always understood, unless it is otherwise + particularly expressed, is the mean time of the meridian of the + New Berlin Observatory, which is taken to be 44m 140s eastward of + Paris, and 53m 355s eastward of Greenwich. _The beginning of the + day is at noon._" + +The _civil_ day always commences at the midnight preceding this +_astronomical_ day. + +It follows that Sept. 17, 3h 40m 30s Greenwich mean time, is simply +Sept. 17, 4h 34m 55s Berlin mean time. + + T. C. + + Durham. + +_Ruined Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 261.).--The old church of St. John +in the Wilderness, near Exmouth, can hardly be said to be _in +ruins_, in the sense before implied with regard to marriages, &c. +It is _dilapidated_, and almost deserted; but on visiting it a few +days since, I found it securely locked, the nave weather tight, +and sufficiently furnished for baptisms, marriages, and burials, +with surplice, two Prayer Books, Bible, table, font, bier, and +bell. They had certainly all seen their best days; but on that +account perhaps they are supposed to be more in keeping with the +general state of the venerable fabric. + +It is, in fact, the mother church of others in the vicinity, which are +only chapels of ease; but as the population increased around them, and +fell away, from some cause or other, from the precincts of the old +church, it seems to have been deserted and dismantled of everything but +what is barely necessary for burials, and an occasional wedding and +baptism. It is the south aisle only which has been removed, and that by +authority, many years ago; but certainly, it has on that side, and from +the want of glass in the fine tower window, a desolate and ruinous +appearance. In the churchyard there is a most venerable specimen of a +noble yew-tree. + + H. T. E. + + Clyst St. George, Oct. 10. 1851. + +_Italian Writer on Political Economy--Death of Carli_ (Vol. iv., p. +175.).--It is inquired, "What was the first work by an Italian writer on +any element of political economy? and in what year did Carli, the +celebrated economist, die?" The latter question I at once answer by +stating that it was on the 22d of February, 1795, in his seventy-fifth +year, having been born at Cape d'Istria, an episcopal town of Illyria, +April, 1720, of a noble family. His collected works, embracing almost +the _omne scibile_, were published in 1784-1794, nineteen octavo +volumes, at Milan, _Delle Opere del Signor Gianrinaldo Conte Carli, +Presidente Emerito del Supremo Conciglio di Pubblica Economia, &c._ The +first publication, confined to fifteen volumes, was extended to nineteen +by him, _Delle Antichit Italiche, con Appendice, de' Documenti, &c._, +1793-1795. Few writers have exceeded him in the variety of his subjects, +which combined the drama, poetry, translations, history, philosophy, the +monetary system, political economy, &c. As to your correspondent ALPHA'S +first inquiry, it will be satisfactorily answered by consulting the +collection printed at Milan in 1803, _Scrittori Classici Italiani_, +first volume of the fifty in 8vo., to which the entire extend up to that +period, since when several have appeared. + + J. R. + + Cork. + +_Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iv., p. 316.).--The four +lines inscribed in the copy of Sallust mentioned by C., and which have +been _supposed_ to be the composition of the Queen of Scots, will be +found in the second book of Ovid's _Amores_, Elegia 18, ll. 5-8. + + C. W. G. + +_Surplices_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--In reference to the origin, use, &c. +of this and other ecclesiastical vestments, let J. Y. consult the +following authorities:--Bona, _Rerum Liturgicarum_, lib. i. cap. 24.; +Gerberti _Vetus Liturgia Alemannica_, tom. i. disquisit. iii. cap 3.; +Goar, _Rituale Grcum_; Du Cange's _Glossary_; and, _Ferrarius de Re +Vestiaria_. The information on the subject, hence to be obtained, is +briefly epitomised in the appendix to Palmer's _Antiq. of the English +Liturgy_. Let J. Y. also look at Hawkins' _Hist. Music_, vol. ii. p. +432.; vol. iii. p. 71.; likewise at Bishop Challoner's _Garden of the +Soul_, pp. x. 123. (edit. 1824); and, if he have a full abundance of +leisure, with sufficient resolution to abandon it to an undertaking so +pregnant with instructiveness, let him too, by all means, "explore with +curious search" the controversial writings of the early periods of +Puritanism, on the sadly vexed question of the habits of the clergy, to +which he will find abundant reference in all our Anglican church +histories. + + COWGILL. + +_Continental Watchmen and their Songs_ (Vol. iv., p. 206.).-- + + THE MANNER OF WATCHMEN INTIMATING THE + TIME AT HERRNHUTH, GERMANY. + + Past eight o'clock! O Herrnhuth, do thou ponder: + Eight souls in Noah's ark were living yonder. + 'Tis nine o'clock: ye brethren, hear it striking; + Keep hearts and houses clean, to our Saviour's liking. + Now brethren, hear, the clock is ten and passing: + None rest but such as wait for Christ embracing. + Eleven is past! still at this hour of eleven, + The Lord is calling us from earth to heaven. + Ye, brethren, hear, the midnight clock is humming: + At midnight our great Bridegroom will be coming. + Past one o'clock! the day breaks out of darkness; + Great morning star appear, and break our hardness! + 'Tis two! on Jesus wait this silent season, + Ye two so near related, Will and Reason. + The clock is three! the blessed Three doth merit + The best of praise, from body, soul, and spirit. + 'Tis four o'clock, when three make supplication + The Lord will be the fourth on that occasion. + Five is the clock! five virgins were discarded, + When five with wedding garments were rewarded. + The clock is six, and I go off my station; + Now, brethren, _watch yourselves for your salvation_. + + F. B. RELTON. + +_Horology_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--H. C. K. inquires for the best +_scientific_ work on horology. In my searches after the history of time +keeping in all ages, I found none more useful than a little tract, the +production of a watchmaker, and to be had at 81. Fleet Street. The +_Mirror_ of 1824 contains some interesting notes on this subject. + + C. R. + + Paternoster Row. + +_The Aneroid Barometer_ (Vol. iv., p. 295.).--The intended signification +of this name, "aneroid," can of course be only determined by the person +who conferred it; upon any less direct authority the derivation quoted +from Mr. Dent's description can scarcely be received. The meaning of +[Greek: nros] is _moist_, rather than _fluid_; but even admitting the +latter signification, then the last syllable ought surely to be +referred, not to [Greek: eidos], but to its root [Greek: eid] (scio); +_perceivable without fluid_ being a much better characteristic than _a +form without fluid_. + +But taking into consideration the peculiar construction of this sort of +barometer, its flexible diaphragm supported from within against the +pressure of the atmosphere, may not its name have been derived from +[Greek: ana] (adversus), [Greek: ar] (aer), and [Greek: oidos] (tumor)? + + A. E. B. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The Chronological New Testament, in which the Text of the Authorised +Version is newly divided into Paragraphs and Sections, with the Dates +and Places of Transactions marked, the Marginal Renderings of the +Translators, many Parallel Illustrative Passages printed at length, +brief Introductions to each Book, and a Running Analysis of the +Epistles_, is another and most praiseworthy attempt "to make our +invaluable English version more intelligible to devout students of the +Word of God," by the various helps in arrangement and printing set forth +in the ample title-page which we have just transcribed. All such +endeavors to increase that "knowledge which maketh wise unto salvation" +carry within themselves the elements of success; and we shall be the +more glad to find that the present work meets with the patronage it +deserves, as we may then look for the Old Testament on the same plan. + +Those of our readers who remember the parallel which Bishop Ken drew +between himself and + + Bless'd Gregory, whose patriarchal height + Shed on the Eastern sphere celestial light, + +and who may desire to read the life of him whom that great ornament of +our Church chose for his model, will thank us for drawing their +attention to _Gregory of Nazianzum--a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical +History of the Fourth Century_, by Professor Ullman of Heidelberg, which +has just been translated by Mr. G. V. Cox. The translator has for the +present confined himself to that part of Dr. Ullman's volume which +relates to the life of Gregory, and is therefore more attractive to the +general reader; the dogmatic part, or the statements and examination of +Gregory's theological opinions, being for the present withheld. In this +we think Mr. Cox has done wisely, since we have no doubt that the +present volume will be read with great interest by many who will gladly +dwell upon the life and practice of this distinguished Father of the +Church, but who would be turned aside from its perusal, from their +unwillingness or inability to enter upon any such investigation as is +implied in the critical examination of Gregory's theological opinions. + +We have again to thank Dr. Latham for an important contribution towards +a proper knowledge of our own tongue; and it would be difficult to point +out a more successful combination of ethnological and philological +knowledge than is exhibited in his newly-published _Hand-book of the +English Language, for the Use of Students of the Universities and Higher +Classes of Schools_. We cannot of course enter into any analysis of a +work which is as replete with interest and amusement as it is with +instruction; but we may point out as peculiarly deserving of attention +the first part, which treats of the Germanic origin of the English +language; and the second, which treats of its history and analysis. We +are glad to see Dr. Latham's view of the Frisian share in the invasion +of this country. + +The commendations so universally bestowed upon Mr. Grant for the +research, accuracy, and picturesque interest displayed in his _Memorials +of the Castle of Edinburgh_, and his _Memoirs of Sir W. Kirkaldy of +Grange_, may be extended to him for his _Memoirs and Adventures of Sir +John Hepburn, Knight, Governor of Munich, Marshal of France under Louis +XIII., and Commander of the Scots Brigade under Gustavus Adolphus_. He +has on this, as on former occasions, the advantage of a new and +interesting subject; and by grouping round his hero--whose conduct and +bravery won for him the reputation of being esteemed the best of that +warlike age, next to Gustavus himself--all the great leaders in that +struggle for the liberties of Germany, the Thirty Years' War--he has +produced a volume which will be read with great interest, not only for +the picture it exhibits of the distinguished soldier of fortune who +forms its immediate subject, but also for its record of the services of +the Scottish troops who served in the German wars under Gustavus +Adolphus. + +_A Little Earnest Book upon a Great Old Subject_, in which Mr. Wilson +endeavors to pourtray the thoughts and feelings of the poet, will be +read with pleasure by all who agree with him that poetry rightly +understood is associated with everything that is eternal and just, true +and elevating, tender and loving. It is a little book of quaint and +pleasant thoughts, quaintly got up, and beautifully illustrated. + +Mr. Mitchell, of Bond Street, announces a beautifully illustrated work +on _The Parables of our Saviour_, to be engraved in the line manner by +the best artists from the designs of Franklin. + +The Sales of Books, &c., those heralds of the coming winter, are +beginning. Messrs. Puttick and Simpson commence this day a six days' +sale of valuable books removed from the country, including many curious +and rare works. On Monday Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will commence +their season by selling a portion of the valuable library of a gentleman +deceased, which will occupy them for four days; and on Monday and the +fifteen following days Messrs. Foster and Son will be engaged in the +disposal of that matchless series of examples of Medival Architecture, +and of other objects of decorative art, remarkable alike for their +beauty, rarity, and historical value, so long known as the _Cottingham +Museum_. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 30. +of Books Old and New; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List of +Miscellaneous English Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. (10_s._ 6_d._ will be paid for +a copy in good condition.) + +CARPENTER'S DEPUTY DIVINITY; a Discourse of Conscience. 12mo. 1657. + +A TRUE AND LIVELY REPRESENTATION OF POPERY, SHEWING THAT POPERY IS ONLY +NEW MODELLED PAGANISM, &c., 1679. 4to. + +ROBERT WILSON'S SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in +1825. + +JAMES WILSON'S ANNALS OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in 1850. + +BARRINGTON'S SKETCHES OF HIS OWN TIME. Vol. III. London, 1830. + +BRITISH POETS (CHALMERS', Vol. X.) London, 1810. + +CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS SON. Vol. III. London, 1774. + +CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY. Vol. LXXV. + +D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III. London, 1842. + +ERSKINE'S SPEECHES. Vol. II. London, 1810. + +HARE'S MISSION OF THE COMFORTER. Vol. I. London, 1846. + +HOPE'S ESSAY ON ARCHITECTURE. Vol. I. London, 1835. 2nd Edition. + +MULLER'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. II. (Library of Useful Knowledge, Vol. +XVII.) + +ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL) MEMOIRS. Vol. II. London, 1840. + +SCOTT'S (SIR W.) LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Vol. I. Edinburgh, 1837. 9 Vol. +Edition. + +SCOTT'S NOVELS. Vol. XXXVI. (Redgauntlet, II.); Vols. XLIV. XLV. (Ann of +Grerstein, I. & II.) 48 Vol. Edition. + +SMOLLETT'S WORKS. Vols. II. & IV. Edinburgh, 1800. 2nd Edition. + +SOUTHEY'S POETICAL WORKS. Vol. III. London, 1837. + +CRABBE'S WORKS. Vol. V. London, 1831. + +Four letters on several subjects to persons of quality, the fourth being +an answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's book, entitled POPERY, &c., by +Peter Walsh. 1686. 8vo. + +A CONFUTATION OF THE CHIEF DOCTRINES OF POPERY. A Sermon preached before +the King, 1678, by William Lloyd, D.D. 1679. 4to. + +A SERMON PREACHED AT ST. MARGARET'S, WESTMINSTER, BEFORE THE HOUSE OF +COMMONS, MAY 29, 1685, by W. Sherlock, D.D. 4to. London, 1685. + +POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735. + +ALMANACS, any for the year 1752. + +MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815. + +SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition, +1785. Vol. V. + +SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III. + +SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. V. VI. 8vo. + +JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or +more copies.) + +THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II. + +HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial +Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside, +Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in +continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th +Volume.) + +[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage +free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. +Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_Although we have this week again enlarged our Paper to 24 pages, we +have to apologise for the omission of many interesting articles._ DR. +LOTSKY'S "Panslavic Literature and the British Museum," _and the +communication of a Subscriber to the Anglo-Catholic Library on Bishop +Overall's_ Convocation Book, _shall appear next week. Where may we send +the latter a proof?_ + +C. (Jamaica) _will find the history of the line from Philip Gualtier's_ +"Alexandreis,"-- + + "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," + +_in our_ 2nd Vol. pp. 85. 136. 141. + +A LIVERPOOL CORRESPONDENT. _Yes, as many as he takes the box for. Neat +wines means pure wines._ + +W. F.'s _very valuable suggestion shall not be lost sight of._ + +GROTUS. _The Moonlight reply was in type for last Number, but omitted +from want of room. The parallel was a very fair one; but those to whom +it was not obvious might have misconstrued the allusion._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Grimsdyke--Pasquinade--Charles II. and Written +Sermons--Welwood Memoirs--Sheridan's MS. Drama--Execution at +Durham--Caxton Memorial--The Rev. 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The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + +_Errata._--In the article "_Panslavic_ Sketches," l. 2. for "late_nt_" +read "late_st_;" l. 6. for "T_i_ssalonichi" read "T_e_ssalonichi;" and +l. 9. for "historical" read "_ante-historical_." Page 313. col. 2. l. +46. for "repent_i_" read "repent_e_." + + + + +MISS STRICKLAND'S NEW SERIES OF ROYAL BIOGRAPHIES. + + LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, and English Princesses connected + with the Regal Succession of Great Britain. + + Two Volumes are published, containing the Lives of Margaret Tudor, + Magdaline of France, Mary of Lorraine, and Margaret Countess of + Lennox. + + Vol. III. will contain the first part of the Life of Mary Queen of + Scots. + + To be completed in 6 vols., price 10_s._ 6_d._ each, with + Portraits and Historical Vignettes. + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +CRABB'S TECHNICAL DICTIONARY. + + This day is published, in 1 vol. foolscap 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._ + extra cloth, with numerous woodcut illustrations, + + A TECHNICAL DICTIONARY; or, a Dictionary explaining all terms of + Art and Science. By GEORGE CRABB, Esq., M.A., Author of the + "Universal Technological Dictionary," "Dictionary of Synonymes," + &c. + + London: W. MAXWELL, 32. Bell Yard, Lincoln's Inn. + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND + + ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + + Founded A.D. 1812. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. 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Blanchard, F. + Joubert, E. Goodall, and H. Nusser. Fifty First-proof Copies will + be printed upon half-sheet imperial India paper in a Portfolio, + price Five Guineas. + + London: J. MITCHELL, Bookseller and Publisher to the Queen, Royal + Library, 33. Old Bond Street. + + +PROVENAL AND OLD FRENCH DIALECTS.--Honnorat, Dictionnaire Provenal et +Franais, 4 vols. 4to. Paris, 1847--49.; sd. 42_s._--OEuvres de Godolin, +in Languedocian and French, imp. 8vo. Toulouse, 1843, 772 pp. plates; +sd. 10_s._--Fallot, Recherches de la Langue Franaise et de ses +Dialectes au XIII. Sicle, royal 8vo. 600 pp. Paris, 1830. sd. +9_s._--Jubinal, Nouveau Recueil de Contes, Dits, Fabliaux des XIII. XIV. +et XV. Sicles, 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1839. sd. 9_s._--Rothe, Les Romans +du Renard, 8vo. Paris, 1845. 524 pp. sd. 7_s._ 6_d._ + + Catalogues of Cheap and Rare Books in all the Languages and + Dialects of Europe and Asia, published Monthly, and sent out + Gratis. + + BERNARD QUARITCH, Second-hand Foreign Bookseller, 16. Castle + Street, Leicester Square. + + +ARCHITECTURAL PUBLICATION SOCIETY. + + PART II., for the Year 1850-51, is now ready for delivery. + + The Committee, being prepared to commence the publication of the + "Cyclopdia of Architecture," invite the attention of the Members + and the Profession to the LIST OF TERMS already issued, and + request their co-operation by the contribution of Drawings and + Text for subjects contained in that list under the letter A. + + Communications as to terms, &c. to be addressed to the Honorary + Secretary, MR. WYATT PAPWORTH, 14A, Great Marlborough Street. + + London, 24th October, 1851. + + +Vols. I. and II. now ready. + + Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6_s._ + each. + + GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES. + + A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in + One Shilling Books each containing a complete Story. + + Vol. I. Price 6_s._ + + Tale I. PORTIA; THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT. + Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER. + Tale III. HELENA; THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN. + Tale IV. DESDEMONA; THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD. + Tale V. MEG AND ALICE; THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR. + + Vol. II. Price 6_s._ + + Tale VI. ISABELLA; THE VOTARESS. + Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA; THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE. + Tale VIII. OPHELIA; THE ROSE OF ELSINORE. + Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA; THE FRIENDS. + Tale X. JULIET; THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA. + + Vol. III. (In progress.) + + Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO; THE COUSINS. + Tale XII. OLIVIA; THE LADY OF ILLYRIA. + + SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court. + + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + + September, 1851. J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + +EVERY READER OF NOTES AND QUERIES should possess a Copy of TODD'S INDEX +RERUM, decidedly the best Common-place Book extant, for recording Facts +and Data. It is far easier, simpler, and more useful than LOCKE'S, and +has been highly recommended by the most eminent scholars and literary +men. A recent Edition, Revised, in royal 8vo., strongly half-bound, +price 5_s._ 6_d._, has been published by RICHARD JAMES KENNETT, 14. York +Street, Covent Garden; and can be had of all Booksellers, by order. + + [Star symbol] Sent free to any part of the Kingdom for 6_s._, by + addressing a Post Office order or stamps as above. + + +MESSRS. PUTTICK and SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES +of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st. In addressing +Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of Libraries, and +collections (however limited or extensive) of Manuscripts, Autographs, +Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments, Objects of Art and Virtu, +and Works connected with Literature, and the Arts generally, they would +suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and surest method of obtaining +their full value; and conceive that the central situation of their +premises, 191. Piccadilly (near St. James's Church), their extensive +connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their prompt +settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will not be +unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of Books +or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales with +property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages to +the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection. + + [Star symbol] Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the + Probate or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale. + + Valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, Esq., including a + well-known and very important Picture by Murillo. + + PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will sell + by Auction at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, + November 12, the valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, + Esq., of the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very + important MSS. relating to Mint affairs, Royal and other + Autographs (47 of Sir Isaac Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic + Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard in 1758, a most + important series of Weights, including the original and unique + Troy Pound, the collection of Coins, Medals in gold, silver, and + bronze, in the finest condition, many being patterns and + proofs.--Catalogues will be sent on application: if in the + country, on receipt of four stamps. + + +ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with + Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public + Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for + Memoranda: A list of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the + Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses; + Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars + respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with + Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars + of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities, + &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of + Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions + to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful + to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s._, or 5_s._ as a pocket-book + with tuck. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will + contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an + Almanack for Family Use, a List of the Universities of the United + Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the + various Colleges connected with the Church of England, Roman + Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete + List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of + the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is + added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of + Council on Education, and the various Training Institutions for + Teachers; compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six + pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; + Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat + wrapper. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO. TEA MERCHANTS, + + No. 8. King William Street, City, London. + + +In 2 vols. imperial 8vo., price 4_l._ 10_s._ Illustrated by upwards of +2000 Engravings on Wood. + + THE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY, English, Technological, and Scientific; + adapted to the present State of Literature, Science, and Art, on + the Basis of "Webster's English Dictionary;" with the Addition of + many Thousand Words and Phrases from the other Standard + Dictionaries and Encyclopdias, and from numerous other sources; + comprising all Words purely English, and the principal and most + generally used Technical and Scientific Terms, together with their + Etymologies, and their Pronunciation, according to the best + authorities. + + CHARACTER OF THE WORK. + + This work is admitted to be superior to any Dictionary hitherto + offered to the public. See opinions in Prospectus from Rev. James + Robertson, D.D., Professor of Divinity and Ecclesiastical History, + University of Edinburgh; Rev. Philip Killand, M.A., Professor of + Mathematics, University of Edinburgh; Rev. John Fleming, D.D., + Professor of Natural Science, New College, Edinburgh; Rev. Thomas + Luby, Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; James Thomson, + LL.D., Professor of Mathematics, University of Glasgow. + + BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London. + + +Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9_s._; Morocco elegant, 11_s._ + + BOOK OF SCOTTISH SONG; a Collection of the Best and most approved + Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern; with Critical and + Historical Notices regarding them and their Authors, and an Essay + on Scottish Song. With engraved Frontispiece and Title. + + "The neatest and most comprehensive collection of Scottish + minstrelsy, ancient and modern."--_Edinburgh Advertiser._ + + +Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9_s._; Morocco elegant, 11_s._ + + BOOK OF SCOTTISH BALLADS; a Comprehensive Collection of the + Ballads of Scotland, with numerous Illustrative Notes, by the + Editor of "The Book of Scottish Song." With engraved Frontispiece + and Title. + + "A rich and valuable collection--accompanied by critical and + bibliographical illustrations which add largely to the interest of + the volume."--_John Bull._ + + BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London. + + +BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + VASARI'S LIVES of the PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, and ARCHITECTS, + translated by MRS. FOSTER. Vol. 4. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + Of this work the Westminster and Foreign Quarterly says, "The + enthralling Biographies of Vasari--biographies which from their + peculiar diversity and fascination have caused the late + unfortunate Haydon to exclaim with enthusiasm, 'If I were confined + to three books, in a desert island, I would certainly choose the + Bible, Shakespeare, and Vasari.'" + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + LUCRETIUS, literally translated into English Prose, with Notes, by + the Rev. J. S. WATSON; to which is adjoined the Metrical Version + of JOHN MASON GOOD. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + DR. MANTELL'S PETRIFACTIONS and their TEACHINGS; an illustrated + Hand-book to the Fossils in the BRITISH MUSEUM, numerous beautiful + Wood Engravings. Post 8vo. 6_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + REDDING'S HISTORY and DESCRIPTION of WINES. New and revised + Edition, with 20 beautiful Woodcuts, and Frontispiece engraved on + steel. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +Cloth, One Shilling, pp. 160. + + WELSH SKETCHES, chiefly ECCLESIASTICAL, to the Close of the + Twelfth Century. By the Author of "Proposals for Christian Union, + &c." + + CONTENTS:--1. Bardism. 2. The Kings of Wales. 3. The Welsh Church. + 4. Monastic Institutions. 5. Giraldus Cambrensis. + + JAMES DARLING, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + +NEW WORKS, + + PUBLISHED BY + + TAYLOR, WALTON, AND MABERLY. + + BUFF'S LETTERS ON THE PHYSICS OF THE EARTH, By Dr. A. W. HOFMANN. + Foolscap 8vo, 5_s._ cloth. + + LARDNER ON THE STEAM ENGINE, STEAM NAVIGATION, ROADS AND RAILWAYS. + New and Cheap Edition. Large 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + LATHAM'S HANDBOOK OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ + cloth. + + LARDNER'S HANDBOOK OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY. First + Course. Large 12mo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + LIEBIG'S FAMILIAR LETTERS ON CHEMISTRY. New and Cheap Edition. + With additional Letters. One Volume. fcap. 8vo. 6_s._ cloth. + + DE MORGAN'S BOOK OF ALMANACKS: with Index, by which the Almanack + belonging to any year preceding A.D. 2000 can be found; with means + of finding New and Full Moons from B.C. 2000 to A.D. 2000. Oblong + 8vo. 5_s._ cloth. + + DR. GREGORY'S LETTERS TO A CANDID ENQUIRER ON ANIMAL MAGNETISM. + 12mo. 9_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES OF WORKS in SCIENCE AND GENERAL LITERATURE, + and of SCHOOL and COLLEGE BOOKS, published by TAYLOR, WALTON, and + MABERLY. 4to. By post (free) to anyone writing for them. + + London: 28. Upper Gower Street, and 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. + + +The late MR. COTTINGHAM'S Museum of Medival Art. + + MESSRS. FOSTER & SON are directed by the Executors of the Late L. + N. Cottingham, Esq., F.S.A., to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, + 43. Waterloo-bridge Road, on MONDAY, November 3, and about 15 + following days (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the COTTINGHAM + MUSEUM; comprising a most ample and varied Series of Examples of + Medival Architecture, of the Anglo-Norman, early English, + decorated, perpendicular, and Elizabethan periods; also + Fac-similes of some of the finest Monuments of the 13th, 14th, and + 15th Centuries. In Furniture, Metal Work, Stained Glass, and + various other Departments of Decorative Art, this Collection is + rich in objects remarkable for their Beauty, Rarity, and Historic + Value. + + Illustrated Catalogues, at 1_s._ each, may be had of MESSRS. + FOSTER, 54. Pall Mall, 14 days before the Sale. The view will be + on and after the 27th of October. + + +On 1st November, price 2_s._ + + NO. LXXI. OF THE ECCLESIASTIC. + + Contents: + + 1. ELEMENTARY THEOLOGY--WESTCOTT AND CHRETIEN. + 2. BIRK'S LIFE OF BICKERSTETH. + 3. ERASTIANISM. + 4. ANTICHRIST, AND THE BABYLON OF THE APOCALYPSE. + 5. SYNODICAL ACTION. + + Reviews and Notices. + + London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street and New Bond Street. + + +This day, No. 13., Imperial 4to. price 2_s._ 6_d._, (continued monthly), + + DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, + + Measured and drawn from existing examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect. + + Contents: + + E.E. Exterior of Clerestory, West Walton Church, Norfolk, + " South Porch ditto ditto. + " Plan and Details ditto ditto. + DEC. Window from St. Stephen's Church, near Canterbury. + " Parclose Screen, Geddington Church, Northamptonshire. + PER. Lectern from Hawstead Church, Suffolk. + + London: DAVID BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 1. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +105, November 1, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39076-8.txt or 39076-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/0/7/39076/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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} +.toc { margin-left: 5%;margin-right: 15%;margin-top: 1.5%;margin-bottom: 3%;text-align: left; } +.topnum { font-size:x-small;vertical-align:text-top; } + +</style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, +November 1, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, November 1, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: March 7, 2012 [EBook #39076] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<h1> +<span id="idno">Vol. IV.—No. 105.</span> + +<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span> + +<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span> + +<span id="id2"> FOR</span> +<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span> + +</h1> + +<div class="center1"> +<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. IV.—No. 105.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, N<span class="smcap lowercase">OVEMBER</span> 1. 1851.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller"> Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4<i>d.</i></p> + + +<div class="tnbox1"> +<p class="noindent"> Some <a title="Go to Latin text" href="#original">Latin scribal abbreviations</a> +in this text can be tentatively <i>expanded</i>: dimid' seems to be short for <i>dimidio</i>, ann' for <i>anno</i>, Ds for <i>Dominus</i>, Di for <i>Domini</i>, Do for <i>Domino</i>, + p' for <i>pro</i>, p'misit for <i>promisit</i>, 'p for <i>pre</i>, and q' for <i>que</i>. +Greek letters have been retained as printed. The spelling of <span title="[Greek: nomesthai]">νόμεσθαι</span>, as taken over from + <a href="#Stolbergius">Stolbergius</a>, seems to be a typographical error for +<span title="[Greek: nemesthai]">νέμεσθαι</span>.</p> +</div> + + +<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2> + + + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5"> The Claims of Literature <a title="Go to page 337" href="#notes337">337</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:— </p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5"> Daniel Defoe and the "Mercator," by James Crossley <a title="Go to page 338" href="#Page_338">338</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Punishment of Edward Prince of Wales, by King + Edward I., for Disrespect to a Judge, by William + Sidney Gibson <a title="Go to page 338" href="#Page_338">338</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Notes +on the Word: "<span title="[Greek: Adelphos]">Αδελφος</span>," by + T. R. Brown <a title="Go to page 339" href="#Page_339">339</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Lambert, the "Arch-Rebell," by Richard John King <a title="Go to page 339" href="#Page_339">339</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney <a title="Go to page 340" href="#Page_340">340</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Minor Notes:—A Hint to Catalogue Makers—Virgil + and Goldsmith—Mental Almanac—Merlin and the + Electric Telegraph <a title="Go to page 340" href="#Page_340">340</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Bishop Bramhall and Milton <a title="Go to page 341" href="#Page_341">341</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">The Sempills of Beltrus: Robert Sempill <a title="Go to page 343" href="#Page_343">343</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Descendants of John of Gaunt <a title="Go to page 343" href="#Page_343">343</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Minor Queries:—Rocky Chasm near Gata: Earthquake + at the Crucifixion—Cavalcade—A Sept of + Hibernians—Yankee Doodle—Seventeenth of November: + Custom—Chatter-box—Printing in 1449, + and Shakspeare—Texts before Sermons—Paradyse, + Hell, Purgatory—Dead Letter—Dominus Bathurst, + &c.—Grammar Schools—Fermilodum—Lord + Hungerford—Consecration + of Bishops in Sweden <a title="Go to page 343" href="#Page_343">343</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span> + Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> + A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:—Effigy of a Pilgrim—"Modern + Universal History"—Origin of Evil—Nolo + Episcopari—Authors of the Homilies—Family of + Hotham of Yorkshire—Vogelweide—Meaning of + Skeatta <a title="Go to page 345" href="#Page_345">345</a></p> +</div> + +<p class="larger"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5"> Marriage of Ecclesiastics, by Henry Walter, &c. <a title="Go to page 346" href="#Page_346">346</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Lord Strafford and Archbishop Ussher <a title="Go to page 349" href="#Page_349">349</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Sculptured Stones in the North of Scotland <a title="Go to page 350" href="#Page_350">350</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Anagrams <a title="Go to page 350" href="#Page_350">350</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">The Locusts of the New Testament <a title="Go to page 351" href="#Page_351">351</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">The Soul's Errand, by Dr. Edward F. Rimbault <a title="Go to page 353" href="#Page_353">353</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">The Two Drs. Abercrombie <a title="Go to page 353" href="#Page_353">353</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5">Replies to Minor Queries:—Dacre Monument at + Hurstmonceux—Book-plates—Sermon of Bishop Jeremy + Taylor—Moonlight—Flatman and Pope—Berlin + Time—Ruined Churches—Italian Writer on Political + Economy—Death of Carli, &c. <a title="Go to page 354" href="#Page_354">354</a></p> +</div> + + <p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + + <p class="indh i5">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. <a title="Go to page 357" href="#Page_357">357</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Books and Odd Volumes wanted <a title="Go to page 357" href="#Page_357">357</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Notices to Correspondents <a title="Go to page 358" href="#Page_358">358</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Advertisements <a title="Go to page 358" href="#Page_358">358</a> +<span class="pagenum">[337]</span><a id="notes337"></a> </p> + +<p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" href="#pageslist1" class="fnanchor">List + of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a></p> + +</div> + + + +<h3> +<span>THE CLAIMS OF LITERATURE.</span> +</h3> + + +<p>This day two years, on presenting to the public, and to the Literary Men +of England the first number of N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>, as "a medium by which +much valuable information might become a sort of common property among +those who can appreciate and use it," we ventured to say, "We do not +anticipate any holding back by those whose 'Notes' are most worth +having, or any want of 'Queries' from those best able to answer them. +Whatever may be the case in other things, it is certain that those who +are best informed are generally the most ready to communicate knowledge +and to confess ignorance, to feel the value of such a work as we are +attempting, and to understand that, if it is to be well done, they might +help to do it. Some cheap and frequent means for the interchange of +thought is certainly wanted by those who are engaged in Literature, Art, +and Science; and we only hope to persuade the best men in all, that we +offer them the best medium of communication with each other."</p> + +<p>How fully these anticipations have been realised, how all the "best men" +<i>have</i> come forward, we acknowledge with feelings of gratitude and +pride. May we now hope that, in thus forming one fresh bond of union +among the lovers and professors of Literature in this country, we have +contributed towards a recognition of Literature as an honorable +profession, and hastened the time when the claims of Literature, +Science, and Art to some of those honorary distinctions hitherto +exclusively conferred upon the Naval, Military, or Civil Servants of the +Crown, will be admitted and acted upon. For as we hold with Chaucer:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"That he is gentil who doth gentil dedes;"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">so we would have those men especially honoured, whose "gentil dedes" in +Literature, Science, and Art tend to elevate the minds, and thereby +promote the happiness of their fellow-men.</p> + +<p>That gallant gentleman, Captain Sword, whose good services we readily +acknowledge, has hitherto monopolized all the honours which the +sovereign has thought proper to distribute. We would fain see good +Master Pen now take his fair share of them;<a id="them1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 1." href="#fn1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> and the present moment, +when Peace has just celebrated her Jubilee in the presence of admiring +millions, is surely the fittest moment that could be selected for the +establishment of some Order (call it of Victoria, or Civil Merit, or +what you will) to honour those followers of the Arts of Peace to whose +genius, learning, and skill the great<a id="Page_338"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[338]</span> event of the year 1851 owes +its brilliant conception, its happy execution, its triumphant success.</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#them1" class="label">[1]</a>We + are glad to find that the views we have here advocated, +have the support of the leading journal of Europe. Vide <i>The Times</i> of +Wednesday last.</p> + +<p>The reign of the Illustrious Lady who now fills with so much dignity the +Throne of these Realms, has happily been pre-eminently distinguished +(and long may it be so!) by all unexampled progress made in all the Arts +of Peace. Her Majesty has been pre-eminently a Patron of all such Arts. +How graceful then, on the part of Her Majesty, would be the immediate +institution of an Order of Civil Merit! How gratifying to those +accomplished and worthy men on whom Her Majesty might be pleased to +confer it!</p> + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Notes.</span> +</h2> + + +<h3> +<span>DANIEL DEFOE AND THE "MERCATOR."</span> +</h3> + + +<p>Wilson, in his <i>Life of Defoe</i>, vol. iii. p. 334., gives an account from +Tindal, Oldmixon, Boyer, and Chalmers, of the <i>Mercator</i> and its +antagonist, the <i>British Merchant</i>. He commences by observing that Defoe +"had but little to do with this work" (the <i>Mercator</i>), and quotes +Chalmers, who seems totally to mistake the passage in Defoe's <i>Appeal to +Honour and Justice</i>, pp. 47-50., in which the <i>Mercator</i> is mentioned, +and to consider it as a denial on his part of having had any share in +the work. Defoe's words are—</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"What part I had in the <i>Mercator</i> is well known, and would men + answer with argument and not with personal abuse, I would at any + time defend any part of the <i>Mercator</i> which was of my writing. + But to say the <i>Mercator</i> is mine is false. I never was the + author of it, nor had the property, printing, or profit of it. I + had never any payment or reward for writing any part of it, nor + had I the power of putting what I would into it, yet the whole + clamour fell upon me."