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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b32771 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #50549 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50549) diff --git a/old/50549-8.txt b/old/50549-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 454cd22..0000000 --- a/old/50549-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3368 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Three Wisconsin Cushings, by Theron Wilber Haight - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Three Wisconsin Cushings - A sketch of the lives of Howard B., Alonzo H. and William - B. Cushing, children of a pioneer family of Waukesha County - -Author: Theron Wilber Haight - -Release Date: November 25, 2015 [EBook #50549] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS - -[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL E. V. SUMNER AND STAFF, 1862 - - See facsimile of A. H. Cushing's letter, facing p. 40. From left - to right; Capt A. H. Cushing, Capt. L. Kipp, Major Clarke, - Lieut.-Col. Joseph Taylor, General Sumner, Capt. Sam Sumner, - Surgeon Hammond, and Lieutenant-Colonel Lawrence] - - WISCONSIN HISTORY COMMISSION: ORIGINAL PAPERS, NO. 3 - - - - - THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS - - A sketch of the lives of Howard B., Alonzo H. - and William B. Cushing, children of a pioneer - family of Waukesha County - - - BY THERON WILBER HAIGHT - - PRIVATE, CORPORAL, FIRST SERGEANT, SECOND AND FIRST LIEUTENANT - U. S. V., IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES - - WISCONSIN HISTORY COMMISSION - - APRIL, 1910 - - TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED COPIES PRINTED - - Copyright, 1910 - - THE WISCONSIN HISTORY COMMISSION - - (in behalf of the State of Wisconsin) - -Opinions or errors of fact on the part of the respective authors of the -Commission's publications (whether Reprints or Original Narratives) -have not been modified or corrected by the Commission. For all -statements, of whatever character, the Author is alone responsible. - - DEMOCRAT PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTER - - - - -CONTENTS - - - PAGE - - WISCONSIN HISTORY COMMISSION ix - - RECORDS AND APPRECIATIONS xi - - THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS: - - A great New England exodus 1 - - The Cushing Family in Western New York 5 - - The father of three Wisconsin heroes 8 - - From Milwaukee to the Nemahbins 13 - - Removal to Chicago 18 - - The mother in charge of the family 21 - - All the boys established 26 - - The beginning of the War 31 - - The last year of Alonzo's life 39 - - Later naval services of William B. Cushing 58 - - William's letter to his mother 62 - - After Gettysburg 66 - - The destruction of the "Albemarle" 67 - - At Fort Fisher and afterwards 81 - - Howard Cushing with the Artillery 88 - - Transferred to the Cavalry 94 - - Death of the young cavalryman 98 - - INDEX 105 - - - - -Erratum - - -The portrait at p. 56, entitled "Alonzo Hersford Cushing," is that of -Howard B. Cushing. - -The portrait at p. 94, entitled "Howard B. Cushing," is that of Alonzo -Hersford Cushing. - - - - -ILLUSTRATIONS - - - PAGE - - MAJOR-GENERAL E. V. SUMNER AND STAFF, - 1862 _Frontispiece_ - - FACSIMILE OF PART OF LETTER BY ALONZO H. - CUSHING, 1862 40 - - PORTRAIT OF HOWARD B. CUSHING 56 - - PORTRAIT OF WILLIAM BARKER CUSHING 86 - - FACSIMILE OF PART OF LETTER BY HOWARD B. - CUSHING, August 6, 1863 88 - - PORTRAIT OF ALONZO HERSFORD CUSHING 94 - - FACSIMILE OF PART OF LETTER BY WILLIAM B. - CUSHING, May 15, 1871 102 - - - - - WISCONSIN HISTORY COMMISSION - - (Organized under the provisions of Chapter 298, Laws of 1905, as - amended by Chapter 378, Laws of 1907 and Chapter 445, Laws of - 1909) - - -JAMES O. DAVIDSON - - _Governor of Wisconsin_ - -FREDERICK J. TURNER - - _Professor of American History in the University of Wisconsin_ - -REUBEN G. THWAITES - - _Secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin_ - -MATTHEW S. DUDGEON - - _Secretary of the Wisconsin Library Commission_ - -CHARLES E. ESTABROOK - - _Representing Department of Wisconsin, Grand Army of the Republic_ - - * * * * * - - _Chairman_, COMMISSIONER ESTABROOK - - _Secretary and Editor_, COMMISSIONER THWAITES - - _Committee on Publications_, COMMISSIONERS THWAITES - AND TURNER - - - - -RECORDS AND APPRECIATIONS - - -_Howard B. Cushing_ - -_Record_--Wisconsin. Private Co. B., 1st Illinois artillery, March -24, 1862 to November 30, 1863; private in B artillery (regular) -November 30, 1863; second lieutenant, 4th artillery, November 30, -1863; transferred to 3rd cavalry, September 7, 1867; first lieutenant, -December 16, 1867; killed May 5, 1871, in action with Apache Indians in -Whetstone Mountains, Arizona. - -_Appreciation_--"Of the distinguished services rendered to Arizona by -Lieutenant Howard B. Cushing, a book might well be written. It is not -intended to disparage anybody when I say that he performed herculean -and more notable work, perhaps, than had been performed by any other -officer of corresponding rank either before or since. Southern Arizona -owed much to the gallant officers who wore out strength and freely -risked life and limb in her defence; * * * but if there were any choice -among them I am sure that the verdict, if left to those officers -themselves, would be in favor of Cushing."--JOHN G. BOURKE, _On the -Border with Crook_ (N. Y., 1891), pp. 106, 107. - - -_Alonzo Hersford Cushing_ - -_Record_--Wisconsin and New York. Cadet at Military Academy, July -1, 1857 (12); second lieutenant and first lieutenant of the 4th -artillery, June 24, 1861; brevet captain, December 13, 1862, for -gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va.; -major, May 2, 1862, for gallant and meritorious service at the Battle -of Chancellorsville, Va.; and lieutenant colonel, July 1, 1863, for -conspicuous gallantry at the Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., where he was -killed July 3, 1863. - -_Appreciation_--"On the field of Gettysburg, more than once I stood -where the brave Cushing gave up his life, right at the peak of -Pickett's daring charge. Oh that day and that hour! History will not -let that smiling, splendid boy die in vain; her dew will glisten -forever over his record as the earthly morning dew glistens in the -fields. Fame loves the gentleman and the true-hearted, but her -sweetheart is gallant youth."--MORRIS SCHAFF, "Spirit of Old West -Point," in _Atlantic Monthly_, February, 1907. - - -_William Barker Cushing_ - -_Record_--September 25, 1857, appointed acting midshipman, from -33rd N. Y. district; March 23, 1861, resignation accepted; April 1, -appointed master's mate in volunteer navy--served on board the U. S. -S. "Minnesota;" Sept. 13, resignation accepted; Oct. 19, warranted as -a midshipman in the navy from the 1st day of June, 1861; Oct. 25, to -duty in North Atlantic blockading squadron; March 27, 1862, detached -from U. S. S. "Cambridge" (sick) and leave of one month; May 14, to -the U. S. S. "Minnesota;" July 16, promoted to lieutenant; April 27, -1863, commissioned; Sept. 5, detached from the "Shockokon" and to -command the "Monticello;" Oct. 19, 1864, detached and to the North -Atlantic blockading squadron; Nov. 22, again ordered to North Atlantic -blockading squadron; Oct. 27, promoted to lieutenant-commander from -this date; Feb. 20, 1865, commissioned; Feb. 24, detached from command -of the "Monticello" and wait orders; May 17, to the navy yard, New -York, N. Y.; June 13, detached and to the U. S. S. "Hartford;" June 24, -detached and to the U. S. S. "Lancaster," Pacific station; March 11, -1867, detached and wait orders; July 5, to the U. S. S. "Quinnebaug," -15th instant; July 25, previous order revoked and to command the U. -S. S. "Penobscot" when found; Oct. 7, detached and to command the U. -S. S. "Maumee;" Jan. 19, 1870, detached November 12th last, and leave -three months from 13th instant; March 30, to ordnance duty, Navy Yard, -Boston, Mass., April 30th; Jan. 31, 1872, promoted to commander from -this date; Feb. 2, to examination; Feb. 9, detached and wait orders; -May 16, commissioned; June 17, 1873, to command the U. S. S. "Wyoming" -per steamer 28th instant; June 21, previous order suspended; July 11, -to command the U. S. S. "Wyoming;" April 24, 1874, detached and wait -orders; April 27, to duty as assistant to executive officer, Navy Yard, -Washington, D. C.; Aug. 25, detached and to duty as senior aid to -commandant of the Navy Yard, Washington, D. C.; Dec. 17, died this day -at the Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, D. C. - -_Appreciation_--"_To the Senate and House of Representatives_: In -conformity to the law of July 16, 1862, I most cordially recommend -that Lieutenant William B. Cushing, United States Navy, receive a -vote of thanks from Congress for his important, gallant, and perilous -achievement in destroying the rebel ironclad steamer, Albemarle, on -the night of the 27th of October, 1864, at Plymouth, North -Carolina. * * * This recommendation is specially made in order to -comply with the requirements of the aforesaid act which is in the -following words, viz.: That any line officer of the Navy or Marine -Corps may be advanced one grade if upon recommendation of the President -by name he receives the thanks of Congress for highly distinguished -conduct in conflict with the enemy, or for extraordinary heroism in the -lines of his profession. (Signed) - - ABRAHAM LINCOLN." - - - - -THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS - - - - -_A Great New England Exodus_ - - -Beginning with the last decade of the eighteenth century, and -continuing through the first decade of the nineteenth, the northern -and western borders of the state of New York were punctuated with -settlements of a peculiar people along the entire distance, and -reaching inland from the edges of the lakes and rivers along the line, -for a number of miles. These settlements were from New England; but -their population differed somewhat from the aggregate of those who were -left behind. Sires and sons of the great emigration were, in all their -movements, much influenced, no doubt, by the views of their wives, -mothers, and sisters, but the partiality of history takes notice only -of the former. - -They were the men, and the offspring of the men, whose sturdy strokes, -supplemented by their more delicate and elaborate strokes, had turned -New England from a wilderness into fertile fields and flourishing -towns, but who were not permitted to reap the fruits of their past -endeavors in their old homes. Debts had accrued against them while -they had been helping fight the battles of their country in the War -for Independence, and their creditors would not accept in settlement -the worthless Continental currency with which their country had paid -them for their services and sacrifices. In many instances they found -their homesteads taken from them and turned over to lawyers and other -professional men who had abstained from encouragement of bloodshed by -staying out of the army in the "times that tried men's souls." The -returning soldiers were disgusted and amazed by what looked to them -like a less tolerable condition than that which they had opposed of -late with powder and ball. Within a very few years all this feeling -culminated in a rebellion against the government--and particularly -the judicial branch of the government--of the state of Massachusetts, -led by one Daniel Shays, who had attained the rank of captain in the -Continental forces in active service. - -When this uprising was suppressed, as in less than a year it was, an -exodus of the dissatisfied classes began and continued as people could -get ready for their passage over the Hudson and into the wilderness -of what was then the Far West, reaching by way of the Mohawk Valley -even to Lake Erie itself, and up the eastern shore of Lake Ontario to -the St. Lawrence. Washington Irving was evidently familiar with the -appearance of such migrations from early boyhood, and gives a lively -picture in his _Knickerbocker's History of New York_ (though somewhat -distorted for purposes of burlesque entertainment), of the way in which -the Yankees moved westward, accompanied by their families, and with all -their belongings packed away in covered wagons drawn by jaded horses or -toiling oxen. - -The _History_ was published in 1809, when Irving was twenty-six years -old; but it is not probable that he had observed among the immigrant -wagons passing his father's house, the young ship-carpenter, Zattu -Cushing, who attained his majority in 1791, and soon after left his -native home at Plymouth, Mass., reaching the neighborhood of Ballston -Spa, New York, before 1795, the year of his marriage there to Miss -Rachel Buckingham. - -It seems most likely that the trip from Plymouth to the headwaters -of the Hudson was entirely by water; the young man's relations with -seafaring, together with the frequency of coastwise voyages from -the eastern ports of the old Bay State, would naturally have led -him to prefer that route. From the time of his marriage until 1799 -neither tradition nor record points out the character or direction -of his movements. In the last-mentioned year he is said to have been -superintending the construction of a ship, the "Good Intent," at the -island opposite Erie, Pennsylvania, although his residence at the same -time was in the town of Paris, a few miles south of Utica, New York. On -his return home from Erie he took back a team of horses, perhaps the -fruit of his ship-building on the lake. The horses claim a a place in -history on account of the escape of one of them in the neighborhood of -Dunkirk, and the camping-out of the owner, while searching for it, on -the site of the village of Fredonia, his home in subsequent years. - - - - -_The Cushing Family in Western New York_ - - -It was not until 1805 that the young man finally settled at Fredonia, -bringing with him his wife and five children, of whom Milton -Buckingham, born in 1800, was to become the father of perhaps the most -conspicuously daring trio of sons of one mother of any--not excepting -the Roman Horatii or Judean Maccabees--whose exploits have been noted -in the pages of history. For, in the days of early champions, personal -strength and dexterity counted for so much in battle that it did not -appear very extraordinary for Walter Scott's "Fitz-James" to set his -back against a rock and defy a whole tribe of armed Highlanders to a -close contest. The more modern fighting man can not see the death that -he hears whistling and humming about his head in the vicious flight of -bullets; or, tearing the atmosphere apart by means of shell that burst -into whirring fragments of cast-iron, destroying everything they touch, -whether animate or inanimate. He has to be ready for his fate, which -may be handed out to him at any instant without the possibility of -resistance or escape. - -The journey from Oneida County was made in the early winter by -ox-sleighs, and must have taken several days, perhaps running into -weeks, as the route led the emigrants to Dunkirk by way of Buffalo and -the frozen waters along the Erie shore. While spending one night on the -ice, a little way off shore, a thaw came on, in company with a strong -east wind, and the party had some difficulty in reaching land. Fredonia -is only three or four miles inland from the port of Dunkirk, and the -family soon found themselves domiciled in the log hut which in those -days almost always served as the temporary shelter, at least, of the -first occupant of a tract of land in the backwoods of New York. - -The Cushings were evidently well-thought-of by their neighbors, -so the former ship-carpenter soon received the appointment of -associate judge of the Niagara County court. It may seem rather -odd at present that this position should have been conferred upon -a layman; but the experience at their old homes of the emigrating -New Englanders had been such that they retained strong prejudices -against regularly-trained members of the learned professions. They -were quite generally inclined to prefer the illiterate exhortations -of revivalist ministers to the teachings of such clergymen as were -accounted orthodox in the Eastern states; to consider home-bred lawyers -as more likely to strive for the triumph of justice than those who had -devoted their lives to the study of technicalities; and even in respect -to medical practitioners, the self-taught empiric was as likely to -achieve a financial success among them as would be the graduate of a -long-established medical school. - -That the choice of Mr. Cushing as a judge was approved by the people, -became evident when Chautauqua County was set off from Niagara. In -1811, Judge Cushing took the place of presiding judge in the new -organization, and held it for fourteen years. In 1826, after the -opening of the Erie Canal, the judge, in company with other citizens -of Fredonia, built a boat for traffic on the new waterway, and had -it hauled over the three miles between Fredonia and the lake, by -ox-teams; there were said to have been about a hundred in the string. -The jurist therefore did not retire from the activities of life on -retiring from the bench; he found somewhat with which to occupy himself -until his death in 1839, respected and honored by the community where -he lived. - - - - -_The Father of Three Wisconsin Heroes_ - - -In the meantime his son Milton had grown to maturity, had taken the -degree of doctor of medicine after a classical course of study at -Hamilton Literary and Theological Institute, not far from the early -boyhood home of the student--a school founded in 1820, and now become -Colgate University. The duties of a physician were too exacting for his -own health, however. After a few years of practice at Zanesville, Ohio, -where he married his first wife, he became a local merchant, and in -1833, when the wife died, was the father of four children, none of whom -long survived their early manhood or womanhood. - -Not long after the death of Mrs. Cushing, Dr. Cushing removed his -business and home to Columbus, where in 1836 he married Miss Mary -Barker Smith of Boston, who was visiting in the West at the time. She -was then 29 years old, of splendid physical and mental constitution, -and fortunately endowed with a passionate love for life in an open, -free atmosphere, as near as practicable to nature itself. - -After the birth of their eldest son, named for his father, in 1837, -the young couple prepared for their removal into the far west of -Wisconsin, where the Potawatomi still fished and hunted, and whence the -Sauk leader, Black Hawk, had recently been driven. Neither documentary -evidence nor tradition show the manner of travel of the young -couple--whether through the prairies of Indiana and Illinois, and down -the east shore of Lake Michigan, or by sailing vessel around through -the straits of Mackinac. Either of the two routes was then available, -and neither was especially dangerous. - -What seems certain is, that on the 22nd of August, 1838, Howard B. -Cushing, the eldest of the three Wisconsin-born members of that family, -first saw the light at Milwaukee. Nine days previous to the event, -Mrs. Cushing was impressed with the presentiment of death, and wrote in -her Bible the verses following, under the heading, "To Milton, with the -Legacy of his Mother's Bible."[1] - -[1] E. M. H. Edwards, _Commander William Barker Cushing_ (N. Y., 1898), -pp. 22, 23. - - I have no gold, my darling son, - No wealth to leave to thee-- - Yet never light hath shone upon - A richer, costlier, holier one - Than this my legacy; - "Bought with a price," this guide of youth-- - And gemmed with wisdom, light, and truth. - - Should'st thou live on through many years, - Of pilgrimage below, - Full well I know that earthly fears - And human woe and human tears, - Attend the path thou'lt go, - And that thy soul may well endure-- - Drink deeply of this fountain pure. - - Farewell, my son! perchance through grace - We'll meet again above-- - Thine infant memory may not trace - Thy mother's form, thy mother's face; - But O, that mother's love - Burns deep for thee, my first-born child! - _God keep thy spirit undefiled!