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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Alcohol and the Human Brain, by Joseph Cook
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-Title: Alcohol and the Human Brain
-
-Author: Joseph Cook
-
-Release Date: March 30, 2013 [EBook #42435]
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-Language: English
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-Character set encoding: ASCII
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-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALCOHOL AND THE HUMAN BRAIN ***
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42435 ***
 
 ALCOHOL AND THE HUMAN BRAIN.
 
@@ -405,7 +374,7 @@ dinners at hotels. Mrs. Hayes has expelled intoxicating beverages from
 the Presidential mansion.
 
 The latest investigators of the influence of alcohol on the brain are
-Schulinus, Anstie, Dupre, Labottin, and Binz. The latter in a series of
+Schulinus, Anstie, Dupré, Labottin, and Binz. The latter in a series of
 remarkable articles published in the _Practitioner_, in 1876, maintains
 that a portion of every dose of alcohol is burned in the system, and yet
 he considers the use of alcohol in health as entirely superfluous. The
@@ -756,362 +725,4 @@ _58 Reade Street, New York_.
 
 End of Project Gutenberg's Alcohol and the Human Brain, by Joseph Cook
 
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALCOHOL AND THE HUMAN BRAIN ***
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diff --git a/42435-8.txt b/42435-8.txt
deleted file mode 100644
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Alcohol and the Human Brain, by Joseph Cook
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
-
-
-Title: Alcohol and the Human Brain
-
-Author: Joseph Cook
-
-Release Date: March 30, 2013 [EBook #42435]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALCOHOL AND THE HUMAN BRAIN ***
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-
-
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-Produced by Sandra Eder, Martin Pettit and the Online
-Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
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-
-
-ALCOHOL AND THE HUMAN BRAIN.
-
-BY
-
-REV. JOSEPH COOK.
-
-NEW YORK:
-
-National Temperance Society and Publication House,
-58 READE STREET.
-
-1879.
-
-
-
-
-ALCOHOL AND THE HUMAN BRAIN.
-
-BY REV. JOSEPH COOK.
-
-
-Cassio's language in Othello is to-day adopted by cool physiological
-science: "O God, that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal
-away their brains! That we should, with joy, revel, pleasure and
-applause, transform ourselves into beasts! To be now a sensible man, by
-and by a fool, and presently a beast! O strange! Every inordinate cup is
-unbless'd, and the ingredient is the devil."--Shakespeare, _Othello_,
-Act II., Scene iii.
-
-Central in all the discussion of the influence of intoxicating drink
-upon the human brain is the fact that albuminous substances are hardened
-by alcohol. I take the white of an egg, and, as you see, turn it out in
-a fluid condition into a goblet. The liquid is a viscous, glue-like
-substance, largely composed of albumen. It is made up of pretty nearly
-the same chemical ingredients that constitute a large part of the brain
-and the nervous system, and of many other tissues of the body. Forty per
-cent of the matter in the corpuscles of the blood is albumen. I am about
-to drench this white of an egg with alcohol. I have never performed this
-experiment before, and it may not succeed, but so certain am I that it
-will, that I purpose never to put the bottle to my lips and introduce
-into my system a fiend to steal away my brain. Edmund Burke, when he
-heard William Pitt say in Parliament that England would stand till the
-day of judgment, rose and replied; "What I fear is the day of _no_
-judgment." When Booth was about to assassinate Lincoln, his courage
-failed him, and he rushed away from the theater for an instant into the
-nearest restaurant and called for brandy. Harden the brain by drenching
-it in alcohol and you harden the moral nature.
-
-If you will fasten your attention on the single fact, that alcohol
-hardens this albuminous substance with which I place it in contact, you
-will have in that single strategic circumstance an explanation of most
-of its ravages upon the blood and nerves and brain. I beg you to notice
-that the white of an egg in the goblet does not become hardened by
-exposure to the air. I have allowed it to remain exposed for a time, in
-order that you may see that there is no legerdemain in this experiment.