</p> + +<p class="noindent">Defoe evidently means only to deny that he was the originator and +proprietor of the <i>Mercator</i>, not that he was not the principal writer +in it. The <i>Mercator</i> was a government paper set on foot by Harley to +support the proposed measure of the Treaty of Commerce with France; and +the <i>Review</i>, which Defoe had so long and so ably conducted, being +brought to a close in the beginning of May, 1713, he was retained to +follow up the opinions he had maintained in the <i>Review</i> as to the +treaty in this new periodical. He had not the control of the work +undoubtedly, otherwise, cautiously abstaining as he does himself from +all personal attacks upon his opponents, the remarks on Henry Martin +would not have appeared, which led to a severe and very unjust +retaliation in the <i>British Merchant</i>, in which Defoe's misfortunes are +unfeelingly introduced. There cannot, however, be the slightest doubt to +any one at all acquainted with Defoe's style, or who compares the +<i>Mercator</i> with the commercial articles in the Review, that the whole of +the <i>Mercator</i>, except such portion as appears in the shape of letters, +and which constitutes only a small part of the work, was written by +Defoe. The principal of these letters were probably written by William +Brown.</p> + +<p>The excessive rarity of the <i>Mercator</i>, which Wilson could never obtain, +and of which probably very few copies exist, has rendered it the least +known of Defoe's publications. Even Mr. M'Culloch, from the mode in +which he speaks of it (<i>Literature of Political Economy</i>, p. 142.), +would appear not to have seen it. And therefore, whilst the <i>British +Merchant</i>, "the shallow sophisms and misstatements" of which we now +treat with contempt, is one of the most common of commercial books, +having gone through at least three editions, besides the original folio, +the <i>Mercator</i>, replete as it is with the vigour, the life and +animation, the various and felicitous power of illustration, which this +great and truly English author could impart to any subject, still exists +only in probably four or five copies of the original folio numbers. How +many of the advocates for free trade are acquainted with a production in +which one of the most gifted minds that the country ever produced, +exerts his delightful powers and most effectual "unadorned eloquence" in +the support of their favourite doctrine?</p> + +<p>I do not see any copy of the <i>Mercator</i> noticed in the printed catalogue +of the British Museum. I owe my own to the kindness of + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY</span>, who allowed me to possess it, having purchased it, I believe, at +Mr. Heber's sale.</p> + + + <p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AS.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span>.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>PUNISHMENT OF EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES, BY +KING EDWARD I., FOR DISRESPECT TO A JUDGE.</span> +</h3> + + +<p>M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span> has lately shown, in his valuable lives of <i>The Judges of +England</i>, that historical accuracy has been sacrificed in representing +Henry V., on his accession, to have re-invested Sir William Gascoigne +with "the balance and the sword." Lord Campbell, warned that +chroniclers, historians, moralists, and poets had, without historical +warrant, taken for true the story which Shakspeare has made so familiar +to us, has, in his <i>Lives of the Chief Justices</i>, examined the evidence +for attributing to the young king the act of magnanimity, and has +affirmed (vol. i. p. 131.) not only that Sir William committed the +prince, but that he actually filled the office of Chief Justice under +him when he became Henry V. The noble and learned lord has been at some +pains to authenticate the story of the commital of the prince, and has +shown that there is no sufficient reason for disbelieving that the +dauntless judge did make "princely power submit" to justice; and he has +brought forward also the probable sources of Shakspeare's information. +But these are silent as to the reinstatement of the illustrious judge; +and <a id="Page_339"></a> <span class="pagenum">[339]</span> + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span> has established that the young king lost no time in +dispensing with the "well-practised wise directions" of Sir William +Gascoigne. One is really sorry to be obliged to relinquish belief in the +historical foundation of the scene to which Shakspeare has given such +fine dramatic effect in his noble lines. My object, however, in now +writing is to point out a circumstance in some respects parallel, which +occurred in the reign of Edward I. In looking thorough the <i>Abbreviatio +Placitorum</i> to-day, I find the record of a judgment in Michaelmas Term, +33 Edw. I. (1305), in which a curious illustration is given of the +character of that sovereign; for it appears that Edward Prince of Wales +having spoken words insulting to one of the king's ministers (when and +to whom I wish I could ascertain), the monarch himself firmly vindicated +the respect due to the royal dignity in the person of its servants, by +banishing the prince from his house and presence for a considerable +time. This anecdote occurs in the record of a complaint made to the king +in council, by Roger de Hecham (in Madox the name occurs as Hegham or +Heigham), a Baron of the Exchequer, of gross and upbraiding language +having been contemptuously addressed to him by William de Brewes, +because of his judgment in favour of the delinquent's adversary. The +record recites that such contempt and disrespect towards as well the +king's ministers as himself or his courts are very odious to the king, +and proceeds—— but I will give the original:</p> + + +<p class="center"> +<img src="images/image01.jpg" width="400" height="242" alt="Que quidem (videlicet)" /> + <a id="original"></a></p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "Que quidem (videlicet) contemptus et inobediencia tam ministris + ipsius Domini Regi quam sibi ipsi aut cur' su facta ipsi Regi + valde sunt odiosa, et hoc expresse nuper apparuit idem Ds Rex + filium suum primogenitum et carissimum Edwardum Principem Walli + p' eo quod quedam verba grossa et acerba cuidam ministro suo + dixerat ab hospicio suo fere p' dimid' ann' amovit, nec ipsum + filium suum in conspectu suo venire p'misit quousq' dicto + ministro de 'pdicta transgress' satisfecerat. Et quia sicut + honor et reverencia qui ministris ipsius Di Regi ratione officii + sui fiunt ipsi Regi attribuuntur sic dedecus et contemptus + ministris suis facta eidem Do Regi inferuntur."</p> + + +<p>And accordingly the said Edward was adjudged to go in full court in +Westminster Hall, and ask pardon of the judge whom he had insulted; and +for the contempt done to the king and his court was then to stand +committed to the Tower, there to remain during the king's pleasure. +(<i>Abb. Plac.</i> lib. impres. p. 257.)</p> + +<p>Roger de Hegham occurs as a Baron of the Exchequer in 26 Edw. I., and +died 2 Edw. II. (Madox, ii. 58.)</p> + + + <p class="right"> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">IDNEY</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">IBSON.</span></p> + + <p class="left">Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span title="[Greek: Adelphos]">NOTE ON THE +WORD "Αδελφος."</span> +</h3> + + +<p>I have attempted to ascertain the <i>primary</i> signification of the word +"<span title="[Greek: adelphos]">αδελφος</span>," for the purpose of laying down a rule for its right +interpretation in the sacred scriptures. If I have succeeded, we may be +enabled to understand rightly one or two disputed passages in the New +Testament, of which I hope to treat in a subsequent number.</p> + +<p>Thus says Scapula on the word:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "<span title="[Greek: Adelphos]">Αδελφος</span>, +frater propri, frater uterinus; fit enim a + dictione <span title="[Greek: delphys]">δελφυς</span>, uterus; + et <span title="[Greek: a]">α</span> significante + <span title="[Greek: homou]">ομου</span>, +pro <span title="[Greek: homodelphos]">ομοδελφος</span>."</p> + + +<p class="noindent">His etymology, as far as it goes, is quite correct: but still, we must +trace its different parts up to the fountain-head, in order to +understand the word aright. Let us then first take away its prefix +<span title="[Greek: a]">α</span>, and its constructive affix +<span title="[Greek: os]">ος</span>, and the remaining +<span title="[Greek: delph]">δελφ</span> will be found to be a compound word, derived from the +Sanscrit language, proving its identity therewith by means of the +intermediate Semitic dialects.</p> + +<p>Chaldee <i>dul</i>, situla, urna, <i>a vessel</i> for holding liquor. Arabic +<i>dal</i>, a fat <i>woman</i>. These primary steps lead us to a passage in Isaiah +li. 1., "the <i>hole</i> of the <i>pit</i>:" where the <i>idea</i> (not the word) is +contained, and forms a connecting link between the Chaldee and Sanscrit; +where, by taking <i>t</i> for <i>d</i> (a letter of the same organ), we have +Sanscrit <i>tal</i>, a <i>hole</i>, <i>pit</i>, cause, origin, &c.; <i>talla</i>, a young +woman, <i>reservoir</i>, <i>pit</i>, &c.; Greek (from the Syriac) +<span title="[Greek: talitha]">ταλιθα</span>, a damsel, Mark v. 41.; and by + affixing the Sanscrit <i>pha</i>, or +<i>pa</i>, <i>fruitfulness</i>, nourishment, drink, &c., we get <i>talpa</i>, a wife, +bed, &c. Hebrew <i>dalaph</i>, stillavit. Syriac <i>dalpha</i>, conjunctio +venerea. Delilah, a proper name, Judges xvi. 4. We thus ascertain that +<span title="[Greek: del-ph]">δελ-φ</span> relates to the fruit or fruitfulness, &c. of the womb: +and by putting the constructive affix +<span title="[Greek: ys]">υς</span> = the Sanscrit <i>as</i> or +<i>us</i>, we have +<span title="[Greek: delphys]">δελφυς</span>, uterus, &c.</p> + +<p>We now come to the most important part of the compound +<span title="[Greek: adelphos]">αδελφος</span>, viz. + the Sanscrit <span title="[Sanscrit [=a]]">ā</span> = +<span title="[Greek: homou]">ομου</span>, simul, at the same +time; and we find that this <span title="[Sanscrit [=a]]">ā</span> refers us to "a limit conclusive" (to +<i>that</i> place, to that time), and also to a "limit inceptive" (<i>from</i> +<span class="smcap lowercase">THAT</span> <i>place</i>, from that time); consequently, the <i>primary</i> meaning of +<span title="[Greek: a-del-ph-os]">α-δελ-φ-ος</span>, is what Scapula has defined it to be, "frater +uterinus," a brother <i>to</i>, or <i>from the</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">SAME</span> <i>womb</i>.</p> + +<p>My deduction from hence is, that where the context, or history, does +<i>not</i> point us to a more general sense of the word, <i>i.e.</i> to relatives +such as cousins, or to the whole <i>human</i> race adopting the same term; +<i>correct</i> criticism seems to demand the signification of the word in its +<i>primary</i> meaning.</p> + + + <p class="right"> T. R. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ROWN.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>LAMBERT, THE "ARCH-REBELL."</span> +</h3> + +<p>Mr. Hallam (<i>Const. Hist.</i>, vol. ii. p. 26. ed. 1850), after some +remarks on the execution of Vane, who was brought to trial together with +Lambert in 1661, asserts that the latter, "whose submissive<a id="Page_340"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[340]</span> behaviour had furnished a contrast with that of Vane, was sent to +Guernsey, and remained a prisoner for thirty years." Mr. Hallam does not +quote his authority for this statement, which I also find in the older +biographical dictionaries. There exists, however, in the library of the +Plymouth Athenum, a MS. record which apparently contradicts it. This is +a volume called <i>Plimmouth Memoirs, collected by James Yonge</i>, 1684. It +contains "a Catalogue of all the Mayors, together with the memorable +occurrences in their respective years," beginning in 1440. Yonge himself +lived in Plymouth, and the later entries are therefore made from his own +knowledge. There are two concerning Lambert:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">"1667. <i>Lambert, the arch-rebell, brought prisoner to this + Iland."</i></p> + + +<p class="noindent">[The Island of St. Nicholas at the entrance of the harbour, fortified +from a very early period.]</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "1683, Easter day. My Lord Dartmouth arrived in Plimm<span class="topnum">o</span>. from + Tangier. In March, Sir G. Jeffry, the famously [Query, + <i>infamously</i>] loyal Lord Chief Justice, came hither from + Launceston assize: lay at the Mayor's: viewed y<span class="topnum">e</span> citadells, + M<span class="topnum">t</span>. Edgecumbe, &c.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The winter of this yeare proved very seveare. East wind, frost, + and snow, continued three moneths: so that ships were starved in + the mouth of the channell, and almost all the cattel famisht. + Y<span class="topnum">e</span> fish left y<span class="topnum">e</span> coast almost 5 moneths. All provisions + excessive deare; and had we not had a frequent supply from y<span class="topnum">e</span> + East, corne would have been at 30<span class="topnum">s</span>. per bushell,—above + 130,000 bushells being imported hither, besides what went to + Dartm<span class="topnum">o</span>., Fowy, &c.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "The Thames was frozen up some moneths, so that it became a small + citty, with boothes, coffee houses, taverns, glasse houses, + printing, bull-baiting, shops of all sorts, and whole streetes + made on it. The birdes of the aire died numerously. <i>Lambert, + that olde rebell, dyed this winter on Plimm<span class="topnum">o</span>. Island, where he + had been prisoner 15 years and mo.</i>"</p> + + +<p>The trial of Lambert took place in 1661. He may have been sent at first +to Guernsey, but could only have remained there until removed in 1667 to +Plymouth. His imprisonment altogether lasted twenty-one years.</p> + +<p>Lambert's removal to Plymouth has, I believe, been hitherto unnoticed. +Probably it was thought a safer (and certainly, if he were confined in +the little island of St. Nicholas, it was a severer) prison than +Guernsey.</p> + + + <p class="right"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ICHARD</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING.</span></p> + + + +<h3> +<span>THE CAXTON COFFER.</span> +</h3> + +<p>An opinion prevails that biographers who lived nearest the times of the +individuals whom they commemorate are most entitled to belief, as having +at command the best sources of information. To this rule, however, there +are numerous exceptions; for time, which casts some facts into oblivion, +also produces fresh materials for historians and biographers.</p> + +<p>It is certainly advisable to <i>consult</i> the earliest memoir of an +individual in whose fate we take an interest, and even each successive +memoir, in order that we may trace the more important historical +particulars, and such critical opinions as seem to require discussion, +to their true source. The result of some comparisons of this +description, on former occasions, has almost led me to consider +biographers as mere copyists—or, at the best, artists in patch-work. I +shall now compare, on one point, the earlier biographers of Caxton:—</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">"Gvilhelmus Caxton, Anglus—habitavit interim in Flandria 30 + annis cum domina Margareta Burgundi ducissa regis Edwardi + sorore."—Joannes B<span class="smcap lowercase">ALE</span>, 1559.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Gvilhelmvs Caxtonus, natione Anglus. Vir pius, doctus, etc. In + Flandria quidem triginta annis vixit cum Margareta Burgundi + duce, regis Edwardi quarti sorore."—Joannes P<span class="smcap lowercase">ITSEUS</span>, 1619.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "William Caxton, born in that town [sc. Caxton!]. He had most of + his <i>education</i> beyond the seas, living 30 years in the court of + Margaret dutchesse of Burgundy, sister to king Edward the Fourth, + whence I conclude him an Anti-Lancastrian in his + affection."—Thomas F<span class="smcap lowercase">ULLER</span>, 1662.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"William Caxton—was a menial servant, for thirty years together, + to Margaret dutchess of Burgundy, sister to our king Edward IV., + in Flanders."—William N<span class="smcap lowercase">ICOLSON</span>, 1714.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Gulielmus Caxton natus in sylvestri regione Cantiae; in + Flandria, Brabantia, Hollandia, Zelandia xxx annis cum domina + Margareta, Burgundiae ducissa, regis Edwardi IV. sorore + vixit."—Thomas T<span class="smcap lowercase">ANNERUS</span>, 1748.</p> + + +<p>Now, according to Fabian, Stow, and others, Margaret of York was married +to Charles duke of Burgundy in 1468; and if Caxton did not return to +England about the year 1471, as Stow asserts, he was certainly +established at Westminster in 1477. The <i>thirty</i> years of the learned +writers must therefore be reduced to less than <i>ten</i> years!</p> + +<p>The discrepancy between these writers, on another important point, is +not less remarkable than their agreement in error, as above-described. +Pits says Caxton flourished in 1483; Fuller, that he died in 1486; and +Tanner, that he <i>flourished</i> about 1483, and <i>died</i> in 1491. Shakspere +died in 1616: in what year did he flourish?</p> + + + <p class="right">B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY.</span></p> + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span> +</h3> + + +<h4> +<span><i>A Hint to Catalogue Makers.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Among the many excellent schemes proposed +for the arrangement and diffusion of common means of information, one +simple one appears to have been passed over by your many and excellent +correspondents. I will briefly illustrate an existing deficiency by an +example.<a id="Page_341"></a> <span class="pagenum">[341]</span></p> + +<p>While collecting materials for a projected critical commentary on the +<i>Timus</i> of Plato, I was surprised to find the commentary of +<i>Chalcidius</i> wholly wanting in our library at Christ Church. +Subsequently (when I did not want it, having secured a better edition at +the end of Fabricius' <i>Hippolytus</i>) I discovered a fine copy of Badius +Ascensius' editio princeps, bound up with Aulus Gellius and Macrobius, +but utterly ignored in the Christ Church catalogue.</p> + +<p>This instance shows the necessity of carefully examining the <i>insides</i> +of books, as well as the backs and title-pages, during the operation of +cataloguing. Our public libraries are rich in instances of a similar +oversight, and many an important and <i>recherch</i> work is unknown, or +acquires a conventional rarity, through its concealment at the end of a +less valuable, but more bulky, treatise.</p> + +<p>I have been aroused to the propriety of publishing this suggestion, by +purchasing, "dog cheap", a volume labelled <i>Petrus Crinitus</i>, but +containing <i>Hegesippus</i> (<i>i.e.</i> the pseudo-Ambrosian translation from +Josephus) and the Latin grammarians at the end, all by the +afore-mentioned printer.</p> + + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEODORE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LOIS</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCKLEY.</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Virgil and Goldsmith.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—The same beautiful thought is traceable in both +Virgil and Goldsmith. In book iii. of the <i>neid</i>, lines 495-6. we read:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Vobis parta quies; nullum maris quor arandum;</p> + <p>Arva neque Ausoni, <i>semper cedentia retro</i>,</p> + <p><i>Qurenda</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">In the <i>Traveller</i> these lines occur:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"But me, not destined such delights to share,</p> + <p>My prime of life in wandering spent and care;</p> + <p>Impell'd, with steps unceasing, to pursue</p> + <p>Some fleeting good, that mocks me with the view;</p> + <p>That, like the circle bounding earth and skies,</p> + <p>Allures from far, yet, as I follow, flies ——"</p> + +</div> + + <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY.</span></p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Mental Almanac</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 203.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—<span class="smcap lowercase">MEM.</span> The additive number for this +present November is 1. Hence next Wednesday is 4 + 1, that is, the 5th. +The Sunday following, is 1 + 1 + 7, that is, the 9th. And similarly for +any other day or week in this month.</p> + + + <p class="right"> A. E. B</p> + + <p class="left">Leeds, Nov. 1. 1851.</p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Merlin and the Electric Telegraph.</i></span> +</h4> + + +<p>—The following extract from the +prophecy of Merlin in Geoffrey of Monmouth's <i>British History</i>, book +vii. ch. 4., reads rather curiously in these days of railways and of +electric telegraph communication between France and England:—</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "Eric shall hide his apples within it, and <i>shall make + subterraneous passages</i>. At that time <i>shall the stones speak</i>, + and the sea towards the Gallic Coast be contracted into a narrow + space. <i>On each bank shall one man hear another</i>, and the soil of + the isle shall be enlarged. The secrets of the deep shall be + revealed, and Gaul shall tremble for fear."</p> + + +<p>I should like to be informed if there have ever been any detailed and +systematic attempts made at interpreting the whole of this curious +prophecy of Merlin's.</p> + + + <p class="right">W. F<span class="smcap lowercase">RASER.</span></p> + + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Queries.</span> +</h2> + +<h3><span>BISHOP BRAMHALL AND MILTON.</span></h3> + +<p>Perhaps I am convicting myself of the most benighted ignorance by asking +some of your learned correspondents to elucidate for me a letter of +Bramhall's, which I extract from his works. It was written to his son +from Antwerp, and relates to the early years of our great Milton at +Cambridge, dated:</p> + + + + <p class="right1"> "Antwerpe, May. 9/19, 1654.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "That lying abusive book [viz., the <i>Def. Pop. Ang.</i>] was written + by Milton himself, one who was sometime Bishopp Chappell's pupil + in Christ Church in Cambridge, but turned away by him, as he well + deserved to have been, out of the University, and out of the + society of men. If Salmasius his friends knew as much of him as + I, they would make him go near to hang himself. But I desire not + to wound the nation through his sides, yet I have written to him + long since about it roundly. It seems he desires not to touch + upon this subject."—<i>Works</i>, vol. i. p. 94, Oxford, 1842.</p> + +<p>That Milton was <i>rusticated</i> from Cambridge, and besides flogged by Dr. +Chappell, there seems little reason to doubt, but it is equally clear +that the punishment was only a temporary one, as he again went into +residence, and took the degrees of bachelor and master of arts in due +course. Whence, then, this sweeping accusation of the great and good +Bramhall's, whose character is a sufficient safeguard that he at all +events <i>believed</i> what he said? Aubrey relates the story of Milton's +being whipped by Dr. Chappell, and afterwards being "transferred to the +tuition of one Dr. Tovell, who dyed parson of Lutterworth."<a id="worth2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 2." href="#fn2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> Milton +himself (<i>Elegiarum Liber, Eleg. I. ad Carolum Deodatum</i>) speaks of his +residence in London, and alludes, rather gratefully, to his "exilium" +from Cambridge, which he heartily disliked. He also alludes to his being +flogged, as there seems a whole world of meaning in <i>Cteraque</i>:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Nec duri libet usque minas perferre magistri,</p> + <p><i>Cteraque ingenio non subeunda meo</i>.</p> + <p>Si sit hoc <i>exilium</i> patrios adiisse penates,</p> + <p>Et vacuum curis otia grata sequi,</p> + <p>Non ego vel <i>profugi</i> nomen, sortemve recuso,</p> + <p>Ltus et <i>exilii</i> conditione fruor."—Ver. 15. &c.</p> + +</div> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#worth2" class="label">[2]</a> Dr. Warton + has given a long note on the word <i>Cteraque</i> in +his edition of Milton's <i>Poems</i>, 1791, p. 421. He suggests that probably +"Dr. Tovell" should read "Dr. <i>Tovey</i>, parson of <i>Kegworth</i>, in +Leicestershire."</p> + +<p class="noindent">We then get a short sketch of his employments and amusements in London; +and his return to<a id="Page_342"></a> <span class="pagenum">[342]</span> Cambridge + is mentioned in the palinode to the +last of his elegies:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Donec Socraticos umbrosa academia rivos</p> + <p>Prbuit, admissum dedocuitque jugum.</p> + <p>Protinus extinctis ex illo tempore flammis,</p> + <p>Cincta rigent multo pectora nostra gelu."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">Having now cleared my way in as brief a manner as possible, I must +profess my utter disbelief in the enormities of Milton's life at +Cambridge. He was certainly flogged, but then he was only eighteen years +old at the time, and we know that flogging was permitted by the statutes +of many colleges, and was a favorite recreation amongst the deans, +tutors, and censors of the day. Bramhall's letter has indeed been a +marvellous stumbling-block in my way, ever since the appearance of the +last edition of his works; but I do hope that some of your learned +correspondents will dispel the clouds and shadows that surround me, and +prove that, at all events, Milton was not worse than his neighbours.</p> + +<p>Dr. South and Cowley were never flogged at college, but certainly they +were often flogged at school, or they could not speak so feelingly on +the subject:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Those 'plagosi Orbilii' (writes South), those executioners, + rather than instructors of youth; persons fitted to lay about + them in a coach or cart, or to discipline boys before a Spartan + altar, or rather upon it, than to have anything to do in a + Christian school. I would give these pedagogical <i>Jehus</i>, those + furious school-drivers, the same advice which the poet says + Phœbus gave his son Phaton (just such another driver as + themselves), that he should <i>parcere stimulis</i> (the stimulus in + driving being of the same use formerly that the lash is now). + Stripes and blows are the last and basest remedy, and scarce ever + fit to be used but upon such as carry their brains in their + backs, and have souls so dull and stupid as to serve for little + else but to keep their bodies from putrefaction."—<i>Sermon upon + Proverbs, xxii. 6.</i></p> + + +<p class="noindent">And Cowley, in describing the <i>Betula</i> (Angl. birch-tree), how he does +paint from nature!</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Mollis et alba cutim, formosam vertice fundens</p> + <p>Csariem, sed mens tetrica est, sed nulla nec arbor</p> + <p>Nec fera sylvarum crudelior incolit umbras:</p> + <p>Nam simul atque urbes concessum intrare domosque</p> + <p>Plagosum <i>Orbilium</i> svumque imitata <i>Draconem</i></p> + <p>Illa furit, non ulla viris delicta, nec ullum</p> + <p>Indulgens ludum pueris; inscribere membra</p> + <p>Discentum, teneroque rubescere sanguine gaudet."</p> + + <p class="author"> <i>Plantarum</i>, lib. vi. pag. 323. Londini, 1668.</p> + +</div> + +<p>That Milton's character was notorious or infamous at Cambridge has +never, to my knowledge, been proved; and there is in his favour this +most overwhelming testimony, that he never forfeited the esteem and +friendship of the great and good. Was Sir Henry Wotton writing to a man +of blighted and blasted reputation when he sent the kind and +complimentary letter prefixed to <i>Comus</i>? In that he not merely +eulogises the "Dorique delicacy" of Milton's songs and odes, but gives +him much kind and considerate advice upon the course he was to pursue in +his travels, as well as some introductions to his own friends, and +promises to keep up a regular correspondence with him during his +absence. Milton was very proud of this letter, and speaks of it in his +<i>Defensio Secunda</i>. Again, Milton's associates at Cambridge must have +known all about the misdemeanour (whatever it was) that caused his +rustication, and yet they permitted him to take a part in, and perhaps +to write the preface of, the ever memorable volume which contained the +first edition of <i>Lycidas</i>.</p> + +<p>The person commemorated was Edward King, a Fellow of Christ's College, +Cambridge (Milton's own college); and I need not adduce Milton's +affecting allusions to their close and intimate friendship. It was for +another of the <i>Fellows</i> of Christ's College that Milton at the age of +nineteen (the very year after his rustication) wrote the academic +exercise <i>Naturam non pati Senium</i>, found amongst his Latin poems. But I +will omit a great many arguments of a similar kind, and ask this +question, Why has Milton's college career escaped the lash of three of +the most sarcastic of writers, Cleveland, Butler, and South, who were +his contemporaries? Cleveland must have known him well, as he, as well +as Milton, had contributed some memorial verses to King, and party +feeling would perhaps have overcome collegiate associations. Nor could +their mutual connexion with <i>Golden Grove</i> have saved him from the +aspersions of Butler. After the Restoration, Richard Lord Vaughan, Earl +of Carbery, appointed the author of <i>Hudibras</i> to the stewardship of +Ludlow Castle; and his second wife was the Lady Alice Egerton, who, at +the age of thirteen, had acted the Lady in Milton's <i>Comus</i>. It was to +her likewise that Bishop Jeremy Taylor dedicated the third edition of +the third part of the <i>Life of Christ</i>, as he had dedicated the first +edition to Lord Carbery's former wife, whose funeral sermon he preached. +I do not remember that Cleveland or Butler have on any occasion +satirised Milton; but I do remember that Dr. South has done so, and I +cannot understand his silence on the matter if Milton's private +character had been notorious. Of course I do not believe the anonymous +invective ascribed to a son of Bishop Hall's. Dr. South was not the man +to "mince matters," and yet Milton's college life has escaped his +sarcasms. What his opinion of Milton was we may learn from his sermon +preached before King Charles II. upon Judges xix. 30.</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">"The Latin advocate (Mr. Milton) who, like a blind adder, has + spit so much poison upon the king's person and cause," &c.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "In prfat. ad defensionem pro populo Anglicano (as his Latin + is)."—Vol. ii. pp. 201-2. Dublin, 1720. fol.<a id="Page_343"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[343]</span></p> + +<p>Any one who can help me out of my difficulty will much oblige me, as +Bramhall's letter is a painful mystery, and truth of any kind is always +less distressing than vague and shadowy surmises.</p> + + + <p class="right">R<span class="smcap lowercase">T.</span></p> + + <p class="left">Warmington, Oct. 16, 1851.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>THE SEMPILLS OF BELTRUS: ROBERT SEMPILL.</span> +</h3> + + +<p>Some few months ago there was published in Edinburgh the first collected +and only complete edition of the <i>Poems</i> by the three brothers "Sir +James, Robert, and Francis Sempill of Beltrus," better known as the +authors of "The Pack-Man's Paternoster; or, a Picktooth for the Pope," +"The Life and Death of Habbie Simson, Piper of Kilbarchum," "The +Blythsome Wedding," "Maggie Lauder," &c., with biographical notices of +their lives. I am now anxious to know if any of your numerous +correspondents can inform me if copies of the original editions of the +<i>Poems</i> by "Robert Sempill" can be procured, or if they are in any of +the public or private libraries in England? The following are what I am +in quest of, viz.:</p> + +<p>1. <i>The Regentis Tragedie</i>, 1570.</p> + +<p>2. <i>The Bischoppis Lyfe and Testament</i>, 1571.</p> + +<p>3. <i>My Lorde Methwenis Tragedie</i>, 1572.</p> + +<p>4. <i>The Sege of the Castel of Edinburgh</i>, 1573.</p> + +<p>Also where any notice as to his family, life, and character can be +found.</p> + +<p>A collection of Sempill's <i>Poems</i>, with some authentic account of the +author, is certainly a desideratum in Scottish literature.</p> + + + <p class="right"> T. G. S.</p> + + <p class="left"> Edinburgh, Oct. 18. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT.</span> +</h3> + + +<p>John of Gaunt, by his third wife Katharine Swynford, left four children, +born before his marriage with her, but legitimated by act of parliament. +Of these the eldest is thus mentioned in Burke's "Introduction" to the +<i>Peerage</i>, p. xxi.:—</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "John de Beaufort, <i>Marquess</i> of Somerset and Dorset, who married + Margaret, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, and had a son + John, <i>Duke</i> of Somerset, whose <i>only daughter and heir</i>, + Margaret, married Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and was mother + of Henry VII."</p> + + +<p>Query, Was Margaret "only child," as well as only daughter of John Duke +of Somerset? or was she not sister to Henry, Edmund, and John, +successively Dukes of Somerset? (See Burke's <i>Peerage</i>, "Duke of +Beaufort.")</p> + +<p>In that case, after the death of this last-named Duke John issueless, +she would become "sole heir," as she had always been "sole daughter," of +Duke John the First.</p> + +<p>Or was she in fact <i>the daughter of this second and last Duke John</i>? At +his death the male line of Lancaster became extinct; the royal branch +having already failed at the death of Henry VI.</p> + +<p>There appears some little confusion in Burke's excellent work, as may be +seen by comparing p. xxi. of the Introduction, &c., with the genealogy +of the Beaufort family.</p> + + + <p class="right">A. B.</p> + + <p class="left">Clifton.</p> + + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span></h3> + + +<h4> +<span>246. <i>Rocky Chasm near Gata: Earthquake at the Crucifixion.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Dr. +Basire (who was archdeacon of Northumberland, prebendary of Durham, and +chaplain to King Charles the Martyr and King Charles II.), in his +account of a tour made by himself and companions in 1649, says:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Wee landed to see Gata, a pleasant, strong, and very antient + citty. In it we saw some wonders, especially the thorow rupture + of a rocky mountain by an earthquake, which tradition sayes, and + Cardinal Baronius publishes to have happened at our Savior's + passion: a stupendous sight it is however, and well worth our + digression."—<i>Correspondence, &c., of Basire</i>, edited by the + Rev. W. N. Darnell, p. 90.</p> + +<p>I cannot here consult Baronius, to see whether he gives any references, +and should be very glad to be referred to any ancient historian who has +noticed the event to which this remarkable chasm is attributed, and to +know whether the tradition is preserved by any classical writer. I do +not find the chasm in question described by any naturalist, or other +traveller, whose writings I have been able to refer to. It is in a +locality which abounds with indications of volcanic action. It is said +that the Monte Somma was probably not distinct from the present cone of +Vesuvius prior to the great eruption in <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 79. In Dr. Daubeny's +<i>Description of Active and Extinct Volcanos</i>, mention is made of an +ancient town beneath the town of Sessa, where a chamber with antique +frescoes and the remains of an amphitheatre were disinterred, of the +overwhelming of which there is no record, nor is there even a tradition +of any eruption having occurred near it in the memory of man.</p> + + + <p class="right"> W. S. G.</p> + + <p class="left"> Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>247. <i>Cavalcade.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Your correspondent MR. W. H. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ESLEDEN</span>, in his +description of "A Funeral in Hamburgh" (Vol. iv., p. 269.), has twice +made use of the word <i>cavalcade</i> in reference to that which would +otherwise appear to be a walking procession. He will oblige me (and I +dare say others of your readers) by explaining whether the procession +was really equestrian, or whether he has any authority for the +application of the term to pedestrians. The use of the word cannot have +been a mere oversight, since it is repeated. The relation in which it +stands makes it very doubtful whether it can, by any possibility, be +intended to describe a riding party. If, by any latitude, the word may +be otherwise applied, an authority would<a id="Page_344"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[344]</span> be interesting. If it is +an error, it certainly should not go uncorrected in + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>."</p> + + + <p class="right"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OCAB.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Harley Street.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>248. <i>A Sept of Hibernians.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Is <i>sept</i> a word of Erse etymology; and, +if not, of what other? Has it a specific sense; or is it a general +equivalent to <i>clann</i> or <i>treubh</i>?</p> + + + <p class="right"> A. N.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>249. <i>Yankee Doodle.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Can any of your correspondents explain the origin +of this song, or state in what book a correct version of it can be +found? Likewise, whether the tune is of older date than the song. To +some these may appear trite questions; but I can assure you that I have +been unable to obtain the information I require elsewhere, and my +applications for the song at several music shops, when I was last in +London, were unsuccessful.</p> + + + <p class="right"> S<span class="smcap lowercase">AMPSON</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALKER.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Cambridge.</p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span>250. <i>Seventeenth of November: Custom.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—When at school at Christ's +Hospital, many years ago, a curious custom prevailed on the 17th +November respecting which I had not then sufficient curiosity to +inquire.</p> + +<p>Two or more boys would take one against whom they had any spite or +grudge, and having lifted him by the arms and legs would bump him on the +hard stones of the cloisters.</p> + +<p>I have often, since I left the school, wondered what could be the origin +of this practice, and more especially as the day was recognised as +having some connexion with Queen Elizabeth.</p> + +<p>In reading, "Sir Roger de Coverley" with notes by Willis, published in +the <i>Traveller's Library</i>, I find at p. 134. what I consider a fair +explanation. A full account is there given of the manner in which the +citizens of London intended to celebrate, in 1711, the anniversary of +Queen Elizabeth's accession on 17th November; some parts of which would +almost seem to have been copied during the excitement against the papal +bull in November 1850.</p> + +<p>I have little doubt that originally the unfortunate boy who had to +endure the rude bumping by his schoolfellows was intended to represent +the pope or one of his emissaries, and that those who inflicted the +punishment were looked upon as good Protestants.</p> + +<p>Is there any other school where this day is celebrated; and if so, what +particular custom prevails there?</p> + +<p>The boys always attended morning service at Christ Church on this day.</p> + + + <p class="right"> F. B. R<span class="smcap lowercase">ELTON.</span></p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span>251. <i>Chatter-box.</i></span> +</h4> + + +<p>—The derivation of this word would seem very plain, +and yet I have some doubts about it. I used to think that we called a +person a "chatter-box" because he or she was, metaphorically speaking, a +box full of chatter, as we should call another person a <i>bag-of-bones</i>. +And this seemed confirmed by the German <i>plaudertasche</i>, or a +<i>chatter-bag</i>, till I learnt from Wackernagel, <i>Glossar</i>, that in the +Middle High German <i>Tasche</i> = <i>a woman</i>. (See under "Flattertasche.") I +believe we meet with the word again in the epithet <i>Maultasche</i> applied +to the celebrated Margaret Maultasche, the wife of Louis the Elder; +<i>i.e.</i> Margaret, the woman with the large mouth. The word also occurs in +the Danish <i>Taske</i> = <i>a girl</i>, <i>a wench</i>. Hence, I conclude that there +is no doubt but that the German <i>plaudertasche</i> means a chattering +woman. Has our <i>chatter-box</i> the same meaning—<i>i.e.</i> is there a word +for <i>woman</i> or <i>female</i> in any of our ancient languages from which <i>box</i> +might arise? The only word which occurs to me just now as confirming +such a supposition is <i>buxom</i> ("to be bonere and buxom, in bedde and at +borde." Ancient Matrimony Service), which is thus = <i>womanly</i>.</p> + + + <p class="right">J. M. (4)</p> + + <p class="left">St. Mary Tavy, Tavistock.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>252. <i>Printing in 1449, and Shakspeare.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—As the <i>Esil</i> controversy +seems now, if not settled, to be at least lulled, at the risk of +stirring up another Shakspearean discussion, I venture to set down a +passage in the <i>Second Part of Henry VI.</i>, which I have never yet seen +satisfactorily explained. It is—</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"Act IV. Scene 7.—<i>Cade.</i> ... Thou has most traitorously + corrupted the youth of the realm, in erecting a grammar-school; + and whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the + score and the tally, <i>thou hast caused printing to be used</i>; and + contrary to the king, his crown and dignity, <i>thou hast built a + paper-mill</i>."</p> + +<p>Is this a mere wilful anachronism on Shakspeare's part; or had "that +misunderstood politician" Mr. John Cade any ground for this particular +accusation against the Lord Treasurer Say? Perhaps some of your +correspondents who have contributed the very interesting Notes on Caxton +and Printing will elucidate the matter.</p> + + <p class="right">W. F<span class="smcap lowercase">RASER.</span></p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>253. <i>Texts before Sermons.</i></span> +</h4> + + +<p>—What is the origin of, and the authority +for our present use of texts of Holy Scripture before sermons? In the +Roman Catholic church the custom, I believe, is not the same. The +homilies used in the Church of England have no texts. In the ancient +Postils, was the gospel for the day again read from the pulpit, or were +the hearers supposed to carry it in their minds? It is quite clear that +texts are now in most cases merely the pegs whereon the sermon is hung, +so to speak, and are not read as passages of Holy Scripture to be +expounded to an audience ignorant of the meaning of the sacred volume. +Perhaps this Query may draw forth some remarks on the subject.</p> + + + <p class="right"> G. R. M.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span>254. <i>Paradyse, Hell, Purgatory.</i></span> +</h4> + + +<p>—Can any of your correspondents favour +me with the history and uses of three Chambers or Houses in +Westminster<a id="Page_345"></a> <span class="pagenum">[345]</span> +Hall, which in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII. +bore these portentous names? The custody of them was evidently a source +of profit; as there are several grants of it to "squires of the king's +body" and others. (See <i>Rymer</i>, xii. 275., xiii. 34.; <i>Rot. Parl.</i> vi. +372.)</p> + + + <p class="right"> <span title="[Greek: Ph.]">Φ.</span></p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span>255. <i>Dead Letter.</i></span> +</h4> + + +<p>—"If the editor of +'N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>' will accept +an indirect suggestion, we should be glad if he, or some of his learned +correspondents, would inform the public of the origin or antiquity of +the popular saying by which a thing, under certain circumstances, is +designated as a 'dead letter.'"