_ - -If this is to be understood as an indication of despondent gloom, on -the part of the writer, it is the only one left by this conspicuous -exemplar of fine American womanhood. In later years, as will appear in -these pages, she was obliged to undergo privations more difficult to -encounter than those of a residence at the confluence of the Milwaukee -and Menomonee rivers--then a forlorn waste of swamps and hills, that -looked as though they would successfully defy the efforts of man for -transformation into the fairest of the cities along the shores of the -Great Lakes. - -In 1838 the little village contained not more than about eight hundred -inhabitants, and these were divided by Milwaukee River into two -hostile camps, whose differences were always apparently on the point -of breaking out into actual violence. The stream was still unbridged, -and it seemed likely that this watery frontier would long remain a -boundary line as fixed as that of the Rhine in Europe. Mrs. Cushing -had been reared among the most highly-cultivated people of Boston, and -was related to such distinguished families as the Adamses, Hancocks, -and Phillipses. It was not at all strange, therefore, that with three -or four children of her husband by a former wife to care for, besides -her own baby of sixteen months, she should have been attacked by the -nostalgia that has often dragged grown men to untimely graves. - -It was an evidence of the strength of character of this city-bred lady -that she so soon recovered her elasticity of spirit after the birth of -Howard, and again faced the hardships of frontier life as fearlessly as -her sons faced death in the campaigns of the great Civil War. It must -have been soon after her convalescence that she paralleled the shout of -Hannibal's soldiers, "Beyond the Alps lies Italy!" with the thought, at -least, that beyond the Menomonee marshes lay a country resembling in -aspect the most carefully tended English parks, but swarming with more -delicious and satisfying game of earth, water, and air than could be -found in any open hunting grounds of Europe. This was the country of -the "oak openings," extending for scores of miles to the westward, and -jeweled with lovely lakelets, from Pewaukee to beyond the "Four Lakes," -between two of which latter was to rise the capital of the nascent -state. - - - - -_From Milwaukee to the Nemahbins_ - - -In 1838 there was no elaborate road between Milwaukee and Waukesha, -but the intervening twenty miles presented no serious obstacles to -travel. A pioneer woman who made the trip that year, Mrs. Talbot C. -Dousman, wrote of it[2] that her pen was inadequate to a description -of the beautiful scenes. The prairie grasses stood as high as the -horses' knees, and thick with lovely flowers. Often, says she, "we -found ourselves looking about for the house belonging to these -beautiful grounds; but it was emphatically 'God's country,' without -sight or sound of human habitation, from the house where we dined [in -the present town of Brookfield] till we reached our home in the woods, -thirty miles from Milwaukee." - -[2] _History of Waukesha County, Wis._ (Chicago, 1880), pp. 473, 474. - -The route taken by the Paddock family, and thus depicted by one of -its daughters, passed the site of Waukesha rather more than a mile -north, and ended not far from the subsequent home of the Cushings. -Indeed, it was most probably followed by the Cushings early in 1839, -and one may feel no hesitation in believing that the latter breathed -in with delight the clear, sweet atmosphere of the "openings," as they -passed from hill to hill, skirting the south shore of Pewaukee Lake and -the southern point of Nagawicka, under the shadow of the magnificent -semi-mountain of Wisconsin's Kettle Range, and then into the charming -valley surrounded by lakelets and now occupied by the beautiful little -village of Delafield. - -At that time there was no obstruction to the free flowage of Bark River -from Nagawicka to the upper Nemahbin, two miles to the westward. The -site of the log cabin chosen by Dr. Cushing is about half way between -those lakes, and only a few rods north of the river. It may still be -recognized by travellers on the interurban trolley, by means of two -beautiful elm trees across the river, from a point half a mile west -of the trolley station at Delafield. Less than a mile farther north, -are the buildings of the Nashotah Theological Seminary, some of which -are also visible from the electric road. Then, however, oak openings -extended north and south without visible termination. It was an ideal -place for rest from the busy employments of the world, and Mrs. Cushing -long afterwards said that her sojourn there was the happiest period of -her life. - -Almost immediately, Dr. Cushing took a prominent place in this -community. Appointed justice of the peace, he made the first entries in -his docket February 15, 1840, in a case tried before him, between G. -S. Hosmer, plaintiff, and Russell Frisby, defendant. What is now the -township of Delafield was then the south half of the town of Warren, -but it was the next winter set off by an act of the legislature under -the name of Nemahbin, and Dr. Cushing was placed at the head of the new -municipal organization as chairman of its first board of supervisors. -The town meeting at which he was elected was held January 5, 1842, at -the schoolhouse; and over it presided George Paddock, whom we have -already noted as guiding his daughter to this locality. - -More than two years before, on December 28, 1839, a second son had -been born to Mrs. Cushing and her husband, and named Walter. The date -of the death of this child is not preserved, but he could not have -outlived very early childhood, since the burial place was on the farm -from which the parents removed within the next five years. - -Alonzo was also born on the Delafield farm, as shown by a family Bible -lately brought to light. Until this discovery his birth had been -credited to Milwaukee, like that of his elder brother, Howard. He was -born on January 19, 1841. - -Neither store nor post office had yet been established in the little -hamlet, nor was either of those conveniences to be found there for -more than two years afterward. The original Hawks's tavern was built -and opened to the public in 1840, and was deemed a great blessing by -immigrants on their way westward along the lately-cleared Territorial -Road; but there were no table supplies to be found on sale nearer than -Prairieville (now Waukesha), a dozen miles back towards Milwaukee. - -The year 1842 was an eventful one for the frontier township of -Nemahbin, since in the early part of the summer, a milldam was built -at the outlet of Nagawicka Lake, while not long after a gentleman -named Delafield arrived there, purchased the water power and its -improvements, and erected a flouring mill where the village mill has -ever since been a conspicuous figure in the landscape. But of far -greater importance was the birth, in the cabin north of the river of -which we have already spoken, on November 4, of that later glory of the -American navy, William Barker Cushing. - -As Dr. Cushing's first wife died in 1833, it follows that the youngest -of her children could not have been at this time less than nine years -old. Although nothing is told of the date of the former marriage in -any writings accessible to me, it seems likely that the eldest of the -children of that connection may have been born as early as 1825, and -therefore may have become fairly well qualified to take charge of the -household during any temporary incapacity on the part of Mrs. Cushing -herself. - -Mrs. Edwards states in her life of the naval commander[3] that there -were four children of Dr. Cushing's first marriage, but gives the -names of only three of them, who were all members of the family in -Wisconsin. The Milwaukee County records show the purchase, in 1844, -by Mrs. Cushing from Dr. Castleman, to whom the farm had then been -sold, of a burial lot, 6 feet by 4, including a grave, undoubtedly -that of her third son, Walter; and William was the youngest of her -sons and the youngest of the family except a daughter, born in Chicago -and still living there--Mrs. Isabel Cushing Bouton. In Mrs. Edwards' -volume, however, Mrs. Cushing is credited with being the mother of -seven, though she names only five. The last conveyance by Dr. Cushing -himself appearing in the register's office at Waukesha, is a deed to -Dr. Castleman of part of his holdings, dated April 13, 1843. It may -be pretty safely assumed that he became aware at about that time of -the inroads of a disease in his own system which some four years later -proved fatal. - -[3] Edwards, _op. cit._, p. 15. - - - - -_Removal to Chicago_ - - -In 1844, then, it is probable that the wife and mother left the -little town that she had learned to love so well, and wended her way -to Chicago with her own children and those of her husband's former -marriage. It is said that she had suggested the name of Delafield -for the township, because the Nemahbin lakes were not within its -boundaries. The change in designation was made by the legislature in -1843. During all the time of the residence of the family here, they -lived in Milwaukee County, in the Territory of Wisconsin. Waukesha -County had not yet been accorded a separate civic organization, and -Wisconsin did not become a state until 1848. Mrs. Cushing's choice -for the name of the place was stated by her to have been influenced -by what she considered the more euphonious sound of the name adopted, -when compared with the family name that was to be immortalized and -made resplendent by her three sons born in Wisconsin. It is a pity -that the town had not been called Cushing, for Mr. Delafield died soon -afterwards, and the mill property was sold with the rest of the estate -of the deceased in 1846, since which date there has been nothing of an -historical character to remind one of the origin of the local name. - -There is no available information of the events of the three years -ending with 1847 and relating to the Cushing family in Chicago--a town -not then as satisfactory from an aesthetic view-point as the Milwaukee -they had left in 1839. Perhaps an exception should be made to this -statement of lack of information, in favor of an anecdote told by -Mrs. Edwards of the young William walking off into Lake Michigan, and -informing his rescuer that his name was "Bill Coon," so that he could -not be immediately identified. He consequently was lost to his family -for the succeeding thirty-six hours. It is also mentioned incidentally -that Dr. Cushing resumed the practice of medicine at Chicago, but -he could hardly have attained much success in it, on account of his -declining health. Early in 1847 he returned to Ohio, perhaps arranging -there for the future of the two sons by his first marriage, one of -whom became a lawyer and partner of Salmon P. Chase, and the other a -physician; but both died several years before the outbreak of the war. - - - - -_The Mother in Charge of the Family_ - - -Dr. Cushing himself died at Gallipolis, Ohio, on April 22, 1847. He -must have been a man of considerable force of character, and of great -personal attractiveness, as well as of correct conceptions of right and -wrong, with sympathies always for the right side of public questions. -His physical constitution was not robust, however, and he therefore -passed away without leaving any memory of important action of his own, -and without provision for his widow and her children. - -It is at this point that Mrs. Cushing's personality becomes more -distinctly visible to the investigator of the family annals. Having to -lay out a course of life with particular reference to the welfare of -her little ones, she wisely decided, like Ruth in the ancient story, to -go back to the home of her husband's relatives, and there to begin life -anew. She loved her independence and had no intention of quartering -herself upon the charity of those well-disposed people; but it was -reasonable to hope that they, or some of them, would take sufficient -interest in the boys, at any rate, to point out ways and means for -their development into good citizens, and opportunities of which they -might take advantage to win places of honor and usefulness among their -fellow men. - -She was very soon enabled to establish a school for children at -Fredonia, by means of which, with the practice of strict economy, -she maintained her family in a respectable manner. The indulgence -of social vanities was of course not within the scope of her plans. -Her boys were required to help in the support of the family by the -performance of such slight tasks as the neighbors called upon them -to accomplish--driving cows to pasture, and other "chores" of a -similar character. All moneys earned by this work were handed over to -the mother and employed to the common advantage of the family. Mrs. -Bouton, of Chicago, the youngest of the children, and the only one now -surviving, writes this, of her early life at home: - - One trait, I think, was very remarkable in our family--the respect - and courtesy manifested toward each other. I never received a - reproof or heard an impatient word from either of my brothers. - They always displayed toward each other and my mother and myself, - the same courtesy they would show to a commanding officer. The - petting and love I received was enough to have spoiled me for life - for contact with the world. - -In the case of William, at least, the spirit of courtesy would not -appear to have been so overwhelming as to prevent an occasional -exuberance of spirits, an instance of which is told of in a letter from -Mrs. Julia G. Horton of Buffalo, cited by Mrs. Edwards as follows:[4] - -[4] _Ibid_, p. 38. - - Will was never happier than when playing some joke upon one of - his elder brothers. One summer evening I accompanied his brother - Alonzo (Allie, as we used to call him) "to the mill-pond," upon - his invitation to take a row in a forlorn old scow which was much - patronized by the young people for what they considered delightful - trips over the smooth pond. When we reached the bank we found that - some one had untied the boat and set it adrift. No other boat - was to be had and so we sat down on a log, wondering if some one - had tricked us out of our row. Soon we heard a wild whoop in the - distance and saw Master Will waving an oar and shouting to us: - "Next time you want to row, don't forget to ask your friends." - -Mrs. Horton also tells an anecdote of how the future commander followed -her and one of his brothers to a prayer-meeting, seating himself behind -them and singing improvised personalities instead of the approved words -of the hymns that were being sung by the worshippers, so that he was -discovered by a church official and led out of the congregation in -disgrace. There are other like narratives surviving among the relatives -and acquaintances of the Cushings, but none of them throw additional -light upon the young men in whom we are at this time most interested. -With Milton, the eldest, tradition has not seemed to busy itself. He -was not a native of Wisconsin; and it may be enough to say here that in -due time he became a paymaster in the Union navy, receiving promotion, -until he was retired for disability, as paymaster of the fleet then in -the Mediterranean, and died January 1, 1886. He married, but left no -issue. - -Of the younger lads, Howard appears to have been endowed with an -unusual aspiration for independence of action, so that at fourteen -years of age he took the position of "devil" in the office of _The -Censor_, in his home village of Fredonia. As soon as he had obtained -enough of the technique of the trade to imagine himself able to hold -his own among strangers, he went to Boston, where flourished the -aristocratic relatives of his mother. Here he continued his labors at -the press and in the composing room until affected with some illness -that made him homesick as well, upon which he returned to Fredonia to -recover under his mother's ministrations. When that result was attained -he started for Chicago, memories of which progressive town doubtless -had haunted him all through his sojourn in the East. - -He had left Chicago before he was ten years old. The Cushing traits -of character were shared by him in such measure, however, as to make -it reasonably certain that he was remembered affectionately by former -acquaintances, and the road towards independence was doubtless made -as easy for him as it could be made with a youth whose dread of being -under personal obligations to his friends was in any instance hard to -overcome. A situation as typesetter was given him in the office of _The -Farmer's Advocate_, and in that capacity and place he worked until -his enlistment in 1862 as a private soldier in an Illinois volunteer -artillery regiment. - - - - -_All the Boys Established_ - - -In the meantime, Alonzo was bravely attending to such home duties as -would be valuable in lightening his mother's work. - -In 1855 her brother-in-law, Francis S. Edwards, took his seat as member -of Congress from the Thirty-fourth New York district, and the next year -procured the appointment of William as a page on the floor of the House. - -Towards the end of the session he also secured the appointment of -Alonzo as a cadet at West Point, where he entered in 1857, in the -seventeenth year of his age, being described in the Academy records as -5 feet and 5 inches tall. - -William was then fourteen, and a favorite among the congressmen with -whom he came into touch. He also attracted the notice of a relative, -Commodore Joseph Smith of the Navy, afterwards admiral, who took -measures to have the boy entered as a cadet at the Naval Academy at -Annapolis. - -Milton was employed in a pharmacy at Fitchburg, Mass., where he -remained until the outbreak of the war. - -Mrs. Cushing henceforth had only herself and her young daughter to -provide for. She had fought a good fight, and had succeeded in the -establishment of all her sons in positions in which they were tolerably -well assured of a good equipment for life work, in which the ordinary -young American of that era only needed a sound mind in a sound body and -a fair field, with no favor, in order to accomplish something worth -while, whether in war or in peace. - -But it should be here noted, that the all-important feature of -personal character was and is requisite in the making of an American -whose existence is to be of advantage to his country. In such a -republic as ours, the nation would surely fail of long endurance if -a considerable proportion of its citizens did not hold the national -welfare as something higher and more sacred than that of their own -individual personality, and could not be found able and willing when -the emergency should arise, to give their best efforts, even at the -imminent peril of life and limb, to the advancement of the common -welfare. It was the prevalence of such elements of character among -great numbers of our citizens that carried us through the stress of -the Civil War in a manner that left us afterwards stronger and more -respected by the whole world than before its beginning, and which now -bids fair to place us beyond dispute at the head of all the nations of -the earth. In the building up of character of this kind, women were -most potent, and among American women Mary Cushing stands in this -respect in the very front rank. This was evidenced by her furnishing to -the country in its day of need at least three youthful sons so equipped -in intellect, nerve, and unflinching will as to be among the most -serviceable of all the soldiers and sailors