initial commit of ebook 39203HEADmain

9 files changed, 7701 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/39203-8.txt b/39203-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fabee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/39203-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2257 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, An Edinburgh Eleven, by J. M. Barrie
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: An Edinburgh Eleven
+       Pencil Portraits from College Life
+
+
+Author: J. M. Barrie
+
+
+
+Release Date: March 19, 2012  [eBook #39203]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN***
+
+
+E-text prepared by David Edwards, Diane Monico, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
+available by Internet Archive (http://www.archive.org)
+
+
+
+Note: Images of the original pages are available through
+      Internet Archive. See
+      http://www.archive.org/details/edinburghelevenp00barrrich
+
+
+
+
+
+AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN
+
+Pencil Portraits from College Life
+
+by
+
+J. M. BARRIE
+
+Author of
+"The Little Minister," "A Window in Thrums," "When a Man's
+Single," "Auld Licht Idylls," etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+New York
+Lovell, Coryell & Company
+5 And 7 East Sixteenth Street
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                       PAGE
+
+      I. LORD ROSEBERY,                   7
+
+     II. PROFESSOR MASSON,               19
+
+    III. PROFESSOR BLACKIE,              31
+
+     IV. PROFESSOR CALDERWOOD,           41
+
+      V. PROFESSOR TAIT,                 53
+
+     VI. PROFESSOR FRASER,               67
+
+    VII. PROFESSOR CHRYSTAL,             77
+
+   VIII. PROFESSOR SELLAR,               91
+
+     IX. MR. JOSEPH THOMSON,            105
+
+      X. ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON,        115
+
+     XI. REV. WALTER C. SMITH, D.D.,    129
+
+
+
+
+LORD ROSEBERY.
+
+
+
+
+I.
+
+LORD ROSEBERY.
+
+
+The first time I ever saw Lord Rosebery was in Edinburgh when I was a
+student, and I flung a clod of earth at him. He was a peer; those were
+my politics.
+
+I missed him, and I have heard a good many journalists say since then
+that he is a difficult man to hit. One who began by liking him and is
+now scornful, which is just the reverse process from mine, told me the
+reason why. He had some brochures to write on the Liberal leaders, and
+got on nicely till he reached Lord Rosebery, where he stuck. In vain he
+walked round his lordship, looking for an opening. The man was
+naturally indignant; he is the father of a family.
+
+Lord Rosebery is forty-one years of age, and has missed many
+opportunities of becoming the bosom friend of Lord Randolph Churchill.
+They were at Eton together and at Oxford, and have met since. As a boy,
+the Liberal played at horses, and the Tory at running off with other
+boys' caps. Lord Randolph was the more distinguished at the university.
+One day a proctor ran him down in the streets smoking in his cap and
+gown. The undergraduate remarked on the changeability of the weather,
+but the proctor, gasping at such bravado, demanded his name and
+college. Lord Randolph failed to turn up next day at St. Edmund Hall to
+be lectured, but strolled to the proctor's house about dinner-time.
+"Does a fellow, name of Moore, live here?" he asked. The footman
+contrived not to faint. "He do," he replied, severely; "but he are at
+dinner." "Ah! take him in my card," said the unabashed caller. The
+Merton books tell that for this the noble lord was fined ten pounds.
+
+There was a time when Lord Rosebery would have reformed the House of
+Lords to a site nearer Newmarket. As politics took a firmer grip of
+him, it was Newmarket that seemed a long way off. One day at Edinburgh
+he realized the disadvantage of owning swift horses. His brougham had
+met him at Waverley Station to take him to Dalmeny. Lord Rosebery
+opened the door of the carriage to put in some papers, and then turned
+away. The coachman, too well bred to look round, heard the door shut,
+and, thinking that his master was inside, set off at once. Pursuit was
+attempted, but what was there in Edinburgh streets to make up on those
+horses? The coachman drove seven miles, until he reached a point in the
+Dalmeny parks where it was his lordship's custom to alight and open a
+gate. Here the brougham stood for some minutes, awaiting Lord
+Rosebery's convenience. At last the coachman became uneasy and
+dismounted. His brain reeled when he saw an empty brougham. He could
+have sworn to seeing his lordship enter. There were his papers. What
+had happened? With a quaking hand the horses were turned, and, driving
+back, the coachman looked fearfully along the sides of the road. He met
+Lord Rosebery travelling in great good humor by the luggage omnibus.
+
+Whatever is to be Lord Rosebery's future, he has reached that stage in
+a statesman's career when his opponents cease to question his capacity.
+His speeches showed him long ago a man of brilliant parts. His tenure
+of the Foreign Office proved him heavy metal. Were the Gladstonians to
+return to power, the other Cabinet posts might go anywhere, but the
+Foreign Secretary is arranged for. Where his predecessors had clouded
+their meaning in words till it was as wrapped up as a Mussulman's head,
+Lord Rosebery's were the straightforward despatches of a man with his
+mind made up. German influence was spoken of; Count Herbert Bismarck
+had been seen shooting Lord Rosebery's partridges. This was the
+evidence: there has never been any other, except that German methods
+commended themselves to the minister rather than those of France. His
+relations with the French government were cordial. "The talk of
+Bismarck's shadow behind Rosebery," a great French politician said
+lately, "I put aside with a smile; but how about the Jews?" Probably
+few persons realize what a power the Jews are in Europe, and in Lord
+Rosebery's position he is a strong man if he holds his own with them.
+Any fears on that ground have, I should say, been laid by his record at
+the Foreign Office.
+
+Lord Rosebery had once a conversation with Prince Bismarck, to which,
+owing to some oversight, the Paris correspondent of the _Times_ was not
+invited. M. Blowitz only smiled good-naturedly, and of course his
+report of the proceedings appeared all the same. Some time afterward
+Lord Rosebery was introduced to this remarkable man, who, as is well
+known, carries Cabinet appointments in his pocket, and complimented him
+on his report. "Ah, it was all right, was it?" asked Blowitz, beaming.
+Lord Rosebery explained that any fault it had was that it was all
+wrong. "Then if Bismarck did not say that to you," said Blowitz,
+regally, "I know he intended to say it."
+
+The "Uncrowned King of Scotland" is a title that has been made for Lord
+Rosebery, whose country has had faith in him from the beginning. Mr.
+Gladstone is the only other man who can make so many Scotsmen take
+politics as if it were the Highland Fling. Once when Lord Rosebery was
+firing an Edinburgh audience to the delirium point, an old man in the
+hall shouted out, "I dinna hear a word he says, but it's grand, it's
+grand!" During the first Midlothian campaign Mr. Gladstone and Lord
+Rosebery were the father and son of the Scottish people. Lord Rosebery
+rode into fame on the top of that wave, and he has kept his place in
+the hearts of the people, and in oleographs on their walls, ever since.
+In all Scottish matters he has the enthusiasm of a Burns dinner, and
+his humor enables him to pay compliments. When he says agreeable things
+to Scotsmen about their country, there is a twinkle in his eye and in
+theirs to which English scribes cannot give a meaning. He has unveiled
+so many Burns statues that an American lecturess explains: "Curious
+thing, but I feel somehow I am connected with Lord Rosebery. I go to a
+place and deliver a lecture on Burns; they collect subscriptions for a
+statue, and he unveils it." Such is the delight of the Scottish
+students in Lord Rosebery that he may be said to have made the
+triumphal tour of the northern universities as their lord-rector; he
+lost the post in Glasgow lately through a quibble, but had the honor
+with the votes. His address to the Edinburgh undergraduates on
+"Patriotism" was the best thing he ever did outside politics, and made
+the students his for life. Some of them had smuggled into the hall a
+chair with "Gaelic chair" placarded on it, and the lord-rector
+unwittingly played into their hands. In a noble peroration he exhorted
+his hearers to high aims in life. "Raise your country," he exclaimed
+[cheers]; "raise yourselves [renewed cheering]; raise your university
+[thunders of applause]." From the back of the hall came a solemn voice,
+"Raise the chair!" Up went the Gaelic chair.
+
+Even Lord Rosebery's views on imperial federation can become a
+compliment to Scotland. Having been all over the world himself, and
+felt how he grew on his travels, Lord Rosebery maintains that every
+British statesman should visit India and the colonies. He said that
+first at a semi-public dinner in the country--and here I may mention
+that on such occasions he has begun his speeches less frequently than
+any other prominent politician with a statement that others could be
+got to discharge the duty better; in other words, he has several times
+omitted this introduction. On his return to London he was told that his
+colleagues in the Administration had been seeing how his scheme would
+work out. "We found that if your rule were enforced, the Cabinet would
+consist of yourself and Childers." "This would be an ideal cabinet,"
+Lord Rosebery subsequently remarked in Edinburgh, "for it would be
+entirely Scottish," Mr. Childers being member for a Scottish
+constituency.
+
+The present unhappy division of the Liberal party has made enemies of
+friends for no leading man so little as for Lord Rosebery. There are
+forces working against him, no doubt, in comparatively high places, but
+the Unionists have kept their respect for him. His views may be wrong,
+but he is about the only Liberal leader, with the noble exception of
+Lord Hartington, of whom troublous times have not rasped the temper.
+Though a great reader, he is not a literary man like Mr. Morley, who
+would, however, be making phrases where Lord Rosebery would make laws.
+Sir William Harcourt has been spoken of as a possible prime minister,
+but surely it will never come to that. If Mr. Gladstone's successor is
+chosen from those who have followed him on the home-rule question, he
+probably was not rash in himself naming Lord Rosebery.
+
+Lord Rosebery could not now step up without stepping into the
+premiership. His humor, which is his most obvious faculty, has been a
+prop to him many a time ere now, but, if I was his adviser, I should
+tell him that it has served its purpose. There are a great many
+excellent people who shake their heads over it in a man who has become
+a power in the land. "Let us be grave," said Dr. Johnson once to a
+merry companion, "for here comes a fool." In an unknown novel there is
+a character who says of himself that "he is not stupid enough ever to
+be a great man." I happen to know that this reflection was evolved by
+the author out of thinking over Lord Rosebery. It is not easy for a
+bright man to be heavy, and Lord Rosebery's humor is so spontaneous
+that if a joke is made in their company he has always finished laughing
+before Lord Hartington begins. Perhaps when Lord Rosebery is on the
+point of letting his humor run off with him in a public speech, he
+could recover his solemnity by thinking of the _Examiner_.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR MASSON.
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+PROFESSOR MASSON.
+
+
+Though a man might, to my mind, be better employed than in going to
+college, it is his own fault if he does not strike on some one there
+who sends his life off at a new angle. If, as I take it, the glory of a
+professor is to give elastic minds their proper bent, Masson is a name
+his country will retain a grip of. There are men who are good to think
+of, and as a rule we only know them from their books. Something of our
+pride in life would go with their fall. To have one such professor at a
+time is the most a university can hope of human nature; so Edinburgh
+need not expect another just yet. These, of course, are only to be
+taken as the reminiscences of a student. I seem to remember everything
+Masson said, and the way he said it.
+
+Having, immediately before taken lodgings in a crow's nest, my first
+sight of Masson was specially impressive. It was the opening of the
+session, when fees were paid, and a whisper ran round the quadrangle
+that Masson had set off home with three hundred one-pound notes stuffed
+into his trouser pockets. There was a solemn swell of awestruck
+students to the gates, and some of us could not help following him. He
+took his pockets coolly. When he stopped it was at a second-hand
+bookstall, where he rummaged for a long time. Eventually he pounced
+upon a dusty, draggled little volume, and went off proudly with it
+beneath his arm. He seemed to look suspiciously at strangers now, but
+it was not the money but the book he was keeping guard over. His
+pockets, however, were unmistakably bulging out. I resolved to go in
+for literature.
+
+Masson, however, always comes to my memory first knocking nails into
+his desk or trying to tear the gas-bracket from its socket. He said
+that the Danes scattered over England, taking such a hold as a nail
+takes when it is driven into wood. For the moment he saw his desk
+turned into England; he whirled an invisible hammer in the air, and
+down it came on the desk with a crash. No one who has sat under Masson
+can forget how the Danes nailed themselves upon England. His desk is
+thick with their tombstones. It was when his mind groped for an image
+that he clutched the bracket. He seemed to tear his good things out of
+it. Silence overcame the class. Some were fascinated by the man; others
+trembled for the bracket. It shook, groaned, and yielded. Masson said
+another of the things that made his lectures literature; the crisis was
+passed; and everybody breathed again.
+
+He masters a subject by letting it master him; for though his critical
+reputation is built on honesty, it is his enthusiasm that makes his
+work warm with life. Sometimes he entered the class-room so full of
+what he had to say that he began before he reached his desk. If he was
+in the middle of a peroration when the bell rang, even the back benches
+forgot to empty. There were the inevitable students to whom literature
+is a trial, and sometimes they call attention to their sufferings by a
+scraping of the feet. Then the professor tried to fix his eyeglass on
+them, and when it worked properly they were transfixed. As a rule,
+however, it required so many adjustments that by the time his eye took
+hold of it he had remembered that students were made so, and his
+indignation went. Then, with the light in his eye that some
+photographer ought to catch, he would hope that his lecture was not
+disturbing their conversation. It was characteristic of his passion for
+being just that, when he had criticised some writer severely he would
+remember that the back benches could not understand that criticism and
+admiration might go together, unless they were told so again.
+
+The test of a sensitive man is that he is careful of wounding the
+feelings of others. Once, I remember, a student was reading a passage
+aloud, assuming at the same time such an attitude that the professor
+could not help remarking that he looked like a teapot. It was exactly
+what he did look like, and the class applauded. But next moment Masson
+had apologized for being personal. Such reminiscences are what make
+the old literature class-room to thousands of graduates a delight to
+think of.
+
+When the news of Carlyle's death reached the room, Masson could not go
+on with his lecture. Every one knows what Carlyle has said of him; and
+no one who has heard it will ever forget what he has said of Carlyle.
+Here were two men who understood each other. One of the Carlylean
+pictures one loves to dwell on shows them smoking together, with
+nothing breaking the pauses but Mrs. Carlyle's needles. Carlyle told
+Masson how he gave up smoking and then took to it again. He had walked
+from Dumfriesshire to Edinburgh to consult a doctor about his health,
+and was advised to lose his pipe. He smoked no more, but his health did
+not improve, and then one day he walked in a wood. At the foot of a
+tree lay a pipe, a tobacco pouch, a match-box. He saw clearly that this
+was a case of Providential interference, and from that moment he smoked
+again. There the professor's story stops. I have no doubt, though,
+that he nodded his head when Carlyle explained what the pipe and
+tobacco were doing there. Masson's "Milton" is, of course, his great
+work, but for sympathetic analysis I know nothing to surpass his
+"Chatterton." Lecturing on Chatterton one day, he remarked, with a
+slight hesitation, that had the poet mixed a little more in company
+and--and smoked, his morbidness would not have poisoned him. That
+turned my thoughts to smoking, because I meant to be a Chatterton, but
+greater. Since then the professor has warned me against smoking too
+much. He was smoking at the time.
+
+This is no place to follow Masson's career, nor to discuss his work. To
+reach his position one ought to know his definition of a man of
+letters. It is curious, and, like most of his departures from the
+generally accepted, sticks to the memory. By a man of letters he does
+not mean the poet, for instance, who is all soul, so much as the
+strong-brained writer whose guardian angel is a fine sanity. He used to
+mention John Skelton, the Wolsey satirist, and Sir David Lindsay, as
+typical men of letters from this point of view, and it is as a man of
+letters of that class that Masson is best considered. In an age of many
+whipper-snappers in criticism, he is something of a Gulliver.
+
+The students in that class liked to see their professor as well as hear
+him. I let my hair grow long because it only annoyed other people, and
+one day there was dropped into my hand a note containing sixpence and
+the words: "The students sitting behind you present their compliments,
+and beg that you will get your hair cut with the enclosed, as it
+interferes with their view of the professor."
+
+Masson, when he edited _Macmillan's_, had all the best men round him.
+His talk of Thackeray is specially interesting, but he always holds
+that in conversation Douglas Jerrold was unapproachable. Jerrold told
+him a good story of his seafaring days. His ship was lying off
+Gibraltar, and for some hours Jerrold, though only a midshipman, was
+left in charge. Some of the sailors begged to get ashore, and he let
+them, on the promise that they would bring him back some oranges. One
+of them disappeared, and the midshipman suffered for it. More than
+twenty years afterward Jerrold was looking in at a window in the Strand
+when he seemed to know the face of a weatherbeaten man who was doing
+the same thing. Suddenly he remembered, and put his hand on the other's
+shoulder. "My man," he said, "you have been a long time with those
+oranges!" The sailor recognized him, turned white, and took to his
+heels. There is, too, the story of how Dickens and Jerrold made up
+their quarrel at the Garrick Club. It was the occasion on which Masson
+first met the author of "Pickwick." Dickens and Jerrold had not spoken
+for a year, and they both happened to have friends at dinner in the
+strangers' room, Masson being Jerrold's guest. The two hosts sat back
+to back, but did not address each other, though the conversation was
+general. At last Jerrold could stand it no longer. Turning, he
+exclaimed, "Charley, my boy, how are you?" Dickens wheeled round and
+grasped his hand.
+
+Many persons must have noticed that, in appearance, Masson is becoming
+more and more like Carlyle every year. How would you account for it? It
+is a thing his old students often discuss when they meet, especially
+those of them who, when at college, made up their minds to dedicate
+their first book to him. The reason they seldom do it is because the
+book does not seem good enough.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR JOHN STUART BLACKIE.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+PROFESSOR JOHN STUART BLACKIE.
+
+
+Lately I was told that Blackie--one does not say Mr. Cromwell--is no
+longer professor of Greek in Edinburgh University. What nonsense some
+people talk! As if Blackie were not part of the building! In his class
+one day he spoke touchingly of the time when he would have to join
+Socrates in the Elysian fields. A student cheered--no one knows why.
+"It won't be for some time yet," added John Stuart.
+
+Blackie takes his ease at home, in a dressing-gown and straw hat. This
+shows that his plaid really does come off. "My occupation nowadays," he
+said to me recently, "is business, blethers, bothers, beggars, and
+backgammon." He has also started a profession of going to public
+meetings, and hurrying home to write letters to the newspapers about
+them. When the editor shakes the manuscript, a sonnet falls out. I
+think I remember the professor's saying that he had never made five
+shillings by his verses. To my mind they are worth more than that.
+
+Though he has explained them frequently, there is still confusion about
+Blackie's politics. At Manchester they thought he was a Tory, and
+invited him to address them, on that understanding. "I fancy I
+astonished them," the professor said to me. This is quite possible.
+Then he was mistaken for a Liberal. The fact is that Blackie is a
+philosopher, who follows the golden mean. He sees this himself. A
+philosopher who follows the golden mean is thus a man who runs zig-zag
+between two extremes. You will observe that he who does this is some
+time before he arrives anywhere.
+
+The professor has said that he has the strongest lungs in Scotland. Of
+the many compliments that might well be paid him, not the least worthy
+would be this: that he is as healthy mentally as physically. Mrs.
+Norton begins a novel with the remark that one of the finest sights
+conceivable is a well-preserved gentleman of middle age. It will be
+some time yet before Blackie reaches middle age, but there must be
+something wrong with you if you can look at him without feeling
+refreshed. Did you ever watch him marching along Princes Street on a
+warm day, when every other person was broiling in the sun? His head is
+well thrown back, the staff, grasped in the middle, jerks back and
+forward like a weaver's shuttle, and the plaid flies in the breeze.
+Other people's clothes are hanging limp. Blackie carries his breeze
+with him.
+
+A year or two ago Mr. Gladstone, when at Dalmeny, pointed out that he
+had the advantage over Blackie in being of both Highland and Lowland
+extraction. The professor, however, is as Scotch as the thistle or his
+native hills, and Mr. Gladstone, quite justifiably, considers him the
+most outstanding of living Scotsmen. Blackie is not quite sure himself.
+Not long ago I heard him read a preface to a life of Mr. Gladstone that
+was being printed at Smyrna in modern Greek. He told his readers to
+remember that Mr. Gladstone was a great scholar and an upright
+statesman. They would find it easy to do this if they first remembered
+that he was Scottish.
+
+The _World_ included Blackie in its list of "Celebrities at Home." It
+said that the door was opened by a red-headed lassie. That was probably
+meant for local color, and it amused every one who knew Mrs. Blackie.
+The professor is one of the most genial of men, and will show you to
+your room himself, talking six languages. This tends to make the
+conversation one-sided, but he does not mind that. He still writes a
+good deal, spending several hours in his library daily, and his talk is
+as brilliant as ever. His writing nowadays is less sustained than it
+was, and he prefers flitting from one subject to another, to evolving a
+great work. When he dips his pen into an ink-pot, it at once writes a
+sonnet--so strong is the force of habit. Recently he wrote a page about
+Carlyle in a little book issued by the Edinburgh students' bazaar
+committee. In this he reproved Carlyle for having "bias." Blackie
+wonders why people should have bias.
+
+Some readers of this may in their student days have been invited to the
+Greek professor's house to breakfast, without knowing why they were
+selected from among so many. It was not, as they are probably aware,
+because of their classical attainments, for they were too thoughtful to
+be in the prize-list; nor was it because of the charm of their manners
+or the fascination of their conversation. When the professor noticed
+any physical peculiarity about a student, such as a lisp, or a glass
+eye, or one leg longer than the other, or a broken nose, he was at once
+struck by it, and asked him to breakfast. They were very lively
+breakfasts, the eggs being served in tureens; but sometimes it was a
+collection of the maimed and crooked, and one person at the table--not
+the host himself--used to tremble lest, making mirrors of each other,
+the guests should see why they were invited.
+
+Sometimes, instead of asking a student to breakfast, Blackie would
+instruct another student to request his company to tea. Then the two
+students were told to talk about paulo-post futures in the cool of the
+evening, and to read their Greek Testament and to go to the pantomime.
+The professor never tired of giving his students advice about the
+preservation of their bodily health. He strongly recommended a cold
+bath at six o'clock every morning. In winter, he remarked genially, you
+can break the ice with a hammer. According to himself, only one
+enthusiast seems to have followed his advice, and he died.
+
+In Blackie's class-room there used to be a demonstration every time he
+mentioned the name of a distinguished politician. Whether the
+demonstration took the professor by surprise or whether he waited for
+it, will never perhaps be known. But Blackie at least put out the gleam
+in his eye, and looked as if he were angry. "I will say Beaconsfield,"
+he would exclaim (cheers and hisses). "Beaconsfield" (uproar). Then he
+would stride forward, and, seizing the railing, announce his intention
+of saying Beaconsfield until every goose in the room was tired of
+cackling. ("Question.") "Beaconsfield." ("No, no.") "Beaconsfield."
+("Hear, hear," and shouts of "Gladstone.") "Beaconsfield." ("Three
+cheers for Dizzy.") Eventually the class would be dismissed as--(1)
+idiots, (2) a bear garden, (3) a flock of sheep, (4) a pack of
+numskulls, (5) hissing serpents. The professor would retire, apparently
+fuming, to his anteroom, and five minutes afterward he would be playing
+himself down the North Bridge on imaginary bagpipes. This sort of thing
+added a sauce to all academic sessions. There was a notebook also,
+which appeared year after year. It contained the professor's jokes of a
+former session, carefully classified by an admiring student. It was
+handed down from one year's men to the next; and thus, if Blackie began
+to make a joke about haggis, the possessor of the book had only swiftly
+to turn to the H's, find what the joke was, and send it along the class
+quicker than the professor could speak it.
+
+In the old days the Greek professor recited a poem in honor of the end
+of the session. He composed it himself, and, as known to me, it took
+the form of a graduate's farewell to his alma mater. Sometimes he
+would knock a map down as if overcome with emotion, and at critical
+moments a student in the back benches would accompany him on a penny
+trumpet. Now, I believe, the Hellenic Club takes the place of the
+class-room. All the eminent persons in Edinburgh attend its meetings,
+and Blackie, the Athenian, is in the chair. The policeman in Douglas
+Crescent looks skeered when you ask him what takes place on these
+occasions. It is generally understood that toward the end of the
+meeting they agree to read Greek next time.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR CALDERWOOD.
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+PROFESSOR CALDERWOOD.
+
+
+Here is a true story that the general reader may jump, as it is
+intended for Professor Calderwood himself. Some years ago an English
+daily paper reviewed a book entitled "A Handbook of Moral Philosophy."
+The professor knows the work. The "notice" was done by the junior
+reporter, to whom philosophical treatises are generally intrusted. He
+dealt leniently, on the whole, with Professor Calderwood, even giving
+him a word of encouragement here and there. Still the criticism was
+severe. The reviewer subsequently went to Edinburgh University, and
+came out 144th in the class of moral philosophy.
+
+That student is now, I believe, on friendly terms with Professor
+Calderwood, but has never told him this story. I fancy the professor
+would like to know his name. It may perhaps be reached in this way: He
+was the young gentleman who went to his classes the first day in a
+black coat and silk hat, and was cheered round the quadrangle by a body
+of admiring fellow-students, who took him for a professor.
+
+Calderwood contrives to get himself more in touch with the mass of his
+students than some of his fellow-professors, partly because he puts a
+high ideal before himself, and to some extent because his subject is
+one that Scottish students revel in. Long before they join his class
+they know that they are moral philosophers; indeed, they are sometimes
+surer of it before they enrol than afterward. Their essays begin in
+some such fashion as this: "In joining issue with Reid, I wish to take
+no unfair advantage of my antagonist;" or, "Kant is sadly at fault when
+he says that----" or, "It is strange that a man of Locke's attainments
+should have been blind to the fact----" When the professor reads out
+these tit-bits to the class, his eyes twinkle. Some students, of
+course, are not such keen philosophers as others. Does Professor
+Calderwood remember the one who was never struck by anything in moral
+philosophy until he learned by accident that Descartes lay in bed till
+about twelve o'clock every morning? Then it dawned on him that he, too,
+must have been a philosopher all his life without knowing it. One year
+a father and son were in the class. The father got so excited over
+volition and the line that divides right from wrong that he wrenched
+the desk before him from its sockets and hit it triumphantly, meaning
+that he and the professor were at one. He was generally admired by his
+fellow-students, because he was the only one in the class who could cry
+out "Hear, hear," and even "Question," without blushing. The son, on
+the other hand, was _blasé_, and would have been an agnostic, only he
+could never remember the name. Once a week Calderwood turns his class
+into a debating society, and argues things out with his students. This
+field-day is a joy to them. Some of them spend the six days previous in
+preparing posers. The worst of the professor is that he never sees that
+they are posers. What is the use of getting up a question of the most
+subtle kind, when he answers it right away? It makes you sit down quite
+suddenly. There is an occasional student who tries to convert liberty
+of speech on the discussion day into license, and of him the professor
+makes short work. The student means to turn the laugh on Calderwood,
+and then Calderwood takes advantage of him, and the other students
+laugh at the wrong person. It is the older students, as a rule, who are
+most violently agitated over these philosophical debates. One with a
+beard cracks his fingers, after the manner of a child in a village
+school that knows who won the battle of Bannockburn, and feels that he
+must burst if he does not let it out at once. A bald-headed man rises
+every minute to put a question, and then sits down, looking stupid. He
+has been trying so hard to remember what it is that he has forgotten.
+There is a legend of two who quarrelled over the Will and fought it out
+on Arthur's Seat.
+
+One year, however, a boy of sixteen or so, with a squeaky voice and a
+stammer, was Calderwood's severest critic. He sat on the back bench,
+and what he wanted to know was something about the infinite. Every
+discussion day he took advantage of a lull in the debate to squeak out,
+"With regard to the infinite," and then could never get any further. No
+one ever discovered what he wanted enlightenment on about the infinite.
+He grew despondent as the session wore on, but courageously stuck to
+his point. Probably he is a soured man now. For purposes of exposition,
+Calderwood has a blackboard in his lecture-room, on which he chalks
+circles that represent the feelings and the will, with arrows shooting
+between them. In my class there was a boy, a very little boy, who had
+been a dux at school and was a dunce at college. He could not make
+moral philosophy out at all, but did his best. Here were his complete
+notes for one day: "Edinburgh University; Class of Moral Philosophy;
+Professor Calderwood; Lecture 64; Jan. 11. 18--You rub out the arrow,
+and there is only the circle left."
+
+Professor Calderwood is passionately fond of music, as those who visit
+at his house know. He is of opinion that there is a great deal of
+moral philosophy in "The Dead March in Saul." Once he said something to
+that effect in his class, adding enthusiastically that he could excuse
+the absence of a student who had been away hearing "The Dead March in
+Saul." After that he received a good many letters from students, worded
+in this way: "Mr. McNaughton (bench 7) presents his compliments to
+Professor Calderwood, and begs to state that his absence from the class
+yesterday was owing to his being elsewhere, hearing 'The Dead March in
+Saul.'" "Dear Professor Calderwood: I regret my absence from the
+lecture to-day, but hope you will overlook it, as I was unavoidably
+detained at home, practising 'The Dead March in Saul.' Yours truly,
+Peter Webster." "Professor Calderwood: Dear Sir,--As I was coming to
+the lecture to-day, I heard 'The Dead March in Saul' being played in
+the street. You will, I am sure, make allowance for my non-attendance
+at the class, as I was too much affected to come. It is indeed a grand
+march. Yours faithfully, John Robbie." "The students whose names are
+subjoined thank the professor of moral philosophy most cordially for
+his remarks on the elevating power of music. They have been encouraged
+thereby to start a class for the proper study of the impressive and
+solemn march to which he called special attention, and hope he will
+excuse them, should their practisings occasionally prevent their
+attendance at the Friday lectures." Professor Calderwood does not
+lecture on "The Dead March in Saul" now.
+
+The class of moral philosophy is not for the few, but the many. Some
+professors do not mind what becomes of the nine students, so long as
+they can force on every tenth. Calderwood, however, considers it his
+duty to carry the whole class along with him; and it is, as a
+consequence, almost impossible to fall behind. The lectures are not
+delivered, in the ordinary sense, but dictated. Having explained the
+subject of the day with the lucidity that is this professor's peculiar
+gift, he condenses his remarks into a proposition. It is as if a
+minister ended his sermon with the text. Thus: "Proposition 34: Man is
+born into the world--(You have got that? See that you have all got
+it.) Man is born into the world with a capacity--with a capacity----"
+(Anxious student: "If you please, professor, where did you say man was
+born into?") "Into the world, with a capacity to distinguish----"
+("With a what, sir?")--"with a capacity to distinguish----" (Student:
+"Who is born into the world?") "Perhaps I have been reading too
+quickly. Man is born into the world, with a capacity to distinguish
+between--distinguish between----" (student shuts his book, thinking
+that completes the proposition)--"distinguish between right and
+wrong--right--and wrong. You have all got Proposition 34, gentlemen?"
+
+Once Calderwood was questioning a student about a proposition, to see
+that he thoroughly understood it. "Give an illustration," suggested the
+professor. The student took the case of a murderer. "Very good," said
+the professor. "Now give me another illustration." The student pondered
+for a little. "Well," he said at length, "take the case of another
+murderer."
+
+Professor Calderwood has such an exceptional interest in his students
+that he asks every one of them to his house. This is but one of many
+things that makes him generally popular; he also invites his ladies'
+class to meet them. The lady whom you take down to supper suggests
+Proposition 41 as a nice thing to talk about, and asks what you think
+of the metaphysics of ethics. Professor Calderwood sees the ladies into
+the cabs himself. It is the only thing I ever heard against him.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR TAIT.
+
+
+
+
+V.
+
+PROFESSOR TAIT.
+
+
+Just as I opened my desk to write enthusiastically of Tait, I
+remembered having recently deciphered a pencil note about him, in my
+own handwriting, on the cover of Masson's "Chronological List," which I
+still keep by me. I turned to the note to see if there was life in it
+yet. "Walls," it says, "got 2s. for T. and T. at Brown's, 16 Walker
+Street." I don't recall Walls, but T. and T. was short for "Thomson and
+Tait's Elements of Natural Philosophy" (elements!), better known in my
+year as the "Student's First Glimpse of Hades." Evidently Walls sold
+his copy, but why did I take such note of the address? I fear T. and T.
+is one of the "Books Which Have Helped Me." This somewhat damps my
+ardor.
+
+When Tait was at Cambridge, it was flung in the face of the
+mathematicians that they never stood high in Scriptural knowledge.
+Tait and another were the two of whom one must be first wrangler, and
+they agreed privately to wipe this stigma from mathematics. They did it
+by taking year about the prize which was said to hang out of their
+reach. It is always interesting to know of professors who have done
+well in Biblical knowledge. All Scottish students at the English
+universities are not so successful. I knew a Snell man who was sent
+back from the Oxford entrance exam., and he always held himself that
+the Biblical questions had done it.
+
+Turner is said by medicals to be the finest lecturer in the university.
+He will never be that so long as Tait is in the natural philosophy
+chair. Never, I think, can there have been a more superb demonstrator.
+I have his burly figure before me. The small twinkling eyes had a
+fascinating gleam in them; he could concentrate them until they held
+the object looked at; when they flashed round the room he seemed to
+have drawn a rapier. I have seen a man fall back in alarm under Tait's
+eyes, though there were a dozen benches between them. These eyes could
+be merry as a boy's, though, as when he turned a tube of water on
+students who would insist on crowding too near an experiment, for
+Tait's was the humor of high spirits. I could conceive him at marbles
+still, and feeling annoyed at defeat. He could not fancy anything much
+funnier than a man missing his chair. Outside his own subject he is
+not, one feels, a six-footer. When Mr. R. L. Stevenson's memoir of the
+late Mr. Fleeming Jenkin was published, Tait said at great length that
+he did not like it; he would have had the sketch by a scientific man.
+But though scientists may be the only men nowadays who have anything to
+say, they are also the only men who can't say it. Scientific men out of
+their sphere know for a fact that novels are not true. So they draw
+back from novelists who write biography. Professor Tait and Mr.
+Stevenson are both men of note, who walk different ways, and when they
+meet neither likes to take the curbstone. If they were tied together
+for life in a three-legged race, which would suffer the more?
+
+But if Tait's science weighs him to the earth, he has a genius for
+sticking to his subject, and I am lost in admiration every time I bring
+back his lectures. It comes as natural to his old students to say when
+they meet, "What a lecturer Tait was!" as to Englishmen to joke about
+the bagpipes. It is not possible to draw a perfect circle, Chrystal
+used to say, after drawing a very fine one. To the same extent it was
+not possible for Tait never to fail in his experiments. The atmosphere
+would be too much for him once in a session, or there were other
+hostile influences at work. Tait warned us of these before proceeding
+to experiment, but we merely smiled. We believed in him as though he
+were a Bradshaw announcing that he would not be held responsible for
+possible errors.
+
+I had forgotten Lindsay--"the mother may forget her child." As I write,
+he has slipped back into his chair on the professor's right, and I
+could photograph him now in his brown suit. Lindsay was the
+imperturbable man who assisted Tait in his experiments, and his father
+held the post before him. When there were many of us together, we could
+applaud Lindsay with burlesque exaggeration, and he treated us
+good-humoredly, as making something considerable between us. But I once
+had to face Lindsay alone, in quest of my certificate; and suddenly he
+towered above me, as a waiter may grow tall when you find that you have
+not money enough to pay the bill. He treated me most kindly; did not
+reply, of course, but got the certificate, and handed it to me as a
+cashier contemptuously shovels you your pile of gold. Long ago I pasted
+up a crack in my window with the certificate, but it said, I remember,
+that I had behaved respectably--so far as I had come under the eyes of
+the professor. Tait was always an enthusiast.