-[Laughter.] I now pour alcohol upon this albuminous fluid, and if the
-result here is what it has been in other cases, I shall pretty soon be
-able to show you a very good example of what coagulated albumen is in
-the nervous system and blood corpuscles. You will find this white of an
-egg gradually so hardened that you can take it out without a fork. I
-notice already that a mysterious change in it has begun. A strange
-thickening shoots through the fluid mass. This is your moderate
-drunkard that I am stirring up now. There is your tippler, a piece of
-him, [holding up a portion of the coagulated mass upon the glass
-pestle]. The coagulation of the substance of the brain and of the
-nervous system goes on. I am stirring up a hard drinker now. The
-infinitely subtle laws of chemistry take their course. Here is a man
-[holding up a part of the coagulated mass] whose brain is so leathery
-that he is a beast, and kicks his wife to death. I am stirring up in
-this goblet now the brain of a hardened sot. On this prongless glass
-rod, I hold up the large part of the white of an egg which you saw
-poured into this glass as a fluid. Here is your man [holding up a larger
-mass] who has benumbed his conscience and his reason both, and has begun
-to be dangerous to society from the effects of a diseased brain.
-Wherever alcohol touches this albuminous substance, it hardens it, and
-it does so by absorbing and fixing the water it contains. I dip out of
-the goblet now your man in delirium tremens. Here is what was once a
-fluid, rolling easily to right and left, and now you have the leathery
-brain and the hard heart.
-
-Distortions of blood discs taken from the veins of drunkards have been
-shown to you here by the stereopticon and the best microscope in the
-United States. All the amazing alterations you saw in the shape, color,
-and contents of the blood discs are produced by the affinity of alcohol
-for the water in the albuminous portion of the globules.
-
-I am speaking here in the presence of expert chemists. You say I have no
-business to know anything about these topics. Well, the new professor
-in Andover on the relations between religion and science has no business
-to know them. The new professor at Edinburgh University and in Princeton
-has no business to know them. The lectureship at the Union Theological
-Seminary in New York has no right to teach on these themes. There is
-getting to be a tolerably large company of us who are intending to look
-into these matters at the point of the microscope and the scalpel. In a
-wiser generation than ours the haughty men who will not speak themselves
-of the relations of religion and science, and will not allow others to
-speak--veritable dogs in the manger--will be turned as dogs out of the
-manger. I speak very strongly, for I have an indignation that can not be
-expressed when it is said that men who join hands with physicians, and
-are surrounded by experts to teach them the facts, have no right to make
-inferences. Men educated and put into professorships to discuss as a
-specialty the relation of religion and science have no right to discuss
-these themes! We have a right as lawyers to discuss such topics before
-juries, when we bring experts in to help us. I bring experts before you
-as a jury. I assert the right of Andover, and Princeton, and New Haven,
-and Edinburgh, and even of this humble platform to tell you what God
-does in the brain, and to exhibit to you the freshest discoveries there
-of both His mercy and wrath.
-
-My support of temperance reform I would base upon the following
-propositions:
-
-1. Scars in the flesh do not wash out nor grow out, but, in spite of
-the change of all the particles of the body, are accurately reproduced
-without alteration by the flux of its particles.
-
-Let us begin with an incontrovertible proposition. Everybody knows that
-the scars of childhood are retained through life, and that we are buried
-with them. But we carry into the grave no particle of the flesh that we
-had in youth. All the particles of the body are in flux and are changed
-every few years. There is, however, something in us that persists. I am
-I; and therefore I am praiseworthy or blameworthy for things I did a
-score of years since, although there is not a particle of my body here
-now that was here then. The sense of the identity persisting in all the
-flux of the particles of the system, proves there is something else in
-man besides matter. This is a very unsubstantial consideration, you say;
-but the acute and profound German finds in this one fact of the
-persistence of the sense of identity in spite of the flux of the
-particles of the body, the proof of the separateness of matter and mind.
-
-Something reproduces these scars as the system throws off and changes
-its particles. That something must have been affected by the scarring.
-There is a strange connection between scars and the immaterial portion
-of us. It is a mysterious fact, right before us daily, and absolutely
-incontrovertible, that something in that part of us which does not
-change reproduces these scars. Newton, when the apple fell on his
-head--according to the fable, for I suppose that story is not
-history--found in it the law of the universe; and so in the simple fact
-that scars will not wash out or grow out, although the particles of the
-flesh are all changed, we find two colossal propositions; the one is
-that there is somewhat in us that does not change, and is not matter;
-the other is, that this somewhat is connected mysteriously with the
-inerasability of scars, which, therefore, may be said to exist in some
-sense in the spiritual as well as in the material substance of which we
-are made.
-
-2. It is as true of scars on the brain and nervous system as of those on
-any less important parts of the body, that they will not wash out, nor
-grow out.