of the Union army and navy. - -The four years following the entrance of Alonzo and William to -the military and naval academies respectively, were devoid of any -incidents of absorbing interest in the lives of the young Cushings. -At West Point, Alonzo was approved by his superiors and beloved by -his fellows. Modest in demeanor, but always efficient in his work, -and kindly towards under-classmen, General Morris Schaff's "Spirit of -Old West Point"[5] shows the esteem in which he was held by all. He -was graduated June 24, 1861, and on the same day commissioned second -lieutenant in the Fourth Artillery, being promoted to first lieutenant -before leaving the hall. - -[5] _Atlantic Monthly_, February, 1907. - -William's cadet experience was somewhat more eventful, for the reason -that the spirit of mischief was more dominant with him at that time -than with his brothers. The culmination of his pranks was reached -towards the close of the winter of 1861, when he fixed a bucket of -water at the top of the doorway through which his teacher of Spanish -was to pass on his way to an evening party. The teacher was deluged, -but the youngster was given permission to resign his cadetship, -which he did on March 23. This release was necessary for the sake of -discipline, but it was evidently not the intention of the officers to -allow him to pass permanently out of the navy. In a month after his -enforced resignation he was acting master's mate on board the frigate -"Minnesota," from which he wrote a letter dated May 7, 1861, to his -cousin, Miss Mary B. Edwards, at East Troy, Wisconsin, that may serve -to indicate his feeling as to his chosen profession at the beginning of -its really serious work. He says: - - I can write but a few hasty lines. I am an officer on board of the - splendid steam frigate, Minnesota. We have just left our moorings, - and as I write, we are moving under steam and sail, out of Boston - harbor. I am going to fight under the old banner of freedom. I - may never return, but if I die it shall be under the folds of the - flag that sheltered my infancy, and while striking a blow for its - honor and my own. * * * Wherever there is fighting, there we will - be, and where there is danger in the battle, there will I be, for - I will gain a name in this war. I must now say, Good-by; God bless - you, Mary. I will write you from homeward bound vessels as often as - possible. - -The young lady to whom this and many other letters were written by -William B. Cushing, during his stay at Annapolis and subsequently, was -a daughter of the congressman who took the boy to Washington in the -first instance, and it is likely that the two young people were on -terms of familiar acquaintance with each other while they were at the -capital. He writes to her as though she were his confidential friend as -well as his cousin. Seven weeks after sending the foregoing he wrote -again from the "Colorado," that he had - - been to the North twice in command of valuable prize ships captured - from the enemy. I am now on my return trip from one of these - expeditions. One of my prizes was worth seventy-five thousand - dollars, while the last was nearly double in value to that. I have - gained considerable honor by taking them safely to New York and - Philadelphia, and I expect promotion before long. - -His expectation proved well grounded, although in a boy of eighteen it -may have seemed rather extravagant. Before completing his twentieth -year, as will appear later, he had the unique distinction (for one of -his age) of being given absolute command of one of the Union gunboats. -But that story will properly wait. - - - - -_The Beginning of the War_ - - -From another account it seems that one of the prizes, "The Delaware -Farmer," was taken in by Cushing himself, and was the first taken -in the war by anybody. During most of July the young sailor was on -duty with the blockading squadron off the coast of the Carolinas. In -August he was once more on the waters of the Chesapeake, engaged in -storming a land battery and destroying some small supporting vessels -at the same place. In the meantime, Alonzo was just as rapidly -obtaining distinction. From West Point he had proceeded without delay -to Washington, and on reaching the capital had applied himself most -assiduously to the work most necessary at that time to be performed. -When the writer of this sketch arrived at Washington as a member of -a volunteer regiment early in July, 1861, Alonzo's smooth, swarthy -face and supple figure were to be seen wherever there was a volunteer -battery in need of instruction and drill. Although he worked his pupils -hard, they all loved him for his radiant smiles and frequent infectious -laughter, which were potent factors in smoothing the grim front of -grizzled war. - -He was then only in his twenty-first year and looked still younger. -Standing 5 ft. 9 in. in his stockings, his length of limb was such -as to give him the appearance, when on horseback, of being under -middle height. His good nature was so unusual on the part of young -regular officers, that it captivated every volunteer with whom he came -in contact. On July 18 he was at the front in the battle, or rather -reconnaissance, at Blackburn's Ford, near the stone bridge over Bull -Run, and three days later was in the thick of the disastrous fight -on the farther side of that stream. His conduct on that occasion was -said to have been admirable, but his position was not yet sufficiently -advanced to secure him mention in the reports of general officers, -such as became a mere matter of course as soon as he fought on his -own responsibility, whether in command of his battery or detached for -important staff duty at corps and grand division headquarters. - -In no instance is there record of failure on his part to meet the -utmost expectations of his superior officers, while generally he -exceeded those expectations by a great margin. Although not at the very -head of his class at the Military Academy, all who knew him concur -in the opinion that he came as near realizing the ideal of a perfect -soldier as any of the contestants of the Civil War. His assignment -to duty as a first lieutenant of artillery on leaving the Academy, -was strong proof that high expectations were already formed as to his -future. - -Within less than a month after he left West Point (July 22, 1861, to be -specific), in company with some thousands of other infantry soldiers, -I was floundering along the vile wagon way from the Long Bridge to -Bailey's Cross Roads, where our regiment was to make its headquarters -for several weeks afterwards, sending out scouting parties from time -to time, and establishing picket outposts in what appeared to our -uneducated eyes to be appropriate points of vantage. On the Monday -just mentioned, a copious rain set in at a very early hour, and the -roadsides were strewn with knapsacks, blankets, and other impedimenta -of the returning soldiers who plodded along towards Washington from -the battle of the day before. Many of them had marched all night, and -very few of them had taken more than short intervals of rest during -their night exit from the vicinity of Bull Run. One battery was -distinguished for its fine appearance, however; and that was Battery -A of the Fourth regular artillery. Cushing was in command of it when -it met and passed us, and even the events of the preceding twenty-four -hours had not been sufficient to take away his smile--although it might -have shown a sarcastic side to a closer observer than I then was. - -The infantry regiment in which I was a private retired to Arlington, -about the first of September, from the front line of the troops around -Washington, and found that wonderful organization of volunteers west of -the Potomac, plastic under McClellan's skillful hand, in the full bloom -of its evolution. Cushing entered into the spirit of soldier-making and -of earthwork construction, and his labors were of acknowledged value. -But what McClellan was competent to do was soon done. The great review -at Bailey's Cross Roads was a source of astonishment to the expert -spectators from other nations who observed the accuracy of its military -movements and the excellent bearing of the 70,000 men who might easily -have marched to Centerville the next day and squelched the Virginia -section of the rebellion with not a hundredth part of the effort that -was required for that purpose in the years following. It must have been -with a heavy heart that Alonzo Cushing, always longing for effective -action, saw the splendid opportunities of the winter of 1861 squandered -in useless delays. - -Although he made no complaint, the experience of Howard during 1861 -afforded ground for greater personal vexation. He had raised a company -from among the newspaper men of Chicago. They had elected him captain, -but for some reason their services were not accepted by the Illinois -state authorities, and he reluctantly resumed his regular work, -pursuing it until he could no longer resist the call of his country -to the field. He therefore enlisted (March 24, 1862) as a private -soldier in Battery B, First Illinois Artillery, in which he afterwards -served faithfully and with as much credit as a private is usually -thought entitled to, through several strenuous campaigns, including the -operations about Vicksburg. There can be no reasonable doubt that his -services as a private would furnish material for a story of interest -and instruction; but no record of them is attainable, and the outline -of his military life must here be postponed until after the earlier -notable achievements of his younger brothers shall have been narrated. - -With William, events were shaping themselves as he desired, except -that the fighting was not quite as plentiful as he wished. On November -22, 1861, eighteen days after his eighteenth birthday anniversary, -he wrote to his cousin Mary (at East Troy, Wisconsin, then recently -married to Mr. C. W. Smith), from the "Cambridge," a lively account of -an expedition into the Rappahannock River to cut out a vessel loaded -with wheat, which was burned on being found hard and fast on shore. -Returning, the boat was bombarded by cannon and musketry along the -river bank. Of the concluding scenes of this expedition, he gives the -following account: - - The Southerners had stationed a company of their riflemen in a - house, and watching them I fired canister till I had for the - time silenced their great gun. I then threw a thirty-pound shell - which burst directly in the house, tearing it in pieces, and as - I afterwards learned, killing and wounding some twenty-five men. - This dis-heartened the rebels, and a few more rounds from the gun - and the rifles finished the work, and we quietly steamed down the - river to the ship. * * * Of course I was glad to learn that I had - been mentioned with credit in the official dispatch to the Navy - department. - -There was nothing else that winter in the way of adventure of his -own that he thought worth mention; but he was a spectator (March 9, -1862), of the battle in Hampton Roads between the "Monitor" and the -"Merrimac," wherein the destiny of wooden ships was settled for all -time. - -Alonzo was prone, with the anonymous poet, to, - - Count that day lost whose low-descending sun - Saw at his hands no worthy action done. - -The test of worthiness with him was usefulness to the Union cause. -So when the defenses of the capital were completed, he took up the -duties (January 21, 1862) of ordnance officer for the Second Corps, -at General Sumner's headquarters--until the return, in March, of the -Army of the Potomac from its fruitless promenade to Centerville, and -to the vacant quarters of the Confederate army there. On March 21 -he was commanded to act as an aid-de-camp to Sumner, in charge of -topographical work, which was considered particularly important in the -operations at Yorktown. This lasted from April 5 to May 4, when it -was again discovered that the Confederates had declined to wait for -the annihilation prepared for them if they would delay moving until -McClellan should get all his parallels in shape according to Vauban, or -whomever the authority on earthworks then in vogue may have been. - - - - -_The last year of Alonzo's Life_ - - -In the "seven days" before Richmond, his conduct was such as to receive -very high praise from Sumner. Before the end of July, an order of -transfer was made for him to become an officer of the Topographical -Engineers, the most intellectually elevated of all the branches of the -army. - -To foregather with the military high-brows was not an aspiration -of this soldier, however, and he respectfully declined the honor. -Notwithstanding his preference for artillery work, McClellan ordered -him to perform the duties of assistant topographical engineer at his -own headquarters when he set out on the Maryland campaign, and kept -him at the work as long as he himself was in command of the Army of -the Potomac. The general had a keen eye for unusual merit in young -soldiers; one of the causes of the personal affection felt towards -him by the great bulk of his officers and men was his promptness to -acknowledge their merits. - -On November 5, McClellan was superseded by General Burnside, and the -Army of the Potomac was soon after re-organized by separation into -three "grand divisions" under the respective commands of Generals -Sumner, Franklin, and Hooker, for the right, the left, and the centre. - -The right grand division was naturally to take the initiative in -future movements, and Sumner wanted Cushing for topographical work -at his headquarters. The required surveying and map-making were not -objectionable to the young man, so long as no active operations were in -sight, and his labors in this direction also received warm commendation -from the commanding officers. Indeed, no task was ever placed upon the -shoulders of Alonzo Hersford Cushing, whether in civil or in military -life, so far as I have been able to ascertain, that was not well and -cheerfully done. - -[Illustration: Facsimile of part of letter from Alonzo H. Cushing to -his brother Milton; written after the fights before Richmond in 1862. -For group photograph alluded to in postscript, see frontispiece to this -volume.] - -The disastrous battle of Fredericksburg occurred on December 13, -and Lieutenant Cushing cut loose for the day from grand division -headquarters, taking position by the side of General Couch, commanding -the Second Corps, with whom he found ample opportunity for deeds of -heroic daring, which were acknowledged in a general way in Couch's -report of the part taken by his corps in the fight. "Lieutenant -Cushing," he says, "was with me throughout the battle, and acted with -his well-known gallantry." Such further representation of Cushing's -conduct was made to the War Department that President Lincoln brevetted -him captain, to date from the 13th of December, "for gallant and -meritorious services at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va." A leave of -absence for a three weeks' visit home was also accorded to him from -January 26, 1863--his last opportunity for a glimpse of life among -his relatives and friends. On returning to Virginia, Cushing resumed -command of his battery, and never afterwards left it until his -glorious death on the third day at Gettysburg. - -The battle of Chancellorsville was prefaced by several tentative -actions, beginning at Fitzhugh's Crossing on the Rappahannock, below -Fredericksburg (April 29, 1863), and continuing at Spottsylvania -Court House, Fredericksburg, Salem Heights and Marye's Heights before -culminating in "The Wilderness" on May 3. - -What Cushing did in this fighting, I have not been able to ascertain; -but that it partook of the character of his service is evident -because the President gave him the brevet of major, dating from May -2, 1863, "for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of -Chancellorsville." It may incidentally be mentioned that in those days -a presidential brevet was of more importance than it afterwards became -under subsequent acts of Congress. Originally it entitled the officer, -if he pleased, to wear the uniform of his brevet rank, to be addressed -by his brevet title, and to serve as of his brevet rank when specially -detailed. Under later laws he could not properly wear the uniform of -rank above that which belonged to him by regular commission. - -It was a short two months from Chancellorsville to Gettysburg, and the -concluding two weeks were full of incident for the men engaged, though -history has not considered it worth while to note the incidents in -any length of detail. Even the _Rebellion Records_ published by the -national government have little to say of the marches of the two great -opposing armies from the Rappahannock to the sources of the Monocacy -and beyond. - -But the destiny of the Republic was entwined in the serpentine paths of -Lee's army going down the west side of the Blue Ridge, and Hooker's on -the east side, both headed towards the north. A change of commanders of -the Army of the Potomac was also impending, of which the soldiers knew -nothing, but which was all the time a puzzle and worry to the corps and -division leaders. Cushing, with an ever cheerful face, was found with -his battery in front of each successive mountain pass reached by the -advance of Lee's forces, as the latter moved along the valley of the -Shenandoah on the western side of the range. - -On June 25, Hancock concentrated the Second Corps, of which he was now -the head, at Haymarket, only a few miles from Manassas and Thoroughfare -Gaps. There the Confederate cavalry general, Stuart, was surprised -to find so large a force and went back over the mountains--again -northward, in the track of Lee, instead of delaying the Union army by -a raid on its rear, as he had expected to do when he was detached from -the main Confederate army before crossing the Potomac. - -That Hancock should parallel Stuart's march was a matter of course, and -on June 30 he was in bivouac at Taneytown, half a dozen miles south -of Gettysburg. The next day the curtain was partially withdrawn from -the most magnificent spectacle of a conflict of ideas, supported by -fighting men, that the Western Continent, at least, ever witnessed. -Hancock's corps, to which Cushing was attached, was resting at -Taneytown all day; but after the death of General Reynolds, Hancock was -on the battlefield north of the town; and although the battery was with -the rest of the corps, there can be little doubt that Cushing was with -him personally as a temporary aide. My reason for assuming this is, -that the brevet of lieutenant-colonel, made out for him the next day, -stated that the honor was conferred "for conspicuous gallantry at the -battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863." - -I wish that I had even one letter written by Lieutenant Cushing between -Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, but I have knowledge of none. Such a -document would admit us to his inner feelings. From his acts alone, and -from what his most intimate acquaintances in the army have written, -our judgment must be formed. A history of the great battle can not be -given here; but fortunately no account of the engagement by a reputable -writer fails to take notice of the part taken by the brave young son of -Wisconsin in stemming the high tide of rebellion on the third day of -the conflict. In Colonel Haskell's absorbing story, a tribute is also -paid to Cushing's endeavors on the second day.