+
+We have been keeping Lindsay waiting. When he had nothing special to
+do, he sat indifferently in his chair, with the face of a precentor
+after the sermon has begun. But though it was not very likely that
+Lindsay would pay much attention to talk about such playthings as the
+laws of nature, his fingers went out in the direction of the professor
+when the experiments began. Then he was not the precentor; he was a
+minister in one of the pews. Lindsay was an inscrutable man, and I
+shall not dare to say that he even half-wished to see Tait fail. He
+only looked on, ready for any emergency; but if the experiment would
+not come off, he was as quick to go to the professor's assistance as a
+member of Parliament is to begin when he has caught the Speaker's eye.
+Perhaps Tait would have none of his aid, or pushed the mechanism for
+the experiment from him--an intimation to Lindsay to carry it quickly
+to the ante-room. Do you think Lindsay read the instructions so? Let me
+tell you that your mind fails to seize hold of Lindsay. He marched the
+machine out of Tait's vicinity as a mother may push her erring boy away
+from his father's arms, to take him to her heart as soon as the door is
+closed. Lindsay took the machine to his seat, and laid it before him on
+the desk, with well-concealed apathy. Tait would flash his eye to the
+right to see what Lindsay was after, and there was Lindsay sitting with
+his arms folded. The professor's lecture resumed its way, and then out
+went Lindsay's hands to the machine. Here he tried a wheel; again he
+turned a screw; in time he had the machine ready for another trial. No
+one was looking his way, when suddenly there was a whizz--bang, bang.
+All eyes were turned upon Lindsay, the professor's among them. A cheer
+broke out as we realized that Lindsay had done the experiment. Was he
+flushed with triumph? Not a bit of it; he was again sitting with his
+arms folded. A Glasgow merchant of modest manners, when cross-examined
+in a law court, stated that he had a considerable monetary interest in
+a certain concern. "How much do you mean by a 'considerable monetary
+interest'?" demanded the contemptuous barrister who was cross-examining
+him. "Oh," said the witness, humbly, "a maiter o' a million an' a
+half--or, say, twa million." That Glasgow man in the witness-box is the
+only person I can think of, when looking about me for a parallel to
+Lindsay. While the professor eyed him and the students deliriously beat
+the floor, Lindsay quietly gathered the mechanism together and carried
+it to the ante-room. His head was not flung back nor his chest forward,
+like one who walked to music. In his hour of triumph he was still
+imperturbable. I lie back in my chair to-day, after the lapse of years,
+and ask myself again, How did Lindsay behave after he entered the
+ante-room, shutting the door behind him? Did he give way? There is no
+one to say. When he returned to the class-room he wore his familiar
+face; a man to ponder over.
+
+There is a legend about the natural philosophy class-room, the period
+long antecedent to Tait. The professor, annoyed by a habit students had
+got into of leaving their hats on his desk, announced that the next hat
+placed there would be cut in pieces by him in presence of the class.
+The warning had its effect, until one day when the professor was called
+for a few minutes from the room. An undergraduate, to whom the natural
+sciences, unrelieved, were a monotonous study, slipped into the
+ante-room, from which he emerged with the professor's hat. This he
+placed on the desk, and then stole in a panic to his seat. An awe fell
+upon the class. The professor returned, but when he saw the hat he
+stopped. He showed no anger. "Gentlemen," he said, "I told you what
+would happen if you again disobeyed my orders." Quite blandly he took a
+pen-knife from his pocket, slit the hat into several pieces, and flung
+them into the sink. While the hat was under the knife, the students
+forgot to demonstrate; but as it splashed into the sink, they gave
+forth a true British cheer. The end.
+
+Close to the door of the natural philosophy room is a window that in my
+memory will ever be sacred to a janitor. The janitors of the university
+were of varied interest, from the merry one who treated us as if we
+were his equals, and the soldier who sometimes looked as if he would
+like to mow us down, to the Head Man of All, whose name I dare not
+write, though I can whisper it. The janitor at the window, however, sat
+there through the long evenings while the Debating Society (of which I
+was a member) looked after affairs of state in an adjoining room. We
+were the smallest society in the university and the longest-winded,
+and I was once nearly expelled for not paying my subscription. Our
+grand debate was, "Is the policy of the government worthy the
+confidence of this society?" and we also read about six essays yearly
+on "The Genius of Robert Burns"; but it was on private business that we
+came out strongest. The question that agitated us most was whether the
+meetings should be opened with prayer, and the men who thought they
+should would not so much as look at the men who thought they should
+not. When the janitor was told that we had begun our private business,
+he returned to his window and slept. His great day was when we could
+not form a quorum, which happened now and then.
+
+Gregory was a member of that society--what has become of Gregory? He
+was one of those men who professors say have a brilliant future before
+them, and who have not since been heard of. Morton, another member, was
+of a different stamp. He led in the debate on "Beauty of the Mind v.
+Beauty of the Body." His writhing contempt for the beauty that is only
+skin-deep is not to be forgotten. How noble were his rhapsodies on the
+beauty of the mind! And when he went to Calderwood's to supper, how
+quick he was to pick out the prettiest girl, who took ten per cent in
+moral philosophy, and to sit beside her all the evening! Morton had a
+way of calling on his friends the night before a degree examination to
+ask them to put him up to as much as would pull him through.
+
+Tait used to get greatly excited over the rectorial elections, and, if
+he could have disguised himself, would have liked, I think, to join in
+the fight round the Brewster statue. He would have bled for the
+Conservative cause, as his utterances on university reform have shown.
+The reformers have some cause for thinking that Tait is a greater man
+in his class room than when he addresses the graduates. He has said
+that the less his students know of his subject when they join his
+class, the less, probably, they will have to unlearn. Such views are
+behind the times that feed their children on geographical biscuits in
+educational nurseries with astronomical ceilings and historical
+wall-papers.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR CAMPBELL FRASER.
+
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+PROFESSOR CAMPBELL FRASER.
+
+
+Not long ago I was back in the Old University--how well I remember
+pointing it out as the jail to a stranger, who had asked me to show him
+round. I was in one of the library ante-rooms, when some one knocked,
+and I looked up, to see Campbell Fraser framed in the doorway. I had
+not looked on that venerable figure for half a dozen years. I had
+forgotten all my metaphysics. Yet it all came back with a rush. I was
+on my feet, wondering if I existed strictly so called.
+
+Calderwood and Fraser had both their followings. The moral philosophers
+wore an air of certainty, for they knew that if they stuck to
+Calderwood he would pull them through. You cannot lose yourself in the
+back garden. But the metaphysicians had their doubts. Fraser led them
+into strange places, and said he would meet them there again next day.
+They wandered to their lodgings, and got into difficulties with their
+landlady for saying that she was only an aggregate of sense phenomena.
+Fraser was rather a hazardous cure for weak intellects. Young men whose
+anchor had been certainty of themselves went into that class floating
+buoyantly on the sea of facts, and came out all adrift--on the sea of
+theory--in an open boat--rudderless--one oar--the boat scuttled. How
+could they think there was any chance for them, when the professor was
+not even sure of himself? I see him rising in a daze from his chair and
+putting his hands through his hair. "Do I exist," he said,
+thoughtfully, "strictly so called?" The students (if it was the
+beginning of the session) looked a little startled. This was a matter
+that had not previously disturbed them. Still, if the professor was in
+doubt, there must be something in it. He began to argue it out, and an
+uncomfortable silence held the room in awe. If he did not exist, the
+chances were that they did not exist either. It was thus a personal
+question. The professor glanced round slowly for an illustration. "Am
+I a table?" A pained look travelled over the class. Was it just
+possible that they were all tables? It is no wonder that the students
+who do not go to the bottom during their first month of metaphysics
+begin to give themselves airs strictly so called. In the privacy of
+their room at the top of the house, they pinch themselves to see if
+they are still there.
+
+He would, I think, be a sorry creature who did not find something to
+admire in Campbell Fraser. Metaphysics may not trouble you, as it
+troubles him, but you do not sit under the man without seeing his
+transparent honesty and feeling that he is genuine. In appearance and
+in habit of thought he is an ideal philosopher, and his communings with
+himself have lifted him to a level of serenity that is worth struggling
+for. Of all the arts professors in Edinburgh, he is probably the most
+difficult to understand, and students in a hurry have called his
+lectures childish. If so, it may be all the better for them. For the
+first half of the hour, they say, he tells you what he is going to do,
+and for the second half he revises. Certainly he is vastly explanatory,
+but then he is not so young as they are, and so he has his doubts. They
+are so cock-sure that they wonder to see him hesitate. Often there is a
+mist on the mountain when it is all clear in the valley.
+
+Fraser's great work is his edition of Berkeley, a labor of love that
+should live after him. He has two Berkeleys, the large one and the
+little one, and, to do him justice, it was the little one he advised us
+to consult. I never read the large one myself, which is in a number of
+monster tomes, but I often had a look at it in the library, and I was
+proud to think that an Edinburgh professor was the editor. When Glasgow
+men came through to talk of their professors, we showed them the big
+Berkeley, and after that they were reasonable. There was one man in my
+year who really began the large Berkeley, but after a time he was
+missing, and it is believed that some day he will be found flattened
+between the pages of the first volume.
+
+The "Selections" was the text-book we used in the class. It is
+sufficient to prove that Berkeley wrote beautiful English. I am not
+sure that any one has written such English since. We have our own
+"stylists," but how self-conscious they are after Berkeley! It is seven
+years since I opened my "Selections," but I see that I was once more of
+a metaphysician than I have been giving myself credit for. The book is
+scribbled over with posers in my handwriting about dualism and primary
+realities. Some of the comments are in short-hand, which I must at one
+time have been able to read, but all are equally unintelligible now.
+Here is one of my puzzlers: "Does B here mean impercipient and
+unperceived subject or conscious and percipient subject?" Observe the
+friendly B. I dare say further on I shall find myself referring to the
+professor as F. I wonder if I ever discovered what B meant. I could not
+now tell what I meant, myself.
+
+As many persons are aware, the "Selections" consist of Berkeley's text
+with the professor's notes thereon. The notes are explanatory of the
+text, and the student must find them an immense help. Here, for
+instance, is a note: "Phenomenal or sense dependent existence can be
+substantiated and caused only by a self-conscious spirit, for otherwise
+there could be no propositions about it expressive of what is
+conceivable; on the other hand, to affirm that phenomenal or sense
+dependent existence, which alone we know, and which alone is
+conceivable, is, or even represents, an inconceivable non-phenomenal or
+abstract existence, would be to affirm a contradiction in terms." There
+we have it.
+
+As a metaphysician I was something of a disappointment. I began well,
+standing, if I recollect aright, in the three examinations, first,
+seventeenth, and seventy-seventh. A man who sat beside me--man was the
+word we used--gazed at me reverently when I came out first, and I could
+see by his eye that he was not sure whether I existed properly so
+called. By the second exam. his doubts had gone, and by the third he
+was surer of me than of himself. He came out fifty-seventh, this being
+the grand triumph of his college course. He was the same whose key
+translated _cras donaberis hædo_ "To-morrow you will be presented with
+a kid," but who, thinking that a little vulgar, refined it down to
+"To-morrow you will be presented with a small child."
+
+In the metaphysics class I was like the fountains in the quadrangle,
+which ran dry toward the middle of the session. While things were still
+looking hopeful for me, I had an invitation to breakfast with the
+professor. If the fates had been so propitious as to forward me that
+invitation, it is possible that I might be a metaphysician to this day,
+but I had changed my lodgings, and, when I heard of the affair, all was
+over. The professor asked me to stay behind one day after the lecture,
+and told me that he had got his note back with "Left: no address" on
+it. "However," he said, "you may keep this," presenting me with the
+invitation for the Saturday previously. I mention this to show that
+even professors have hearts. That letter is preserved with the
+autographs of three editors, none of which anybody can read.
+
+There was once a medical student who came up to my rooms early in the
+session, and I proved to him in half an hour that he did not exist. He
+got quite frightened, and I can still see his white face as he sat
+staring at me in the gloaming. This shows what metaphysics can do. He
+has recovered, however, and is sheep-farming now, his examiners never
+having asked him the right questions.
+
+The last time Fraser ever addressed me was when I was capped. He said,
+"I congratulate you, Mr. Smith," and one of the other professors said,
+"I congratulate you, Mr. Fisher." My name is neither Smith nor Fisher,
+but no doubt the thing was kindly meant. It was then, however, that the
+professor of metaphysics had his revenge on me. I had once spelt Fraser
+with a "z."
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR CHRYSTAL.
+
+
+
+
+VII.
+
+PROFESSOR CHRYSTAL.
+
+
+When Chrystal came to Edinburgh, he rooted up the humors of the
+class-room as a dentist draws teeth. Souls were sold for keys that
+could be carried in the waistcoat pocket. Ambition fell from heights,
+and lay with its eye on a certificate. By night was a rush of ghosts,
+shrieking for passes. Horse-play fled before the Differential Calculus
+in spectacles.
+
+I had Chrystal's first year, and recall the gloomy student sitting
+before me who hacked "All hope abandon, ye who enter here" into a desk
+that may have confined Carlyle. It took him a session, and he was
+digging his own grave, for he never got through; but it was something
+to hold by, something he felt sure of. All else was spiders' webs in
+chalk.
+
+Chrystal was a fine hare for the hounds who could keep up with him. He
+started off the first day with such a spurt that most of us were left
+behind mopping our faces, and saying, "Here's a fellow," which is what
+Mr. Stevenson says Shakespeare would have remarked about Mr. George
+Meredith. We never saw him again. The men who were on speaking
+acquaintance with his symbols revelled in him as students love an
+enthusiast who is eager to lead them into a world toward which they
+would journey. He was a rare guide for them. The bulk, however, lost
+him in labyrinths. They could not but admire their brilliant professor;
+but while their friend the medallist and he kept the conversation to
+themselves, they felt like eavesdroppers hearkening to a pair of
+lovers. It is "beautiful," they cried, "but this is no place for us;
+let us away."
+
+A good many went, but their truancy stuck in their throats like Otway's
+last roll. The M.A. was before them. They had fancied it in their
+hands, but it became shy as a maiden from the day they learned
+Chrystal's heresy that Euclid is not mathematics, but only some riders
+in it. This snapped the cord that had tied the blind man to his dog,
+and the M.A. shot down the horizon. When Rutherford delivered his first
+lecture in the chair of institutes of medicine, boisterous students
+drowned his voice, and he flung out of the room. At the door he paused
+to say, "Gentleman, we shall meet again at Philippi." A dire bomb was
+this in the midst of them, warranted to go off, none able to cast it
+overboard. We too had our Philippi before us. Chrystal could not be
+left to his own devices.
+
+I had never a passion for knowing that when circles or triangles
+attempt impossibilities it is absurd; and _x_ was an unknown quantity I
+was ever content to walk round about. To admit to Chrystal that we
+understood _x_ was only a way he had of leading you on to _y_ and _z_.
+I gave him his chance, however, by contributing a paper of answers to
+his first weekly set of exercises. When the hour for returning the
+slips came round, I was there to accept fame--if so it was to be--with
+modesty; and if it was to be humiliation, still to smile. The professor
+said there was one paper, with an owner's name on it, which he could
+not read, and it was handed along the class to be deciphered. My
+presentiment that it was mine became a certainty when it reached my
+hand; but I passed it on pleasantly, and it returned to Chrystal, a
+Japhet that never found its father. Feeling that the powers were
+against me, I then retired from the conflict, sanguine that the
+teaching of my mathematical schoolmaster, the best that could be, would
+pull me through. The Disowned may be going the round of the class-room
+still.
+
+The men who did not know when they were beaten returned to their seats,
+and doggedly took notes, their faces lengthening daily. Their
+note-books reproduced exactly the hieroglyphics of the blackboard, and,
+examined at night, were as suggestive as the photographs of persons one
+has never seen. To overtake Chrystal after giving him a start was the
+presumption that is an offshoot from despair. There was once an elderly
+gentleman who for years read the _Times_ every day from the first page
+to the last. For a fortnight he was ill of a fever; but, on recovering,
+he began at the copy of the _Times_ where he had left off. He
+struggled magnificently to make up on the _Times_, but it was in vain.
+This is an allegory for the way these students panted after Chrystal.
+
+Some succumbed and joined the majority--literally; for to mathematics
+they were dead. I never hear of the old university now, nor pass under
+the shadow of the walls one loves when he is done with them, without
+seeing myself as I was the day I matriculated, an awestruck boy,
+passing and repassing the gates, frightened to venture inside,
+breathing heavily at sight of janitors, Scott and Carlyle in the air.
+After that I see nothing fuller of color than the meetings that were
+held outside Chrystal's door. Adjoining it is a class-room so little
+sought for that legend tells of its door once showing the notice,
+"There will be no class to-day, as the student is unwell." The crowd
+round Chrystal's could have filled that room. It was composed of
+students hearkening at the door to see whether he was to call their
+part of the roll to-day. If he did, they slunk in; if not, the crowd
+melted into the streets, this refrain in their ears:
+
+     "I'm plucked, I do admit;
+       I'm spun, my mother dear:
+     Yet do not grieve for that
+       Which happens every year.
+     I've waited very patiently,
+       I may have long to wait;
+     But you've another son, mother,
+       And he will graduate."
+
+A professor of mathematics once brought a rowdy student from the back
+benches to a seat beside him, because: "First, you'll be near the
+board; second, you'll be near me; and, third, you'll be near the door."
+Chrystal soon discovered that students could be too near the door, and
+he took to calling the roll in the middle of the hour, which insured an
+increased attendance. It was a silent class, nothing heard but the
+patter of pencils, rats scraping for grain, of which there was
+abundance, but not one digestion in a bench. To smuggle in a novel up
+one's waistcoat was perilous, Chrystal's spectacles doing their work.
+At a corner of the platform sat the assistant, with a constable's
+authority, but, not formed for swooping, uneasy because he had legs,
+and where to put them he knew not. He got through the hour by shifting
+his position every five minutes; and, sitting there waiting, he
+reminded one of the boy who, on being told to remain so quietly where
+he was that he could hear a pin drop, held his breath a moment, then
+shouted, "Let it drop!" An excellent fellow was this assistant, who
+told us that one of his predecessors had got three months.
+
+A jest went as far in that class as a plum in the midshipmen's pudding,
+and, you remember, when the middies came on a plum they gave three
+cheers. In the middle of some brilliant reasoning, Chrystal would stop
+to add 4, 7, and 11. Addition of this kind was the only thing he could
+not do, and he looked to the class for help--"20," they shouted, "24,"
+"17," while he thought it over. These appeals to their intelligence
+made them beam. They woke up as a sleepy congregation shakes itself
+into life when the minister says, "I remember when I was a little
+boy----"
+
+The daring spirits--say, those who were going into their father's
+office, and so did not look upon Chrystal as a door locked to their
+advancement--sought to bring sunshine into the room. Chrystal soon had
+the blind down on that. I hear they have been at it recently, with the
+usual result. To relieve the monotony, a student at the end of bench
+ten dropped a marble, which toppled slowly downward toward the
+professor. At every step it took, there was a smothered guffaw; but
+Chrystal, who was working at the board, did not turn his head. When the
+marble reached the floor, he said, still with his back to the class,
+"Will the student at the end of bench ten, who dropped that marble,
+stand up?" All eyes dilated. He had counted the falls of the marble
+from step to step. Mathematics do not obscure the intellect.
+
+Twenty per cent was a good percentage in Chrystal's examinations;
+thirty sent you away whistling. As the M.A. drew nigh, students on
+their prospects might have been farmers discussing the weather. Some
+put their faith in the professor's goodness of heart, of which
+symptoms had been showing. He would not, all at once, "raise the
+standard"--hated phrase until you are through, when you write to the
+papers advocating it. Courage! was it not told of the Glasgow Snell
+competition that one of the competitors, as soon as he saw the first
+paper, looked for his hat and the door; that he was forbidden to
+withdraw until an hour had elapsed, and that he then tackled the paper
+and ultimately carried off the Snell? Of more immediate interest,
+perhaps, was the story of the quaking student, whose neighbor handed
+him in pencil, beneath the desk, the answer to several questions. It
+was in an M.A. exam., and the affrighted student found that he could
+not read his neighbor's notes. Trusting to fortune, he inclosed them
+with his own answers, writing at the top, "No time to write these out
+in ink, so inclose them in pencil." He got through: no moral.
+
+A condemned criminal wondering if he is to get a reprieve will not feel
+the position novel if he has loitered in a university quadrangle
+waiting for the janitor to nail up the results of a degree exam. A
+queer gathering we were, awaiting the verdict of Chrystal. Some
+compressed their lips, others were lively as fireworks dipped in water;
+there were those who rushed round and round the quadrangle; only one
+went the length of saying that he did not want to pass. H. I shall call
+him. I met him the other day in Fleet Street, and he annoyed me by
+asking at once if I remembered the landlady I quarrelled with because
+she wore my socks to church of a Sunday: we found her out one wet
+forenoon. H. waited the issue with a cigar in his mouth. He had
+purposely, he explained, given in a bad paper. He could not understand
+why men were so anxious to get through. He had ten reasons for wishing
+to be plucked. We let him talk. The janitor appeared with the fateful
+paper, and we lashed about him like waves round a lighthouse, all but
+H., who strolled languidly to the board to which the paper was being
+fastened. A moment afterward I heard a shriek: "I'm through! I'm
+through!" It was H. His cigar was dashed aside, and he sped like an
+arrow from the bow to the nearest telegraph office, shouting "I'm
+through!" as he ran.
+
+Those of us who had H.'s fortune now consider Chrystal made to order
+for his chair, but he has never, perhaps, had a proper appreciation of
+the charming fellows who get ten per cent.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR SELLAR.
+
+
+
+
+VIII.
+
+PROFESSOR SELLAR.
+
+
+When one of the distinguished hunting ladies who chase celebrities
+captured Mr. Mark Pattison, he gave anxious consideration to the
+quotation which he was asked to write above his name. "Fancy," he said
+with a shudder, "going down to posterity arm in arm with _carpe diem_!"
+Remembering this, I forbear tying Sellar to _odi profanum vulgus_. Yet
+the name opens the door to the quotation. Sellar is a Roman senator. He
+stood very high at Oxford, and took a prize for boxing. If you watch
+him in the class, you will sometimes see his mind murmuring that
+Edinburgh students do not take their play like Oxford men. The
+difference is in manner. A courteous fellow-student of Sellar once
+showed his relatives over Balliol. "You have now, I think," he said at
+last, "seen everything of interest except the master." He flung a
+stone at a window, at which the master's head appeared immediately,
+menacing, wrathful. "And now," concluded the polite youth, "you have
+seen him also."
+
+Mr. James Payn, who never forgave the Scottish people for pulling down
+their blinds on Sundays, was annoyed by the halo they have woven around
+the name "professor." He knew an Edinburgh lady who was scandalized
+because that mere poet, Alexander Smith, coolly addressed professors by
+their surnames. Mr. Payn might have known what it is to walk in the
+shadow of a Senatus Academicus could he have met such specimens as
+Sellar, Fraser, Tait, and Sir Alexander Grant marching down the Bridges
+abreast. I have seen them: an inspiriting sight. The pavement only held
+three. You could have shaken hands with them from an upper window.
+
+Sellar's treatment of his students was always that of a fine gentleman.
+Few got near him; all respected him. At times he was addressed in an
+unknown tongue, but he kept his countenance. He was particular about
+students keeping to their proper benches, and once thought he had
+caught a swarthy north countryman straying. "You are in your wrong
+seat, Mr. Orr." "Na, am richt eneuch." "You should be in the seat in
+front. That is bench 12, and you are entered on bench 10." "Eh? This is
+no bench twal, [counting] twa, fower, sax, aucht, ten." "There is
+something wrong." "Oh-h-h, [with sudden enlightenment] ye've been
+coontin' the first dask; we dinna coont the first dask." The professor
+knew the men he had to deal with too well to scorn this one, who turned
+out to be a fine fellow. He was the only man I ever knew who ran his
+medical and arts classes together, and so many lectures had he to
+attend daily that he mixed them up. He graduated, however, in both
+faculties in five years, and the last I heard of him was that, when
+applying for a medical assistantship, he sent his father's photograph
+because he did not have one of himself. He was a man of brains as well
+as sinew, and dined briskly on a shilling a week.
+
+There was a little fellow in the class who was a puzzle to Sellar,
+because he was higher sitting than standing: when the professor asked
+him to stand up, he stood down. "Is Mr. Blank not present?" Sellar
+would ask. "Here, sir," cried Blank. "Then, will you stand up, Mr.
+Blank?" (Agony of Blank, and a demonstration of many feet.) "Are you
+not prepared, Mr. Blank?" "Yes, sir. _Pastor quum traharet_----" "I
+insist on your standing up, Mr. Blank." Several students rise to their
+feet to explain, but subside. "Yes, sir. _Pastor quum traharet
+per_----" "I shall mark you 'Not prepared,' Mr. Blank." (Further
+demonstration, and then an indignant squeak from Blank.) "If you
+please, sir, I am standing." "But, in that case, how is it? Ah, oh, ah,
+yes; proceed, Mr. Blank." As one man was only called upon for
+exhibition five or six times in a year, the professor had always
+forgotten the circumstances when he asked Blank to stand up again.
+Blank was looked upon by his fellow-students as a practical jest, and
+his name was always received with the prolonged applause which greets
+the end of an after-dinner speech.
+
+Sellar never showed resentment to the students who addressed him as
+Professor Sellars.
+
+One day the professor was giving out some English to be translated into
+Latin prose. He read on--"and fiercely lifting the axe with both
+hands----" when a cheer from the top bench made him pause. The cheer
+spread over the room like an uncorked gas. Sellar frowned, but
+proceeded--"lifting the axe----" when again the class became demented.
+"What does this mean?" he demanded, looking as if he, too, could lift
+the axe. "Axe!" shouted a student in explanation. Still Sellar could
+not solve the riddle. Another student rose to his assistance.
+"Axe--Gladstone!" he cried. Sellar sat back in his chair. "Really,
+gentlemen," he said, "I take the most elaborate precautions against
+touching upon politics in this class, but sometimes you are beyond me.
+Let us continue--'and fiercely lifting his weapon with both hands----'"
+
+The duxes from the schools suffered a little during their first year,
+from a feeling that they and Sellar understood each other. He liked to
+undeceive them. We had one, all head, who went about wondering at
+himself. He lost his bursary on the way home with it, and still he
+strutted. Sellar asked if we saw anything peculiar in a certain line
+from Horace. We did not. We were accustomed to trust to Horace's
+reputation, all but the dandy. "Eh--ah! professor," he lisped; "it
+ought to have been so and so." Sellar looked at this promising plant
+from the schools, and watered him without a rose on the pan. "Depend
+upon it, Mr.--ah, I did not catch your name, if it ought to have been
+so and so, Horace would have made it so and so."
+
+Sellar's face was proof against wit. It did not relax till he gave it
+liberty. You could never tell from it what was going on inside. He read
+without a twitch a notice on his door: "Found in this class a
+gold-headed pencil case; if not claimed within three days will be sold
+to defray expenses." He even withstood the battering-ram on the day of
+the publication of his "Augustan Poets." The students could not let
+this opportunity pass. They assailed him with frantic applause; every
+bench was a drum to thump upon. His countenance said nothing. The drums
+had it in the end, though, and he dismissed the class with what is
+believed to have verged on a smile. Like the lover who has got his
+lady's glance, they at once tried for more, but no.
+
+Most of us had Humanity our first year, which is the year for
+experimenting. Then is the time to join the university library. The
+pound, which makes you a member, has never had its poet. You can
+withdraw your pound when you please. There are far-seeing men who work
+the whole thing out by mathematics. Put simply, this is the notion. In
+the beginning of the session you join the library, and soon you forget
+about your pound; you reckon without it. As the winter closes in, and
+the coal-bunk empties; or you find that five shillings a week for
+lodgings is a dream that cannot be kept up; or your coat assumes more
+and more the color identified with spring; or you would feast your
+friends for once right gloriously; or next Wednesday is your little
+sister's birthday; you cower, despairing, over a sulky fire. Suddenly
+you are on your feet, all aglow once more. What is this thought that
+sends the blood to your head? That library pound! You had forgotten
+that you had a bank. Next morning you are at the university in time to
+help the library door to open. You ask for your pound; you get it. Your
+hand mounts guard over the pocket in which it rustles. So they say. I
+took their advice and paid in my money; then waited exultingly to
+forget about it. In vain. I always allowed for that pound, in my
+thoughts. I saw it as plainly, I knew its every feature as a schoolboy
+remembers his first trout. Not to be hasty, I gave my pound two months,
+and then brought it home again. I had a fellow-student who lived across
+the way from me. We railed at the library-pound theory at open windows
+over the life of the street; a beautiful dream, but mad, mad.
+
+He was an enthusiast, and therefore happy, whom I have seen in the
+Humanity class-room on an examination day, his pen racing with time,
+himself seated in the contents of an ink bottle. Some stories of exams.
+have even a blacker ending. I write in tears of him who, estimating his
+memory as a leaky vessel, did with care and forethought draw up a crib
+that was more condensed than a pocket cyclopædia, a very Liebig's
+essence of the classics, tinned meat for students in the eleventh hour.
+Bridegrooms have been known to forget the ring; this student forgot his
+crib. In the middle of the examination came a nervous knocking at the
+door. A lady wanted to see the professor at once. The student looked
+up, to see his mother handing the professor his crib. Her son had
+forgotten it; she was sure that it was important, so she had brought it
+herself.
+
+Jump the body of this poor victim. There was no M.A. for him that year;
+but in our gowns and sashes we could not mourn for a might-have-been.
+Soldiers talk of the Victoria cross, statesmen of the Cabinet, ladies
+of a pearl set in diamonds. These are pretty baubles, but who has
+thrilled as the student that with bumping heart strolls into
+Middlemass' to order his graduate's gown? He hires it--five
+shillings--but the photograph to follow makes it as good as his for
+life. Look at him, young ladies, as he struts to the Synod Hall to have
+M.A. tacked to his name. Dogs do not dare bark at him. His gait is
+springy; in Princes Street he is as one who walks upstairs. Gone to me
+are those student days forever, but I can still put a photograph before
+me of a ghost in gown and cape, the hair straggling under the cap as
+tobacco may straggle over the side of a tin when there is difficulty in
+squeezing down the lid. How well the little black jacket looks, how
+vividly the wearer remembers putting it on. He should have worn a
+dress-coat, but he had none. The little jacket resembled one with the
+tails off, and, as he artfully donned his gown, he backed against the
+wall so that no one might know.
+
+To turn up the light on old college days is not always the signal for
+the dance. You are back in the dusty little lodging, with its battered
+sofa, its slippery tablecloth, the prim array of books, the picture of
+the death of Nelson, the peeling walls, the broken clock; you are
+again in the quadrangle with him who has been dead this many a year.
+There are tragedies in a college course. Dr. Walter Smith has told in a
+poem mentioned elsewhere of the brilliant scholar who forgot his
+dominie; some, alas! forget their mother. There are men--I know it--who
+go mad from loneliness; and medallists ere now have crept home to die.
+The capping-day was the end of our springtide, and for some of us the
+summer was to be brief. Sir Alexander, gone into the night since then,
+flung "I mekemae" at us as we trooped past him, all in bud, some small
+flower to blossom in time, let us hope, here and there.
+
+
+
+
+MR. JOSEPH THOMSON.
+
+
+
+
+IX.
+
+MR. JOSEPH THOMSON.
+
+
+Two years hence Joseph Thomson's reputation will be a decade old,
+though he is at present only thirty years of age. When you meet him for
+the first time you conclude that he must be the explorer's son. His
+identity, however, can always be proved by simply mentioning Africa in
+his presence. Then he draws himself up, and his eyes glisten, and he is
+thinking how glorious it would be to be in the Masai country again,
+living on meat so diseased that it crumbled in the hand like
+short-bread.
+
+Gatelaw-bridge Quarry, in Dumfriesshire, is famous for Old Mortality
+and Thomson, the latter (when he is at the head of a caravan) being as
+hardheaded as if he had been cut out of it. He went to school at
+Thornhill, where he spent great part of his time in reading novels, and
+then he matriculated at Edinburgh University, where he began to
+accumulate medals. Geology and kindred studies were his favorites
+there. One day he heard that Keith Johnston, then on the point of
+starting for Africa, wanted a lieutenant. Thomson was at that time
+equally in need of a Keith Johnston, and everybody who knew him saw
+that the opening and he were made for each other. Keith Johnston and
+Thomson went out together, and Johnston died in the jungle. This made a
+man in an hour of a stripling. Most youths in Thomson's position at
+that turning-point of his career would have thought it judicious to
+turn back, and in geographical circles it would have been considered
+highly creditable had he brought his caravan to the coast intact.
+Thomson, however, pushed on, and did everything that his dead leader
+had hoped to do. From that time his career has been followed by every
+one interested in African exploration, and by his countrymen with some
+pride in addition. When an expedition was organized for the relief of
+Emin Pacha, there was for a time some probability of Thomson's having
+the command.
+
+He and Stanley differed as to the routes that should be taken, and
+subsequent events have proved that Thomson's was the proper one.
+
+Thomson came over from Paris at that time to consult with the
+authorities, and took up his residence in the most overgrown hotel in
+London. His friends here organized an expedition for his relief. They
+wandered up and down the endless stairs looking for him, till, had they
+not wanted to make themselves a name, they would have beaten a retreat.
+He also wandered about looking for them, and at last they met. The
+leader of the party, restraining his emotion, lifted his hat, and said,
+"Mr. Thomson, I presume?" This is how I found Thomson.
+
+The explorer had been for some months in Paris at that time, and France
+did him the honor of translating his "Through Masailand" into French.
+In this book there is a picture of a buffalo tossing Thomson in the
+air. This was after he had put several bullets into it, and in the
+sketch he is represented some ten feet from the ground, with his gun
+flying one way and his cap another. "It was just as if I were
+distributing largess to the natives," the traveller says now, though
+this idea does not seem to have struck him at the time. He showed the
+sketch to a Parisian lady, who looked at it long and earnestly. "Ah, M.
+Thomson," she said at length, "but how could you pose like that?"
+
+Like a good many other travellers, including Mr. Du Chaillu, who says
+he is a dear boy, Thomson does not smoke. Stanley, however, smokes very
+strong cigars, as those who have been in his sumptuous chambers in Bond
+Street can testify. All the three happen to be bachelors, though;
+because, one of them says, after returning from years of lonely travel,
+a man has such a delight in female society that to pick and choose
+would be invidious. Yet they have had their chance. An African race
+once tried to bribe Mr. Du Chaillu with a kingdom and over eight
+hundred wives--"the biggest offer," he admits, "I ever had in one day."
+
+Among the lesser annoyances to which Thomson was subjected in Africa
+was the presence of rats in the night-time, which he had to brush away
+like flies. Until he was asked whether there was not danger in this, it
+never seems to have struck him that it was more than annoying. Yet
+though he and the two other travellers mentioned (doubtless they are
+not alone in this) have put up cheerfully with almost every hardship
+known to man, this does not make them indifferent to the comforts of
+civilization when they return home. Du Chaillu was looking very
+comfortable in a house-boat the other day, where his hosts thought they
+were "roughing it"--with a male attendant; and in Stanley's easy-chairs
+you sink to dream. The last time I saw Thomson in his rooms in London
+he was on his knees, gazing in silent rapture at a china saucer with a
+valuable crack in it.