</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> [Being unwilling that the foregoing Query, which we have taken + from an admirable article on the Dead Letters of the Post Office, + which appeared in <i>The Times</i> of Tuesday last, should itself + become a <i>dead letter</i>, we have transferred it to our columns in + hopes that some of our learned correspondents will explain the + origin, and show the antiquity of the phrase by instances of its + earliest use. We do not believe that it is a Post Office + technicality transferred to the vocabulary of every-day life, but + that it is in some way connected with "the letter" that + "killeth."]</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>256. <i>Dominus Bathurst, &c.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Who was "Dominus Bathurst," a Commoner of +Winchester in 1688? "Dominus Anvers" and "Dominus Modyford" occur in +1694; who were they?</p> + + + <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKENZIE</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALCOTT</span>, M.A.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>257. <i>Grammar Schools.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—The Editor of the <i>Family Almanack</i> would be +glad if any of the readers of the + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" could inform him +whether the Grammar Schools founded in the following places are still +open to scholars:—</p> + +<p>Neale's School, March, Cambridgeshire; Dilborne, Staffordshire; Kirton +in Lindsay, Lincolnshire; Kirton in Holland, Lincolnshire; Nuneaton, +Warwickshire; Pilkington School, Prestwich, Lancashire; Royston, +Yorkshire; Bolton School, Scorton, Yorkshire; Lovel's School, Stickney, +Lincolnshire; Stourbridge, Worcestershire; Tottenham, Middlesex.</p> + +<p>Any letter on the subject can be forwarded to the publisher, 377. +Strand.</p> + + +<h4> +<span>258. <i>Fermilodum.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—I have an antique metal seal in my possession, which +is about two inches and a quarter in diameter, having on its exterior +circle in small capitals +<span class="smcap lowercase">SIGILLVM + CIVITATIS + FERMILODVM</span>. I wish to +know if a place with such a seal could be called a <i>City</i>, and want a +literal translation of it. My native town was originated by a monastic +establishment, and several of the names of the streets have long puzzled +the learned, such as <i>May-gate</i>, <i>Colorow</i> (Collicrow), <i>Pill</i> or Peel +Muir: a place called the Rhodes is also in the vicinity. Would any of +your antiquarian correspondents give derivations of those streets?</p> + + + <p class="right"> H. E.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span>259. <i>Lord Hungerford.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Who was the Lord Hungerford who was hanged and +degraded (and for what crime?), and who is said in Defoe's <i>Tour</i> (cited +in Southey's <i>Commonplace Book</i>, 4th series, p. 429.) to have had a toad +put into his coat of arms? Where can such coat of arms be seen?</p> + + + <p class="right"> J. R. R<span class="smcap lowercase">ELTON.</span></p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span>260. <i>Consecration of Bishops in Sweden.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—As I see + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" +attracts notice in Sweden, may I ask whether any record exists of the +consecration of Bothvidus Sermonis, who was appointed to the see of +Strengness by King Gustavus Vasa in 1536?</p> + + + <p class="right"> E. H. A.</p> + + + + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span> +</h3> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Effigy of a Pilgrim.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—There is in the parish church of +Ashby-de-la-Zouch an effigy, which is very interesting from its extreme +rarity; it is placed under a depressed arch in the north wall of the +interior of the edifice, and consists of a recumbent figure of a pilgrim +habited in a cloak and short boots, which lace in front with six holes +just above the instep: his legs are bare, and so is his head, but his +cockle hat lies under his right shoulder; his scrip, hanging from his +right shoulder to his left side, is tolerably perfect; but his row of +beads, suspended from his left shoulder to his right side, is mutilated, +as is also his staff; the hands, which were probably raised in prayer, +are gone; a collar of SS. hangs from his neck (will this be of any use +to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> E. F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span>, Vol. iv., p. 147.?); the feet of the pilgrim rest +against a curious looking animal, which is said to be a dog.</p> + +<p>Nothing is known as to whom the effigy represents, and I have not +Nichols's <i>Leicestershire</i> by me, to see if he hazards an opinion on the +subject. I shall feel much obliged by any of your numerous readers +kindly informing me where other effigies of pilgrims are to be found, +because if anything is known of them it may possibly help to elucidate +this present case of obscurity.</p> + + + <p class="right">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOS.</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AURENCE.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Ashby-de-la-Zouch.</p> + + + +<p class="blockquot"> [Nichols, in his <i>Leicestershire</i>, vol. iii. p 623., has given + some account of this effigy from Carter and Burton, together with + two sketches of the monument. Carter says, "There is no tradition + to determine whom this figure represents; but Mr. Gough thinks + that it was some person of authority, perhaps a keeper of the + castle, or a bailiff of the town." This monument had been noticed + by Mr. Burton, subsequent to the publication of his <i>History</i>; + for in the margin of his volume is this MS. note, and a slight + sketch of the tomb, when the scrip and staff were more perfect + than they are at present:—"On the north side of the church, near + to the great north door, lieth in the wall an ancient monument of + a Palmer in alabaster, which I guess to be of some of the family + of Zouch; which, for the expressing of the manner of the habit, I + caused to be cut and inserted." This sketch is also engraved in + plate lxxvi. of Nichols's <i>Leicestershire</i>.]<a id="Page_346"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[346]</span></p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span>"<i>Modern Universal History.</i>"</span> +</h4> + + +<p>—At the conclusion of the preface of this +History, in vol. xvi. of the first edition, it is stated, "this work is +illustrated by the most complete set of maps that modern geography +furnishes." My copy is a very fine one, but I do not find any maps +whatever in it. Can any of your readers inform me whether such maps +exist; and if so, in what volumes, and at what pages, they ought to be? +Are they to be obtained separately?</p> + + + <p class="right">S. Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UARTO.</span></p> + + +<p class="blockquot">[The maps and charts, thirty-seven in number, to the <i>Modern</i> + part of the <i>Universal History</i>, were published separately, in + folio, 1766: the volume and page where they are to be inserted + are given on each plate.]</p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Origin of Evil.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Where shall I find this problem fully discussed?</p> + + + <p class="right"> A. A. D.</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">[In Abp. King's <i>Essay on the Origin of Evil</i>, translated by + Bishop Law, which has passed through several editions.]</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Nolo Episcopari.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Why is this phrase applied to a <i>feigned reluctance</i> +in accepting an offer?</p> + + + <p class="right">A. A. D.</p> + + + +<p class="blockquot"> [From a note in Blackstone's <i>Commentaries</i>, vol. i. p. 380., + edit. Christian, we learn that "it is a prevailing vulgar error, + that every bishop, before he accepts the bishoprick which is + offered him, affects a maiden coyness, and answers <i>Nolo + episcopari</i>. The origin of these words and the notion I have not + been able to discover; the bishops certainly give no such refusal + at present, and I am inclined to think they never did at any time + in this country."]</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Authors of the Homilies.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—Presuming that the authors of the Church +Homilies are well known, their writings having been adopted by our +church, and set forth and enjoined by authority to be read in all +churches, I fear I am only showing great ignorance by asking where I can +meet with a list of the writers of those discourses, distinguishing +which of the Homilies were written by each author; and if the writers of +some of them be unknown, then I should be glad to have the names of such +as are known, and the particular Homilies which were written by them.</p> + + + <p class="right"> G. R. C.</p> + + + + <p class="blockquot">[Carwithen, in his <i>History of the Church of England</i>, vol. i. p. + 221. note <i>g</i>, speaking of the first book of Homilies, says, + "These Homilies were the work of Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, + Hopkins, and Becon, one of Cranmer's chaplains. There is little + but internal evidence by which the author of any particular + Homily can be ascertained. The Homily 'Of the Salvation of + Mankind,' being the third as they are now placed, was ascribed by + Gardiner to Cranmer; and Cranmer never denied that it was his. + The eleventh, in three parts, is by Becon; and it is printed + among his works published by himself in three volumes folio. It + is in the second volume." Consult also Le Bas' <i>Life of Cranmer</i>, + vol. i. p. 284., and Soames' <i>Hist. of the Reformation</i>, vol. + iii. p. 56.]</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Family of Hotham of Yorkshire.</i></span> +</h4> + + +<p>—The family of Hotham, or Hothum, of +Boudeby in Yorkshire, acquired large possessions in Kilkenny at an early +period, apparently in consequence of an intermarriage with the Le +Despencers, lords of a third of the liberty of Kilkenny. Can any reader +of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" supply me with a pedigree of that family, +especially as connecting therewith Sir John Hotham, Bishop of Ossory, +1779-1782? Any particulars respecting the life of that prelate will also +be thankfully acknowledged: he is said to have been a member of an old +Yorkshire family. (Cotton's <i>Fasti Ecclesi Hibernic</i>, vol. ii. p. +288.)</p> + + + <p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">RAVES.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Kilkenny, Oct. 11. 1851.</p> + + + +<p class="blockquot"> [There are several references to the Hotham family in Sims' + <i>Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the Heralds' Visitations + and other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum</i>, under + Yorkshire. Granger (<i>Biographical Hist.</i>, vol. ii. p. 217.) has + given a short account of Sir John Hotham, Governor of Hull + <i>temp.</i> Charles I. See also <i>Gentleman's Mag.</i>, vol. lxiv. p. + 182., for a notice of Sir Charles; and vol. lxviii. p. 633. for + an account of the death of Lady Dorothy Hotham.]</p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Vogelweide.</i></span> +</h4> + + +<p>—What authority has Longfellow for his legend of <i>Walter +of the Bird Meadow</i>? I find this epitaph given as his in Hone:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Pascua qui volucrum vivus, Walthere, fuisti,</p> + <p>Qui flos eloquii, qui Palladis os, obiisti!</p> + <p>Ergo quod aureolam probitas tua possit habere,</p> + <p>Qui legit, hic dicat—'Deus istius miserere!'"</p> + +</div> + +<p>Has Julius Mosen's <i>Legend of the Crossbill</i>, translated by Longfellow, +any more ancient foundation?</p> + + + <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTIMER</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLINS.</span></p> + + + +<p class="blockquot">[The epitaph, and a very interesting sketch of the life of + <i>Walter Vogelweide</i>, with some ably translated specimens of his + poetical compositions, will be found in the late Edgar Taylor's + <i>Lays of the Minnisingers</i>, 8vo. London, 1825.]</p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Meaning of Skeatta.</i></span> +</h4> + +<p>—What is a silver Skeatta? See <i>Gent. Mag.</i>, May, +1851, p. 537.</p> + + + <p class="right">J. R. R<span class="smcap lowercase">ELTON.</span></p> + + + +<p class="blockquot">[Mr. Akerman, in his very useful <i>Numismatic Manual</i>, p. 227., + says, "The word <i>sceatta</i> is by some derived from <i>sceat</i>, a + <i>part</i> or <i>portion</i>. Professor White, in a paper read to the + Ashmolean Society, remarks, that it is of Mœso-Gothic origin, + <i>scatt</i> signifying in the Gospels of Uphilas a <i>pound</i>, a + <i>penny</i>, and, indeed, money in general." Ruding observes that, + "Whatever might have been the precise value of the <i>sceatta</i>, it + was undoubtedly the smallest coin known among the Saxons at the + latter end of the seventh century, as appears from its forming + part of a proverb: Ne sceat ne scilling, <i>From the least to the + greatest</i>."]</p> + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Replies.</span> +</h2> + + +<h3> +<span>MARRIAGE OF ECCLESIASTICS.<br /> +(Vol. iv. pp. 57. 125. 193. 196. 298.)</span> +</h3> + + +<p>Your general readers have reason to be as much obliged as myself to your +correspondents C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> +and<a id="Page_347"></a> <span class="pagenum">[347]</span> K. S. for the information contained in +the former's criticisms, and the latter's addition to what you had +inserted in my name on the subject of clerical marriages.</p> + +<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> is very fair, for he does not find fault with other persons' +versions of the first part of Heb. xiii. 4. without giving his own +version to be compared; and he states the ground of his criticisms on my +reference to it. He has kindly told your readers, what they might have +conjectured from the Italics in our authorized version, that in +rendering +<span title="[Greek: Timios ho gamos en pasi]">Τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσι</span>, +"Marriage <i>is</i> honourable in +all," they inserted <i>is</i>; and to show your readers an example of keeping +closer to the original, he himself renders it as follows: "Let (the laws +of) marriage be revered in all <i>things</i>, and the marriage bed be +undefiled."</p> + +<p>Then comes his exposure of my unhappy mistake: +"H. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALTER</span> mistakes the +adjective <i>feminine</i> +<span title="[Greek: en pasi]">ἐν πᾶσι</span> as meaning <i>all men</i>." Really, had +I known that +<span title="[Greek: pasi]">πᾶσι</span> was an adjective feminine, I could scarcely +have fallen into the mistake of supposing it to mean <i>all men</i>. But many +of your readers will be likely to feel some sympathy for my error, while +they learn from +C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> that the ordinary Greek grammars, in which they +can have proceeded but a very few pages before they read and were called +upon to repeat the cases of +<span title="[Greek: pas, pasa, pan]">πας, πασα, παν</span>, were quite wrong in +teaching us that though +<span title="[Greek: pasi]">πᾶσι</span> might be either masculine or +neuter, it must not be taken for a feminine form. But before we correct +this error in one of the first pages of our grammar, I presume that we +should all like to know from what recondite source +C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> has discovered +that +<span title="[Greek: pasi]">πασι</span>, and not +<span title="[Greek: pasais]">πασαις</span>, is the feminine form of +this constantly-recurring adjective.</p> + +<p>But farther, p. 193. will show that I did not give him a right to assume +that I should construe +<span title="[Greek: pasi]">πασι</span> "all <i>men</i>." For under my +<i>mistaken</i> view of its being masculine, I thought the weaker sex was +included; and being myself a married man, I knew that marriage +comprehends women as well as men.</p> + +<p>But there is still more to be learnt from the criticisms of +C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span>, +which the learned world never knew before. For, having told us that +<span title="[Greek: pasi]">πᾶσι</span> is an adjective feminine, he adds, "it signifies here <i>in +all things</i>;" whereas the grammars have long taught that <i>things</i> must +not be understood unless the adjective be neuter. Perhaps he had better +concede that the grammars have not been wrong in allowing that +<span title="[Greek: pasi]">πᾶσι</span> may be neuter; and then, as we know that it is also masculine, and +he knows it to be feminine, it must be admitted to be of all genders, +and so young learners will be spared all the trouble of distinguishing +between them. If it be admitted that +<span title="[Greek: pasi]">πᾶσι</span> is neuter here, it +may signify <i>all things</i>.</p> + +<p>My other mistake, he says, has been that of not perceiving that the +imperative <i>let</i> should be supplied, instead of the indicative <i>be</i>. +This must be allowed to be open to debate; but as the proper meaning of +<span title="[Greek: timios]">τίμιος</span> is "to be esteemed honourable," "had in reputation" +(Acts v. 34.), will it be a mistake to say, that the primitive +Christians would properly respect marriage, in their clergy as well as +in others, on the ground of the Scriptures saying, "Let marriage be +esteemed honourably in every respect?" Could they properly want ground +for allowing it to the clergy, when they could also read 1 Tim. iii. 2. +11., and Titus i. 6.? As +C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> quotes the Vulgate for authority in +favour of <i>enim</i> in the next clause, he might have told your readers to +respect its authority in rendering the first clause, "Honorabile +connubium in omnibus." And if he has no new rules for correcting Syriac +as well as Greek, that very ancient version, though the gender of the +adjective be ambiguous in the equivalent to +<span title="[Greek: pasi]">πᾶσι</span>, renders the +next clause, "and <i>their</i> couch <i>is</i> pure," showing that <i>persons</i> were +understood.</p> + +<p>Next comes K. S., who tells your readers that Whiston quotes the +well-known <i>Doctor</i> Wall for evidence as to the prohibition of second +marriages among the Greek clergy, before the Council of Nice. I should +like to know something of this <i>well-known Doctor</i>. There was a +well-known Mr. Wall, who wrote on baptism; and there was a Don Ricardo +Wall, a Spanish minister of state, well known in his day, and there was +a Governor Wall, too well known from his being hanged; but I cannot find +that any of these was a Doctor, so as to be the well-known Doctor Wall, +whose "authority no one would willingly undervalue," (p. 299.) As for +poor Whiston, his name was well known too, as a bye-word for a person +somewhat crazy, when he quitted those mathematical studies which +compelled him to fix his mind on his subject with steadiness whilst +pursuing them. K. S. has told us that he terms "the <i>Apostolic +Constitutions</i> the most sacred of the canonical books of the New +Testament." Such an opinion is quite enough as a test of Whiston's power +of judging in such questions. After much discussion, the most learned of +modern investigators assigns the compilation of the first six books of +those <i>Constitutions</i> to the end of the third century, and the eighth to +the middle of the fourth.</p> + +<p>In the remarks to which C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> has thus adverted, I gave some evidence +of marriages among ecclesiastics, at later dates than your correspondent +supposes such to have been allowed. Can he disprove that evidence? (See +Vol. iv., p. 194.)</p> + + + <p class="right">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALTER.</span></p> + + +<p>Your correspondent CEPHAS attacks the authorised version of Heb. xiii. +4., and favours your readers with another. I venture to offer a few +remarks on both these points.</p> + +<p>I. He thinks—</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "The authors of the authorised version advisedly<a id="Page_348"></a> <span class="pagenum">[348]</span> inserted + <i>is</i> instead of <i>let</i>, to forward their own new (?) doctrines."</p> + + +<p>Doubtless whatever the translators did was done "<i>advisedly</i>;" but what +proof has C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> that they adopted the present version <i>merely</i> to serve +their own "interest?" Some verb <i>must</i> be supplied, and either form will +suit the passage. It is true that Hammond prefers <i>let</i> to <i>is</i>, but +there is as great authority on the other side.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">1. St. Chrysostom:</p> + + + <p class="blockquot"> "<i>For marriage is honourable, and the bed undefiled</i>: why art + thou ashamed of the honourable; why blushest thou at the + undefiled?"—<i>Hom. XII.</i> (Colos. vi.) Oxf. Trans., vol. xiv. p. + 330.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "<i>For marriage is honourable.</i>"—<i>Hom. X.</i> (1 Tim. i.), Oxf. + Trans., vol. xii. p. 77.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"And this I say, not as accusing marriage; <i>for it is + honourable</i>: but those who have used it amiss."—<i>Hom. IX.</i> (2 + Corin. iii.), Oxf. T., vol. xxvii. p. 120.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "And the blessed Paul says, '<i>Marriage is honourable in all, and + the bed undefiled</i>;' but he has nowhere said, that the care of + riches is honourable, but the reverse."—<i>Hom. V.</i> (Tit. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xii. p. 313.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Thus marriage is accounted an honourable thing both by us and by + those without; and <i>it is honourable</i>."—<i>Hom. XII.</i> (1 Cor. + ii.), Oxf. T., vol. iv. p. 160.</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">2. St. Augustine:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">"Hear what God saith; not what thine own mind, in indulgence to + thine own sins, may say, or what thy friend, thine enemy rather + and his own too, bound in the same bond of iniquity with thee, + may say. Hear then what the Apostle saith: '<i>Marriage is + honourable in all, and the bed undefiled. But whoremongers and + adulterers God will judge.</i>'"—<i>Hom. on N.T.</i>, Serm. xxxii. [82 + B], Oxf. T., vol. xvi. p. 263.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "'<i>Honourable, therefore, is marriage in all</i>, [he had just + before been speaking of married persons] <i>and the bed + undefiled.</i>' And this we do not so call a good, as that it is a + good in comparison of fornication," &c.—<i>Short Treat. de Bono + Conjug.</i>, Oxf. T., vol. xxii. p. 283.</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">3. St. Jerome, to whose authority perhaps C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> will sooner bow on a +version of Holy Scripture than to Hammond's:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "Illi scriptum est: 'Honorabiles nupti, et cubile immaculatum:' + Tibi legitur, 'Fornicatores <i>autem</i> et adulteros judicabit + Deus.'"—69. <i>Epist. ad Ocean. Hier. Op.</i>, vol. i. f. 325. + Basile. Ed. Erasm. 1526.</p> + + +<p>In all these passages the words are quoted <i>affirmatively</i>, as is +evident from the context; and it seems more likely, as well as more +charitable, to believe that our translators were induced to adopt the +present version in deference to such authorities, than to impute to them +paltry motives of party purposes, which at the same time they have +themselves taken the surest means to get exposed, by printing the +inserted word in Italics. Can C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> adduce any Father who quotes the +text as he would read it, in the imperative mood, and with the sense of +"all things," not "all persons?" There may be such, but they require to +be alleged in the face of positive and adverse testimony. It is evident +that the mere substitution of <span title="[Greek: est]">ἔστω</span> for + <span title="[Greek: esti]">ἐστι</span>, without +an entire change of the rest of the passage, will make no difference; +for that which was an assertion before will then have become a command.</p> + +<p>II. C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> proposes another version, and observes, + "H. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALTER</span> mistakes +the adjective feminine <span title="[Greek: en pasi]">ἐν πᾶσι</span> as meaning 'all men,' whereas it +signifies here 'in all things.'" Probably this is the first time that +MR. H. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALTER</span> and your other readers ever heard that +<span title="[Greek: en pasi]">ἐν πᾶσι</span> +was a <i>feminine</i> adjective. Your learned critic must surely have either +forgotten his Greek grammar, in his haste to correct the translators of +the Bible, or else is not strong in the genders; for he has unluckily +hit upon the very gender which <span title="[Greek: pasi]">πᾶσι</span> cannot be, by any +possibility. But let it pass for a "lapsus memori." However, he +supports his version of "all things" by one other passage, 2 Cor. xi. +6., where yet it <i>may</i> be translated, as Hammond himself does in the +margin, "among all men" (cf. v. 8.): and I will offer him one other:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"><span title="[Greek: hina en pasi doxaztai ho Theos dia Isou Christou]">ἵνα + ἐν πᾶσι + δοξάζηται + ὁ Θεὸς διὰ + Ἰησοῦ + Χριστοῦ</span>—.1 Pet. iv. 11.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [Scil. <span title="[Greek: charismasin]">χαρίσμασιν</span>.]</p> + + +<p>But does C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> mean to say that +<span title="[Greek: en pasi]">ἐν πᾶσι</span> is <i>always</i> to be thus +rendered, when found without a substantive? Here are five passages from +St. Paul's Epistles, in which, with one possible exception, it +<i>evidently</i> means "persons," not "things."</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">1. <span title="[Greek: ho de autos esti Theos, ho energn ta + panta en pasin.]">ὁ δὲ αὐτός + ἐστι Θεὸς, ὁ + ἐνεργῶν τὰ + πάντα ἐν + πᾶσιν.</span>—1 Cor. xii. 6.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> 2. <span title="[Greek: hina ho Theos ta panta en + pasin.]">ἵνα ᾖ ὁ Θεὸς τὰ + πάντα ἐν + πᾶσιν.</span>—1 Cor. xv. 28.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">3. <span title="[Greek: barbaros, Skyths, doulos, eleutheros, alla ta + panta kai en pasi Christos.]">βάρβαρος, + Σκύθης, δοῦλος, + ἐλεύθερος, ἀλλὰ + τὰ πάντα + καὶ ἐν πᾶσι + Χριστός.</span>—Col. iii. 11.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">4. <span title="[Greek: tauta meleta, en toutois isthi; hina sou h + prokop phanera en pasin.]">ταῦτα + μελέτα, + ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι· + ἵνα σοῦ ἡ προκοπὴ + φανερὰ ᾖ ἐν + πᾶσιν.</span>—1 Tim. iv. 15.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> 5. <span title="[Greek: all' ouk en +pasin h gnsis.]">ἀλλ' +οὐκ ἐν +πᾶσιν +ἡ γνῶσις.</span>—1 Cor. viii. 7.</p> + + +<p>Upon the whole, then, I imagine that if any one will take the trouble to +compare the passages above cited, and others in which the phrase +<span title="[Greek: en pasi]">ἐν πᾶσι</span> is used, he will find that <i>generally</i> it refers to "persons," +and requires to be limited by the context before it bears the sense of +"<i>things</i>:"—in other words, that the former meaning is to be considered +the rule, the latter the exception.</p> + + + <p class="right"> E. A. D.</p> + + +<p>Is not this somewhat dangerous ground for + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" to venture +upon, bearing in mind "the depths profound" of disputatious polemics by +which it is bounded? As, however, A. B. C. has, to a certain extent, led +you forward, it were well for you to offer a more sufficient direction +to the intricacies of the way, than can be found in the only +half-informed "Replies" which have hitherto been given to his inquiry. +This is the more necessary, as we now are accustomed to<a id="Page_349"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[349]</span> turn to +you for the resolution of many of our doubts; and, under these +circumstances, it were better that you spake not at all, than that your +language be incomplete or uncertain. But the present question, from the +very nature of the case, is involved in some difficulty; and, to set +about the proof of individual instances of the non-celibate <i>as a rule</i> +of the bishops of the primitive Church, or to discuss probabilities, +which have already formed the subject of much +<span title="[Greek: paradiatrib]">παραδιατριβή</span>, +would fill more of your pages than you would be ready to devote to such +a purpose. It would best then subserve the intentions of your +publication, upon such a matter as the present, to direct the attention +of your correspondents to accredited sources of information, and leave +them to work out the results for themselves. Voluminous are these +authorities, but it will be found that the following contain the entire +subject in dispute, as presented by the combatants on both sides; +namely, <i>The Defense of the Apologie</i>, edit. fol. 1571, pp. 194-231, +540-545.; Wharton's <i>Treatise of the Celibacy of the Clergy</i>, in +Gibson's <i>Preservative against Popery</i>, fol. 1738, vol. i. pp. 278-339.; +and Preby. Payne's <i>Texts Examin'd</i>, &c., in <i>the same</i>, pp. 340-359. +Previously, however, to commencing the study of these authorities, I +would recommend a perusal of the statement made by Messrs. Berington and +Kirk, on the celibacy of the clergy, in <i>The Faith of Catholics</i>, &c., +edit. 1830, p. 384.</p> + + + <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWGILL.</span></p> + + + +<p class="blockquot">[C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWGILL</span> is right: the question of the Marriage of Ecclesiastics + is not calculated for our pages. But our correspondent +C<span class="smcap lowercase">EPHAS</span> + having impugned the scholarship of H. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALTER</span>, and the honesty of + the translators of the authorized version, justice required that + we should insert MR. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALTER'S</span> answer, and one of the many replies + we have received in defence of the translators. With these, and + C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWGILL'S</span> references to authorities which may be consulted upon + the question, the discussion in our columns must terminate.]</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>LORD STRAFFORD AND ARCHBISHOP USSHER.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 290.)</span> +</h3> + + +<p>The question raised by P<span class="smcap lowercase">EREGRINUS</span> is one of interest, which a comparison +of original and trustworthy writers enables us soon to settle. It is no +vulgar calumny which implicates Ussher in the advice which induced +Charles I. to consent to the murder of Lord Strafford; and though it +seems not unlikely that from timidity Ussher avoided giving any advice, +but allowed it to be inferred that he coincided in the counsel of +Williams; after weighing the evidence on this subject it is, to say the +least, impossible for us to believe for an instant that he acted in the +same noble manner as Bishop Juxon. Thus far is clear, that Bishop Juxon, +knowing that the king was satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +besought him to refuse to allow of the execution, and to "trust God with +the rest." Neither is it denied that Bishops Williams, Potter, and +Morton advised the king to assent to the bill of attainder, on the +ground that he was only assenting to the deeds of others, and was not +himself acting responsibly. And assuredly the same evidence which +carries us thus far, will not allow of our supposing that Ussher joined +with Juxon, though, as I have said before, he may, when summoned, have +avoided giving any advice. The facts seem simply these: when it was +known that the king, satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +hesitated about affixing his signature to the bill, or granting a +commission to others to do so, the London rabble, lord mayor, and +prentice lads were next called up, and the safety of the royal family +menaced. This led to the queen's solicitation, that Charles would regard +the lives of his family and sacrifice Strafford. Still the king could +not be moved. He had scruples of conscience, as well he might. This the +peers knowing, they <i>selected</i> four bishops who should satisfy these +scruples: the four thus selected were Ussher, Williams, Morton, and +Potter. On Sunday morning, the 9th of May, the <i>four</i> should have +proceeded to Whitehall: the <i>three</i> latter did so; but Ussher preferred +the safer course of going and preaching at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, +leaving to his brother bishops the task of distinguishing between the +king's private conscience and his corporate one. The king, not satisfied +to leave the matter in the hands of those specially selected to urge his +consent, summoned the Privy Council. Juxon was present as Lord +Treasurer, and gave that noble and truly Christian advice: "Sir, you +know the judgment of your own conscience; I beseech you follow that, and +trust God with the rest." Moved by this, and by his own conviction of +Strafford's innocence, the king still refused assent; and it was needful +to hold another meeting, which was done in the evening of the same day. +As evening service had not been introduced into churches, Ussher was +present at the palace, and by his silence acquiesced in the advice +tendered by Bishop Williams. After the bill was signed, he broke silence +in useless regrets. But it was then too late to benefit Strafford, and +quite safe to utter his own opinions. In opposition to this, which rests +upon indisputable evidence, and with which Ussher's own statement +entirely accords, P<span class="smcap lowercase">EREGRINUS</span> adduces the fact that Ussher attended +Strafford on the scaffold. But what does this prove? Merely that the +faction which would not tolerate that Laud or Juxon should minister the +last offices of the Church to their dying friend, did not object to +Ussher's presence; and that Strafford, who could have known nothing of +what had passed on Sunday in the interior of Whitehall, gladly accepted +the consolations of religion from the hands of the timid Primate of all +Ireland.<a id="Page_350"></a> <span class="pagenum">[350]</span></p> + +<p>The substance of what appears in Elrington's <i>Life of Ussher</i> had been +long before stated by Dr. Thomas Smith in his <i>Vita Jacobi Usserii</i>, +apud <i>Vit quorundam Erudit. et Illust. Virorum</i>; but if, in addition, +P<span class="smcap lowercase">EREGRINUS</span> would consult May's <i>History of the Long Parliament</i>; +Echard's <i>History of England</i>, bk. ii. ch. i.; Whitelocke's <i>Memorials</i>, +p. 45.; Rushworth; Collier's <i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, t. ii. p. 801.; +Dr. Knowler, in Preface to <i>The Earl of Strafford's Letters and +Dispatches</i>; Dr. South, in <i>Sermon on Rom</i>. xi. 33.; and Sir George +Radcliffe's Essay in Appendix to <i>Letters, &c. of Lord Strafford</i>, t. +ii. p. 432., I doubt not but that he will come to the conclusion that +the above sketch is only consistent with stern fact.</p> + + + <p class="right"> W. D<span class="smcap lowercase">N.</span></p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>SCULPTURED STONES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 86.)</span> +</h3> + + +<p>A<span class="smcap lowercase">BERDONIENSIS</span> tells us that Mr. Chalmers, of Auldbar, had got drawings +of the sculptured stone obelisks in Angus lithographed for the Bannatyne +Club, and that the work had excited considerable interest, and that the +Spalding Club of Aberdeen are now obtaining drawings of the stones of +this description in the north of Scotland. Circulars from the Spalding +Club desiring information had been sent to a large number of the clergy, +to which answers had been received only from a small portion, and he +desired further information. These monuments, he states, are not to be +found south of the Forth, and I am told not further north than +Sutherlandshire. It would be desirable to know what these sculptured +obelisks and the sculptures on them are; if symbolical, of what, or what +they serve to illustrate; the supposed race and date to which they are +referable. What the Veronese antiquarians, Maffei and Bianchini, did +from the nation's ancient remains to throw light on history, shows what +may be done. In Orkney no sculptured stone, or stone with a runic +inscription, has been noticed among its circles of standing stones, or +single bantasteins; and though it is right to admit that attention has +not been directed to seeking them, yet I do not believe they could have +escaped observation had there been any such. The absence of runic stones +in Orkney appears singular in a country certainly Scandinavian from its +conquest by Harald Harfager, king of Norway, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 895 (or perhaps +earlier), till its transfer to Scotland in 1468 in mortgage for a part +of the marriage portion of the Danish princess who became the queen of +James III. of Scotland by treaty between the countries of Denmark and +Norway and Scotland. In Zetland Dr. Hibbert noticed a few ruins, and +within these few days the peregrinations of the Spalding Club have +brought to notice, in the Island of Bruray, a stone of runic state, +having inscribed on it letters like runic characters, and sculptures in +relief, but decayed. A drawing is being made of it, to satisfy +antiquarian curiosity. It may merit notice that <i>no</i> runic stones have +been found in Orkney, nor circles of standing stones in Zetland. The +sculptures of classic antiquity have been made use of to elucidate +history, and it is equally to be desired that those Scottish sculptured +remains should, if possible, be rescued from what Sir Francis Palgrave +calls the "speechless past," and made to tell their tale in illustration +of the earlier period of Scottish or Caledonian story.</p> + + + <p class="right">W. H. F.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>ANAGRAMS.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 226, 297.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>As anagrams have been admitted into your pages, perhaps the following, +on the merits of your publication, may find a place.</p> + +<p>(1.) Every one will allow that + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" is <i>a +Question-Sender</i>, and a very efficient one too.</p> + +<p>(2.) Always ready to furnish information, it says to all, <i>O send in a +Request</i>.</p> + +<p>(3.) Its principles are loyal and constitutional, for its very name, in +other words, is <i>Queens and Tories</i>.</p> + +<p>(4.) It is suited to all classes, for while it instructs the people, it +<i>tires no sad queen</i>.</p> + +<p>(5.) It promotes peaceful studies so much that it <i>ends a queen's riot</i>.</p> + +<p>(6.) The new subscriber finds it so interesting that on his bookseller's +asking if he wishes to continue it, he is sure to say, <i>No end as I +request</i>.</p> + +<p>(7.) Lastly, its pages are only too absorbing; for I often observe +(after dinner) my friend <i>A—n's nose quite red</i>.</p> + +<p>Hoping the editor, who must be accustomed, from the variety of his +contributions, to (8) <i>stand queer noise</i>, will excuse this trifling, I +beg to subscribe myself,</p> + + + <p class="right">(9) D<span class="smcap lowercase">AN.</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">TONE</span>, E<span class="smcap lowercase">SQUIRE</span>.</p> + + +<p>As some of your readers feel an interest in anagrams, I venture to make +an additional contribution. Polemics apart, it will strike most persons +as remarkably happy:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"But, holie father, I am certifyed</p> + <p>That they youre power and policye deride;</p> + <p>And how of you they make an anagram,</p> + <p>The best and bitterest that the wits could frame.</p> + <p> As thus:</p> + <p><i>Supremus Pontifex Romanus.</i></p> + <p>Annagramma:</p> + <p> <i>O non sum super petram fixus.</i>"</p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">It occurs in Taylor's <i>Suddaine Turne of Fortune's Wheele</i>, lately +printed for private circulation, under the care of Mr. Halliwell.</p> + + + <p class="right"> C. H.</p> + + +<p>I am surprised not one of your correspondents has noticed the anagram by +George Herbert on<a id="Page_351"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[351]</span> <i>Roma</i>. As it is a good specimen of what may be +called "learned trifling" I subjoin a copy of it:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<p class="i3"> "Roma dabit oram, Maro,</p> +<p class="i3"> Ramo, armo, mora, et amor.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + +<p class="i5">_____________</p> + +</div> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p>"Roma tuum nomen quam non pertransiit <i>Oram</i></p> +<p class="i1">Cum Latium ferrent scula prisca jugum?</p> + <p>Non deerat vel fama tibi, vel carmina fam,</p> +<p class="i1">Unde <i>Maro</i> laudes duxit ad astra tuas.</p> + <p>At nunc exsucco similis tua gloria <i>Ramo</i></p> +<p class="i1">A veteri trunco et nobilitate cadit.</p> + <p>Laus antiqua et honor perierunt, te velut <i>Armo</i></p> +<p class="i1">Jam deturbrunt tempora longa suo.</p> + <p>Quin tibi jam desperat <i>Mora</i> nulla medetur;</p> +<p class="i1">Qua Fabio quondam sub duce nata salus.</p> + <p>Hinc te olim gentes mirat odre vicissim;</p> +<p class="i1">Et cum sublata laude recedit <i>Amor</i>."</p> + +</div> + + + + <p class="right">H. C. K.</p> + + +<p>Amongst George Herbert's <i>Poems</i> is an anagram, which I shall only +allude to, as it is upon a sacred subject; and Fulke Greville, Lord +Brooke, has left us a play upon his own name, which would scarcely +satisfy the requirements of M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>. However, I am glad of any +opportunity of referring to our great English Lucretius, and will +transcribe it:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Let no man aske my name,</p> + <p>Nor what else I should be;</p> + <p>For <i>Greiv-Ill</i>, paine, forlorne estate</p> + <p>Doe best decipher me."</p> + + <p class="author">"Clica," sonnet lxxxiii. <i>Works</i>, p. 233. Lond. 1633.</p> + +</div> + +<p>To me the most satisfactory anagram in the English language is that by +the witty satirist Cleveland upon Oliver Cromwell:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p><i>Protector. O Portet C. R.</i></p> + +<p class="author"> Cleveland's <i>Works</i>, p. 343. Lond. 1687.</p> + +</div> + + + <p class="right">R<span class="smcap lowercase">T.</span></p> + + <p class="left">Warmington, Oct. 18. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>THE LOCUSTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 255.)</span> +</h3> + + +<p>The Romaic version of Matt. iv. 4. is almost verbally taken from the +Greek, "<span title="[Greek: h de troph autou +n akrides kai meli agrion]">ἡ δὲ τροφὴ + αὐτοῦ + ἦν ἀκρίδες + καὶ μέλι + ἄγριον</span>." In Mark +i. 6., the expression is <span title="[Greek: esthin akridas]">ἐσθίων + ἀκρίδας</span>. The only other place +in the New Testament were the word <span title="[Greek: akris]">ἀκρὶς</span> is found, is in Rev. +ix. 3. 7., where it plainly means a locust.</p> + +<p>In the Septuagint version the word is commonly used for the Hebrew <span title="[Hebrew: ʼarbeh]">אַרְבֶּה</span>, +locust, of the meaning of which there is no dispute; as in Exodus, x. 4. +12, 13, 14.; Deut. xxviii. 38.; Joel, i. 4., ii. 25.; Ps. cv. 34., &c.</p> + +<p>In other places the word <span title="[Greek: akris]">ἀκρὶς</span> in the Septuagint corresponds to +<span title="[Hebrew: chgab]">חָגַב</span>, in the Hebrew, as in Numb. xiii. +33.; Is. xl. 22.; and that this was a species of locust which was +eatable, appears from Lev. xi. 21, 22.:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">"Yet there may ye eat of every <i>flying</i> creeping thing that goeth + upon all fours, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal + upon the earth; even those of them ye may eat, +the locust (<span title="[Hebrew: th hʼarbeh]">אֶת הָאַרְבֶּה</span>, +<span title="[Greek: ton brouchon]">τὸν βροῦχον</span>) after his kind, and the + bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and + the grasshopper (<span title="[Hebrew: ʼeth hechgab]">אֶת הֶחָגַב</span>, +<span title="[Greek: tn akrida]">τὴν ἀκρίδα</span>) after his + kind."