[6] To that narrative -the reader is referred for that, among other living pictures of the -deadly struggle. - -[6] Frank Aretas Haskell, _The Battle of Gettysburg_ (Wisconsin History -Commission: Reprints, No. 1, November, 1908), pp. 102, 116, 120, 121. - -For me, it must be sufficient to portray as well as I can the final -stand of Battery A and its commander at the focus of the last day's -fighting. Our line of battle stretched along the ridge overlooking the -valley between it and the southern armies; along its whole length, -fighting was either imminent or actually in evidence. The thunder of -artillery was like a continuous roar that filled the atmosphere. The -fire of most of the one hundred and fifteen Confederate cannon then in -action seemed to be directed by a kind of instinct towards the point -in our line where the batteries of Cushing, Woodruff, and Rorty were -belching destruction in the faces of their assailants, a mile and a -half away. The artillery practice of the Southerners was good. Between -the afternoon hours of 1 and 3, many of our artillery organizations -suffered severe losses by the bursting of ammunition chests, the -breaking of wheels of gun carriages, and the overthrow of horses that -lay in death struggles on the ground. Men were hit, also. Among the -first to receive a serious wound that fateful afternoon was Cushing -himself. Both thighs were torn open by a fragment of shell--under which -ill fortune, said General Webb in his report, "he fought for an hour -and a half, cool, brave, competent." - -The commander of his brigade, Colonel Hall, reported that: - - he challenged the admiration of all who saw him. Three of his - limbers were blown up and changed with the caisson limbers, under - fire. Several wheels were shot off his guns and replaced, till at - last, severely wounded himself, his officers all killed or wounded, - and with but cannoneers enough to man a section, he pushed his - gun to the fence in front and was killed while serving his last - canister into the ranks of the advancing enemy. - -Hall's last reference is to a later hour of July 3 than that to -which I at present wish to call attention. It is near 3 o'clock in -the afternoon. To give them an opportunity to cool off somewhat, our -eighty cannon have been ordered to cease firing. The artillerymen throw -themselves on the ground to rest, or help clear away dead horses and -other debris from about the guns. Our infantry line is closely fronted -by stone walls and other fences along the Emmetsburg road, or a short -distance back from that thoroughfare. The protection thus afforded -is not at all certain, even when sods are packed against the fences, -for a solid cannon shot or fragment of shell may penetrate such an -earthwork, when reinforced only by a wooden fence, as though it were a -row of cigar boxes. It affords some defense, however, against bullets -which strike diagonally, or are fired over a considerable distance. -Down in front of the hill called "Round Top," Kilpatrick's cavalry -are worrying the right of the enemy; but that fails to disturb those -in the neighborhood of Cushing, who was almost in the middle of the -outstretched line of Union troops. - -Now Pickett's splendid column of 17,000 Virginians emerge from the -woods on the farther side of the valley, and direct their course -towards the point where Cushing is holding a front place. Other Union -batteries are hurling solid shot at the enemy, as they start on their -fatal journey across the valley. Confederate cannon send volleys -of shell over the heads of their infantry, into the groups of our -cannoneers, who continue to pelt the advancing column. The iron shells -burst in midair, with puffs of smoke, like sporadic ejections from the -smoke-pipe of a locomotive engine, but with resounding clangs. If the -puff from a bursting shell is behind you, or directly overhead, you -are safe from the effects of that explosion; but if seen in front, the -iron fragments are likely to cut through the flesh and bones of some of -you; for the forward motion of the shell is not lost by its explosion, -although the pieces acquire additional directions of flight. There is -a composite of demoniac noises, every missile splitting the atmosphere -with its own individual hum, whir, or shriek; the musketry rattle like -hail, and the deep boom of cannonry lends its all-pervading basso to -the symphony of thousands of instruments and voices. - -As the grim column hurries on, our batteries change from solid shot to -shell, tearing great gaps in the advancing lines; but these resolutely -close up, and move forward to attain a distance from which their rifled -muskets shall be used effectively against us. This reached, they begin -blazing away. Cushing and his neighbors open upon them with canister -and case, every discharge sending a shower of small metal into the -approaching ranks. However, the survivors press onward, firing as they -come, and the batteries behind them send their shell among our cannon, -killing horses and men, and overthrowing guns, but not yet harming -afresh the young hero whom we are particularly noting. Woodruff and -Rorty are slain, though, at the head of other batteries close at hand. - -At last a bullet pierces Cushing's shoulder. He simply laughs at the -hurt, calling to Webb, his division commander, "I'll give them one more -shot. Good-by!" As he serves the last round of canister, another bullet -strikes him in the mouth, passing through the base of his brain, and -he falls forward, bereft of life, into the arms of his clarion-voiced, -resolute, and fearless orderly sergeant, Frederick Fuger, whom he has -called to his side to convey his orders to the men. - -The Union line of infantry was also making use of its muskets, in -trying to stop the Confederate assault. The aim of the soldiers was -more or less accurate in proportion to the nerve-control exercised -by the respective individuals engaged. For not all of the forces -attacking or attacked are fully conscious of what they are doing, -when the surrounding air is pregnant with death. Some try to shoot -with their eyes shut, and others forget to place a percussion cap on -their firearm. Out of over thirty-seven thousand muskets left on the -Gettysburg battle-ground by soldiers of both sides, no longer able to -carry them, nearly a third were loaded with more than one cartridge -each, and many with more than two. We pardon the confusion of mind -exhibited before his audience, by a young actor or speaker, and it -surely is no less to be expected that unaccustomed soldiers should -often feel trepidation when face to face with death. - -Despite the firing from our side, a hundred of Armistead's men kept -close to their chief, leaping the fence next to Cushing's battery, just -behind him, and in time to see their leader lay hand on Cushing's last -cannon and fall dying with a bullet through his body--only a few yards -from where his late indomitable opponent lay dead. - -By the side of that field-piece, went out the lives of two as gallant -warriors as ever wielded sword on battlefield, and Cushing still -lacked six months of completing his twenty-third year of life. The -Southern soldiers who thought they had taken the battery, now rushed -back or surrendered on the spot, and the flood tide of rebellion began -to recede, never again to attain so dangerous a height, although often -rising somewhat uncomfortably. - -The loss of a son so high in aspiration and so capable for the -achievement of necessary tasks, must have been a grievous stroke for -his mother to bear--she who had placed her greatest reliance upon him, -rather than upon his brothers. For her compensation for such a loss, -she was allowed a pension of seventeen dollars per month until the year -of her death (which happened March 26, 1891), when the allowance was -increased to fifty dollars. In this case the national government was -certainly very much the reverse of liberal in its recognition of the -services of a noble mother, who had formed the character of a noble son -whose life was joyfully laid upon the altar of his country. - -It is pleasant to be able to state that Sergeant Fuger, who took -command of the battery after the death and disablement of its three -commissioned officers taking part in the battle, was promoted to a -lieutenancy in the regiment. He served in the regular order of grades -until retired (about 1900) on account of age, as colonel, since which -he has lived in the city of Washington. From a letter recently written -by him to Mrs. Bouton, I am permitted to make the following transcript: - - In answer to your letter received yesterday morning, I would - say that the best friend I had was your dear brother, Alonzo H. - Cushing, First Lieutenant 4th Artillery, commanding Battery A, 4th - Artillery, at the battle of Gettysburg. On the morning of July 4, - 1863, I received an order from Gen. Hancock, commanding 2d Corps, - to send your brother's body to West Point for burial. I placed the - body in care of two non-commissioned officers who were slightly - wounded, to take it to West Point. - - The manner of your brother's death was this: When the enemy was - within about four hundred yards, Battery A opened with single - charges of canister. At that time Cushing was wounded in the right - shoulder, and within a few seconds after that he was wounded in the - abdomen; a very severe and painful wound. He called and told me to - stand by him so that I could impart his orders to the battery. He - became very ill and suffered frightfully. I wanted him to go to the - rear. "No," he said, "I stay right here and fight it out, or die - in the attempt." - - When the enemy got within two hundred yards, double and triple - charges of canister were used. Those charges opened immense gaps - in the Confederate lines. Lieut. Milne, who commanded the right - half-battery, was killed when the enemy was within two hundred - yards of the battery. When the enemy came within about one hundred - yards, Lieutenant Cushing was shot through the mouth and instantly - killed. When I saw him fall forward, I caught him in my arms, - ordered two men to take his body to the rear, and shouted to my - men, as I was left in command, to fire triple charges of canister. - - Owing to dense smoke, I could not see very far to the front, but to - my utter astonishment I saw the Confederate General Armistead leap - over the stone fence with quite a number of his men, landing right - in the midst of our battery, but my devoted cannoneers and drivers - stood their ground, fighting hand to hand with pistols, sabers, - handspikes and rammers, and with the assistance of the Philadelphia - brigade, the enemy collapsed and Pickett's charge was defeated. The - gall and behavior of the men in Battery A was entirely due to your - brother's training and example set on numerous battlefields. - - Lieutenant Cushing, my commander, was a most able soldier, of - excellent judgment and great decision of character. Devoted to his - profession, he was most faithful in the discharge of every duty, - accurate and thorough in its performance. Possessed of mental and - physical vigor, joined to the kindest of hearts, he commanded - the love and respect of all who knew him. His superiors placed - implicit confidence in him, as well they might. His fearlessness - and resolution displayed in many actions were unsurpassed, and his - noble death at Gettysburg should present an example for emulation - to patriotic defenders of the country through all time to come. - - General Armistead fell, mortally wounded, where I stood, about - seven yards from where Lieutenant Cushing, his young and gallant - adversary, was killed. In height your brother was five feet nine - inches, in weight about one hundred and fifty pounds, good long - limbs, broad shoulders, blue eyes, dark brown hair, smooth face, - without beard or mustache, and rather swarthy complexion. - -From other communications of the colonel, addressed to myself, I learn -that Lieutenant Cushing personally saved the battery from capture at -the battle of Antietam; that its loss at Gettysburg was two officers -killed and one wounded, seven enlisted men killed and thirty-eight -wounded, and eighty-three horses killed out of ninety taken into the -action. Not an uninjured wheel remained, and nine ammunition chests -were blown up. Ninety enlisted men belonging to the battery were on -duty at the beginning of the fight. - -Corporal Thomas Moon has also written his recollections of the day, -and although his memory seems somewhat at fault in relation to certain -matters, his description is worth reading. He says: - - Cushing was a small-sized man with blue eyes, smooth face and - auburn hair, and looked more like a school girl than a warrior; but - he was the best fighting man I ever saw. Our battery arrived on the - field July 2 and took position on the left of the 2d corps. I was - sent to the rear with the 4th caisson. We went back over the hill - close to General Meade's headquarters. When the heavy cannonading - commenced on the 3d we went further to the rear. About the time - that Pickett was ordered to charge, I was ordered to the battery. - I was informed by the courier that I would find the battery on - the right of the 2d corps, at the grove and angle. My horse made - a good run for about a mile. I found my piece, the 4th, still on - her wheels, and all the canister we had piled up around her. I had - been on the ground but a few minutes before I found the gun hot and - firing slow. A very few minutes passed until the smoke raised, and - we saw the head of Pickett's column within three hundred yards of - us. We had the opportunity of our lives; just what an artilleryman - wants. We had a flank fire on them and enough canister to stop - them, but before they got to the stone wall in front we were out - of ammunition and my gun was dismounted. Lieutenant Cushing was on - the right. We both got to the piece in front about the same time. I - found the piece out of canister, started back to the limber, looked - back and saw General Armistead with his hat on his sword yelling - to his men, and Cushing being held up by some infantry officer. - If I had stayed at the gun as long as Cushing did, I would have - been there yet. Our guns were all disabled, limbers and caissons - blown up, men and horses killed and wounded, and the battery under - command of a First Sergeant (afterwards lieutenant) Frederick - Fuger, a 10-year man, and as fine a soldier and officer as ever - faced an enemy. I was on duty that night--had three men under me. - All we had to guard was a few dead men. We took Lieutenant Cushing - and three or four men off the field. It rained all night. - -[Illustration: HOWARD B. CUSHING] - - - Now, as to Cushing's wounds. One piece of shell struck him in the - thighs; another piece struck him in the shoulder; but he stuck to - the guns until a ball struck him right under the nose. He fell on - one side of the piece and General Armistead on the other. His right - thumb was burned to the bone, serving vent without a thumb-pad. We - were all tired, powder-burned and bruised; so we laid the dead men - together and lay atop of them all night. The next morning we took - Cushing's fatigue blouse off, and his cook got that after I took - off the shoulder-straps. I carried them till the next winter, and - gave them to his brother (Howard) at Brandy Station. - - - - -_Later Naval Service of William Cushing_ - - -Up to the day of Alonzo Cushing's death, the reputation of his -younger brother William kept pretty even pace with his own. William's -judgment in moments of imminent peril seemed to be unerring, so that -a venture with him appeared to his companions to have but one chance -of failure--the death of the adventurer himself. But this had been -challenged with so many styles of defiance, as to cause the more -superstitious among the sailors to believe him invulnerable. They were -always ready and anxious to accompany him on those of his expeditions -that appeared the most desperate. The unlimited devotion of his men -and under-officers is one of the most valuable assets of a military -or naval officer. This, with his other qualities, procured for him a -commission as lieutenant on July 16, 1862, nearly four months before he -attained the age of twenty years. - -William was thereupon given the position of second officer on the -gunboat "Perry," on the North Carolina coast, at an age when a -midshipman or master's mate, or even a lieutenant, is usually content -to play a very subordinate part in warfare. - -Soon after this (September following), his superior officer, -Lieutenant-Commander Flusser, was ordered up the Blackwater River -with his own and two other boats to co-operate with a land force in -preventing the escape of about seven thousand Confederates stationed at -Franklin, with Norfolk as their ultimate object. The naval contingent -was at the rendezvous at the agreed time; that from the army failed to -make connection. It was an unpleasant predicament for the boats, but -they fought their way back, down the narrow channel of the river, the -banks of which for many miles were lined with infantry and artillery. - -At one point, when the decks were being swept by the enemy's bullets, -and a boarding party was making a dash for the "Perry," Cushing called -a half dozen of his men to help him get a howitzer into position, to -meet the boarders with canister. When his volunteers were all killed or -disabled, he took the gun alone and trained it upon the assailants with -such effect that they ran away. In Flusser's report of the affair he -took occasion to say: - - I desire to mention as worthy of praise for great gallantry, - Lieutenant W. B. Cushing, who ran the field-piece out amid a storm - of bullets, took a sure and deliberate aim at the rebels and sent a - charge of canister among them that completely silenced their fire - at that point. - -On October 26, 1862, Admiral S. P. Lee reports: - - Lieutenant W. B. Cushing has been put in command of the gunboat - Ellis, and is increasing his reputation by active operations. - -On October 18, William had written to his cousin: - - I am alone, inside the outer bar. The nearest friendly vessel or - citizen is forty miles away. Three miles off, up the inlet, is the - rebel town of Swansboro. I am going to run up and take possession - in a few days, when I have burned up enough coal to lighten my - vessel so I can cross the other bar. * * * You see I have a sort of - roving commission and can run around to suit myself. * * * If under - these circumstances I can not stir the rebels up in more places - than one, it will be strange indeed. - -He ran up to Swansboro in due time and burned the "Adelaide" with a -$100,000 cargo, besides destroying salt works. On November 23, he -worked his vessel to Jacksonville, a depot for blockade runners, and -on the way caused a ship loaded with turpentine to be burned. At the -town he captured a lot of guns and other public property, and started -back. About 5 o'clock p. m. he found and shelled a camp of Confederate -troops on the river bank, and came to anchor at nightfall, staying all -night with his prizes, two large schooners. - -The next morning Cushing moved on. Reaching a difficult passage in the -river, he was attacked by shore artillery, but replied so vigorously -that the gunners on shore were driven away, and he passed along. -Shortly after, however, the "Ellis" ran aground and had to be burned, -but not before her outfit had been mostly removed to one of the -schooners, amid some hours of fighting. Then Cushing and his companions -escaped in a small boat to the schooner which, with its companion, was -taken back to open water. - -He asked for a court of inquiry on account of the loss of his gunboat, -but the admiral said there was no need, and the Navy Department at -Washington approved, saying, "We don't care for the loss of a vessel -when fought so gallantly as that." - -A much thicker volume than this would be required to tell the stories -of the young sailor's various adventures during the ensuing year. -The reader must be content with relations of occasional adventures, -sometimes in Cushing's own language. Our hero was now given command of -the "Commodore Barney," a steamer of five hundred and thirteen tons -with a very powerful battery, and, according to his own statement, -a good crew