+
+If you ask Thomson what was the most dangerous expedition he ever
+embarked on, he will probably reply, "Crossing Piccadilly." The finest
+thing that can be said of him is that during these four expeditions he
+never once fired a shot at a native. Other explorers have had to do so
+to save their lives. There were often occasions when Thomson could have
+done it, to save his life to all appearance, too. The result of his
+method of progressing is that where he has gone--and he has been in
+parts of Africa never before trod by the white man--he really has
+"opened up the country" for those who care to follow him. Civilization
+by bullet has only closed it elsewhere. Yet though there is an
+abundance of Scotch caution about him, he is naturally an impulsive
+man, more inclined personally to march straight on than to reach his
+destination by a safer if more circuitous route. Where only his own
+life is concerned, he gives you the impression of one who might be
+rash; but his prudence at the head of a caravan is at the bottom of the
+faith that is placed in him. According to a story that got into the
+papers years ago, M. de Brazza once quarrelled with Thomson in Africa,
+and all but struck him. Thomson was praised for keeping his temper. The
+story was a fabrication, but I fear that if M. de Brazza had behaved
+like this, Thomson would not have remembered to be diplomatic till
+some time afterward. A truer tale might be told of an umbrella,
+gorgeous and wonderful to behold, that De Brazza took to Africa to
+impress the natives with, and which Thomson subsequently presented to a
+dusky monarch.
+
+The explorer has never shot a lion, though he has tracked a good many
+of them. Once he thought he had one. It was reclining in a little
+grove, and Thomson felt that it was his at last. With a trusty native
+he crept forward till he could obtain a good shot, and then fired. In
+breathless suspense he waited for its spring, and then when it did not
+spring he saw that he had shot it through the heart. However, it turned
+out only to be a large stone.
+
+The young Scotchman sometimes thinks of the tremendous effect it would
+have had on the natives had he been the possessor of a complete set of
+artificial teeth. This is because he has one artificial tooth.
+Happening to take it out one day, an awe filled all who saw him, and
+from that hour he was esteemed a medicine man. Another excellent way of
+impressing Africa with the grandeur of Britain was to take a
+photograph. When the natives saw the camera aimed at them, they fell to
+the ground vanquished.
+
+When Thomson was recently in this country, he occasionally took a walk
+of twenty or thirty miles to give him an appetite for dinner. This he
+calls a stroll. One day he strolled from Thornhill to Edinburgh, had
+dinner, and then went to the Exhibition. In appearance he is tall and
+strongly knit rather than heavily built, and if you see him more than
+once in the same week you discover that he has still an interest in
+neck-ties. Perhaps his most remarkable feat consisted in taking a
+bottle of brandy into the heart of Africa, and bringing it back
+intact.
+
+
+
+
+ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.
+
+
+
+
+X.
+
+ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.
+
+
+Some men of letters, not necessarily the greatest, have an
+indescribable charm to which we give our hearts. Thackeray is the young
+man's first love. Of living authors, none perhaps bewitches the reader
+more than Mr. Stevenson, who plays upon words as if they were a musical
+instrument. To follow the music is less difficult than to place the
+musician. A friend of mine, who, like Mr. Grant Allen, reviews 365
+books a year, and 366 in leap years, recently arranged the novelists of
+to-day in order of merit. Meredith, of course, he wrote first, and then
+there was a fall to Hardy. "Haggard," he explained, "I dropped from the
+Eiffel Tower; but what can I do with Stevenson? I can't put him before
+'Lorna Doone.'" So Mr. Stevenson puzzles the critics, fascinating them
+until they are willing to judge him by the great work he is to write
+by and by when the little books are finished. Over "Treasure Island" I
+let my fire die in winter without knowing that I was freezing. But the
+creator of Alan Breck has now published nearly twenty volumes. It is so
+much easier to finish the little works than to begin the great one, for
+which we are all taking notes.
+
+Mr. Stevenson is not to be labelled novelist. He wanders the byways of
+literature without any fixed address. Too much of a truant to be
+classified with the other boys, he is only a writer of fiction in the
+sense that he was once an Edinburgh University student because now and
+again he looked in at his classes when he happened to be that way. A
+literary man without a fixed occupation amazes Mr. Henry James, a
+master in the school of fiction which tells, in three volumes, how
+Hiram K. Wilding trod on the skirt of Alice M. Sparkins without
+anything's coming of it. Mr. James analyzes Mr. Stevenson with immense
+cleverness, but without summing up. That "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"
+should be by the author of "Treasure Island," "Virginibus Puerisque"
+by the author of "The New Arabian Nights," "A Child's Garden of Verses"
+by the author of "Prince Otto," are to him the three degrees of
+comparison of wonder, though for my own part I marvel more that the
+author of "Daisy Miller" should be Mr. Stevenson's eulogist. One
+conceives Mr. James a boy in velveteens looking fearfully at Stevenson
+playing at pirates.
+
+There is nothing in Mr. Stevenson's sometimes writing essays, sometimes
+romances, and anon poems to mark him versatile beyond other authors.
+One dreads his continuing to do so, with so many books at his back,
+lest it means weakness rather than strength. He experiments too long;
+he is still a boy wondering what he is going to be. With Cowley's
+candor he tells us that he wants to write something by which he may be
+forever known. His attempts in this direction have been in the nature
+of trying different ways, and he always starts off whistling. Having
+gone so far without losing himself, he turns back to try another road.
+Does his heart fail him, despite his jaunty bearing, or is it because
+there is no hurry? Though all his books are obviously by the same hand,
+no living writer has come so near fame from so many different sides.
+Where is the man among us who could write another "Virginibus
+Puerisque," the most delightful volume for the hammock ever sung in
+prose? The poems are as exquisite as they are artificial. "Jekyll and
+Hyde" is the greatest triumph extant in Christmas literature of the
+morbid kind. The donkey on the Cevennes (how Mr. Stevenson belabored
+him!) only stands second to the "Inland Voyage." "Kidnapped" is the
+outstanding boy's book of its generation. "The Black Arrow" alone, to
+my thinking, is second class. We shall all be doleful if a marksman who
+can pepper his target with inners does not reach the bull's-eye. But it
+is quite time the great work was begun. The sun sinks while the climber
+walks round his mountain, looking for the best way up.
+
+Hard necessity has kept some great writers from doing their best work,
+but Mr. Stevenson is at last so firmly established that if he
+continues to be versatile it will only be from choice. He has attained
+a popularity such as is, as a rule, only accorded to classic authors or
+to charlatans. For this he has America to thank rather than Britain,
+for the Americans buy his books, the only honor a writer's admirers are
+slow to pay him. Mr. Stevenson's reputation in the United States is
+creditable to that country, which has given him a position here in
+which only a few saw him when he left. Unfortunately, with popularity
+has come publicity. All day the reporters sit on his garden wall.
+
+No man has written in a finer spirit of the profession of letters than
+Mr. Stevenson, but this gossip vulgarizes it. The adulation of the
+American public and of a little band of clever literary dandies in
+London, great in criticism, of whom he has become the darling, has made
+Mr. Stevenson complacent, and he always tended perhaps to be a thought
+too fond of his velvet coat. There is danger in the delight with which
+his every scrap is now received. A few years ago, when he was his own
+severest and sanest critic, he stopped the publication of a book after
+it was in proof--a brave act. He has lost this courage, or he would
+have rewritten "The Black Arrow." There is deterioration in the essays
+he has been contributing to an American magazine, graceful and
+suggestive though they are. The most charming of living stylists, Mr.
+Stevenson is self-conscious in all his books now and again, but
+hitherto it has been the self-consciousness of an artist with severe
+critics at his shoulder. It has become self-satisfaction. The critics
+have put a giant's robe on him, and he has not flung it off. He
+dismisses "Tom Jones" with a simper. Personally Thackeray "scarce
+appeals to us as the ideal gentleman; if there were nothing else [what
+else is there?], perpetual nosing after snobbery at least suggests the
+snob." From Mr. Stevenson one would not have expected the revival of
+this silly charge, which makes a cabbage of every man who writes about
+cabbages. I shall say no more of these ill-considered papers, though
+the sneers at Fielding call for indignant remonstrance, beyond
+expressing a hope that they lie buried between magazine covers. Mr.
+Stevenson has reached the critical point in his career, and one would
+like to see him back at Bournemouth, writing within high walls. We want
+that big book; we think he is capable of it, and so we cannot afford to
+let him drift into the seaweed. About the writer with whom his name is
+so often absurdly linked we feel differently. It is as foolish to rail
+at Mr. Rider Haggard's complacency as it would be to blame Christopher
+Sly for so quickly believing that he was born a lord.
+
+The key-note of all Mr. Stevenson's writings is his indifference, so
+far as his books are concerned, to the affairs of life and death on
+which their minds are chiefly set. Whether man has an immortal soul
+interests him as an artist not a whit: what is to come of man troubles
+him as little as where man came from. He is a warm, genial writer, yet
+this is so strange as to seem inhuman. His philosophy is that we are
+but as the light-hearted birds. This is our moment of being; let us
+play the intoxicating game of life beautifully, artistically, before we
+fall dead from the tree. We all know it is only in his books that Mr.
+Stevenson can live this life. The cry is to arms; spears glisten in the
+sun; see the brave bark riding joyously on the waves, the black flag,
+the dash of red color twisting round a mountain-side. Alas! the drummer
+lies on a couch beating his drum. It is a pathetic picture, less true
+to fact now, one rejoices to know, than it was recently. A common
+theory is that Mr. Stevenson dreams an ideal life to escape from his
+own sufferings. This sentimental plea suits very well. The noticeable
+thing, however, is that the grotesque, the uncanny, holds his soul; his
+brain will only follow a colored clew. The result is that he is chiefly
+picturesque, and, to those who want more than art for art's sake, never
+satisfying. Fascinating as his verses are, artless in the perfection of
+art, they take no reader a step forward. The children of whom he sings
+so sweetly are cherubs without souls. It is not in poetry that Mr.
+Stevenson will give the great book to the world, nor will it, I think,
+be in the form of essays. Of late he has done nothing quite so fine as
+"Virginibus Puerisque," though most of his essays are gardens in which
+grow few weeds. Quaint in matter as in treatment, they are the best
+strictly literary essays of the day, and their mixture of tenderness
+with humor suggests Charles Lamb. Some think Mr. Stevenson's essays
+equal to Lamb's, or greater. To that I say, no. The name of Lamb will
+for many a year bring proud tears to English eyes. Here was a man, weak
+like the rest of us, who kept his sorrows to himself. Life to him was
+not among the trees. He had loved and lost. Grief laid a heavy hand on
+his brave brow. Dark were his nights; horrid shadows in the house;
+sudden terrors; the heart stops beating waiting for a footstep. At that
+door comes Tragedy, knocking at all hours. Was Lamb dismayed? The
+tragedy of his life was not drear to him. It was wound round those who
+were dearest to him; it let him know that life has a glory even at its
+saddest, that humor and pathos clasp hands, that loved ones are drawn
+nearer, and the soul strengthened in the presence of anguish, pain, and
+death. When Lamb sat down to write, he did not pull down his blind on
+all that is greatest, if most awful, in human life. He was gentle,
+kindly; but he did not play at pretending that there is no cemetery
+round the corner. In Mr. Stevenson's exquisite essays one looks in vain
+for the great heart that palpitates through the pages of Charles Lamb.
+
+The great work, if we are not to be disappointed, will be fiction. Mr.
+Stevenson is said to feel this himself, and, as I understand, "Harry
+Shovel" will be his biggest bid for fame. It is to be, broadly
+speaking, a nineteenth-century "Peregrine Pickle," dashed with
+Meredith, and this in the teeth of many admirers who maintain that the
+best of the author is Scottish. Mr. Stevenson, however, knows what he
+is about. Critics have said enthusiastically--for it is difficult to
+write of Mr. Stevenson without enthusiasm--that Alan Breck is as good
+as anything in Scott. Alan Breck is certainly a masterpiece, quite
+worthy of the greatest of all story-tellers, who, nevertheless, it
+should be remembered, created these rich side characters by the score,
+another before dinner-time. English critics have taken Alan to their
+hearts, and appreciate him thoroughly; the reason, no doubt, being that
+he is the character whom England acknowledges as the Scottish type. The
+Highlands, which are Scotland to the same extent as Northumberland is
+England, present such a character to this day, but no deep knowledge of
+Mr. Stevenson's native country was required to reproduce him. An
+artistic Englishman or American could have done it. Scottish religion,
+I think, Mr. Stevenson has never understood, except as the outsider
+misunderstands it. He thinks it hard because there are no colored
+windows. "The color of Scotland has entered into him altogether," says
+Mr. James, who, we gather, conceives in Edinburgh Castle a place where
+tartans glisten in the sun, while rocks re-echo bagpipes. Mr. James is
+right in a way. It is the tartan, the claymore, the cry that the
+heather is on fire, that are Scotland to Mr. Stevenson. But the
+Scotland of our day is not a country rich in color; a sombre gray
+prevails. Thus, though Mr. Stevenson's best romance is Scottish, that
+is only, I think, because of his extraordinary aptitude for the
+picturesque. Give him any period in any country that is romantic, and
+he will soon steep himself in the kind of knowledge he can best turn to
+account. Adventures suit him best, the ladies being left behind; and so
+long as he is in fettle it matters little whether the scene be Scotland
+or Spain. The great thing is that he should now give to one ambitious
+book the time in which he has hitherto written half a dozen small ones.
+He will have to take existence a little more seriously--to weave
+broadcloth instead of lace.
+
+
+
+
+REV. WALTER C. SMITH, D.D.
+
+
+
+
+XI.
+
+REV. WALTER C. SMITH, D.D.
+
+
+During the four winters another and I were in Edinburgh, we never
+entered any but Free churches. This seems to have been less on account
+of a scorn for other denominations than because we never thought of
+them. We felt sorry for the "men" who knew no better than to claim to
+be on the side of Dr. Macgregor. Even our Free kirks were limited to
+two, St. George's and the Free High. After all, we must have been
+liberally minded beyond most of our fellows, for, as a rule, those who
+frequented one of these churches shook their heads at the other. It is
+said that Dr. Whyte and Dr. Smith have a great appreciation of each
+other. They, too, are liberally minded.
+
+To contrast the two leading Free Church ministers in Edinburgh as they
+struck a student would be to become a boy again. The one is always
+ready to go on fire, and the other is sometimes at hand with a jug of
+cold water. Dr. Smith counts a hundred before he starts, while the
+minister of Free St. George's is off at once at a gallop, and would
+always arrive first at his destination if he had not sometimes to turn
+back. He is not only a Gladstonian, but Gladstonian; his enthusiasm
+carries him on as steam drives the engine. Dr. Smith being a critic,
+with a faculty of satire, what would rouse the one man makes the other
+smile. Dr. Whyte judges you as you are at the moment; Dr. Smith sees
+what you will be like to-morrow. Some years ago the defeated side in a
+great Assembly fight met at a breakfast to reason itself into a belief
+that it had gained a remarkable moral victory. Dr. Whyte and Dr. Smith
+were both present, and the former was so inspiriting that the breakfast
+became a scene of enthusiasm. Then Dr. Smith arose and made a remark
+about a company of Mark Tapleys--after which the meeting broke up.
+
+I have a curious reminiscence of the student who most frequently
+accompanied me to church in Edinburgh. One Sunday when we were on our
+way up slushy Bath Street to Free St. George's he discovered that he
+had not a penny for the plate. I suggested to him to give twopence next
+time; but no, he turned back to our lodgings for the penny. Some time
+afterward he found himself in the same position when we were nearing
+the Free High. "I'll give twopence next time," he said cheerfully. I
+have thought this over since then, and wondered if there was anything
+in it.
+
+The most glorious privilege of the old is to assist the young. The two
+ministers who are among the chief pillars of the Free Church in
+Edinburgh are not old yet, but they have had a long experience, and the
+strength and encouragement they have been to the young is the grand
+outstanding fact of their ministries. Their influence is, of course,
+chiefly noticeable in the divinity men, who make their Bible classes so
+remarkable. There is a sort of Freemasonry among the men who have come
+under the influence of Dr. Smith. It seems to have steadied them--to
+have given them wise rules of life that have taken the noise out of
+them, and left them undemonstrative, quiet, determined. You will have
+little difficulty, as a rule, in picking out Dr. Smith's men, whether
+in the pulpit or in private. They have his mark, as the Rugby boys were
+marked by Dr. Arnold. Even in speaking of him, they seldom talk in
+superlatives: only a light comes into their eye, and you realize what a
+well-founded reverence is. I met lately in London an Irishman who, when
+the conversation turned to Scotland, asked what Edinburgh was doing
+without Dr. Smith (who was in America at the time). He talked with such
+obvious knowledge of Dr. Smith's teaching, and with such affection for
+the man, that by and by we were surprised to hear that he had never
+heard him preach nor read a line of his works. He explained that he
+knew intimately two men who looked upon their Sundays in the Free High,
+and still more upon their private talks with the minister, as the
+turning-point in their lives. They were such fine fellows, and they
+were so sure that they owed their development to Dr. Smith, that to
+know the followers was to know something of the master. This it is to
+be a touchstone to young men.
+
+There are those who think Dr. Smith the poet of higher account than Dr.
+Smith the preacher. I do not agree with them, though there can be no
+question that the author of "Olrig Grange" and Mr. Alexander Anderson
+are the two men now in Edinburgh who have (at times) the divine
+afflatus. "Surfaceman" is a true son of Burns. Of him it may be said,
+as it never can be said of Dr. Smith, that he sings because he must.
+His thoughts run in harmonious numbers. The author of "Olrig Grange" is
+the stronger mind, however, and his lines are always pregnant of
+meaning. He is of the school of Mr. Lewis Morris, but an immeasurably
+higher intellect if not so fine an artist: indeed, though there are
+hundreds of his pages that are not poetry, there are almost none that
+could not be rewritten into weighty prose. Sound is never his sole
+object. Good novels in verse are a mistake, for it is quite certain
+they would be better in prose. The novelist has a great deal to say
+that cannot be said naturally in rhythm, and much of Dr. Smith's blank
+verse is good prose in frills. It is driven into an undeserved
+confinement.
+
+The privilege of critics is to get twelve or twenty minor poets in a
+row, and then blow them all over at once. I remember one who despatched
+Dr. Smith with a verse from the book under treatment. Dr. Smith writes
+of a poet's verses, "There is no sacred fire in them, Nor much of
+homely sense and shrewd;" and when the critic came to these lines he
+stopped reading: he declared that Dr. Smith had passed judgment on
+himself. This is a familiar form of criticism, but in the present case
+it had at least the demerit of being false. There is so much sacred
+fire about Dr. Smith's best poetry that it is what makes him a poet;
+and as for "homely sense and shrewd," he has simply more of it than any
+contemporary writer of verse. It is what gives heart to his satire, and
+keeps him from wounding merely for the pleasure of drawing blood. In
+conjunction with the sacred fire, the noble indignation that mean
+things should be, the insight into the tragic, it is what makes "Hilda"
+his greatest poem. Without it there could not be pathos, which is
+concerned with little things; nor humor, nor, indeed, the flash into
+men and things that makes such a poem as "Dr. Linkletter's Scholar" as
+true as life, as sad as death. If only for the sake of that noble piece
+of writing, every Scottish student should have "North-Country Folk" in
+his possession. The poem is probably the most noteworthy thing that has
+been said of northern university life.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+Minor punctuation errors were corrected.
+
+The following typographical errors were corrected:
+
+Page 50: Changed Calderwod to Calderwood.
+
+Page 111: Changed civiliaztion to civilization.
+
+Page 128: Changed litle to little.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 39203-8.txt or 39203-8.zip *******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/9/2/0/39203
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://www.gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
diff --git a/39203-8.zip b/39203-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f3ef14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/39203-8.zip
diff --git a/39203-h.zip b/39203-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d7c7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/39203-h.zip
diff --git a/39203-h/39203-h.htm b/39203-h/39203-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c1a998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/39203-h/39203-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,3171 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Edinburgh Eleven, by J. M. Barrie</title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+body {
+    margin-left: 10%;
+    margin-right: 10%;
+}
+
+    h1,h2,h4 {
+    text-align: center;
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+p {
+    margin-top: .75em;
+    text-align: justify;
+    margin-bottom: .75em;
+}
+
+p.title { text-align: center; text-indent: 0;
+          font-weight: bold;
+          line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 3em; }
+
+hr {
+    width: 33%;
+    margin-top: 2em;
+    margin-bottom: 2em;
+    margin-left: auto;
+    margin-right: auto;
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+hr.chap {width: 65%}
+hr.full {width: 95%;}
+
+table {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    margin-right: auto;
+}
+
+.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */
+    /*  visibility: hidden;  */
+    position: absolute;
+    left: 92%;
+    font-size: smaller;
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+.center   {text-align: center;}
+
+.smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+
+.poem {
+    margin-left:10%;
+    margin-right:10%;
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.poem br {display: none;}
+
+.poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+
+.poem span.i0 {
+    display: block;
+    margin-left: 0em;
+    padding-left: 3em;
+    text-indent: -3em;
+}
+
+.poem span.i2 {
+    display: block;
+    margin-left: 2em;
+    padding-left: 3em;
+    text-indent: -3em;
+}
+
+.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA;
+    color: black;
+     font-size:smaller;
+     padding:0.5em;
+     margin-bottom:5em;
+     font-family:sans-serif, serif; }
+
+    hr.pg   { width: 100%;
+              margin-top: 3em;
+              margin-bottom: 0em;
+              margin-left: auto;
+              margin-right: auto;
+              height: 4px;
+              border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */
+              border-style: solid;
+              border-color: #000000;
+              clear: both; }
+    pre      {font-size: 85%;}
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, An Edinburgh Eleven, by J. M. Barrie</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: An Edinburgh Eleven</p>
+<p>       Pencil Portraits from College Life</p>
+<p>Author: J. M. Barrie</p>
+<p>Release Date: March 19, 2012  [eBook #39203]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>E-text prepared by David Edwards, Diane Monico,<br />
+    and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br />
+    from page images generously made available by<br />
+    Internet Archive<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.archive.org">http://www.archive.org</a>)</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10">
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top">
+      Note:
+    </td>
+    <td>
+      Images of the original pages are available through
+      Internet Archive. See
+      <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/edinburghelevenp00barrrich">
+      http://www.archive.org/details/edinburghelevenp00barrrich</a>
+	</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="pg" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1>AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN</h1>
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+
+
+<h1>
+AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN</h1>
+
+<h2>PENCIL PORTRAITS FROM<br />
+COLLEGE LIFE</h2>
+
+<p class="title"><small>BY</small><br />
+
+<big>J. M. BARRIE</big><br />
+<br />
+<small>AUTHOR OF<br />
+
+"THE LITTLE MINISTER," "A WINDOW IN THRUMS," "WHEN A MAN'S<br />
+SINGLE," "AULD LICHT IDYLLS," ETC.</small><br />
+<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
+NEW YORK<br />
+
+<big>LOVELL, CORYELL &amp; COMPANY</big><br />
+<small><span class="smcap">5 and 7 East Sixteenth Street</span></small><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="center">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="toc">
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="right"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">I. <span class="smcap">Lord Rosebery</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">II. <span class="smcap">Professor Masson</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">III. <span class="smcap">Professor Blackie</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">IV. <span class="smcap">Professor Calderwood</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">V. <span class="smcap">Professor Tait</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">VI. <span class="smcap">Professor Fraser</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">VII. <span class="smcap">Professor Chrystal</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">VIII. <span class="smcap">Professor Sellar</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">IX. <span class="smcap">Mr. Joseph Thomson</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">X. <span class="smcap">Robert Louis Stevenson</span>,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_115">115</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">XI. <span class="smcap">Rev. Walter C. Smith</span>, D.D.,</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="LORD_ROSEBERY" id="LORD_ROSEBERY"></a>LORD ROSEBERY.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="I" id="I"></a>I.<br /><br />
+
+LORD ROSEBERY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The first time I ever saw Lord Rosebery was
+in Edinburgh when I was a student, and I flung
+a clod of earth at him. He was a peer; those
+were my politics.</p>
+
+<p>I missed him, and I have heard a good many
+journalists say since then that he is a difficult
+man to hit. One who began by liking him and
+is now scornful, which is just the reverse process
+from mine, told me the reason why. He
+had some brochures to write on the Liberal
+leaders, and got on nicely till he reached Lord
+Rosebery, where he stuck. In vain he walked
+round his lordship, looking for an opening.
+The man was naturally indignant; he is the
+father of a family.</p>
+
+<p>Lord Rosebery is forty-one years of age, and
+has missed many opportunities of becoming the
+bosom friend of Lord Randolph Churchill.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+They were at Eton together and at Oxford, and
+have met since. As a boy, the Liberal played
+at horses, and the Tory at running off with
+other boys' caps. Lord Randolph was the more
+distinguished at the university. One day a
+proctor ran him down in the streets smoking in
+his cap and gown. The undergraduate remarked
+on the changeability of the weather,
+but the proctor, gasping at such bravado, demanded
+his name and college. Lord Randolph
+failed to turn up next day at St. Edmund Hall
+to be lectured, but strolled to the proctor's
+house about dinner-time. "Does a fellow, name
+of Moore, live here?" he asked. The footman
+contrived not to faint. "He do," he replied,
+severely; "but he are at dinner." "Ah! take
+him in my card," said the unabashed caller.
+The Merton books tell that for this the noble
+lord was fined ten pounds.</p>
+
+<p>There was a time when Lord Rosebery would
+have reformed the House of Lords to a site
+nearer Newmarket. As politics took a firmer
+grip of him, it was Newmarket that seemed a
+long way off. One day at Edinburgh he realized<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+the disadvantage of owning swift horses.
+His brougham had met him at Waverley Station
+to take him to Dalmeny. Lord Rosebery
+opened the door of the carriage to put in some
+papers, and then turned away. The coachman,
+too well bred to look round, heard the door
+shut, and, thinking that his master was inside,
+set off at once. Pursuit was attempted, but
+what was there in Edinburgh streets to make
+up on those horses? The coachman drove seven
+miles, until he reached a point in the Dalmeny
+parks where it was his lordship's custom to
+alight and open a gate. Here the brougham
+stood for some minutes, awaiting Lord Rosebery's
+convenience. At last the coachman became
+uneasy and dismounted. His brain reeled
+when he saw an empty brougham. He could
+have sworn to seeing his lordship enter. There
+were his papers. What had happened? With
+a quaking hand the horses were turned, and,
+driving back, the coachman looked fearfully
+along the sides of the road. He met Lord Rosebery
+travelling in great good humor by the
+luggage omnibus.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Whatever is to be Lord Rosebery's future,
+he has reached that stage in a statesman's career
+when his opponents cease to question his capacity.
+His speeches showed him long ago a
+man of brilliant parts. His tenure of the Foreign
+Office proved him heavy metal. Were the
+Gladstonians to return to power, the other
+Cabinet posts might go anywhere, but the Foreign
+Secretary is arranged for. Where his predecessors
+had clouded their meaning in words
+till it was as wrapped up as a Mussulman's
+head, Lord Rosebery's were the straightforward
+despatches of a man with his mind made
+up. German influence was spoken of; Count
+Herbert Bismarck had been seen shooting Lord
+Rosebery's partridges. This was the evidence:
+there has never been any other, except that
+German methods commended themselves to the
+minister rather than those of France. His relations
+with the French government were cordial.
+"The talk of Bismarck's shadow behind
+Rosebery," a great French politician said lately,
+"I put aside with a smile; but how about the
+Jews?" Probably few persons realize what a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>
+power the Jews are in Europe, and in Lord
+Rosebery's position he is a strong man if he
+holds his own with them. Any fears on that
+ground have, I should say, been laid by his
+record at the Foreign Office.</p>
+
+<p>Lord Rosebery had once a conversation with
+Prince Bismarck, to which, owing to some oversight,
+the Paris correspondent of the <i>Times</i>
+was not invited. M. Blowitz only smiled good-naturedly,
+and of course his report of the proceedings
+appeared all the same. Some time
+afterward Lord Rosebery was introduced to
+this remarkable man, who, as is well known,
+carries Cabinet appointments in his pocket,
+and complimented him on his report. "Ah, it
+was all right, was it?" asked Blowitz, beaming.
+Lord Rosebery explained that any fault it had
+was that it was all wrong. "Then if Bismarck
+did not say that to you," said Blowitz, regally,
+"I know he intended to say it."</p>
+
+<p>The "Uncrowned King of Scotland" is a title
+that has been made for Lord Rosebery, whose
+country has had faith in him from the beginning.
+Mr. Gladstone is the only other man<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>
+who can make so many Scotsmen take politics
+as if it were the Highland Fling. Once when
+Lord Rosebery was firing an Edinburgh audience
+to the delirium point, an old man in the
+hall shouted out, "I dinna hear a word he says,
+but it's grand, it's grand!" During the first
+Midlothian campaign Mr. Gladstone and Lord
+Rosebery were the father and son of the Scottish
+people. Lord Rosebery rode into fame on
+the top of that wave, and he has kept his place
+in the hearts of the people, and in oleographs
+on their walls, ever since. In all Scottish matters
+he has the enthusiasm of a Burns dinner,
+and his humor enables him to pay compliments.
+When he says agreeable things to Scotsmen
+about their country, there is a twinkle in his
+eye and in theirs to which English scribes cannot
+give a meaning. He has unveiled so many
+Burns statues that an American lecturess explains:
+"Curious thing, but I feel somehow I
+am connected with Lord Rosebery. I go to a
+place and deliver a lecture on Burns; they collect
+subscriptions for a statue, and he unveils
+it." Such is the delight of the Scottish students<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+in Lord Rosebery that he may be said to
+have made the triumphal tour of the northern
+universities as their lord-rector; he lost the
+post in Glasgow lately through a quibble, but
+had the honor with the votes. His address to
+the Edinburgh undergraduates on "Patriotism"
+was the best thing he ever did outside politics,
+and made the students his for life. Some of
+them had smuggled into the hall a chair with
+"Gaelic chair" placarded on it, and the lord-rector
+unwittingly played into their hands.
+In a noble peroration he exhorted his hearers
+to high aims in life. "Raise your country," he
+exclaimed [cheers]; "raise yourselves [renewed
+cheering]; raise your university [thunders of
+applause]." From the back of the hall came a
+solemn voice, "Raise the chair!" Up went the
+Gaelic chair.</p>
+
+<p>Even Lord Rosebery's views on imperial federation
+can become a compliment to Scotland.
+Having been all over the world himself, and
+felt how he grew on his travels, Lord Rosebery
+maintains that every British statesman
+should visit India and the colonies. He said<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
+that first at a semi-public dinner in the country&mdash;and
+here I may mention that on such occasions
+he has begun his speeches less frequently
+than any other prominent politician with a
+statement that others could be got to discharge
+the duty better; in other words, he has several
+times omitted this introduction. On his return
+to London he was told that his colleagues in
+the Administration had been seeing how his
+scheme would work out. "We found that if
+your rule were enforced, the Cabinet would consist
+of yourself and Childers." "This would be
+an ideal cabinet," Lord Rosebery subsequently
+remarked in Edinburgh, "for it would be entirely
+Scottish," Mr. Childers being member
+for a Scottish constituency.</p>
+
+<p>The present unhappy division of the Liberal
+party has made enemies of friends for no leading
+man so little as for Lord Rosebery. There
+are forces working against him, no doubt, in
+comparatively high places, but the Unionists
+have kept their respect for him. His views
+may be wrong, but he is about the only Liberal
+leader, with the noble exception of Lord Hartington,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
+of whom troublous times have not rasped
+the temper. Though a great reader, he is not
+a literary man like Mr. Morley, who would, however,
+be making phrases where Lord Rosebery
+would make laws. Sir William Harcourt has
+been spoken of as a possible prime minister,
+but surely it will never come to that. If Mr.
+Gladstone's successor is chosen from those who
+have followed him on the home-rule question,
+he probably was not rash in himself naming
+Lord Rosebery.</p>
+
+<p>Lord Rosebery could not now step up without
+stepping into the premiership. His humor,
+which is his most obvious faculty, has been a
+prop to him many a time ere now, but, if I was
+his adviser, I should tell him that it has served
+its purpose. There are a great many excellent
+people who shake their heads over it in a man
+who has become a power in the land. "Let us
+be grave," said Dr. Johnson once to a merry
+companion, "for here comes a fool." In an unknown
+novel there is a character who says of
+himself that "he is not stupid enough ever to
+be a great man." I happen to know that this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
+reflection was evolved by the author out of
+thinking over Lord Rosebery. It is not easy
+for a bright man to be heavy, and Lord Rosebery's
+humor is so spontaneous that if a joke is
+made in their company he has always finished
+laughing before Lord Hartington begins. Perhaps
+when Lord Rosebery is on the point of
+letting his humor run off with him in a public
+speech, he could recover his solemnity by thinking
+of the <i>Examiner</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="PROFESSOR_MASSON" id="PROFESSOR_MASSON"></a>PROFESSOR MASSON.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="II" id="II"></a>II.<br /><br />
+
+PROFESSOR MASSON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Though a man might, to my mind, be better
+employed than in going to college, it is his own
+fault if he does not strike on some one there
+who sends his life off at a new angle. If, as I
+take it, the glory of a professor is to give elastic
+minds their proper bent, Masson is a name
+his country will retain a grip of. There are
+men who are good to think of, and as a rule we
+only know them from their books. Something
+of our pride in life would go with their fall.
+To have one such professor at a time is the
+most a university can hope of human nature; so
+Edinburgh need not expect another just yet.
+These, of course, are only to be taken as the
+reminiscences of a student. I seem to remember
+everything Masson said, and the way he
+said it.</p>
+
+<p>Having, immediately before taken lodgings in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+a crow's nest, my first sight of Masson was
+specially impressive. It was the opening of
+the session, when fees were paid, and a whisper
+ran round the quadrangle that Masson had
+set off home with three hundred one-pound
+notes stuffed into his trouser pockets. There
+was a solemn swell of awestruck students to
+the gates, and some of us could not help following
+him. He took his pockets coolly. When
+he stopped it was at a second-hand bookstall,
+where he rummaged for a long time. Eventually
+he pounced upon a dusty, draggled little
+volume, and went off proudly with it beneath
+his arm. He seemed to look suspiciously at
+strangers now, but it was not the money but
+the book he was keeping guard over. His
+pockets, however, were unmistakably bulging
+out. I resolved to go in for literature.</p>
+
+<p>Masson, however, always comes to my memory
+first knocking nails into his desk or trying
+to tear the gas-bracket from its socket. He
+said that the Danes scattered over England,
+taking such a hold as a nail takes when it is
+driven into wood. For the moment he saw his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>
+desk turned into England; he whirled an invisible
+hammer in the air, and down it came on
+the desk with a crash. No one who has sat
+under Masson can forget how the Danes nailed
+themselves upon England. His desk is thick
+with their tombstones. It was when his mind
+groped for an image that he clutched the
+bracket. He seemed to tear his good things
+out of it. Silence overcame the class. Some
+were fascinated by the man; others trembled
+for the bracket. It shook, groaned, and yielded.