</p> + + +<p>That locusts were eaten in the East is plain from Pliny, who in xi. 29. +relates this of the Parthians; and in vi. 30. of the Ethiopians, among +whom was a tribe called the Acridophagi, from their use of the +<span title="[Greek: akris]">ἀκρὶς</span> for food.</p> + +<p>There seems, then, no reason to suppose that in Matt. iv. 4., Mark i. +6., the word <span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span> should be taken to mean anything but +locusts.</p> + +<p>It was, however, a very ancient opinion that the word +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span> +here means +<span title="[Greek: akrodrya]">ἀκρόδρυα</span>, or +<span title="[Greek: akra dryn]">ἄκρα δρύων</span>, or +<span title="[Greek: akremones]">ἀκρέμονες</span>, or +<span title="[Greek: akrismata]">ἀκρίσματα</span>, the ends of the branches of trees; +although the word +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span> is never used in this sense by pure +Greek writers.</p> + + +<p class="right"> T. C.</p> + +<p class="left"> Durham.</p> + + +<p>The interpretation of +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span> (Matt. iii. 4.) suggested to +<span title="[Greek: Boreas]">Βορέας</span> is not new. Isidorus Pelusiota (Epist. i. 132.) says:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "<span title="[Greek: hai akrides, hais Ianns etrepheto, ou za eisin, hs +tines oiontai amaths, kantharois apeoikota; m genoito; all' +akremones botann phytn]">αἱ ἀκρίδες, + αἷς Ἰωάννης + ἐτρέφετο, οὐ ζῶά + εἰσιν, ὥς + τινες οἴονται + ἀμαθῶς, κανθάροις + ἀπεοίκοτἀπεοικότα· + μὴ γένοιτο· ἀλλ' + ἀκρέμονες + βοτανῶν ἢ + φυτῶν</span>."</p> + + +<p>Chrysostom, Theophylact, and others, either adopt or quote the same +interpretation, as may be seen by referring to Suicer, <i>Thes. Eccl.</i>, +under the word +<span title="[Greek: Akris]">Ἀκρίς</span>.</p> + +<p>But in the absence of any direct proof that the word was ever used in +this sense, I do not think it safe to adopt interpretations which +possibly rested only on some tradition.</p> + +<p>There is positive proof that locusts were eaten by some people. In Lev. +xi. 22. we have,</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "These of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the + bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and + the grasshopper after his kind."</p> + + +<p>In this passage we find +<span title="[Greek: akrida]">ἀκρίδα</span> used by the LXX. +for the Hebrew +<span title="[Hebrew: chgab]">חָגַב</span>, the last of the four kinds specified. I find in several +commentators whom I have consulted, reference to Bochart's +<i>Hierozoicon</i>, ii. 4. 7., but as I have not the book by me, I must be +content with referring your correspondent to it; and if he will look at +the commentaries of Elsner and Kuinoel, and Schleusner's <i>Lexicon</i>, he +will find references to so many authors in confirmation of the fact in +question, that I think he will not disagree with me in concluding that +where the balance of learned opinion, as well as of evidence, is so +great in favour of one interpretation, we ought not rashly to take up +another, however intelligent the party may be by whom it was suggested.</p> + +<p>I have just looked into Wolfius on the New Testament, and there find a +list of writers who +<a id="Page_352"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[352]</span> have adopted the interpretations of the +Father above mentioned, and also a host of others who defend the +received explanation. If they should be within the reach of +<span title="[Greek: Boreas]">Βορέας</span> (as most of them are not in mine), he will be able to balance +their arguments for himself.</p> + + + <p class="right"> <span title="[Hebrew: B.]">ב.</span></p> + +<p class="left"> L—— Rectory, Somerset.</p> + + +<p>Perhaps the following may be useful to your correspondent +<span title="[Greek: Boreas]">Βορέας</span> on the word +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span>, St. Matt. iii. 4.</p> + +<p>Lev. xi. 22., we have an enumeration of the various kinds of locusts +known to the Jews, viz. the locust proper, the bald locust, beetle, +grasshopper; rendered in the Vulgate respectively, <i>bruchus</i>, <i>attacus</i>, +<i>ophiomachus</i>, <i>locusta</i>, the latter by the Septuagint, +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span>. The Hebrew +<span title="[Hebrew: ʼarbeh]">אַרְבֶּה</span>, the + locust proper, from +<span title="[Hebrew: ravah]">רָבָה</span>, +to multiply, is used chiefly for the ravaging locust, as Exod. x. 12., +probably a larger kind; while +<span title="[Hebrew: chgab]">חָגַב</span>, which is translated +<i>grasshopper</i> in our version above, Vulg. <i>locusta</i>, Sept. +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span>, rendered by Fuerstius (<i>Heb. Conc.</i>) <i>locusta gregaria</i>, is +mostly used as implying diminutiveness, as Numbers, xiii. 33., and but +once as a devouring insect, 2 Chro. vii. 13. It is translated +indiscriminately, in our version, <i>locust</i> and <i>grasshopper</i>; all these +were edible and permitted to the Jews. Singularly enough, there is one +passage in which this word +<span title="[Hebrew: chgab]">חָגַב</span> is used, viz. Eccl. xii. 5., in +which it is doubted by some whether it may not mean a vegetable; but +this is not the opinion of the best authorities. The observation of +Grotius, by-the-bye, on the place is extremely curious, differing from +all the other commentators.</p> + +<p>What we learn from the Old Testament, then is the probability that +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span> meant a smaller kind of locust; and that they were +edible and permitted to the Jews. We have abundant evidence, moreover, +from other quarters, that these locusts were prized as food by +frequenters of the desert. Joh. Leo (<i>Descript. Afric</i>, book ix., +quoted by Drusius, <i>Crit. Sac.</i>) says:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">"Arabi desert et Liby populi locustarum adventum pro felici + habent omine; nam vel elixas, vel ad solem desiccatas, in farinam + tundunt atque edunt."</p> + + +<p>Again, <i>Mercurialis, de Morb. Puerorum</i>, i. 3. ap. eun.:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "Refert Agatharchides, in libro de Mare Rubro, +<span title="[Greek: akridophagous]">ἀκριδοφάγους</span>, i.e. eos qui vescuntur locustis, corpora habere + maxime extenuata et macilenta."</p> + + +<p class="noindent">Fit food, therefore, of the ascetic. Theophylact understood by +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span> a wild herb or fruit; but all the most trustworthy commentators +besides were of opinion that an animal was intended.</p> + +<p>The modern Greek interpretation of +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span>, "the young and +tender shoots of plants," may perhaps be traced in what Balth. +<a id="Stolbergius"></a>Stolbergius (see his essay on this passage, the most copious of any) +says; maintaining it to be an animal, he adds,—</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "Insectum, infirmis pennis alatum, ac proinde altius non evolans, + sic dictum ab uredine locorum qu attingit; quasi loca usta. + Grc, +<span title="[Greek: akris, para tas akras +tn astachyn kai tn phytn nomesthai]">ἀκρὶς, παρὰ τὰς ἄκρας +τῶν ἀσταχύων καὶ τῶν φυτῶν + νόμεσθαι</span>."</p> + + +<p>The following from <i>Hieron. adv. Jovinian</i>, ii. 6., quoted by Drusius, +while it asserts that locusts were esteemed as food in some countries, +will, perhaps, account for the unwillingness of the Greek friend of your +correspondent +<span title="[Greek: Boreas]">Βορέας</span> to recognise an animal in the +<span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span> of John the Baptist:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">"Apud orientales et Liby populos, quia per desertum et calidam + eremi vastitatem locustarum nubes reperiuntur, locustis vesci + moris est; hoc verum esse Johannes quoque Baptista probat. + Compelle Phrygem et Ponticum ut locustas comedat, nefas putabit."</p> + + +<p class="right">H. C. K.</p> + +<p class="left"> —— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + +<p>Will you permit me to observe that the proper word is <i>locusts</i>? For I +remember when I was at Constantinople in the year 1809, that passing +through the fruit and vegetable bazaar, I observed some dried fruits, +resembling a large French bean pod; they appeared dry, and were of a +brown colour. I inquired the name of "the fruit;" I was told they were +"locusts." I was struck with the name, for I remembered the passage in +the New Testament, and I could not reconcile my mind to St. John living +upon locusts (the insects) and wild honey. I immediately tasted some of +the fruit, and found it sweet and good, something similar to the date, +but not so good, although nutritious. I was thus instantly convinced of +the possibility of St. John living upon "locusts and wild honey" in the +desert. I have related to you this fact as it occurred to me. The locust +tree must be well known amongst horticulturists. I do not pretend to +enter into the question whether the translation is right or wrong, as I +am no "scollard," as the old woman said.</p> + + + <p class="right">J. B<span class="smcap lowercase">L.</span></p> + + +<p>There is in Malta, the north of Africa, and Syria, a tree called the +locust tree; it bears a pod resembling the bean, and affords in those +countries food for both man and horse, which I have no doubt in my own +mind is the locust of the New Testament. If your correspondent feels +curious on the subject, I would search the bottom of my portmanteau, and +perhaps might be able to forward him a specimen.</p> + + + <p class="right"> J. W.</p> + + +<p>Relative to the meaning of +<span title="[Greek: Akrides]">Ἀκρίδες</span> in Matt. iii., I beg to +refer your correspondent +<span title="[Greek: Boreas]">Βορέας</span> to the note in Dr. Burton's +<i>Gr. Test.</i>, where he will find reference to the authors who have +discussed the question.<a id="Page_353"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[353]</span></p> + + + <p class="right"> D<span class="smcap lowercase">X.</span></p> + + + + +<h3> +<span>THE SOUL'S ERRAND.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 274.)</span> +</h3> + + +<p>This beautiful little poem is assigned by Bishop Percy to Sir Walter +Raleigh, by whom it is said to have been written the night before his +execution; this assertion is, however, proved to be unfounded, from the +fact that Raleigh was not executed until 1618, and the poem in question +was printed in the second edition of Francis Davidson's <i>Poetical +Rhapsody</i>, in 1608. "It is nevertheless possible," observes Sir Harris +Nicolas (Introduction to <i>Poetical Rhapsody</i>, p. ci.), "that it was +written by Raleigh the night before he <i>expected</i> to have been executed +at Winchester, November, 1603, a circumstance which is perfectly +reconcileable to dates, and in some degree accounts for the tradition +alluded to." This ground must be now abandoned, as it is certain that +MS. copies of the poem exist of a still earlier date. Malone had a MS. +copy of it dated 1595 (<i>Shakspeare by Boswell</i>, vol. ii. p. 579.); +Brydges speaks of one in the British Museum dated 1596 (<i>Lee Priory +edit. of Raleigh's Works</i>, vol. viii. p. 725.); and Campbell says, "it +can be traced to a MS. of a date as early as 1593" (<i>Specimens</i>, p. 57. +second edit.).</p> + +<p>"The Soul's Errand" is found in the folio edition of Joshua Sylvester's +<i>Works</i>, and also in the poems of Lord Pembroke. Ritson, whose authority +merits some attention, peremptorily attributes it to Francis Davison. +"<i>The Answer to the Lye</i>," he observes, "usually ascribed to Raleigh, +and pretended to have been written the night before his execution, was +in fact by Francis Davison" (<i>Bib. Poet.</i> p. 308.).</p> + +<p>The evidence in favour of these three claimants has been well examined +by the Rev. John Hannah (see <i>Poems by Sir Henry Wotton, Sir Walter +Raleigh, and others</i>, 12mo. 1845, pp. 89-99.), and completely set aside. +The same gentleman has printed a curious poetical piece, from an old MS. +Miscellany in the Chetham Library at Manchester (8012. p. 107), which +does something to establish Raleigh's claim. It commences as follows:—</p> + + + +<div class="poem"> + +<p>"Go, Eccho of the minde; </p> +<p>A careles troth protest; </p> +<p>Make answere y<span class="topnum">t</span> <i>rude</i> </p> +<p><i>Rawly</i> No stomack can disgest."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="blockquot"> "In these verses (remarks Mr. Hannah) three points especially + deserve attention; first, that they assign the disputed poem to + Raleigh <i>by name</i>; next, that they were written <i>when he was + still alive</i>, as is plain from the concluding stanza; and lastly, + that they give the reason why it has been found so difficult to + discover its true author, for the 13th stanza intimates that 'The + Lie' was anonymous, though its writer was not altogether + unknown."</p> + + +<p>Many MS. copies of "The Soul's Errand" exist. Two of them have been +printed at the end of Sir Harris Nicolas's edition of Davison's +<i>Poetical Rhapsody</i>; the one from Harl. MS. 2296., the other from a +manuscript in the same collection, No. 6910.; the readings of which not +only differ materially from each other, but in a slight degree also from +the printed copies. The title in Davison is "The Lie," which is retained +by Percy; that of "The Soul's Errand" was taken by Ellis from +Sylvester's <i>Works</i>. In some copies it is called "The Farewell."</p> + + + <p class="right"> E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT.</span></p> + + +<p>The lines reported to have been written by Sir Walter Raleigh the night +before his execution were <i>not</i>, I think, those alluded to by GROTUS. +In the <i>Reliqui Wottonian</i> are some few "poems found amongst the +papers of Sir Henry Wotton," one of which is headed "Sir Walter Raleigh +the Night before his Death," and is this:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Even such is <i>time</i> that takes on trust</p> + <p class="i1">Our <i>youth</i>, our <i>joyes</i>, our all we have,</p> + <p>And pays us but with <i>age</i> and <i>dust</i>;</p> + <p class="i1">Who in the dark and silent grave</p> + <p>(When we have wandered all our ways)</p> + <p>Shuts up the story of our days.</p> + <p>But from this <i>earth</i>, this <i>grave</i>, this <i>dust</i>,</p> + <p>My God shall raise me up, I trust."—W. R.</p> + + <p class="author"> P. 396, 3d edition, London, 1672.</p> + +</div> + +<p>In the <i>Collection of Sacred Poetry</i>, edited for the Parker Society by +Mr. Farr (vol. i. p. 236.), the lines I have adduced are headed "An +Epitaph" and attributed to Sir W. Raleigh on the above melancholy +occasion.</p> + +<p>"The Soul's Errand," which <span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span> quotes from, is entitled "The +Farewell" in the same collection; but so much ambiguity rests upon Sir +Walter's poetry that I shall merely add my conviction that the "Epitaph" +is only a fragment—"judicent peritiores."</p> + +<p class="right"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">T.</span></p> + +<p class="left"> Warmington, Oct. 14. 1851.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [B<span class="smcap lowercase">ARTANUS</span>, J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LGOR</span>, H. E. H. have also kindly replied to this + Query.]</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>THE TWO DRS. ABERCROMBIE.<br /> +(Vol. iii., p. 209.)</span> +</h3> + +<p>It does not appear that David and Patrick Abercromby either studied or +graduated at the University of Leyden. Their names are not found in the +alphabetic registers of the students matriculated in the University. +<a id="University3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 3." href="#fn3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> For +this reason the academic dissertations of these two physicians will +be sought in vain in the University library. Three works of David +Abercromby are, however, here:<a id="Page_354"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[354]</span></p> + + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i3"> 1. "Tuta ac Efficax</p> + <p class="i1"> Luis Venere, spe absque</p> + <p>Mercurio, ac semper absque</p> + <p class="i3"> Salivatione Mercuriali</p> + <p class="i3"> Curand Methodus.</p> +<p> Authore Davide Abercromby, M.D.<br /> + Londini, impensis Samuel Smith ad insigne principis<br /> + in Cœmiterio Divi Pauli. +<span class="smcap lowercase">MDCLXXXIV.</span>"</p> +<p class="author"> Dedicated to + Dr. Whistlero (Dubam, Londini, 7th Apr. 1684).</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i3"> 2. "Davidis Abercromby, M.D.</p> + <p class="noindent"> De variatione, ac varietate Pulsus Observationes</p> + <p class="i3"> accessit ejusdem authoris</p> + <p class="i5"> Nova Medicin</p> + <p class="i4"> tum Speculativ,</p> + <p class="i3"> Tum Practic Clavis</p> + <p class="i5"> Sive ars</p> + <p>Explorandi Medic Plantarum ac Corporum quorum cumque<br /> + Facultatis ex solo sapore.—Imp. Samuel<br /> + Smith. Londini, <span class="smcap lowercase">MDCLXXXV</span>. in 8vo." </p> + <p class="author">Dedicated to Robert Boyle.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i3"> 3. "Davidis Abercrombii,</p> + <p class="i5"> Scoto-Britanni</p> + <p class="i3"> Philosoph. ac Med. Doct.</p> + <p class="i5"> Fur Academicus.</p> + <p>Amstelodami, apud Abrahamum Wolfgang, 1689."</p> + <p class="author">Dedicated + to Jacobus Cuperus<br /> + (classis ex Indi nuper + reducis archithalasso.)</p> + +</div> + + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#University3" class="label">[3]</a>These + are now under the care of Professor N. C. Kist of +Leyden. It is to be regretted that they are not printed.</p> + +<p>Here is a list of the Abercrombys who have studied at Leyden, with the +dates of their matriculation:—</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "6. Oct. 1713. Alexander Abercromby, Scotus, an. 21. Stud. + Juris."</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"25. Oct. 1724. Georgius Abercromby, an. 21, et Jacobus + Abercromby, an. 20, Scoto-Britanni, Stud. Juris. Residing with + Beeck in the Brustraet."</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"18. Nov. 1724. Jacobus Abercromby, Scotus, an. 24. Stud. Juris. + Resides with S. Rosier, in the Moorstug."</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"3. Aug. 1725. Georgius Abercromby, Scoto-Britannus, an. 22. + Stud. Juris. Apud J. Boudar, in the Brustraet."</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"3. Aug. 1725. Jacobus Abercromby, Scoto-Brit., an. 20. Stud. + Juris. Apud eundem."</p> + + +<p>There is no other dissertation or work of the Abercrombys in the library +or the university here.</p> + + <p class="right"> E<span class="smcap lowercase">LSEVIR.</span></p> + + <p class="left">Leyden.</p> + + + +<p class="blockquot"> [We are indebted to the kindness of the Editor of the + <i>Navorscher</i> for this extract from his forthcoming number.]</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span> +</h3> + + +<h4> +<span><i>Dacre Monument at Hurstmonceux</i></span> + <span>(Vol. ii., p. 478.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—E. V. asks for the +names of the bearers of the following coats of arms on the monument to +the Dacre family in Hurstmonceux church. I beg to supply them:</p> + +<p>1. Sab. a cross or. Havenell.</p> + +<p>2. Barry of six arg. and az. a bend gules. Grey.</p> + +<p>3. Arg. a fess gules. Doddingsells.</p> + +<p>4. Quarterly or and gules an escarbuncle of eight rays floratty sab. +Mandeville, first Earl of Essex. Granted 1139.</p> + +<p>5. Barry of six arg. and gules. Bayouse.</p> + +<p>6. Az. an inescocheon in an orle of martlets or. Schatterset and +Walcott.</p> + +<p>I cannot find one with the inescocheon charged.</p> + +<p>In the following page, 479., J. D. S. asks the name of the bearer of a +coat in the great east window of the choir of Exeter cathedral, viz. +argent, a cross between four crescents gules. I beg to inform him that +arg. a cross <i>engrailed</i> between four crescents gules belongs to +Bernham. Also, that arg. a cross <i>flory</i> between four crescents gules, +belongs to the name of Tylly, or Tyllet, or Tillegh, of Dorsetshire.</p> + + + <p class="right"> H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="left"> —— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Book-plates</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., pp. 46. 93.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—An instance +of what may be considered as an early example of a book-plate, occurs +pasted upon the fly-leaf of a MS. in the College amongst Philpot's +<i>Collections</i> (marked P. e. 15.), being an engraving of a blank shield, +with a helmet and lambrequin, and a compartment for the motto; the whole +surrounded by a border ornamented with flowers; altogether well +engraved. The shield contains six quarterings, very neatly sketched with +pen and ink; and the helmet is surmounted by a crest, also neatly +sketched. In the upper part of the border, occupying a space evidently +intended to be filled up, is the autograph of "Joseph Holand;" while a +similar space in the lower part contains the date of "1585" in the same +hand, in which also the motto "Fortitudo mea Deus," is written within +the compartment above mentioned. The following, which is a collateral +proof of the age of the book-plate, is likewise an autograph title to +the MS.:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot">"In this booke are conteyned the armes of the nobylytye of + Ireland and of certeyne gentilmen of the same countrye. Joseph + Holand, 1585."</p> + + +<p>This Joseph Holand was father of Philip Holand, who was Portcullis +<i>tempore</i> James I., and Gibbon, Bluemantle, says he was a "collector of +rarities."</p> + +<p>By the kindness of an antiquarian friend I have three impressions of +different book-plates of the celebrated Pepys. I am not aware that they +are rare; but one is curious, as consisting merely of his initials "S. +P." in ornamented Roman capitals, elegantly and tastefully interlaced +with two anchors and cables, with his motto in a scroll above them.</p> + + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span>, York Herald.</p> + + <p class="left"> College of Arms.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 251.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—I beg to +acknowledge the favor of M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY'S</span> communication (which, from an +accident, I have only just seen) respecting a sermon of Bishop Taylor's, +and to inform him that I have been intending to produce it in the +concluding<a id="Page_355"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[355]</span> volume (vol. i. of the series), which will contain +several small pieces. I have been aware of the existence of it from the +first, the volume in question being in the Bodleian Catalogue.</p> + +<p>May I take the opportunity of adding, how much I feel obliged by any +communication respecting Bishop Taylor's Works.</p> + + + <p class="right">C. P<span class="smcap lowercase">AGE</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">DEN.</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Moonlight</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 273.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The effects of the moonlight on animal +matter is well known to the inhabitants of warm climates. I remember +that when I resided in Bermuda, if the meat (which was usually hung out +at night) was exposed to the rays of the moon it putrified directly. I +was frequently cautioned by the inhabitants to beware of the moon +shining upon me when asleep, as it caused the most dangerous and +virulent fevers. Another curious power of the moonlight was that of +developing temporary blindness, caused by the glare of the sun on bright +objects. I have often seen persons stumbling and walking as quite blind, +in a moonlight so bright I could see to read by; these were principally +soldiers who had been employed during the day working on the fort and on +the white stone. On hearing the surgeon of the regiment mention that +two-thirds of the men were troubled with it, causing a greater amount of +night-work as sentries to the few who were able to see at night, I +suggested to him the following plan mentioned in a story I had read many +years before in <i>Blackwood</i>:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"A pirate ship in those latitudes was several times nearly + captured, owing to all the men being moon-blind at night; the + captain ordered all his men to bind up one eye during the day, + and by this means they could see with that eye to navigate the + ship at night."</p> + +<p>My friend the surgeon tried the experiment, and found bandaging the eyes +at night, and giving them complete rest, restored in time their sight at +moonlight.</p> + + <p class="right">M. E. C. T.</p> + +<p>That the light of the moon accelerates putrefaction is more than an +unfounded popular opinion. I have heard it repeatedly asserted by +observant and sober-minded naval officers as a fact, established by +experience in tropical climates. Their constant testimony was, that when +there is no moon the fresh meat is hung over the stern of the ship at +night for coolness; but if this is done when the moon shines, the meat +becomes unfit to eat.</p> + +<p>The Query will probably elicit an answer from some one able to speak +more directly upon the subject. It well deserves further inquiry.</p> + + + <p class="right"> T. C.</p> + + <p class="left"> Durham, Oct. 15.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Flatman and Pope</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).</span> +</h4> + + +<p>—"The Thought on Death," +by Flatman, is referred to by Wharton, Bowles, and other editors of +Pope. Flatman's <i>Poems</i> were first printed in 1674; 2ndly, 1676; 3rdly, +1682; and 4thly and lastly, 1686. The above occurs in the first edition.</p> + +<p>For an account of Flatman, see Walpole's <i>Anecdotes of Painters</i>, vol. +iii. p. 20., ed. 1765; Granger's <i>Biog. Hist.</i>; and Wood's <i>Athen</i>.</p> + +<p>Some verses by him on his son, who died 1682, aged ten years, and +inscribed on his monument in St. Bride's Church, will be found in Stow +by Strype, vol. i. p. 740. ed. 1754.</p> + +<p>Flatman wrote a preface to Shipman's <i>Poems</i>, and verses to Sanderson's +<i>Graphice</i>, fol.; also to Walton in Chalkhill's <i>Thealma and Clearchus</i>, +and Johnson's (Wm.) <i>Narrative of Deliverance at Sea</i>, 18mo. 3d edit. +1672.</p> + + + <p class="right"><span title="[Greek: p.]">π.</span></p> + + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Berlin Time</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 256.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—Is your correspondent very sure that +the astronomers of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain begin the day at +midnight? I turn to Herschel's <i>Outlines of Astronomy</i> (p. 86.), and I +find that astronomers (without any limitation) commenced their day at +noon. Sir John Herschel is inclined to think that it would be better to +commence at midnight with the world at large. Surely if the foreign +astronomers <i>already did this</i>, he would not have failed to cite their +example, and to remind the English astronomers that they stood alone; +but of this he does not give the smallest hint.</p> + + + <p class="right"> A L<span class="smcap lowercase">EARNER.</span></p> + + +<p>Your correspondent D<span class="smcap lowercase">X.</span> is mistaken in supposing that "foreigners +ordinarily commence the astronomical day at midnight."</p> + +<p>With respect to France, in the <i>Explication et Usage des Articles de la +Connaissance des Temps</i> it is expressly stated: "Le jour astronomique +<i>commence midi</i>."</p> + +<p>And in the explanation appended to the <i>Berlin Jahrbuch</i>, it is in like +manner distinctly laid down:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "The time which must be always understood, unless it is otherwise + particularly expressed, is the mean time of the meridian of the + New Berlin Observatory, which is taken to be 44<span class="topnum">m</span> 140<span class="topnum">s</span> eastward + of Paris, and 53<span class="topnum">m</span> 355<span class="topnum">s</span> eastward of Greenwich. <i>The beginning + of the day is at noon.</i>"</p> + + +<p>The <i>civil</i> day always commences at the midnight preceding this +<i>astronomical</i> day.</p> + +<p>It follows that Sept. 17, 3<span class="topnum">h</span> 40<span class="topnum">m</span> 30<span class="topnum">s</span> Greenwich mean time, is simply +Sept. 17, 4<span class="topnum">h</span> 34<span class="topnum">m</span> 55<span class="topnum">s</span> Berlin mean time. +</p> + + <p class="right"> T. C.</p> + + <p class="left"> Durham.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Ruined Churches</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 261.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The old church of St. John in +the Wilderness, near Exmouth, can hardly be said to be <i>in ruins</i>, in +the sense before implied with regard to marriages, &c. It is +<i>dilapidated</i>, and almost deserted; but on visiting it a few days since, +I found it securely locked, the nave weather tight, and sufficiently +furnished for baptisms, marriages, and burials, with surplice, two +Prayer Books, Bible, table, font, bier, and bell. They had certainly all +seen their best days; but on that account perhaps they are supposed to +be more in keeping with the general state of the venerable fabric.<a id="Page_356"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[356]</span> +</p> + +<p>It is, in fact, the mother church of others in the vicinity, which are +only chapels of ease; but as the population increased around them, and +fell away, from some cause or other, from the precincts of the old +church, it seems to have been deserted and dismantled of everything but +what is barely necessary for burials, and an occasional wedding and +baptism. It is the south aisle only which has been removed, and that by +authority, many years ago; but certainly, it has on that side, and from +the want of glass in the fine tower window, a desolate and ruinous +appearance. In the churchyard there is a most venerable specimen of a +noble yew-tree.</p> + + + <p class="right"> H. T. E.</p> + + <p class="left">Clyst St. George, Oct. 10. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Italian Writer on Political Economy—Death of Carli</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 175.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—It is inquired, "What was the first work by an Italian writer on +any element of political economy? and in what year did Carli, the +celebrated economist, die?" The latter question I at once answer by +stating that it was on the 22d of February, 1795, in his seventy-fifth +year, having been born at Cape d'Istria, an episcopal town of Illyria, +April, 1720, of a noble family. His collected works, embracing almost +the <i>omne scibile</i>, were published in 1784-1794, nineteen octavo +volumes, at Milan, <i>Delle Opere del Signor Gianrinaldo Conte Carli, +Presidente Emerito del Supremo Conciglio di Pubblica Economia, &c.</i> The +first publication, confined to fifteen volumes, was extended to nineteen +by him, <i>Delle Antichit Italiche, con Appendice, de' Documenti, &c.</i>, +1793-1795. Few writers have exceeded him in the variety of his subjects, +which combined the drama, poetry, translations, history, philosophy, the +monetary system, political economy, &c. As to your correspondent + A<span class="smcap lowercase">LPHA'S</span> +first inquiry, it will be satisfactorily answered by consulting the +collection printed at Milan in 1803, <i>Scrittori Classici Italiani</i>, +first volume of the fifty in 8vo., to which the entire extend up to that +period, since when several have appeared.</p> + + + <p class="right"> J. R.</p> + + <p class="left"> Cork.</p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 316.).</span> +</h4> + + +<p>—The four +lines inscribed in the copy of Sallust mentioned by C., and which have +been <i>supposed</i> to be the composition of the Queen of Scots, will be +found in the second book of Ovid's <i>Amores</i>, Elegia 18, ll. 5-8.</p> + + + <p class="right">C. W. G.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Surplices</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 192.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—In reference to the origin, use, &c. +of this and other ecclesiastical vestments, let J. Y. consult the +following authorities:—Bona, <i>Rerum Liturgicarum</i>, lib. i. cap. 24.; +Gerberti <i>Vetus Liturgia Alemannica</i>, tom. i. disquisit. iii. cap 3.; +Goar, <i>Rituale Grcum</i>; Du Cange's <i>Glossary</i>; and, <i>Ferrarius de Re +Vestiaria</i>. The information on the subject, hence to be obtained, is +briefly epitomised in the appendix to Palmer's <i>Antiq. of the English +Liturgy</i>. Let J. Y. also look at Hawkins' <i>Hist. Music</i>, vol. ii. p. +432.; vol. iii. p. 71.; likewise at Bishop Challoner's <i>Garden of the +Soul</i>, pp. x. 123. (edit. 1824); and, if he have a full abundance of +leisure, with sufficient resolution to abandon it to an undertaking so +pregnant with instructiveness, let him too, by all means, "explore with +curious search" the controversial writings of the early periods of +Puritanism, on the sadly vexed question of the habits of the clergy, to +which he will find abundant reference in all our Anglican church +histories.</p> + + + <p class="right">C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWGILL.</span></p> + + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Continental Watchmen and their Songs</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 206.).—</span> +</h4> + +<div class="poem"> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p> THE MANNER OF WATCHMEN INTIMATING THE + TIME AT HERRNHUTH, GERMANY.</p> + + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p>Past eight o'clock! O Herrnhuth, do thou ponder:</p> + <p> Eight souls in Noah's ark were living yonder.</p> + <p> 'Tis nine o'clock: ye brethren, hear it striking;</p> + <p> Keep hearts and houses clean, to our Saviour's liking.</p> + <p>Now brethren, hear, the clock is ten and passing:</p> + <p>None rest but such as wait for Christ embracing.</p> + <p> Eleven is past! still at this hour of eleven,</p> + <p>The Lord is calling us from earth to heaven.</p> + <p> Ye, brethren, hear, the midnight clock is humming:</p> + <p> At midnight our great Bridegroom will be coming.</p> + <p>Past one o'clock! the day breaks out of darkness;</p> + <p> Great morning star appear, and break our hardness!</p> + <p> 'Tis two! on Jesus wait this silent season,</p> + <p> Ye two so near related, Will and Reason.</p> + <p> The clock is three! the blessed Three doth merit</p> + <p> The best of praise, from body, soul, and spirit.</p> + <p> 'Tis four o'clock, when three make supplication</p> + <p> The Lord will be the fourth on that occasion.</p> + <p> Five is the clock! five virgins were discarded,</p> + <p>When five with wedding garments were rewarded.</p> + <p> The clock is six, and I go off my station;</p> + <p> Now, brethren, <i>watch yourselves for your salvation</i>.</p> + + </div> + +</div> + + <p class="right">F. B. R<span class="smcap lowercase">ELTON.</span></p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>Horology</i></span> +<span> (Vol. iv., p. 175.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—H. C. K. inquires for the best +<i>scientific</i> work on horology. In my searches after the history of time +keeping in all ages, I found none more useful than a little tract, the +production of a watchmaker, and to be had at 81. Fleet Street. The +<i>Mirror</i> of 1824 contains some interesting notes on this subject.</p> + + + <p class="right"> C. R.</p> + + <p class="right">Paternoster Row.</p> + + + +<h4> +<span><i>The Aneroid Barometer</i> </span> +<span>(Vol. iv., p. 295.).</span> +</h4> + +<p>—The intended signification +of this name, "aneroid," can of course be only determined by the person +who conferred it; upon any less direct authority the derivation quoted +from Mr. Dent's description can scarcely be received. The meaning<a id="Page_357"></a> +<span class="pagenum">[357]</span> of +<span title="[Greek: nros]">νηρὸς</span> + is <i>moist</i>, rather than <i>fluid</i>; but even +admitting the latter signification, then the last syllable ought surely +to be referred, not to +<span title="[Greek: eidos]">εἰδος</span>, but to its root +<span title="[Greek: eid]">εἰδω</span> +(scio); <i>perceivable without fluid</i> being a much better characteristic +than <i>a form without fluid</i>.</p> + +<p>But taking into consideration the peculiar construction of this sort of +barometer, its flexible diaphragm supported from within against the +pressure of the atmosphere, may not its name have been derived from +<span title="[Greek: ana]">ἀνὰ</span> (adversus), +<span title="[Greek: ar]">ἀὴρ</span> (aer), and +<span title="[Greek: oidos]">οἶδος</span> (tumor)?</p> + + +<p class="right"> A. E. B.</p> + + + + + +<h2> +<span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span> +</h2> + + +<h3> +<span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span> +</h3> + + +<p><i>The Chronological New Testament, in which the Text of the Authorised +Version is newly divided into Paragraphs and Sections, with the Dates +and Places of Transactions marked, the Marginal Renderings of the +Translators, many Parallel Illustrative Passages printed at length, +brief Introductions to each Book, and a Running Analysis of the +Epistles</i>, is another and most praiseworthy attempt "to make our +invaluable English version more intelligible to devout students of the +Word of God," by the various helps in arrangement and printing set forth +in the ample title-page which we have just transcribed. All such +endeavors to increase that "knowledge which maketh wise unto salvation" +carry within themselves the elements of success; and we shall be the +more glad to find that the present work meets with the patronage it +deserves, as we may then look for the Old Testament on the same plan.</p> + +<p>Those of our readers who remember the parallel which Bishop Ken drew +between himself and</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>Bless'd Gregory, whose patriarchal height</p> + <p>Shed on the Eastern sphere celestial light,</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">and who may desire to read the life of him whom that great ornament of +our Church chose for his model, will thank us for drawing their +attention to <i>Gregory of Nazianzum—a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical +History of the Fourth Century</i>, by Professor Ullman of Heidelberg, which +has just been translated by Mr. G. V. Cox. The translator has for the +present confined himself to that part of Dr. Ullman's volume which +relates to the life of Gregory, and is therefore more attractive to the +general reader; the dogmatic part, or the statements and examination of +Gregory's theological opinions, being for the present withheld. In this +we think Mr. Cox has done wisely, since we have no doubt that the +present volume will be read with great interest by many who will gladly +dwell upon the life and practice of this distinguished Father of the +Church, but who would be turned aside from its perusal, from their +unwillingness or inability to enter upon any such investigation as is +implied in the critical examination of Gregory's theological opinions.</p> + +<p>We have again to thank Dr. Latham for an important contribution towards +a proper knowledge of our own tongue; and it would be difficult to point +out a more successful combination of ethnological and philological +knowledge than is exhibited in his newly-published <i>Hand-book of the +English Language, for the Use of Students of the Universities and Higher +Classes of Schools</i>. We cannot of course enter into any analysis of a +work which is as replete with interest and amusement as it is with +instruction; but we may point out as peculiarly deserving of attention +the first part, which treats of the Germanic origin of the English +language; and the second, which treats of its history and analysis. We +are glad to see Dr. Latham's view of the Frisian share in the invasion +of this country.</p> + +<p>The commendations so universally bestowed upon Mr. Grant for the +research, accuracy, and picturesque interest displayed in his <i>Memorials +of the Castle of Edinburgh</i>, and his <i>Memoirs of Sir W. Kirkaldy of +Grange</i>, may be extended to him for his <i>Memoirs and Adventures of Sir +John Hepburn, Knight, Governor of Munich, Marshal of France under Louis +XIII., and Commander of the Scots Brigade under Gustavus Adolphus</i>. He +has on this, as on former occasions, the advantage of a new and +interesting subject; and by grouping round his hero—whose conduct and +bravery won for him the reputation of being esteemed the best of that +warlike age, next to Gustavus himself—all the great leaders in that +struggle for the liberties of Germany, the Thirty Years' War—he has +produced a volume which will be read with great interest, not only for +the picture it exhibits of the distinguished soldier of fortune who +forms its immediate subject, but also for its record of the services of +the Scottish troops who served in the German wars under Gustavus +Adolphus.</p> + +<p><i>A Little Earnest Book upon a Great Old Subject</i>, in which Mr. Wilson +endeavors to pourtray the thoughts and feelings of the poet, will be +read with pleasure by all who agree with him that poetry rightly +understood is associated with everything that is eternal and just, true +and elevating, tender and loving. It is a little book of quaint and +pleasant thoughts, quaintly got up, and beautifully illustrated.</p> + +<p>Mr. Mitchell, of Bond Street, announces a beautifully illustrated work +on <i>The Parables of our Saviour</i>, to be engraved in the line manner by +the best artists from the designs of Franklin.</p> + +<p>The Sales of Books, &c., those heralds of the coming winter, are +beginning. Messrs. Puttick and Simpson commence this day a six days' +sale of valuable books removed from the country, including many curious +and rare works. On Monday Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will commence +their season by selling a portion of the valuable library of a gentleman +deceased, which will occupy them for four days; and on Monday and the +fifteen following days Messrs. Foster and Son will be engaged in the +disposal of that matchless series of examples of Medival Architecture, +and of other objects of decorative art, remarkable alike for their +beauty, rarity, and historical value, so long known as the <i>Cottingham +Museum</i>.</p> + +<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED.</span>—J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 30. +of Books Old and New; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List of +Miscellaneous English Books.</p> + + + +<h3> +<span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br /> +WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span> +</h3> + + +<p class="indh">W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIS'S</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RCHITECTURE OF THE</span> + M<span class="smcap lowercase">IDDLE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">GES.</span> (10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> will be paid for +a copy in good condition.)<a id="Page_358"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[358]</span></p> + +<p class="indh">C<span class="smcap lowercase">ARPENTER'S</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">EPUTY </span> +DIVINITY; a Discourse of Conscience. 12mo. 1657. +</p> +<p class="indh">A T<span class="smcap lowercase">RUE AND</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">IVELY </span> +R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPRESENTATION OF</span> + P<span class="smcap lowercase">OPERY, SHEWING THAT</span> + P<span class="smcap lowercase">OPERY IS ONLY</span> +N<span class="smcap lowercase">EW</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ODELLED</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">AGANISM</span>, &c., 1679. 4to.