of over one hundred men and thirteen officers. He -continues, in his letter (written April 5) to his cousin, Mrs. Smith, -at East Troy: "Of course I am as proud as a peacock at being the only -lieutenant in the regular navy who has a [separate] command." - - - - -_William's Letter to His Mother_ - - -On the 15th he writes his mother a letter which is given here nearly -in full, for it indicates better than almost anything else some of -the prominent traits of his character as developed at that time, when -boyish impulses were mixed with striking elements of manliness. He -talks with the intimate frankness of a son who is still in love with -his mother and wishes her to share in his triumph: - - Another fight and another victory! Again I have passed through the - ordeal of fire and blood, and again I thank God for being safe in - life and limb. Suffolk is besieged by the enemy, thirty thousand - strong, and contains an army of fifteen thousand to defend it. - The town is situated on this river (the Nansemond) and its water - communication must remain open or our force will be in a desperate - position. Who do you suppose was selected to perform the dangerous - task of guarding the rear, and preventing the crossing of ten - thousand of the flower of the southern army? Who but your son, - that ex-midshipman, ex-master's mate, hair-brained, scapegrace, - Will Cushing! Yes, it is even so. I am senior officer commanding - in the Nansemond river. I have my vessel and two others now. I had - two more, but they were disabled in action, and have been towed - to Hampton Roads. I am six miles from the city, at a place called - Western Branch, the point most desired by the enemy. I draw too - much water to go up further, but sent my light boats up above. - - Yesterday morning, as they were on their way down, they encountered - a battery at a distance of three hundred yards, and swarms of - riflemen in the bushes on the banks. A sharp action ensued, in - which two of the boats were disabled, and but one left uninjured, - but the captain of her, like a brave fellow as he is, got them - around the point out of range, and we managed to get them as far - as the bar here when one, the Mount Washington, got aground. The - rebels soon appeared in force, bent upon driving us and crossing - the river. They opened with artillery from two positions a - cross-fire, and their seven pieces sent a hail of shot and shell - around us. - - I had but two vessels afloat, but I silenced their fire in an hour. - In a short time they again went into action; this time unmasking - a regularly constructed battery not five hundred yards from us, - and so situated as to rake the narrow channel completely. It was - impossible to get our disabled steamer off from the bar until high - water, five hours ahead, and I determined to fight on the spot as - long as the Barney [his own vessel] was above the water. I sent the - light steamer down to guard another coveted point, and was soon - exchanging death calls with the enemy. - - Well, it was a hard fight and at close quarters most of the time; - so close that their infantry riddled the two vessels with bullets. - Crash! go the bulkheads; a rifle shell was exploded on our deck, - tearing flesh and woodwork. A crash like thunder is our reply--and - our heavy shell makes music in the air, and explodes among our - traitor neighbors with a dull, sullen roar of defiance. Up goes the - battle-flag and at once the air is filled with the smoke of furious - battle, and the ear thrills with the unceasing shriek and whistle - of all the shell and rifled bolts that sinful man has devised to - murder his fellow creatures. Crash! Crash! Splinters are flying in - the air; great pools of blood are on the deck, and the first cry - of wounded men in agony rises on the soft spring air. The dead can - not speak, but there they lie motionless, lifeless and mangled, - who a moment ago smiled on the old flag that floated over them, and - fought for its glory and honor. Sprinkle ashes over the slippery - deck; the work must still go on. The rifled gun--my best--is - disabled, for three shots have struck it; the muzzle is gone, the - elevator is carried away and the carriage is broken. - - Steady, men, steady; fill up the places of the killed and wounded. - Don't throw a shot away. The wheel of the howitzer is torn off - by the shell and the gun rendered useless. Never mind; work the - remaining guns with a will, for we can and must be victorious. And - so the time wore away until the rising river promised to release - the imprisoned steamer, when I signaled to the light steamer to - move up and take her in tow. This duty was gallantly performed, and - the old Barney remained alone under the rebel cannon. * * * - - My vessel is riddled with cannon balls and bullets, and I have lost - three killed and nine wounded--four of them mortally--men who lost - legs and arms. The loss on the other vessels is proportionally - severe. I am no braggart, but I challenge the world to furnish a - more determined fight, or a victory more richly earned. The enemy - shall not cross here. I will not give way an inch. Even now the - thickets on the banks are alive with their sharpshooters, and - as I write, the quick whirr of the rifle bullet is often heard, - sent from the bank five hundred yards ahead in the vain hope of - injuring the hated Yankee. A good providence seems to watch over - my fortunes, tho' I do not deserve its protection. I may go - into action again at any moment, probably tomorrow. I have every - confidence in my gallant crew and officers and do not doubt the - result if my life is spared. Love to all. - - In haste, Your affectionate son, - - WILL. - - - - - -_After Gettysburg_ - - -When General Lee crossed the Potomac on his way to Gettysburg, William -was called to Washington to be ready for action in defense of the -capital, should it need defense. Hearing of his brother's death on -the night of its occurrence, he obtained permission and left for the -battlefield, intending to ask the privilege of handling Alonzo's -guns, which undoubtedly he was perfectly capable of doing. Those guns -were out of the business, however, and he had to satisfy himself with -looking through the field, of which he said long afterwards, "My mind -fails to bring up any picture that is so grand, or solemn, or so -mournful as that great theater of death." - -A month afterwards, William was in command of the "Shoboken," a former -ferry boat made over into a vessel well-adapted to the shallow waters -of the Carolina coasts. With her he destroyed the blockade runner -"Hebe," after a fight with a land battery. - -A few nights later he took a crew of six men in a dingey, to a -point on the beach four miles from the mouth of the inlet which was -separated from the waters outside by a long and very narrow stretch -of sandbank. Here he and his men carried the boat across the neck of -land, and proceeded with it up the inlet to the anchorage of another -blockade runner, where he took ten prisoners, burned the vessel and -some valuable salt works, threw the shore armament into the water, and -returned by the same route, regaining the "Shoboken" without loss of -any kind. - -The next day, William rejoined the squadron outside, which was engaged -with a shore battery. Landing with twenty men, he captured the battery -and took two rifled cannon back with him to the squadron. - - - - -_The Destruction of the "Albemarle"_ - - -As it is impossible to crowd into this sketch any considerable -proportion of the adventures of Lieutenant Cushing, it seems best in -illustration of the extraordinary quality of his bravery, to proceed -at once to the narrative of his famous exploit in the destruction of -the Confederate ironclad "Albemarle," which earned for him further -promotion, the engrossed thanks of Congress, and congratulatory -addresses from civic bodies in every part of the North. - -This ironclad was built on the lines of the old "Merrimac," and like -the latter had met the fire of our biggest guns without injury. In -April, 1864, she had attacked and recaptured the town of Plymouth, -situated near the head of Albemarle Sound, eight miles above the place -where the Sound receives the waters of Roanoke River. She had beaten -off our fleet at that place, sunk its principal boat, the "Southfield," -and killed the commander, Flusser, of whom we have spoken in connection -with an earlier conflict. In May, the "Albemarle" steamed out into the -Sound and simultaneously engaged seven of our vessels, destroying the -"Sassacuse," which had unsuccessfully tried to overwhelm her by ramming -beneath the water-line. The Union ironclads were not light enough to -cross the bar in front of the entrance to the Sound, and the officers -of our fleet were much puzzled as to how to be rid of the annoyance. - -Cushing finally submitted two plans to Admiral Lee, either of which -had, he thought, a fair chance of success. One was for him to take a -hundred men, with India-rubber boats ready for inflation, lead them -through the dense thickets of the swamps adjoining Plymouth, and after -inflating the boats turn the sailors into a boarding party that should -overpower the "Albemarle's" crew. The other was the one adopted, -although with many misgivings on the part of the admiral and of the -assistant secretary of the navy, Mr. Fox. It looked like a modern -repetition of the dramatic episode of David and Goliath, and they -permitted themselves to hope that this youth of twenty-one might have -as good fortune as his Biblical predecessor. In brief, it was arranged -that William should proceed to New York and select two very small, -low-pressure steamers, each carrying a howitzer and a torpedo. These he -was secretly to convey along the coast to the Sound and there attack -the big ironclad by night, in such manner as might appear best when the -time was ripe for action. - -The boats were secured. Each was about thirty feet long and carried -a 12-pound howitzer, with a torpedo fastened to the end of a boom -at the bow, the boom being fourteen feet long and supplied with a -"goose-neck" hinge where it rested on the bow. One of the boats was -lost before reaching Norfolk; but with the other Cushing went through -the Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal to the Sound. - -Starting at midnight, he found the Union fleet fifty miles up the -Sound, expecting a visit from the enemy's ironclad. Here he explained -the daring plan to his officers and men, and told them they were at -liberty to go with him or not, as they might choose. All wished to go, -and a few from other vessels also volunteered. On the night of October -27, the party steamed up the river. - -What happened thereafter, is told so tersely by Cushing himself, in -his formal report to Admiral Porter, that it seems fair to use his own -words. Under date of October 30, he writes: - - Sir: I have the honor to report that the rebel ironclad Albemarle - is at the bottom of the Roanoke river. - - On the night of the 27th, having prepared my steam launch, I - proceeded up towards Plymouth with thirteen officers and men, - partly volunteers from the squadron. The distance from the mouth of - the river to the ram is about eight miles, the stream averaging in - width some two hundred yards, and lined with the enemy's pickets. - - A mile below the town was the wreck of the Southfield, surrounded - by some schooners, and it was understood that a gun was mounted - there to command the bend. I therefore took one of the Shamrock's - cutters in tow, with orders to cast off and board at that point if - we were hailed. - - Our boat succeeded in passing the pickets, and even the Southfield - within twenty yards without discovery, and we were not hailed until - by the lookouts on the ram. The cutter was cast off and ordered - below, however, while we made for our enemy under a full head of - steam. - - The rebels sprang their rattles, rang the bell and commenced - firing, at the same time repeating their hail and seeming much - confused. The light of a fire ashore showed me the ironclad, made - fast to the wharf, with a pen of logs around her, about 30 feet - from her side. Passing her closely, we made a complete circle so as - to strike her fairly, and went into her, bows on. - - By this time the enemy's fire was very severe, but a dose of - canister at short range served to moderate their zeal and disturb - their aim. Paymaster Swan of the Otsego was wounded near me, but - how many more I know not. Three bullets struck my clothing and - the air seemed full of them. In a moment we had struck the logs, - just abreast the quarter port, breasting them in some feet, and - our bows resting on them. The torpedo boom was then lowered, and - by a vigorous pull I succeeded in driving the torpedo under the - overhang, and exploded it at the same time that the Albemarle's - gun was fired. A shot seemed to go crashing through my boat, and a - dense mass of water rushed in from the torpedo, filling the launch - and completely disabling her. The enemy then continued his fire - at fifteen feet range, and demanded our surrender which I twice - refused, ordering the men to save themselves, and removing my own - coat and shoes. Springing into the river, I swam with others into - the middle of the stream, the rebels failing to hit us. The most of - our party were captured, some drowned, and only one escaped besides - myself, and he in a different direction. - - Acting Master's Mate Woodman, of the Commodore Hull, I met in the - water half a mile below the town and assisted him as best I could, - but failed to get him ashore. Completely exhausted, I managed to - reach the shore, but was too weak to crawl out of the water until - just at daylight, when I managed to creep into the swamp, close - to the fort. While hiding a few feet from the path two of the - Albemarle's officers passed, and I judged from their conversation - that the ship was destroyed. - - Some hours traveling in the swamp served to bring me out well below - the town, when I sent a negro in to gain information, and found - the ram was truly sunk. Proceeding through another swamp, I came to - a creek and captured a skiff belonging to a picket of the enemy, - and with this by 11 o'clock the next night made my way out to the - Valley City. Acting Master's Mate William Howarth of the Monticello - showed as usual conspicuous bravery. He is the same officer who - has been with me twice in Wilmington harbor. I trust he may be - promoted when exchanged, as well as Acting Third Assistant Engineer - Stotesbury, who, being for the first time under fire, handled his - engine promptly and with coolness. All the officers and men behaved - in the most gallant manner. I will furnish their names to the - Department as soon as they can be procured. - - The cutter of the Shamrock boarded the Southfield, but found no - gun. Four prisoners were taken there. The ram is now completely - submerged, and the enemy has sunk three schooners in the river to - obstruct the passage of our ships. I desire to call the attention - of the admiral and the Department to the spirit manifested by the - sailors on the ships in these sounds. But few men were wanted, but - all hands were eager to go into the action, many offering their - chosen shipmates a month's pay to resign in their favor. - - I am, sir, very respectfully your obedient servant, - - W. B. CUSHING, - - _Lieutenant United States Navy_. - -So much by way of requisite and necessary formality from an inferior -officer who does something, to a superior who has the right to know all -about what the other has been doing. Still, the young man who has not -yet attained the maturity of twenty-two years discloses the ability -on his part to say clearly and concisely what conveys his meaning, -although not always in strict conformity with rhetorical rules. Of -course he does not present himself as a candidate for honors in a -class in rhetoric; but he does possess the essential of success in -that direction also, if he cares for it. The language that is for use, -rather than for ornament, is the language of lasting character. - -But from motives of modesty and discipline combined, the lieutenant -did not tell his superiors in office all the items of fact that other -people would like to know. Matters of interest omitted in the formal -report, are noted in many cases in Cushing's private journal, and that -document was handed over to Mrs. Harriet Prescott Spofford for use in -an extended magazine article.[7] From that and other sources I will -add somewhat to the story told officially to the admiral. - -[7] _Harper's Monthly_, June, 1874. - -Cushing had a way of rapidly and judiciously thinking for himself. On -approaching near enough to the "Albemarle" to make out her presence, -he concluded to board her and take her down the river to the Union -lines, trusting to the confusion of a night surprise to help the daring -scheme to a successful issue. His view was correct; but just as he was -about to put it into execution a challenge rang out from the ironclad, -followed by the rattle of musketry from the guards who stood at their -stations. Luckily for the assailants, the flame of a bonfire of pine -knots and other light-wood flared upward, and Cushing saw what without -it he would have been unable to see--a surrounding semicircular boom of -logs, fastened end-to-end by iron links and hooks, making futile any -attempt at boarding. - -He was standing on the deck, in full view of the enemy, who were doing -their best to kill him; but the whistling bullets could not disturb the -quickness and accuracy of his judgment. In front of him lay two signal -lines, one of which was attached to the engineer's ankle, and one to -the arm of the officer in charge of the torpedo beam--besides other -lines, one of which was arranged to push the torpedo under the vessel -to be attacked, while still another was to explode the torpedo at the -supreme moment. A mistake in relation to either of these would have -been fatal to the undertaking. - -But Cushing made no mistake. On being signaled, the engineer below -backed the boat out into the stream, and then headed straight on to -the middle of the line of logs, carrying the bow of the launch partly -over, so that the torpedo when let down would be within reach of the -ironclad. The officer in charge of the sweep was then signaled, and -lowered the torpedo boom, which Cushing caused to be crowded under the -"Albemarle's" side. Then he pulled a cord that released a suspended -iron ball, which in its turn fell upon a percussion cap, thus exploding -the infernal machine and blowing a hole through the side of the ram. To -me, this perfection of action in the midst of death-dealing missiles, -seems almost beyond the scope of mere human endeavor. - -Plenty of men in both armies could, without flinching, march up -to the mouths of cannon and into a storm of bullets; but under -such circumstances as surrounded young Cushing when destroying the -"Albemarle," such an exhibition of coolness absolutely imperturbable -was neither seen nor imagined by me, in what I saw of the War. I doubt -much if there ever was a parallel instance. Possibly the exploits of -the elder brother, Alonzo, at Gettysburg, were as remarkable; but if -so, they lacked a minute chronicler. With the latter, no complicated -calculations nor deliberate weighing of comparative probabilities were -apparently necessary to be employed, in order to accomplish what he -wanted to do. Although among the bravest of the brave, it is not shown -that Alonzo was in every respect as unquestionably the complete master -in battle, of the lesser, equally with the greatest, of his mental -faculties as was the case with his younger brother. William was as -alert, resourceful, indefatigable as he might have been at a game of -whist, or in the solution of a mathematical problem in the quietude of -his chamber. - -But escape from the Southern soldiery at Plymouth was purchased at -the price