+Masson said another of the things that made
+his lectures literature; the crisis was passed;
+and everybody breathed again.</p>
+
+<p>He masters a subject by letting it master
+him; for though his critical reputation is built
+on honesty, it is his enthusiasm that makes his
+work warm with life. Sometimes he entered
+the class-room so full of what he had to say that
+he began before he reached his desk. If he
+was in the middle of a peroration when the bell
+rang, even the back benches forgot to empty.
+There were the inevitable students to whom
+literature is a trial, and sometimes they call attention<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>
+to their sufferings by a scraping of the
+feet. Then the professor tried to fix his eyeglass
+on them, and when it worked properly
+they were transfixed. As a rule, however, it
+required so many adjustments that by the time
+his eye took hold of it he had remembered that
+students were made so, and his indignation
+went. Then, with the light in his eye that
+some photographer ought to catch, he would
+hope that his lecture was not disturbing their
+conversation. It was characteristic of his passion
+for being just that, when he had criticised
+some writer severely he would remember that
+the back benches could not understand that
+criticism and admiration might go together,
+unless they were told so again.</p>
+
+<p>The test of a sensitive man is that he is careful
+of wounding the feelings of others. Once,
+I remember, a student was reading a passage
+aloud, assuming at the same time such an attitude
+that the professor could not help remarking
+that he looked like a teapot. It was
+exactly what he did look like, and the class
+applauded. But next moment Masson had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
+apologized for being personal. Such reminiscences
+are what make the old literature class-room
+to thousands of graduates a delight to
+think of.</p>
+
+<p>When the news of Carlyle's death reached
+the room, Masson could not go on with his lecture.
+Every one knows what Carlyle has said
+of him; and no one who has heard it will ever
+forget what he has said of Carlyle. Here were
+two men who understood each other. One of
+the Carlylean pictures one loves to dwell on
+shows them smoking together, with nothing
+breaking the pauses but Mrs. Carlyle's needles.
+Carlyle told Masson how he gave up smoking
+and then took to it again. He had walked
+from Dumfriesshire to Edinburgh to consult a
+doctor about his health, and was advised to
+lose his pipe. He smoked no more, but his
+health did not improve, and then one day he
+walked in a wood. At the foot of a tree lay a
+pipe, a tobacco pouch, a match-box. He saw
+clearly that this was a case of Providential
+interference, and from that moment he smoked
+again. There the professor's story stops. I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span>
+have no doubt, though, that he nodded his
+head when Carlyle explained what the pipe
+and tobacco were doing there. Masson's "Milton"
+is, of course, his great work, but for sympathetic
+analysis I know nothing to surpass
+his "Chatterton." Lecturing on Chatterton one
+day, he remarked, with a slight hesitation, that
+had the poet mixed a little more in company
+and&mdash;and smoked, his morbidness would not
+have poisoned him. That turned my thoughts
+to smoking, because I meant to be a Chatterton,
+but greater. Since then the professor has
+warned me against smoking too much. He
+was smoking at the time.</p>
+
+<p>This is no place to follow Masson's career,
+nor to discuss his work. To reach his position
+one ought to know his definition of a man of
+letters. It is curious, and, like most of his departures
+from the generally accepted, sticks to
+the memory. By a man of letters he does not
+mean the poet, for instance, who is all soul, so
+much as the strong-brained writer whose guardian
+angel is a fine sanity. He used to mention
+John Skelton, the Wolsey satirist, and Sir<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+David Lindsay, as typical men of letters from
+this point of view, and it is as a man of letters
+of that class that Masson is best considered.
+In an age of many whipper-snappers in criticism,
+he is something of a Gulliver.</p>
+
+<p>The students in that class liked to see their
+professor as well as hear him. I let my hair
+grow long because it only annoyed other people,
+and one day there was dropped into my
+hand a note containing sixpence and the words:
+"The students sitting behind you present their
+compliments, and beg that you will get your
+hair cut with the enclosed, as it interferes with
+their view of the professor."</p>
+
+<p>Masson, when he edited <i>Macmillan's</i>, had
+all the best men round him. His talk of Thackeray
+is specially interesting, but he always holds
+that in conversation Douglas Jerrold was unapproachable.
+Jerrold told him a good story of
+his seafaring days. His ship was lying off
+Gibraltar, and for some hours Jerrold, though
+only a midshipman, was left in charge. Some
+of the sailors begged to get ashore, and he let
+them, on the promise that they would bring<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+him back some oranges. One of them disappeared,
+and the midshipman suffered for it.
+More than twenty years afterward Jerrold
+was looking in at a window in the Strand when
+he seemed to know the face of a weatherbeaten
+man who was doing the same thing. Suddenly
+he remembered, and put his hand on the other's
+shoulder. "My man," he said, "you have been
+a long time with those oranges!" The sailor
+recognized him, turned white, and took to his
+heels. There is, too, the story of how Dickens
+and Jerrold made up their quarrel at the Garrick
+Club. It was the occasion on which Masson
+first met the author of "Pickwick." Dickens
+and Jerrold had not spoken for a year, and
+they both happened to have friends at dinner
+in the strangers' room, Masson being Jerrold's
+guest. The two hosts sat back to back, but
+did not address each other, though the conversation
+was general. At last Jerrold could stand
+it no longer. Turning, he exclaimed, "Charley,
+my boy, how are you?" Dickens wheeled
+round and grasped his hand.</p>
+
+<p>Many persons must have noticed that, in appearance,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
+Masson is becoming more and more
+like Carlyle every year. How would you account
+for it? It is a thing his old students
+often discuss when they meet, especially those
+of them who, when at college, made up their
+minds to dedicate their first book to him. The
+reason they seldom do it is because the book
+does not seem good enough.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="PROFESSOR_JOHN_STUART_BLACKIE" id="PROFESSOR_JOHN_STUART_BLACKIE"></a>PROFESSOR JOHN STUART BLACKIE.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="III" id="III"></a>III.<br /><br />
+
+PROFESSOR JOHN STUART BLACKIE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Lately I was told that Blackie&mdash;one does
+not say Mr. Cromwell&mdash;is no longer professor
+of Greek in Edinburgh University. What
+nonsense some people talk! As if Blackie were
+not part of the building! In his class one day
+he spoke touchingly of the time when he would
+have to join Socrates in the Elysian fields. A
+student cheered&mdash;no one knows why. "It
+won't be for some time yet," added John
+Stuart.</p>
+
+<p>Blackie takes his ease at home, in a dressing-gown
+and straw hat. This shows that his plaid
+really does come off. "My occupation nowadays,"
+he said to me recently, "is business,
+blethers, bothers, beggars, and backgammon."
+He has also started a profession of going to public
+meetings, and hurrying home to write letters
+to the newspapers about them. When the editor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>
+shakes the manuscript, a sonnet falls out. I
+think I remember the professor's saying that
+he had never made five shillings by his verses.
+To my mind they are worth more than that.</p>
+
+<p>Though he has explained them frequently,
+there is still confusion about Blackie's politics.
+At Manchester they thought he was a Tory,
+and invited him to address them, on that understanding.
+"I fancy I astonished them," the
+professor said to me. This is quite possible.
+Then he was mistaken for a Liberal. The fact is
+that Blackie is a philosopher, who follows the
+golden mean. He sees this himself. A philosopher
+who follows the golden mean is thus a
+man who runs zig-zag between two extremes.
+You will observe that he who does this is some
+time before he arrives anywhere.</p>
+
+<p>The professor has said that he has the strongest
+lungs in Scotland. Of the many compliments
+that might well be paid him, not the least
+worthy would be this: that he is as healthy
+mentally as physically. Mrs. Norton begins a
+novel with the remark that one of the finest
+sights conceivable is a well-preserved gentleman<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>
+of middle age. It will be some time yet before
+Blackie reaches middle age, but there must be
+something wrong with you if you can look at
+him without feeling refreshed. Did you ever
+watch him marching along Princes Street on a
+warm day, when every other person was broiling
+in the sun? His head is well thrown back,
+the staff, grasped in the middle, jerks back and
+forward like a weaver's shuttle, and the plaid
+flies in the breeze. Other people's clothes are
+hanging limp. Blackie carries his breeze with
+him.</p>
+
+<p>A year or two ago Mr. Gladstone, when at
+Dalmeny, pointed out that he had the advantage
+over Blackie in being of both Highland
+and Lowland extraction. The professor, however,
+is as Scotch as the thistle or his native
+hills, and Mr. Gladstone, quite justifiably, considers
+him the most outstanding of living
+Scotsmen. Blackie is not quite sure himself.
+Not long ago I heard him read a preface to a
+life of Mr. Gladstone that was being printed at
+Smyrna in modern Greek. He told his readers
+to remember that Mr. Gladstone was a great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>
+scholar and an upright statesman. They would
+find it easy to do this if they first remembered
+that he was Scottish.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>World</i> included Blackie in its list of
+"Celebrities at Home." It said that the door
+was opened by a red-headed lassie. That was
+probably meant for local color, and it amused
+every one who knew Mrs. Blackie. The professor
+is one of the most genial of men, and will
+show you to your room himself, talking six languages.
+This tends to make the conversation
+one-sided, but he does not mind that. He still
+writes a good deal, spending several hours in
+his library daily, and his talk is as brilliant as
+ever. His writing nowadays is less sustained
+than it was, and he prefers flitting from one
+subject to another, to evolving a great work.
+When he dips his pen into an ink-pot, it at once
+writes a sonnet&mdash;so strong is the force of habit.
+Recently he wrote a page about Carlyle in a
+little book issued by the Edinburgh students'
+bazaar committee. In this he reproved Carlyle
+for having "bias." Blackie wonders why people
+should have bias.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Some readers of this may in their student
+days have been invited to the Greek professor's
+house to breakfast, without knowing why they
+were selected from among so many. It was not,
+as they are probably aware, because of their
+classical attainments, for they were too thoughtful
+to be in the prize-list; nor was it because of
+the charm of their manners or the fascination
+of their conversation. When the professor
+noticed any physical peculiarity about a student,
+such as a lisp, or a glass eye, or one leg
+longer than the other, or a broken nose, he was
+at once struck by it, and asked him to breakfast.
+They were very lively breakfasts, the eggs
+being served in tureens; but sometimes it was
+a collection of the maimed and crooked, and
+one person at the table&mdash;not the host himself&mdash;used
+to tremble lest, making mirrors of each
+other, the guests should see why they were
+invited.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes, instead of asking a student to
+breakfast, Blackie would instruct another student
+to request his company to tea. Then the
+two students were told to talk about paulo-post<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>
+futures in the cool of the evening, and to
+read their Greek Testament and to go to the
+pantomime. The professor never tired of giving
+his students advice about the preservation
+of their bodily health. He strongly recommended
+a cold bath at six o'clock every morning.
+In winter, he remarked genially, you can
+break the ice with a hammer. According to
+himself, only one enthusiast seems to have
+followed his advice, and he died.</p>
+
+<p>In Blackie's class-room there used to be a demonstration
+every time he mentioned the name
+of a distinguished politician. Whether the
+demonstration took the professor by surprise
+or whether he waited for it, will never perhaps
+be known. But Blackie at least put out the
+gleam in his eye, and looked as if he were
+angry. "I will say Beaconsfield," he would
+exclaim (cheers and hisses). "Beaconsfield"
+(uproar). Then he would stride forward, and,
+seizing the railing, announce his intention of
+saying Beaconsfield until every goose in the
+room was tired of cackling. ("Question.")
+"Beaconsfield." ("No, no.") "Beaconsfield."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>
+("Hear, hear," and shouts of "Gladstone.")
+"Beaconsfield." ("Three cheers for Dizzy.")
+Eventually the class would be dismissed as&mdash;(1)
+idiots, (2) a bear garden, (3) a flock of sheep,
+(4) a pack of numskulls, (5) hissing serpents.
+The professor would retire, apparently fuming,
+to his anteroom, and five minutes afterward
+he would be playing himself down the North
+Bridge on imaginary bagpipes. This sort of
+thing added a sauce to all academic sessions.
+There was a notebook also, which appeared
+year after year. It contained the professor's
+jokes of a former session, carefully classified by
+an admiring student. It was handed down
+from one year's men to the next; and thus, if
+Blackie began to make a joke about haggis, the
+possessor of the book had only swiftly to turn
+to the H's, find what the joke was, and send it
+along the class quicker than the professor could
+speak it.</p>
+
+<p>In the old days the Greek professor recited a
+poem in honor of the end of the session. He
+composed it himself, and, as known to me, it
+took the form of a graduate's farewell to his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+alma mater. Sometimes he would knock a
+map down as if overcome with emotion, and at
+critical moments a student in the back benches
+would accompany him on a penny trumpet.
+Now, I believe, the Hellenic Club takes the
+place of the class-room. All the eminent persons
+in Edinburgh attend its meetings, and
+Blackie, the Athenian, is in the chair. The
+policeman in Douglas Crescent looks skeered
+when you ask him what takes place on these
+occasions. It is generally understood that
+toward the end of the meeting they agree to
+read Greek next time.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="PROFESSOR_CALDERWOOD" id="PROFESSOR_CALDERWOOD"></a>PROFESSOR CALDERWOOD.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="IV" id="IV"></a>IV.<br /><br />
+
+PROFESSOR CALDERWOOD.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Here is a true story that the general reader
+may jump, as it is intended for Professor Calderwood
+himself. Some years ago an English
+daily paper reviewed a book entitled "A Handbook
+of Moral Philosophy." The professor
+knows the work. The "notice" was done by
+the junior reporter, to whom philosophical
+treatises are generally intrusted. He dealt
+leniently, on the whole, with Professor Calderwood,
+even giving him a word of encouragement
+here and there. Still the criticism was
+severe. The reviewer subsequently went to
+Edinburgh University, and came out 144th in
+the class of moral philosophy.</p>
+
+<p>That student is now, I believe, on friendly
+terms with Professor Calderwood, but has never
+told him this story. I fancy the professor
+would like to know his name. It may perhaps<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
+be reached in this way: He was the young
+gentleman who went to his classes the first day
+in a black coat and silk hat, and was cheered
+round the quadrangle by a body of admiring
+fellow-students, who took him for a professor.</p>
+
+<p>Calderwood contrives to get himself more in
+touch with the mass of his students than some
+of his fellow-professors, partly because he puts
+a high ideal before himself, and to some extent
+because his subject is one that Scottish students
+revel in. Long before they join his class
+they know that they are moral philosophers;
+indeed, they are sometimes surer of it before
+they enrol than afterward. Their essays begin
+in some such fashion as this: "In joining
+issue with Reid, I wish to take no unfair advantage
+of my antagonist;" or, "Kant is sadly at
+fault when he says that&mdash;&mdash;" or, "It is strange
+that a man of Locke's attainments should have
+been blind to the fact&mdash;&mdash;" When the professor
+reads out these tit-bits to the class, his eyes
+twinkle. Some students, of course, are not such
+keen philosophers as others. Does Professor
+Calderwood remember the one who was never<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
+struck by anything in moral philosophy until
+he learned by accident that Descartes lay in
+bed till about twelve o'clock every morning?
+Then it dawned on him that he, too, must have
+been a philosopher all his life without knowing
+it. One year a father and son were in the class.
+The father got so excited over volition and the
+line that divides right from wrong that he
+wrenched the desk before him from its sockets
+and hit it triumphantly, meaning that he and
+the professor were at one. He was generally
+admired by his fellow-students, because he was
+the only one in the class who could cry out
+"Hear, hear," and even "Question," without
+blushing. The son, on the other hand, was
+<i>blasé</i>, and would have been an agnostic, only
+he could never remember the name. Once a
+week Calderwood turns his class into a debating
+society, and argues things out with his
+students. This field-day is a joy to them. Some
+of them spend the six days previous in preparing
+posers. The worst of the professor is that
+he never sees that they are posers. What is
+the use of getting up a question of the most<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
+subtle kind, when he answers it right away?
+It makes you sit down quite suddenly. There
+is an occasional student who tries to convert
+liberty of speech on the discussion day into
+license, and of him the professor makes short
+work. The student means to turn the laugh
+on Calderwood, and then Calderwood takes advantage
+of him, and the other students laugh
+at the wrong person. It is the older students,
+as a rule, who are most violently agitated
+over these philosophical debates. One with a
+beard cracks his fingers, after the manner of a
+child in a village school that knows who won
+the battle of Bannockburn, and feels that he
+must burst if he does not let it out at once. A
+bald-headed man rises every minute to put a
+question, and then sits down, looking stupid.
+He has been trying so hard to remember what
+it is that he has forgotten. There is a legend
+of two who quarrelled over the Will and fought
+it out on Arthur's Seat.</p>
+
+<p>One year, however, a boy of sixteen or so,
+with a squeaky voice and a stammer, was Calderwood's
+severest critic. He sat on the back<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>
+bench, and what he wanted to know was something
+about the infinite. Every discussion day
+he took advantage of a lull in the debate to
+squeak out, "With regard to the infinite," and
+then could never get any further. No one ever
+discovered what he wanted enlightenment on
+about the infinite. He grew despondent as the
+session wore on, but courageously stuck to his
+point. Probably he is a soured man now. For
+purposes of exposition, Calderwood has a blackboard
+in his lecture-room, on which he chalks
+circles that represent the feelings and the will,
+with arrows shooting between them. In my
+class there was a boy, a very little boy, who had
+been a dux at school and was a dunce at college.
+He could not make moral philosophy
+out at all, but did his best. Here were his complete
+notes for one day: "Edinburgh University;
+Class of Moral Philosophy; Professor Calderwood;
+Lecture 64; Jan. 11. 18&mdash;You rub out
+the arrow, and there is only the circle left."</p>
+
+<p>Professor Calderwood is passionately fond of
+music, as those who visit at his house know.
+He is of opinion that there is a great deal of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>
+moral philosophy in "The Dead March in
+Saul." Once he said something to that effect in
+his class, adding enthusiastically that he could
+excuse the absence of a student who had been
+away hearing "The Dead March in Saul."
+After that he received a good many letters from
+students, worded in this way: "Mr. McNaughton
+(bench 7) presents his compliments to Professor
+Calderwood, and begs to state that his
+absence from the class yesterday was owing to
+his being elsewhere, hearing 'The Dead March
+in Saul.'" "Dear Professor Calderwood: I regret
+my absence from the lecture to-day, but
+hope you will overlook it, as I was unavoidably
+detained at home, practising 'The Dead
+March in Saul.' Yours truly, Peter Webster."
+"Professor Calderwood: Dear Sir,&mdash;As
+I was coming to the lecture to-day, I heard
+'The Dead March in Saul' being played in the
+street. You will, I am sure, make allowance
+for my non-attendance at the class, as I was too
+much affected to come. It is indeed a grand
+march. Yours faithfully, John Robbie." "The
+students whose names are subjoined thank the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>
+professor of moral philosophy most cordially
+for his remarks on the elevating power of
+music. They have been encouraged thereby
+to start a class for the proper study of the impressive
+and solemn march to which he called
+special attention, and hope he will excuse
+them, should their practisings occasionally prevent
+their attendance at the Friday lectures."
+Professor Calderwood does not lecture on "The
+Dead March in Saul" now.</p>
+
+<p>The class of moral philosophy is not for the
+few, but the many. Some professors do not
+mind what becomes of the nine students, so
+long as they can force on every tenth. Calderwood,
+however, considers it his duty to carry
+the whole class along with him; and it is, as a
+consequence, almost impossible to fall behind.
+The lectures are not delivered, in the ordinary
+sense, but dictated. Having explained the subject
+of the day with the lucidity that is this
+professor's peculiar gift, he condenses his remarks
+into a proposition. It is as if a minister
+ended his sermon with the text. Thus:
+"Proposition 34: Man is born into the world&mdash;(You<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
+have got that? See that you have all
+got it.) Man is born into the world with a
+capacity&mdash;with a capacity&mdash;&mdash;" (Anxious student:
+"If you please, professor, where did you
+say man was born into?") "Into the world, with
+a capacity to distinguish&mdash;&mdash;" ("With a what,
+sir?")&mdash;"with a capacity to distinguish&mdash;&mdash;"
+(Student: "Who is born into the world?")
+"Perhaps I have been reading too quickly.
+Man is born into the world, with a capacity to
+distinguish between&mdash;distinguish between&mdash;&mdash;"
+(student shuts his book, thinking that completes
+the proposition)&mdash;"distinguish between right
+and wrong&mdash;right&mdash;and wrong. You have all
+got Proposition 34, gentlemen?"</p>
+
+<p>Once Calderwood was questioning a student
+about a proposition, to see that he thoroughly
+understood it. "Give an illustration," suggested
+the professor. The student took the
+case of a murderer. "Very good," said the
+professor. "Now give me another illustration."
+The student pondered for a little. "Well," he
+said at length, "take the case of another murderer."</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Professor Calderwood has such an exceptional
+interest in his students that he asks every
+one of them to his house. This is but one of
+many things that makes him generally popular;
+he also invites his ladies' class to meet
+them. The lady whom you take down to supper
+suggests Proposition 41 as a nice thing to
+talk about, and asks what you think of the
+metaphysics of ethics. Professor Calderwood
+sees the ladies into the cabs himself. It is the
+only thing I ever heard against him.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="PROFESSOR_TAIT" id="PROFESSOR_TAIT"></a>PROFESSOR TAIT.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="V" id="V"></a>V.<br /><br />
+
+PROFESSOR TAIT.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Just as I opened my desk to write enthusiastically
+of Tait, I remembered having recently
+deciphered a pencil note about him, in my own
+handwriting, on the cover of Masson's "Chronological
+List," which I still keep by me. I
+turned to the note to see if there was life in it
+yet. "Walls," it says, "got 2s. for T. and T. at
+Brown's, 16 Walker Street." I don't recall
+Walls, but T. and T. was short for "Thomson
+and Tait's Elements of Natural Philosophy"
+(elements!), better known in my year as the
+"Student's First Glimpse of Hades." Evidently
+Walls sold his copy, but why did I take
+such note of the address? I fear T. and T. is
+one of the "Books Which Have Helped Me."
+This somewhat damps my ardor.</p>
+
+<p>When Tait was at Cambridge, it was flung in
+the face of the mathematicians that they never<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>
+stood high in Scriptural knowledge. Tait and
+another were the two of whom one must be first
+wrangler, and they agreed privately to wipe
+this stigma from mathematics. They did it by
+taking year about the prize which was said to
+hang out of their reach. It is always interesting
+to know of professors who have done well
+in Biblical knowledge. All Scottish students
+at the English universities are not so successful.
+I knew a Snell man who was sent back
+from the Oxford entrance exam., and he always
+held himself that the Biblical questions had
+done it.</p>
+
+<p>Turner is said by medicals to be the finest
+lecturer in the university. He will never be
+that so long as Tait is in the natural philosophy
+chair. Never, I think, can there have been
+a more superb demonstrator. I have his burly
+figure before me. The small twinkling eyes
+had a fascinating gleam in them; he could concentrate
+them until they held the object looked
+at; when they flashed round the room he seemed
+to have drawn a rapier. I have seen a man fall
+back in alarm under Tait's eyes, though there<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span>
+were a dozen benches between them. These
+eyes could be merry as a boy's, though, as when
+he turned a tube of water on students who
+would insist on crowding too near an experiment,
+for Tait's was the humor of high spirits.
+I could conceive him at marbles still, and feeling
+annoyed at defeat. He could not fancy
+anything much funnier than a man missing his
+chair. Outside his own subject he is not, one
+feels, a six-footer. When Mr. R. L. Stevenson's
+memoir of the late Mr. Fleeming Jenkin was
+published, Tait said at great length that he did
+not like it; he would have had the sketch by a
+scientific man. But though scientists may be
+the only men nowadays who have anything to
+say, they are also the only men who can't say
+it. Scientific men out of their sphere know for
+a fact that novels are not true. So they draw
+back from novelists who write biography. Professor
+Tait and Mr. Stevenson are both men of
+note, who walk different ways, and when they
+meet neither likes to take the curbstone. If
+they were tied together for life in a three-legged
+race, which would suffer the more?</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But if Tait's science weighs him to the earth,
+he has a genius for sticking to his subject, and
+I am lost in admiration every time I bring back
+his lectures. It comes as natural to his old
+students to say when they meet, "What a lecturer
+Tait was!" as to Englishmen to joke
+about the bagpipes. It is not possible to draw
+a perfect circle, Chrystal used to say, after
+drawing a very fine one. To the same extent
+it was not possible for Tait never to fail in his
+experiments. The atmosphere would be too
+much for him once in a session, or there were
+other hostile influences at work. Tait warned
+us of these before proceeding to experiment,
+but we merely smiled. We believed in him as
+though he were a Bradshaw announcing that
+he would not be held responsible for possible
+errors.</p>
+
+<p>I had forgotten Lindsay&mdash;"the mother may
+forget her child." As I write, he has slipped
+back into his chair on the professor's right,
+and I could photograph him now in his brown
+suit. Lindsay was the imperturbable man who
+assisted Tait in his experiments, and his father<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>
+held the post before him. When there were
+many of us together, we could applaud Lindsay
+with burlesque exaggeration, and he treated
+us good-humoredly, as making something considerable
+between us. But I once had to face
+Lindsay alone, in quest of my certificate; and
+suddenly he towered above me, as a waiter may
+grow tall when you find that you have not
+money enough to pay the bill. He treated me
+most kindly; did not reply, of course, but got
+the certificate, and handed it to me as a cashier
+contemptuously shovels you your pile of gold.
+Long ago I pasted up a crack in my window
+with the certificate, but it said, I remember,
+that I had behaved respectably&mdash;so far as I had
+come under the eyes of the professor. Tait
+was always an enthusiast.</p>
+
+<p>We have been keeping Lindsay waiting.
+When he had nothing special to do, he sat indifferently
+in his chair, with the face of a precentor
+after the sermon has begun. But though
+it was not very likely that Lindsay would pay
+much attention to talk about such playthings
+as the laws of nature, his fingers went out in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span>
+the direction of the professor when the experiments
+began. Then he was not the precentor;
+he was a minister in one of the pews. Lindsay
+was an inscrutable man, and I shall not dare to
+say that he even half-wished to see Tait fail.
+He only looked on, ready for any emergency;
+but if the experiment would not come off, he
+was as quick to go to the professor's assistance
+as a member of Parliament is to begin when he
+has caught the Speaker's eye. Perhaps Tait
+would have none of his aid, or pushed the
+mechanism for the experiment from him&mdash;an intimation
+to Lindsay to carry it quickly to the
+ante-room. Do you think Lindsay read the instructions
+so? Let me tell you that your mind
+fails to seize hold of Lindsay. He marched
+the machine out of Tait's vicinity as a mother
+may push her erring boy away from his father's
+arms, to take him to her heart as soon as the
+door is closed. Lindsay took the machine to
+his seat, and laid it before him on the desk,
+with well-concealed apathy. Tait would flash
+his eye to the right to see what Lindsay was
+after, and there was Lindsay sitting with his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>
+arms folded. The professor's lecture resumed
+its way, and then out went Lindsay's hands to
+the machine. Here he tried a wheel; again he
+turned a screw; in time he had the machine
+ready for another trial. No one was looking
+his way, when suddenly there was a whizz&mdash;bang,
+bang. All eyes were turned upon Lindsay,
+the professor's among them. A cheer
+broke out as we realized that Lindsay had done
+the experiment. Was he flushed with triumph?
+Not a bit of it; he was again sitting with his
+arms folded. A Glasgow merchant of modest
+manners, when cross-examined in a law court,
+stated that he had a considerable monetary interest
+in a certain concern. "How much do you
+mean by a 'considerable monetary interest'?"
+demanded the contemptuous barrister who was
+cross-examining him. "Oh," said the witness,
+humbly, "a maiter o' a million an' a half&mdash;or,
+say, twa million." That Glasgow man in the
+witness-box is the only person I can think of,
+when looking about me for a parallel to Lindsay.
+While the professor eyed him and the
+students deliriously beat the floor, Lindsay<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>
+quietly gathered the mechanism together and
+carried it to the ante-room. His head was not
+flung back nor his chest forward, like one who
+walked to music. In his hour of triumph he
+was still imperturbable. I lie back in my chair
+to-day, after the lapse of years, and ask myself
+again, How did Lindsay behave after he entered
+the ante-room, shutting the door behind
+him? Did he give way? There is no one to
+say. When he returned to the class-room he
+wore his familiar face; a man to ponder over.</p>
+
+<p>There is a legend about the natural philosophy
+class-room, the period long antecedent to
+Tait. The professor, annoyed by a habit students
+had got into of leaving their hats on his
+desk, announced that the next hat placed there
+would be cut in pieces by him in presence of
+the class. The warning had its effect, until one
+day when the professor was called for a few
+minutes from the room. An undergraduate, to
+whom the natural sciences, unrelieved, were a
+monotonous study, slipped into the ante-room,
+from which he emerged with the professor's
+hat. This he placed on the desk, and then<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>
+stole in a panic to his seat. An awe fell upon
+the class. The professor returned, but when
+he saw the hat he stopped. He showed no
+anger. "Gentlemen," he said, "I told you what
+would happen if you again disobeyed my
+orders." Quite blandly he took a pen-knife
+from his pocket, slit the hat into several pieces,
+and flung them into the sink. While the hat
+was under the knife, the students forgot to
+demonstrate; but as it splashed into the sink,
+they gave forth a true British cheer. The end.</p>
+
+<p>Close to the door of the natural philosophy
+room is a window that in my memory will ever
+be sacred to a janitor. The janitors of the university
+were of varied interest, from the merry
+one who treated us as if we were his equals, and
+the soldier who sometimes looked as if he would
+like to mow us down, to the Head Man of All,
+whose name I dare not write, though I can
+whisper it. The janitor at the window, however,
+sat there through the long evenings while
+the Debating Society (of which I was a member)
+looked after affairs of state in an adjoining
+room. We were the smallest society in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>
+the university and the longest-winded, and I
+was once nearly expelled for not paying my
+subscription. Our grand debate was, "Is the
+policy of the government worthy the confidence
+of this society?" and we also read about
+six essays yearly on "The Genius of Robert
+Burns"; but it was on private business that we
+came out strongest. The question that agitated
+us most was whether the meetings should
+be opened with prayer, and the men who
+thought they should would not so much as
+look at the men who thought they should not.
+When the janitor was told that we had begun
+our private business, he returned to his window
+and slept. His great day was when we could not
+form a quorum, which happened now and then.</p>
+
+<p>Gregory was a member of that society&mdash;what
+has become of Gregory? He was one of those
+men who professors say have a brilliant future
+before them, and who have not since been heard
+of. Morton, another member, was of a different
+stamp. He led in the debate on "Beauty
+of the Mind v. Beauty of the Body." His writhing
+contempt for the beauty that is only skin-deep<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span>
+is not to be forgotten. How noble were
+his rhapsodies on the beauty of the mind!
+And when he went to Calderwood's to supper,
+how quick he was to pick out the prettiest girl,
+who took ten per cent in moral philosophy,
+and to sit beside her all the evening! Morton
+had a way of calling on his friends the night
+before a degree examination to ask them to put
+him up to as much as would pull him through.</p>
+
+<p>Tait used to get greatly excited over the rectorial
+elections, and, if he could have disguised
+himself, would have liked, I think, to join in
+the fight round the Brewster statue. He would
+have bled for the Conservative cause, as his
+utterances on university reform have shown.
+The reformers have some cause for thinking
+that Tait is a greater man in his class room than
+when he addresses the graduates. He has said
+that the less his students know of his subject
+when they join his class, the less, probably, they
+will have to unlearn. Such views are behind
+the times that feed their children on geographical
+biscuits in educational nurseries with astronomical
+ceilings and historical wall-papers.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="PROFESSOR_CAMPBELL_FRASER" id="PROFESSOR_CAMPBELL_FRASER"></a>PROFESSOR CAMPBELL FRASER.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="VI" id="VI"></a>VI.<br /><br />
+
+PROFESSOR CAMPBELL FRASER.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Not long ago I was back in the Old University&mdash;how
+well I remember pointing it out as
+the jail to a stranger, who had asked me to
+show him round. I was in one of the library
+ante-rooms, when some one knocked, and I
+looked up, to see Campbell Fraser framed in
+the doorway. I had not looked on that venerable
+figure for half a dozen years. I had forgotten
+all my metaphysics. Yet it all came
+back with a rush. I was on my feet, wondering
+if I existed strictly so called.</p>
+
+<p>Calderwood and Fraser had both their followings.
+The moral philosophers wore an air
+of certainty, for they knew that if they stuck
+to Calderwood he would pull them through.
+You cannot lose yourself in the back garden.
+But the metaphysicians had their doubts.
+Fraser led them into strange places, and said<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+he would meet them there again next day.
+They wandered to their lodgings, and got into
+difficulties with their landlady for saying that
+she was only an aggregate of sense phenomena.
+Fraser was rather a hazardous cure for weak intellects.
+Young men whose anchor had been
+certainty of themselves went into that class
+floating buoyantly on the sea of facts, and came
+out all adrift&mdash;on the sea of theory&mdash;in an open
+boat&mdash;rudderless&mdash;one oar&mdash;the boat scuttled.
+How could they think there was any chance
+for them, when the professor was not even sure
+of himself? I see him rising in a daze from his
+chair and putting his hands through his hair.
+"Do I exist," he said, thoughtfully, "strictly
+so called?" The students (if it was the beginning
+of the session) looked a little startled.
+This was a matter that had not previously disturbed
+them. Still, if the professor was in
+doubt, there must be something in it. He began
+to argue it out, and an uncomfortable silence
+held the room in awe. If he did not exist,
+the chances were that they did not exist either.
+It was thus a personal question. The professor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>
+glanced round slowly for an illustration.
+"Am I a table?" A pained look travelled over
+the class. Was it just possible that they were
+all tables? It is no wonder that the students
+who do not go to the bottom during their first
+month of metaphysics begin to give themselves
+airs strictly so called. In the privacy of their
+room at the top of the house, they pinch themselves
+to see if they are still there.</p>
+
+<p>He would, I think, be a sorry creature who
+did not find something to admire in Campbell
+Fraser. Metaphysics may not trouble you, as
+it troubles him, but you do not sit under the
+man without seeing his transparent honesty
+and feeling that he is genuine. In appearance
+and in habit of thought he is an ideal philosopher,
+and his communings with himself have
+lifted him to a level of serenity that is worth
+struggling for. Of all the arts professors in
+Edinburgh, he is probably the most difficult to
+understand, and students in a hurry have called
+his lectures childish. If so, it may be all the
+better for them. For the first half of the hour,
+they say, he tells you what he is going to do,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span>
+and for the second half he revises. Certainly
+he is vastly explanatory, but then he is not so
+young as they are, and so he has his doubts.
+They are so cock-sure that they wonder to see
+him hesitate. Often there is a mist on the
+mountain when it is all clear in the valley.</p>
+
+<p>Fraser's great work is his edition of Berkeley,
+a labor of love that should live after him.
+He has two Berkeleys, the large one and the
+little one, and, to do him justice, it was the little
+one he advised us to consult. I never read
+the large one myself, which is in a number of
+monster tomes, but I often had a look at it in
+the library, and I was proud to think that an
+Edinburgh professor was the editor. When
+Glasgow men came through to talk of their
+professors, we showed them the big Berkeley,
+and after that they were reasonable. There
+was one man in my year who really began the
+large Berkeley, but after a time he was missing,
+and it is believed that some day he will be
+found flattened between the pages of the first
+volume.</p>
+
+<p>The "Selections" was the text-book we used<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+in the class. It is sufficient to prove that Berkeley
+wrote beautiful English. I am not sure
+that any one has written such English since.