</p> + +<p class="indh">R<span class="smcap lowercase">OBERT</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILSON'S</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">KETCH OF THE</span> + H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">AWICK.</span> Small 8vo. Printed in +1825.</p> + +<p class="indh">J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILSON'S</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NNALS OF</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">AWICK.</span> Small 8vo. Printed in 1850.</p> + +<p class="indh">B<span class="smcap lowercase">ARRINGTON'S</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">KETCHES OF HIS OWN</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">IME.</span> Vol. III. London, 1830.</p> + +<p class="indh">B<span class="smcap lowercase">RITISH</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">OETS</span> (C<span class="smcap lowercase">HALMERS'</span>, Vol. X.) London, 1810.</p> + +<p class="indh">C<span class="smcap lowercase">HESTERFIELD'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ETTERS TO HIS</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ON.</span> Vol. III. London, 1774.</p> + +<p class="indh">C<span class="smcap lowercase">ONSTABLE'S</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANY.</span> Vol. LXXV.</p> + +<p class="indh">D'A<span class="smcap lowercase">RBLAY'S</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">IARY.</span> Vol. III. London, 1842.</p> + +<p class="indh">E<span class="smcap lowercase">RSKINE'S</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">PEECHES.</span> Vol. II. London, 1810.</p> + +<p class="indh">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ARE'S</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISSION OF THE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMFORTER.</span> Vol. I. London, 1846.</p> + +<p class="indh">H<span class="smcap lowercase">OPE'S</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">SSAY ON</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RCHITECTURE.</span> Vol. I. London, 1835. 2nd Edition.</p> + +<p class="indh">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ULLER'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">REECE.</span> Vol. II. (Library of Useful Knowledge, Vol. +XVII.)</p> + +<p class="indh">R<span class="smcap lowercase">OMILLY'S</span> (S<span class="smcap lowercase">IR</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">AMUEL</span>) M<span class="smcap lowercase">EMOIRS.</span> Vol. II. London, 1840.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">COTT'S</span> (S<span class="smcap lowercase">IR</span> W.) L<span class="smcap lowercase">IFE OF</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">APOLEON.</span> Vol. I. Edinburgh, 1837. 9 Vol. +Edition.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">COTT'S</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OVELS.</span> Vol. XXXVI. (Redgauntlet, II.); Vols. XLIV. XLV. (Ann of +Grerstein, I. & II.) 48 Vol. Edition.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">MOLLETT'S</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS.</span> Vols. II. & IV. Edinburgh, 1800. 2nd Edition.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">OUTHEY'S</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">OETICAL</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS.</span> Vol. III. London, 1837.</p> + +<p class="indh">C<span class="smcap lowercase">RABBE'S</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS.</span> Vol. V. London, 1831.</p> + +<p class="indh">Four letters on several subjects to persons of quality, the fourth being +an answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's book, entitled P<span class="smcap lowercase">OPERY</span>, &c., by +Peter Walsh. 1686. 8vo.</p> + +<p class="indh">A C<span class="smcap lowercase">ONFUTATION OF THE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">HIEF</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">OCTRINES OF</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">OPERY</span>. A Sermon preached before +the King, 1678, by William Lloyd, D.D. 1679. 4to.</p> + +<p class="indh">A S<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMON</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">REACHED AT</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">T.</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARGARET'S,</span> +W<span class="smcap lowercase">ESTMINSTER, BEFORE THE</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">OUSE OF</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMMONS</span>, +M<span class="smcap lowercase">AY</span> 29, 1685, by W. Sherlock, D.D. 4to. London, 1685.</p> + +<p class="indh">P<span class="smcap lowercase">OPE'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ITERARY</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORRESPONDENCE.</span> Vol. III. Curll. 1735.</p> + +<p class="indh">A<span class="smcap lowercase">LMANACS</span>, any for the year 1752.</p> + +<p class="indh">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTHIAS'</span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">BSERVATIONS ON</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">RAY.</span> 8vo. 1815.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAKSPEARE,</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHNSON, AND</span> +S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEVENS, WITH</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EED'S</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">DDITIONS.</span> 3rd Edition, +1785. Vol. V.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">WIFT'S</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS</span>, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III.</p> + +<p class="indh">S<span class="smcap lowercase">OUTHEY'S</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ENINSULAR</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">AR.</span> Vols. V. VI. 8vo.</p> + +<p class="indh">J<span class="smcap lowercase">OURNAL OF THE</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">EOLOGICAL</span> +S<span class="smcap lowercase">OCIETY OF</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">UBLIN.</span> Vol. I. Part I. (One or +more copies.)</p> + +<p class="indh">T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTIQUARY.</span> 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.</p> + +<p class="indh">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY AND</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTIQUITIES OF</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">WICKENHAM</span>, being the First Part of Parochial +Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside, +Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in +continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th +Volume.)</p> + +<p class="indh6"> +<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. +Fleet Street.</p> + + + + +<h3> +<span class="bla">Notices to Correspondents.</span> +</h3> + + + +<p><i>Although we have this week again enlarged our Paper to 24 pages, we +have to apologise for the omission of many interesting articles.</i> + D<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">OTSKY'S</span> "Panslavic + Literature and the British Museum," <i>and the +communication of a Subscriber to the Anglo-Catholic Library on Bishop +Overall's</i> Convocation Book, <i>shall appear next week. Where may we send +the latter a proof?</i></p> + + +<p>C. (Jamaica) <i>will find the history of the line from Philip Gualtier's</i> +"Alexandreis,"—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim,"</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>in our</i> 2nd Vol. pp. 85. 136. 141.</p> + + +<p>A L<span class="smcap lowercase">IVERPOOL</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORRESPONDENT.</span> <i>Yes, + as many as he takes the box for. Neat +wines means pure wines.</i></p> + + +<p>W. F.'s <i>very valuable suggestion shall not be lost sight of.</i></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS.</span> <i>The Moonlight reply was in type for last Number, but omitted +from want of room. The parallel was a very fair one; but those to whom +it was not obvious might have misconstrued the allusion.</i></p> + + +<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED.</span>—<i>Grimsdyke—Pasquinade—Charles II. and Written +Sermons—Welwood Memoirs—Sheridan's MS. Drama—Execution at +Durham—Caxton Memorial—The Rev. Mr. Gay—Duke of Monmouth's Pocket +Book—Serpent with Human Head—Childe Harold—Peter Wilkins, +&c.—Meaning of Dray—Pauper's Badge—Burke's Mighty Boar of the +Forest—Godfrey Higgins' Works, &c.—Poetic Imitations—Cognation of the +Jews and Lacedmonians—Bourchier Family—Curious Monumental +Inscription—A little Bird told me—Colonies in England—Pharetram de +Tutesbit—Coleridge's Christabel—Cagots—Touching for the Evil—Three +Estates of the Realm—Wat the Hare—Flemish account—Mary Queen of +Scots—Termination "-aster"—Medical Use of Pigeons—Bess of Hardwicke.</i></p> + + +<p><i>Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestions of</i> T. E. H., +<i>will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them.</i></p> + +<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS.</span> I., II., <i>and</i> III., <i>with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price</i> 9<i>s.</i> 6<i>d. each, neatly bound in cloth.</i></p> + + +<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,</i> + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186. Fleet +Street; <i>to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed.</i></p> + + +<p><i>Errata.</i>—In the article "<i>Panslavic</i> Sketches," l. 2. for "late<i>nt</i>" +read "late<i>st</i>;" l. 6. for "T<i>i</i>ssalonichi" read "T<i>e</i>ssalonichi;" and +l. 9. for "historical" read "<i>ante-historical</i>." Page 313. col. 2. l. +46. for "repent<i>i</i>" read "repent<i>e</i>."</p> + + + + + + + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="center">MISS STRICKLAND'S NEW SERIES OF<br /> + ROYAL BIOGRAPHIES.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap"> LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, and English Princesses connected with +the Regal Succession of Great Britain.</p> + +<p>Two Volumes are published, containing the Lives of Margaret Tudor, +Magdaline of France, Mary of Lorraine, and Margaret Countess of Lennox.</p> + +<p>Vol. III. will contain the first part of the Life of Mary Queen of +Scots.</p> + +<p>To be completed in 6 vols., price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, with Portraits and +Historical Vignettes.</p> + +<p class="center">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="center">CRABB'S TECHNICAL DICTIONARY.</p> + +<p class="center">This day is published, in 1 vol. foolscap 8vo., price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> extra +cloth, with numerous woodcut illustrations,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap"> A TECHNICAL DICTIONARY; or, a Dictionary explaining all terms of Art and +Science. By GEORGE CRABB, Esq., M.A., Author of the "Universal +Technological Dictionary," "Dictionary of Synonymes," &c.</p> + +<p class="center"> London: W. MAXWELL, 32. Bell Yard, Lincoln's Inn.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND<br /> + ANNUITY SOCIETY,</p> + +<p class="center">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="center">FOUNDED A.D. 1842.</p> + +<div class="box"><p> + + <i>Directors.</i></p> + + <p class="noindent">H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">William Cabell, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</p> + <p class="noindent">G. Henry Drew, Esq.</p> + + <p class="noindent">William Evans, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">William Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">James Hunt, Esq.</p> + + <p class="noindent">J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">James Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">J. Basley White, Esq.</p> + <p class="noindent">Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + + <p> <i>Trustees.</i></p> + + <p class="noindent"> W. Whately, Esq., Q.C.</p> + <p class="noindent"> L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.</p> + <p class="noindent"> George Drew, Esq.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + + <p class="noindent"><i>Consulting Counsel.</i>—Sir William P. Wood, M.P., Solicitor-General.</p> + + <p class="noindent"><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + + <p class="noindent"><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +</div> + +<p class="center1">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + +<p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application +to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed +in the Prospectus.</p> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share in + three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<p>Age <i>s.</i> <i>d.</i></p> +<p>17 1 14 4</p> +<p>22 1 18 8</p> +<p>27 2 4 5</p> + +<p>32 2 10 8</p> +<p>37 2 18 6</p> +<p>42 3 8 2</p> + + <p class="center" > ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + +</div> + +<p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT +BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, +exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, +&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life +Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life +Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +</div> + + + + + + + + + + + + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="center2 bla">Musical Education.</p> + +<p>A CATALOGUE OF STANDARD WORKS, which are approved by the most eminent +Teachers of Music, has just been published by Her Majesty's music +publishers, ROBERT COCKS & CO. These selected works are remarkable for +the interest they afford to the pupils, whose love and attention are at +once engaged, and their rapid progress ensured. All who are engaged in +the tuition of the young will save themselves much time and trouble by +obtaining this list, which may be had gratis and postage free.</p> + +<p class="center">London: ROBERT COCKS & CO. New Burlington Street.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="center1">PARABLES OF OUR LORD.</p> + +<p class="center">On the 1st December, 1851, will be published, in imperial 4to., +handsomely bound, price Two Guineas,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">PARABLES OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR, +JESUS CHRIST, illustrated, in Twelve Designs, by JOHN FRANKLIN, and +engraved in Line by P. Lightfoot, W. H. Watt, A. Blanchard, F. Joubert, +E. Goodall, and H. Nusser. Fifty First-proof Copies will be printed upon +half-sheet imperial India paper in a Portfolio, price Five Guineas.</p> + + + <p class="center"> London: J. MITCHELL, Bookseller and Publisher to the Queen, + Royal Library, 33. Old Bond Street.</p> + + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">PROVENAL AND OLD FRENCH DIALECTS.—Honnorat, Dictionnaire Provenal et +Franais, 4 vols. 4to. Paris, 1847—49.; sd. 42<i>s.</i>—Œuvres de +Godolin, in Languedocian and French, imp. 8vo. Toulouse, 1843, 772 pp. +plates; sd. 10<i>s.</i>—Fallot, Recherches de la Langue Franaise et de ses +Dialectes au XIII. Sicle, royal 8vo. 600 pp. Paris, 1830. sd. +9<i>s.</i>—Jubinal, Nouveau Recueil de Contes, Dits, Fabliaux des XIII. XIV. +et XV. Sicles, 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1839. sd. 9<i>s.</i>—Rothe, Les Romans +du Renard, 8vo. Paris, 1845. 524 pp. sd. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>Catalogues of Cheap and Rare Books in all the Languages and Dialects of +Europe and Asia, published Monthly, and sent out Gratis.</p> + +<p class="center">BERNARD QUARITCH, Second-hand Foreign Bookseller, 16. Castle Street, +Leicester Square.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">ARCHITECTURAL PUBLICATION SOCIETY.</p> + +<p>PART II., for the Year 1850-51, is now ready for delivery.</p> + +<p>The Committee, being prepared to commence the publication of the +"Cyclopdia of Architecture," invite the attention of the Members and +the Profession to the LIST OF TERMS already issued, and request their +co-operation by the contribution of Drawings and Text for subjects +contained in that list under the letter A.</p> + +<p>Communications as to terms, &c. to be addressed to the Honorary +Secretary, MR. WYATT PAPWORTH, 14A, Great Marlborough Street.</p> + +<p>London, 24th October, 1851.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">Vols. I. and II. now ready.</p> + +<p class="center">Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6<i>s.</i> each.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES.</p> + +<p>A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in One +Shilling Books, each containing a complete Story.</p> + +<p class="center1">Vol. I. Price 6<i>s.</i></p> + + + <p class="indh"> Tale I. PORTIA: THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale III. HELENA: THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale IV. DESDEMONA: THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD.</p> + <p class="indh"> Tale V. MEG AND ALICE: THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.</p> + + +<p class="center1">Vol. II. Price 6<i>s.</i></p> + + + <p class="indh">Tale VI. ISABELLA: THE VOTARESS.</p> + <p class="indh"> Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA: THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale VIII. OPHELIA: THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA: THE FRIENDS.</p> + <p class="indh">Tale X. JULIET: THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.</p> + + +<p class="center1">Vol. III. (In progress.)</p> + + + <p class="indh"> Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO: THE COUSINS.</p> + <p class="indh"> Tale XII. OLIVIA: THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.</p> + + +<p class="center1">SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.—Patron—His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT.</p> + +<p>This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 +volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English and +foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of the +members, supplied with the best English and foreign periodicals.</p> + +<p>Terms of admission—entrance fee, 6<i>l.</i>; annual subscription, 2<i>l.</i>; or +entrance fee and life subscription, 26<i>l.</i></p> + +<p class="i5"> By order of the Committee.</p> + +<p> September, 1851. </p> + +<p class="i5">J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">EVERY READER OF NOTES AND QUERIES should possess a Copy of TODD'S INDEX +RERUM, decidedly the best Common-place Book extant, for recording Facts +and Data. It is far easier, simpler, and more useful than LOCKE'S, and +has been highly recommended by the most eminent scholars and literary +men. A recent Edition, Revised, in royal 8vo., strongly half-bound, +price 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, has been published by RICHARD JAMES KENNETT, 14. York +Street, Covent Garden; and can be had of all Booksellers, by order.</p> + +<p><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Sent free to any part of the Kingdom for 6<i>s.</i>, by +addressing a Post Office order or stamps as above.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">MESSRS. PUTTICK and SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES +of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st. In addressing +Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of Libraries, and +collections (however limited or extensive) of Manuscripts, Autographs, +Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments, Objects of Art and Virtu, +and Works connected with Literature, and the Arts generally, they would +suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and surest method of obtaining +their full value; and conceive that the central situation of their +premises, 191. Piccadilly (near St. James's Church), their extensive +connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their prompt +settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will not be +unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of Books +or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales with +property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages to +the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection.</p> + +<p><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Libraries + Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the Probate +or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">Valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, Esq., including a +well-known and very important Picture by Murillo.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will sell by +Auction at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, November 12, +the valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, Esq., of the Tower, +including his Numismatic Library, very important MSS. relating to Mint +affairs, Royal and other Autographs (47 of Sir Isaac Newton), the +celebrated Hydrostatic Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard +in 1758, a most important series of Weights, including the original and +unique Troy Pound, the collection of Coins, Medals in gold, silver, and +bronze, in the finest condition, many being patterns and +proofs.—Catalogues will be sent on application: if in the country, on +receipt of four stamps.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="center1">ALMANACKS FOR 1852.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with Table +of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public Worship for +every day in the year, with blank spaces for Memoranda: A list of all +the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Church, arranged under the +order of their respective Dioceses; Bishops of the Scottish and American +Churches; and particulars respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek +Churches; together with Statistics of the various Religious Sects in +England; Particulars of the Societies connected with the Church; of the +Universities, &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses +of Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions to +Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful to all +Clergymen, price in cloth 3<i>s.</i>, or 5<i>s.</i> as a pocket-book with tuck.</p> + + +<p>THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will contain, in +addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family Use, +a List of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the Heads of +Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges connected with +the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. +Together with a complete List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, +with an Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to +which is added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of +Council on Education, and the various Training Institutions for +Teachers; compiled from original sources.</p> + +<p>WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six pages of +Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; Lists of both +Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat wrapper.</p> + +<p class="center">JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST.</p> + + + +<table summary="Tea Pricelist"> + +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Congou Tea</td><td class="tdleft">3<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft">per lb.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Souchong Tea</td><td class="tdleft">4<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Gunpowder Tea</td><td class="tdleft">5<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best Old Mocha Coffee</td><td class="tdleft">1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Best West India Coffee</td><td class="tdleft">1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Fine True Ripe Rich<br />Rare Souchong Tea </td><td class="tdleft">4<i>s.</i> 0<i>d.</i></td><td class="tdleft"> "</td></tr> + +</table> + +<p class="noindent">40<i>s.</i> worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by</p> + +<p class="center"> PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, + No. 8. King William Street, City, London.</p> + + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> In 2 vols. imperial 8vo., price 4<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> Illustrated by upwards of + 2000 Engravings on Wood.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY, English, Technological, and Scientific; adapted +to the present State of Literature, Science, and Art, on the Basis of +"Webster's English Dictionary;" with the Addition of many Thousand Words +and Phrases from the other Standard Dictionaries and Encyclopdias, and +from numerous other sources; comprising all Words purely English, and +the principal and most generally used Technical and Scientific Terms, +together with their Etymologies, and their Pronunciation, according to +the best authorities.</p> + +<p class="center">CHARACTER OF THE WORK.</p> + +<p>This work is admitted to be superior to any Dictionary hitherto offered +to the public. See opinions in Prospectus from Rev. James Robertson, +D.D., Professor of Divinity and Ecclesiastical History, University of +Edinburgh; Rev. Philip Killand, M.A., Professor of Mathematics, +University of Edinburgh; Rev. John Fleming, D.D., Professor of Natural +Science, New College, Edinburgh; Rev. Thomas Luby, Senior Fellow of +Trinity College, Dublin; James Thomson, LL.D., Professor of Mathematics, +University of Glasgow.</p> + +<p class="center"> BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London.</p> + +</div> + + + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center"> Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9<i>s.</i>; Morocco elegant, 11<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="noindent cap">BOOK OF SCOTTISH SONG; a Collection of the Best and most approved Songs +of Scotland, Ancient and Modern; with Critical and Historical Notices +regarding them and their Authors, and an Essay on Scottish Song. 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Post 8vo. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>Of this work the Westminster and Foreign Quarterly says, "The +enthralling Biographies of Vasari—biographies which from their peculiar +diversity and fascination have caused the late unfortunate Haydon to +exclaim with enthusiasm, 'If I were confined to three books, in a desert +island, I would certainly choose the Bible, Shakespeare, and Vasari.'"</p> + +<p class="center"> HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">LUCRETIUS, literally translated into English Prose, with Notes, by the +Rev. J. S. WATSON; to which is adjoined the Metrical Version of JOHN +MASON GOOD. Post 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="center"> HENRY G. 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Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> The late MR. COTTINGHAM'S Museum of Medival Art.</p> + + +<p class="noindent cap">MESSRS. FOSTER & SON are directed by the Executors of the Late L. N. +Cottingham, Esq., F.S.A., to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, 43. +Waterloo-bridge Road, on MONDAY, November 3, and about 15 following days +(Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the COTTINGHAM MUSEUM; comprising a +most ample and varied Series of Examples of Medival Architecture, of +the Anglo-Norman, early English, decorated, perpendicular, and +Elizabethan periods; also Fac-similes of some of the finest Monuments of +the 13th, 14th, and 15th Centuries. In Furniture, Metal Work, Stained +Glass, and various other Departments of Decorative Art, this Collection +is rich in objects remarkable for their Beauty, Rarity, and Historic +Value.</p> + +<p>Illustrated Catalogues, at 1<i>s.</i> each, may be had of MESSRS. FOSTER, 54. +Pall Mall, 14 days before the Sale. The view will be on and after the +27th of October.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> On 1st November, price 2<i>s.</i></p> + + +<p class="noindent cap">NO. LXXI. OF THE ECCLESIASTIC.</p> + +<p class="center">Contents:</p> + +<p> 1. ELEMENTARY THEOLOGY—WESTCOTT AND CHRETIEN.</p> +<p> 2. BIRK'S LIFE OF BICKERSTETH.</p> +<p> 3. ERASTIANISM.</p> +<p> 4. ANTICHRIST, AND THE BABYLON OF THE APOCALYPSE.</p> +<p> 5. SYNODICAL ACTION.</p> + +<p class="center">Reviews and Notices.</p> + +<p class="center">London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street and New Bond Street.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center"> This day, No. 13., Imperial 4to. price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, (continued monthly),</p> + +<p class="center2">DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE,</p> + +<p class="noindent">Measured and drawn from existing examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect.</p> + +<p class="center"> CONTENTS:</p> + +<p> E.E. Exterior of Clerestory, West Walton Church, Norfolk,</p> +<p> " South Porch ditto ditto.</p> +<p> " Plan and Details ditto ditto.</p> +<p> DEC. Window from St. Stephen's Church, near Canterbury.</p> +<p> " Parclose Screen, Geddington Church, Northamptonshire.</p> +<p> PER. Lectern from Hawstead Church, Suffolk.</p> + +<p class="center1">London: DAVID BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.</p> + +</div> + + + + +<p class="noindent"> Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. + 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of + London: and published by +G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, + in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, + November 1. 1851. +</p> + + + + + + +<div class="tnbox"> + +<p class="noindent">Transcriber's Note: Original spelling variations have not been + standardized.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="indh"><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages + in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV</a> </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 1 November 3, 1849. Pages 1 - 17 PG # 8603 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 2 November 10, 1849. Pages 18 - 32 PG # 11265 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 3 November 17, 1849. Pages 33 - 46 PG # 11577 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 4 November 24, 1849. Pages 49 - 63 PG # 13513 </p> + +</div> + + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 5 December 1, 1849. Pages 65 - 80 PG # 11636 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 6 December 8, 1849. Pages 81 - 95 PG # 13550 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 7 December 15, 1849. Pages 97 - 112 PG # 11651 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 8 December 22, 1849. Pages 113 - 128 PG # 11652 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 9 December 29, 1849. Pages 130 - 144 PG # 13521 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 10 January 5, 1850. Pages 145 - 160 PG # </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 11 January 12, 1850. Pages 161 - 176 PG # 11653 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 12 January 19, 1850. Pages 177 - 192 PG # 11575 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 13 January 26, 1850. Pages 193 - 208 PG # 11707 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 14 February 2, 1850. Pages 209 - 224 PG # 13558 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 15 February 9, 1850. Pages 225 - 238 PG # 11929 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 16 February 16, 1850. Pages 241 - 256 PG # 16193 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 17 February 23, 1850. Pages 257 - 271 PG # 12018 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 18 March 2, 1850. Pages 273 - 288 PG # 13544 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 19 March 9, 1850. Pages 289 - 309 PG # 13638 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 20 March 16, 1850. Pages 313 - 328 PG # 16409 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 21 March 23, 1850. Pages 329 - 343 PG # 11958 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 22 March 30, 1850. Pages 345 - 359 PG # 12198 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 23 April 6, 1850. Pages 361 - 376 PG # 12505 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 24 April 13, 1850. Pages 377 - 392 PG # 13925 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 25 April 20, 1850. Pages 393 - 408 PG # 13747 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 26 April 27, 1850. Pages 409 - 423 PG # 13822 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 27 May 4, 1850. Pages 425 - 447 PG # 13712 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 28 May 11, 1850. Pages 449 - 463 PG # 13684 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 29 May 18, 1850. Pages 465 - 479 PG # 15197 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 30 May 25, 1850. Pages 481 - 495 PG # 13713 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. II. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 31 June 1, 1850. Pages 1- 15 PG # 12589 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 32 June 8, 1850. Pages 17- 32 PG # 15996 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 33 June 15, 1850. Pages 33- 48 PG # 26121 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 34 June 22, 1850. Pages 49- 64 PG # 22127 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 35 June 29, 1850. Pages 65- 79 PG # 22126 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 36 July 6, 1850. Pages 81- 96 PG # 13361 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 37 July 13, 1850. Pages 97-112 PG # 13729 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 38 July 20, 1850. Pages 113-128 PG # 13362 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 39 July 27, 1850. Pages 129-143 PG # 13736 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 40 August 3, 1850. Pages 145-159 PG # 13389 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 41 August 10, 1850. Pages 161-176 PG # 13393 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 42 August 17, 1850. Pages 177-191 PG # 13411 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 43 August 24, 1850. Pages 193-207 PG # 13406 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 44 August 31, 1850. Pages 209-223 PG # 13426 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 45 September 7, 1850. Pages 225-240 PG # 13427 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 46 September 14, 1850. Pages 241-256 PG # 13462 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 47 September 21, 1850. Pages 257-272 PG # 13936 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 48 September 28, 1850. Pages 273-288 PG # 13463 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 49 October 5, 1850. Pages 289-304 PG # 13480 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 50 October 12, 1850. Pages 305-320 PG # 13551 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 51 October 19, 1850. Pages 321-351 PG # 15232 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 52 October 26, 1850. Pages 353-367 PG # 22624 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 53 November 2, 1850. Pages 369-383 PG # 13540 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 54 November 9, 1850. Pages 385-399 PG # 22138 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 55 November 16, 1850. Pages 401-415 PG # 15216 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 56 November 23, 1850. Pages 417-431 PG # 15354 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 57 November 30, 1850. Pages 433-454 PG # 15405 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 58 December 7, 1850. Pages 457-470 PG # 21503 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 59 December 14, 1850. Pages 473-486 PG # 15427 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 60 December 21, 1850. Pages 489-502 PG # 24803 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 61 December 28, 1850. Pages 505-524 PG # 16404 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. III. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 62 January 4, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 15638 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 63 January 11, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 15639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 64 January 18, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 15640 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 65 January 25, 1851. Pages 49- 78 PG # 15641 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 66 February 1, 1851. Pages 81- 95 PG # 22339 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 67 February 8, 1851. Pages 97-111 PG # 22625 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 68 February 15, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 22639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 69 February 22, 1851. Pages 129-159 PG # 23027 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 70 March 1, 1851. Pages 161-174 PG # 23204 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 71 March 8, 1851. Pages 177-200 PG # 23205 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 72 March 15, 1851. Pages 201-215 PG # 23212 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 73 March 22, 1851. Pages 217-231 PG # 23225 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 74 March 29, 1851. Pages 233-255 PG # 23282 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 75 April 5, 1851. Pages 257-271 PG # 23402 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 76 April 12, 1851. Pages 273-294 PG # 26896 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 77 April 19, 1851. Pages 297-311 PG # 26897 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 78 April 26, 1851. Pages 313-342 PG # 26898 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 79 May 3, 1851. Pages 345-359 PG # 26899 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 80 May 10, 1851. Pages 361-382 PG # 32495 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 81 May 17, 1851. Pages 385-399 PG # 29318 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 82 May 24, 1851. Pages 401-415 PG # 28311 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 83 May 31, 1851. Pages 417-440 PG # 36835 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 84 June 7, 1851. Pages 441-472 PG # 37379 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 85 June 14, 1851. Pages 473-488 PG # 37403 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 86 June 21, 1851. Pages 489-511 PG # 37496 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 87 June 28, 1851. Pages 513-528 PG # 37516 </p> +</div> + + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. IV. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 88 July 5, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 37548 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 89 July 12, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 37568 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 90 July 19, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 37593 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 91 July 26, 1851. Pages 49- 79 PG # 37778 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 92 August 2, 1851. Pages 81- 94 PG # 38324 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 93 August 9, 1851. Pages 97-112 PG # 38337 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 94 August 16, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 38350 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 95 August 23, 1851. Pages 129-144 PG # 38386 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 96 August 30, 1851. Pages 145-167 PG # 38405 </p> +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 97 September 6, 1851. Pages 169-183 PG # 38433 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 98 September 13, 1851. Pages 185-200 PG # 38491 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 99 September 20, 1851. Pages 201-216 PG # 38574 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 100 September 27, 1851. Pages 217-246 PG # 38656 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 101 October 4, 1851. Pages 249-264 PG # 38701 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 102 October 11, 1851. Pages 265-287 PG # 38773 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 103 October 18, 1851. Pages 289-303 PG # 38864 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 104 October 25, 1851. Pages 305-333 PG # 38926 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="tnbox2"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] PG # 13536 </p> +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 PG # 13571 </p> + +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 PG # 26770 </p> + </div> + + + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +105, November 1, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39076-h.htm or 39076-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/0/7/39076/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, November 1, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: March 7, 2012 [EBook #39076] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ +fonts. Tentative expansions of Latin scribal abbreviations include +dimi[d=] for dimidio, ann' for anno, [Dns] for Dominus, [Dni] for +Domini, [Dno] for Domino, [p=] for pro, [=p] for pre, and [q=] for +que. The spelling of nomesthai, as taken over from Stolbergius, +seems to be a typographical error for nemesthai.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +Vol. IV.--No. 105. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + The Claims of Literature 337 + + NOTES:-- + + Daniel Defoe and the "Mercator," by James Crossley 388 + + Punishment of Edward Prince of Wales, by King + Edward I., for Disrespect to a Judge, by William + Sidney Gibson 338 + + Notes on the Word: "[Greek: Adelphos]," by + T. R. Brown 339 + + Lambert, the "Arch-Rebell," by + Richard John King 339 + + The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 340 + + Minor Notes:--A Hint to Catalogue Makers--Virgil + and Goldsmith--Mental Almanac--Merlin and the + Electric Telegraph 340 + + QUERIES:-- + + Bishop Bramhall and Milton 341 + + The Sempills of Beltrus: Robert Sempill 343 + + Descendants of John of Gaunt 343 + + Minor Queries:--Rocky Chasm near Gaeta: Earthquake + at the Crucifixion--Cavalcade--A Sept of + Hibernians--Yankee Doodle--Seventeenth of November: + Custom--Chatter-box--Printing in 1449, and + Shakspeare--Texts before Sermons--Paradyse, Hell, + Purgatory--Dead Letter--Dominus Bathurst, &c.