of misery--and, ten years later, of a lamentable death. In a -published paper by him, he refers to his experience in the river, after -the explosion of the torpedo:[8] - -[8] _Battles and Leaders of the Civil War_ (N. Y., Century Co., -1884-88), vol. 4, p. 638. - - I directed my course towards the town side of the river, not making - much headway, as my strokes were now very feeble, my clothes - being soaked and heavy, and little chop-seas splashing with a - chocking persistence into my mouth every time that I gasped for - breath. Still there was a determination not to sink, a will not - to give up; and I kept up a sort of mechanical motion long after - my bodily force was in fact expended. At last, and not a moment - too soon, I touched the soft mud, and in the excitement of the - first shock I half raised my body and made one step forward; then - fell, and remained half in the mud and half in the water until - daylight, unable even to crawl on hands and knees, nearly frozen, - with brain in a whirl, but with one thing strong in me--the fixed - determination to escape. The prospect of drowning, starvation, - death in the swamps--all seemed less evils than that of surrender. - -At twenty-two, one does not think of remote consequences, but human -constitutions are not so made up as to remain uninjured by such violent -usage. The commander of the "Albemarle," Captain A. F. Warley, -contributed the following note to Cushing's paper, which should not be -omitted here, in the interest of fairness:[9] - -[9] _Ibid_, p. 642. - - The crew of the Albemarle numbered but sixty, too small a force to - allow me to keep an armed watch on deck at night and to do outside - picketing besides. Moreover, to break the monotony of the life and - keep down ague, I had always out an exhibition of ten men, who were - uniformly successful in doing a fair amount of damage to the enemy. - It was about 3 a. m. The night was dark and slightly rainy, and the - launch was close to us when we hailed and the alarm was given--so - close that the gun could not be depressed enough to reach her; so - the crew were sent in the shield with muskets, and kept up a heavy - fire on the launch as she slowly forced her way over the chain of - logs and ranged by us within a few feet. As she reached the bow - of the Albemarle I heard a report as of an unshotted gun, and a - piece of wood fell at my feet. Calling the carpenter, I told him a - torpedo had been exploded, and ordered him to examine and report to - me, saying nothing to any one else. He soon reported "a hole in her - bottom big enough to drive a wagon in." By this time I heard voices - from the launch: "We surrender," etc., etc. I stopped our fire - and sent out Mr. Long, who brought back all those who had been in - the launch, except the gallant captain and three of her crew, all - of whom took to the water. Having seen to their safety, I turned - my attention to the Albemarle, and found her resting on bottom in - eight feet of water, her upper works above water. That is the way - the Albemarle was destroyed, and a more gallant thing was not done - during the war. - -A special message came from President Lincoln, recommending a vote -of thanks by Congress, so that the young hero might be advanced to -the grade of lieutenant-commander. This was immediately followed by -the vote requested, and by his promotion to that rank, under the law -providing "That any line officer of the Navy or Marine Corps may be -advanced one grade, if upon recommendation of the President by name he -receives the thanks of Congress for highly distinguished conduct in -conflict with the enemy, or for extraordinary heroism in the lines of -his profession." The importance, as well as the "highly distinguished" -character, of the exploit with the "Albemarle" may be understood when -it is learned that not only were the Carolina Sounds thereafter free to -all such of our vessels as were of sufficiently light draft, but the -town of Plymouth fell a few days later also, without a struggle. Even -Cushing's coat, which he had cast off when he leaped from the launch -into the river, was returned to him. The back of it was shot away, and -there were other bullet holes through it; but a gold chain remained -safely sewed under the collar, where he had caused it to be placed in -honor of the girl to whom it belonged. - - - - -_At Fort Fisher and Afterwards_ - - -After this promotion, Cushing took command of the admiral's flagship, -the "Malvern," and in December was engaged in the operations at Fort -Fisher, where in various attempts to capture that stronghold, so many -failures had been recorded against both our army and navy. In an open -skiff there, he performed a service as perilous as before, although -less spectacular. This was the buoying the channel for the fleet, which -task occupied him for about six hours under a shower of shot and shell -from the fort. - -On January 12, 1865, the bombardment was resumed from sixty vessels, -and after three days of that exercise an assault was ordered, in which -Lieutenant-Commander Cushing was permitted to take part. It proved -to be one of the bloodiest little affrays of the war. Two of his -classmates at Annapolis, Lieutenants B. H. Porter and S. W. Preston, -were killed by his side; which caused him, he said, the bitterest -tears he had ever shed. No other officer being near him, he rallied a -few hundred men and was about to resume the assault, when he received -orders to join the land forces under General Ames. He then had the -satisfaction of witnessing the surrender of the fort before midnight. - -After the works had been taken, Cushing proceeded to round up all -the pilots in the vicinity, and by threatening to hang them procured -all necessary information about the signals used for the guidance -of the blockade runners who were in the habit of coming in at that -point. Within four or five days, one of that class, the "Charlotte," -commanded by a British ex-naval officer, steamed up to her anchorage, -bringing two English army officers as well as a valuable cargo of arms -and ammunition. Gratified at their successful trip, the officers were -enjoying a banquet in honor of the event. Cushing, who liked surprises, -stepped into the cabin and informed them that they were prisoners, -but that he would join them in a glass of the champagne with which the -table was loaded. The Englishmen made the best of the predicament, but -the feast was interrupted by the announcement that another steamer, the -"Stag," was coming up the river, whereupon their young captor excused -himself to attend to the fresh arrival. - -The war was now practically over, and during the few additional months -of its continuance no further adventures appear to Cushing's credit. In -1867 he was given command of the "Maumee," and attached to the Pacific -squadron, where life was no longer strenuous. On January 31, 1872, he -was made full commander, and in July, 1873, placed in charge of the -"Wyoming." In November of the same year he heard of the execution of -several of the crew of the insurgent vessel, "Virginius," at Santiago -de Cuba. Steaming for that port without orders, he stopped the -executions, pending instructions from Spain by which they were entirely -discontinued. - -The following year, and the day before Cushing's untimely death (at -Washington, December 17, 1874), the "Virginius" was handed over to the -United States authorities. For three days, without medical attendance, -the young commander had suffered indescribable tortures from sciatic -inflammation. The servants in the house at last recognized the serious -character of his ailment, and called a physician. Soon the inflammation -reached the patient's brain, and he was removed to the government -hospital for the insane, where, universally lamented, he expired some -days later. - -Of this young hero's personal appearance we have his own statement. In -an early letter to his cousin he says that he was "tall and slim." In -one of his published letters the poet Longfellow described his face -as of a beauty resembling Schiller's. Since all of the foregoing was -written, however, I have received from the widow of Commander Cushing -(still living with their two daughters at Fredonia, New York), a letter -containing a description of him so admirably lifelike that I am glad -to reproduce it in full. For reasons appearing elsewhere, however, it -would seem that her recollection of what she heard forty years ago -as to Alonzo's stature is not so perfect as her remembrance of her -husband. She writes under date of January 1, 1910: - - _Mr. Theron W. Haight_, - - MY DEAR SIR: Your letters of kind inquiry regarding Commander - Cushing's personal appearance, height, etc., have unavoidably - remained too long unanswered. I trust you will pardon the delay, - and that the information I send will be satisfactory and not too - late for your use. - - I met Mr. Cushing for the first time in the late spring of 1867--a - few months before I acted as bridesmaid at his sister's wedding. - - Mr. Cushing was tall, slender and very erect. His movements easy - and graceful, at the same time indicating force and strength. His - head was well poised, his look clear, direct, and steady. His - features were regular and clear cut, with a fascinating expression - about the mouth when he smiled which attracted one's attention to - that feature. His hair was of a medium brown, soft, fine, dark, - and straight, without a suggestion of curl. His rather delicate - mustache was of a lighter brown, suggestive of golden lights, never - of reddish tints. - - His animation and enthusiasm in conversation lent a glow to his - light, blue-gray eyes that made them seem dark. His brilliant mind - was expressed in choice and facile diction--he was a fluent and - charming writer. All his impulses were fine, noble. He was generous - to a fault, tender and affectionate, and exemplified the sentiment, - - The bravest are the tenderest; - The loving are the daring. - - What he achieved and lived through in the Civil War, the perilous - tasks he assumed and accomplished for his country in her time of - greatest danger, form a background from which his figure stands - out in vivid relief. It beams with his indomitable courage and is - gilded with his heroic character. - - I have often heard Mr. Cushing speak of his brother Alonzo, who was - two years his senior and two inches taller. My husband was exactly - six feet without shoes. They were as intimate and devoted as girls, - and quite the opposite in manner and speech, I should say. - - Alonzo and Howard I never saw, but the picture of the former stands - out in my mind as a tall, gentle, dark-haired, reticent man (he was - only 22 when he died), as against the younger, more lively and more - impressionable brother. - - When I became acquainted with Mr. Cushing, he seemed to have - become the head of the family. I mean that he assumed and bore - the responsibility of the family. He had been more fortunate in - financial matters and was therefore in a position to help all - the others, which he did on occasions with the most open-handed - liberality. - -[Illustration: WILLIAM BARKER CUSHING - -From oil portrait (1865) by A. Bradish. - -See Mrs. Cushing's letter, p. 87.] - - Alonzo died at Gettysburg in '63, long before I knew the family. - Howard was killed by the Apaches after I was married. I well - remember what a shock it was to my husband, and how he grieved - for him, and tried to comfort his mother, obtaining all possible - details of his brilliant service and lamentable death in Arizona - through correspondence with the commanding general and officers, - and with the War Department at Washington. - - * * * * * - - I wish to thank you most cordially for the fine photogravure you - sent. It arrived in excellent condition. It is an admirable copy of - the Bradish portrait, which we have, but the portrait itself does - not seem correctly proportioned on the side turned away, being a - trifle too broad under the eye, and so represents the face as too - pointed. The photo shows it more clearly than the painting. My - criticism of the portrait, however, does not affect your fine copy - or the kindness that prompted you to send it. I thank you sincerely - for it. - - I wish also to thank you for the work you are doing, and trust your - history of the _Three Wisconsin Cushings_ will be admirable in - every way, and fully meet your own expectations, as well as receive - the merited reward of the approbation of the State Historical - Society and of the public. - - Respectfully yours, - KATE L. CUSHING. - - FOREST PLACE, FREDONIA, N. Y. - - - - - -_Howard Cushing With the Artillery_ - - -Of Howard Cushing, the attainable memorials are very meagre. Indeed, -whatever may have been the achievements of a private soldier in a -volunteer regiment in war time, they are not commonly mentioned in -official reports. In the case of Howard it is only apparent on the face -of the records of the Illinois regiment with which he served, that -his conduct there was at least sufficiently creditable to warrant his -promotion (November 30, 1863) to a second lieutenancy in the regular -artillery. - -His claim to distinction was not made conspicuously emphatic during his -artillery service. However, it is probable that this was due rather to -circumstances than to any failure on his part to do what might be done -by a soldier of very high class under the conditions which he found -after entering the regular service. At his own request he was assigned -to Battery A of the Fourth, in which his brother Alonzo lost his life. -But he had not the _éclat_ with which his brother was signalized on his -graduation from West Point; moreover, the fact that Sergeant Fuger, now -an officer in the same organization, had also served as an enlisted -man, did not tend to keep it at the same level, in the esteem of other -regular officers, as would have been the case had one of the two, at -least, arrived at his position by way of the Academy. It may be that -the exclusiveness here noted tends to the general advantage of the -army, but not unlikely it is somewhat depressing to appointees from the -ranks. - -[Illustration: - - allow me to see home again for a few days, it will be a very happy - time for me. _Our_ campaign is ended and we are in Summer quarters, - there is nothing down here for us to fight. Blair, our division - commander, has gone up the river, and I don't know as he will - command the division any more or not. Please to write to me at - once, and tell me how things are working. I shall be very anxious. - And, my dear brother, if I get the position it shall be my endeavor - so to fill it, as to satisfy the government and my friends, and now - with the hope of hearing from you soon, and with my best love to - Will. - - I remain - - Your affec. Brother - - Howard Cushing - - -Facsimile of part of letter from Howard B. Cushing to his brother -Milton; dated August 6, 1863] - -At all events, what happened to Battery A after Howard's assignment -to duty with it was, that it was kept in camp near Brandy Station, -Virginia, until the following March. Then it was attached to the -second division of the cavalry corps of the Army of the Potomac, and -took part in Sheridan's battles at Mine Run, Virginia (May 3, 1864), -at Todd's Tavern (May 4), at Meadow Bridge (May 6), at Yellow Tavern, -where General "Jeb" Stuart was killed in front of Howard's section (May -11), at Strawberry Hill (May 13), and at Hawes's Shop the same day. In -these battles Howard commanded a section of two three-inch guns. The -losses of the battery in those fights were so considerable that it -was, in the latter part of May, sent back to Washington to recuperate, -remaining there until after the conclusion of the war, with the -exception hereinafter mentioned. - -After its transfer to the capital, the last experience of the battery -in hostilities came very near proving serious. Early's raid into -Maryland occurred shortly after the first of July. On the ninth he -fought a battle with a Union force on the Monocacy, in which he was -victorious, and headed for Washington, then defended by only about -5,000 soldiers. Battery A was then at Fort Totten, near Bladensburg, -where the ranking officer was a captain of one hundred-day troops from -Ohio, and of course in command. He seems, nevertheless, to have had -good discretion, and before making any movement in the way of defense -requested the advice of the seasoned officers under him. Late on the -tenth, soldiers of the Veteran Reserve Corps from the city, accompanied -by clerks from the departments and convalescents from the hospitals, -swarmed out to the outer line of earthworks and manned the rifle-pits -stretching along between the forts. - -The next day, Confederate cavalry came into sight and the smoke of -burning houses behind them told the sort of work they were doing. -In the afternoon, Confederate infantry appeared, but stopped after -forming in line of battle. On the twelfth they began moving before -sunrise, and were met by shells from the forts--among others, three -100-pound Parrott guns, handled by the men of Battery A, being brought -into action. There was also infantry fighting, but not of a serious -character. Towards night the Sixth Corps of the Union army, which -had been brought up the river on transports, began to arrive at the -earthworks, and no further danger was feared. Advancing in line of -battle it was found that the Confederates were now in retreat; but -if they had not been so cautious the day before, it is probable -that Early's 18,000 tried soldiers would have made their way into -Washington, and inflicted the most humiliating disaster of the war. - -Late in the fall, the senior lieutenant of the battery being absent -on leave, Lieutenant Cushing was ordered to take the men and guns to -Elmira, New York, to assist in guarding the prison pen at that place. -There, about 12,000 Confederates were confined, in charge of a regiment -of short-term men, undisciplined and unaware of the responsibilities -of their position. The prisoners were in consequence unruly and often -uproarious. - -The day after his arrival, Cushing went with his second in command, -Lieutenant Frank Wilkeson, to inspect the outer lines of the camp, and -was assailed with jeers and howls of contempt by the prisoners. Quick -action was needed. Cushing gave the Confederates the following talk, -reported[10] to have been delivered in a low, clear voice, in terms far -from polite, but nevertheless effective, for no further trouble was -experienced: - -[10] Frank Wilkeson, _Recollections of a Private Soldier in the Army of -the Potomac_ (N. Y., 1887), pp. 223, 224. - - See here ----, ----, ----! I am just up from the front, where I - have been killing such infernal wretches as you are. I have met - you in twenty battles. I never lost a gun to you. You never drove - a battery I served with from its position. You are a crowd of - insolent, cowardly scoundrels, and if I had command of this prison - I would discipline you, or kill you, and I should much prefer to - kill you. I have brought a battery of United States artillery to - this pen, and if you give me occasion I will be glad to dam that - river [pointing to the Chemung] with your worthless carcasses, and - silence your insolent tongues forever. I fully understand that you - are presuming on your position as prisoners of war when you talk - to me as you have; but [and here his hand shook warningly in the - faces of the group], you have reached the end of your rope with me. - I will kill the first man of you who again speaks insultingly to me - while I am in this pen, and I shall be here daily. Now, go to your - quarters! - -The release of all prisoners of war, in 1865, made unnecessary the -further presence of cannon at Elmira. Cushing thereupon returned to -Washington. His entire organization was dismounted, and early in 1866 -assigned to duty as heavy artillery at Fort Meyer, across the