+We have our own "stylists," but how self-conscious
+they are after Berkeley! It is seven
+years since I opened my "Selections," but I see
+that I was once more of a metaphysician than
+I have been giving myself credit for. The book
+is scribbled over with posers in my handwriting
+about dualism and primary realities. Some
+of the comments are in short-hand, which I
+must at one time have been able to read, but
+all are equally unintelligible now. Here is one
+of my puzzlers: "Does B here mean impercipient
+and unperceived subject or conscious and
+percipient subject?" Observe the friendly B.
+I dare say further on I shall find myself referring
+to the professor as F. I wonder if I ever
+discovered what B meant. I could not now tell
+what I meant, myself.</p>
+
+<p>As many persons are aware, the "Selections"
+consist of Berkeley's text with the professor's
+notes thereon. The notes are explanatory of
+the text, and the student must find them an<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>
+immense help. Here, for instance, is a note:
+"Phenomenal or sense dependent existence can
+be substantiated and caused only by a self-conscious
+spirit, for otherwise there could be
+no propositions about it expressive of what is
+conceivable; on the other hand, to affirm that
+phenomenal or sense dependent existence,
+which alone we know, and which alone is conceivable,
+is, or even represents, an inconceivable
+non-phenomenal or abstract existence, would
+be to affirm a contradiction in terms." There
+we have it.</p>
+
+<p>As a metaphysician I was something of a disappointment.
+I began well, standing, if I recollect
+aright, in the three examinations, first,
+seventeenth, and seventy-seventh. A man who
+sat beside me&mdash;man was the word we used&mdash;gazed
+at me reverently when I came out first,
+and I could see by his eye that he was not sure
+whether I existed properly so called. By the
+second exam. his doubts had gone, and by the
+third he was surer of me than of himself. He
+came out fifty-seventh, this being the grand
+triumph of his college course. He was the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>
+same whose key translated <i>cras donaberis
+hædo</i> "To-morrow you will be presented with
+a kid," but who, thinking that a little vulgar,
+refined it down to "To-morrow you will be presented
+with a small child."</p>
+
+<p>In the metaphysics class I was like the fountains
+in the quadrangle, which ran dry toward
+the middle of the session. While things were
+still looking hopeful for me, I had an invitation
+to breakfast with the professor. If the
+fates had been so propitious as to forward me
+that invitation, it is possible that I might be a
+metaphysician to this day, but I had changed
+my lodgings, and, when I heard of the affair, all
+was over. The professor asked me to stay behind
+one day after the lecture, and told me that
+he had got his note back with "Left: no address"
+on it. "However," he said, "you may
+keep this," presenting me with the invitation
+for the Saturday previously. I mention this
+to show that even professors have hearts. That
+letter is preserved with the autographs of
+three editors, none of which anybody can read.</p>
+
+<p>There was once a medical student who came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span>
+up to my rooms early in the session, and I
+proved to him in half an hour that he did not
+exist. He got quite frightened, and I can still
+see his white face as he sat staring at me in the
+gloaming. This shows what metaphysics can
+do. He has recovered, however, and is sheep-farming
+now, his examiners never having asked
+him the right questions.</p>
+
+<p>The last time Fraser ever addressed me was
+when I was capped. He said, "I congratulate
+you, Mr. Smith," and one of the other professors
+said, "I congratulate you, Mr. Fisher."
+My name is neither Smith nor Fisher, but no
+doubt the thing was kindly meant. It was
+then, however, that the professor of metaphysics
+had his revenge on me. I had once spelt
+Fraser with a "z."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="PROFESSOR_CHRYSTAL" id="PROFESSOR_CHRYSTAL"></a>PROFESSOR CHRYSTAL.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="VII" id="VII"></a>VII.<br /><br />
+
+PROFESSOR CHRYSTAL.</h2>
+
+
+<p>When Chrystal came to Edinburgh, he rooted
+up the humors of the class-room as a dentist
+draws teeth. Souls were sold for keys that
+could be carried in the waistcoat pocket. Ambition
+fell from heights, and lay with its eye
+on a certificate. By night was a rush of ghosts,
+shrieking for passes. Horse-play fled before
+the Differential Calculus in spectacles.</p>
+
+<p>I had Chrystal's first year, and recall the
+gloomy student sitting before me who hacked
+"All hope abandon, ye who enter here" into a
+desk that may have confined Carlyle. It took
+him a session, and he was digging his own
+grave, for he never got through; but it was
+something to hold by, something he felt sure
+of. All else was spiders' webs in chalk.</p>
+
+<p>Chrystal was a fine hare for the hounds who
+could keep up with him. He started off the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span>
+first day with such a spurt that most of us were
+left behind mopping our faces, and saying,
+"Here's a fellow," which is what Mr. Stevenson
+says Shakespeare would have remarked about
+Mr. George Meredith. We never saw him
+again. The men who were on speaking acquaintance
+with his symbols revelled in him as students
+love an enthusiast who is eager to lead
+them into a world toward which they would
+journey. He was a rare guide for them. The
+bulk, however, lost him in labyrinths. They
+could not but admire their brilliant professor;
+but while their friend the medallist and he kept
+the conversation to themselves, they felt like
+eavesdroppers hearkening to a pair of lovers.
+It is "beautiful," they cried, "but this is no
+place for us; let us away."</p>
+
+<p>A good many went, but their truancy stuck
+in their throats like Otway's last roll. The
+M.A. was before them. They had fancied it in
+their hands, but it became shy as a maiden
+from the day they learned Chrystal's heresy
+that Euclid is not mathematics, but only some
+riders in it. This snapped the cord that had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span>
+tied the blind man to his dog, and the M.A.
+shot down the horizon. When Rutherford
+delivered his first lecture in the chair of institutes
+of medicine, boisterous students drowned
+his voice, and he flung out of the room. At
+the door he paused to say, "Gentleman, we
+shall meet again at Philippi." A dire bomb
+was this in the midst of them, warranted to go
+off, none able to cast it overboard. We too had
+our Philippi before us. Chrystal could not be
+left to his own devices.</p>
+
+<p>I had never a passion for knowing that when
+circles or triangles attempt impossibilities it is
+absurd; and <i>x</i> was an unknown quantity I was
+ever content to walk round about. To admit
+to Chrystal that we understood <i>x</i> was only a
+way he had of leading you on to <i>y</i> and <i>z</i>. I
+gave him his chance, however, by contributing
+a paper of answers to his first weekly set of
+exercises. When the hour for returning the
+slips came round, I was there to accept fame&mdash;if
+so it was to be&mdash;with modesty; and if it was
+to be humiliation, still to smile. The professor
+said there was one paper, with an owner's name<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span>
+on it, which he could not read, and it was handed
+along the class to be deciphered. My presentiment
+that it was mine became a certainty when
+it reached my hand; but I passed it on pleasantly,
+and it returned to Chrystal, a Japhet
+that never found its father. Feeling that the
+powers were against me, I then retired from the
+conflict, sanguine that the teaching of my mathematical
+schoolmaster, the best that could be,
+would pull me through. The Disowned may
+be going the round of the class-room still.</p>
+
+<p>The men who did not know when they were
+beaten returned to their seats, and doggedly
+took notes, their faces lengthening daily. Their
+note-books reproduced exactly the hieroglyphics
+of the blackboard, and, examined at
+night, were as suggestive as the photographs of
+persons one has never seen. To overtake Chrystal
+after giving him a start was the presumption
+that is an offshoot from despair. There
+was once an elderly gentleman who for years
+read the <i>Times</i> every day from the first page
+to the last. For a fortnight he was ill of a
+fever; but, on recovering, he began at the copy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span>
+of the <i>Times</i> where he had left off. He struggled
+magnificently to make up on the <i>Times</i>,
+but it was in vain. This is an allegory for the
+way these students panted after Chrystal.</p>
+
+<p>Some succumbed and joined the majority&mdash;literally;
+for to mathematics they were dead.
+I never hear of the old university now, nor
+pass under the shadow of the walls one loves
+when he is done with them, without seeing myself
+as I was the day I matriculated, an awestruck
+boy, passing and repassing the gates,
+frightened to venture inside, breathing heavily
+at sight of janitors, Scott and Carlyle in the air.
+After that I see nothing fuller of color than
+the meetings that were held outside Chrystal's
+door. Adjoining it is a class-room so little
+sought for that legend tells of its door once
+showing the notice, "There will be no class
+to-day, as the student is unwell." The crowd
+round Chrystal's could have filled that room.
+It was composed of students hearkening at the
+door to see whether he was to call their part of
+the roll to-day. If he did, they slunk in; if<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span>
+not, the crowd melted into the streets, this refrain
+in their ears:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"I'm plucked, I do admit;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">I'm spun, my mother dear:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet do not grieve for that<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Which happens every year.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I've waited very patiently,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">I may have long to wait;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But you've another son, mother,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And he will graduate."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>A professor of mathematics once brought a
+rowdy student from the back benches to a seat
+beside him, because: "First, you'll be near the
+board; second, you'll be near me; and, third,
+you'll be near the door." Chrystal soon discovered
+that students could be too near the
+door, and he took to calling the roll in the middle
+of the hour, which insured an increased
+attendance. It was a silent class, nothing
+heard but the patter of pencils, rats scraping
+for grain, of which there was abundance, but
+not one digestion in a bench. To smuggle in a
+novel up one's waistcoat was perilous, Chrystal's
+spectacles doing their work. At a corner
+of the platform sat the assistant, with a constable's
+authority, but, not formed for swooping,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span>
+uneasy because he had legs, and where to put
+them he knew not. He got through the hour
+by shifting his position every five minutes; and,
+sitting there waiting, he reminded one of the
+boy who, on being told to remain so quietly
+where he was that he could hear a pin drop,
+held his breath a moment, then shouted, "Let
+it drop!" An excellent fellow was this assistant,
+who told us that one of his predecessors
+had got three months.</p>
+
+<p>A jest went as far in that class as a plum in
+the midshipmen's pudding, and, you remember,
+when the middies came on a plum they
+gave three cheers. In the middle of some brilliant
+reasoning, Chrystal would stop to add 4, 7,
+and 11. Addition of this kind was the only
+thing he could not do, and he looked to the
+class for help&mdash;"20," they shouted, "24," "17,"
+while he thought it over. These appeals to
+their intelligence made them beam. They
+woke up as a sleepy congregation shakes itself
+into life when the minister says, "I remember
+when I was a little boy&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>The daring spirits&mdash;say, those who were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span>
+going into their father's office, and so did not
+look upon Chrystal as a door locked to their
+advancement&mdash;sought to bring sunshine into
+the room. Chrystal soon had the blind down
+on that. I hear they have been at it recently,
+with the usual result. To relieve the monotony,
+a student at the end of bench ten dropped a marble,
+which toppled slowly downward toward the
+professor. At every step it took, there was a
+smothered guffaw; but Chrystal, who was working
+at the board, did not turn his head. When
+the marble reached the floor, he said, still with
+his back to the class, "Will the student at the
+end of bench ten, who dropped that marble,
+stand up?" All eyes dilated. He had counted
+the falls of the marble from step to step. Mathematics
+do not obscure the intellect.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty per cent was a good percentage in
+Chrystal's examinations; thirty sent you away
+whistling. As the M.A. drew nigh, students
+on their prospects might have been farmers discussing
+the weather. Some put their faith in
+the professor's goodness of heart, of which symptoms
+had been showing. He would not, all at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span>
+once, "raise the standard"&mdash;hated phrase until
+you are through, when you write to the papers
+advocating it. Courage! was it not told of the
+Glasgow Snell competition that one of the
+competitors, as soon as he saw the first paper,
+looked for his hat and the door; that he was
+forbidden to withdraw until an hour had
+elapsed, and that he then tackled the paper
+and ultimately carried off the Snell? Of more
+immediate interest, perhaps, was the story of
+the quaking student, whose neighbor handed
+him in pencil, beneath the desk, the answer to
+several questions. It was in an M.A. exam.,
+and the affrighted student found that he could
+not read his neighbor's notes. Trusting to fortune,
+he inclosed them with his own answers,
+writing at the top, "No time to write these out
+in ink, so inclose them in pencil." He got
+through: no moral.</p>
+
+<p>A condemned criminal wondering if he is to
+get a reprieve will not feel the position novel
+if he has loitered in a university quadrangle
+waiting for the janitor to nail up the results of
+a degree exam. A queer gathering we were,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>
+awaiting the verdict of Chrystal. Some compressed
+their lips, others were lively as fireworks
+dipped in water; there were those who
+rushed round and round the quadrangle; only
+one went the length of saying that he did not
+want to pass. H. I shall call him. I met him
+the other day in Fleet Street, and he annoyed
+me by asking at once if I remembered the landlady
+I quarrelled with because she wore my
+socks to church of a Sunday: we found her out
+one wet forenoon. H. waited the issue with a
+cigar in his mouth. He had purposely, he explained,
+given in a bad paper. He could not
+understand why men were so anxious to get
+through. He had ten reasons for wishing to
+be plucked. We let him talk. The janitor
+appeared with the fateful paper, and we lashed
+about him like waves round a lighthouse, all
+but H., who strolled languidly to the board
+to which the paper was being fastened. A
+moment afterward I heard a shriek: "I'm
+through! I'm through!" It was H. His cigar
+was dashed aside, and he sped like an arrow<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>
+from the bow to the nearest telegraph office,
+shouting "I'm through!" as he ran.</p>
+
+<p>Those of us who had H.'s fortune now consider
+Chrystal made to order for his chair, but
+he has never, perhaps, had a proper appreciation
+of the charming fellows who get ten per
+cent.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="PROFESSOR_SELLAR" id="PROFESSOR_SELLAR"></a>PROFESSOR SELLAR.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="VIII" id="VIII"></a>VIII.<br /><br />
+
+PROFESSOR SELLAR.</h2>
+
+
+<p>When one of the distinguished hunting
+ladies who chase celebrities captured Mr. Mark
+Pattison, he gave anxious consideration to the
+quotation which he was asked to write above
+his name. "Fancy," he said with a shudder,
+"going down to posterity arm in arm with <i>carpe
+diem</i>!" Remembering this, I forbear tying
+Sellar to <i>odi profanum vulgus</i>. Yet the name
+opens the door to the quotation. Sellar is a
+Roman senator. He stood very high at Oxford,
+and took a prize for boxing. If you watch him
+in the class, you will sometimes see his mind
+murmuring that Edinburgh students do not
+take their play like Oxford men. The difference
+is in manner. A courteous fellow-student
+of Sellar once showed his relatives over
+Balliol. "You have now, I think," he said at
+last, "seen everything of interest except the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>
+master." He flung a stone at a window, at
+which the master's head appeared immediately,
+menacing, wrathful. "And now," concluded
+the polite youth, "you have seen him also."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. James Payn, who never forgave the Scottish
+people for pulling down their blinds on
+Sundays, was annoyed by the halo they have
+woven around the name "professor." He knew
+an Edinburgh lady who was scandalized because
+that mere poet, Alexander Smith, coolly
+addressed professors by their surnames. Mr.
+Payn might have known what it is to walk in
+the shadow of a Senatus Academicus could he
+have met such specimens as Sellar, Fraser,
+Tait, and Sir Alexander Grant marching down
+the Bridges abreast. I have seen them: an inspiriting
+sight. The pavement only held three.
+You could have shaken hands with them from
+an upper window.</p>
+
+<p>Sellar's treatment of his students was always
+that of a fine gentleman. Few got near him;
+all respected him. At times he was addressed
+in an unknown tongue, but he kept his countenance.
+He was particular about students keeping<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>
+to their proper benches, and once thought
+he had caught a swarthy north countryman
+straying. "You are in your wrong seat, Mr.
+Orr." "Na, am richt eneuch." "You should
+be in the seat in front. That is bench 12, and
+you are entered on bench 10." "Eh? This is
+no bench twal, [counting] twa, fower, sax, aucht,
+ten." "There is something wrong." "Oh-h-h,
+[with sudden enlightenment] ye've been coontin'
+the first dask; we dinna coont the first
+dask." The professor knew the men he had to
+deal with too well to scorn this one, who turned
+out to be a fine fellow. He was the only man
+I ever knew who ran his medical and arts classes
+together, and so many lectures had he to attend
+daily that he mixed them up. He graduated,
+however, in both faculties in five years, and the
+last I heard of him was that, when applying
+for a medical assistantship, he sent his father's
+photograph because he did not have one of himself.
+He was a man of brains as well as sinew,
+and dined briskly on a shilling a week.</p>
+
+<p>There was a little fellow in the class who was
+a puzzle to Sellar, because he was higher sitting<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span>
+than standing: when the professor asked him
+to stand up, he stood down. "Is Mr. Blank
+not present?" Sellar would ask. "Here, sir,"
+cried Blank. "Then, will you stand up, Mr.
+Blank?" (Agony of Blank, and a demonstration
+of many feet.) "Are you not prepared,
+Mr. Blank?" "Yes, sir. <i>Pastor quum
+traharet</i>&mdash;&mdash;" "I insist on your standing up,
+Mr. Blank." Several students rise to their feet
+to explain, but subside. "Yes, sir. <i>Pastor quum
+traharet per</i>&mdash;&mdash;" "I shall mark you 'Not
+prepared,' Mr. Blank." (Further demonstration,
+and then an indignant squeak from Blank.)
+"If you please, sir, I am standing." "But, in
+that case, how is it? Ah, oh, ah, yes; proceed,
+Mr. Blank." As one man was only called
+upon for exhibition five or six times in a year,
+the professor had always forgotten the circumstances
+when he asked Blank to stand up again.
+Blank was looked upon by his fellow-students
+as a practical jest, and his name was always
+received with the prolonged applause which
+greets the end of an after-dinner speech.</p>
+
+<p>Sellar never showed resentment to the students<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>
+who addressed him as Professor Sellars.</p>
+
+<p>One day the professor was giving out some
+English to be translated into Latin prose. He
+read on&mdash;"and fiercely lifting the axe with both
+hands&mdash;&mdash;" when a cheer from the top bench
+made him pause. The cheer spread over the
+room like an uncorked gas. Sellar frowned, but
+proceeded&mdash;"lifting the axe&mdash;&mdash;" when again
+the class became demented. "What does this
+mean?" he demanded, looking as if he, too,
+could lift the axe. "Axe!" shouted a student
+in explanation. Still Sellar could not solve the
+riddle. Another student rose to his assistance.
+"Axe&mdash;Gladstone!" he cried. Sellar sat back
+in his chair. "Really, gentlemen," he said,
+"I take the most elaborate precautions against
+touching upon politics in this class, but sometimes
+you are beyond me. Let us continue&mdash;'and
+fiercely lifting his weapon with both
+hands&mdash;&mdash;'"</p>
+
+<p>The duxes from the schools suffered a little
+during their first year, from a feeling that they
+and Sellar understood each other. He liked<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span>
+to undeceive them. We had one, all head, who
+went about wondering at himself. He lost his
+bursary on the way home with it, and still he
+strutted. Sellar asked if we saw anything peculiar
+in a certain line from Horace. We did not.
+We were accustomed to trust to Horace's reputation,
+all but the dandy. "Eh&mdash;ah! professor,"
+he lisped; "it ought to have been so
+and so." Sellar looked at this promising plant
+from the schools, and watered him without a
+rose on the pan. "Depend upon it, Mr.&mdash;ah,
+I did not catch your name, if it ought to have
+been so and so, Horace would have made it so
+and so."</p>
+
+<p>Sellar's face was proof against wit. It did
+not relax till he gave it liberty. You could
+never tell from it what was going on inside.
+He read without a twitch a notice on his door:
+"Found in this class a gold-headed pencil case;
+if not claimed within three days will be sold to
+defray expenses." He even withstood the battering-ram
+on the day of the publication of his
+"Augustan Poets." The students could not let
+this opportunity pass. They assailed him with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span>
+frantic applause; every bench was a drum to
+thump upon. His countenance said nothing.
+The drums had it in the end, though, and he
+dismissed the class with what is believed to
+have verged on a smile. Like the lover who
+has got his lady's glance, they at once tried for
+more, but no.</p>
+
+<p>Most of us had Humanity our first year,
+which is the year for experimenting. Then is
+the time to join the university library. The
+pound, which makes you a member, has never
+had its poet. You can withdraw your pound
+when you please. There are far-seeing men
+who work the whole thing out by mathematics.
+Put simply, this is the notion. In the beginning
+of the session you join the library, and
+soon you forget about your pound; you reckon
+without it. As the winter closes in, and the
+coal-bunk empties; or you find that five shillings
+a week for lodgings is a dream that cannot
+be kept up; or your coat assumes more and
+more the color identified with spring; or you
+would feast your friends for once right gloriously;
+or next Wednesday is your little sister's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span>
+birthday; you cower, despairing, over a
+sulky fire. Suddenly you are on your feet, all
+aglow once more. What is this thought that
+sends the blood to your head? That library
+pound! You had forgotten that you had a
+bank. Next morning you are at the university
+in time to help the library door to open. You
+ask for your pound; you get it. Your hand
+mounts guard over the pocket in which it rustles.
+So they say. I took their advice and
+paid in my money; then waited exultingly to
+forget about it. In vain. I always allowed
+for that pound, in my thoughts. I saw it as
+plainly, I knew its every feature as a schoolboy
+remembers his first trout. Not to be hasty,
+I gave my pound two months, and then brought
+it home again. I had a fellow-student who
+lived across the way from me. We railed at
+the library-pound theory at open windows over
+the life of the street; a beautiful dream, but
+mad, mad.</p>
+
+<p>He was an enthusiast, and therefore happy,
+whom I have seen in the Humanity class-room
+on an examination day, his pen racing with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span>
+time, himself seated in the contents of an ink
+bottle. Some stories of exams. have even a
+blacker ending. I write in tears of him who,
+estimating his memory as a leaky vessel, did
+with care and forethought draw up a crib that
+was more condensed than a pocket cyclopædia,
+a very Liebig's essence of the classics, tinned
+meat for students in the eleventh hour. Bridegrooms
+have been known to forget the ring;
+this student forgot his crib. In the middle of
+the examination came a nervous knocking at
+the door. A lady wanted to see the professor
+at once. The student looked up, to see his
+mother handing the professor his crib. Her
+son had forgotten it; she was sure that it was
+important, so she had brought it herself.</p>
+
+<p>Jump the body of this poor victim. There
+was no M.A. for him that year; but in our
+gowns and sashes we could not mourn for a
+might-have-been. Soldiers talk of the Victoria
+cross, statesmen of the Cabinet, ladies of a pearl
+set in diamonds. These are pretty baubles,
+but who has thrilled as the student that with
+bumping heart strolls into Middlemass' to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span>
+order his graduate's gown? He hires it&mdash;five
+shillings&mdash;but the photograph to follow makes
+it as good as his for life. Look at him, young
+ladies, as he struts to the Synod Hall to have
+M.A. tacked to his name. Dogs do not dare
+bark at him. His gait is springy; in Princes
+Street he is as one who walks upstairs. Gone
+to me are those student days forever, but I can
+still put a photograph before me of a ghost in
+gown and cape, the hair straggling under the
+cap as tobacco may straggle over the side of a
+tin when there is difficulty in squeezing down
+the lid. How well the little black jacket looks,
+how vividly the wearer remembers putting it
+on. He should have worn a dress-coat, but he
+had none. The little jacket resembled one with
+the tails off, and, as he artfully donned his
+gown, he backed against the wall so that no
+one might know.</p>
+
+<p>To turn up the light on old college days is
+not always the signal for the dance. You are
+back in the dusty little lodging, with its battered
+sofa, its slippery tablecloth, the prim
+array of books, the picture of the death of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span>
+Nelson, the peeling walls, the broken clock;
+you are again in the quadrangle with him who
+has been dead this many a year. There are
+tragedies in a college course. Dr. Walter Smith
+has told in a poem mentioned elsewhere of the
+brilliant scholar who forgot his dominie;
+some, alas! forget their mother. There are
+men&mdash;I know it&mdash;who go mad from loneliness;
+and medallists ere now have crept home to
+die. The capping-day was the end of our springtide,
+and for some of us the summer was to be
+brief. Sir Alexander, gone into the night since
+then, flung "I mekemae" at us as we trooped
+past him, all in bud, some small flower to blossom
+in time, let us hope, here and there.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="MR_JOSEPH_THOMSON" id="MR_JOSEPH_THOMSON"></a>MR. JOSEPH THOMSON.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="IX" id="IX"></a>IX.<br /><br />
+
+MR. JOSEPH THOMSON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Two years hence Joseph Thomson's reputation
+will be a decade old, though he is at present
+only thirty years of age. When you meet
+him for the first time you conclude that he
+must be the explorer's son. His identity, however,
+can always be proved by simply mentioning
+Africa in his presence. Then he draws
+himself up, and his eyes glisten, and he is
+thinking how glorious it would be to be in the
+Masai country again, living on meat so diseased
+that it crumbled in the hand like short-bread.</p>
+
+<p>Gatelaw-bridge Quarry, in Dumfriesshire, is
+famous for Old Mortality and Thomson, the
+latter (when he is at the head of a caravan)
+being as hardheaded as if he had been cut out
+of it. He went to school at Thornhill, where he
+spent great part of his time in reading novels,
+and then he matriculated at Edinburgh University,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span>
+where he began to accumulate medals.
+Geology and kindred studies were his favorites
+there. One day he heard that Keith Johnston,
+then on the point of starting for Africa, wanted
+a lieutenant. Thomson was at that time equally
+in need of a Keith Johnston, and everybody
+who knew him saw that the opening and
+he were made for each other. Keith Johnston
+and Thomson went out together, and Johnston
+died in the jungle. This made a man in an
+hour of a stripling. Most youths in Thomson's
+position at that turning-point of his career
+would have thought it judicious to turn back,
+and in geographical circles it would have been
+considered highly creditable had he brought
+his caravan to the coast intact. Thomson, however,
+pushed on, and did everything that his
+dead leader had hoped to do. From that time
+his career has been followed by every one interested
+in African exploration, and by his countrymen
+with some pride in addition. When
+an expedition was organized for the relief of
+Emin Pacha, there was for a time some probability
+of Thomson's having the command.</p><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>He and Stanley differed as to the routes that
+should be taken, and subsequent events have
+proved that Thomson's was the proper one.</p>
+
+<p>Thomson came over from Paris at that time
+to consult with the authorities, and took up
+his residence in the most overgrown hotel in
+London. His friends here organized an expedition
+for his relief. They wandered up and
+down the endless stairs looking for him, till,
+had they not wanted to make themselves a
+name, they would have beaten a retreat. He
+also wandered about looking for them, and at
+last they met. The leader of the party, restraining
+his emotion, lifted his hat, and said,
+"Mr. Thomson, I presume?" This is how I
+found Thomson.</p>
+
+<p>The explorer had been for some months in
+Paris at that time, and France did him the
+honor of translating his "Through Masailand"
+into French. In this book there is a picture of
+a buffalo tossing Thomson in the air. This
+was after he had put several bullets into it, and
+in the sketch he is represented some ten feet
+from the ground, with his gun flying one way<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span>
+and his cap another. "It was just as if I were
+distributing largess to the natives," the traveller
+says now, though this idea does not seem
+to have struck him at the time. He showed
+the sketch to a Parisian lady, who looked at
+it long and earnestly. "Ah, M. Thomson," she
+said at length, "but how could you pose like
+that?"</p>
+
+<p>Like a good many other travellers, including
+Mr. Du Chaillu, who says he is a dear boy,
+Thomson does not smoke. Stanley, however,
+smokes very strong cigars, as those who have
+been in his sumptuous chambers in Bond Street
+can testify. All the three happen to be bachelors,
+though; because, one of them says, after
+returning from years of lonely travel, a man
+has such a delight in female society that to
+pick and choose would be invidious. Yet they
+have had their chance. An African race once
+tried to bribe Mr. Du Chaillu with a kingdom
+and over eight hundred wives&mdash;"the biggest
+offer," he admits, "I ever had in one day."</p>
+
+<p>Among the lesser annoyances to which Thomson
+was subjected in Africa was the presence<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span>
+of rats in the night-time, which he had to brush
+away like flies. Until he was asked whether
+there was not danger in this, it never seems to
+have struck him that it was more than annoying.
+Yet though he and the two other travellers
+mentioned (doubtless they are not alone
+in this) have put up cheerfully with almost
+every hardship known to man, this does not
+make them indifferent to the comforts of civilization
+when they return home. Du Chaillu
+was looking very comfortable in a house-boat
+the other day, where his hosts thought they
+were "roughing it"&mdash;with a male attendant;
+and in Stanley's easy-chairs you sink to dream.
+The last time I saw Thomson in his rooms in
+London he was on his knees, gazing in silent
+rapture at a china saucer with a valuable crack
+in it.</p>
+
+<p>If you ask Thomson what was the most dangerous
+expedition he ever embarked on, he will
+probably reply, "Crossing Piccadilly." The finest
+thing that can be said of him is that during
+these four expeditions he never once fired a
+shot at a native. Other explorers have had to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span>
+do so to save their lives. There were often
+occasions when Thomson could have done it,
+to save his life to all appearance, too. The
+result of his method of progressing is that
+where he has gone&mdash;and he has been in parts
+of Africa never before trod by the white man&mdash;he
+really has "opened up the country" for
+those who care to follow him. Civilization by
+bullet has only closed it elsewhere. Yet though
+there is an abundance of Scotch caution about
+him, he is naturally an impulsive man, more
+inclined personally to march straight on than
+to reach his destination by a safer if more circuitous
+route. Where only his own life is concerned,
+he gives you the impression of one who
+might be rash; but his prudence at the head of
+a caravan is at the bottom of the faith that is
+placed in him. According to a story that got
+into the papers years ago, M. de Brazza once
+quarrelled with Thomson in Africa, and all but
+struck him. Thomson was praised for keeping
+his temper. The story was a fabrication, but
+I fear that if M. de Brazza had behaved like
+this, Thomson would not have remembered to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span>
+be diplomatic till some time afterward. A
+truer tale might be told of an umbrella, gorgeous
+and wonderful to behold, that De Brazza
+took to Africa to impress the natives with, and
+which Thomson subsequently presented to a
+dusky monarch.</p>
+
+<p>The explorer has never shot a lion, though
+he has tracked a good many of them. Once he
+thought he had one. It was reclining in a little
+grove, and Thomson felt that it was his at
+last. With a trusty native he crept forward
+till he could obtain a good shot, and then fired.
+In breathless suspense he waited for its spring,
+and then when it did not spring he saw that he
+had shot it through the heart. However, it
+turned out only to be a large stone.</p>
+
+<p>The young Scotchman sometimes thinks of
+the tremendous effect it would have had on the
+natives had he been the possessor of a complete
+set of artificial teeth. This is because he has
+one artificial tooth. Happening to take it out
+one day, an awe filled all who saw him, and
+from that hour he was esteemed a medicine
+man. Another excellent way of impressing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>
+Africa with the grandeur of Britain was to take
+a photograph. When the natives saw the
+camera aimed at them, they fell to the ground
+vanquished.</p>
+
+<p>When Thomson was recently in this country,
+he occasionally took a walk of twenty or thirty
+miles to give him an appetite for dinner. This
+he calls a stroll. One day he strolled from
+Thornhill to Edinburgh, had dinner, and then
+went to the Exhibition. In appearance he is
+tall and strongly knit rather than heavily built,
+and if you see him more than once in the same
+week you discover that he has still an interest
+in neck-ties. Perhaps his most remarkable
+feat consisted in taking a bottle of brandy into
+the heart of Africa, and bringing it back
+intact.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ROBERT_LOUIS_STEVENSON" id="ROBERT_LOUIS_STEVENSON"></a>ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="X" id="X"></a>X.<br /><br />
+
+ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Some men of letters, not necessarily the greatest,
+have an indescribable charm to which we
+give our hearts. Thackeray is the young man's
+first love. Of living authors, none perhaps bewitches
+the reader more than Mr. Stevenson,
+who plays upon words as if they were a musical
+instrument. To follow the music is less
+difficult than to place the musician. A friend
+of mine, who, like Mr. Grant Allen, reviews 365
+books a year, and 366 in leap years, recently
+arranged the novelists of to-day in order of
+merit. Meredith, of course, he wrote first, and
+then there was a fall to Hardy. "Haggard," he
+explained, "I dropped from the Eiffel Tower;
+but what can I do with Stevenson? I can't
+put him before 'Lorna Doone.'" So Mr. Stevenson
+puzzles the critics, fascinating them until
+they are willing to judge him by the great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>
+work he is to write by and by when the little
+books are finished. Over "Treasure Island"
+I let my fire die in winter without knowing
+that I was freezing. But the creator of Alan
+Breck has now published nearly twenty volumes.
+It is so much easier to finish the little
+works than to begin the great one, for which
+we are all taking notes.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Stevenson is not to be labelled novelist.
+He wanders the byways of literature without
+any fixed address. Too much of a truant to be
+classified with the other boys, he is only a
+writer of fiction in the sense that he was once
+an Edinburgh University student because now
+and again he looked in at his classes when he
+happened to be that way. A literary man without
+a fixed occupation amazes Mr. Henry James,
+a master in the school of fiction which tells, in
+three volumes, how Hiram K. Wilding trod on
+the skirt of Alice M. Sparkins without anything's
+coming of it. Mr. James analyzes Mr.
+Stevenson with immense cleverness, but without
+summing up. That "Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
+Hyde" should be by the author of "Treasure<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span>
+Island," "Virginibus Puerisque" by the author
+of "The New Arabian Nights," "A Child's Garden
+of Verses" by the author of "Prince Otto,"
+are to him the three degrees of comparison of
+wonder, though for my own part I marvel more
+that the author of "Daisy Miller" should be
+Mr. Stevenson's eulogist. One conceives Mr.
+James a boy in velveteens looking fearfully at
+Stevenson playing at pirates.</p>
+
+<p>There is nothing in Mr. Stevenson's sometimes
+writing essays, sometimes romances, and
+anon poems to mark him versatile beyond other
+authors. One dreads his continuing to do so,
+with so many books at his back, lest it means
+weakness rather than strength. He experiments
+too long; he is still a boy wondering
+what he is going to be. With Cowley's candor
+he tells us that he wants to write something by
+which he may be forever known. His attempts
+in this direction have been in the nature of trying
+different ways, and he always starts off
+whistling. Having gone so far without losing
+himself, he turns back to try another road.
+Does his heart fail him, despite his jaunty bearing,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span>
+or is it because there is no hurry? Though
+all his books are obviously by the same hand,
+no living writer has come so near fame from so
+many different sides. Where is the man among
+us who could write another "Virginibus Puerisque,"
+the most delightful volume for the hammock
+ever sung in prose? The poems are as
+exquisite as they are artificial. "Jekyll and
+Hyde" is the greatest triumph extant in Christmas
+literature of the morbid kind. The donkey
+on the Cevennes (how Mr. Stevenson belabored
+him!) only stands second to the "Inland
+Voyage." "Kidnapped" is the outstanding
+boy's book of its generation. "The Black Arrow"
+alone, to my thinking, is second class.
+We shall all be doleful if a marksman who can
+pepper his target with inners does not reach
+the bull's-eye. But it is quite time the great
+work was begun. The sun sinks while the
+climber walks round his mountain, looking for
+the best way up.</p>
+
+<p>Hard necessity has kept some great writers
+from doing their best work, but Mr. Stevenson
+is at last so firmly established that if he continues<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span>
+to be versatile it will only be from choice.