-
-3. Scars on the brain or nervous system may be made by physical or
-mental habits, and are the basis of the self-propagative power of
-habits.
-
-4. When the scars or grooves in which a habit runs are made deep, the
-habit becomes automatic or self-acting and perhaps involuntary.
-
-5. The grooves worn or scars made by good and bad habits may be
-inherited.
-
-Physical identity of parent and offspring, spiritual identity of parent
-and offspring--these mysteries we have discussed here; and this two-fold
-identity is concerned in the transmission of the thirst for drink. When
-the drunkard who has had an inflamed stomach, is the father of a child
-that brings into the world with it an inflamed stomach, you have a case
-of the transmission of alcoholic scars.
-
-6. While self-control lasts, a bad habit is a vice; when self-control is
-lost, a bad habit is a disease.
-
-7. When a bad habit becomes a disease, the treatment of it belongs to
-physicians; while it is a vice, the treatment of it belongs to the
-Church.
-
-8. In probably nine cases out of ten, among the physical difficulties
-produced by the use of alcohol, and not inherited, the trouble is a vice
-and not a disease.
-
-9. Alcohol, by its affinity for water, hardens all the albuminous or
-glue-like substances in the body.
-
-10. It thus paralyzes the small nerves, produces arterial relaxation,
-and deranges the circulation of the blood.
-
-11. It produces thus an increased quickness in the beating of the heart,
-and ruddiness of countenance which are not signs of health, but of
-disease.
-
-Pardon me if I dwell a moment on this proposition, which was not made
-clear by science until a a few years ago. You say that moderate drinking
-quickens the pulse and adds ruddiness to the countenance, and that,
-therefore, you have some reason to believe that it is a source of
-health. I can hardly pardon myself for not having here a set of the
-chemical substances that partially paralyze the small nerves. I have a
-list of them before me, and it includes ether and the whole series of
-nitrites, and especially the nitrite of amyl. If I had the latter
-substance here, I might, by lifting it to the nostrils, produce this
-flushing of the face that you call a sign of health in moderate
-drinking. There are five or six chemical agents that produce paralysis
-of the vessels of the minute circulation, and among them is alcohol. A
-blush is produced by a slight paralysis of the small nerves in the
-interlacing ends of the arteries and veins. If I had ether here, and
-could turn it on the back of my hand and evaporate it, I could
-partially freeze the skin, and then, removing the ether, you would see a
-blush come to the back of the hand. That is because the little nerves
-that help constrict and keep up the proper tone of the circulating
-organs, are temporarily paralyzed. A permanent blush in the face of a
-drunkard indicates a permanent injury to the blood vessels by alcohol.
-The varicose vein is often produced in this way by the paralysis of some
-of the nerves that are connected with the fine parts of the circulatory
-organs. When the face blushes permanently in the drunkard the injury
-revealed is not a local one, but is inflicted on every organ throughout
-the whole system.
-
-After moderate drinking you feel the heart beating faster, to be sure,
-but it beats more rapidly because of the paralysis of the delicate
-nerves connected with the arteries, and because of the consequent
-arterial relaxation. The blood meets with less resistance in passing
-through the relaxed circulatory organs, and so, with no additional force
-in the heart, that organ beats more rapidly. It beats faster simply
-because it has less force to overcome. The quickened pulse is a proof of
-disease and not of health. (_See_ Dr. Richardson, Cantor Lectures on
-Alcohol.)
-
-12. Alcohol injures the blood by changing the color and chemical
-composition of its corpuscles.
-
-In the stereopticon illustrations, you saw that the red discs of blood
-are distorted in shape by the action of alcohol. You saw that the
-arrangement of the coloring matter in the red discs is changed. You saw
-that various adulterations appeared to come into the blood, or at least
-into visibility there, under the influence of alcohol. Lastly, you saw,
-most terrible of all, an absolutely new growth occurring there--a sprout
-protruding itself from the side of the red corpuscle in the vital
-stream. Last year I showed you what some of the diseases of leprosy did
-for the blood, and you see how closely alcoholism in the blood resembles
-in physical effects the most terrific diseases known to man.