river -from Georgetown, D. C. It may well be imagined that the new service, -consisting principally of drilling recruits, would not be much to the -taste of the dashing young lieutenant who was now in his twenty-eighth -year, full of life and vigor, a lover of literature and art, but above -all imbued with the desire to write his name by the side of those -of his brothers, whose services to their country were worthy of a -permanent place on the tablets of the Nation's memory. - - - - -_Transferred to the Cavalry_ - - -It was not until he had completed his twenty-ninth year that Howard -obtained a transfer to the cavalry, which was then engaged in subduing -Indians, the only warlike enterprise then in operation. On September -7, 1867, he became second-lieutenant of troop F of the Third cavalry, -probably with reasonable certainty of early promotion, for about three -months later he received a commission as first lieutenant. - -[Illustration: ALONZO HERSFORD CUSHING] - -From the border annals, it would appear that thenceforward he was -practically commander of his troop. So closely identified was he with -it, that what the troop did was credited to Cushing, and what Cushing -did was the pride and the boast of the troop. In captivating the hearts -of his followers, Howard displayed a power and quality of bravery much -resembling that of his brothers. Captain Bourke, who served with him -as junior lieutenant, in the same troop, frankly stated in private -conversation that Howard Cushing was the bravest man he ever saw; -and repeated for emphasis, "I mean just that--the bravest man I ever -saw." In Bourke's volume,[11] he writes to like effect, although not -in the identical language above quoted. One among his many allusions -to Cushing is given in the "Appreciations" preceding the present -narrative; but there are others, expressed with nearly as strong -emphasis--for instance, a list of the able and gallant officers who had -helped clear Arizona of Apaches is recited, with the conclusion: "They -were all good men and true, but if there were any choice among them I -am sure that the verdict, if left to those soldiers themselves, would -be in favor of Cushing." In a burst of indignation, after speaking of -the lieutenant's "determination, coolness and energy, which had made -his name famous all over the southwestern border," Bourke adds: "There -is an alley named after him in Tucson, and there is, or was when last I -saw it, a tumble-down, worm-eaten board to mark his grave, and that was -all to show where the great American nation had deposited the remains -of one of its bravest." - -[11] John G. Bourke, _On the Border with Crook_ (N. Y., 1891). - -Cushing's first cavalry service of distinction was in western Texas, -from which he drove the savages in 1869. The next spring, after a -cruel massacre by the Indians of a party of thirty white men and women -on their way to work at a private ranch, he was selected to head an -expedition for the punishment of the murderers. Patiently searching for -every indication of the trails of the Indians, he found their camp one -night, and the following morning surprised and destroyed them, almost -to the last man. They were said to have the more easily succumbed to -the attack, from having drunk a quantity of patent medicines taken from -the baggage of their earlier victims. This stuff was composed mostly of -what the distillers call "high wines," containing a large percentage of -crude alcohol. - -On returning to Camp Grant the troop rested for a short time, and -then started on an extended expedition touching the Sierra Apache and -Mesquite Springs--losing only one man, the blacksmith, in the course -of the trip, and inflicting no great injury on the Indians. Other -expeditions followed, about as fruitless; but towards the end of summer -the headquarters were moved fifty-five miles west to Tucson, which -had not then acquired fame as a mining centre. It was, however, noted -as being the capital of Arizona and one of the dirtiest of little -Spanish-American towns. The camp was on the eastern border of the -village, and the Apaches were in the habit of coming up to its close -neighborhood to steal and drive away live stock. Even after the arrival -of Cushing's troop, the savages had shown strong tendencies towards -mischief, seriously wounding one of his men. Later they simultaneously -attacked wagon trains and widely-separated settlements, thus confusing -the calculations of our officers. As a crowning exploit they carried -away a herd of cattle from Tucson itself, and followed that achievement -by the killing of a stage-mail rider and the massacre of a party of -Mexicans on their way to Sonora. - -During the time when these events occurred, Cushing kept his troop hard -at work and extirpated many of the hostile Indians--how many, is not -stated in any work of which I have knowledge. Cochise, chief of the -Chiricahua clan of Apaches (and predecessor of Geronimo), finally came -into camp as winter drew nigh, and claimed that he wanted peace and -a resting-place on the reservation. He had already been fighting the -white people for fourteen years, and had tried every trick upon his -enemies save this. Cushing vainly protested against coddling the wily -chief during cold weather, to suffer from his depredations when warmth -should again prevail. Cochise was taken care of all winter; and before -May, 1871, was on the warpath with Cushing close after him. On May 5th -the lieutenant was at the head of a reconnoitering party of twenty-two -men at Bear Springs, in the Whetstone Mountains, about fifty miles -southeasterly from Tucson, and twenty-five southwesterly from the site -of the present town of Benson. - - - - -_Death of the Young Cavalryman_ - - -Cushing was riding at the head of the party with three soldiers and a -citizen or two near him, when Sergeant John Mott saw movements of some -Apaches who were trying to get to the rear of the detachment. He sent -word to the lieutenant, inducing him to fall back, although already -engaged with an ambush of Cochise's followers in front. The latter had -succeeded in entirely surrounding the little party, and Cushing, with -four at his side, were all slain before they could get back to the rest -of their party. - -Sylvester Maury, a graduate of West Point--pioneer miner, and author of -a classic of modern Arizona, entitled _Arizona and Sonora_--in a letter -to the New York _Herald_ shortly after Cushing's death, boldly charged -the catastrophe to the foolish policy then prevailing, of dealing with -the Indians of the Southwest. Under this policy, the ravages of the -enemy were promoted by feeding them up well during any intervals when -they might feel like taking a rest from assassination and plunder. He -added: - - Now we have the result. There is not a hostile tribe in Arizona - or New Mexico, that will not celebrate the killing of Cushing as - a great triumph. He was a beau sabreur, an unrelenting fighter; - and although the Indians have got him at last, he sent before him - a long procession of them to open his path to the undiscovered - country. * * * He has left behind him in Arizona a name that will - not die in this generation. - -As a comment on the foregoing, I need only say that in response to -my request, at an Arizona newspaper office a few weeks ago, for some -special information regarding Howard Cushing, I was told that the -writer had "never heard of the party inquired after." _Sic transit -gloria mundi_, making very rapid time in the transit, in many of the -modern instances. Nevertheless, Arizona has taken enough care of -Cochise's name to attach it to one of her large counties. - -Howard's death occurred more than three-and-a-half years before that -of William; but I fancy that the acts and sayings of the latter at the -time of his brother's demise were such as to indicate something in -the nature of nervous affection. Mrs. Bouton informs me that it was -difficult to dissuade him from a project that he had in mind, to go -into the frontier service himself and there take vengeance on Howard's -slayers. On first hearing of the fatality he had been unable to refrain -from tears, even after reaching the office of a commercial bank. -Before leaving the place, he wrote the following letter to his brother -Milton: - - THE BLACKSTONE NATIONAL BANK, BOSTON, - - _May 15th, 1871._ - - MY ONLY AND VERY DEAR BROTHER: With a heart full of agony I write - to you of our terrible misfortune. Dear, brave "Howie" is no more. - I saw the news in the paper at 8 a. m. in the country this morning, - and hastened in to break it to Mother. _Poor, dear_ little Ma! Her - heart is almost broken. Oh! _dear_ old fellow--we are left alone - now--the last of four; and let us swear to stand by each other - and our noble Mother in all things. Let our old boyhood and vows - come back with full force and meaning, and let us cling together - in truest and most unselfish love and friendship. I long for you, - _dear_ brother--for a clasp of your true, honest hand, and the - comfort of one glance into your eyes. How much it would comfort - Mother to see you before you go! Tomorrow I take her with me into - the Country where we are living. I am in delightful quarters, - and shall take good care of little Ma. God bless her! Kate [the - writer's wife] is like a real daughter to her; and I thank Heaven - that she was not alone in Mary's absence. [Referring to the present - Mrs. Bouton, whose name was Mary Isabel, the "Mary" having since - been dropped by her.] - - _Dear_ old fellow--we must be doubly loving and attentive to - little Ma now. Write often to her. One thing is certain of her - Sons; they can not be beaten. You can kill but not conquer them. - A beautiful tribute was paid to Lon by the General of his brigade - at the great Army of the Potomac meeting here. He described his - wonderful, superhuman bravery. How he demanded--white with loss of - blood--to go again to the front. The General said, "You have done - all that mortal can do; attend now to your wounds." Lon answered, - "No, I will fall by my guns." He selected Allie as the only one to - especially eulogize, God bless the brave boys! I can almost see - their meeting--the handclasp of two who gave up life for duty; and - Father, joined by his noble Sons, proudly and tenderly embracing - them. - - God bless you, dear brother! Don't lose love for me. We are alone - now. My tears are falling so that I can scarcely see. Good bye. - - With all his heart your loving brother - - WILL. - - -The story of these noble sons of Wisconsin might properly be concluded -with the foregoing letter; but for the satisfaction of those who may -wish to have a good idea of the personal appearance of the young -cavalryman, I will add the description given by Captain Bourke: - - He was about five feet seven in height, spare, sinewy, active as a - cat; slightly stoop-shouldered, sandy complexioned, keen gray or - bluish gray eyes, which looked you through when he spoke and gave - a slight hint of the determination, coolness and energy which had - made his name famous all over the southwestern border. - -[Illustration: - - Kate is like a pal daughter to her and I thank Heaven that she was - not alone in Macy's absence. _Dear_ old fellow it must be doubly - boring and attrition to little Ma now. Write often to her--One - thing is certain of her Son--they can not be beaten. You care - kill but not conquer them. A beautiful tribute was paid to Lon by - the General of his brigade at the great Army of Potomac awaiting - here. He described his wonderful, super human bravery. How he - demanded--white with loss of blood--to go again to the front. The - General said 'You have done all that mortal can do--attend now - to your wounds.' Lon answered "No. I will fall by my guns." He - selected Allie as the only one to especially eulogize. God bless - the brave boys! I can almost see their meeting the hand clasp of - two who gave up life for duty, and Father, joined by his noble Sons - proudly and tenderly embracing them. - - God bless you--dear brother! Don't lose love for me--We are alone - now--My tears are falling so that I can scarcely see--Good bye. - - With all his heart - - Your loving Brother - - Will. - - -Facsimile of part of letter from William B. Cushing to his brother -Milton; dated May 15, 1871] - -So long as such men can be produced in the republic, there is little -danger of its decline and fall. Without such, or men of stamina -approximating to their standard, our country would be likely to meet -the fate of its predecessors, and become the prey of stronger peoples. -It would therefore be foolish indeed to withhold from our fighting men -the honor and the more substantial rewards which tend to encourage -bravery and, when necessary, the upholding of our national solidarity -by force of arms. To a considerable degree this is accomplished by our -national pension system; but that is faulty, in respect that it makes -no distinction, as to the amount of his quarterly stipend, between a -four-years' fighting soldier and a ninety-days' malingerer in or about -hospitals. - -That it was difficult to provide for advancement in the army, in -accordance with desert, is evident from the fact that Howard Cushing -served as a private soldier in the same battery for twenty months. That -was, indeed, keeping talent hidden in a very inconspicuous napkin. It -may be that such bad fortune was unavoidable on the whole, and that -a just grading of pensions would be still more difficult to attain -than logically-just promotions in the army. At all events, it is clear -to me that whatever does tend most effectually to keep alive in our -citizenship such devotion to the country as to make men willing to -strive to the uttermost and to die for its sake, is what ought to be -practised--and where possible, improved. - - - - -INDEX - - - "Adelaide", 60. - - "Albemarle", xiv, 67-80. - - Albemarle Sound, 68-70. - - Ames, Gen. Adelbert, 82. - - Apache Indians, 86; - in Arizona, 95-100. - - Arlington, Alonzo Cushing at, 35. - - Armistead, Gen. Lewis A., 51, 54, 55, 57. - - - Battles: Antietam, Alonzo Cushing at, 55. - Bailey's Cross Roads, 34, 35. - Blackburn's Ford, 33. - Bull Run, 33, 34. - Chancellorsville, xii, 42, 43, 45. - Fitzhugh's Crossing, 42. - Fredericksburg, 41, 42. - Gettysburg, xii, 42-45, 51, 66. - Hawes's Shop, 89. - Long Bridge, 34. - Marye's Heights, 42. - Meadow Bridge, 89. - Mine Run, 89. - Salem Heights, 42. - Spottsylvania Court House, 42. - Strawberry Hill, 89. - Todd's Tavern, 89. - Wilderness, 42. - Yellow Tavern, 89. - - Bear Springs (Ariz.), 98. - - Black Hawk, Sauk leader, 9. - - Bladensburg (Md.), 90. - - Bourke, John G., xi, 94-96, 102. - - Bouton, Isabel Cushing, 18, 22, 53, 100, 101. - - Brandy Station (Va.), 89. - - Brookfield, 13. - - Burnside, Gen. Ambrose, 40. - - - "Cambridge", xiii, 37. - - Castleman, Dr. A. L., 18. - - Centerville (Va.), 35, 38. - - "Charlotte", 82. - - Chase, Salmon P., 20. - - Chiricahua Indians, 98. - - Cochise, Apache chief, 98-100. - - "Colorado", 31. - - "Commodore Barney", 62. - - "Commodore Hull", 72. - - Couch, Gen. Darius N., 41. - - Cushing, Alonzo H., born, 16; - youth, 16-26; - at West Point, 26, 28, 29, 33; - Washington, 32; - Long Bridge, 35; - Arlington, 35; - with Gen. Sumner, 38, 39; - McClellan, 39, 40; - at Fredericksburg, 41, 42; - on furlough, 41; - at Fitzhugh's Crossing, 42; - Spottsylvania Court House, 42: - Salem and Marye's Heights, 42; - Wilderness, 42; - with Hooker, 43; - Hancock, 44; - at Gettysburg, 45-50, 53-57, 77; - death, 50, 102; - personal appearance, 32, 56, 85; - record, xii; - appreciations, xii, 41, 42, 45, 47, 54-57; - facsimile of letter, 40; - portrait, 56. - - Cushing, Howard B., born, 9; - youth, 9-16; - enlisted, 26, 36; - promoted, 88; - with Sheridan in Virginia, 89; - in Washington, 90; - Elmira (N. Y.), 91-93; - Fort Meyer, 93; - joined cavalry, 94; - in Arizona and Texas, 95-98; - expedition against Cochise, 98; - killed, 86, 87, 99; - personal appearance, 102, 103; - record, xi; - appreciation, xi; - facsimile of letter, 88; - portrait, 94. - - Cushing, Kate L., 84-87, 101. - - Cushing, Mary Barker Smith, 9-19, 21, 22, 27, 28, 52, 62, 101. - - Cushing, Mary Isabel, 18. - - Cushing, Milton, 9, 10, 24, 27. - - Cushing, Milton Buckingham, 5-21. - - Cushing, Rachel Buckingham, 4-8, 12, 17; - children of, 17, 18. - - Cushing, Walter, 15, 16, 18. - - Cushing, William Barker, born, 17; - youth, 17-26; - at naval academy, 28, 29; - on "Minnesota", 30; - "Colorado", 31; - "Cambridge", 37; - "Perry", 58; - "Ellis", 60; - burned "Adelaide", 60; - at Jacksonville, 60, 61; - on "Commodore Barney", 62-66; - "Shoboken", 66, 67; - destroys "Albemarle", 69-81; - promotion, 81; - at Fort Fisher, 81-83; - on "Maumee", 83; - "Wyoming", 83; - death, 84; - personal appearance, 84-87; - letter on Howard's death, 101; - record, xii-xiv; appreciations, xiv, 58, 60, 76, 77, 80, 94, 95, - 102, 103; - facsimile of letter, 102; portrait, 86. - - Cushing, Zattu, 3-5. - - Cushing family, in New England, 3; - in New York, 3-8; - at Milwaukee, 9-13, 16; - removal to Waukesha County, 12-15; - at Chicago, 18-20; - in Ohio, 20; - at Fredonia (N. Y.), 22, 25, 84. - - - Delafield, ----, town named for, 17, 19. - - Delafield, Cushings at, 14-19. - - "Delaware Farmer", 31. - - Dousman, Mrs. Talbot C., 13. - - - Early, Gen. Jubal, 90, 91. - - East Troy, 30, 62. - - Edwards, Francis S., 26. - - Edwards, Mary B., 30, 37, 60, 62. - - "Ellis", 60. - - Elmira (N. Y.), Howard Cushing at, 91-93. - - - Finance, Continental currency, 2. - - Fitchburg (Mass.), Milton B. Cushing at, 27. - - Flusser, Com. Charles W., 59, 60, 68. - - Forts: Fisher, 81. - Meyer, 93. - Totten, 90. - - Franklin, Gen. William B., 40. - - Franklin (Va.), 59. - - Fredonia (N. Y.), Cushings at, 22, 25, 84. - - Frisby, Russell, 15. - - Fuger, Sergt. Frederick, 50, 52-55, 57, 89. - - - Gallipolis (Ohio), Dr. Milton Cushing at, 21. - - Gaps: Manassas, xiii, 44. - Thoroughfare, 44. - - Geronimo, Apache chief, 98. - - - Hall, Col. George B., 47. - - Hampton Roads, 38, 63. - - Hancock, Gen. Winfield S., 44, 53. - - "Hartford", xiii. - - Hawks, N. P., 16. - - Haymarket (Va.), 44. - - "Hebe", 67. - - Hooker, Gen. Joseph, 40, 43. - - Horton, Julia G., 23, 24. - - Hosmer, G. S., 15. - - - Jacksonville (N. C.), 60. - - - Lakes: Nagawicka, 14, 17. - Nemahbin, 14, 16, 19. - Pewaukee, 12, 14. - - "Lancaster", xiii. - - Lee, Gen. Robert E., 43, 44, 66. - - Lee, Admiral S. P., 60, 69. - - Lincoln, Abraham, xiv, xv, 41, 42, 80. - - - McClellan, Gen. George B., 35, 39, 40. - - Madison, 12, 13. - - Maryland, campaign in, 39, 40. - - Meade, Gen. George G., 56. - - "Merrimac", 38, 68. - - Milwaukee, Cushings at, 9-13, 16. - - "Minnesota", xiii, 30. - - "Monitor", 38. - - "Monticello", xiii, 73. - - Moon, Corporal Thomas, 56, 57. - - Mott, Sergt. John, 98. - - "Mount Washington", 63. - - - Nashotah, Theological Seminary, 14. - - Naval Academy, William Cushing at, 27, 30. - - Nemahbin, Cushings in, 15. - - New England, emigration to Wisconsin, 1-4. - - New York, Cushings in, 3-8. - - Norfolk (Va.), 59, 70. - - - "Otsego," 72. - - - Paddock, George, 15. - - Paddock family, 13-15. - - "Penobscot", xiii. - - "Perry", 58. - - Pickett, Gen. George E., xii, 48, 54, 56. - - Plymouth (N. C.), captured by "Albemarle", xiv, 68, 69, 71, 77, 78. - - Porter, Lieut. B. H., 82. - - Porter, Adm. David D., 70. - - Potawatomi Indians, in Wisconsin, 9. - - Potomac, Army of, 35, 38, 40, 43, 89. - - Prairieville. See Waukesha. - - Preston, S. W., 82. - - - "Quinnebaug", xiii. - - - Reynolds, Gen. John F., 44. - - Richmond (Va.), 39. - - Rivers: Blackwater, 59. - Bark, 14. - Menomonee, 11, 12. - Milwaukee, 11. - Monocacy, 43, 90. - Nansemond, 63. - Potomac, 33, 44, 66. - Rappahannock, 37, 42, 43. - Roanoke, 68, 71. - Shenandoah, 43. - - Rorty, James M., 46, 50. - - - Santiago de Cuba, 83. - - "Sassacuse", 68. - - Sauk Indians, in Wisconsin, 9. - - Schaff, Gen. Morris, xii, 29. - - "Shamrock", 71, 73. - - "Shockokon", xiii. - - Sheridan, Gen. Philip, 89. - - Smith, C. W., 37. - - Smith, Commodore Joseph, 26. - - "Southfield", 68, 71, 73. - - "Stag", 83. - - Stotesbury, Asst. Engineer William, 73. - - Stuart, Gen. J. E. B., 44, 89. - - Sumner, Gen. Edwin V., 38-40. - - Swan, Paymaster ----, 71, 72. - - Swansboro (N. C.), 60. - - - Taneytown (Md.), 44. - - Tucson (Ariz.), Howard Cushing at, 95, 97-99. - - - "Valley City", 73. - - Vicksburg (Miss.), Howard Cushing at, 36. - - "Virginius", 83, 84. - - - Warley, Capt. A. F., 79. - - Warren, Cushings in, 15. - - Washington (D. C.), Alonzo Cushing at, 32. - - Waukesha, 13, 16, 19. - - Waukesha County, _History_, 13. - - Webb, Gen. Alexander S., 47, 50. - - Western Branch (Va.), 63. - - West Point, Alonzo Cushing entered, 26; buried at, 53. - - Wilkeson, Lieut. Frank, 92. - - Woodman, Acting Master's Mate ----, 72, 73. - - Woodruff, George A., 46, 50. - - "Wyoming", xiv. - - - Yorktown (Va.), 39. - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES - - - Erratum on page vi has been corrected in the text. - - Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical - errors. - - Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - - Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Three Wisconsin Cushings, by Theron Wilber Haight - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS *** - -***** This file should be named 50549-8.txt or 50549-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/5/4/50549/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Three Wisconsin Cushings - A sketch of the lives of Howard B., Alonzo H. and William - B. Cushing, children of a pioneer family of Waukesha County - -Author: Theron Wilber Haight - -Release Date: November 25, 2015 [EBook #50549] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div class="tnotes covernote"> - <p>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span></p> -<div id="halftitle"> - - - - -<p class="ph1">THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[Pg ii]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"><a id="Frontispiece"></a> -<img src="images/i004.jpg" width="700" height="376" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><p><span class="smcap">Major-General E. V. Sumner and Staff, 1862</span></p> - -<div class="hangindent"> - -<p>See facsimile of A. H. Cushing's letter, facing p. <a href="#Page_40">40</a>. From left to right; Capt A. H. Cushing, Capt. L. Kipp, -Major Clarke, Lieut.