+He has attained a popularity such as is, as
+a rule, only accorded to classic authors or to
+charlatans. For this he has America to thank
+rather than Britain, for the Americans buy his
+books, the only honor a writer's admirers are
+slow to pay him. Mr. Stevenson's reputation
+in the United States is creditable to that country,
+which has given him a position here in
+which only a few saw him when he left. Unfortunately,
+with popularity has come publicity.
+All day the reporters sit on his garden
+wall.</p>
+
+<p>No man has written in a finer spirit of the
+profession of letters than Mr. Stevenson, but
+this gossip vulgarizes it. The adulation of the
+American public and of a little band of clever
+literary dandies in London, great in criticism, of
+whom he has become the darling, has made Mr.
+Stevenson complacent, and he always tended
+perhaps to be a thought too fond of his velvet
+coat. There is danger in the delight with
+which his every scrap is now received. A few
+years ago, when he was his own severest and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>
+sanest critic, he stopped the publication of a
+book after it was in proof&mdash;a brave act. He
+has lost this courage, or he would have rewritten
+"The Black Arrow." There is deterioration
+in the essays he has been contributing
+to an American magazine, graceful and suggestive
+though they are. The most charming of
+living stylists, Mr. Stevenson is self-conscious
+in all his books now and again, but hitherto it
+has been the self-consciousness of an artist with
+severe critics at his shoulder. It has become self-satisfaction.
+The critics have put a giant's
+robe on him, and he has not flung it off. He
+dismisses "Tom Jones" with a simper. Personally
+Thackeray "scarce appeals to us as the
+ideal gentleman; if there were nothing else
+[what else is there?], perpetual nosing after
+snobbery at least suggests the snob." From
+Mr. Stevenson one would not have expected the
+revival of this silly charge, which makes a cabbage
+of every man who writes about cabbages.
+I shall say no more of these ill-considered
+papers, though the sneers at Fielding call for
+indignant remonstrance, beyond expressing a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span>
+hope that they lie buried between magazine
+covers. Mr. Stevenson has reached the critical
+point in his career, and one would like to see
+him back at Bournemouth, writing within high
+walls. We want that big book; we think he
+is capable of it, and so we cannot afford to let
+him drift into the seaweed. About the writer
+with whom his name is so often absurdly linked
+we feel differently. It is as foolish to rail at
+Mr. Rider Haggard's complacency as it would
+be to blame Christopher Sly for so quickly believing
+that he was born a lord.</p>
+
+<p>The key-note of all Mr. Stevenson's writings
+is his indifference, so far as his books are concerned,
+to the affairs of life and death on which
+their minds are chiefly set. Whether man has
+an immortal soul interests him as an artist not
+a whit: what is to come of man troubles him as
+little as where man came from. He is a warm,
+genial writer, yet this is so strange as to seem
+inhuman. His philosophy is that we are but
+as the light-hearted birds. This is our moment
+of being; let us play the intoxicating game of
+life beautifully, artistically, before we fall dead<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span>
+from the tree. We all know it is only in his
+books that Mr. Stevenson can live this life.
+The cry is to arms; spears glisten in the sun;
+see the brave bark riding joyously on the waves,
+the black flag, the dash of red color twisting
+round a mountain-side. Alas! the drummer lies
+on a couch beating his drum. It is a pathetic
+picture, less true to fact now, one rejoices to
+know, than it was recently. A common theory
+is that Mr. Stevenson dreams an ideal life to
+escape from his own sufferings. This sentimental
+plea suits very well. The noticeable thing,
+however, is that the grotesque, the uncanny,
+holds his soul; his brain will only follow a
+colored clew. The result is that he is chiefly
+picturesque, and, to those who want more than
+art for art's sake, never satisfying. Fascinating
+as his verses are, artless in the perfection
+of art, they take no reader a step forward.
+The children of whom he sings so sweetly are
+cherubs without souls. It is not in poetry that
+Mr. Stevenson will give the great book to the
+world, nor will it, I think, be in the form of
+essays. Of late he has done nothing quite so<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>
+fine as "Virginibus Puerisque," though most
+of his essays are gardens in which grow few
+weeds. Quaint in matter as in treatment, they
+are the best strictly literary essays of the day,
+and their mixture of tenderness with humor
+suggests Charles Lamb. Some think Mr. Stevenson's
+essays equal to Lamb's, or greater. To
+that I say, no. The name of Lamb will for
+many a year bring proud tears to English eyes.
+Here was a man, weak like the rest of us, who
+kept his sorrows to himself. Life to him was
+not among the trees. He had loved and lost.
+Grief laid a heavy hand on his brave brow.
+Dark were his nights; horrid shadows in the
+house; sudden terrors; the heart stops beating
+waiting for a footstep. At that door comes
+Tragedy, knocking at all hours. Was Lamb
+dismayed? The tragedy of his life was not
+drear to him. It was wound round those who
+were dearest to him; it let him know that life
+has a glory even at its saddest, that humor and
+pathos clasp hands, that loved ones are drawn
+nearer, and the soul strengthened in the presence
+of anguish, pain, and death. When Lamb<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>
+sat down to write, he did not pull down his
+blind on all that is greatest, if most awful, in
+human life. He was gentle, kindly; but he did
+not play at pretending that there is no cemetery
+round the corner. In Mr. Stevenson's exquisite
+essays one looks in vain for the great
+heart that palpitates through the pages of
+Charles Lamb.</p>
+
+<p>The great work, if we are not to be disappointed,
+will be fiction. Mr. Stevenson is said
+to feel this himself, and, as I understand,
+"Harry Shovel" will be his biggest bid for
+fame. It is to be, broadly speaking, a nineteenth-century
+"Peregrine Pickle," dashed with
+Meredith, and this in the teeth of many admirers
+who maintain that the best of the author
+is Scottish. Mr. Stevenson, however, knows
+what he is about. Critics have said enthusiastically&mdash;for
+it is difficult to write of Mr. Stevenson
+without enthusiasm&mdash;that Alan Breck is as
+good as anything in Scott. Alan Breck is certainly
+a masterpiece, quite worthy of the greatest
+of all story-tellers, who, nevertheless, it
+should be remembered, created these rich side<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span>
+characters by the score, another before dinner-time.
+English critics have taken Alan to their
+hearts, and appreciate him thoroughly; the
+reason, no doubt, being that he is the character
+whom England acknowledges as the Scottish
+type. The Highlands, which are Scotland to
+the same extent as Northumberland is England,
+present such a character to this day, but no
+deep knowledge of Mr. Stevenson's native country
+was required to reproduce him. An artistic
+Englishman or American could have done it.
+Scottish religion, I think, Mr. Stevenson has
+never understood, except as the outsider misunderstands
+it. He thinks it hard because
+there are no colored windows. "The color of
+Scotland has entered into him altogether," says
+Mr. James, who, we gather, conceives in Edinburgh
+Castle a place where tartans glisten in
+the sun, while rocks re-echo bagpipes. Mr.
+James is right in a way. It is the tartan, the
+claymore, the cry that the heather is on fire,
+that are Scotland to Mr. Stevenson. But the
+Scotland of our day is not a country rich in
+color; a sombre gray prevails. Thus, though<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span>
+Mr. Stevenson's best romance is Scottish, that
+is only, I think, because of his extraordinary
+aptitude for the picturesque. Give him any
+period in any country that is romantic, and he
+will soon steep himself in the kind of knowledge
+he can best turn to account. Adventures
+suit him best, the ladies being left behind; and
+so long as he is in fettle it matters little whether
+the scene be Scotland or Spain. The great thing
+is that he should now give to one ambitious
+book the time in which he has hitherto written
+half a dozen small ones. He will have to take
+existence a little more seriously&mdash;to weave broadcloth
+instead of lace.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="REV_WALTER_C_SMITH_DD" id="REV_WALTER_C_SMITH_DD"></a>REV. WALTER C. SMITH, D.D.</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="XI" id="XI"></a>XI.<br /><br />
+
+REV. WALTER C. SMITH, D.D.</h2>
+
+
+<p>During the four winters another and I were
+in Edinburgh, we never entered any but Free
+churches. This seems to have been less on account
+of a scorn for other denominations than
+because we never thought of them. We felt
+sorry for the "men" who knew no better than
+to claim to be on the side of Dr. Macgregor.
+Even our Free kirks were limited to two, St.
+George's and the Free High. After all, we must
+have been liberally minded beyond most of our
+fellows, for, as a rule, those who frequented
+one of these churches shook their heads at the
+other. It is said that Dr. Whyte and Dr. Smith
+have a great appreciation of each other. They,
+too, are liberally minded.</p>
+
+<p>To contrast the two leading Free Church
+ministers in Edinburgh as they struck a student
+would be to become a boy again. The one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>
+is always ready to go on fire, and the other is
+sometimes at hand with a jug of cold water. Dr.
+Smith counts a hundred before he starts, while
+the minister of Free St. George's is off at once
+at a gallop, and would always arrive first at his
+destination if he had not sometimes to turn
+back. He is not only a Gladstonian, but Gladstonian;
+his enthusiasm carries him on as steam
+drives the engine. Dr. Smith being a critic, with
+a faculty of satire, what would rouse the one
+man makes the other smile. Dr. Whyte judges
+you as you are at the moment; Dr. Smith sees
+what you will be like to-morrow. Some years
+ago the defeated side in a great Assembly fight
+met at a breakfast to reason itself into a belief
+that it had gained a remarkable moral victory.
+Dr. Whyte and Dr. Smith were both present,
+and the former was so inspiriting that the
+breakfast became a scene of enthusiasm. Then
+Dr. Smith arose and made a remark about a
+company of Mark Tapleys&mdash;after which the
+meeting broke up.</p>
+
+<p>I have a curious reminiscence of the student
+who most frequently accompanied me to church<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span>
+in Edinburgh. One Sunday when we were
+on our way up slushy Bath Street to Free St.
+George's he discovered that he had not a penny
+for the plate. I suggested to him to give twopence
+next time; but no, he turned back to our
+lodgings for the penny. Some time afterward
+he found himself in the same position when we
+were nearing the Free High. "I'll give twopence
+next time," he said cheerfully. I have
+thought this over since then, and wondered if
+there was anything in it.</p>
+
+<p>The most glorious privilege of the old is to
+assist the young. The two ministers who are
+among the chief pillars of the Free Church in
+Edinburgh are not old yet, but they have had
+a long experience, and the strength and encouragement
+they have been to the young is the
+grand outstanding fact of their ministries.
+Their influence is, of course, chiefly noticeable
+in the divinity men, who make their Bible
+classes so remarkable. There is a sort of Freemasonry
+among the men who have come under
+the influence of Dr. Smith. It seems to have
+steadied them&mdash;to have given them wise rules<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span>
+of life that have taken the noise out of them,
+and left them undemonstrative, quiet, determined.
+You will have little difficulty, as a
+rule, in picking out Dr. Smith's men, whether
+in the pulpit or in private. They have his
+mark, as the Rugby boys were marked by Dr.
+Arnold. Even in speaking of him, they seldom
+talk in superlatives: only a light comes into
+their eye, and you realize what a well-founded
+reverence is. I met lately in London an Irishman
+who, when the conversation turned to Scotland,
+asked what Edinburgh was doing without
+Dr. Smith (who was in America at the time).
+He talked with such obvious knowledge of Dr.
+Smith's teaching, and with such affection for
+the man, that by and by we were surprised to
+hear that he had never heard him preach nor
+read a line of his works. He explained that he
+knew intimately two men who looked upon
+their Sundays in the Free High, and still more
+upon their private talks with the minister, as
+the turning-point in their lives. They were
+such fine fellows, and they were so sure that
+they owed their development to Dr. Smith,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span>
+that to know the followers was to know something
+of the master. This it is to be a touchstone
+to young men.</p>
+
+<p>There are those who think Dr. Smith the
+poet of higher account than Dr. Smith the
+preacher. I do not agree with them, though
+there can be no question that the author of
+"Olrig Grange" and Mr. Alexander Anderson
+are the two men now in Edinburgh who have
+(at times) the divine afflatus. "Surfaceman" is
+a true son of Burns. Of him it may be said,
+as it never can be said of Dr. Smith, that he
+sings because he must. His thoughts run in
+harmonious numbers. The author of "Olrig
+Grange" is the stronger mind, however, and his
+lines are always pregnant of meaning. He is
+of the school of Mr. Lewis Morris, but an immeasurably
+higher intellect if not so fine an
+artist: indeed, though there are hundreds of
+his pages that are not poetry, there are almost
+none that could not be rewritten into weighty
+prose. Sound is never his sole object. Good
+novels in verse are a mistake, for it is quite
+certain they would be better in prose. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span>
+novelist has a great deal to say that cannot be
+said naturally in rhythm, and much of Dr.
+Smith's blank verse is good prose in frills. It
+is driven into an undeserved confinement.</p>
+
+<p>The privilege of critics is to get twelve or
+twenty minor poets in a row, and then blow them
+all over at once. I remember one who despatched
+Dr. Smith with a verse from the book
+under treatment. Dr. Smith writes of a poet's
+verses, "There is no sacred fire in them, Nor
+much of homely sense and shrewd;" and when
+the critic came to these lines he stopped reading:
+he declared that Dr. Smith had passed
+judgment on himself. This is a familiar form
+of criticism, but in the present case it had at
+least the demerit of being false. There is so
+much sacred fire about Dr. Smith's best poetry
+that it is what makes him a poet; and as for
+"homely sense and shrewd," he has simply
+more of it than any contemporary writer of
+verse. It is what gives heart to his satire, and
+keeps him from wounding merely for the
+pleasure of drawing blood. In conjunction
+with the sacred fire, the noble indignation that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span>
+mean things should be, the insight into the
+tragic, it is what makes "Hilda" his greatest
+poem. Without it there could not be pathos,
+which is concerned with little things; nor
+humor, nor, indeed, the flash into men and
+things that makes such a poem as "Dr. Linkletter's
+Scholar" as true as life, as sad as death.
+If only for the sake of that noble piece of writing,
+every Scottish student should have "North-Country
+Folk" in his possession. The poem is
+probably the most noteworthy thing that has
+been said of northern university life.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<p class="transnote">Transcriber's Note:<br /><br />
+
+Minor punctuation errors were corrected.<br /><br />
+
+The following typographical errors were corrected:<br /><br />
+
+Page <a href="#Page_50">50</a>: Changed Calderwod to Calderwood.<br /><br />
+
+Page <a href="#Page_111">111</a>: Changed civiliaztion to civilization.<br /><br />
+
+Page <a href="#Page_128">128</a>: Changed litle to little.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="pg" />
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN***</p>
+<p>******* This file should be named 39203-h.txt or 39203-h.zip *******</p>
+<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br />
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/9/2/0/39203">http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/2/0/39203</a></p>
+<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.</p>
+
+<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.</p>
+
+
+
+<pre>
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license">http://www.gutenberg.org/license)</a>.
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS,' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's
+eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII,
+compressed (zipped), HTML and others.
+
+Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over
+the old filename and etext number.  The replaced older file is renamed.
+VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving
+new filenames and etext numbers.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org">http://www.gutenberg.org</a>
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000,
+are filed in directories based on their release date.  If you want to
+download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular
+search system you may utilize the following addresses and just
+download by the etext year.
+
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/</a>
+
+    (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99,
+     98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90)
+
+EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are
+filed in a different way.  The year of a release date is no longer part
+of the directory path.  The path is based on the etext number (which is
+identical to the filename).  The path to the file is made up of single
+digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename.  For
+example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at:
+
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/0/2/3/10234
+
+or filename 24689 would be found at:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/6/8/24689
+
+An alternative method of locating eBooks:
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL</a>
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/39203.txt b/39203.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..482284b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/39203.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2257 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, An Edinburgh Eleven, by J. M. Barrie
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: An Edinburgh Eleven
+       Pencil Portraits from College Life
+
+
+Author: J. M. Barrie
+
+
+
+Release Date: March 19, 2012  [eBook #39203]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN***
+
+
+E-text prepared by David Edwards, Diane Monico, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
+available by Internet Archive (http://www.archive.org)
+
+
+
+Note: Images of the original pages are available through
+      Internet Archive. See
+      http://www.archive.org/details/edinburghelevenp00barrrich
+
+
+
+
+
+AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN
+
+Pencil Portraits from College Life
+
+by
+
+J. M. BARRIE
+
+Author of
+"The Little Minister," "A Window in Thrums," "When a Man's
+Single," "Auld Licht Idylls," etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+New York
+Lovell, Coryell & Company
+5 And 7 East Sixteenth Street
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                       PAGE
+
+      I. LORD ROSEBERY,                   7
+
+     II. PROFESSOR MASSON,               19
+
+    III. PROFESSOR BLACKIE,              31
+
+     IV. PROFESSOR CALDERWOOD,           41
+
+      V. PROFESSOR TAIT,                 53
+
+     VI. PROFESSOR FRASER,               67
+
+    VII. PROFESSOR CHRYSTAL,             77
+
+   VIII. PROFESSOR SELLAR,               91
+
+     IX. MR. JOSEPH THOMSON,            105
+
+      X. ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON,        115
+
+     XI. REV. WALTER C. SMITH, D.D.,    129
+
+
+
+
+LORD ROSEBERY.
+
+
+
+
+I.
+
+LORD ROSEBERY.
+
+
+The first time I ever saw Lord Rosebery was in Edinburgh when I was a
+student, and I flung a clod of earth at him. He was a peer; those were
+my politics.
+
+I missed him, and I have heard a good many journalists say since then
+that he is a difficult man to hit. One who began by liking him and is
+now scornful, which is just the reverse process from mine, told me the
+reason why. He had some brochures to write on the Liberal leaders, and
+got on nicely till he reached Lord Rosebery, where he stuck. In vain he
+walked round his lordship, looking for an opening. The man was
+naturally indignant; he is the father of a family.
+
+Lord Rosebery is forty-one years of age, and has missed many
+opportunities of becoming the bosom friend of Lord Randolph Churchill.
+They were at Eton together and at Oxford, and have met since. As a boy,
+the Liberal played at horses, and the Tory at running off with other
+boys' caps. Lord Randolph was the more distinguished at the university.
+One day a proctor ran him down in the streets smoking in his cap and
+gown. The undergraduate remarked on the changeability of the weather,
+but the proctor, gasping at such bravado, demanded his name and
+college. Lord Randolph failed to turn up next day at St. Edmund Hall to
+be lectured, but strolled to the proctor's house about dinner-time.
+"Does a fellow, name of Moore, live here?" he asked. The footman
+contrived not to faint. "He do," he replied, severely; "but he are at
+dinner." "Ah! take him in my card," said the unabashed caller. The
+Merton books tell that for this the noble lord was fined ten pounds.
+
+There was a time when Lord Rosebery would have reformed the House of
+Lords to a site nearer Newmarket. As politics took a firmer grip of
+him, it was Newmarket that seemed a long way off. One day at Edinburgh
+he realized the disadvantage of owning swift horses. His brougham had
+met him at Waverley Station to take him to Dalmeny. Lord Rosebery
+opened the door of the carriage to put in some papers, and then turned
+away. The coachman, too well bred to look round, heard the door shut,
+and, thinking that his master was inside, set off at once. Pursuit was
+attempted, but what was there in Edinburgh streets to make up on those
+horses? The coachman drove seven miles, until he reached a point in the
+Dalmeny parks where it was his lordship's custom to alight and open a
+gate. Here the brougham stood for some minutes, awaiting Lord
+Rosebery's convenience. At last the coachman became uneasy and
+dismounted. His brain reeled when he saw an empty brougham. He could
+have sworn to seeing his lordship enter. There were his papers. What
+had happened? With a quaking hand the horses were turned, and, driving
+back, the coachman looked fearfully along the sides of the road. He met
+Lord Rosebery travelling in great good humor by the luggage omnibus.
+
+Whatever is to be Lord Rosebery's future, he has reached that stage in
+a statesman's career when his opponents cease to question his capacity.
+His speeches showed him long ago a man of brilliant parts. His tenure
+of the Foreign Office proved him heavy metal. Were the Gladstonians to
+return to power, the other Cabinet posts might go anywhere, but the
+Foreign Secretary is arranged for. Where his predecessors had clouded
+their meaning in words till it was as wrapped up as a Mussulman's head,
+Lord Rosebery's were the straightforward despatches of a man with his
+mind made up. German influence was spoken of; Count Herbert Bismarck
+had been seen shooting Lord Rosebery's partridges. This was the
+evidence: there has never been any other, except that German methods
+commended themselves to the minister rather than those of France. His
+relations with the French government were cordial. "The talk of
+Bismarck's shadow behind Rosebery," a great French politician said
+lately, "I put aside with a smile; but how about the Jews?" Probably
+few persons realize what a power the Jews are in Europe, and in Lord
+Rosebery's position he is a strong man if he holds his own with them.
+Any fears on that ground have, I should say, been laid by his record at
+the Foreign Office.
+
+Lord Rosebery had once a conversation with Prince Bismarck, to which,
+owing to some oversight, the Paris correspondent of the _Times_ was not
+invited. M. Blowitz only smiled good-naturedly, and of course his
+report of the proceedings appeared all the same. Some time afterward
+Lord Rosebery was introduced to this remarkable man, who, as is well
+known, carries Cabinet appointments in his pocket, and complimented him
+on his report. "Ah, it was all right, was it?" asked Blowitz, beaming.
+Lord Rosebery explained that any fault it had was that it was all
+wrong. "Then if Bismarck did not say that to you," said Blowitz,
+regally, "I know he intended to say it."
+
+The "Uncrowned King of Scotland" is a title that has been made for Lord
+Rosebery, whose country has had faith in him from the beginning. Mr.
+Gladstone is the only other man who can make so many Scotsmen take
+politics as if it were the Highland Fling. Once when Lord Rosebery was
+firing an Edinburgh audience to the delirium point, an old man in the
+hall shouted out, "I dinna hear a word he says, but it's grand, it's
+grand!" During the first Midlothian campaign Mr. Gladstone and Lord
+Rosebery were the father and son of the Scottish people. Lord Rosebery
+rode into fame on the top of that wave, and he has kept his place in
+the hearts of the people, and in oleographs on their walls, ever since.
+In all Scottish matters he has the enthusiasm of a Burns dinner, and
+his humor enables him to pay compliments. When he says agreeable things
+to Scotsmen about their country, there is a twinkle in his eye and in
+theirs to which English scribes cannot give a meaning. He has unveiled
+so many Burns statues that an American lecturess explains: "Curious
+thing, but I feel somehow I am connected with Lord Rosebery. I go to a
+place and deliver a lecture on Burns; they collect subscriptions for a
+statue, and he unveils it." Such is the delight of the Scottish
+students in Lord Rosebery that he may be said to have made the
+triumphal tour of the northern universities as their lord-rector; he
+lost the post in Glasgow lately through a quibble, but had the honor
+with the votes. His address to the Edinburgh undergraduates on
+"Patriotism" was the best thing he ever did outside politics, and made
+the students his for life. Some of them had smuggled into the hall a
+chair with "Gaelic chair" placarded on it, and the lord-rector
+unwittingly played into their hands. In a noble peroration he exhorted
+his hearers to high aims in life. "Raise your country," he exclaimed
+[cheers]; "raise yourselves [renewed cheering]; raise your university
+[thunders of applause]." From the back of the hall came a solemn voice,
+"Raise the chair!" Up went the Gaelic chair.
+
+Even Lord Rosebery's views on imperial federation can become a
+compliment to Scotland. Having been all over the world himself, and
+felt how he grew on his travels, Lord Rosebery maintains that every
+British statesman should visit India and the colonies. He said that
+first at a semi-public dinner in the country--and here I may mention
+that on such occasions he has begun his speeches less frequently than
+any other prominent politician with a statement that others could be
+got to discharge the duty better; in other words, he has several times
+omitted this introduction. On his return to London he was told that his
+colleagues in the Administration had been seeing how his scheme would
+work out. "We found that if your rule were enforced, the Cabinet would
+consist of yourself and Childers." "This would be an ideal cabinet,"
+Lord Rosebery subsequently remarked in Edinburgh, "for it would be
+entirely Scottish," Mr. Childers being member for a Scottish
+constituency.
+
+The present unhappy division of the Liberal party has made enemies of
+friends for no leading man so little as for Lord Rosebery. There are
+forces working against him, no doubt, in comparatively high places, but
+the Unionists have kept their respect for him. His views may be wrong,
+but he is about the only Liberal leader, with the noble exception of
+Lord Hartington, of whom troublous times have not rasped the temper.
+Though a great reader, he is not a literary man like Mr. Morley, who
+would, however, be making phrases where Lord Rosebery would make laws.
+Sir William Harcourt has been spoken of as a possible prime minister,
+but surely it will never come to that. If Mr. Gladstone's successor is
+chosen from those who have followed him on the home-rule question, he
+probably was not rash in himself naming Lord Rosebery.
+
+Lord Rosebery could not now step up without stepping into the
+premiership. His humor, which is his most obvious faculty, has been a
+prop to him many a time ere now, but, if I was his adviser, I should
+tell him that it has served its purpose. There are a great many
+excellent people who shake their heads over it in a man who has become
+a power in the land. "Let us be grave," said Dr. Johnson once to a
+merry companion, "for here comes a fool." In an unknown novel there is
+a character who says of himself that "he is not stupid enough ever to
+be a great man." I happen to know that this reflection was evolved by
+the author out of thinking over Lord Rosebery. It is not easy for a
+bright man to be heavy, and Lord Rosebery's humor is so spontaneous
+that if a joke is made in their company he has always finished laughing
+before Lord Hartington begins. Perhaps when Lord Rosebery is on the
+point of letting his humor run off with him in a public speech, he
+could recover his solemnity by thinking of the _Examiner_.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR MASSON.
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+PROFESSOR MASSON.
+
+
+Though a man might, to my mind, be better employed than in going to
+college, it is his own fault if he does not strike on some one there
+who sends his life off at a new angle. If, as I take it, the glory of a
+professor is to give elastic minds their proper bent, Masson is a name
+his country will retain a grip of. There are men who are good to think
+of, and as a rule we only know them from their books. Something of our
+pride in life would go with their fall. To have one such professor at a
+time is the most a university can hope of human nature; so Edinburgh
+need not expect another just yet. These, of course, are only to be
+taken as the reminiscences of a student. I seem to remember everything
+Masson said, and the way he said it.
+
+Having, immediately before taken lodgings in a crow's nest, my first
+sight of Masson was specially impressive. It was the opening of the
+session, when fees were paid, and a whisper ran round the quadrangle
+that Masson had set off home with three hundred one-pound notes stuffed
+into his trouser pockets. There was a solemn swell of awestruck
+students to the gates, and some of us could not help following him. He
+took his pockets coolly. When he stopped it was at a second-hand
+bookstall, where he rummaged for a long time. Eventually he pounced
+upon a dusty, draggled little volume, and went off proudly with it
+beneath his arm. He seemed to look suspiciously at strangers now, but
+it was not the money but the book he was keeping guard over. His
+pockets, however, were unmistakably bulging out. I resolved to go in
+for literature.
+
+Masson, however, always comes to my memory first knocking nails into
+his desk or trying to tear the gas-bracket from its socket. He said
+that the Danes scattered over England, taking such a hold as a nail
+takes when it is driven into wood. For the moment he saw his desk
+turned into England; he whirled an invisible hammer in the air, and
+down it came on the desk with a crash. No one who has sat under Masson
+can forget how the Danes nailed themselves upon England. His desk is
+thick with their tombstones. It was when his mind groped for an image
+that he clutched the bracket. He seemed to tear his good things out of
+it. Silence overcame the class. Some were fascinated by the man; others
+trembled for the bracket. It shook, groaned, and yielded. Masson said
+another of the things that made his lectures literature; the crisis was
+passed; and everybody breathed again.
+
+He masters a subject by letting it master him; for though his critical
+reputation is built on honesty, it is his enthusiasm that makes his
+work warm with life. Sometimes he entered the class-room so full of
+what he had to say that he began before he reached his desk. If he was
+in the middle of a peroration when the bell rang, even the back benches
+forgot to empty. There were the inevitable students to whom literature
+is a trial, and sometimes they call attention to their sufferings by a
+scraping of the feet. Then the professor tried to fix his eyeglass on
+them, and when it worked properly they were transfixed. As a rule,
+however, it required so many adjustments that by the time his eye took
+hold of it he had remembered that students were made so, and his
+indignation went. Then, with the light in his eye that some
+photographer ought to catch, he would hope that his lecture was not
+disturbing their conversation. It was characteristic of his passion for
+being just that, when he had criticised some writer severely he would
+remember that the back benches could not understand that criticism and
+admiration might go together, unless they were told so again.
+
+The test of a sensitive man is that he is careful of wounding the
+feelings of others. Once, I remember, a student was reading a passage
+aloud, assuming at the same time such an attitude that the professor
+could not help remarking that he looked like a teapot. It was exactly
+what he did look like, and the class applauded. But next moment Masson
+had apologized for being personal. Such reminiscences are what make
+the old literature class-room to thousands of graduates a delight to
+think of.
+
+When the news of Carlyle's death reached the room, Masson could not go
+on with his lecture. Every one knows what Carlyle has said of him; and
+no one who has heard it will ever forget what he has said of Carlyle.
+Here were two men who understood each other. One of the Carlylean
+pictures one loves to dwell on shows them smoking together, with
+nothing breaking the pauses but Mrs. Carlyle's needles. Carlyle told
+Masson how he gave up smoking and then took to it again. He had walked
+from Dumfriesshire to Edinburgh to consult a doctor about his health,
+and was advised to lose his pipe. He smoked no more, but his health did
+not improve, and then one day he walked in a wood. At the foot of a
+tree lay a pipe, a tobacco pouch, a match-box. He saw clearly that this
+was a case of Providential interference, and from that moment he smoked
+again. There the professor's story stops. I have no doubt, though,
+that he nodded his head when Carlyle explained what the pipe and
+tobacco were doing there. Masson's "Milton" is, of course, his great
+work, but for sympathetic analysis I know nothing to surpass his
+"Chatterton." Lecturing on Chatterton one day, he remarked, with a
+slight hesitation, that had the poet mixed a little more in company
+and--and smoked, his morbidness would not have poisoned him. That
+turned my thoughts to smoking, because I meant to be a Chatterton, but
+greater. Since then the professor has warned me against smoking too
+much. He was smoking at the time.
+
+This is no place to follow Masson's career, nor to discuss his work. To
+reach his position one ought to know his definition of a man of
+letters. It is curious, and, like most of his departures from the
+generally accepted, sticks to the memory. By a man of letters he does
+not mean the poet, for instance, who is all soul, so much as the
+strong-brained writer whose guardian angel is a fine sanity. He used to
+mention John Skelton, the Wolsey satirist, and Sir David Lindsay, as
+typical men of letters from this point of view, and it is as a man of
+letters of that class that Masson is best considered. In an age of many
+whipper-snappers in criticism, he is something of a Gulliver.
+
+The students in that class liked to see their professor as well as hear
+him. I let my hair grow long because it only annoyed other people, and
+one day there was dropped into my hand a note containing sixpence and
+the words: "The students sitting behind you present their compliments,
+and beg that you will get your hair cut with the enclosed, as it
+interferes with their view of the professor."
+
+Masson, when he edited _Macmillan's_, had all the best men round him.
+His talk of Thackeray is specially interesting, but he always holds
+that in conversation Douglas Jerrold was unapproachable. Jerrold told
+him a good story of his seafaring days. His ship was lying off
+Gibraltar, and for some hours Jerrold, though only a midshipman, was
+left in charge. Some of the sailors begged to get ashore, and he let
+them, on the promise that they would bring him back some oranges. One
+of them disappeared, and the midshipman suffered for it. More than
+twenty years afterward Jerrold was looking in at a window in the Strand
+when he seemed to know the face of a weatherbeaten man who was doing
+the same thing. Suddenly he remembered, and put his hand on the other's
+shoulder. "My man," he said, "you have been a long time with those
+oranges!" The sailor recognized him, turned white, and took to his
+heels. There is, too, the story of how Dickens and Jerrold made up
+their quarrel at the Garrick Club. It was the occasion on which Masson
+first met the author of "Pickwick." Dickens and Jerrold had not spoken
+for a year, and they both happened to have friends at dinner in the
+strangers' room, Masson being Jerrold's guest. The two hosts sat back
+to back, but did not address each other, though the conversation was
+general. At last Jerrold could stand it no longer. Turning, he
+exclaimed, "Charley, my boy, how are you?" Dickens wheeled round and
+grasped his hand.
+
+Many persons must have noticed that, in appearance, Masson is becoming
+more and more like Carlyle every year. How would you account for it? It
+is a thing his old students often discuss when they meet, especially
+those of them who, when at college, made up their minds to dedicate
+their first book to him. The reason they seldom do it is because the
+book does not seem good enough.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR JOHN STUART BLACKIE.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+PROFESSOR JOHN STUART BLACKIE.
+
+
+Lately I was told that Blackie--one does not say Mr. Cromwell--is no
+longer professor of Greek in Edinburgh University. What nonsense some
+people talk! As if Blackie were not part of the building! In his class
+one day he spoke touchingly of the time when he would have to join
+Socrates in the Elysian fields. A student cheered--no one knows why.
+"It won't be for some time yet," added John Stuart.
+
+Blackie takes his ease at home, in a dressing-gown and straw hat. This
+shows that his plaid really does come off. "My occupation nowadays," he
+said to me recently, "is business, blethers, bothers, beggars, and
+backgammon." He has also started a profession of going to public
+meetings, and hurrying home to write letters to the newspapers about
+them. When the editor shakes the manuscript, a sonnet falls out. I
+think I remember the professor's saying that he had never made five
+shillings by his verses. To my mind they are worth more than that.
+
+Though he has explained them frequently, there is still confusion about
+Blackie's politics. At Manchester they thought he was a Tory, and
+invited him to address them, on that understanding. "I fancy I
+astonished them," the professor said to me. This is quite possible.
+Then he was mistaken for a Liberal. The fact is that Blackie is a
+philosopher, who follows the golden mean. He sees this himself. A
+philosopher who follows the golden mean is thus a man who runs zig-zag
+between two extremes. You will observe that he who does this is some
+time before he arrives anywhere.
+
+The professor has said that he has the strongest lungs in Scotland. Of
+the many compliments that might well be paid him, not the least worthy
+would be this: that he is as healthy mentally as physically. Mrs.
+Norton begins a novel with the remark that one of the finest sights
+conceivable is a well-preserved gentleman of middle age. It will be
+some time yet before Blackie reaches middle age, but there must be
+something wrong with you if you can look at him without feeling
+refreshed. Did you ever watch him marching along Princes Street on a
+warm day, when every other person was broiling in the sun? His head is
+well thrown back, the staff, grasped in the middle, jerks back and
+forward like a weaver's shuttle, and the plaid flies in the breeze.
+Other people's clothes are hanging limp. Blackie carries his breeze
+with him.
+
+A year or two ago Mr. Gladstone, when at Dalmeny, pointed out that he
+had the advantage over Blackie in being of both Highland and Lowland
+extraction. The professor, however, is as Scotch as the thistle or his
+native hills, and Mr. Gladstone, quite justifiably, considers him the
+most outstanding of living Scotsmen. Blackie is not quite sure himself.