-
-Here are the diseases that are the great red seal of God Almighty's
-wrath against sensuality; and when we apply the microscope to them, we
-find in the blood discs these sprouts, that greatly resemble each other
-in the inebriate and in the leper. Dr. Harriman has explained, with the
-authority of an expert, these ghastly growths. These sprouts shoot out
-of the red discs, and he tells you that, after having been called before
-jury after jury as an expert, sometimes in cases where life was at
-stake, he has studied alcoholized blood, and that a certain kind of
-spore, a peculiar kind of sprout, which you have seen here, he never saw
-except in the veins of a confirmed drunkard. I think the day is coming
-when, by microscopic examination of the blood discs, we can tell what
-disease a man has inherited or acquired--if it be one of that kind which
-takes hold of the circulatory fluid.
-
-This alcohol, with its affinity for water, changes the composition of
-every substance in the body into which water enters, and there are seven
-hundred and ninety parts of water in every thousand of blood. The reason
-alcohol changed this white of an egg into hardness, that if it had been
-put in whole I could have rolled it across the platform, was that the
-fierce spirit took the water out of the albumen. If I had a plate of
-glass here, and could put upon it a solution of the white of an egg, and
-could sprinkle upon it a little finely-powdered caustic soda, I could
-very soon pick up the sheet of gelatinous substance and should find it
-leathery, elastic, tough. Just so this marvelous white matter folded in
-sheets in the brain is drenched with a substance that takes out the
-water, and the effect on the brain is to destroy its capacity to perform
-some of its most delicate actions. The results of that physical
-incapacity are illustrated in all the proverbial effects of
-intemperance.
-
-13. The deteriorations produced in the blood by alcohol are peculiarly
-injurious to the brain on account of the great quantity of blood sent to
-that organ.
-
-The brain weighs only about one twenty-eighth of the rest of the body,
-and yet into it, according to most authorities, is sent from a tenth to
-a sixth of all the blood. If you adopt fiat money, where will the most
-harm be done? What part of this land shows first of all the effect of a
-debased condition of the currency? Wall Street? Why? Because there the
-circulation is most vigorous. The blood of the land, to speak of money
-under that title, is thrown into Wall Street as the blood of the body is
-thrown into the head, and so in Wall Street, we have our men on the
-watch to tell us whether the currency is in a healthy or unhealthy
-state. The slightest alteration is felt there, because the currency
-there is accumulated, and so in the brain the slightest injury of the
-blood is felt first, because here is accumulated the currency of the
-system.
-
-14. Most poisons and medicines act in the human system according to a
-law of local affinity, by which their chief force is expended on
-particular organs, and sometimes on particular spots of particular
-organs.
-
-15. All science is agreed that the local affinity of alcohol, like that
-of opium, prussic acid, hashish, belladonna, etc., is for the brain.
-
-16. The brain is the organ of the mind, and the temple and instrument of
-conduct and character.
-
-17. What disorganizes brain disorganizes mind and character, and
-whatever disorganizes mind and character disorganizes society.
-
-18. The local affinity of alcohol for the brain, therefore, exempts it,
-in its relations to Government, from the list of articles that have no
-such affinity, and gives to Government the right, in self-defence, to
-interfere by the prohibitory regulation of its sale as a beverage.
-
-19. It is not sufficient to prove that alcohol is not a poison to
-overthrow the scientific basis of its prohibitory laws.
-
-20. Intemperance and cerebral injury are so related that even moderate
-indulgence is inseparably connected with intellectual and moral
-disintonement.
-
-21. In this circumstance, and in the inerasibility of the scars produced
-by the local affinity of alcohol for the brain, the principle of total
-abstinence finds its justification by science.
-
-Nothing in science is less questioned than the law of local affinities,
-by which different substances taken into the system exert their chief
-effect at particular localities. Lead, for example, fastens first upon
-the muscles of the wrist, producing what is known among painters and
-white-lead manufacturers as a wrist-drop. Manganese seizes upon the
-liver, iodine upon the lymphatic glands, chromate of potash upon the
-lining membrane of the eyelids, mercury upon the salivary glands and
-mouth. Oil of tobacco paralyzes the heart. Arsenic inflames the mucous
-membranes of the alimentary passages. Strychnine takes effect upon the
-spinal cord. Now, as all chemists admit, the local affinity of alcohol
-is for the brain. Dr. Lewis describes a case in which the alcohol could
-not be detected in the fluid of the brain cavities, nor, indeed, in any
-part of the body, but was obtained by distillation from the substance of
-the brain itself. Dr. Percy distilled alcohol in large quantities from
-the substance of the brains of animals killed by it, when only small
-quantities could be found in the blood or other parts of the systems of
-the same animals. Dr. Kirk mentions a case in which the brain liquid of
-a man who died in intoxication smelt very strongly of whisky, and when
-some of it was taken in a spoon, and a candle put beneath it, the flame
-burned with a lambent blue flame. But brain is the organ of the mind.