--Grammar + Schools--Fermilodum--Lord Hungerford--Consecration + of Bishops in Sweden 343 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Effigy of a Pilgrim--"Modern + Universal History"--Origin of Evil--Nolo + Episcopari--Authors of the Homilies--Family of Hotham + of Yorkshire--Vogelweide--Meaning of Skeatta 345 + + REPLIES:-- + + Marriage of Ecclesiastics, by Henry Walter, &c. 346 + + Lord Strafford and Archbishop Ussher 349 + + Sculptured Stones in the North of Scotland 350 + + Anagrams 350 + + The Locusts of the New Testament 351 + + The Soul's Errand, by Dr. Edward F. Rimbault 353 + + The Two Drs. Abercrombie 353 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Dacre Monument at + Hurstmonceux--Book-plates--Sermon of Bishop Jeremy + Taylor--Moonlight--Flatman and Pope--Berlin Time--Ruined + Churches--Italian Writer on Political Economy--Death + of Carli, &c. 354 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 357 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 357 + + Notices to Correspondents 358 + + Advertisements 359 + + + + +THE CLAIMS OF LITERATURE. + +This day two years, on presenting to the public, and to the Literary Men +of England the first number of NOTES AND QUERIES, as "a medium by which +much valuable information might become a sort of common property among +those who can appreciate and use it," we ventured to say, "We do not +anticipate any holding back by those whose 'Notes' are most worth +having, or any want of 'Queries' from those best able to answer them. +Whatever may be the case in other things, it is certain that those who +are best informed are generally the most ready to communicate knowledge +and to confess ignorance, to feel the value of such a work as we are +attempting, and to understand that, if it is to be well done, they might +help to do it. Some cheap and frequent means for the interchange of +thought is certainly wanted by those who are engaged in Literature, Art, +and Science; and we only hope to persuade the best men in all, that we +offer them the best medium of communication with each other." + +How fully these anticipations have been realised, how all the "best men" +_have_ come forward, we acknowledge with feelings of gratitude and +pride. May we now hope that, in thus forming one fresh bond of union +among the lovers and professors of Literature in this country, we have +contributed towards a recognition of Literature as an honorable +profession, and hastened the time when the claims of Literature, +Science, and Art to some of those honorary distinctions hitherto +exclusively conferred upon the Naval, Military, or Civil Servants of the +Crown, will be admitted and acted upon. For as we hold with Chaucer: + + "That he is gentil who doth gentil dedes;" + +so we would have those men especially honoured, whose "gentil dedes" in +Literature, Science, and Art tend to elevate the minds, and thereby +promote the happiness of their fellow-men. + +That gallant gentleman, Captain Sword, whose good services we readily +acknowledge, has hitherto monopolized all the honours which the +sovereign has thought proper to distribute. We would fain see good +Master Pen now take his fair share of them;[1] and the present moment, +when Peace has just celebrated her Jubilee in the presence of admiring +millions, is surely the fittest moment that could be selected for the +establishment of some Order (call it of Victoria, or Civil Merit, or +what you will) to honour those followers of the Arts of Peace to whose +genius, learning, and skill the great event of the year 1851 owes its +brilliant conception, its happy execution, its triumphant success. + + [Footnote 1: We are glad to find that the views we have here + advocated, have the support of the leading journal of Europe. Vide + _The Times_ of Wednesday last.] + +The reign of the Illustrious Lady who now fills with so much dignity the +Throne of these Realms, has happily been pre-eminently distinguished +(and long may it be so!) by all unexampled progress made in all the Arts +of Peace. Her Majesty has been pre-eminently a Patron of all such Arts. +How graceful then, on the part of Her Majesty, would be the immediate +institution of an Order of Civil Merit! How gratifying to those +accomplished and worthy men on whom Her Majesty might be pleased to +confer it! + + + + +Notes. + + +DANIEL DEFOE AND THE "MERCATOR." + +Wilson, in his _Life of Defoe_, vol. iii. p. 334., gives an account from +Tindal, Oldmixon, Boyer, and Chalmers, of the _Mercator_ and its +antagonist, the _British Merchant_. He commences by observing that Defoe +"had but little to do with this work" (the _Mercator_), and quotes +Chalmers, who seems totally to mistake the passage in Defoe's _Appeal to +Honour and Justice_, pp. 47-50., in which the _Mercator_ is mentioned, +and to consider it as a denial on his part of having had any share in +the work. Defoe's words are-- + + "What part I had in the _Mercator_ is well known, and would men + answer with argument and not with personal abuse, I would at any + time defend any part of the _Mercator_ which was of my writing. + But to say the _Mercator_ is mine is false. I never was the author + of it, nor had the property, printing, or profit of it. I had + never any payment or reward for writing any part of it, nor had I + the power of putting what I would into it, yet the whole clamour + fell upon me." + +Defoe evidently means only to deny that he was the originator and +proprietor of the _Mercator_, not that he was not the principal writer +in it. The _Mercator_ was a government paper set on foot by Harley to +support the proposed measure of the Treaty of Commerce with France; and +the _Review_, which Defoe had so long and so ably conducted, being +brought to a close in the beginning of May, 1713, he was retained to +follow up the opinions he had maintained in the _Review_ as to the +treaty in this new periodical. He had not the control of the work +undoubtedly, otherwise, cautiously abstaining as he does himself from +all personal attacks upon his opponents, the remarks on Henry Martin +would not have appeared, which led to a severe and very unjust +retaliation in the _British Merchant_, in which Defoe's misfortunes are +unfeelingly introduced. There cannot, however, be the slightest doubt to +any one at all acquainted with Defoe's style, or who compares the +_Mercator_ with the commercial articles in the Review, that the whole of +the _Mercator_, except such portion as appears in the shape of letters, +and which constitutes only a small part of the work, was written by +Defoe. The principal of these letters were probably written by William +Brown. + +The excessive rarity of the _Mercator_, which Wilson could never obtain, +and of which probably very few copies exist, has rendered it the least +known of Defoe's publications. Even Mr. M'Culloch, from the mode in +which he speaks of it (_Literature of Political Economy_, p. 142.), +would appear not to have seen it. And therefore, whilst the _British +Merchant_, "the shallow sophisms and misstatements" of which we now +treat with contempt, is one of the most common of commercial books, +having gone through at least three editions, besides the original folio, +the _Mercator_, replete as it is with the vigour, the life and +animation, the various and felicitous power of illustration, which this +great and truly English author could impart to any subject, still exists +only in probably four or five copies of the original folio numbers. How +many of the advocates for free trade are acquainted with a production in +which one of the most gifted minds that the country ever produced, +exerts his delightful powers and most effectual "unadorned eloquence" in +the support of their favourite doctrine? + +I do not see any copy of the _Mercator_ noticed in the printed catalogue +of the British Museum. I owe my own to the kindness of MR. BOLTON +CORNEY, who allowed me to possess it, having purchased it, I believe, at +Mr. Heber's sale. + + JAS. CROSSLEY. + + +PUNISHMENT OF EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES, BY KING EDWARD I., FOR DISRESPECT +TO A JUDGE. + +MR. FOSS has lately shown, in his valuable lives of _The Judges of +England_, that historical accuracy has been sacrificed in representing +Henry V., on his accession, to have re-invested Sir William Gascoigne +with "the balance and the sword." Lord Campbell, warned that +chroniclers, historians, moralists, and poets had, without historical +warrant, taken for true the story which Shakspeare has made so familiar +to us, has, in his _Lives of the Chief Justices_, examined the evidence +for attributing to the young king the act of magnanimity, and has +affirmed (vol. i. p. 131.) not only that Sir William committed the +prince, but that he actually filled the office of Chief Justice under +him when he became Henry V. The noble and learned lord has been at some +pains to authenticate the story of the commital of the prince, and has +shown that there is no sufficient reason for disbelieving that the +dauntless judge did make "princely power submit" to justice; and he has +brought forward also the probable sources of Shakspeare's information. +But these are silent as to the reinstatement of the illustrious judge; +and MR. FOSS has established that the young king lost no time in +dispensing with the "well-practised wise directions" of Sir William +Gascoigne. One is really sorry to be obliged to relinquish belief in the +historical foundation of the scene to which Shakspeare has given such +fine dramatic effect in his noble lines. My object, however, in now +writing is to point out a circumstance in some respects parallel, which +occurred in the reign of Edward I. In looking thorough the _Abbreviatio +Placitorum_ to-day, I find the record of a judgment in Michaelmas Term, +33 Edw. I. (1305), in which a curious illustration is given of the +character of that sovereign; for it appears that Edward Prince of Wales +having spoken words insulting to one of the king's ministers (when and +to whom I wish I could ascertain), the monarch himself firmly vindicated +the respect due to the royal dignity in the person of its servants, by +banishing the prince from his house and presence for a considerable +time. This anecdote occurs in the record of a complaint made to the king +in council, by Roger de Hecham (in Madox the name occurs as Hegham or +Heigham), a Baron of the Exchequer, of gross and upbraiding language +having been contemptuously addressed to him by William de Brewes, +because of his judgment in favour of the delinquent's adversary. The +record recites that such contempt and disrespect towards as well the +king's ministers as himself or his courts are very odious to the king, +and proceeds---- but I will give the original: + + "Que quidem (videlicet) contemptus et inobediencia tam ministris + ipsius Domini Regi quam sibi ipsi aut cur' suae facta ipsi Regi + valde sunt odiosa, et hoc expresse nuper apparuit idem [Dns] Rex + filium suum primogenitum et carissimum Edwardum Principem Walliae + [p=] eo quod quedam verba grossa et acerba cuidam ministro suo + dixerat ab hospicio suo fere [p=] dimi[d=] ann' amovit, nec ipsum + filium suum in conspectu suo venire [p=]misit quous[q=] dicto + ministro de [=p]dicta transgress' satisfecerat. Et quia sicut + honor et reverencia qui ministris ipsius [Dni] Regi ratione officii + sui fiunt ipsi Regi attribuuntur sic dedecus et contemptus + ministris suis facta eidem [Dno] Regi inferuntur." + +And accordingly the said Edward was adjudged to go in full court in +Westminster Hall, and ask pardon of the judge whom he had insulted; and +for the contempt done to the king and his court was then to stand +committed to the Tower, there to remain during the king's pleasure. +(_Abb. Plac._ lib. impres. p. 257.) + +Roger de Hegham occurs as a Baron of the Exchequer in 26 Edw. I., and +died 2 Edw. II. (Madox, ii. 58.) + + WILLIAM SIDNEY GIBSON. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + + +NOTE ON THE WORD "[Greek: Adelphos]." + +I have attempted to ascertain the _primary_ signification of the word +"[Greek: adelphos]," for the purpose of laying down a rule for its right +interpretation in the sacred scriptures. If I have succeeded, we may be +enabled to understand rightly one or two disputed passages in the New +Testament, of which I hope to treat in a subsequent number. + +Thus says Scapula on the word: + + "[Greek: Adelphos], frater proprie, frater uterinus; fit enim a + dictione [Greek: delphys], uterus; et [Greek: a] significante + [Greek: homou], pro [Greek: homodelphos]." + +His etymology, as far as it goes, is quite correct: but still, we must +trace its different parts up to the fountain-head, in order to +understand the word aright. Let us then first take away its prefix +[Greek: a], and its constructive affix [Greek: os], and the remaining +[Greek: delph] will be found to be a compound word, derived from the +Sanscrit language, proving its identity therewith by means of the +intermediate Semitic dialects. + +Chaldee _dul_, situla, urna, _a vessel_ for holding liquor. Arabic +_dal_, a fat _woman_. These primary steps lead us to a passage in Isaiah +li. 1., "the _hole_ of the _pit_:" where the _idea_ (not the word) is +contained, and forms a connecting link between the Chaldee and Sanscrit; +where, by taking _t_ for _d_ (a letter of the same organ), we have +Sanscrit _tal_, a _hole_, _pit_, cause, origin, &c.; _talla_, a young +woman, _reservoir_, _pit_, &c.; Greek (from the Syriac) [Greek: +talitha], a damsel, Mark v. 41.; and by affixing the Sanscrit _pha_, or +_pa_, _fruitfulness_, nourishment, drink, &c., we get _talpa_, a wife, +bed, &c. Hebrew _dalaph_, stillavit. Syriac _dalpha_, conjunctio +venerea. Delilah, a proper name, Judges xvi. 4. We thus ascertain that +[Greek: del-ph] relates to the fruit or fruitfulness, &c. of the womb: +and by putting the constructive affix [Greek: ys] = the Sanscrit _as_ or +_us_, we have [Greek: delphys], uterus, &c. + +We now come to the most important part of the compound [Greek: +adelphos], viz. the Sanscrit [=a] = [Greek: homou], simul, at the same +time; and we find that this [=a] refers us to "a limit conclusive" (to +_that_ place, to that time), and also to a "limit inceptive" (_from_ +THAT _place_, from that time); consequently, the _primary_ meaning of +[Greek: a-del-ph-os], is what Scapula has defined it to be, "frater +uterinus," a brother _to_, or _from the_ SAME _womb_. + +My deduction from hence is, that where the context, or history, does +_not_ point us to a more general sense of the word, _i.e._ to relatives +such as cousins, or to the whole _human_ race adopting the same term; +_correct_ criticism seems to demand the signification of the word in its +_primary_ meaning. + + T. R. BROWN. + + Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle. + + +LAMBERT, THE "ARCH-REBELL." + +Mr. Hallam (_Const. Hist._, vol. ii. p. 26. ed. 1850), after some +remarks on the execution of Vane, who was brought to trial together with +Lambert in 1661, asserts that the latter, "whose submissive behaviour +had furnished a contrast with that of Vane, was sent to Guernsey, and +remained a prisoner for thirty years." Mr. Hallam does not quote his +authority for this statement, which I also find in the older +biographical dictionaries. There exists, however, in the library of the +Plymouth Athenaeum, a MS. record which apparently contradicts it. This is +a volume called _Plimmouth Memoirs, collected by James Yonge_, 1684. It +contains "a Catalogue of all the Mayors, together with the memorable +occurrences in their respective years," beginning in 1440. Yonge himself +lived in Plymouth, and the later entries are therefore made from his own +knowledge. There are two concerning Lambert: + + "1667. _Lambert, the arch-rebell, brought prisoner to this + Iland."_ + +[The Island of St. Nicholas at the entrance of the harbour, fortified +from a very early period.] + + "1683, Easter day. My Lord Dartmouth arrived in Plimmo. from + Tangier. In March, Sir G. Jeffry, the famously [Query, + _infamously_] loyal Lord Chief Justice, came hither from + Launceston assize: lay at the Mayor's: viewed ye citadells, Mt. + Edgecumbe, &c. + + "The winter of this yeare proved very seveare. East wind, frost, + and snow, continued three moneths: so that ships were starved in + the mouth of the channell, and almost all the cattel famisht. Ye + fish left ye coast almost 5 moneths. All provisions excessive + deare; and had we not had a frequent supply from ye East, corne + would have been at 30s. per bushell,--above 130,000 bushells being + imported hither, besides what went to Dartmo., Fowy, &c. + + "The Thames was frozen up some moneths, so that it became a small + citty, with boothes, coffee houses, taverns, glasse houses, + printing, bull-baiting, shops of all sorts, and whole streetes + made on it. The birdes of the aire died numerously. _Lambert, that + olde rebell, dyed this winter on Plimmo. Island, where he had been + prisoner 15 years and mo._" + +The trial of Lambert took place in 1661. He may have been sent at first +to Guernsey, but could only have remained there until removed in 1667 to +Plymouth. His imprisonment altogether lasted twenty-one years. + +Lambert's removal to Plymouth has, I believe, been hitherto unnoticed. +Probably it was thought a safer (and certainly, if he were confined in +the little island of St. Nicholas, it was a severer) prison than +Guernsey. + + RICHARD JOHN KING. + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +An opinion prevails that biographers who lived nearest the times of the +individuals whom they commemorate are most entitled to belief, as having +at command the best sources of information. To this rule, however, there +are numerous exceptions; for time, which casts some facts into oblivion, +also produces fresh materials for historians and biographers. + +It is certainly advisable to _consult_ the earliest memoir of an +individual in whose fate we take an interest, and even each successive +memoir, in order that we may trace the more important historical +particulars, and such critical opinions as seem to require discussion, +to their true source. The result of some comparisons of this +description, on former occasions, has almost led me to consider +biographers as mere copyists--or, at the best, artists in patch-work. I +shall now compare, on one point, the earlier biographers of Caxton:-- + + "Gvilhelmus Caxton, Anglus--habitavit interim in Flandria 30 annis + cum domina Margareta Burgundiae ducissa regis Edwardi + sorore."--Joannes BALE, 1559. + + "Gvilhelmvs Caxtonus, natione Anglus. Vir pius, doctus, etc. In + Flandria quidem triginta annis vixit cum Margareta Burgundiae duce, + regis Edwardi quarti sorore."--Joannes PITSEUS, 1619. + + "William Caxton, born in that town [sc. Caxton!]. He had most of + his _education_ beyond the seas, living 30 years in the court of + Margaret dutchesse of Burgundy, sister to king Edward the Fourth, + whence I conclude him an Anti-Lancastrian in his + affection."--Thomas FULLER, 1662. + + "William Caxton--was a menial servant, for thirty years together, + to Margaret dutchess of Burgundy, sister to our king Edward IV., + in Flanders."--William NICOLSON, 1714. + + "Gulielmus Caxton natus in sylvestri regione Cantiae; in Flandria, + Brabantia, Hollandia, Zelandia xxx annis cum domina Margareta, + Burgundiae ducissa, regis Edwardi IV. sorore vixit."--Thomas + TANNERUS, 1748. + +Now, according to Fabian, Stow, and others, Margaret of York was married +to Charles duke of Burgundy in 1468; and if Caxton did not return to +England about the year 1471, as Stow asserts, he was certainly +established at Westminster in 1477. The _thirty_ years of the learned +writers must therefore be reduced to less than _ten_ years! + +The discrepancy between these writers, on another important point, is +not less remarkable than their agreement in error, as above-described. +Pits says Caxton flourished in 1483; Fuller, that he died in 1486; and +Tanner, that he _flourished_ about 1483, and _died_ in 1491. Shakspere +died in 1616: in what year did he flourish? + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +Minor Notes. + +_A Hint to Catalogue Makers._--Among the many excellent schemes proposed +for the arrangement and diffusion of common means of information, one +simple one appears to have been passed over by your many and excellent +correspondents. I will briefly illustrate an existing deficiency by an +example. + +While collecting materials for a projected critical commentary on the +_Timaeus_ of Plato, I was surprised to find the commentary of +_Chalcidius_ wholly wanting in our library at Christ Church. +Subsequently (when I did not want it, having secured a better edition at +the end of Fabricius' _Hippolytus_) I discovered a fine copy of Badius +Ascensius' editio princeps, bound up with Aulus Gellius and Macrobius, +but utterly ignored in the Christ Church catalogue. + +This instance shows the necessity of carefully examining the _insides_ +of books, as well as the backs and title-pages, during the operation of +cataloguing. Our public libraries are rich in instances of a similar +oversight, and many an important and _recherche_ work is unknown, or +acquires a conventional rarity, through its concealment at the end of a +less valuable, but more bulky, treatise. + +I have been aroused to the propriety of publishing this suggestion, by +purchasing, "dog cheap", a volume labelled _Petrus Crinitus_, but +containing _Hegesippus_ (_i.e._ the pseudo-Ambrosian translation from +Josephus) and the Latin grammarians at the end, all by the +afore-mentioned printer. + + THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY. + +_Virgil and Goldsmith._--The same beautiful thought is traceable in both +Virgil and Goldsmith. In book iii. of the _AEneid_, lines 495-6. we read: + + "Vobis parta quies; nullum maris aequor arandum; + Arva neque Ausoniae, _semper cedentia retro_, + _Quaerenda_." + +In the _Traveller_ these lines occur: + + "But me, not destined such delights to share, + My prime of life in wandering spent and care; + Impell'd, with steps unceasing, to pursue + Some fleeting good, that mocks me with the view; + That, like the circle bounding earth and skies, + Allures from far, yet, as I follow, flies ----" + + ALFRED GATTY. + +_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--MEM. The additive number for this +present November is 1. Hence next Wednesday is 4 + 1, that is, the 5th. +The Sunday following, is 1 + 1 + 7, that is, the 9th. And similarly for +any other day or week in this month. + + A. E. B + + Leeds, Nov. 1. 1851. + +_Merlin and the Electric Telegraph._--The following extract from the +prophecy of Merlin in Geoffrey of Monmouth's _British History_, book +vii. ch. 4., reads rather curiously in these days of railways and of +electric telegraph communication between France and England:-- + + "Eric shall hide his apples within it, and _shall make + subterraneous passages_. At that time _shall the stones speak_, + and the sea towards the Gallic Coast be contracted into a narrow + space. _On each bank shall one man hear another_, and the soil of + the isle shall be enlarged. The secrets of the deep shall be + revealed, and Gaul shall tremble for fear." + +I should like to be informed if there have ever been any detailed and +systematic attempts made at interpreting the whole of this curious +prophecy of Merlin's. + + W. FRASER. + + + + +Queries. + + +BISHOP BRAMHALL AND MILTON. + +Perhaps I am convicting myself of the most benighted ignorance by asking +some of your learned correspondents to elucidate for me a letter of +Bramhall's, which I extract from his works. It was written to his son +from Antwerp, and relates to the early years of our great Milton at +Cambridge, dated: + + "Antwerpe, May 9/19, 1654. + + "That lying abusive book [viz., the _Def. Pop. Ang._] was written + by Milton himself, one who was sometime Bishopp Chappell's pupil + in Christ Church in Cambridge, but turned away by him, as he well + deserved to have been, out of the University, and out of the + society of men. If Salmasius his friends knew as much of him as I, + they would make him go near to hang himself. But I desire not to + wound the nation through his sides, yet I have written to him long + since about it roundly. It seems he desires not to touch upon this + subject."--_Works_, vol. i. p. 94, Oxford, 1842. + +That Milton was _rusticated_ from Cambridge, and besides flogged by Dr. +Chappell, there seems little reason to doubt, but it is equally clear +that the punishment was only a temporary one, as he again went into +residence, and took the degrees of bachelor and master of arts in due +course. Whence, then, this sweeping accusation of the great and good +Bramhall's, whose character is a sufficient safeguard that he at all +events _believed_ what he said? Aubrey relates the story of Milton's +being whipped by Dr. Chappell, and afterwards being "transferred to the +tuition of one Dr. Tovell, who dyed parson of Lutterworth."[2] Milton +himself (_Elegiarum Liber, Eleg. I. ad Carolum Deodatum_) speaks of his +residence in London, and alludes, rather gratefully, to his "exilium" +from Cambridge, which he heartily disliked. He also alludes to his being +flogged, as there seems a whole world of meaning in _Caeteraque_: + + "Nec duri libet usque minas perferre magistri, + _Caeteraque ingenio non subeunda meo_. + Si sit hoc _exilium_ patrios adiisse penates, + Et vacuum curis otia grata sequi, + Non ego vel _profugi_ nomen, sortemve recuso, + Laetus et _exilii_ conditione fruor."--Ver. 15. &c. + + [Footnote 2: Dr. Warton has given a long note on the word + _Caeteraque_ in his edition of Milton's _Poems_, 1791, p. 421. He + suggests that probably "Dr. Tovell" should read "Dr. _Tovey_, + parson of _Kegworth_, in Leicestershire."] + +We then get a short sketch of his employments and amusements in London; +and his return to Cambridge is mentioned in the palinode to the last of +his elegies: + + "Donec Socraticos umbrosa academia rivos + Praebuit, admissum dedocuitque jugum. + Protinus extinctis ex illo tempore flammis, + Cincta rigent multo pectora nostra gelu." + +Having now cleared my way in as brief a manner as possible, I must +profess my utter disbelief in the enormities of Milton's life at +Cambridge. He was certainly flogged, but then he was only eighteen years +old at the time, and we know that flogging was permitted by the statutes +of many colleges, and was a favorite recreation amongst the deans, +tutors, and censors of the day. Bramhall's letter has indeed been a +marvellous stumbling-block in my way, ever since the appearance of the +last edition of his works; but I do hope that some of your learned +correspondents will dispel the clouds and shadows that surround me, and +prove that, at all events, Milton was not worse than his neighbours. + +Dr. South and Cowley were never flogged at college, but certainly they +were often flogged at school, or they could not speak so feelingly on +the subject: + + "Those 'plagosi Orbilii' (writes South), those executioners, + rather than instructors of youth; persons fitted to lay about them + in a coach or cart, or to discipline boys before a Spartan altar, + or rather upon it, than to have anything to do in a Christian + school. I would give these pedagogical _Jehus_, those furious + school-drivers, the same advice which the poet says Phoebus gave + his son Phaeton (just such another driver as themselves), that he + should _parcere stimulis_ (the stimulus in driving being of the + same use formerly that the lash is now). Stripes and blows are the + last and basest remedy, and scarce ever fit to be used but upon + such as carry their brains in their backs, and have souls so dull + and stupid as to serve for little else but to keep their bodies + from putrefaction."--_Sermon upon Proverbs, xxii. 6._ + +And Cowley, in describing the _Betula_ (Angl. birch-tree), how he does +paint from nature! + + "Mollis et alba cutim, formosam vertice fundens + Caesariem, sed mens tetrica est, sed nulla nec arbor + Nec fera sylvarum crudelior incolit umbras: + Nam simul atque urbes concessum intrare domosque + Plagosum _Orbilium_ saevumque imitata _Draconem_ + Illa furit, non ulla viris delicta, nec ullum + Indulgens ludum pueris; inscribere membra + Discentum, teneroque rubescere sanguine gaudet." + + _Plantarum_, lib. vi. pag. 323. Londini, 1668. + +That Milton's character was notorious or infamous at Cambridge has +never, to my knowledge, been proved; and there is in his favour this +most overwhelming testimony, that he never forfeited the esteem and +friendship of the great and good. Was Sir Henry Wotton writing to a man +of blighted and blasted reputation when he sent the kind and +complimentary letter prefixed to _Comus_? In that he not merely +eulogises the "Dorique delicacy" of Milton's songs and odes, but gives +him much kind and considerate advice upon the course he was to pursue in +his travels, as well as some introductions to his own friends, and +promises to keep up a regular correspondence with him during his +absence. Milton was very proud of this letter, and speaks of it in his +_Defensio Secunda_. Again, Milton's associates at Cambridge must have +known all about the misdemeanour (whatever it was) that caused his +rustication, and yet they permitted him to take a part in, and perhaps +to write the preface of, the ever memorable volume which contained the +first edition of _Lycidas_. + +The person commemorated was Edward King, a Fellow of Christ's College, +Cambridge (Milton's own college); and I need not adduce Milton's +affecting allusions to their close and intimate friendship. It was for +another of the _Fellows_ of Christ's College that Milton at the age of +nineteen (the very year after his rustication) wrote the academic +exercise _Naturam non pati Senium_, found amongst his Latin poems. But I +will omit a great many arguments of a similar kind, and ask this +question, Why has Milton's college career escaped the lash of three of +the most sarcastic of writers, Cleveland, Butler, and South, who were +his contemporaries? Cleveland must have known him well, as he, as well +as Milton, had contributed some memorial verses to King, and party +feeling would perhaps have overcome collegiate associations. Nor could +their mutual connexion with _Golden Grove_ have saved him from the +aspersions of Butler. After the Restoration, Richard Lord Vaughan, Earl +of Carbery, appointed the author of _Hudibras_ to the stewardship of +Ludlow Castle; and his second wife was the Lady Alice Egerton, who, at +the age of thirteen, had acted the Lady in Milton's _Comus_. It was to +her likewise that Bishop Jeremy Taylor dedicated the third edition of +the third part of the _Life of Christ_, as he had dedicated the first +edition to Lord Carbery's former wife, whose funeral sermon he preached. +I do not remember that Cleveland or Butler have on any occasion +satirised Milton; but I do remember that Dr. South has done so, and I +cannot understand his silence on the matter if Milton's private +character had been notorious. Of course I do not believe the anonymous +invective ascribed to a son of Bishop Hall's. Dr. South was not the man +to "mince matters," and yet Milton's college life has escaped his +sarcasms. What his opinion of Milton was we may learn from his sermon +preached before King Charles II. upon Judges xix. 30. + + "The Latin advocate (Mr. Milton) who, like a blind adder, has spit + so much poison upon the king's person and cause," &c. + + "In praefat. ad defensionem pro populo Anglicano (as his Latin + is)."--Vol. ii. pp. 201-2. Dublin, 1720. fol. + +Any one who can help me out of my difficulty will much oblige me, as +Bramhall's letter is a painful mystery, and truth of any kind is always +less distressing than vague and shadowy surmises. + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 16, 1851. + + +THE SEMPILLS OF BELTRUS: ROBERT SEMPILL. + +Some few months ago there was published in Edinburgh the first collected +and only complete edition of the _Poems_ by the three brothers "Sir +James, Robert, and Francis Sempill of Beltrus," better known as the +authors of "The Pack-Man's Paternoster; or, a Picktooth for the Pope," +"The Life and Death of Habbie Simson, Piper of Kilbarchum," "The +Blythsome Wedding," "Maggie Lauder," &c., with biographical notices of +their lives. I am now anxious to know if any of your numerous +correspondents can inform me if copies of the original editions of the +_Poems_ by "Robert Sempill" can be procured, or if they are in any of +the public or private libraries in England? The following are what I am +in quest of, viz.: + +1. _The Regentis Tragedie_, 1570. + +2. _The Bischoppis Lyfe and Testament_, 1571. + +3. _My Lorde Methwenis Tragedie_, 1572. + +4. _The Sege of the Castel of Edinburgh_, 1573. + +Also where any notice as to his family, life, and character can be +found. + +A collection of Sempill's _Poems_, with some authentic account of the +author, is certainly a desideratum in Scottish literature. + + T. G. S. + + Edinburgh, Oct. 18. 1851. + + +DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. + +John of Gaunt, by his third wife Katharine Swynford, left four children, +born before his marriage with her, but legitimated by act of parliament. +Of these the eldest is thus mentioned in Burke's "Introduction" to the +_Peerage_, p. xxi.:-- + + "John de Beaufort, _Marquess_ of Somerset and Dorset, who married + Margaret, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, and had a son + John, _Duke_ of Somerset, whose _only daughter and heir_, + Margaret, married Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and was mother + of Henry VII." + +Query, Was Margaret "only child," as well as only daughter of John Duke +of Somerset? or was she not sister to Henry, Edmund, and John, +successively Dukes of Somerset? (See Burke's _Peerage_, "Duke of +Beaufort.") + +In that case, after the death of this last-named Duke John issueless, +she would become "sole heir," as she had always been "sole daughter," of +Duke John the First. + +Or was she in fact _the daughter of this second and last Duke John_? At +his death the male line of Lancaster became extinct; the royal branch +having already failed at the death of Henry VI. + +There appears some little confusion in Burke's excellent work, as may be +seen by comparing p. xxi. of the Introduction, &c., with the genealogy +of the Beaufort family. + + A. B. + + Clifton. + + +Minor Queries. + +246. _Rocky Chasm near Gaeta: Earthquake at the Crucifixion._--Dr. +Basire (who was archdeacon of Northumberland, prebendary of Durham, and +chaplain to King Charles the Martyr and King Charles II.), in his +account of a tour made by himself and companions in 1649, says: + + "Wee landed to see Gaeta, a pleasant, strong, and very antient + citty. In it we saw some wonders, especially the thorow rupture of + a rocky mountain by an earthquake, which tradition sayes, and + Cardinal Baronius publishes to have happened at our Savior's + passion: a stupendous sight it is however, and well worth our + digression."--_Correspondence, &c., of Basire_, edited by the Rev. + W. N. Darnell, p. 90. + +I cannot here consult Baronius, to see whether he gives any references, +and should be very glad to be referred to any ancient historian who has +noticed the event to which this remarkable chasm is attributed, and to +know whether the tradition is preserved by any classical writer. I do +not find the chasm in question described by any naturalist, or other +traveller, whose writings I have been able to refer to. It is in a +locality which abounds with indications of volcanic action. It is said +that the Monte Somma was probably not distinct from the present cone of +Vesuvius prior to the great eruption in A.D. 79. In Dr. Daubeny's +_Description of Active and Extinct Volcanos_, mention is made of an +ancient town beneath the town of Sessa, where a chamber with antique +frescoes and the remains of an amphitheatre were disinterred, of the +overwhelming of which there is no record, nor is there even a tradition +of any eruption having occurred near it in the memory of man. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +247. _Cavalcade._--Your correspondent MR. W. H. HESLEDEN, in his +description of "A Funeral in Hamburgh" (Vol. iv., p. 269.), has twice +made use of the word _cavalcade_ in reference to that which would +otherwise appear to be a walking procession. He will oblige me (and I +dare say others of your readers) by explaining whether the procession +was really equestrian, or whether he has any authority for the +application of the term to pedestrians. The use of the word cannot have +been a mere oversight, since it is repeated. The relation in which it +stands makes it very doubtful whether it can, by any possibility, be +intended to describe a riding party. If, by any latitude, the word may +be otherwise applied, an authority would be interesting. If it is an +error, it certainly should not go uncorrected in "NOTES AND QUERIES." + + NOCAB. + + Harley Street. + +248. _A Sept of Hibernians._--Is _sept_ a word of Erse etymology; and, +if not, of what other? Has it a specific sense; or is it a general +equivalent to _clann_ or _treubh_? + + A. N. + +249. _Yankee Doodle._--Can any of your correspondents explain the origin +of this song, or state in what book a correct version of it can be +found? Likewise, whether the tune is of older date than the song. To +some these may appear trite questions; but I can assure you that I have +been unable to obtain the information I require elsewhere, and my +applications for the song at several music shops, when I was last in +London, were unsuccessful. + + SAMPSON WALKER. + + Cambridge. + +250. _Seventeenth of November: Custom._--When at school at Christ's +Hospital, many years ago, a curious custom prevailed on the 17th +November respecting which I had not then sufficient curiosity to +inquire. + +Two or more boys would take one against whom they had any spite or +grudge, and having lifted him by the arms and legs would bump him on the +hard stones of the cloisters. + +I have often, since I left the school, wondered what could be the origin +of this practice, and more especially as the day was recognised as +having some connexion with Queen Elizabeth. + +In reading, "Sir Roger de Coverley" with notes by Willis, published in +the _Traveller's Library_, I find at p. 134. what I consider a fair +explanation. A full account is there given of the manner in which the +citizens of London intended to celebrate, in 1711, the anniversary of +Queen Elizabeth's accession on 17th November; some parts of which would +almost seem to have been copied during the excitement against the papal +bull in November 1850. + +I have little doubt that originally the unfortunate boy who had to +endure the rude bumping by his schoolfellows was intended to represent +the pope or one of his emissaries, and that those who inflicted the +punishment were looked upon as good Protestants. + +Is there any other school where this day is celebrated; and if so, what +particular custom prevails there? + +The boys always attended morning service at Christ Church on this day. + + F. B. RELTON. + +251. _Chatter-box._--The derivation of this word would seem very plain, +and yet I have some doubts about it. I used to think that we called a +person a "chatter-box" because he or she was, metaphorically speaking, a +box full of chatter, as we should call another person a _bag-of-bones_. +And this seemed confirmed by the German _plaudertasche_, or a +_chatter-bag_, till I learnt from Wackernagel, _Glossar_, that in the +Middle High German _Tasche_ = _a woman_. (See under "Flattertasche.") I +believe we meet with the word again in the epithet _Maultasche_ applied +to the celebrated Margaret Maultasche, the wife of Louis the Elder; +_i.e._ Margaret, the woman with the large mouth. The word also occurs in +the Danish _Taske_ = _a girl_, _a wench_. Hence, I conclude that there +is no doubt but that the German _plaudertasche_ means a chattering +woman. Has our _chatter-box_ the same meaning--_i.e._ is there a word +for _woman_ or _female_ in any of our ancient languages from which _box_ +might arise? The only word which occurs to me just now as confirming +such a supposition is _buxom_ ("to be bonere and buxom, in bedde and at +borde." Ancient Matrimony Service), which is thus = _womanly_. + + J. M. (4) + + St. Mary Tavy, Tavistock. + +252. _Printing in 1449, and Shakspeare._--As the _Esil_ controversy +seems now, if not settled, to be at least lulled, at the risk of +stirring up another Shakspearean discussion, I venture to set down a +passage in the _Second Part of Henry VI._, which I have never yet seen +satisfactorily explained. It is-- + + "Act IV. Scene 7.--_Cade._ ... Thou has most traitorously + corrupted the youth of the realm, in erecting a grammar-school; + and whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the + score and the tally, _thou hast caused printing to be used_; and + contrary to the king, his crown and dignity, _thou hast built a + paper-mill_." + +Is this a mere wilful anachronism on Shakspeare's part; or had "that +misunderstood politician" Mr. John Cade any ground for this particular +accusation against the Lord Treasurer Say? Perhaps some of your +correspondents who have contributed the very interesting Notes on Caxton +and Printing will elucidate the matter. + + W. FRASER. + +253. _Texts before Sermons._--What is the origin of, and the authority +for our present use of texts of Holy Scripture before sermons? In the +Roman Catholic church the custom, I believe, is not the same. The +homilies used in the Church of England have no texts. In the ancient +Postils, was the gospel for the day again read from the pulpit, or were +the hearers supposed to carry it in their minds? It is quite clear that +texts are now in most cases merely the pegs whereon the sermon is hung, +so to speak, and are not read as passages of Holy Scripture to be +expounded to an audience ignorant of the meaning of the sacred volume. +Perhaps this Query may draw forth some remarks on the subject. + + G. R. M. + +254. _Paradyse, Hell, Purgatory._--Can any of your correspondents favour +me with the history and uses of three Chambers or Houses in Westminster + Hall, which in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII. bore these +portentous names? The custody of them was evidently a source of profit; +as there are several grants of it to "squires of the king's body" and +others. (See _Rymer_, xii. 275., xiii. 34.; _Rot. Parl._ vi. 372.) + + [Greek: Ph.] + +255. _Dead Letter._--"If the editor of 'NOTES AND QUERIES' will accept +an indirect suggestion, we should be glad if he, or some of his learned +correspondents, would inform the public of the origin or antiquity of +the popular saying by which a thing, under certain circumstances, is +designated as a 'dead letter.'" + + [Being unwilling that the foregoing Query, which we have taken + from an admirable article on the Dead Letters of the Post Office, + which appeared in _The Times_ of Tuesday last, should itself + become a _dead letter_, we have transferred it to our columns in + hopes that some of our learned correspondents will explain the + origin, and show the antiquity of the phrase by instances of its + earliest use. We do not believe that it is a Post Office + technicality transferred to the vocabulary of every-day life, but + that it is in some way connected with "the letter" that + "killeth."] + +256. _Dominus Bathurst, &c._--Who was "Dominus Bathurst," a Commoner of +Winchester in 1688? "Dominus Anvers" and "Dominus Modyford" occur in +1694; who were they? + + MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +257. _Grammar Schools._--The Editor of the _Family Almanack_ would be +glad if any of the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" could inform him +whether the Grammar Schools founded in the following places are still +open to scholars:-- + +Neale's School, March, Cambridgeshire; Dilborne, Staffordshire; Kirton +in Lindsay, Lincolnshire; Kirton in Holland, Lincolnshire; Nuneaton, +Warwickshire; Pilkington School, Prestwich, Lancashire; Royston, +Yorkshire; Bolton School, Scorton, Yorkshire; Lovel's School, Stickney, +Lincolnshire; Stourbridge, Worcestershire; Tottenham, Middlesex. + +Any letter on the subject can be forwarded to the publisher, 377. +Strand. + +258. _Fermilodum._--I have an antique metal seal in my possession, which +is about two inches and a quarter in diameter, having on its exterior +circle in small capitals SIGILLVM + CIVITATIS + FERMILODVM. I wish to +know if a place with such a seal could be called a _City_, and want a +literal translation of it. My native town was originated by a monastic +establishment, and several of the names of the streets have long puzzled +the learned, such as _May-gate_, _Colorow_ (Collicrow), _Pill_ or Peel +Muir: a place called the Rhodes is also in the vicinity. Would any of +your antiquarian correspondents give derivations of those streets? + + H. E. + +259. _Lord Hungerford._--Who was the Lord Hungerford who was hanged and +degraded (and for what crime?), and who is said in Defoe's _Tour_ (cited +in Southey's _Commonplace Book_, 4th series, p. 429.) to have had a toad +put into his coat of arms? Where can such coat of arms be seen? + + J. R. RELTON. + +260. _Consecration of Bishops in Sweden._--As I see "NOTES AND QUERIES" +attracts notice in Sweden, may I ask whether any record exists of the +consecration of Bothvidus Sermonis, who was appointed to the see of +Strengness by King Gustavus Vasa in 1536? + + E. H. A. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Effigy of a Pilgrim._--There is in the parish church of +Ashby-de-la-Zouch an effigy, which is very interesting from its extreme +rarity; it is placed under a depressed arch in the north wall of the +interior of the edifice, and consists of a recumbent figure of a pilgrim +habited in a cloak and short boots, which lace in front with six holes +just above the instep: his legs are bare, and so is his head, but his +cockle hat lies under his right shoulder; his scrip, hanging from his +right shoulder to his left side, is tolerably perfect; but his row of +beads, suspended from his left shoulder to his right side, is mutilated, +as is also his staff; the hands, which were probably raised in prayer, +are gone; a collar of SS. hangs from his neck (will this be of any use +to MR. E. FOSS, Vol. iv., p. 147.?); the feet of the pilgrim rest +against a curious looking animal, which is said to be a dog. + +Nothing is known as to whom the effigy represents, and I have not +Nichols's _Leicestershire_ by me, to see if he hazards an opinion on the +subject. I shall feel much obliged by any of your numerous readers +kindly informing me where other effigies of pilgrims are to be found, +because if anything is known of them it may possibly help to elucidate +this present case of obscurity. + + THOS. LAURENCE. + + Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + [Nichols, in his _Leicestershire_, vol. iii. p 623., has given + some account of this effigy from Carter and Burton, together with + two sketches of the monument. Carter says, "There is no tradition + to determine whom this figure represents; but Mr. Gough thinks + that it was some person of authority, perhaps a keeper of the + castle, or a bailiff of the town." This monument had been noticed + by Mr. Burton, subsequent to the publication of his _History_; for + in the margin of his volume is this MS. note, and a slight sketch + of the tomb, when the scrip and staff were more perfect than they + are at present:--"On the north side of the church, near to the + great north door, lieth in the wall an ancient monument of a + Palmer in alabaster, which I guess to be of some of the family of + Zouch; which, for the expressing of the manner of the habit, I + caused to be cut and inserted." This sketch is also engraved in + plate lxxvi. of Nichols's _Leicestershire_.] + +"_Modern Universal History._"--At the conclusion of the preface of this +History, in vol. xvi. of the first edition, it is stated, "this work is +illustrated by the most complete set of maps that modern geography +furnishes." My copy is a very fine one, but I do not find any maps +whatever in it. Can any of your readers inform me whether such maps +exist; and if so, in what volumes, and at what pages, they ought to be? +Are they to be obtained separately? + + S. QUARTO. + + [The maps and charts, thirty-seven in number, to the _Modern_ part + of the _Universal History_, were published separately, in folio, + 1766: the volume and page where they are to be inserted are given + on each plate.] + +_Origin of Evil._--Where shall I find this problem fully discussed? + + A. A. D. + + [In Abp. King's _Essay on the Origin of Evil_, translated by + Bishop Law, which has passed through several editions.] + +_Nolo Episcopari._--Why is this phrase applied to a _feigned reluctance_ +in accepting an offer? + + A. A. D. + + [From a note in Blackstone's _Commentaries_, vol. i. p. 380., + edit. Christian, we learn that "it is a prevailing vulgar error, + that every bishop, before he accepts the bishoprick which is + offered him, affects a maiden coyness, and answers _Nolo + episcopari_. The origin of these words and the notion I have not + been able to discover; the bishops certainly give no such refusal + at present, and I am inclined to think they never did at any time + in this country."] + +_Authors of the Homilies._--Presuming that the authors of the Church +Homilies are well known, their writings having been adopted by our +church, and set forth and enjoined by authority to be read in all +churches, I fear I am only showing great ignorance by asking where I can +meet with a list of the writers of those discourses, distinguishing +which of the Homilies were written by each author; and if the writers of +some of them be unknown, then I should be glad to have the names of such +as are known, and the particular Homilies which were written by them. + + G. R. C. + + [Carwithen, in his _History of the Church of England_, vol. i. p. + 221. note _g_, speaking of the first book of Homilies, says, + "These Homilies were the work of Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, + Hopkins, and Becon, one of Cranmer's chaplains. There is little + but internal evidence by which the author of any particular Homily + can be ascertained. The Homily 'Of the Salvation of Mankind,' + being the third as they are now placed, was ascribed by Gardiner + to Cranmer; and Cranmer never denied that it was his. The + eleventh, in three parts, is by Becon; and it is printed among his + works published by himself in three volumes folio. It is in the + second volume." Consult also Le Bas' _Life of Cranmer_, vol. i. p. + 284., and Soames' _Hist. of the Reformation_, vol. iii. p. 56.] + +_Family of Hotham of Yorkshire._--The family of Hotham, or Hothum, of +Boudeby in Yorkshire, acquired large possessions in Kilkenny at an early +period, apparently in consequence of an intermarriage with the Le +Despencers, lords of a third of the liberty of Kilkenny. Can any reader +of "NOTES AND QUERIES" supply me with a pedigree of that family, +especially as connecting therewith Sir John Hotham, Bishop of Ossory, +1779-1782? Any particulars respecting the life of that prelate will also +be thankfully acknowledged: he is said to have been a member of an old +Yorkshire family. (Cotton's _Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae_, vol. ii. p. +288.) + + JAMES GRAVES. + + Kilkenny, Oct. 11. 1851. + + [There are several references to the Hotham family in Sims' _Index + to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the Heralds' Visitations and + other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum_, under Yorkshire. + Granger (_Biographical Hist._, vol. ii. p. 217.) has given a short + account of Sir John Hotham, Governor of Hull _temp._ Charles I. + See also _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. lxiv. p. 182., for a notice of + Sir Charles; and vol. lxviii. p. 633. for an account of the death + of Lady Dorothy Hotham.] + +_Vogelweide._--What authority has Longfellow for his legend of _Walter +of the Bird Meadow_? I find this epitaph given as his in Hone: + + "Pascua qui volucrum vivus, Walthere, fuisti, + Qui flos eloquii, qui Palladis os, obiisti! + Ergo quod aureolam probitas tua possit habere, + Qui legit, hic dicat--'Deus istius miserere!'" + +Has Julius Mosen's _Legend of the Crossbill_, translated by Longfellow, +any more ancient foundation? + + MORTIMER COLLINS. + + [The epitaph, and a very interesting sketch of the life of _Walter + Vogelweide_, with some ably translated specimens of his poetical + compositions, will be found in the late Edgar Taylor's _Lays of + the Minnisingers_, 8vo. London, 1825.] + +_Meaning of Skeatta._--What is a silver Skeatta? See _Gent. Mag._, May, +1851, p. 537. + + J. R. RELTON. + + [Mr. Akerman, in his very useful _Numismatic Manual_, p. 227., + says, "The word _sceatta_ is by some derived from _sceat_, a + _part_ or _portion_. Professor White, in a paper read to the + Ashmolean Society, remarks, that it is of Moeso-Gothic origin, + _scatt_ signifying in the Gospels of Uphilas a _pound_, a _penny_, + and, indeed, money in general." Ruding observes that, "Whatever + might have been the precise value of the _sceatta_, it was + undoubtedly the smallest coin known among the Saxons at the latter + end of the seventh century, as appears from its forming part of a + proverb: Ne sceat ne scilling, _From the least to the greatest_."] + + + + +Replies. + + +MARRIAGE OF ECCLESIASTICS. + +(Vol. iv. pp. 57. 125. 193. 196. 298.) + +Your general readers have reason to be as much obliged as myself to your +correspondents CEPHAS and K. S. for the information contained in the +former's criticisms, and the latter's addition to what you had inserted +in my name on the subject of clerical marriages. + +CEPHAS is very fair, for he does not find fault with other persons' +versions of the first part of Heb. xiii. 4. without giving his own +version to be compared; and he states the ground of his criticisms on my +reference to it. He has kindly told your readers, what they might have +conjectured from the Italics in our authorized version, that in +rendering [Greek: Timios ho gamos en pasi], "Marriage _is_ honourable in +all," they inserted _is_; and to show your readers an example of keeping +closer to the original, he himself renders it as follows: "Let (the laws +of) marriage be revered in all _things_, and the marriage bed be +undefiled." + +Then comes his exposure of my unhappy mistake: "H. WALTER mistakes the +adjective _feminine_ [Greek: en pasi] as meaning _all men_." Really, had +I known that [Greek: pasi] was an adjective feminine, I could scarcely +have fallen into the mistake of supposing it to mean _all men_. But many +of your readers will be likely to feel some sympathy for my error, while +they learn from CEPHAS that the ordinary Greek grammars, in which they +can have proceeded but a very few pages before they read and were called +upon to repeat the cases of [Greek: pas, pasa, pan], were quite wrong in +teaching us that though [Greek: pasi] might be either masculine or +neuter, it must not be taken for a feminine form. But before we correct +this error in one of the first pages of our grammar, I presume that we +should all like to know from what recondite source CEPHAS has discovered +that [Greek: pasi], and not [Greek: pasais], is the feminine form of +this constantly-recurring adjective. + +But farther, p. 193. will show that I did not give him a right to assume +that I should construe [Greek: pasi] "all _men_." For under my +_mistaken_ view of its being masculine, I thought the weaker sex was +included; and being myself a married man, I knew that marriage +comprehends women as well as men. + +But there is still more to be learnt from the criticisms of CEPHAS, +which the learned world never knew before. For, having told us that +[Greek: pasi] is an adjective feminine, he adds, "it signifies here _in +all things_;" whereas the grammars have long taught that _things_ must +not be understood unless the adjective be neuter. Perhaps he had better +concede that the grammars have not been wrong in allowing that [Greek: +pasi] may be neuter; and then, as we know that it is also masculine, and +he knows it to be feminine, it must be admitted to be of all genders, +and so young learners will be spared all the trouble of distinguishing +between them. If it be admitted that [Greek: pasi] is neuter here, it +may signify _all things_. + +My other mistake, he says, has been that of not perceiving that the +imperative _let_ should be supplied, instead of the indicative _be_. +This must be allowed to be open to debate; but as the proper meaning of +[Greek: timios] is "to be esteemed honourable," "had in reputation" +(Acts v. 34.), will it be a mistake to say, that the primitive +Christians would properly respect marriage, in their clergy as well as +in others, on the ground of the Scriptures saying, "Let marriage be +esteemed honourably in every respect?" Could they properly want ground +for allowing it to the clergy, when they could also read 1 Tim. iii. 2. +11., and Titus i. 6.? As CEPHAS quotes the Vulgate for authority in +favour of _enim_ in the next clause, he might have told your readers to +respect its authority in rendering the first clause, "Honorabile +connubium in omnibus." And if he has no new rules for correcting Syriac +as well as Greek, that very ancient version, though the gender of the +adjective be ambiguous in the equivalent to [Greek: pasi], renders the +next clause, "and _their_ couch _is_ pure," showing that _persons_ were +understood. + +Next comes K. S., who tells your readers that Whiston quotes the +well-known _Doctor_ Wall for evidence as to the prohibition of second +marriages among the Greek clergy, before the Council of Nice. I should +like to know something of this _well-known Doctor_. There was a +well-known Mr. Wall, who wrote on baptism; and there was a Don Ricardo +Wall, a Spanish minister of state, well known in his day, and there was +a Governor Wall, too well known from his being hanged; but I cannot find +that any of these was a Doctor, so as to be the well-known Doctor Wall, +whose "authority no one would willingly undervalue," (p. 299.) As for +poor Whiston, his name was well known too, as a bye-word for a person +somewhat crazy, when he quitted those mathematical studies which +compelled him to fix his mind on his subject with steadiness whilst +pursuing them. K. S. has told us that he terms "the _Apostolic +Constitutions_ the most sacred of the canonical books of the New +Testament." Such an opinion is quite enough as a test of Whiston's power +of judging in such questions. After much discussion, the most learned of +modern investigators assigns the compilation of the first six books of +those _Constitutions_ to the end of the third century, and the eighth to +the middle of the fourth. + +In the remarks to which CEPHAS has thus adverted, I gave some evidence +of marriages among ecclesiastics, at later dates than your correspondent +supposes such to have been allowed. Can he disprove that evidence? (See +Vol. iv., p. 194.) + + HENRY WALTER. + +Your correspondent CEPHAS attacks the authorised version of Heb. xiii. +4., and favours your readers with another. I venture to offer a few +remarks on both these points. + +I. He thinks-- + + "The authors of the authorised version advisedly inserted _is_ + instead of _let_, to forward their own new (?) doctrines." + +Doubtless whatever the translators did was done "_advisedly_;" but what +proof has CEPHAS that they adopted the present version _merely_ to serve +their own "interest?" Some verb _must_ be supplied, and either form will +suit the passage. It is true that Hammond prefers _let_ to _is_, but +there is as great authority on the other side. + +1. St. Chrysostom: + + "_For marriage is honourable, and the bed undefiled_: why art thou + ashamed of the honourable; why blushest thou at the + undefiled?"--_Hom. XII._ (Colos. vi.) Oxf. Trans., vol. xiv. p. + 330. + + "_For marriage is honourable._"--_Hom. X._ (1 Tim. i.), Oxf. + Trans., vol. xii. p. 77. + + "And this I say, not as accusing marriage; _for it is honourable_: + but those who have used it amiss."--_Hom. IX._ (2 Corin. iii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xxvii. p. 120. + + "And the blessed Paul says, '_Marriage is honourable in all, and + the bed undefiled_;' but he has nowhere said, that the care of + riches is honourable, but the reverse."--_Hom. V._ (Tit. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xii. p. 313. + + "Thus marriage is accounted an honourable thing both by us and by + those without; and _it is honourable_."--_Hom. XII._ (1 Cor. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. iv. p. 160. + +2. St. Augustine: + + "Hear what God saith; not what thine own mind, in indulgence to + thine own sins, may say, or what thy friend, thine enemy rather + and his own too, bound in the same bond of iniquity with thee, may + say. Hear then what the Apostle saith: '_Marriage is honourable in + all, and the bed undefiled. But whoremongers and adulterers God + will judge._'"--_Hom. on N.T._, Serm. xxxii. [82 B], Oxf. T., vol. + xvi. p. 263. + + "'_Honourable, therefore, is marriage in all_, [he had just before + been speaking of married persons] _and the bed undefiled._' And + this we do not so call a good, as that it is a good in comparison + of fornication," &c.--_Short Treat. de Bono Conjug._, Oxf. T., + vol. xxii. p. 283. + +3. St. Jerome, to whose authority perhaps CEPHAS will sooner bow on a +version of Holy Scripture than to Hammond's: + + "Illi scriptum est: 'Honorabiles nuptiae, et cubile immaculatum:' + Tibi legitur, 'Fornicatores _autem_ et adulteros judicabit + Deus.'"--69. _Epist. ad Ocean. Hier. Op._, vol. i. f. 325. + Basileae. Ed. Erasm. 1526. + +In all these passages the words are quoted _affirmatively_, as is +evident from the context; and it seems more likely, as well as more +charitable, to believe that our translators were induced to adopt the +present version in deference to such authorities, than to impute to them +paltry motives of party purposes, which at the same time they have +themselves taken the surest means to get exposed, by printing the +inserted word in Italics. Can CEPHAS adduce any Father who quotes the +text as he would read it, in the imperative mood, and with the sense of +"all things," not "all persons?" There may be such, but they require to +be alleged in the face of positive and adverse testimony. It is evident +that the mere substitution of [Greek: esto] for [Greek: esti], without +an entire change of the rest of the passage, will make no difference; +for that which was an assertion before will then have become a command. + +II. CEPHAS proposes another version, and observes, "H. WALTER mistakes +the adjective feminine [Greek: en pasi] as meaning 'all men,' whereas it +signifies here 'in all things.'" Probably this is the first time that +MR. H. WALTER and your other readers ever heard that [Greek: en pasi] +was a _feminine_ adjective. Your learned critic must surely have either +forgotten his Greek grammar, in his haste to correct the translators of +the Bible, or else is not strong in the genders; for he has unluckily +hit upon the very gender which [Greek: pasi] cannot be, by any +possibility. But let it pass for a "lapsus memoriae." However, he +supports his version of "all things" by one other passage, 2 Cor. xi. +6., where yet it _may_ be translated, as Hammond himself does in the +margin, "among all men" (cf. v. 8.): and I will offer him one other: + + [Greek: hina en pasi doxazetai ho Theos dia Iesou Christou].--1 + Pet. iv. 11. + + [Scil. [Greek: charismasin].] + +But does CEPHAS mean to say that [Greek: en pasi] is _always_ to be thus +rendered, when found without a substantive? Here are five passages from +St. Paul's Epistles, in which, with one possible exception, it +_evidently_ means "persons," not "things." + + 1. [Greek: ho de autos esti Theos, ho energon ta panta en + pasin.]--1 Cor. xii. 6. + + 2. [Greek: hina e ho Theos ta panta en pasin.]--1 Cor. xv. 28. + + 3. [Greek: barbaros, Skythes, doulos, eleutheros, alla ta panta + kai en pasi Christos.]--Col. iii. 11. + + 4. [Greek: tauta meleta, en toutois isthi; hina sou he prokope + phanera e en pasin.]--1 Tim. iv. 15. + + 5. [Greek: all' ouk en pasin he gnosis.]--1 Cor. viii. 7. + +Upon the whole, then, I imagine that if any one will take the trouble to +compare the passages above cited, and others in which the phrase [Greek: +en pasi] is used, he will find that _generally_ it refers to "persons," +and requires to be limited by the context before it bears the sense of +"_things_:"--in other words, that the former meaning is to be considered +the rule, the latter the exception. + + E. A. D. + +Is not this somewhat dangerous ground for "NOTES AND QUERIES" to venture +upon, bearing in mind "the depths profound" of disputatious polemics by +which it is bounded? As, however, A. B. C. has, to a certain extent, led +you forward, it were well for you to offer a more sufficient direction +to the intricacies of the way, than can be found in the only +half-informed "Replies" which have hitherto been given to his inquiry. +This is the more necessary, as we now are accustomed to turn to you for +the resolution of many of our doubts; and, under these circumstances, it +were better that you spake not at all, than that your language be +incomplete or uncertain. But the present question, from the very nature +of the case, is involved in some difficulty; and, to set about the proof +of individual instances of the non-celibate _as a rule_ of the bishops +of the primitive Church, or to discuss probabilities, which have already +formed the subject of much [Greek: paradiatribe], would fill more of +your pages than you would be ready to devote to such a purpose. It would +best then subserve the intentions of your publication, upon such a +matter as the present, to direct the attention of your correspondents to +accredited sources of information, and leave them to work out the +results for themselves. Voluminous are these authorities, but it will be +found that the following contain the entire subject in dispute, as +presented by the combatants on both sides; namely, _The Defense of the +Apologie_, edit. fol. 1571, pp. 194-231, 540-545.; Wharton's _Treatise +of the Celibacy of the Clergy_, in Gibson's _Preservative against +Popery_, fol. 1738, vol. i. pp. 278-339.; and Preby. Payne's _Texts +Examin'd_, &c., in _the same_, pp. 340-359. Previously, however, to +commencing the study of these authorities, I would recommend a perusal +of the statement made by Messrs. Berington and Kirk, on the celibacy of +the clergy, in _The Faith of Catholics_, &c., edit. 1830, p. 384. + + COWGILL. + + [COWGILL is right: the question of the Marriage of Ecclesiastics + is not calculated for our pages. But our correspondent CEPHAS + having impugned the scholarship of H. WALTER, and the honesty of + the translators of the authorized version, justice required that + we should insert MR. WALTER'S answer, and one of the many replies + we have received in defence of the translators. With these, and + COWGILL'S references to authorities which may be consulted upon + the question, the discussion in our columns must terminate.] + + +LORD STRAFFORD AND ARCHBISHOP USSHER. + +(Vol. iv., p. 290.) + +The question raised by PEREGRINUS is one of interest, which a comparison +of original and trustworthy writers enables us soon to settle. It is no +vulgar calumny which implicates Ussher in the advice which induced +Charles I. to consent to the murder of Lord Strafford; and though it +seems not unlikely that from timidity Ussher avoided giving any advice, +but allowed it to be inferred that he coincided in the counsel of +Williams; after weighing the evidence on this subject it is, to say the +least, impossible for us to believe for an instant that he acted in the +same noble manner as Bishop Juxon. Thus far is clear, that Bishop Juxon, +knowing that the king was satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +besought him to refuse to allow of the execution, and to "trust God with +the rest." Neither is it denied that Bishops Williams, Potter, and +Morton advised the king to assent to the bill of attainder, on the +ground that he was only assenting to the deeds of others, and was not +himself acting responsibly. And assuredly the same evidence which +carries us thus far, will not allow of our supposing that Ussher joined +with Juxon, though, as I have said before, he may, when summoned, have +avoided giving any advice. The facts seem simply these: when it was +known that the king, satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +hesitated about affixing his signature to the bill, or granting a +commission to others to do so, the London rabble, lord mayor, and +prentice lads were next called up, and the safety of the royal family +menaced. This led to the queen's solicitation, that Charles would regard +the lives of his family and sacrifice Strafford. Still the king could +not be moved. He had scruples of conscience, as well he might. This the +peers knowing, they _selected_ four bishops who should satisfy these +scruples: the four thus selected were Ussher, Williams, Morton, and +Potter. On Sunday morning, the 9th of May, the _four_ should have +proceeded to Whitehall: the _three_ latter did so; but Ussher preferred +the safer course of going and preaching at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, +leaving to his brother bishops the task of distinguishing between the +king's private conscience and his corporate one. The king, not satisfied +to leave the matter in the hands of those specially selected to urge his +consent, summoned the Privy Council. Juxon was present as Lord +Treasurer, and gave that noble and truly Christian advice: "Sir, you +know the judgment of your own conscience; I beseech you follow that, and +trust God with the rest." Moved by this, and by his own conviction of +Strafford's innocence, the king still refused assent; and it was needful +to hold another meeting, which was done in the evening of the same day. +As evening service had not been introduced into churches, Ussher was +present at the palace, and by his silence acquiesced in the advice +tendered by Bishop Williams. After the bill was signed, he broke silence +in useless regrets. But it was then too late to benefit Strafford, and +quite safe to utter his own opinions. In opposition to this, which rests +upon indisputable evidence, and with which Ussher's own statement +entirely accords, PEREGRINUS adduces the fact that Ussher attended +Strafford on the scaffold. But what does this prove? Merely that the +faction which would not tolerate that Laud or Juxon should minister the +last offices of the Church to their dying friend, did not object to +Ussher's presence; and that Strafford, who could have known nothing of +what had passed on Sunday in the interior of Whitehall, gladly accepted +the consolations of religion from the hands of the timid Primate of all +Ireland. + +The substance of what appears in Elrington's _Life of Ussher_ had been +long before stated by Dr. Thomas Smith in his _Vita Jacobi Usserii_, +apud _Vitae quorundam Erudit. et Illust. Virorum_; but if, in addition, +PEREGRINUS would consult May's _History of the Long Parliament_; +Echard's _History of England_, bk. ii. ch. i.; Whitelocke's _Memorials_, +p. 45.; Rushworth; Collier's _Ecclesiastical History_, t. ii. p. 801.; +Dr. Knowler, in Preface to _The Earl of Strafford's Letters and +Dispatches_; Dr. South, in _Sermon on Rom_. xi. 33.; and Sir George +Radcliffe's Essay in Appendix to _Letters, &c. of Lord Strafford_, t. +ii. p. 432., I doubt not but that he will come to the conclusion that +the above sketch is only consistent with stern fact. + + W. DN. + + +SCULPTURED STONES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND. + +(Vol. iv., p. 86.) + +ABERDONIENSIS tells us that Mr. Chalmers, of Auldbar, had got drawings +of the sculptured stone obelisks in Angus lithographed for the Bannatyne +Club, and that the work had excited considerable interest, and that the +Spalding Club of Aberdeen are now obtaining drawings of the stones of +this description in the north of Scotland. Circulars from the Spalding +Club desiring information had been sent to a large number of the clergy, +to which answers had been received only from a small portion, and he +desired further information. These monuments, he states, are not to be +found south of the Forth, and I am told not further north than +Sutherlandshire. It would be desirable to know what these sculptured +obelisks and the sculptures on them are; if symbolical, of what, or what +they serve to illustrate; the supposed race and date to which they are +referable. What the Veronese antiquarians, Maffei and Bianchini, did +from the nation's ancient remains to throw light on history, shows what +may be done. In Orkney no sculptured stone, or stone with a runic +inscription, has been noticed among its circles of standing stones, or +single bantasteins; and though it is right to admit that attention has +not been directed to seeking them, yet I do not believe they could have +escaped observation had there been any such. The absence of runic stones +in Orkney appears singular in a country certainly Scandinavian from its +conquest by Harald Harfager, king of Norway, A.D. 895 (or perhaps +earlier), till its transfer to Scotland in 1468 in mortgage for a part +of the marriage portion of the Danish princess who became the queen of +James III. of Scotland by treaty between the countries of Denmark and +Norway and Scotland. In Zetland Dr. Hibbert noticed a few ruins, and +within these few days the peregrinations of the Spalding Club have +brought to notice, in the Island of Bruray, a stone of runic state, +having inscribed on it letters like runic characters, and sculptures in +relief, but decayed. A drawing is being made of it, to satisfy +antiquarian curiosity. It may merit notice that _no_ runic stones have +been found in Orkney, nor circles of standing stones in Zetland. The +sculptures of classic antiquity have been made use of to elucidate +history, and it is equally to be desired that those Scottish sculptured +remains should, if possible, be rescued from what Sir Francis Palgrave +calls the "speechless past," and made to tell their tale in illustration +of the earlier period of Scottish or Caledonian story. + + W. H. F. + + +ANAGRAMS. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 226, 297.) + +As anagrams have been admitted into your pages, perhaps the following, +on the merits of your publication, may find a place. + +(1.) Every one will allow that "NOTES AND QUERIES" is _a +Question-Sender_, and a very efficient one too. + +(2.) Always ready to furnish information, it says to all, _O send in a +Request_. + +(3.) Its principles are loyal and constitutional, for its very name, in +other words, is _Queens and Tories_. + +(4.) It is suited to all classes, for while it instructs the people, it +_tires no sad queen_. + +(5.) It promotes peaceful studies so much that it _ends a queen's riot_. + +(6.) The new subscriber finds it so interesting that on his bookseller's +asking if he wishes to continue it, he is sure to say, _No end as I +request_. + +(7.) Lastly, its pages are only too absorbing; for I often observe +(after dinner) my friend _A--n's nose quite red_. + +Hoping the editor, who must be accustomed, from the variety of his +contributions, to (8) _stand queer noise_, will excuse this trifling, I +beg to subscribe myself, + + (9) DAN. STONE, ESQUIRE. + +As some of your readers feel an interest in anagrams, I venture to make +an additional contribution. Polemics apart, it will strike most persons +as remarkably happy: + + "But, holie father, I am certifyed + That they youre power and policye deride; + And how of you they make an anagram, + The best and bitterest that the wits could frame. + As thus: + _Supremus Pontifex Romanus._ + Annagramma: + _O non sum super petram fixus._" + +It occurs in Taylor's _Suddaine Turne of Fortune's Wheele_, lately +printed for private circulation, under the care of Mr. Halliwell. + + C. H. + +I am surprised not one of your correspondents has noticed the anagram by +George Herbert on _Roma_. As it is a good specimen of what may be +called "learned trifling" I subjoin a copy of it:-- + + "Roma dabit oram, Maro, + Ramo, armo, mora, et amor. + + "Roma tuum nomen quam non pertransiit _Oram_ + Cum Latium ferrent saecula prisca jugum? + Non deerat vel fama tibi, vel carmina famae, + Unde _Maro_ laudes duxit ad astra tuas. + At nunc exsucco similis tua gloria _Ramo_ + A veteri trunco et nobilitate cadit. + Laus antiqua et honor perierunt, te velut _Armo_ + Jam deturbarunt tempora longa suo. + Quin tibi jam desperatae _Mora_ nulla medetur; + Qua Fabio quondam sub duce nata salus. + Hinc te olim gentes miratae odere vicissim; + Et cum sublata laude recedit _Amor_." + + H. C. K. + +Amongst George Herbert's _Poems_ is an anagram, which I shall only +allude to, as it is upon a sacred subject; and Fulke Greville, Lord +Brooke, has left us a play upon his own name, which would scarcely +satisfy the requirements of MR. BREEN. However, I am glad of any +opportunity of referring to our great English Lucretius, and will +transcribe it:-- + + "Let no man aske my name, + Nor what else I should be; + For _Greiv-Ill_, paine, forlorne estate + Doe best decipher me." + + "Caelica," sonnet lxxxiii. _Works_, p. 233. Lond. 1633. + +To me the most satisfactory anagram in the English language is that by +the witty satirist Cleveland upon Oliver Cromwell: + + _Protector. O Portet C. R._ + + Cleveland's _Works_, p. 343. Lond. 1687. + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 18. 1851. + + +THE LOCUSTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. + +(Vol. iv., p. 255.) + +The Romaic version of Matt. iv. 4. is almost verbally taken from the +Greek, "[Greek: he de trophe autou en akrides kai meli agrion]." In Mark +i. 6., the expression is [Greek: esthion akridas]. The only other place +in the New Testament were the word [Greek: akris] is found, is in Rev. +ix. 3. 7., where it plainly means a locust. + +In the Septuagint version the word is commonly used for the Hebrew +[Hebrew: `arbeh], locust, of the meaning of which there is no dispute; as +in Exodus, x. 4. 12, 13, 14.; Deut. xxviii. 38.; Joel, i. 4., ii. 25.; +Ps. cv. 34., &c. + +In other places the word [Greek: akris] in the Septuagint corresponds to +[Hebrew: chagab], in the Hebrew, as in Numb. xiii. 33.; Is. xl. 22.; and +that this was a species of locust which was eatable, appears from Lev. +xi. 21, 22.: + + "Yet there may ye eat of every _flying_ creeping thing that goeth + upon all fours, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal + upon the earth; even those of them ye may eat, the locust + ([Hebrew: th ha`arbeh], [Greek: ton brouchon]) after his kind, and + the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and + the grasshopper ([Hebrew: `eth hechagab], [Greek: ten akrida]) + after his kind." + +That locusts were eaten in the East is plain from Pliny, who in xi. 29. +relates this of the Parthians; and in vi. 30. of the Ethiopians, among +whom was a tribe called the Acridophagi, from their use of the [Greek: +akris] for food. + +There seems, then, no reason to suppose that in Matt. iv. 4., Mark i. +6., the word [Greek: akrides] should be taken to mean anything but +locusts. + +It was, however, a very ancient opinion that the word [Greek: akrides] +here means [Greek: akrodrya], or [Greek: akra dryon], or [Greek: +akremones], or [Greek: akrismata], the ends of the branches of trees; +although the word [Greek: akrides] is never used in this sense by pure +Greek writers. + + T. C. + + Durham. + +The interpretation of [Greek: akrides] (Matt. iii. 4.) suggested to +[Greek: Boreas] is not new. Isidorus Pelusiota (Epist. i. 132.) says: + + "[Greek: hai akrides, hais Ioannes etrepheto, ou zoa eisin, hos + tines oiontai amathos, kantharois apeoikota; me genoito; all' + akremones botanon e phyton]." + +Chrysostom, Theophylact, and others, either adopt or quote the same +interpretation, as may be seen by referring to Suicer, _Thes. Eccl._, +under the word [Greek: Akris]. + +But in the absence of any direct proof that the word was ever used in +this sense, I do not think it safe to adopt interpretations which +possibly rested only on some tradition. + +There is positive proof that locusts were eaten by some people. In Lev. +xi. 22. we have, + + "These of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald + locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the + grasshopper after his kind." + +In this passage we find [Greek: akrida] used by the LXX. for the Hebrew +[Hebrew: chagab], the last of the four kinds specified. I find in +several commentators whom I have consulted, reference to Bochart's +_Hierozoicon_, ii. 4. 7., but as I have not the book by me, I must be +content with referring your correspondent to it; and if he will look at +the commentaries of Elsner and Kuinoel, and Schleusner's _Lexicon_, he +will find references to so many authors in confirmation of the fact in +question, that I think he will not disagree with me in concluding that +where the balance of learned opinion, as well as of evidence, is so +great in favour of one interpretation, we ought not rashly to take up +another, however intelligent the party may be by whom it was suggested. + +I have just looked into Wolfius on the New Testament, and there find a +list of writers who have adopted the interpretations of the Father +above mentioned, and also a host of others who defend the received +explanation. If they should be within the reach of [Greek: Boreas] (as +most of them are not in mine), he will be able to balance their +arguments for himself. + + [Hebrew: B.] + + L---- Rectory, Somerset. + +Perhaps the following may be useful to your correspondent [Greek: +Boreas] on the word [Greek: akrides], St. Matt. iii. 4. + +Lev. xi. 22., we have an enumeration of the various kinds of locusts +known to the Jews, viz. the locust proper, the bald locust, beetle, +grasshopper; rendered in the Vulgate respectively, _bruchus_, _attacus_, +_ophiomachus_, _locusta_, the latter by the Septuagint, [Greek: +akrides]. The Hebrew [Hebrew: `arbeh], the locust proper, from [Hebrew: +ravah], to multiply, is used chiefly for the ravaging locust, as Exod. +x. 12., probably a larger kind; while [Hebrew: chagab], which is +translated _grasshopper_ in our version above, Vulg. _locusta_, Sept. +[Greek: akrides], rendered by Fuerstius (_Heb. Conc._) _locusta +gregaria_, is mostly used as implying diminutiveness, as Numbers, xiii. +33., and but once as a devouring insect, 2 Chro. vii. 13. It is +translated indiscriminately, in our version, _locust_ and _grasshopper_; +all these were edible and permitted to the Jews. Singularly enough, +there is one passage in which this word [Hebrew: chagab] is used, viz. +Eccl. xii. 5., in which it is doubted by some whether it may not mean a +vegetable; but this is not the opinion of the best authorities. The +observation of Grotius, by-the-bye, on the place is extremely curious, +differing from all the other commentators. + +What we learn from the Old Testament, then is the probability that +[Greek: akrides] meant a smaller kind of locust; and that they were +edible and permitted to the Jews. We have abundant evidence, moreover, +from other quarters, that these locusts were prized as food by +frequenters of the desert. Joh. Leo (_Descript. Africae_, book ix., +quoted by Drusius, _Crit. Sac._) says: + + "Arabiae desertae et Libyae populi locustarum adventum pro felici + habent omine; nam vel elixas, vel ad solem desiccatas, in farinam + tundunt atque edunt." + +Again, _Mercurialis, de Morb. Puerorum_, i. 3. ap. eun.: + + "Refert Agatharchides, in libro de Mare Rubro, [Greek: + akridophagous], i.e. eos qui vescuntur locustis, corpora habere + maxime extenuata et macilenta." + +Fit food, therefore, of the ascetic. Theophylact understood by [Greek: +akrides] a wild herb or fruit; but all the most trustworthy commentators +besides were of opinion that an animal was intended. + +The modern Greek interpretation of [Greek: akrides], "the young and +tender shoots of plants," may perhaps be traced in what Balth. +Stolbergius (see his essay on this passage, the most copious of any) +says; maintaining it to be an animal, he adds,-- + + "Insectum, infirmis pennis alatum, ac proinde altius non evolans, + sic dictum ab uredine locorum quae attingit; quasi loca usta. + Graece, [Greek: akris, para tas akras ton astachyon kai ton phyton + nomesthai]." + +The following from _Hieron. adv. Jovinian_, ii. 6., quoted by Drusius, +while it asserts that locusts were esteemed as food in some countries, +will, perhaps, account for the unwillingness of the Greek friend of your +correspondent [Greek: Boreas] to recognise an animal in the [Greek: +akrides] of John the Baptist: + + "Apud orientales et Libyae populos, quia per desertum et calidam + eremi vastitatem locustarum nubes reperiuntur, locustis vesci + moris est; hoc verum esse Johannes quoque Baptista probat. + Compelle Phrygem et Ponticum ut locustas comedat, nefas putabit." + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +Will you permit me to observe that the proper word is _locusts_? For I +remember when I was at Constantinople in the year 1809, that passing +through the fruit and vegetable bazaar, I observed some dried fruits, +resembling a large French bean pod; they appeared dry, and were of a +brown colour. I inquired the name of "the fruit;" I was told they were +"locusts." I was struck with the name, for I remembered the passage in +the New Testament, and I could not reconcile my mind to St. John living +upon locusts (the insects) and wild honey. I immediately tasted some of +the fruit, and found it sweet and good, something similar to the date, +but not so good, although nutritious. I was thus instantly convinced of +the possibility of St. John living upon "locusts and wild honey" in the +desert. I have related to you this fact as it occurred to me. The locust +tree must be well known amongst horticulturists. I do not pretend to +enter into the question whether the translation is right or wrong, as I +am no "scollard," as the old woman said. + + J. BL. + +There is in Malta, the north of Africa, and Syria, a tree called the +locust tree; it bears a pod resembling the bean, and affords in those +countries food for both man and horse, which I have no doubt in my own +mind is the locust of the New Testament. If your correspondent feels +curious on the subject, I would search the bottom of my portmanteau, and +perhaps might be able to forward him a specimen. + + J. W. + +Relative to the meaning of [Greek: Akrides] in Matt. iii., I beg to +refer your correspondent [Greek: Boreas] to the note in Dr. Burton's +_Gr. Test._, where he will find reference to the authors who have +discussed the question. + + DX. + + +THE SOUL'S ERRAND. + +(Vol. iv., p. 274.) + +This beautiful little poem is assigned by Bishop Percy to Sir Walter +Raleigh, by whom it is said to have been written the night before his +execution; this assertion is, however, proved to be unfounded, from the +fact that Raleigh was not executed until 1618, and the poem in question +was printed in the second edition of Francis Davidson's _Poetical +Rhapsody_, in 1608. "It is nevertheless possible," observes Sir Harris +Nicolas (Introduction to _Poetical Rhapsody_, p. ci.), "that it was +written by Raleigh the night before he _expected_ to have been executed +at Winchester, November, 1603, a circumstance which is perfectly +reconcileable to dates, and in some degree accounts for the tradition +alluded to." This ground must be now abandoned, as it is certain that +MS. copies of the poem exist of a still earlier date. Malone had a MS. +copy of it dated 1595 (_Shakspeare by Boswell_, vol. ii. p. 579.); +Brydges speaks of one in the British Museum dated 1596 (_Lee Priory +edit. of Raleigh's Works_, vol. viii. p. 725.); and Campbell says, "it +can be traced to a MS. of a date as early as 1593" (_Specimens_, p. 57. +second edit.). + +"The Soul's Errand" is found in the folio edition of Joshua Sylvester's +_Works_, and also in the poems of Lord Pembroke. Ritson, whose authority +merits some attention, peremptorily attributes it to Francis Davison. +"_The Answer to the Lye_," he observes, "usually ascribed to Raleigh, +and pretended to have been written the night before his execution, was +in fact by Francis Davison" (_Bib. Poet._ p. 308.). + +The evidence in favour of these three claimants has been well examined +by the Rev. John Hannah (see _Poems by Sir Henry Wotton, Sir Walter +Raleigh, and others_, 12mo. 1845, pp. 89-99.), and completely set aside. +The same gentleman has printed a curious poetical piece, from an old MS. +Miscellany in the Chetham Library at Manchester (8012. p. 107), which +does something to establish Raleigh's claim. It commences as follows:-- + + "Go, Eccho of the minde; + A careles troth protest; + Make answere yt _rude Rawly_ + No stomack can disgest." + + "In these verses (remarks Mr. Hannah) three points especially + deserve attention; first, that they assign the disputed poem to + Raleigh _by name_; next, that they were written _when he was still + alive_, as is plain from the concluding stanza; and lastly, that + they give the reason why it has been found so difficult to + discover its true author, for the 13th stanza intimates that 'The + Lie' was anonymous, though its writer was not altogether unknown." + +Many MS. copies of "The Soul's Errand" exist. Two of them have been +printed at the end of Sir Harris Nicolas's edition of Davison's +_Poetical Rhapsody_; the one from Harl. MS. 2296., the other from a +manuscript in the same collection, No. 6910.; the readings of which not +only differ materially from each other, but in a slight degree also from +the printed copies. The title in Davison is "The Lie," which is retained +by Percy; that of "The Soul's Errand" was taken by Ellis from +Sylvester's _Works_. In some copies it is called "The Farewell." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +The lines reported to have been written by Sir Walter Raleigh the night +before his execution were _not_, I think, those alluded to by AEGROTUS. +In the _Reliquiae Wottonianae_ are some few "poems found amongst the +papers of Sir Henry Wotton," one of which is headed "Sir Walter Raleigh +the Night before his Death," and is this: + + "Even such is _time_ that takes on trust + Our _youth_, our _joyes_, our all we have, + And pays us but with _age_ and _dust_; + Who in the dark and silent grave + (When we have wandered all our ways) + Shuts up the story of our days. + But from this _earth_, this _grave_, this _dust_, + My God shall raise me up, I trust."--W. R. + + P. 396, 3d edition, London, 1672. + +In the _Collection of Sacred Poetry_, edited for the Parker Society by +Mr. Farr (vol. i. p. 236.), the lines I have adduced are headed "An +Epitaph" and attributed to Sir W. Raleigh on the above melancholy +occasion. + +"The Soul's Errand," which AEGROTUS quotes from, is entitled "The +Farewell" in the same collection; but so much ambiguity rests upon Sir +Walter's poetry that I shall merely add my conviction that the "Epitaph" +is only a fragment--"judicent peritiores." + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 14. 1851. + + [BARTANUS, JOHN ALGOR, H. E. H. have also kindly replied to this + Query.] + + +THE TWO DRS. ABERCROMBIE. + +(Vol. iii., p. 209.) + +It does not appear that David and Patrick Abercromby either studied or +graduated at the University of Leyden. Their names are not found in the +alphabetic registers of the students matriculated in the University.[3] +For this reason the academic dissertations of these two physicians will +be sought in vain in the University library. Three works of David +Abercromby are, however, here: + + 1. "Tuta ac Efficax + Luis Venereae, saepe absque + Mercurio, ac semper absque + Salivatione Mercuriali + Curandae Methodus. + Authore Davide Abercromby, M.D. + Londini, impensis Samuel Smith ad + insigne principis in Coemiterio Divi + Pauli. MDCLXXXIV." + Dedicated to Dr. Whistlero + (Dubam, Londini, 7th Apr. 1684). + + 2. "Davidis Abercromby, M.D. + De variatione, ac varietate Pulsus Observationes + accessit ejusdem authoris + Nova Medicinae + tum Speculativae, + Tum Practicae Clavis + Sive ars + Explorandi Medicae Plantarum ac Corporum + quorum--cumque Facultatis + ex solo sapore.