+Not long ago I heard him read a preface to a life of Mr. Gladstone that
+was being printed at Smyrna in modern Greek. He told his readers to
+remember that Mr. Gladstone was a great scholar and an upright
+statesman. They would find it easy to do this if they first remembered
+that he was Scottish.
+
+The _World_ included Blackie in its list of "Celebrities at Home." It
+said that the door was opened by a red-headed lassie. That was probably
+meant for local color, and it amused every one who knew Mrs. Blackie.
+The professor is one of the most genial of men, and will show you to
+your room himself, talking six languages. This tends to make the
+conversation one-sided, but he does not mind that. He still writes a
+good deal, spending several hours in his library daily, and his talk is
+as brilliant as ever. His writing nowadays is less sustained than it
+was, and he prefers flitting from one subject to another, to evolving a
+great work. When he dips his pen into an ink-pot, it at once writes a
+sonnet--so strong is the force of habit. Recently he wrote a page about
+Carlyle in a little book issued by the Edinburgh students' bazaar
+committee. In this he reproved Carlyle for having "bias." Blackie
+wonders why people should have bias.
+
+Some readers of this may in their student days have been invited to the
+Greek professor's house to breakfast, without knowing why they were
+selected from among so many. It was not, as they are probably aware,
+because of their classical attainments, for they were too thoughtful to
+be in the prize-list; nor was it because of the charm of their manners
+or the fascination of their conversation. When the professor noticed
+any physical peculiarity about a student, such as a lisp, or a glass
+eye, or one leg longer than the other, or a broken nose, he was at once
+struck by it, and asked him to breakfast. They were very lively
+breakfasts, the eggs being served in tureens; but sometimes it was a
+collection of the maimed and crooked, and one person at the table--not
+the host himself--used to tremble lest, making mirrors of each other,
+the guests should see why they were invited.
+
+Sometimes, instead of asking a student to breakfast, Blackie would
+instruct another student to request his company to tea. Then the two
+students were told to talk about paulo-post futures in the cool of the
+evening, and to read their Greek Testament and to go to the pantomime.
+The professor never tired of giving his students advice about the
+preservation of their bodily health. He strongly recommended a cold
+bath at six o'clock every morning. In winter, he remarked genially, you
+can break the ice with a hammer. According to himself, only one
+enthusiast seems to have followed his advice, and he died.
+
+In Blackie's class-room there used to be a demonstration every time he
+mentioned the name of a distinguished politician. Whether the
+demonstration took the professor by surprise or whether he waited for
+it, will never perhaps be known. But Blackie at least put out the gleam
+in his eye, and looked as if he were angry. "I will say Beaconsfield,"
+he would exclaim (cheers and hisses). "Beaconsfield" (uproar). Then he
+would stride forward, and, seizing the railing, announce his intention
+of saying Beaconsfield until every goose in the room was tired of
+cackling. ("Question.") "Beaconsfield." ("No, no.") "Beaconsfield."
+("Hear, hear," and shouts of "Gladstone.") "Beaconsfield." ("Three
+cheers for Dizzy.") Eventually the class would be dismissed as--(1)
+idiots, (2) a bear garden, (3) a flock of sheep, (4) a pack of
+numskulls, (5) hissing serpents. The professor would retire, apparently
+fuming, to his anteroom, and five minutes afterward he would be playing
+himself down the North Bridge on imaginary bagpipes. This sort of thing
+added a sauce to all academic sessions. There was a notebook also,
+which appeared year after year. It contained the professor's jokes of a
+former session, carefully classified by an admiring student. It was
+handed down from one year's men to the next; and thus, if Blackie began
+to make a joke about haggis, the possessor of the book had only swiftly
+to turn to the H's, find what the joke was, and send it along the class
+quicker than the professor could speak it.
+
+In the old days the Greek professor recited a poem in honor of the end
+of the session. He composed it himself, and, as known to me, it took
+the form of a graduate's farewell to his alma mater. Sometimes he
+would knock a map down as if overcome with emotion, and at critical
+moments a student in the back benches would accompany him on a penny
+trumpet. Now, I believe, the Hellenic Club takes the place of the
+class-room. All the eminent persons in Edinburgh attend its meetings,
+and Blackie, the Athenian, is in the chair. The policeman in Douglas
+Crescent looks skeered when you ask him what takes place on these
+occasions. It is generally understood that toward the end of the
+meeting they agree to read Greek next time.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR CALDERWOOD.
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+PROFESSOR CALDERWOOD.
+
+
+Here is a true story that the general reader may jump, as it is
+intended for Professor Calderwood himself. Some years ago an English
+daily paper reviewed a book entitled "A Handbook of Moral Philosophy."
+The professor knows the work. The "notice" was done by the junior
+reporter, to whom philosophical treatises are generally intrusted. He
+dealt leniently, on the whole, with Professor Calderwood, even giving
+him a word of encouragement here and there. Still the criticism was
+severe. The reviewer subsequently went to Edinburgh University, and
+came out 144th in the class of moral philosophy.
+
+That student is now, I believe, on friendly terms with Professor
+Calderwood, but has never told him this story. I fancy the professor
+would like to know his name. It may perhaps be reached in this way: He
+was the young gentleman who went to his classes the first day in a
+black coat and silk hat, and was cheered round the quadrangle by a body
+of admiring fellow-students, who took him for a professor.
+
+Calderwood contrives to get himself more in touch with the mass of his
+students than some of his fellow-professors, partly because he puts a
+high ideal before himself, and to some extent because his subject is
+one that Scottish students revel in. Long before they join his class
+they know that they are moral philosophers; indeed, they are sometimes
+surer of it before they enrol than afterward. Their essays begin in
+some such fashion as this: "In joining issue with Reid, I wish to take
+no unfair advantage of my antagonist;" or, "Kant is sadly at fault when
+he says that----" or, "It is strange that a man of Locke's attainments
+should have been blind to the fact----" When the professor reads out
+these tit-bits to the class, his eyes twinkle. Some students, of
+course, are not such keen philosophers as others. Does Professor
+Calderwood remember the one who was never struck by anything in moral
+philosophy until he learned by accident that Descartes lay in bed till
+about twelve o'clock every morning? Then it dawned on him that he, too,
+must have been a philosopher all his life without knowing it. One year
+a father and son were in the class. The father got so excited over
+volition and the line that divides right from wrong that he wrenched
+the desk before him from its sockets and hit it triumphantly, meaning
+that he and the professor were at one. He was generally admired by his
+fellow-students, because he was the only one in the class who could cry
+out "Hear, hear," and even "Question," without blushing. The son, on
+the other hand, was _blase_, and would have been an agnostic, only he
+could never remember the name. Once a week Calderwood turns his class
+into a debating society, and argues things out with his students. This
+field-day is a joy to them. Some of them spend the six days previous in
+preparing posers. The worst of the professor is that he never sees that
+they are posers. What is the use of getting up a question of the most
+subtle kind, when he answers it right away? It makes you sit down quite
+suddenly. There is an occasional student who tries to convert liberty
+of speech on the discussion day into license, and of him the professor
+makes short work. The student means to turn the laugh on Calderwood,
+and then Calderwood takes advantage of him, and the other students
+laugh at the wrong person. It is the older students, as a rule, who are
+most violently agitated over these philosophical debates. One with a
+beard cracks his fingers, after the manner of a child in a village
+school that knows who won the battle of Bannockburn, and feels that he
+must burst if he does not let it out at once. A bald-headed man rises
+every minute to put a question, and then sits down, looking stupid. He
+has been trying so hard to remember what it is that he has forgotten.
+There is a legend of two who quarrelled over the Will and fought it out
+on Arthur's Seat.
+
+One year, however, a boy of sixteen or so, with a squeaky voice and a
+stammer, was Calderwood's severest critic. He sat on the back bench,
+and what he wanted to know was something about the infinite. Every
+discussion day he took advantage of a lull in the debate to squeak out,
+"With regard to the infinite," and then could never get any further. No
+one ever discovered what he wanted enlightenment on about the infinite.
+He grew despondent as the session wore on, but courageously stuck to
+his point. Probably he is a soured man now. For purposes of exposition,
+Calderwood has a blackboard in his lecture-room, on which he chalks
+circles that represent the feelings and the will, with arrows shooting
+between them. In my class there was a boy, a very little boy, who had
+been a dux at school and was a dunce at college. He could not make
+moral philosophy out at all, but did his best. Here were his complete
+notes for one day: "Edinburgh University; Class of Moral Philosophy;
+Professor Calderwood; Lecture 64; Jan. 11. 18--You rub out the arrow,
+and there is only the circle left."
+
+Professor Calderwood is passionately fond of music, as those who visit
+at his house know. He is of opinion that there is a great deal of
+moral philosophy in "The Dead March in Saul." Once he said something to
+that effect in his class, adding enthusiastically that he could excuse
+the absence of a student who had been away hearing "The Dead March in
+Saul." After that he received a good many letters from students, worded
+in this way: "Mr. McNaughton (bench 7) presents his compliments to
+Professor Calderwood, and begs to state that his absence from the class
+yesterday was owing to his being elsewhere, hearing 'The Dead March in
+Saul.'" "Dear Professor Calderwood: I regret my absence from the
+lecture to-day, but hope you will overlook it, as I was unavoidably
+detained at home, practising 'The Dead March in Saul.' Yours truly,
+Peter Webster." "Professor Calderwood: Dear Sir,--As I was coming to
+the lecture to-day, I heard 'The Dead March in Saul' being played in
+the street. You will, I am sure, make allowance for my non-attendance
+at the class, as I was too much affected to come. It is indeed a grand
+march. Yours faithfully, John Robbie." "The students whose names are
+subjoined thank the professor of moral philosophy most cordially for
+his remarks on the elevating power of music. They have been encouraged
+thereby to start a class for the proper study of the impressive and
+solemn march to which he called special attention, and hope he will
+excuse them, should their practisings occasionally prevent their
+attendance at the Friday lectures." Professor Calderwood does not
+lecture on "The Dead March in Saul" now.
+
+The class of moral philosophy is not for the few, but the many. Some
+professors do not mind what becomes of the nine students, so long as
+they can force on every tenth. Calderwood, however, considers it his
+duty to carry the whole class along with him; and it is, as a
+consequence, almost impossible to fall behind. The lectures are not
+delivered, in the ordinary sense, but dictated. Having explained the
+subject of the day with the lucidity that is this professor's peculiar
+gift, he condenses his remarks into a proposition. It is as if a
+minister ended his sermon with the text. Thus: "Proposition 34: Man is
+born into the world--(You have got that? See that you have all got
+it.) Man is born into the world with a capacity--with a capacity----"
+(Anxious student: "If you please, professor, where did you say man was
+born into?") "Into the world, with a capacity to distinguish----"
+("With a what, sir?")--"with a capacity to distinguish----" (Student:
+"Who is born into the world?") "Perhaps I have been reading too
+quickly. Man is born into the world, with a capacity to distinguish
+between--distinguish between----" (student shuts his book, thinking
+that completes the proposition)--"distinguish between right and
+wrong--right--and wrong. You have all got Proposition 34, gentlemen?"
+
+Once Calderwood was questioning a student about a proposition, to see
+that he thoroughly understood it. "Give an illustration," suggested the
+professor. The student took the case of a murderer. "Very good," said
+the professor. "Now give me another illustration." The student pondered
+for a little. "Well," he said at length, "take the case of another
+murderer."
+
+Professor Calderwood has such an exceptional interest in his students
+that he asks every one of them to his house. This is but one of many
+things that makes him generally popular; he also invites his ladies'
+class to meet them. The lady whom you take down to supper suggests
+Proposition 41 as a nice thing to talk about, and asks what you think
+of the metaphysics of ethics. Professor Calderwood sees the ladies into
+the cabs himself. It is the only thing I ever heard against him.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR TAIT.
+
+
+
+
+V.
+
+PROFESSOR TAIT.
+
+
+Just as I opened my desk to write enthusiastically of Tait, I
+remembered having recently deciphered a pencil note about him, in my
+own handwriting, on the cover of Masson's "Chronological List," which I
+still keep by me. I turned to the note to see if there was life in it
+yet. "Walls," it says, "got 2s. for T. and T. at Brown's, 16 Walker
+Street." I don't recall Walls, but T. and T. was short for "Thomson and
+Tait's Elements of Natural Philosophy" (elements!), better known in my
+year as the "Student's First Glimpse of Hades." Evidently Walls sold
+his copy, but why did I take such note of the address? I fear T. and T.
+is one of the "Books Which Have Helped Me." This somewhat damps my
+ardor.
+
+When Tait was at Cambridge, it was flung in the face of the
+mathematicians that they never stood high in Scriptural knowledge.
+Tait and another were the two of whom one must be first wrangler, and
+they agreed privately to wipe this stigma from mathematics. They did it
+by taking year about the prize which was said to hang out of their
+reach. It is always interesting to know of professors who have done
+well in Biblical knowledge. All Scottish students at the English
+universities are not so successful. I knew a Snell man who was sent
+back from the Oxford entrance exam., and he always held himself that
+the Biblical questions had done it.
+
+Turner is said by medicals to be the finest lecturer in the university.
+He will never be that so long as Tait is in the natural philosophy
+chair. Never, I think, can there have been a more superb demonstrator.
+I have his burly figure before me. The small twinkling eyes had a
+fascinating gleam in them; he could concentrate them until they held
+the object looked at; when they flashed round the room he seemed to
+have drawn a rapier. I have seen a man fall back in alarm under Tait's
+eyes, though there were a dozen benches between them. These eyes could
+be merry as a boy's, though, as when he turned a tube of water on
+students who would insist on crowding too near an experiment, for
+Tait's was the humor of high spirits. I could conceive him at marbles
+still, and feeling annoyed at defeat. He could not fancy anything much
+funnier than a man missing his chair. Outside his own subject he is
+not, one feels, a six-footer. When Mr. R. L. Stevenson's memoir of the
+late Mr. Fleeming Jenkin was published, Tait said at great length that
+he did not like it; he would have had the sketch by a scientific man.
+But though scientists may be the only men nowadays who have anything to
+say, they are also the only men who can't say it. Scientific men out of
+their sphere know for a fact that novels are not true. So they draw
+back from novelists who write biography. Professor Tait and Mr.
+Stevenson are both men of note, who walk different ways, and when they
+meet neither likes to take the curbstone. If they were tied together
+for life in a three-legged race, which would suffer the more?
+
+But if Tait's science weighs him to the earth, he has a genius for
+sticking to his subject, and I am lost in admiration every time I bring
+back his lectures. It comes as natural to his old students to say when
+they meet, "What a lecturer Tait was!" as to Englishmen to joke about
+the bagpipes. It is not possible to draw a perfect circle, Chrystal
+used to say, after drawing a very fine one. To the same extent it was
+not possible for Tait never to fail in his experiments. The atmosphere
+would be too much for him once in a session, or there were other
+hostile influences at work. Tait warned us of these before proceeding
+to experiment, but we merely smiled. We believed in him as though he
+were a Bradshaw announcing that he would not be held responsible for
+possible errors.
+
+I had forgotten Lindsay--"the mother may forget her child." As I write,
+he has slipped back into his chair on the professor's right, and I
+could photograph him now in his brown suit. Lindsay was the
+imperturbable man who assisted Tait in his experiments, and his father
+held the post before him. When there were many of us together, we could
+applaud Lindsay with burlesque exaggeration, and he treated us
+good-humoredly, as making something considerable between us. But I once
+had to face Lindsay alone, in quest of my certificate; and suddenly he
+towered above me, as a waiter may grow tall when you find that you have
+not money enough to pay the bill. He treated me most kindly; did not
+reply, of course, but got the certificate, and handed it to me as a
+cashier contemptuously shovels you your pile of gold. Long ago I pasted
+up a crack in my window with the certificate, but it said, I remember,
+that I had behaved respectably--so far as I had come under the eyes of
+the professor. Tait was always an enthusiast.
+
+We have been keeping Lindsay waiting. When he had nothing special to
+do, he sat indifferently in his chair, with the face of a precentor
+after the sermon has begun. But though it was not very likely that
+Lindsay would pay much attention to talk about such playthings as the
+laws of nature, his fingers went out in the direction of the professor
+when the experiments began. Then he was not the precentor; he was a
+minister in one of the pews. Lindsay was an inscrutable man, and I
+shall not dare to say that he even half-wished to see Tait fail. He
+only looked on, ready for any emergency; but if the experiment would
+not come off, he was as quick to go to the professor's assistance as a
+member of Parliament is to begin when he has caught the Speaker's eye.
+Perhaps Tait would have none of his aid, or pushed the mechanism for
+the experiment from him--an intimation to Lindsay to carry it quickly
+to the ante-room. Do you think Lindsay read the instructions so? Let me
+tell you that your mind fails to seize hold of Lindsay. He marched the
+machine out of Tait's vicinity as a mother may push her erring boy away
+from his father's arms, to take him to her heart as soon as the door is
+closed. Lindsay took the machine to his seat, and laid it before him on
+the desk, with well-concealed apathy. Tait would flash his eye to the
+right to see what Lindsay was after, and there was Lindsay sitting with
+his arms folded. The professor's lecture resumed its way, and then out
+went Lindsay's hands to the machine. Here he tried a wheel; again he
+turned a screw; in time he had the machine ready for another trial. No
+one was looking his way, when suddenly there was a whizz--bang, bang.
+All eyes were turned upon Lindsay, the professor's among them. A cheer
+broke out as we realized that Lindsay had done the experiment. Was he
+flushed with triumph? Not a bit of it; he was again sitting with his
+arms folded. A Glasgow merchant of modest manners, when cross-examined
+in a law court, stated that he had a considerable monetary interest in
+a certain concern. "How much do you mean by a 'considerable monetary
+interest'?" demanded the contemptuous barrister who was cross-examining
+him. "Oh," said the witness, humbly, "a maiter o' a million an' a
+half--or, say, twa million." That Glasgow man in the witness-box is the
+only person I can think of, when looking about me for a parallel to
+Lindsay. While the professor eyed him and the students deliriously beat
+the floor, Lindsay quietly gathered the mechanism together and carried
+it to the ante-room. His head was not flung back nor his chest forward,
+like one who walked to music. In his hour of triumph he was still
+imperturbable. I lie back in my chair to-day, after the lapse of years,
+and ask myself again, How did Lindsay behave after he entered the
+ante-room, shutting the door behind him? Did he give way? There is no
+one to say. When he returned to the class-room he wore his familiar
+face; a man to ponder over.
+
+There is a legend about the natural philosophy class-room, the period
+long antecedent to Tait. The professor, annoyed by a habit students had
+got into of leaving their hats on his desk, announced that the next hat
+placed there would be cut in pieces by him in presence of the class.
+The warning had its effect, until one day when the professor was called
+for a few minutes from the room. An undergraduate, to whom the natural
+sciences, unrelieved, were a monotonous study, slipped into the
+ante-room, from which he emerged with the professor's hat. This he
+placed on the desk, and then stole in a panic to his seat. An awe fell
+upon the class. The professor returned, but when he saw the hat he
+stopped. He showed no anger. "Gentlemen," he said, "I told you what
+would happen if you again disobeyed my orders." Quite blandly he took a
+pen-knife from his pocket, slit the hat into several pieces, and flung
+them into the sink. While the hat was under the knife, the students
+forgot to demonstrate; but as it splashed into the sink, they gave
+forth a true British cheer. The end.
+
+Close to the door of the natural philosophy room is a window that in my
+memory will ever be sacred to a janitor. The janitors of the university
+were of varied interest, from the merry one who treated us as if we
+were his equals, and the soldier who sometimes looked as if he would
+like to mow us down, to the Head Man of All, whose name I dare not
+write, though I can whisper it. The janitor at the window, however, sat
+there through the long evenings while the Debating Society (of which I
+was a member) looked after affairs of state in an adjoining room. We
+were the smallest society in the university and the longest-winded,
+and I was once nearly expelled for not paying my subscription. Our
+grand debate was, "Is the policy of the government worthy the
+confidence of this society?" and we also read about six essays yearly
+on "The Genius of Robert Burns"; but it was on private business that we
+came out strongest. The question that agitated us most was whether the
+meetings should be opened with prayer, and the men who thought they
+should would not so much as look at the men who thought they should
+not. When the janitor was told that we had begun our private business,
+he returned to his window and slept. His great day was when we could
+not form a quorum, which happened now and then.
+
+Gregory was a member of that society--what has become of Gregory? He
+was one of those men who professors say have a brilliant future before
+them, and who have not since been heard of. Morton, another member, was
+of a different stamp. He led in the debate on "Beauty of the Mind v.
+Beauty of the Body." His writhing contempt for the beauty that is only
+skin-deep is not to be forgotten. How noble were his rhapsodies on the
+beauty of the mind! And when he went to Calderwood's to supper, how
+quick he was to pick out the prettiest girl, who took ten per cent in
+moral philosophy, and to sit beside her all the evening! Morton had a
+way of calling on his friends the night before a degree examination to
+ask them to put him up to as much as would pull him through.
+
+Tait used to get greatly excited over the rectorial elections, and, if
+he could have disguised himself, would have liked, I think, to join in
+the fight round the Brewster statue. He would have bled for the
+Conservative cause, as his utterances on university reform have shown.
+The reformers have some cause for thinking that Tait is a greater man
+in his class room than when he addresses the graduates. He has said
+that the less his students know of his subject when they join his
+class, the less, probably, they will have to unlearn. Such views are
+behind the times that feed their children on geographical biscuits in
+educational nurseries with astronomical ceilings and historical
+wall-papers.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR CAMPBELL FRASER.
+
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+PROFESSOR CAMPBELL FRASER.
+
+
+Not long ago I was back in the Old University--how well I remember
+pointing it out as the jail to a stranger, who had asked me to show him
+round. I was in one of the library ante-rooms, when some one knocked,
+and I looked up, to see Campbell Fraser framed in the doorway. I had
+not looked on that venerable figure for half a dozen years. I had
+forgotten all my metaphysics. Yet it all came back with a rush. I was
+on my feet, wondering if I existed strictly so called.
+
+Calderwood and Fraser had both their followings. The moral philosophers
+wore an air of certainty, for they knew that if they stuck to
+Calderwood he would pull them through. You cannot lose yourself in the
+back garden. But the metaphysicians had their doubts. Fraser led them
+into strange places, and said he would meet them there again next day.
+They wandered to their lodgings, and got into difficulties with their
+landlady for saying that she was only an aggregate of sense phenomena.
+Fraser was rather a hazardous cure for weak intellects. Young men whose
+anchor had been certainty of themselves went into that class floating
+buoyantly on the sea of facts, and came out all adrift--on the sea of
+theory--in an open boat--rudderless--one oar--the boat scuttled. How
+could they think there was any chance for them, when the professor was
+not even sure of himself? I see him rising in a daze from his chair and
+putting his hands through his hair. "Do I exist," he said,
+thoughtfully, "strictly so called?" The students (if it was the
+beginning of the session) looked a little startled. This was a matter
+that had not previously disturbed them. Still, if the professor was in
+doubt, there must be something in it. He began to argue it out, and an
+uncomfortable silence held the room in awe. If he did not exist, the
+chances were that they did not exist either. It was thus a personal
+question. The professor glanced round slowly for an illustration. "Am
+I a table?" A pained look travelled over the class. Was it just
+possible that they were all tables? It is no wonder that the students
+who do not go to the bottom during their first month of metaphysics
+begin to give themselves airs strictly so called. In the privacy of
+their room at the top of the house, they pinch themselves to see if
+they are still there.
+
+He would, I think, be a sorry creature who did not find something to
+admire in Campbell Fraser. Metaphysics may not trouble you, as it
+troubles him, but you do not sit under the man without seeing his
+transparent honesty and feeling that he is genuine. In appearance and
+in habit of thought he is an ideal philosopher, and his communings with
+himself have lifted him to a level of serenity that is worth struggling
+for. Of all the arts professors in Edinburgh, he is probably the most
+difficult to understand, and students in a hurry have called his
+lectures childish. If so, it may be all the better for them. For the
+first half of the hour, they say, he tells you what he is going to do,
+and for the second half he revises. Certainly he is vastly explanatory,
+but then he is not so young as they are, and so he has his doubts. They
+are so cock-sure that they wonder to see him hesitate. Often there is a
+mist on the mountain when it is all clear in the valley.
+
+Fraser's great work is his edition of Berkeley, a labor of love that
+should live after him. He has two Berkeleys, the large one and the
+little one, and, to do him justice, it was the little one he advised us
+to consult. I never read the large one myself, which is in a number of
+monster tomes, but I often had a look at it in the library, and I was
+proud to think that an Edinburgh professor was the editor. When Glasgow
+men came through to talk of their professors, we showed them the big
+Berkeley, and after that they were reasonable. There was one man in my
+year who really began the large Berkeley, but after a time he was
+missing, and it is believed that some day he will be found flattened
+between the pages of the first volume.
+
+The "Selections" was the text-book we used in the class. It is
+sufficient to prove that Berkeley wrote beautiful English. I am not
+sure that any one has written such English since. We have our own
+"stylists," but how self-conscious they are after Berkeley! It is seven
+years since I opened my "Selections," but I see that I was once more of
+a metaphysician than I have been giving myself credit for. The book is
+scribbled over with posers in my handwriting about dualism and primary
+realities. Some of the comments are in short-hand, which I must at one
+time have been able to read, but all are equally unintelligible now.
+Here is one of my puzzlers: "Does B here mean impercipient and
+unperceived subject or conscious and percipient subject?" Observe the
+friendly B. I dare say further on I shall find myself referring to the
+professor as F. I wonder if I ever discovered what B meant. I could not
+now tell what I meant, myself.
+
+As many persons are aware, the "Selections" consist of Berkeley's text
+with the professor's notes thereon. The notes are explanatory of the
+text, and the student must find them an immense help. Here, for
+instance, is a note: "Phenomenal or sense dependent existence can be
+substantiated and caused only by a self-conscious spirit, for otherwise
+there could be no propositions about it expressive of what is
+conceivable; on the other hand, to affirm that phenomenal or sense
+dependent existence, which alone we know, and which alone is
+conceivable, is, or even represents, an inconceivable non-phenomenal or
+abstract existence, would be to affirm a contradiction in terms." There
+we have it.
+
+As a metaphysician I was something of a disappointment. I began well,
+standing, if I recollect aright, in the three examinations, first,
+seventeenth, and seventy-seventh. A man who sat beside me--man was the
+word we used--gazed at me reverently when I came out first, and I could
+see by his eye that he was not sure whether I existed properly so
+called. By the second exam. his doubts had gone, and by the third he
+was surer of me than of himself. He came out fifty-seventh, this being
+the grand triumph of his college course. He was the same whose key
+translated _cras donaberis haedo_ "To-morrow you will be presented with
+a kid," but who, thinking that a little vulgar, refined it down to
+"To-morrow you will be presented with a small child."
+
+In the metaphysics class I was like the fountains in the quadrangle,
+which ran dry toward the middle of the session. While things were still
+looking hopeful for me, I had an invitation to breakfast with the
+professor. If the fates had been so propitious as to forward me that
+invitation, it is possible that I might be a metaphysician to this day,
+but I had changed my lodgings, and, when I heard of the affair, all was
+over. The professor asked me to stay behind one day after the lecture,
+and told me that he had got his note back with "Left: no address" on
+it. "However," he said, "you may keep this," presenting me with the
+invitation for the Saturday previously. I mention this to show that
+even professors have hearts. That letter is preserved with the
+autographs of three editors, none of which anybody can read.
+
+There was once a medical student who came up to my rooms early in the
+session, and I proved to him in half an hour that he did not exist. He
+got quite frightened, and I can still see his white face as he sat
+staring at me in the gloaming. This shows what metaphysics can do. He
+has recovered, however, and is sheep-farming now, his examiners never
+having asked him the right questions.
+
+The last time Fraser ever addressed me was when I was capped. He said,
+"I congratulate you, Mr. Smith," and one of the other professors said,
+"I congratulate you, Mr. Fisher." My name is neither Smith nor Fisher,
+but no doubt the thing was kindly meant. It was then, however, that the
+professor of metaphysics had his revenge on me. I had once spelt Fraser
+with a "z."
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR CHRYSTAL.
+
+
+
+
+VII.
+
+PROFESSOR CHRYSTAL.
+
+
+When Chrystal came to Edinburgh, he rooted up the humors of the
+class-room as a dentist draws teeth. Souls were sold for keys that
+could be carried in the waistcoat pocket. Ambition fell from heights,
+and lay with its eye on a certificate. By night was a rush of ghosts,
+shrieking for passes. Horse-play fled before the Differential Calculus
+in spectacles.
+
+I had Chrystal's first year, and recall the gloomy student sitting
+before me who hacked "All hope abandon, ye who enter here" into a desk
+that may have confined Carlyle. It took him a session, and he was
+digging his own grave, for he never got through; but it was something
+to hold by, something he felt sure of. All else was spiders' webs in
+chalk.
+
+Chrystal was a fine hare for the hounds who could keep up with him. He
+started off the first day with such a spurt that most of us were left
+behind mopping our faces, and saying, "Here's a fellow," which is what
+Mr. Stevenson says Shakespeare would have remarked about Mr. George
+Meredith. We never saw him again. The men who were on speaking
+acquaintance with his symbols revelled in him as students love an
+enthusiast who is eager to lead them into a world toward which they
+would journey. He was a rare guide for them. The bulk, however, lost
+him in labyrinths. They could not but admire their brilliant professor;
+but while their friend the medallist and he kept the conversation to
+themselves, they felt like eavesdroppers hearkening to a pair of
+lovers. It is "beautiful," they cried, "but this is no place for us;
+let us away."
+
+A good many went, but their truancy stuck in their throats like Otway's
+last roll. The M.A. was before them. They had fancied it in their
+hands, but it became shy as a maiden from the day they learned
+Chrystal's heresy that Euclid is not mathematics, but only some riders
+in it. This snapped the cord that had tied the blind man to his dog,
+and the M.A. shot down the horizon. When Rutherford delivered his first
+lecture in the chair of institutes of medicine, boisterous students
+drowned his voice, and he flung out of the room. At the door he paused
+to say, "Gentleman, we shall meet again at Philippi." A dire bomb was
+this in the midst of them, warranted to go off, none able to cast it
+overboard. We too had our Philippi before us. Chrystal could not be
+left to his own devices.
+
+I had never a passion for knowing that when circles or triangles
+attempt impossibilities it is absurd; and _x_ was an unknown quantity I
+was ever content to walk round about. To admit to Chrystal that we
+understood _x_ was only a way he had of leading you on to _y_ and _z_.
+I gave him his chance, however, by contributing a paper of answers to
+his first weekly set of exercises. When the hour for returning the
+slips came round, I was there to accept fame--if so it was to be--with
+modesty; and if it was to be humiliation, still to smile. The professor
+said there was one paper, with an owner's name on it, which he could
+not read, and it was handed along the class to be deciphered. My
+presentiment that it was mine became a certainty when it reached my
+hand; but I passed it on pleasantly, and it returned to Chrystal, a
+Japhet that never found its father. Feeling that the powers were
+against me, I then retired from the conflict, sanguine that the
+teaching of my mathematical schoolmaster, the best that could be, would
+pull me through. The Disowned may be going the round of the class-room
+still.
+
+The men who did not know when they were beaten returned to their seats,
+and doggedly took notes, their faces lengthening daily. Their
+note-books reproduced exactly the hieroglyphics of the blackboard, and,
+examined at night, were as suggestive as the photographs of persons one
+has never seen. To overtake Chrystal after giving him a start was the
+presumption that is an offshoot from despair. There was once an elderly
+gentleman who for years read the _Times_ every day from the first page
+to the last. For a fortnight he was ill of a fever; but, on recovering,
+he began at the copy of the _Times_ where he had left off. He
+struggled magnificently to make up on the _Times_, but it was in vain.
+This is an allegory for the way these students panted after Chrystal.
+
+Some succumbed and joined the majority--literally; for to mathematics
+they were dead. I never hear of the old university now, nor pass under
+the shadow of the walls one loves when he is done with them, without
+seeing myself as I was the day I matriculated, an awestruck boy,
+passing and repassing the gates, frightened to venture inside,
+breathing heavily at sight of janitors, Scott and Carlyle in the air.
+After that I see nothing fuller of color than the meetings that were
+held outside Chrystal's door. Adjoining it is a class-room so little
+sought for that legend tells of its door once showing the notice,
+"There will be no class to-day, as the student is unwell." The crowd
+round Chrystal's could have filled that room. It was composed of
+students hearkening at the door to see whether he was to call their
+part of the roll to-day. If he did, they slunk in; if not, the crowd
+melted into the streets, this refrain in their ears:
+
+     "I'm plucked, I do admit;
+       I'm spun, my mother dear:
+     Yet do not grieve for that
+       Which happens every year.
+     I've waited very patiently,
+       I may have long to wait;
+     But you've another son, mother,
+       And he will graduate."
+
+A professor of mathematics once brought a rowdy student from the back
+benches to a seat beside him, because: "First, you'll be near the
+board; second, you'll be near me; and, third, you'll be near the door."
+Chrystal soon discovered that students could be too near the door, and
+he took to calling the roll in the middle of the hour, which insured an
+increased attendance. It was a silent class, nothing heard but the
+patter of pencils, rats scraping for grain, of which there was
+abundance, but not one digestion in a bench. To smuggle in a novel up
+one's waistcoat was perilous, Chrystal's spectacles doing their work.
+At a corner of the platform sat the assistant, with a constable's
+authority, but, not formed for swooping, uneasy because he had legs,
+and where to put them he knew not. He got through the hour by shifting
+his position every five minutes; and, sitting there waiting, he
+reminded one of the boy who, on being told to remain so quietly where
+he was that he could hear a pin drop, held his breath a moment, then
+shouted, "Let it drop!" An excellent fellow was this assistant, who
+told us that one of his predecessors had got three months.
+
+A jest went as far in that class as a plum in the midshipmen's pudding,
+and, you remember, when the middies came on a plum they gave three
+cheers. In the middle of some brilliant reasoning, Chrystal would stop
+to add 4, 7, and 11. Addition of this kind was the only thing he could
+not do, and he looked to the class for help--"20," they shouted, "24,"
+"17," while he thought it over. These appeals to their intelligence
+made them beam. They woke up as a sleepy congregation shakes itself
+into life when the minister says, "I remember when I was a little
+boy----"
+
+The daring spirits--say, those who were going into their father's
+office, and so did not look upon Chrystal as a door locked to their
+advancement--sought to bring sunshine into the room. Chrystal soon had
+the blind down on that. I hear they have been at it recently, with the
+usual result. To relieve the monotony, a student at the end of bench
+ten dropped a marble, which toppled slowly downward toward the
+professor. At every step it took, there was a smothered guffaw; but
+Chrystal, who was working at the board, did not turn his head. When the
+marble reached the floor, he said, still with his back to the class,
+"Will the student at the end of bench ten, who dropped that marble,
+stand up?" All eyes dilated. He had counted the falls of the marble
+from step to step. Mathematics do not obscure the intellect.