-Dr. Bucknell (Habitual Drinking) quotes Forbes Winslow as having
-testified before a Committee of Parliament that the liquid dipped from
-the brain of an habitual inebriate can thus be burned. Whatever is a
-disorganizer of the brain is a disorganizer of mind, and whatever is a
-disorganizer of mind is a disorganizer of society. It is from this point
-of view that the right of Government to prevent the manufacture of
-madmen and paupers can be best seen. I care not what men make of the
-famous recent experiments of Lallemand, Perrin, and Duroy, of France, by
-which half of the medical profession, including Dr. Carpenter, has been
-carried over to the support of the propositions that alcohol is
-eliminated from the system in totality and in nature; is never
-transformed and never destroyed in the organism; is not food; and is
-essentially a poison. I care not, on the other hand, what men make of
-the proposition Mr. Lewes defends, that alcohol may be a negative food.
-The local affinity of alcohol for the brain! This is a great fact. It is
-a fact uncontroverted. It is a fact sufficient. It is a fact to be
-heeded even in legislation.
-
-Among the well known authorities on the influence of alcohol on the
-human brain, Dr. W. B. Carpenter and Dr. B. W. Richardson, of England,
-are now in entire accord with Prof. Youmans and Dr. W. E. Greenfield, of
-the United States, in recommending total abstinence. Dr. Richardson's
-Cantor lectures have been followed by a volume on "Total Abstinence,"
-and he gives to Dr. Carpenter's views on this subject his full assent
-and final adhesion, having learned at last, he says, "how solemnly right
-they are." In 1869 Dr. Richardson began to abstain from wine, by
-limiting his use of it to festal occasions, but still more recently he
-has abandoned its use altogether.
-
-The graduates of Amherst College met at the Parker House, in Boston,
-some years ago, and, although a wine glass was placed at the side of
-each plate, not one of them was filled. Niagara itself, a recent
-traveler in the United States says, is not as worthy of description to
-Englishmen as the pure array of goblets with ice-water at the usual
-dinners at hotels. Mrs. Hayes has expelled intoxicating beverages from
-the Presidential mansion.
-
-The latest investigators of the influence of alcohol on the brain are
-Schulinus, Anstie, Dupré, Labottin, and Binz. The latter in a series of
-remarkable articles published in the _Practitioner_, in 1876, maintains
-that a portion of every dose of alcohol is burned in the system, and yet
-he considers the use of alcohol in health as entirely superfluous. The
-experimenters agree with the majority of physicians that, in the army
-and navy, and for use among healthy persons, alcohol, even as a ration
-strictly limited to a moderate quantity, is physiologically useless and
-generally harmful.
-
-Upon different portions of the brain the action of alcohol can be
-distinctly traced by medical science and even by common observation. The
-brain, it will be remembered, is divided into three parts. The upper,
-which comprises the larger part, and which is supposed to be the seat of
-the intellectual and moral faculties, is called the _cerebrum_. Below
-that, in the back part of the organ, is another mass, called the
-_cerebellum_, parts of which are believed to control the contractions
-of the muscles in portions of the body. Still lower is the _medulla
-oblongata_, which presides over the nerves of respiration. Now the
-action of alcohol can be distinctly marked upon the different parts of
-the brain. The moral and intellectual faculties are first jarred out of
-order in the progress of intoxication. The tippler laughs and sings, is
-talkative and jocose, coarse or eloquent to almost any degree according
-to his temperament. The cerebrum is first affected. His judgment becomes
-weak; he is incapable of making a good bargain, or of defending his own
-rights intelligently, but he does not yet stagger; he is as yet only a
-moderate drinker. The effect of moderate drinking, however, is to weaken
-the judgment and to destroy the best powers of the will and intellect.
-But he takes another glass, and the cerebellum which governs several of
-the motions of the body is affected, and now he begins to stagger. He
-loses all control of his muscles, and plunges headlong against post and
-pavement. One more glass and the _medulla oblongata_ is poisoned. This
-organ controls the nerves which order the movements of the lungs, and
-now occurs that hard breathing and snoring which is seen in dead
-drunkenness. This stoppage is caused by impure blood so poisoning the
-_medulla oblongata_ that it can no longer perform its duties. The
-cerebrum and cerebellum now seem to have their action entirely
-suspended, and sometimes the respiratory movements stop forever, and the
-man dies by asphyxia in the same manner as by drowning, strangling, or
-narcotic poisoning by any other substance. (_See_ Prof. Ferrier. The
-Localization of Cerebral Disease. London, 1878.)