--Imp. Samuel Smith. + Londini, MDCLXXXV. in 8vo." + Dedicated to Robert Boyle. + + 3. "Davidis Abercrombii, + Scoto-Britanni + Philosoph. ac Med. Doct. + Fur Academicus. + Amstelodami, apud Abrahamum + Wolfgang, 1689." + Dedicated to Jacobus Cuperus + (classis ex India nuper + reducis archithalasso.) + + [Footnote 3: These are now under the care of Professor N. C. Kist + of Leyden. It is to be regretted that they are not printed.] + +Here is a list of the Abercrombys who have studied at Leyden, with the +dates of their matriculation:-- + + "6. Oct. 1713. Alexander Abercromby, Scotus, an. 21. Stud. Juris." + + "25. Oct. 1724. Georgius Abercromby, an. 21, et Jacobus + Abercromby, an. 20, Scoto-Britanni, Stud. Juris. Residing with + Beeck in the Brustraet." + + "18. Nov. 1724. Jacobus Abercromby, Scotus, an. 24. Stud. Juris. + Resides with S. Rosier, in the Moorstug." + + "3. Aug. 1725. Georgius Abercromby, Scoto-Britannus, an. 22. Stud. + Juris. Apud J. Boudar, in the Brustraet." + + "3. Aug. 1725. Jacobus Abercromby, Scoto-Brit., an. 20. Stud. + Juris. Apud eundem." + +There is no other dissertation or work of the Abercrombys in the library +or the university here. + + ELSEVIR. + + Leyden. + + [We are indebted to the kindness of the Editor of the _Navorscher_ + for this extract from his forthcoming number.] + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Dacre Monument at Hurstmonceux_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.)--E. V. asks for the +names of the bearers of the following coats of arms on the monument to +the Dacre family in Hurstmonceux church. I beg to supply them: + +1. Sab. a cross or. Havenell. + +2. Barry of six arg. and az. a bend gules. Grey. + +3. Arg. a fess gules. Doddingsells. + +4. Quarterly or and gules an escarbuncle of eight rays floratty sab. +Mandeville, first Earl of Essex. Granted 1139. + +5. Barry of six arg. and gules. Bayouse. + +6. Az. an inescocheon in an orle of martlets or. Schatterset and +Walcott. + +I cannot find one with the inescocheon charged. + +In the following page, 479., J. D. S. asks the name of the bearer of a +coat in the great east window of the choir of Exeter cathedral, viz. +argent, a cross between four crescents gules. I beg to inform him that +arg. a cross _engrailed_ between four crescents gules belongs to +Bernham. Also, that arg. a cross _flory_ between four crescents gules, +belongs to the name of Tylly, or Tyllet, or Tillegh, of Dorsetshire. + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Book-plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., pp. 46. 93.).--An instance +of what may be considered as an early example of a book-plate, occurs +pasted upon the fly-leaf of a MS. in the College amongst Philpot's +_Collections_ (marked P. e. 15.), being an engraving of a blank shield, +with a helmet and lambrequin, and a compartment for the motto; the whole +surrounded by a border ornamented with flowers; altogether well +engraved. The shield contains six quarterings, very neatly sketched with +pen and ink; and the helmet is surmounted by a crest, also neatly +sketched. In the upper part of the border, occupying a space evidently +intended to be filled up, is the autograph of "Joseph Holand;" while a +similar space in the lower part contains the date of "1585" in the same +hand, in which also the motto "Fortitudo mea Deus," is written within +the compartment above mentioned. The following, which is a collateral +proof of the age of the book-plate, is likewise an autograph title to +the MS.: + + "In this booke are conteyned the armes of the nobylytye of Ireland + and of certeyne gentilmen of the same countrye. Joseph Holand, + 1585." + +This Joseph Holand was father of Philip Holand, who was Portcullis +_tempore_ James I., and Gibbon, Bluemantle, says he was a "collector of +rarities." + +By the kindness of an antiquarian friend I have three impressions of +different book-plates of the celebrated Pepys. I am not aware that they +are rare; but one is curious, as consisting merely of his initials "S. +P." in ornamented Roman capitals, elegantly and tastefully interlaced +with two anchors and cables, with his motto in a scroll above them. + + THOMAS WILLIAM KING, York Herald. + + College of Arms. + +_Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 251.).--I beg to +acknowledge the favor of MR. CROSSLEY'S communication (which, from an +accident, I have only just seen) respecting a sermon of Bishop Taylor's, +and to inform him that I have been intending to produce it in the +concluding volume (vol. i. of the series), which will contain several +small pieces. I have been aware of the existence of it from the first, +the volume in question being in the Bodleian Catalogue. + +May I take the opportunity of adding, how much I feel obliged by any +communication respecting Bishop Taylor's Works. + + C. PAGE EDEN. + +_Moonlight_ (Vol. iv., p. 273.).--The effects of the moonlight on animal +matter is well known to the inhabitants of warm climates. I remember +that when I resided in Bermuda, if the meat (which was usually hung out +at night) was exposed to the rays of the moon it putrified directly. I +was frequently cautioned by the inhabitants to beware of the moon +shining upon me when asleep, as it caused the most dangerous and +virulent fevers. Another curious power of the moonlight was that of +developing temporary blindness, caused by the glare of the sun on bright +objects. I have often seen persons stumbling and walking as quite blind, +in a moonlight so bright I could see to read by; these were principally +soldiers who had been employed during the day working on the fort and on +the white stone. On hearing the surgeon of the regiment mention that +two-thirds of the men were troubled with it, causing a greater amount of +night-work as sentries to the few who were able to see at night, I +suggested to him the following plan mentioned in a story I had read many +years before in _Blackwood_:-- + + "A pirate ship in those latitudes was several times nearly + captured, owing to all the men being moon-blind at night; the + captain ordered all his men to bind up one eye during the day, and + by this means they could see with that eye to navigate the ship at + night." + +My friend the surgeon tried the experiment, and found bandaging the eyes +at night, and giving them complete rest, restored in time their sight at +moonlight. + + M. E. C. T. + +That the light of the moon accelerates putrefaction is more than an +unfounded popular opinion. I have heard it repeatedly asserted by +observant and sober-minded naval officers as a fact, established by +experience in tropical climates. Their constant testimony was, that when +there is no moon the fresh meat is hung over the stern of the ship at +night for coolness; but if this is done when the moon shines, the meat +becomes unfit to eat. + +The Query will probably elicit an answer from some one able to speak +more directly upon the subject. It well deserves further inquiry. + + T. C. + + Durham, Oct. 15. + +_Flatman and Pope_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).--"The Thought on Death," +by Flatman, is referred to by Wharton, Bowles, and other editors of +Pope. Flatman's _Poems_ were first printed in 1674; 2ndly, 1676; 3rdly, +1682; and 4thly and lastly, 1686. The above occurs in the first edition. + +For an account of Flatman, see Walpole's _Anecdotes of Painters_, vol. +iii. p. 20., ed. 1765; Granger's _Biog. Hist._; and Wood's _Athenae_. + +Some verses by him on his son, who died 1682, aged ten years, and +inscribed on his monument in St. Bride's Church, will be found in Stow +by Strype, vol. i. p. 740. ed. 1754. + +Flatman wrote a preface to Shipman's _Poems_, and verses to Sanderson's +_Graphice_, fol.; also to Walton in Chalkhill's _Thealma and Clearchus_, +and Johnson's (Wm.) _Narrative of Deliverance at Sea_, 18mo. 3d edit. +1672. + + [Greek: p.] + +_Berlin Time_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Is your correspondent very sure that +the astronomers of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain begin the day at +midnight? I turn to Herschel's _Outlines of Astronomy_ (p. 86.), and I +find that astronomers (without any limitation) commenced their day at +noon. Sir John Herschel is inclined to think that it would be better to +commence at midnight with the world at large. Surely if the foreign +astronomers _already did this_, he would not have failed to cite their +example, and to remind the English astronomers that they stood alone; +but of this he does not give the smallest hint. + + A LEARNER. + +Your correspondent DX. is mistaken in supposing that "foreigners +ordinarily commence the astronomical day at midnight." + +With respect to France, in the _Explication et Usage des Articles de la +Connaissance des Temps_ it is expressly stated: "Le jour astronomique +_commence a midi_." + +And in the explanation appended to the _Berlin Jahrbuch_, it is in like +manner distinctly laid down: + + "The time which must be always understood, unless it is otherwise + particularly expressed, is the mean time of the meridian of the + New Berlin Observatory, which is taken to be 44m 14.0s eastward of + Paris, and 53m 35.5s eastward of Greenwich. _The beginning of the + day is at noon._" + +The _civil_ day always commences at the midnight preceding this +_astronomical_ day. + +It follows that Sept. 17, 3h 40m 30s Greenwich mean time, is simply +Sept. 17, 4h 34m 5.5s Berlin mean time. + + T. C. + + Durham. + +_Ruined Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 261.).--The old church of St. John +in the Wilderness, near Exmouth, can hardly be said to be _in +ruins_, in the sense before implied with regard to marriages, &c. +It is _dilapidated_, and almost deserted; but on visiting it a few +days since, I found it securely locked, the nave weather tight, +and sufficiently furnished for baptisms, marriages, and burials, +with surplice, two Prayer Books, Bible, table, font, bier, and +bell. They had certainly all seen their best days; but on that +account perhaps they are supposed to be more in keeping with the +general state of the venerable fabric. + +It is, in fact, the mother church of others in the vicinity, which are +only chapels of ease; but as the population increased around them, and +fell away, from some cause or other, from the precincts of the old +church, it seems to have been deserted and dismantled of everything but +what is barely necessary for burials, and an occasional wedding and +baptism. It is the south aisle only which has been removed, and that by +authority, many years ago; but certainly, it has on that side, and from +the want of glass in the fine tower window, a desolate and ruinous +appearance. In the churchyard there is a most venerable specimen of a +noble yew-tree. + + H. T. E. + + Clyst St. George, Oct. 10. 1851. + +_Italian Writer on Political Economy--Death of Carli_ (Vol. iv., p. +175.).--It is inquired, "What was the first work by an Italian writer on +any element of political economy? and in what year did Carli, the +celebrated economist, die?" The latter question I at once answer by +stating that it was on the 22d of February, 1795, in his seventy-fifth +year, having been born at Cape d'Istria, an episcopal town of Illyria, +April, 1720, of a noble family. His collected works, embracing almost +the _omne scibile_, were published in 1784-1794, nineteen octavo +volumes, at Milan, _Delle Opere del Signor Gianrinaldo Conte Carli, +Presidente Emerito del Supremo Conciglio di Pubblica Economia, &c._ The +first publication, confined to fifteen volumes, was extended to nineteen +by him, _Delle Antichita Italiche, con Appendice, de' Documenti, &c._, +1793-1795. Few writers have exceeded him in the variety of his subjects, +which combined the drama, poetry, translations, history, philosophy, the +monetary system, political economy, &c. As to your correspondent ALPHA'S +first inquiry, it will be satisfactorily answered by consulting the +collection printed at Milan in 1803, _Scrittori Classici Italiani_, +first volume of the fifty in 8vo., to which the entire extend up to that +period, since when several have appeared. + + J. R. + + Cork. + +_Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iv., p. 316.).--The four +lines inscribed in the copy of Sallust mentioned by C., and which have +been _supposed_ to be the composition of the Queen of Scots, will be +found in the second book of Ovid's _Amores_, Elegia 18, ll. 5-8. + + C. W. G. + +_Surplices_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--In reference to the origin, use, &c. +of this and other ecclesiastical vestments, let J. Y. consult the +following authorities:--Bona, _Rerum Liturgicarum_, lib. i. cap. 24.; +Gerberti _Vetus Liturgia Alemannica_, tom. i. disquisit. iii. cap 3.; +Goar, _Rituale Graecum_; Du Cange's _Glossary_; and, _Ferrarius de Re +Vestiaria_. The information on the subject, hence to be obtained, is +briefly epitomised in the appendix to Palmer's _Antiq. of the English +Liturgy_. Let J. Y. also look at Hawkins' _Hist. Music_, vol. ii. p. +432.; vol. iii. p. 71.; likewise at Bishop Challoner's _Garden of the +Soul_, pp. x. 123. (edit. 1824); and, if he have a full abundance of +leisure, with sufficient resolution to abandon it to an undertaking so +pregnant with instructiveness, let him too, by all means, "explore with +curious search" the controversial writings of the early periods of +Puritanism, on the sadly vexed question of the habits of the clergy, to +which he will find abundant reference in all our Anglican church +histories. + + COWGILL. + +_Continental Watchmen and their Songs_ (Vol. iv., p. 206.).-- + + THE MANNER OF WATCHMEN INTIMATING THE + TIME AT HERRNHUTH, GERMANY. + + Past eight o'clock! O Herrnhuth, do thou ponder: + Eight souls in Noah's ark were living yonder. + 'Tis nine o'clock: ye brethren, hear it striking; + Keep hearts and houses clean, to our Saviour's liking. + Now brethren, hear, the clock is ten and passing: + None rest but such as wait for Christ embracing. + Eleven is past! still at this hour of eleven, + The Lord is calling us from earth to heaven. + Ye, brethren, hear, the midnight clock is humming: + At midnight our great Bridegroom will be coming. + Past one o'clock! the day breaks out of darkness; + Great morning star appear, and break our hardness! + 'Tis two! on Jesus wait this silent season, + Ye two so near related, Will and Reason. + The clock is three! the blessed Three doth merit + The best of praise, from body, soul, and spirit. + 'Tis four o'clock, when three make supplication + The Lord will be the fourth on that occasion. + Five is the clock! five virgins were discarded, + When five with wedding garments were rewarded. + The clock is six, and I go off my station; + Now, brethren, _watch yourselves for your salvation_. + + F. B. RELTON. + +_Horology_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--H. C. K. inquires for the best +_scientific_ work on horology. In my searches after the history of time +keeping in all ages, I found none more useful than a little tract, the +production of a watchmaker, and to be had at 81. Fleet Street. The +_Mirror_ of 1824 contains some interesting notes on this subject. + + C. R. + + Paternoster Row. + +_The Aneroid Barometer_ (Vol. iv., p. 295.).--The intended signification +of this name, "aneroid," can of course be only determined by the person +who conferred it; upon any less direct authority the derivation quoted +from Mr. Dent's description can scarcely be received. The meaning of +[Greek: neros] is _moist_, rather than _fluid_; but even admitting the +latter signification, then the last syllable ought surely to be +referred, not to [Greek: eidos], but to its root [Greek: eido] (scio); +_perceivable without fluid_ being a much better characteristic than _a +form without fluid_. + +But taking into consideration the peculiar construction of this sort of +barometer, its flexible diaphragm supported from within against the +pressure of the atmosphere, may not its name have been derived from +[Greek: ana] (adversus), [Greek: aer] (aer), and [Greek: oidos] (tumor)? + + A. E. B. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The Chronological New Testament, in which the Text of the Authorised +Version is newly divided into Paragraphs and Sections, with the Dates +and Places of Transactions marked, the Marginal Renderings of the +Translators, many Parallel Illustrative Passages printed at length, +brief Introductions to each Book, and a Running Analysis of the +Epistles_, is another and most praiseworthy attempt "to make our +invaluable English version more intelligible to devout students of the +Word of God," by the various helps in arrangement and printing set forth +in the ample title-page which we have just transcribed. All such +endeavors to increase that "knowledge which maketh wise unto salvation" +carry within themselves the elements of success; and we shall be the +more glad to find that the present work meets with the patronage it +deserves, as we may then look for the Old Testament on the same plan. + +Those of our readers who remember the parallel which Bishop Ken drew +between himself and + + Bless'd Gregory, whose patriarchal height + Shed on the Eastern sphere celestial light, + +and who may desire to read the life of him whom that great ornament of +our Church chose for his model, will thank us for drawing their +attention to _Gregory of Nazianzum--a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical +History of the Fourth Century_, by Professor Ullman of Heidelberg, which +has just been translated by Mr. G. V. Cox. The translator has for the +present confined himself to that part of Dr. Ullman's volume which +relates to the life of Gregory, and is therefore more attractive to the +general reader; the dogmatic part, or the statements and examination of +Gregory's theological opinions, being for the present withheld. In this +we think Mr. Cox has done wisely, since we have no doubt that the +present volume will be read with great interest by many who will gladly +dwell upon the life and practice of this distinguished Father of the +Church, but who would be turned aside from its perusal, from their +unwillingness or inability to enter upon any such investigation as is +implied in the critical examination of Gregory's theological opinions. + +We have again to thank Dr. Latham for an important contribution towards +a proper knowledge of our own tongue; and it would be difficult to point +out a more successful combination of ethnological and philological +knowledge than is exhibited in his newly-published _Hand-book of the +English Language, for the Use of Students of the Universities and Higher +Classes of Schools_. We cannot of course enter into any analysis of a +work which is as replete with interest and amusement as it is with +instruction; but we may point out as peculiarly deserving of attention +the first part, which treats of the Germanic origin of the English +language; and the second, which treats of its history and analysis. We +are glad to see Dr. Latham's view of the Frisian share in the invasion +of this country. + +The commendations so universally bestowed upon Mr. Grant for the +research, accuracy, and picturesque interest displayed in his _Memorials +of the Castle of Edinburgh_, and his _Memoirs of Sir W. Kirkaldy of +Grange_, may be extended to him for his _Memoirs and Adventures of Sir +John Hepburn, Knight, Governor of Munich, Marshal of France under Louis +XIII., and Commander of the Scots Brigade under Gustavus Adolphus_. He +has on this, as on former occasions, the advantage of a new and +interesting subject; and by grouping round his hero--whose conduct and +bravery won for him the reputation of being esteemed the best of that +warlike age, next to Gustavus himself--all the great leaders in that +struggle for the liberties of Germany, the Thirty Years' War--he has +produced a volume which will be read with great interest, not only for +the picture it exhibits of the distinguished soldier of fortune who +forms its immediate subject, but also for its record of the services of +the Scottish troops who served in the German wars under Gustavus +Adolphus. + +_A Little Earnest Book upon a Great Old Subject_, in which Mr. Wilson +endeavors to pourtray the thoughts and feelings of the poet, will be +read with pleasure by all who agree with him that poetry rightly +understood is associated with everything that is eternal and just, true +and elevating, tender and loving. It is a little book of quaint and +pleasant thoughts, quaintly got up, and beautifully illustrated. + +Mr. Mitchell, of Bond Street, announces a beautifully illustrated work +on _The Parables of our Saviour_, to be engraved in the line manner by +the best artists from the designs of Franklin. + +The Sales of Books, &c., those heralds of the coming winter, are +beginning. Messrs. Puttick and Simpson commence this day a six days' +sale of valuable books removed from the country, including many curious +and rare works. On Monday Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will commence +their season by selling a portion of the valuable library of a gentleman +deceased, which will occupy them for four days; and on Monday and the +fifteen following days Messrs. Foster and Son will be engaged in the +disposal of that matchless series of examples of Mediaeval Architecture, +and of other objects of decorative art, remarkable alike for their +beauty, rarity, and historical value, so long known as the _Cottingham +Museum_. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 30. +of Books Old and New; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List of +Miscellaneous English Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. (10_s._ 6_d._ will be paid for +a copy in good condition.) + +CARPENTER'S DEPUTY DIVINITY; a Discourse of Conscience. 12mo. 1657. + +A TRUE AND LIVELY REPRESENTATION OF POPERY, SHEWING THAT POPERY IS ONLY +NEW MODELLED PAGANISM, &c., 1679. 4to. + +ROBERT WILSON'S SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in +1825. + +JAMES WILSON'S ANNALS OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in 1850. + +BARRINGTON'S SKETCHES OF HIS OWN TIME. Vol. III. London, 1830. + +BRITISH POETS (CHALMERS', Vol. X.) London, 1810. + +CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS SON. Vol. III. London, 1774. + +CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY. Vol. LXXV. + +D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III. London, 1842. + +ERSKINE'S SPEECHES. Vol. II. London, 1810. + +HARE'S MISSION OF THE COMFORTER. Vol. I. London, 1846. + +HOPE'S ESSAY ON ARCHITECTURE. Vol. I. London, 1835. 2nd Edition. + +MULLER'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. II. (Library of Useful Knowledge, Vol. +XVII.) + +ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL) MEMOIRS. Vol. II. London, 1840. + +SCOTT'S (SIR W.) LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Vol. I. Edinburgh, 1837. 9 Vol. +Edition. + +SCOTT'S NOVELS. Vol. XXXVI. (Redgauntlet, II.); Vols. XLIV. XLV. (Ann of +Grerstein, I. & II.) 48 Vol. Edition. + +SMOLLETT'S WORKS. Vols. II. & IV. Edinburgh, 1800. 2nd Edition. + +SOUTHEY'S POETICAL WORKS. Vol. III. London, 1837. + +CRABBE'S WORKS. Vol. V. London, 1831. + +Four letters on several subjects to persons of quality, the fourth being +an answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's book, entitled POPERY, &c., by +Peter Walsh. 1686. 8vo. + +A CONFUTATION OF THE CHIEF DOCTRINES OF POPERY. A Sermon preached before +the King, 1678, by William Lloyd, D.D. 1679. 4to. + +A SERMON PREACHED AT ST. MARGARET'S, WESTMINSTER, BEFORE THE HOUSE OF +COMMONS, MAY 29, 1685, by W. Sherlock, D.D. 4to. London, 1685. + +POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735. + +ALMANACS, any for the year 1752. + +MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815. + +SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition, +1785. Vol. V. + +SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III. + +SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. V. VI. 8vo. + +JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or +more copies.) + +THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II. + +HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial +Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside, +Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in +continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th +Volume.) + +[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage +free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. +Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_Although we have this week again enlarged our Paper to 24 pages, we +have to apologise for the omission of many interesting articles._ DR. +LOTSKY'S "Panslavic Literature and the British Museum," _and the +communication of a Subscriber to the Anglo-Catholic Library on Bishop +Overall's_ Convocation Book, _shall appear next week. Where may we send +the latter a proof?_ + +C. (Jamaica) _will find the history of the line from Philip Gualtier's_ +"Alexandreis,"-- + + "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," + +_in our_ 2nd Vol. pp. 85. 136. 141. + +A LIVERPOOL CORRESPONDENT. _Yes, as many as he takes the box for. Neat +wines means pure wines._ + +W. F.'s _very valuable suggestion shall not be lost sight of._ + +AEGROTUS. _The Moonlight reply was in type for last Number, but omitted +from want of room. The parallel was a very fair one; but those to whom +it was not obvious might have misconstrued the allusion._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Grimsdyke--Pasquinade--Charles II. and Written +Sermons--Welwood Memoirs--Sheridan's MS. Drama--Execution at +Durham--Caxton Memorial--The Rev. Mr. Gay--Duke of Monmouth's Pocket +Book--Serpent with Human Head--Childe Harold--Peter Wilkins, +&c.--Meaning of Dray--Pauper's Badge--Burke's Mighty Boar of the +Forest--Godfrey Higgins' Works, &c.--Poetic Imitations--Cognation of the +Jews and Lacedaemonians--Bourchier Family--Curious Monumental +Inscription--A little Bird told me--Colonies in England--Pharetram de +Tutesbit--Coleridge's Christabel--Cagots--Touching for the Evil--Three +Estates of the Realm--Wat the Hare--Flemish account--Mary Queen of +Scots--Termination "-aster"--Medical Use of Pigeons--Bess of Hardwicke._ + +_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestions of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price_ 9_s._ 6_d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + +_Errata._--In the article "_Panslavic_ Sketches," l. 2. for "late_nt_" +read "late_st_;" l. 6. for "T_i_ssalonichi" read "T_e_ssalonichi;" and +l. 9. for "historical" read "_ante-historical_." Page 313. col. 2. l. +46. for "repent_i_" read "repent_e_." + + + + +MISS STRICKLAND'S NEW SERIES OF ROYAL BIOGRAPHIES. + + LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, and English Princesses connected + with the Regal Succession of Great Britain. + + Two Volumes are published, containing the Lives of Margaret Tudor, + Magdaline of France, Mary of Lorraine, and Margaret Countess of + Lennox. + + Vol. III. will contain the first part of the Life of Mary Queen of + Scots. + + To be completed in 6 vols., price 10_s._ 6_d._ each, with + Portraits and Historical Vignettes. + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +CRABB'S TECHNICAL DICTIONARY. + + This day is published, in 1 vol. foolscap 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._ + extra cloth, with numerous woodcut illustrations, + + A TECHNICAL DICTIONARY; or, a Dictionary explaining all terms of + Art and Science. By GEORGE CRABB, Esq., M.A., Author of the + "Universal Technological Dictionary," "Dictionary of Synonymes," + &c. + + London: W. MAXWELL, 32. Bell Yard, Lincoln's Inn. + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND + + ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + + Founded A.D. 1812. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + + VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + + POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through + temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given + upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to + the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. + + Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age. l. _s._ _d._ + + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + + ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + + Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE + on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of + Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land + Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on + Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., + Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament + Street, London. + + +Musical Education. + + A CATALOGUE OF STANDARD WORKS, which are approved by the most + eminent Teachers of Music, has just been published by Her + Majesty's music publishers, ROBERT COCKS & CO. These selected + works are remarkable for the interest they afford to the pupils, + whose love and attention are at once engaged, and their rapid + progress ensured. All who are engaged in the tuition of the young + will save themselves much time and trouble by obtaining this list, + which may be had gratis and postage free. + + London: ROBERT COCKS & CO. New Burlington Street. + + +PARABLES OF OUR LORD. + + On the 1st December, 1851, will be published, in imperial 4to., + handsomely bound, price Two Guineas, + + PARABLES OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR, + + JESUS CHRIST, illustrated, in Twelve Designs, by JOHN FRANKLIN, + and engraved in Line by P. Lightfoot, W. H. Watt, A. Blanchard, F. + Joubert, E. Goodall, and H. Nusser. Fifty First-proof Copies will + be printed upon half-sheet imperial India paper in a Portfolio, + price Five Guineas. + + London: J. MITCHELL, Bookseller and Publisher to the Queen, Royal + Library, 33. Old Bond Street. + + +PROVENCAL AND OLD FRENCH DIALECTS.--Honnorat, Dictionnaire Provencal et +Francais, 4 vols. 4to. Paris, 1847--49.; sd. 42_s._--OEuvres de Godolin, +in Languedocian and French, imp. 8vo. Toulouse, 1843, 772 pp. plates; +sd. 10_s._--Fallot, Recherches de la Langue Francaise et de ses +Dialectes au XIII. Siecle, royal 8vo. 600 pp. Paris, 1830. sd. +9_s._--Jubinal, Nouveau Recueil de Contes, Dits, Fabliaux des XIII. XIV. +et XV. Siecles, 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1839. sd. 9_s._--Rothe, Les Romans +du Renard, 8vo. Paris, 1845. 524 pp. sd. 7_s._ 6_d._ + + Catalogues of Cheap and Rare Books in all the Languages and + Dialects of Europe and Asia, published Monthly, and sent out + Gratis. + + BERNARD QUARITCH, Second-hand Foreign Bookseller, 16. Castle + Street, Leicester Square. + + +ARCHITECTURAL PUBLICATION SOCIETY. + + PART II., for the Year 1850-51, is now ready for delivery. + + The Committee, being prepared to commence the publication of the + "Cyclopaedia of Architecture," invite the attention of the Members + and the Profession to the LIST OF TERMS already issued, and + request their co-operation by the contribution of Drawings and + Text for subjects contained in that list under the letter A. + + Communications as to terms, &c. to be addressed to the Honorary + Secretary, MR. WYATT PAPWORTH, 14A, Great Marlborough Street. + + London, 24th October, 1851. + + +Vols. I. and II. now ready. + + Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6_s._ + each. + + GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES. + + A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in + One Shilling Books each containing a complete Story. + + Vol. I. Price 6_s._ + + Tale I. PORTIA; THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT. + Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER. + Tale III. HELENA; THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN. + Tale IV. DESDEMONA; THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD. + Tale V. MEG AND ALICE; THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR. + + Vol. II. Price 6_s._ + + Tale VI. ISABELLA; THE VOTARESS. + Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA; THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE. + Tale VIII. OPHELIA; THE ROSE OF ELSINORE. + Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA; THE FRIENDS. + Tale X. JULIET; THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA. + + Vol. III. (In progress.) + + Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO; THE COUSINS. + Tale XII. OLIVIA; THE LADY OF ILLYRIA. + + SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court. + + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + + September, 1851. J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + +EVERY READER OF NOTES AND QUERIES should possess a Copy of TODD'S INDEX +RERUM, decidedly the best Common-place Book extant, for recording Facts +and Data. It is far easier, simpler, and more useful than LOCKE'S, and +has been highly recommended by the most eminent scholars and literary +men. A recent Edition, Revised, in royal 8vo., strongly half-bound, +price 5_s._ 6_d._, has been published by RICHARD JAMES KENNETT, 14. York +Street, Covent Garden; and can be had of all Booksellers, by order. + + [Star symbol] Sent free to any part of the Kingdom for 6_s._, by + addressing a Post Office order or stamps as above. + + +MESSRS. PUTTICK and SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES +of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st. In addressing +Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of Libraries, and +collections (however limited or extensive) of Manuscripts, Autographs, +Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical Instruments, Objects of Art and Virtu, +and Works connected with Literature, and the Arts generally, they would +suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and surest method of obtaining +their full value; and conceive that the central situation of their +premises, 191. Piccadilly (near St. James's Church), their extensive +connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their prompt +settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will not be +unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of Books +or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales with +property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages to +the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection. + + [Star symbol] Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the + Probate or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale. + + Valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, Esq., including a + well-known and very important Picture by Murillo. + + PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will sell + by Auction at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, + November 12, the valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, + Esq., of the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very + important MSS. relating to Mint affairs, Royal and other + Autographs (47 of Sir Isaac Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic + Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard in 1758, a most + important series of Weights, including the original and unique + Troy Pound, the collection of Coins, Medals in gold, silver, and + bronze, in the finest condition, many being patterns and + proofs.--Catalogues will be sent on application: if in the + country, on receipt of four stamps. + + +ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with + Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public + Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for + Memoranda: A list of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the + Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses; + Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars + respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with + Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars + of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities, + &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of + Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions + to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful + to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s._, or 5_s._ as a pocket-book + with tuck. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will + contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an + Almanack for Family Use, a List of the Universities of the United + Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the + various Colleges connected with the Church of England, Roman + Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete + List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of + the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is + added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of + Council on Education, and the various Training Institutions for + Teachers; compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six + pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; + Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat + wrapper. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO. TEA MERCHANTS, + + No. 8. King William Street, City, London. + + +In 2 vols. imperial 8vo., price 4_l._ 10_s._ Illustrated by upwards of +2000 Engravings on Wood. + + THE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY, English, Technological, and Scientific; + adapted to the present State of Literature, Science, and Art, on + the Basis of "Webster's English Dictionary;" with the Addition of + many Thousand Words and Phrases from the other Standard + Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias, and from numerous other sources; + comprising all Words purely English, and the principal and most + generally used Technical and Scientific Terms, together with their + Etymologies, and their Pronunciation, according to the best + authorities. + + CHARACTER OF THE WORK. + + This work is admitted to be superior to any Dictionary hitherto + offered to the public. See opinions in Prospectus from Rev. James + Robertson, D.D., Professor of Divinity and Ecclesiastical History, + University of Edinburgh; Rev. Philip Killand, M.A., Professor of + Mathematics, University of Edinburgh; Rev. John Fleming, D.D., + Professor of Natural Science, New College, Edinburgh; Rev. Thomas + Luby, Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; James Thomson, + LL.D., Professor of Mathematics, University of Glasgow. + + BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London. + + +Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9_s._; Morocco elegant, 11_s._ + + BOOK OF SCOTTISH SONG; a Collection of the Best and most approved + Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern; with Critical and + Historical Notices regarding them and their Authors, and an Essay + on Scottish Song. With engraved Frontispiece and Title. + + "The neatest and most comprehensive collection of Scottish + minstrelsy, ancient and modern."--_Edinburgh Advertiser._ + + +Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9_s._; Morocco elegant, 11_s._ + + BOOK OF SCOTTISH BALLADS; a Comprehensive Collection of the + Ballads of Scotland, with numerous Illustrative Notes, by the + Editor of "The Book of Scottish Song." With engraved Frontispiece + and Title. + + "A rich and valuable collection--accompanied by critical and + bibliographical illustrations which add largely to the interest of + the volume."--_John Bull._ + + BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London. + + +BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + VASARI'S LIVES of the PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, and ARCHITECTS, + translated by MRS. FOSTER. Vol. 4. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + Of this work the Westminster and Foreign Quarterly says, "The + enthralling Biographies of Vasari--biographies which from their + peculiar diversity and fascination have caused the late + unfortunate Haydon to exclaim with enthusiasm, 'If I were confined + to three books, in a desert island, I would certainly choose the + Bible, Shakespeare, and Vasari.'" + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + LUCRETIUS, literally translated into English Prose, with Notes, by + the Rev. J. S. WATSON; to which is adjoined the Metrical Version + of JOHN MASON GOOD. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + DR. MANTELL'S PETRIFACTIONS and their TEACHINGS; an illustrated + Hand-book to the Fossils in the BRITISH MUSEUM, numerous beautiful + Wood Engravings. Post 8vo. 6_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + REDDING'S HISTORY and DESCRIPTION of WINES. New and revised + Edition, with 20 beautiful Woodcuts, and Frontispiece engraved on + steel. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +Cloth, One Shilling, pp. 160. + + WELSH SKETCHES, chiefly ECCLESIASTICAL, to the Close of the + Twelfth Century. By the Author of "Proposals for Christian Union, + &c." + + CONTENTS:--1. Bardism. 2. The Kings of Wales. 3. The Welsh Church. + 4. Monastic Institutions. 5. Giraldus Cambrensis. + + JAMES DARLING, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + +NEW WORKS, + + PUBLISHED BY + + TAYLOR, WALTON, AND MABERLY. + + BUFF'S LETTERS ON THE PHYSICS OF THE EARTH, By Dr. A. W. HOFMANN. + Foolscap 8vo, 5_s._ cloth. + + LARDNER ON THE STEAM ENGINE, STEAM NAVIGATION, ROADS AND RAILWAYS. + New and Cheap Edition. Large 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + LATHAM'S HANDBOOK OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ + cloth. + + LARDNER'S HANDBOOK OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY. First + Course. Large 12mo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + LIEBIG'S FAMILIAR LETTERS ON CHEMISTRY. New and Cheap Edition. + With additional Letters. One Volume. fcap. 8vo. 6_s._ cloth. + + DE MORGAN'S BOOK OF ALMANACKS: with Index, by which the Almanack + belonging to any year preceding A.D. 2000 can be found; with means + of finding New and Full Moons from B.C. 2000 to A.D. 2000. Oblong + 8vo. 5_s._ cloth. + + DR. GREGORY'S LETTERS TO A CANDID ENQUIRER ON ANIMAL MAGNETISM. + 12mo. 9_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES OF WORKS in SCIENCE AND GENERAL LITERATURE, + and of SCHOOL and COLLEGE BOOKS, published by TAYLOR, WALTON, and + MABERLY. 4to. By post (free) to anyone writing for them. + + London: 28. Upper Gower Street, and 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. + + +The late MR. COTTINGHAM'S Museum of Mediaeval Art. + + MESSRS. FOSTER & SON are directed by the Executors of the Late L. + N. Cottingham, Esq., F.S.A., to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, + 43. Waterloo-bridge Road, on MONDAY, November 3, and about 15 + following days (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the COTTINGHAM + MUSEUM; comprising a most ample and varied Series of Examples of + Mediaeval Architecture, of the Anglo-Norman, early English, + decorated, perpendicular, and Elizabethan periods; also + Fac-similes of some of the finest Monuments of the 13th, 14th, and + 15th Centuries. In Furniture, Metal Work, Stained Glass, and + various other Departments of Decorative Art, this Collection is + rich in objects remarkable for their Beauty, Rarity, and Historic + Value. + + Illustrated Catalogues, at 1_s._ each, may be had of MESSRS. + FOSTER, 54. Pall Mall, 14 days before the Sale. The view will be + on and after the 27th of October. + + +On 1st November, price 2_s._ + + NO. LXXI. OF THE ECCLESIASTIC. + + Contents: + + 1. ELEMENTARY THEOLOGY--WESTCOTT AND CHRETIEN. + 2. BIRK'S LIFE OF BICKERSTETH. + 3. ERASTIANISM. + 4. ANTICHRIST, AND THE BABYLON OF THE APOCALYPSE. + 5. SYNODICAL ACTION. + + Reviews and Notices. + + London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street and New Bond Street. + + +This day, No. 13., Imperial 4to. price 2_s._ 6_d._, (continued monthly), + + DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, + + Measured and drawn from existing examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect. + + Contents: + + E.E. Exterior of Clerestory, West Walton Church, Norfolk, + " South Porch ditto ditto. + " Plan and Details ditto ditto. + DEC. Window from St. Stephen's Church, near Canterbury. + " Parclose Screen, Geddington Church, Northamptonshire. + PER. Lectern from Hawstead Church, Suffolk. + + London: DAVID BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 1. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +105, November 1, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39076.txt or 39076.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/0/7/39076/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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