+
+Twenty per cent was a good percentage in Chrystal's examinations;
+thirty sent you away whistling. As the M.A. drew nigh, students on
+their prospects might have been farmers discussing the weather. Some
+put their faith in the professor's goodness of heart, of which
+symptoms had been showing. He would not, all at once, "raise the
+standard"--hated phrase until you are through, when you write to the
+papers advocating it. Courage! was it not told of the Glasgow Snell
+competition that one of the competitors, as soon as he saw the first
+paper, looked for his hat and the door; that he was forbidden to
+withdraw until an hour had elapsed, and that he then tackled the paper
+and ultimately carried off the Snell? Of more immediate interest,
+perhaps, was the story of the quaking student, whose neighbor handed
+him in pencil, beneath the desk, the answer to several questions. It
+was in an M.A. exam., and the affrighted student found that he could
+not read his neighbor's notes. Trusting to fortune, he inclosed them
+with his own answers, writing at the top, "No time to write these out
+in ink, so inclose them in pencil." He got through: no moral.
+
+A condemned criminal wondering if he is to get a reprieve will not feel
+the position novel if he has loitered in a university quadrangle
+waiting for the janitor to nail up the results of a degree exam. A
+queer gathering we were, awaiting the verdict of Chrystal. Some
+compressed their lips, others were lively as fireworks dipped in water;
+there were those who rushed round and round the quadrangle; only one
+went the length of saying that he did not want to pass. H. I shall call
+him. I met him the other day in Fleet Street, and he annoyed me by
+asking at once if I remembered the landlady I quarrelled with because
+she wore my socks to church of a Sunday: we found her out one wet
+forenoon. H. waited the issue with a cigar in his mouth. He had
+purposely, he explained, given in a bad paper. He could not understand
+why men were so anxious to get through. He had ten reasons for wishing
+to be plucked. We let him talk. The janitor appeared with the fateful
+paper, and we lashed about him like waves round a lighthouse, all but
+H., who strolled languidly to the board to which the paper was being
+fastened. A moment afterward I heard a shriek: "I'm through! I'm
+through!" It was H. His cigar was dashed aside, and he sped like an
+arrow from the bow to the nearest telegraph office, shouting "I'm
+through!" as he ran.
+
+Those of us who had H.'s fortune now consider Chrystal made to order
+for his chair, but he has never, perhaps, had a proper appreciation of
+the charming fellows who get ten per cent.
+
+
+
+
+PROFESSOR SELLAR.
+
+
+
+
+VIII.
+
+PROFESSOR SELLAR.
+
+
+When one of the distinguished hunting ladies who chase celebrities
+captured Mr. Mark Pattison, he gave anxious consideration to the
+quotation which he was asked to write above his name. "Fancy," he said
+with a shudder, "going down to posterity arm in arm with _carpe diem_!"
+Remembering this, I forbear tying Sellar to _odi profanum vulgus_. Yet
+the name opens the door to the quotation. Sellar is a Roman senator. He
+stood very high at Oxford, and took a prize for boxing. If you watch
+him in the class, you will sometimes see his mind murmuring that
+Edinburgh students do not take their play like Oxford men. The
+difference is in manner. A courteous fellow-student of Sellar once
+showed his relatives over Balliol. "You have now, I think," he said at
+last, "seen everything of interest except the master." He flung a
+stone at a window, at which the master's head appeared immediately,
+menacing, wrathful. "And now," concluded the polite youth, "you have
+seen him also."
+
+Mr. James Payn, who never forgave the Scottish people for pulling down
+their blinds on Sundays, was annoyed by the halo they have woven around
+the name "professor." He knew an Edinburgh lady who was scandalized
+because that mere poet, Alexander Smith, coolly addressed professors by
+their surnames. Mr. Payn might have known what it is to walk in the
+shadow of a Senatus Academicus could he have met such specimens as
+Sellar, Fraser, Tait, and Sir Alexander Grant marching down the Bridges
+abreast. I have seen them: an inspiriting sight. The pavement only held
+three. You could have shaken hands with them from an upper window.
+
+Sellar's treatment of his students was always that of a fine gentleman.
+Few got near him; all respected him. At times he was addressed in an
+unknown tongue, but he kept his countenance. He was particular about
+students keeping to their proper benches, and once thought he had
+caught a swarthy north countryman straying. "You are in your wrong
+seat, Mr. Orr." "Na, am richt eneuch." "You should be in the seat in
+front. That is bench 12, and you are entered on bench 10." "Eh? This is
+no bench twal, [counting] twa, fower, sax, aucht, ten." "There is
+something wrong." "Oh-h-h, [with sudden enlightenment] ye've been
+coontin' the first dask; we dinna coont the first dask." The professor
+knew the men he had to deal with too well to scorn this one, who turned
+out to be a fine fellow. He was the only man I ever knew who ran his
+medical and arts classes together, and so many lectures had he to
+attend daily that he mixed them up. He graduated, however, in both
+faculties in five years, and the last I heard of him was that, when
+applying for a medical assistantship, he sent his father's photograph
+because he did not have one of himself. He was a man of brains as well
+as sinew, and dined briskly on a shilling a week.
+
+There was a little fellow in the class who was a puzzle to Sellar,
+because he was higher sitting than standing: when the professor asked
+him to stand up, he stood down. "Is Mr. Blank not present?" Sellar
+would ask. "Here, sir," cried Blank. "Then, will you stand up, Mr.
+Blank?" (Agony of Blank, and a demonstration of many feet.) "Are you
+not prepared, Mr. Blank?" "Yes, sir. _Pastor quum traharet_----" "I
+insist on your standing up, Mr. Blank." Several students rise to their
+feet to explain, but subside. "Yes, sir. _Pastor quum traharet
+per_----" "I shall mark you 'Not prepared,' Mr. Blank." (Further
+demonstration, and then an indignant squeak from Blank.) "If you
+please, sir, I am standing." "But, in that case, how is it? Ah, oh, ah,
+yes; proceed, Mr. Blank." As one man was only called upon for
+exhibition five or six times in a year, the professor had always
+forgotten the circumstances when he asked Blank to stand up again.
+Blank was looked upon by his fellow-students as a practical jest, and
+his name was always received with the prolonged applause which greets
+the end of an after-dinner speech.
+
+Sellar never showed resentment to the students who addressed him as
+Professor Sellars.
+
+One day the professor was giving out some English to be translated into
+Latin prose. He read on--"and fiercely lifting the axe with both
+hands----" when a cheer from the top bench made him pause. The cheer
+spread over the room like an uncorked gas. Sellar frowned, but
+proceeded--"lifting the axe----" when again the class became demented.
+"What does this mean?" he demanded, looking as if he, too, could lift
+the axe. "Axe!" shouted a student in explanation. Still Sellar could
+not solve the riddle. Another student rose to his assistance.
+"Axe--Gladstone!" he cried. Sellar sat back in his chair. "Really,
+gentlemen," he said, "I take the most elaborate precautions against
+touching upon politics in this class, but sometimes you are beyond me.
+Let us continue--'and fiercely lifting his weapon with both hands----'"
+
+The duxes from the schools suffered a little during their first year,
+from a feeling that they and Sellar understood each other. He liked to
+undeceive them. We had one, all head, who went about wondering at
+himself. He lost his bursary on the way home with it, and still he
+strutted. Sellar asked if we saw anything peculiar in a certain line
+from Horace. We did not. We were accustomed to trust to Horace's
+reputation, all but the dandy. "Eh--ah! professor," he lisped; "it
+ought to have been so and so." Sellar looked at this promising plant
+from the schools, and watered him without a rose on the pan. "Depend
+upon it, Mr.--ah, I did not catch your name, if it ought to have been
+so and so, Horace would have made it so and so."
+
+Sellar's face was proof against wit. It did not relax till he gave it
+liberty. You could never tell from it what was going on inside. He read
+without a twitch a notice on his door: "Found in this class a
+gold-headed pencil case; if not claimed within three days will be sold
+to defray expenses." He even withstood the battering-ram on the day of
+the publication of his "Augustan Poets." The students could not let
+this opportunity pass. They assailed him with frantic applause; every
+bench was a drum to thump upon. His countenance said nothing. The drums
+had it in the end, though, and he dismissed the class with what is
+believed to have verged on a smile. Like the lover who has got his
+lady's glance, they at once tried for more, but no.
+
+Most of us had Humanity our first year, which is the year for
+experimenting. Then is the time to join the university library. The
+pound, which makes you a member, has never had its poet. You can
+withdraw your pound when you please. There are far-seeing men who work
+the whole thing out by mathematics. Put simply, this is the notion. In
+the beginning of the session you join the library, and soon you forget
+about your pound; you reckon without it. As the winter closes in, and
+the coal-bunk empties; or you find that five shillings a week for
+lodgings is a dream that cannot be kept up; or your coat assumes more
+and more the color identified with spring; or you would feast your
+friends for once right gloriously; or next Wednesday is your little
+sister's birthday; you cower, despairing, over a sulky fire. Suddenly
+you are on your feet, all aglow once more. What is this thought that
+sends the blood to your head? That library pound! You had forgotten
+that you had a bank. Next morning you are at the university in time to
+help the library door to open. You ask for your pound; you get it. Your
+hand mounts guard over the pocket in which it rustles. So they say. I
+took their advice and paid in my money; then waited exultingly to
+forget about it. In vain. I always allowed for that pound, in my
+thoughts. I saw it as plainly, I knew its every feature as a schoolboy
+remembers his first trout. Not to be hasty, I gave my pound two months,
+and then brought it home again. I had a fellow-student who lived across
+the way from me. We railed at the library-pound theory at open windows
+over the life of the street; a beautiful dream, but mad, mad.
+
+He was an enthusiast, and therefore happy, whom I have seen in the
+Humanity class-room on an examination day, his pen racing with time,
+himself seated in the contents of an ink bottle. Some stories of exams.
+have even a blacker ending. I write in tears of him who, estimating his
+memory as a leaky vessel, did with care and forethought draw up a crib
+that was more condensed than a pocket cyclopaedia, a very Liebig's
+essence of the classics, tinned meat for students in the eleventh hour.
+Bridegrooms have been known to forget the ring; this student forgot his
+crib. In the middle of the examination came a nervous knocking at the
+door. A lady wanted to see the professor at once. The student looked
+up, to see his mother handing the professor his crib. Her son had
+forgotten it; she was sure that it was important, so she had brought it
+herself.
+
+Jump the body of this poor victim. There was no M.A. for him that year;
+but in our gowns and sashes we could not mourn for a might-have-been.
+Soldiers talk of the Victoria cross, statesmen of the Cabinet, ladies
+of a pearl set in diamonds. These are pretty baubles, but who has
+thrilled as the student that with bumping heart strolls into
+Middlemass' to order his graduate's gown? He hires it--five
+shillings--but the photograph to follow makes it as good as his for
+life. Look at him, young ladies, as he struts to the Synod Hall to have
+M.A. tacked to his name. Dogs do not dare bark at him. His gait is
+springy; in Princes Street he is as one who walks upstairs. Gone to me
+are those student days forever, but I can still put a photograph before
+me of a ghost in gown and cape, the hair straggling under the cap as
+tobacco may straggle over the side of a tin when there is difficulty in
+squeezing down the lid. How well the little black jacket looks, how
+vividly the wearer remembers putting it on. He should have worn a
+dress-coat, but he had none. The little jacket resembled one with the
+tails off, and, as he artfully donned his gown, he backed against the
+wall so that no one might know.
+
+To turn up the light on old college days is not always the signal for
+the dance. You are back in the dusty little lodging, with its battered
+sofa, its slippery tablecloth, the prim array of books, the picture of
+the death of Nelson, the peeling walls, the broken clock; you are
+again in the quadrangle with him who has been dead this many a year.
+There are tragedies in a college course. Dr. Walter Smith has told in a
+poem mentioned elsewhere of the brilliant scholar who forgot his
+dominie; some, alas! forget their mother. There are men--I know it--who
+go mad from loneliness; and medallists ere now have crept home to die.
+The capping-day was the end of our springtide, and for some of us the
+summer was to be brief. Sir Alexander, gone into the night since then,
+flung "I mekemae" at us as we trooped past him, all in bud, some small
+flower to blossom in time, let us hope, here and there.
+
+
+
+
+MR. JOSEPH THOMSON.
+
+
+
+
+IX.
+
+MR. JOSEPH THOMSON.
+
+
+Two years hence Joseph Thomson's reputation will be a decade old,
+though he is at present only thirty years of age. When you meet him for
+the first time you conclude that he must be the explorer's son. His
+identity, however, can always be proved by simply mentioning Africa in
+his presence. Then he draws himself up, and his eyes glisten, and he is
+thinking how glorious it would be to be in the Masai country again,
+living on meat so diseased that it crumbled in the hand like
+short-bread.
+
+Gatelaw-bridge Quarry, in Dumfriesshire, is famous for Old Mortality
+and Thomson, the latter (when he is at the head of a caravan) being as
+hardheaded as if he had been cut out of it. He went to school at
+Thornhill, where he spent great part of his time in reading novels, and
+then he matriculated at Edinburgh University, where he began to
+accumulate medals. Geology and kindred studies were his favorites
+there. One day he heard that Keith Johnston, then on the point of
+starting for Africa, wanted a lieutenant. Thomson was at that time
+equally in need of a Keith Johnston, and everybody who knew him saw
+that the opening and he were made for each other. Keith Johnston and
+Thomson went out together, and Johnston died in the jungle. This made a
+man in an hour of a stripling. Most youths in Thomson's position at
+that turning-point of his career would have thought it judicious to
+turn back, and in geographical circles it would have been considered
+highly creditable had he brought his caravan to the coast intact.
+Thomson, however, pushed on, and did everything that his dead leader
+had hoped to do. From that time his career has been followed by every
+one interested in African exploration, and by his countrymen with some
+pride in addition. When an expedition was organized for the relief of
+Emin Pacha, there was for a time some probability of Thomson's having
+the command.
+
+He and Stanley differed as to the routes that should be taken, and
+subsequent events have proved that Thomson's was the proper one.
+
+Thomson came over from Paris at that time to consult with the
+authorities, and took up his residence in the most overgrown hotel in
+London. His friends here organized an expedition for his relief. They
+wandered up and down the endless stairs looking for him, till, had they
+not wanted to make themselves a name, they would have beaten a retreat.
+He also wandered about looking for them, and at last they met. The
+leader of the party, restraining his emotion, lifted his hat, and said,
+"Mr. Thomson, I presume?" This is how I found Thomson.
+
+The explorer had been for some months in Paris at that time, and France
+did him the honor of translating his "Through Masailand" into French.
+In this book there is a picture of a buffalo tossing Thomson in the
+air. This was after he had put several bullets into it, and in the
+sketch he is represented some ten feet from the ground, with his gun
+flying one way and his cap another. "It was just as if I were
+distributing largess to the natives," the traveller says now, though
+this idea does not seem to have struck him at the time. He showed the
+sketch to a Parisian lady, who looked at it long and earnestly. "Ah, M.
+Thomson," she said at length, "but how could you pose like that?"
+
+Like a good many other travellers, including Mr. Du Chaillu, who says
+he is a dear boy, Thomson does not smoke. Stanley, however, smokes very
+strong cigars, as those who have been in his sumptuous chambers in Bond
+Street can testify. All the three happen to be bachelors, though;
+because, one of them says, after returning from years of lonely travel,
+a man has such a delight in female society that to pick and choose
+would be invidious. Yet they have had their chance. An African race
+once tried to bribe Mr. Du Chaillu with a kingdom and over eight
+hundred wives--"the biggest offer," he admits, "I ever had in one day."
+
+Among the lesser annoyances to which Thomson was subjected in Africa
+was the presence of rats in the night-time, which he had to brush away
+like flies. Until he was asked whether there was not danger in this, it
+never seems to have struck him that it was more than annoying. Yet
+though he and the two other travellers mentioned (doubtless they are
+not alone in this) have put up cheerfully with almost every hardship
+known to man, this does not make them indifferent to the comforts of
+civilization when they return home. Du Chaillu was looking very
+comfortable in a house-boat the other day, where his hosts thought they
+were "roughing it"--with a male attendant; and in Stanley's easy-chairs
+you sink to dream. The last time I saw Thomson in his rooms in London
+he was on his knees, gazing in silent rapture at a china saucer with a
+valuable crack in it.
+
+If you ask Thomson what was the most dangerous expedition he ever
+embarked on, he will probably reply, "Crossing Piccadilly." The finest
+thing that can be said of him is that during these four expeditions he
+never once fired a shot at a native. Other explorers have had to do so
+to save their lives. There were often occasions when Thomson could have
+done it, to save his life to all appearance, too. The result of his
+method of progressing is that where he has gone--and he has been in
+parts of Africa never before trod by the white man--he really has
+"opened up the country" for those who care to follow him. Civilization
+by bullet has only closed it elsewhere. Yet though there is an
+abundance of Scotch caution about him, he is naturally an impulsive
+man, more inclined personally to march straight on than to reach his
+destination by a safer if more circuitous route. Where only his own
+life is concerned, he gives you the impression of one who might be
+rash; but his prudence at the head of a caravan is at the bottom of the
+faith that is placed in him. According to a story that got into the
+papers years ago, M. de Brazza once quarrelled with Thomson in Africa,
+and all but struck him. Thomson was praised for keeping his temper. The
+story was a fabrication, but I fear that if M. de Brazza had behaved
+like this, Thomson would not have remembered to be diplomatic till
+some time afterward. A truer tale might be told of an umbrella,
+gorgeous and wonderful to behold, that De Brazza took to Africa to
+impress the natives with, and which Thomson subsequently presented to a
+dusky monarch.
+
+The explorer has never shot a lion, though he has tracked a good many
+of them. Once he thought he had one. It was reclining in a little
+grove, and Thomson felt that it was his at last. With a trusty native
+he crept forward till he could obtain a good shot, and then fired. In
+breathless suspense he waited for its spring, and then when it did not
+spring he saw that he had shot it through the heart. However, it turned
+out only to be a large stone.
+
+The young Scotchman sometimes thinks of the tremendous effect it would
+have had on the natives had he been the possessor of a complete set of
+artificial teeth. This is because he has one artificial tooth.
+Happening to take it out one day, an awe filled all who saw him, and
+from that hour he was esteemed a medicine man. Another excellent way of
+impressing Africa with the grandeur of Britain was to take a
+photograph. When the natives saw the camera aimed at them, they fell to
+the ground vanquished.
+
+When Thomson was recently in this country, he occasionally took a walk
+of twenty or thirty miles to give him an appetite for dinner. This he
+calls a stroll. One day he strolled from Thornhill to Edinburgh, had
+dinner, and then went to the Exhibition. In appearance he is tall and
+strongly knit rather than heavily built, and if you see him more than
+once in the same week you discover that he has still an interest in
+neck-ties. Perhaps his most remarkable feat consisted in taking a
+bottle of brandy into the heart of Africa, and bringing it back
+intact.
+
+
+
+
+ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.
+
+
+
+
+X.
+
+ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.
+
+
+Some men of letters, not necessarily the greatest, have an
+indescribable charm to which we give our hearts. Thackeray is the young
+man's first love. Of living authors, none perhaps bewitches the reader
+more than Mr. Stevenson, who plays upon words as if they were a musical
+instrument. To follow the music is less difficult than to place the
+musician. A friend of mine, who, like Mr. Grant Allen, reviews 365
+books a year, and 366 in leap years, recently arranged the novelists of
+to-day in order of merit. Meredith, of course, he wrote first, and then
+there was a fall to Hardy. "Haggard," he explained, "I dropped from the
+Eiffel Tower; but what can I do with Stevenson? I can't put him before
+'Lorna Doone.'" So Mr. Stevenson puzzles the critics, fascinating them
+until they are willing to judge him by the great work he is to write
+by and by when the little books are finished. Over "Treasure Island" I
+let my fire die in winter without knowing that I was freezing. But the
+creator of Alan Breck has now published nearly twenty volumes. It is so
+much easier to finish the little works than to begin the great one, for
+which we are all taking notes.
+
+Mr. Stevenson is not to be labelled novelist. He wanders the byways of
+literature without any fixed address. Too much of a truant to be
+classified with the other boys, he is only a writer of fiction in the
+sense that he was once an Edinburgh University student because now and
+again he looked in at his classes when he happened to be that way. A
+literary man without a fixed occupation amazes Mr. Henry James, a
+master in the school of fiction which tells, in three volumes, how
+Hiram K. Wilding trod on the skirt of Alice M. Sparkins without
+anything's coming of it. Mr. James analyzes Mr. Stevenson with immense
+cleverness, but without summing up. That "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"
+should be by the author of "Treasure Island," "Virginibus Puerisque"
+by the author of "The New Arabian Nights," "A Child's Garden of Verses"
+by the author of "Prince Otto," are to him the three degrees of
+comparison of wonder, though for my own part I marvel more that the
+author of "Daisy Miller" should be Mr. Stevenson's eulogist. One
+conceives Mr. James a boy in velveteens looking fearfully at Stevenson
+playing at pirates.
+
+There is nothing in Mr. Stevenson's sometimes writing essays, sometimes
+romances, and anon poems to mark him versatile beyond other authors.
+One dreads his continuing to do so, with so many books at his back,
+lest it means weakness rather than strength. He experiments too long;
+he is still a boy wondering what he is going to be. With Cowley's
+candor he tells us that he wants to write something by which he may be
+forever known. His attempts in this direction have been in the nature
+of trying different ways, and he always starts off whistling. Having
+gone so far without losing himself, he turns back to try another road.
+Does his heart fail him, despite his jaunty bearing, or is it because
+there is no hurry? Though all his books are obviously by the same hand,
+no living writer has come so near fame from so many different sides.
+Where is the man among us who could write another "Virginibus
+Puerisque," the most delightful volume for the hammock ever sung in
+prose? The poems are as exquisite as they are artificial. "Jekyll and
+Hyde" is the greatest triumph extant in Christmas literature of the
+morbid kind. The donkey on the Cevennes (how Mr. Stevenson belabored
+him!) only stands second to the "Inland Voyage." "Kidnapped" is the
+outstanding boy's book of its generation. "The Black Arrow" alone, to
+my thinking, is second class. We shall all be doleful if a marksman who
+can pepper his target with inners does not reach the bull's-eye. But it
+is quite time the great work was begun. The sun sinks while the climber
+walks round his mountain, looking for the best way up.
+
+Hard necessity has kept some great writers from doing their best work,
+but Mr. Stevenson is at last so firmly established that if he
+continues to be versatile it will only be from choice. He has attained
+a popularity such as is, as a rule, only accorded to classic authors or
+to charlatans. For this he has America to thank rather than Britain,
+for the Americans buy his books, the only honor a writer's admirers are
+slow to pay him. Mr. Stevenson's reputation in the United States is
+creditable to that country, which has given him a position here in
+which only a few saw him when he left. Unfortunately, with popularity
+has come publicity. All day the reporters sit on his garden wall.
+
+No man has written in a finer spirit of the profession of letters than
+Mr. Stevenson, but this gossip vulgarizes it. The adulation of the
+American public and of a little band of clever literary dandies in
+London, great in criticism, of whom he has become the darling, has made
+Mr. Stevenson complacent, and he always tended perhaps to be a thought
+too fond of his velvet coat. There is danger in the delight with which
+his every scrap is now received. A few years ago, when he was his own
+severest and sanest critic, he stopped the publication of a book after
+it was in proof--a brave act. He has lost this courage, or he would
+have rewritten "The Black Arrow." There is deterioration in the essays
+he has been contributing to an American magazine, graceful and
+suggestive though they are. The most charming of living stylists, Mr.
+Stevenson is self-conscious in all his books now and again, but
+hitherto it has been the self-consciousness of an artist with severe
+critics at his shoulder. It has become self-satisfaction. The critics
+have put a giant's robe on him, and he has not flung it off. He
+dismisses "Tom Jones" with a simper. Personally Thackeray "scarce
+appeals to us as the ideal gentleman; if there were nothing else [what
+else is there?], perpetual nosing after snobbery at least suggests the
+snob." From Mr. Stevenson one would not have expected the revival of
+this silly charge, which makes a cabbage of every man who writes about
+cabbages. I shall say no more of these ill-considered papers, though
+the sneers at Fielding call for indignant remonstrance, beyond
+expressing a hope that they lie buried between magazine covers. Mr.
+Stevenson has reached the critical point in his career, and one would
+like to see him back at Bournemouth, writing within high walls. We want
+that big book; we think he is capable of it, and so we cannot afford to
+let him drift into the seaweed. About the writer with whom his name is
+so often absurdly linked we feel differently. It is as foolish to rail
+at Mr. Rider Haggard's complacency as it would be to blame Christopher
+Sly for so quickly believing that he was born a lord.
+
+The key-note of all Mr. Stevenson's writings is his indifference, so
+far as his books are concerned, to the affairs of life and death on
+which their minds are chiefly set. Whether man has an immortal soul
+interests him as an artist not a whit: what is to come of man troubles
+him as little as where man came from. He is a warm, genial writer, yet
+this is so strange as to seem inhuman. His philosophy is that we are
+but as the light-hearted birds. This is our moment of being; let us
+play the intoxicating game of life beautifully, artistically, before we
+fall dead from the tree. We all know it is only in his books that Mr.
+Stevenson can live this life. The cry is to arms; spears glisten in the
+sun; see the brave bark riding joyously on the waves, the black flag,
+the dash of red color twisting round a mountain-side. Alas! the drummer
+lies on a couch beating his drum. It is a pathetic picture, less true
+to fact now, one rejoices to know, than it was recently. A common
+theory is that Mr. Stevenson dreams an ideal life to escape from his
+own sufferings. This sentimental plea suits very well. The noticeable
+thing, however, is that the grotesque, the uncanny, holds his soul; his
+brain will only follow a colored clew. The result is that he is chiefly
+picturesque, and, to those who want more than art for art's sake, never
+satisfying. Fascinating as his verses are, artless in the perfection of
+art, they take no reader a step forward. The children of whom he sings
+so sweetly are cherubs without souls. It is not in poetry that Mr.
+Stevenson will give the great book to the world, nor will it, I think,
+be in the form of essays. Of late he has done nothing quite so fine as
+"Virginibus Puerisque," though most of his essays are gardens in which
+grow few weeds. Quaint in matter as in treatment, they are the best
+strictly literary essays of the day, and their mixture of tenderness
+with humor suggests Charles Lamb. Some think Mr. Stevenson's essays
+equal to Lamb's, or greater. To that I say, no. The name of Lamb will
+for many a year bring proud tears to English eyes. Here was a man, weak
+like the rest of us, who kept his sorrows to himself. Life to him was
+not among the trees. He had loved and lost. Grief laid a heavy hand on
+his brave brow. Dark were his nights; horrid shadows in the house;
+sudden terrors; the heart stops beating waiting for a footstep. At that
+door comes Tragedy, knocking at all hours. Was Lamb dismayed? The
+tragedy of his life was not drear to him. It was wound round those who
+were dearest to him; it let him know that life has a glory even at its
+saddest, that humor and pathos clasp hands, that loved ones are drawn
+nearer, and the soul strengthened in the presence of anguish, pain, and
+death. When Lamb sat down to write, he did not pull down his blind on
+all that is greatest, if most awful, in human life. He was gentle,
+kindly; but he did not play at pretending that there is no cemetery
+round the corner. In Mr. Stevenson's exquisite essays one looks in vain
+for the great heart that palpitates through the pages of Charles Lamb.
+
+The great work, if we are not to be disappointed, will be fiction. Mr.
+Stevenson is said to feel this himself, and, as I understand, "Harry
+Shovel" will be his biggest bid for fame. It is to be, broadly
+speaking, a nineteenth-century "Peregrine Pickle," dashed with
+Meredith, and this in the teeth of many admirers who maintain that the
+best of the author is Scottish. Mr. Stevenson, however, knows what he
+is about. Critics have said enthusiastically--for it is difficult to
+write of Mr. Stevenson without enthusiasm--that Alan Breck is as good
+as anything in Scott. Alan Breck is certainly a masterpiece, quite
+worthy of the greatest of all story-tellers, who, nevertheless, it
+should be remembered, created these rich side characters by the score,
+another before dinner-time. English critics have taken Alan to their
+hearts, and appreciate him thoroughly; the reason, no doubt, being that
+he is the character whom England acknowledges as the Scottish type. The
+Highlands, which are Scotland to the same extent as Northumberland is
+England, present such a character to this day, but no deep knowledge of
+Mr. Stevenson's native country was required to reproduce him. An
+artistic Englishman or American could have done it. Scottish religion,
+I think, Mr. Stevenson has never understood, except as the outsider
+misunderstands it. He thinks it hard because there are no colored
+windows. "The color of Scotland has entered into him altogether," says
+Mr. James, who, we gather, conceives in Edinburgh Castle a place where
+tartans glisten in the sun, while rocks re-echo bagpipes. Mr. James is
+right in a way. It is the tartan, the claymore, the cry that the
+heather is on fire, that are Scotland to Mr. Stevenson. But the
+Scotland of our day is not a country rich in color; a sombre gray
+prevails. Thus, though Mr. Stevenson's best romance is Scottish, that
+is only, I think, because of his extraordinary aptitude for the
+picturesque. Give him any period in any country that is romantic, and
+he will soon steep himself in the kind of knowledge he can best turn to
+account. Adventures suit him best, the ladies being left behind; and so
+long as he is in fettle it matters little whether the scene be Scotland
+or Spain. The great thing is that he should now give to one ambitious
+book the time in which he has hitherto written half a dozen small ones.
+He will have to take existence a little more seriously--to weave
+broadcloth instead of lace.
+
+
+
+
+REV. WALTER C. SMITH, D.D.
+
+
+
+
+XI.
+
+REV. WALTER C. SMITH, D.D.
+
+
+During the four winters another and I were in Edinburgh, we never
+entered any but Free churches. This seems to have been less on account
+of a scorn for other denominations than because we never thought of
+them. We felt sorry for the "men" who knew no better than to claim to
+be on the side of Dr. Macgregor. Even our Free kirks were limited to
+two, St. George's and the Free High. After all, we must have been
+liberally minded beyond most of our fellows, for, as a rule, those who
+frequented one of these churches shook their heads at the other. It is
+said that Dr. Whyte and Dr. Smith have a great appreciation of each
+other. They, too, are liberally minded.
+
+To contrast the two leading Free Church ministers in Edinburgh as they
+struck a student would be to become a boy again. The one is always
+ready to go on fire, and the other is sometimes at hand with a jug of
+cold water. Dr. Smith counts a hundred before he starts, while the
+minister of Free St. George's is off at once at a gallop, and would
+always arrive first at his destination if he had not sometimes to turn
+back. He is not only a Gladstonian, but Gladstonian; his enthusiasm
+carries him on as steam drives the engine. Dr. Smith being a critic,
+with a faculty of satire, what would rouse the one man makes the other
+smile. Dr. Whyte judges you as you are at the moment; Dr. Smith sees
+what you will be like to-morrow. Some years ago the defeated side in a
+great Assembly fight met at a breakfast to reason itself into a belief
+that it had gained a remarkable moral victory. Dr. Whyte and Dr. Smith
+were both present, and the former was so inspiriting that the breakfast
+became a scene of enthusiasm. Then Dr. Smith arose and made a remark
+about a company of Mark Tapleys--after which the meeting broke up.
+
+I have a curious reminiscence of the student who most frequently
+accompanied me to church in Edinburgh. One Sunday when we were on our
+way up slushy Bath Street to Free St. George's he discovered that he
+had not a penny for the plate. I suggested to him to give twopence next
+time; but no, he turned back to our lodgings for the penny. Some time
+afterward he found himself in the same position when we were nearing
+the Free High. "I'll give twopence next time," he said cheerfully. I
+have thought this over since then, and wondered if there was anything
+in it.
+
+The most glorious privilege of the old is to assist the young. The two
+ministers who are among the chief pillars of the Free Church in
+Edinburgh are not old yet, but they have had a long experience, and the
+strength and encouragement they have been to the young is the grand
+outstanding fact of their ministries. Their influence is, of course,
+chiefly noticeable in the divinity men, who make their Bible classes so
+remarkable. There is a sort of Freemasonry among the men who have come
+under the influence of Dr. Smith. It seems to have steadied them--to
+have given them wise rules of life that have taken the noise out of
+them, and left them undemonstrative, quiet, determined. You will have
+little difficulty, as a rule, in picking out Dr. Smith's men, whether
+in the pulpit or in private. They have his mark, as the Rugby boys were
+marked by Dr. Arnold. Even in speaking of him, they seldom talk in
+superlatives: only a light comes into their eye, and you realize what a
+well-founded reverence is. I met lately in London an Irishman who, when
+the conversation turned to Scotland, asked what Edinburgh was doing
+without Dr. Smith (who was in America at the time). He talked with such
+obvious knowledge of Dr. Smith's teaching, and with such affection for
+the man, that by and by we were surprised to hear that he had never
+heard him preach nor read a line of his works. He explained that he
+knew intimately two men who looked upon their Sundays in the Free High,
+and still more upon their private talks with the minister, as the
+turning-point in their lives. They were such fine fellows, and they
+were so sure that they owed their development to Dr. Smith, that to
+know the followers was to know something of the master. This it is to
+be a touchstone to young men.
+
+There are those who think Dr. Smith the poet of higher account than Dr.
+Smith the preacher. I do not agree with them, though there can be no
+question that the author of "Olrig Grange" and Mr. Alexander Anderson
+are the two men now in Edinburgh who have (at times) the divine
+afflatus. "Surfaceman" is a true son of Burns. Of him it may be said,
+as it never can be said of Dr. Smith, that he sings because he must.
+His thoughts run in harmonious numbers. The author of "Olrig Grange" is
+the stronger mind, however, and his lines are always pregnant of
+meaning. He is of the school of Mr. Lewis Morris, but an immeasurably
+higher intellect if not so fine an artist: indeed, though there are
+hundreds of his pages that are not poetry, there are almost none that
+could not be rewritten into weighty prose. Sound is never his sole
+object. Good novels in verse are a mistake, for it is quite certain
+they would be better in prose. The novelist has a great deal to say
+that cannot be said naturally in rhythm, and much of Dr. Smith's blank
+verse is good prose in frills. It is driven into an undeserved
+confinement.
+
+The privilege of critics is to get twelve or twenty minor poets in a
+row, and then blow them all over at once. I remember one who despatched
+Dr. Smith with a verse from the book under treatment. Dr. Smith writes
+of a poet's verses, "There is no sacred fire in them, Nor much of
+homely sense and shrewd;" and when the critic came to these lines he
+stopped reading: he declared that Dr. Smith had passed judgment on
+himself. This is a familiar form of criticism, but in the present case
+it had at least the demerit of being false. There is so much sacred
+fire about Dr. Smith's best poetry that it is what makes him a poet;
+and as for "homely sense and shrewd," he has simply more of it than any
+contemporary writer of verse. It is what gives heart to his satire, and
+keeps him from wounding merely for the pleasure of drawing blood. In
+conjunction with the sacred fire, the noble indignation that mean
+things should be, the insight into the tragic, it is what makes "Hilda"
+his greatest poem. Without it there could not be pathos, which is
+concerned with little things; nor humor, nor, indeed, the flash into
+men and things that makes such a poem as "Dr. Linkletter's Scholar" as
+true as life, as sad as death. If only for the sake of that noble piece
+of writing, every Scottish student should have "North-Country Folk" in
+his possession. The poem is probably the most noteworthy thing that has
+been said of northern university life.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+Minor punctuation errors were corrected.
+
+The following typographical errors were corrected:
+
+Page 50: Changed Calderwod to Calderwood.
+
+Page 111: Changed civiliaztion to civilization.
+
+Page 128: Changed litle to little.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 39203.txt or 39203.zip *******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/9/2/0/39203
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://www.gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
diff --git a/39203.zip b/39203.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4b7d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/39203.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..017ec19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #39203 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39203)