-
-Who shall say where end the consequences of alcoholic injury of the
-blood and of the substance of the brain? Here within the cranium, in
-this narrow chamber, so small that a man's hand may span it, and upon
-this sheet of cerebral matter, which, if dilated out, would not cover a
-surface of over six hundred square inches, is the point of union between
-spirit and matter. Inversions of right judgment and every distortion of
-moral sense legitimately follow from the intoxicating cup. It is here
-that we should speak decidedly of the evil effects of moderate drinking.
-Men may theorize as they please, but practically there is in average
-experience no such thing as a moderate dose of alcohol. People drink it
-to produce an effect. They take enough to "fire up," as they say, and
-unless that effect is produced they are not satisfied. They will have
-enough to raise their spirits, or dissipate gloom. And this is enough to
-impair judgment, and in the course of years perhaps to ruin fortune,
-body, and soul. The compass is out of line in life's dangerous sea, and
-a few storms may bring the ship upon breakers.
-
-It is to be remembered that, by the law of local affinity, the dose of
-alcohol is not diffused throughout the system, but is concentrated in
-its chief effects upon a single organ. When a man drinks moderately,
-though the effects might be minute if dispersed through the whole body,
-yet they may be powerful when most of them are gathered upon the brain.
-They may be dangerous when turned upon the intellect, and even fatal
-when concentrated upon the primal guiding powers of mind--reason, and
-moral sense. It is not to the whole body that a moderate glass goes; it
-is chiefly to its most important part--the brain; and not to the whole
-brain, but to its most important part--the seat of the higher mental and
-moral powers; and not to these powers at large, but to their helmsman
-and captain--Reason and Conscience.
-
-"Ship ahoy! All aboard! Let your one shot come," shouts the sailor to
-the pirate craft. Now, one shot will not shiver a brig's timbers much,
-but suppose that this one ball were to strike the captain through the
-heart, and the helmsman through the skull, and that there are none to
-fill their posts, it would be a terrible shot indeed. Moderate drinking
-is a charmed ball from a pirate craft. It does not lodge in the beams'
-ends. It cuts no masts. It shivers no plank between wind and water. It
-strikes no sailor or under-officer, but with magic course it seeks the
-heart of the captain and the arms of the helmsman, and it always hits.
-Their leaders dead, and none to take their place, the crew are powerless
-against the enemy. Thunders another broadside from pirate alcohol, and
-what is the effect? Every ball is charmed; not one of the crew is
-killed, but every one becomes mad and raises mutiny. Commanders dead,
-they are free. Thunders another broadside from the pirate, and the
-charmed balls complete their work. The mutinous crew rage with insanity.
-Captain Conscience and Steersman Reason are picked up, and, lest their
-corpses should offend the crazy sailors, pitched overboard. Then ranges
-Jack Lust from one end of the ship to the other. That brave tar,
-Midshipman Courage, who, in his right mind, was the bravest defender of
-the ship, now wheels the cannon against his own friends and rakes the
-deck with red-hot grape until every mast totters with shot-holes. The
-careful stewards, seamen Friendship and Parental Love, whose exertions
-have always heretofore provided the crew seasonably with food and drink,
-now refuse to cook, furnish no meals, unhead the water-casks, waste the
-provisions, and break the ship's crockery. The vessel has wheeled into
-the trough of the sea; a black shadow approaches swiftly over the
-waters, and the compass and helm are deserted. That speculating mate,
-Love of Money, who, if sober, would see the danger, and order every rag
-down from jib to mainsail, and make the ship scud under bare poles
-before the black squall, now, on the contrary, orders up every sail and
-spreads every thread of canvas. The rising storm whistles in the
-rigging, but he does not hear it. That black shadow on the water is
-swiftly nearing. He does not see it. In the trough of the sea the ship
-rocks like a cockle shell. He does not feel it. Yonder, before the dense
-rush of the coming blow of air rises a huge wave, foaming, and gnawing,
-and groaning on high. He does not hear it. With a shock like the opening
-of an earthquake it strikes the broadside; with a roar it washes over
-the deck; three snaps like cannon, and the heavily-rigged masts are
-gone; a lurch and sucking in of waves, and the hold is full of water,
-and the sinking ship just survives the first heavy sea. Then comes out
-Mirthfulness, and sits astride the broken bowsprit, and ogles a dancing
-tune. The crew dance! It were possible, even yet, to so man the pumps
-and right the helm as to ride over the swells and drive into port, but
-all action for the right government of the ship is ended. Trumpeter
-Language mounts the shattered beams of the forecastle, and makes an
-oration; it is not necessary to work, he tells the crew, but to hear him
-sputter yarns.
-
-It is fearful now to look upon the raging of the black sea. Every moment
-the storm increases in fury. As a giant would toss about a straw, so the
-waves handle the wrecked timbers. Night gathers her black mists into the
-rifted clouds, and the strong moaning sound of the storm is heard on the
-dark ocean. By that glare of lightning I saw a sail and a life-boat! Men
-from another ship are risking their lives to save the insane crew whose
-masts are gone. They come nearer, but the boat bounds and quivers, and
-is nearly swamped upon the top of a wave. Jack Courage and Independence
-see the boat coming. "Ship ahoy," shout the deliverers. "Life-boat from
-the ship Temperance! Quit your wreck and be saved." No reply.
-Independence grinds his teeth and growls to Jack Courage that the offer
-of help is an insult. "I will tell you how to answer," says Jack, stern
-and bloody. There is one cannon left with a dry charge. They wheel that
-upon the approaching boat, and Independence holds the linstock over the
-fuse-hole. "Life-boat for sailors on the wreck," shouts Philanthropy
-from the approaching boat. "What answer, ship Immortal?" Then shoots
-from the ringing gun a tongue of flame, and ten pounds of iron are on
-their way. The Temperance boat rocks lower from the wave-top, and the
-deadly reply just grazes the heads of the astounded philanthropists and
-buries itself heavily in their own ship beyond. It was an accident, they
-think, and keep on board the ship and stand upon its deck. Then flash
-from their scabbards a dozen swords; then click the locks of a dozen
-muskets; then double the palms of a dozen fists; then shake the clubs of
-a dozen maniac arms, and the unsuspecting deliverers are murdered on the
-deck they came to save. As the lightning glares I see them thrown into
-the sea, while thunders are the dirge of the dead and the damnation of
-the murderers.
-
-The drunken ship is fast filling with water. Not a man at the pumps, not
-an arm at the helm. Having destroyed their friends, the crew fall upon
-each other. Close under their bow rave the breakers of a rocky shore,
-but they hear it not. At intervals they seem to realize their condition,
-and their power even yet to save themselves, but they make no effort.
-Gloom, and storm, and foam shut them up against hell with many thunders.
-In this terrible extremity Independence is heard to refuse help, and
-boasts of his strength. Friendship and Parental Love rail at thoughts of
-affection. Language trumpets his easy yarns and grows garrulous as the
-timbers crack one after another. Rage and Revenge are now the true names
-of Firmness and Courage. Silly Mirth yet giggles a dance, and I saw him
-astride the last timber as the ship went down, tossing foam at the
-lightning. Then came a sigh of the storm, a groaning of waves, a booming
-of blackness, and a red, crooked thunderbolt shot wrathfully blue into
-the suck of the sea where the ship went down.
-
-And I asked the names of those rocks, and was told: "God's Stern and
-Immutable Laws."
-
-And I asked the name of that ship, and they said: "Immortal Soul."
-
-And I asked why its crew brought it there, and they said: "Their
-captain, Conscience, and helmsman, Reason, were dead."
-
-And I asked how they died, and they said: "By one single shot from the
-pirate Alcohol; by one charmed ball of Moderate Drinking!"
-
-On this topic, over which we sleep, we shall some day cease to dream.
-
-
-
-
-ADVERTISEMENTS
-
-_THE BEER QUESTION._
-
-
-The National Temperance Society has published the following books,
-tracts, and pamphlets upon the beer question, which should have a wide
-circulation. The following are adapted to Sunday-school libraries, as
-well as for family reading and general distribution.
-
-
-+Brewer's Fortune, The.+ By Mary Dwinell Chellis. 12mo, 425 pp +$1.50+
-
-This takes up and discusses the entire beer question; the writer having
-carefully studied the subject from every point of view, and it is worthy
-of the widest circulation. It is one of the best volumes ever written by
-this popular author, and shows that wealth can not compensate for
-evil-doing, and that the sins of the fathers are often visited upon the
-children.
-
-
-+Brewery at Taylorville, The.+ By Mary Dwinell Chellis. 12mo, 445 pp +1.50+
-
-This book shows how much evil was wrought by the establishment of a
-brewery in a hitherto prosperous town, and how it brought ruin and
-disgrace upon those who indulged in what are called the lighter drinks.
-It is one of the strongest books in favor of total abstinence from
-everything that can intoxicate.
-
-
-+Firebrands; a Temperance Tale.+ By Mrs. J. McNair Wright. 12mo, 357 pp
-+1.25+
-
-It is the story of an orphaned boy, adopted by a distant relative, and
-subsequently the inheritor of a small fortune from an uncle, which he is
-then induced to invest in brewing in a country village, with an unhappy
-sequel alike to himself and the community. The lesson against tampering
-with beer or strong drink, either the drinking, making, or vending of
-it, is of a most impressive character, and is admirably adapted to win
-and hold the reader's interest, and to create and strengthen good
-resolutions.
-
-
-+Beer as a Beverage.+ An address by G. W. Hughey. 12mo, 24 pp +10+
-
-A very able reply to the assumptions by the brewers at their late
-congress at St. Louis, that beer is a harmless, wholesome, "temperance"
-beverage. It deals very effectively and conclusively with the
-sophistries and falsehoods of the brewers, and is a most valuable
-document for general circulation by the friends of temperance in all
-parts of the country.
-
-
-+History and Mystery of a Glass of Ale.+ By J. W. Kirton. 12mo, 24 pp +10+
-
-Showing what ale is, and what it does, and why it should be let alone.
-
-
-EIGHT-PAGE TRACTS, $6.00 per 1,000.
-
-+The Evils of Beer Legislation.+ By J. B. Dunn, D.D.
-+Malt Liquors, their Nature and Effects.+ By Wm. Hargreaves, M.D.
-
-
-FOUR-PAGE TRACTS, $3.00 per 1,000.
-
-+Why I Did Not Become a Brewer.+ By J. B. Dunn, D.D.
-+That Glass of Ale.+ By Rev. E. H. Pratt.
-+The Sabbath and the Beer Question.+ By Geo. Lansing Taylor, D.D.
-+Shall we Use Wines and Beer?+ By Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton.
-+A Glass of Ale.+ By T. S. Arthur.
-+Not Poverty, but Beer.+ By Mary Dwinell Chellis.
-
-
-UNION HAND-BILLS, $1.00 per 1,000.
-
-+A Crusade Against Beer.+
-+What Is Malt Liquor?+
-+What Brewers Think about Beer.+
-+What! Deprive a Poor Man of his Beer?+
-+What Beer Costs.+
-+What Have You to Show for It?+
-
-
-Address J. N. STEARNS, Publishing Agent,
-_58 Reade Street, New York_.
-
-
-_SCIENCE AND TEMPERANCE._
-
-By BENJAMIN W. RICHARDSON, M.A., M.D., F.R.S.,
-
-_Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London; etc._
-
-
-The National Temperance Society has published the following new and
-valuable works on alcohol, from a scientific stand-point, written by Dr.
-Richardson, one of the foremost scientists of the age.
-
-
-+On Alcohol.+ With an introduction by Dr. Willard Parker, of New York.
-12mo, 190 pages. Paper covers, 50 cents; cloth +$1.00+
-
-This book contains the "Cantor Lectures" recently delivered before the
-Society of Arts. These justly celebrated lectures, six in number,
-embrace a historical sketch of alcoholic distillation, and the results
-of an exhaustive scientific inquiry concerning the nature of alcohol and
-its effects upon the human body and mind. They have attracted much
-attention throughout Great Britain, both among physicians and general
-readers, and are the latest and best scientific expositions of alcohol
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-everywhere.
-
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-+Action of Alcohol on the Body and on the Mind, The.+ 12mo, 60 pages.
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-Two able and important lectures, the result of careful and extended
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-and are among the ablest contributions to this branch of the subject.
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-+The Medical Profession and Alcohol.+ An Address before the British
-Medical Association. 12mo, 33 pages. Paper +10+
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-It is a scientific plea for total abstinence, of great power. It
-embodies also a very earnest appeal to members of the medical profession
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