-Col. Joseph Taylor, General Sumner, Capt. Sam Sumner, Surgeon Hammond, and -Lieutenant-Colonel Lawrence</p></div> - -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Wisconsin History Commission: Original Papers, No. 3</span></p> -<div id="titlepage"> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h1>THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS<br /> - -<span class="large">A sketch of the lives of Howard B., Alonzo H. -and William B. Cushing, children of a pioneer -family of Waukesha County</span></h1> - - -<p class="xlarge p4">BY THERON WILBER HAIGHT</p> - -<p class="small"><span class="smcap">Private, Corporal, First Sergeant, Second and First Lieutenant -U. S. V., in the War between the States</span></p> - -<p class="large p6">WISCONSIN HISTORY COMMISSION</p> - -<p class="xlarge">APRIL, 1910 -</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center p2">TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED COPIES PRINTED</p> - -<p class="center p4">Copyright, 1910</p> - -<p class="center">THE WISCONSIN HISTORY COMMISSION</p> - -<p class="center">(in behalf of the State of Wisconsin) -</p> - -<p>Opinions or errors of fact on the part of the respective authors of the Commission's -publications (whether Reprints or Original Narratives) have not been modified -or corrected by the Commission. For all statements, of whatever character, the Author -is alone responsible.</p> - -<p class="center p6">DEMOCRAT PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTER -</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2><span class="smcap">Contents</span></h2> - - - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents"> - <tr> - <th></th> - <th>PAGE</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Wisconsin History Commission</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Records and Appreciations</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Three Wisconsin Cushings</span>:</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">A great New England exodus</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">The Cushing Family in Western New York</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">The father of three Wisconsin heroes</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">From Milwaukee to the Nemahbins</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">Removal to Chicago</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">The mother in charge of the family</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">All the boys established</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">The beginning of the War</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">The last year of Alonzo's life</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">Later naval services of William B. Cushing</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">William's letter to his mother</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">After Gettysburg</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">The destruction of the "Albemarle"</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">At Fort Fisher and afterwards</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">Howard Cushing with the Artillery</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">Transferred to the Cavalry</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_94">94</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdp">Death of the young cavalryman</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Index</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></td> - </tr> -</table></div> -<div class="chapter"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>Erratum</h2> - -<div class="center"> -<ul> -<li>The portrait at p. <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, entitled "Alonzo Hersford Cushing," is -that of Howard B. Cushing.</li> - -<li>The portrait at p. <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, entitled "Howard B. Cushing," is that -of Alonzo Hersford Cushing.</li> -</ul> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2><span class="smcap">Illustrations</span></h2> - - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Illustrations"> - <tr> - <th></th> - <th class="tdr">PAGE</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Major-General E. V. Sumner and Staff, 1862</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><em><a href="#Frontispiece">Frontispiece</a></em></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Facsimile of part of letter by Alonzo H. Cushing, 1862</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Portrait of Howard B. Cushing</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Portrait of William Barker Cushing</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Facsimile of part of letter by Howard B. Cushing</span>, August 6, 1863</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Portrait of Alonzo Hersford Cushing</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_94">94</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Facsimile of part of letter by William B. Cushing</span>, May 15, 1871</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td> - </tr> -</table></div> - - - - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Wisconsin History Commission</span> -</p> - -<div class="hangindent"> - -<p>(Organized under the provisions of Chapter 298, -Laws of 1905, as amended by Chapter 378, -Laws of 1907 and Chapter 445, Laws of -1909)</p></div> - -<div class="center"> -<dl> -<dt>JAMES O. DAVIDSON</dt> - -<dd><em>Governor of Wisconsin</em></dd> - -<dt>FREDERICK J. TURNER</dt> - -<dd><em>Professor of American History in the University of -Wisconsin</em></dd> - -<dt>REUBEN G. THWAITES</dt> - -<dd><em>Secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin</em></dd> - -<dt>MATTHEW S. DUDGEON</dt> - -<dd><em>Secretary of the Wisconsin Library Commission</em></dd> - -<dt>CHARLES E. ESTABROOK</dt> - -<dd><em>Representing Department of Wisconsin, Grand -Army of the Republic</em> -</dd> -</dl> - -<hr class="tb" /> - - -<ul><li><em>Chairman</em>, <span class="smcap">Commissioner Estabrook</span></li> - -<li><em>Secretary and Editor</em>, <span class="smcap">Commissioner Thwaites</span></li> - -<li><em>Committee on Publications</em>, <span class="smcap">Commissioners Thwaites -and Turner</span></li> -</ul></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a><br /><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a><br /><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>RECORDS AND APPRECIATIONS</h2> - - -<h3><em>Howard B. Cushing</em></h3> - -<p><em>Record</em>—Wisconsin. Private Co. B., 1st Illinois artillery, -March 24, 1862 to November 30, 1863; private -in B artillery (regular) November 30, 1863; second -lieutenant, 4th artillery, November 30, 1863; transferred -to 3rd cavalry, September 7, 1867; first lieutenant, December -16, 1867; killed May 5, 1871, in action with -Apache Indians in Whetstone Mountains, Arizona.</p> - -<p><em>Appreciation</em>—"Of the distinguished services rendered -to Arizona by Lieutenant Howard B. Cushing, a book -might well be written. It is not intended to disparage -anybody when I say that he performed herculean and -more notable work, perhaps, than had been performed by -any other officer of corresponding rank either before or -since. Southern Arizona owed much to the gallant officers -who wore out strength and freely risked life and -limb in her defence; * * * but if there were any -choice among them I am sure that the verdict, if left to -those officers themselves, would be in favor of Cushing."—<span class="smcap">John -G. Bourke</span>, <cite>On the Border with Crook</cite> -(N. Y., 1891), pp. 106, 107.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</a></span></p> - - -<h3><em>Alonzo Hersford Cushing</em></h3> - -<p><em>Record</em>—Wisconsin and New York. Cadet at Military -Academy, July 1, 1857 (12); second lieutenant and -first lieutenant of the 4th artillery, June 24, 1861; brevet -captain, December 13, 1862, for gallant and meritorious -service at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va.; major, May -2, 1862, for gallant and meritorious service at the Battle -of Chancellorsville, Va.; and lieutenant colonel, July 1, -1863, for conspicuous gallantry at the Battle of Gettysburg, -Pa., where he was killed July 3, 1863.</p> - -<p><em>Appreciation</em>—"On the field of Gettysburg, more than -once I stood where the brave Cushing gave up his life, -right at the peak of Pickett's daring charge. Oh that -day and that hour! History will not let that smiling, -splendid boy die in vain; her dew will glisten forever over -his record as the earthly morning dew glistens in the fields. -Fame loves the gentleman and the true-hearted, but her -sweetheart is gallant youth."—<span class="smcap">Morris Schaff</span>, "Spirit -of Old West Point," in <cite>Atlantic Monthly</cite>, February, -1907.</p> - - -<h3><em>William Barker Cushing</em></h3> - -<p><em>Record</em>—September 25, 1857, appointed acting midshipman, -from 33rd N. Y. district; March 23, 1861, resignation -accepted; April 1, appointed master's mate in -volunteer navy—served on board the U. S. S. "Minne<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[Pg xii]</a></span>sota;" -Sept. 13, resignation accepted; Oct. 19, warranted -as a midshipman in the navy from the 1st day of -June, 1861; Oct. 25, to duty in North Atlantic blockading -squadron; March 27, 1862, detached from U. S. S. -"Cambridge" (sick) and leave of one month; May 14, -to the U. S. S. "Minnesota;" July 16, promoted to lieutenant; -April 27, 1863, commissioned; Sept. 5, detached -from the "Shockokon" and to command the "Monticello;" -Oct. 19, 1864, detached and to the North Atlantic -blockading squadron; Nov. 22, again ordered to -North Atlantic blockading squadron; Oct. 27, promoted -to lieutenant-commander from this date; Feb. 20, 1865, -commissioned; Feb. 24, detached from command of the -"Monticello" and wait orders; May 17, to the navy yard, -New York, N. Y.; June 13, detached and to the U. S. -S. "Hartford;" June 24, detached and to the U. S. S. -"Lancaster," Pacific station; March 11, 1867, detached -and wait orders; July 5, to the U. S. S. "Quinnebaug," -15th instant; July 25, previous order revoked and to -command the U. S. S. "Penobscot" when found; Oct. 7, -detached and to command the U. S. S. "Maumee;" Jan. -19, 1870, detached November 12th last, and leave three -months from 13th instant; March 30, to ordnance duty, -Navy Yard, Boston, Mass., April 30th; Jan. 31, 1872, -promoted to commander from this date; Feb. 2, to examination; -Feb. 9, detached and wait orders; May 16,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[Pg xiii]</a></span> -commissioned; June 17, 1873, to command the U. S. S. -"Wyoming" per steamer 28th instant; June 21, previous -order suspended; July 11, to command the U. S. S. -"Wyoming;" April 24, 1874, detached and wait orders; -April 27, to duty as assistant to executive officer, -Navy Yard, Washington, D. C.; Aug. 25, detached -and to duty as senior aid to commandant of the Navy -Yard, Washington, D. C.; Dec. 17, died this day at -the Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, -D. C.</p> - -<p><em>Appreciation</em>—"<em>To the Senate and House of Representatives</em>: -In conformity to the law of July 16, 1862, -I most cordially recommend that Lieutenant William B. -Cushing, United States Navy, receive a vote of thanks -from Congress for his important, gallant, and perilous -achievement in destroying the rebel ironclad steamer, Albemarle,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[Pg xiv]</a></span> -on the night of the 27th of October, 1864, at -Plymouth, North Carolina. * * * This recommendation -is specially made in order to comply with the -requirements of the aforesaid act which is in the following -words, viz.: That any line officer of the Navy or Marine -Corps may be advanced one grade if upon recommendation -of the President by name he receives the thanks of -Congress for highly distinguished conduct in conflict with -the enemy, or for extraordinary heroism in the lines of his -profession. (Signed)</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Abraham Lincoln</span>."</p> -<div class="chapter"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS</h2> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>A Great New England Exodus</em></h3> - - -<p>Beginning with the last decade of the eighteenth -century, and continuing through the first decade -of the nineteenth, the northern and western -borders of the state of New York were punctuated -with settlements of a peculiar people along -the entire distance, and reaching inland from the -edges of the lakes and rivers along the line, for a -number of miles. These settlements were from -New England; but their population differed -somewhat from the aggregate of those who were -left behind. Sires and sons of the great emigration -were, in all their movements, much influenced, -no doubt, by the views of their wives, mothers, -and sisters, but the partiality of history takes -notice only of the former.</p> - -<p>They were the men, and the offspring of the -men, whose sturdy strokes, supplemented by their -more delicate and elaborate strokes, had turned<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> -New England from a wilderness into fertile -fields and flourishing towns, but who were not -permitted to reap the fruits of their past endeavors -in their old homes. Debts had accrued against -them while they had been helping fight the battles -of their country in the War for Independence, -and their creditors would not accept in settlement -the worthless Continental currency with -which their country had paid them for their services -and sacrifices. In many instances they found -their homesteads taken from them and turned over -to lawyers and other professional men who had -abstained from encouragement of bloodshed by -staying out of the army in the "times that tried -men's souls." The returning soldiers were disgusted -and amazed by what looked to them like -a less tolerable condition than that which they -had opposed of late with powder and ball. -Within a very few years all this feeling culminated -in a rebellion against the government—and -particularly the judicial branch of the government—of -the state of Massachusetts, led by -one Daniel Shays, who had attained the rank of -captain in the Continental forces in active service.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> - -<p>When this uprising was suppressed, as in less -than a year it was, an exodus of the dissatisfied -classes began and continued as people could get -ready for their passage over the Hudson and into -the wilderness of what was then the Far West, -reaching by way of the Mohawk Valley even to -Lake Erie itself, and up the eastern shore of -Lake Ontario to the St. Lawrence. Washington -Irving was evidently familiar with the appearance -of such migrations from early boyhood, and -gives a lively picture in his <cite>Knickerbocker's History -of New York</cite> (though somewhat distorted -for purposes of burlesque entertainment), of the -way in which the Yankees moved westward, accompanied -by their families, and with all their -belongings packed away in covered wagons -drawn by jaded horses or toiling oxen.</p> - -<p>The <em>History</em> was published in 1809, when -Irving was twenty-six years old; but it is not probable -that he had observed among the immigrant -wagons passing his father's house, the young ship-carpenter, -Zattu Cushing, who attained his majority -in 1791, and soon after left his native home -at Plymouth, Mass., reaching the neighborhood<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> -of Ballston Spa, New York, before 1795, the -year of his marriage there to Miss Rachel Buckingham.</p> - -<p>It seems most likely that the trip from Plymouth -to the headwaters of the Hudson was entirely -by water; the young man's relations with -seafaring, together with the frequency of coastwise -voyages from the eastern ports of the old Bay -State, would naturally have led him to prefer that -route. From the time of his marriage until 1799 -neither tradition nor record points out the character -or direction of his movements. In the last-mentioned -year he is said to have been superintending -the construction of a ship, the "Good Intent," -at the island opposite Erie, Pennsylvania, -although his residence at the same time was in the -town of Paris, a few miles south of Utica, New -York. On his return home from Erie he took -back a team of horses, perhaps the fruit of his -ship-building on the lake. The horses claim a -a place in history on account of the escape of one -of them in the neighborhood of Dunkirk, and the -camping-out of the owner, while searching for it,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> -on the site of the village of Fredonia, his home in -subsequent years.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>The Cushing Family in Western New York</em></h3> - - -<p>It was not until 1805 that the young man finally -settled at Fredonia, bringing with him his wife -and five children, of whom Milton Buckingham, -born in 1800, was to become the father of perhaps -the most conspicuously daring trio of sons of -one mother of any—not excepting the Roman -Horatii or Judean Maccabees—whose exploits -have been noted in the pages of history. For, in -the days of early champions, personal strength and -dexterity counted for so much in battle that it did -not appear very extraordinary for Walter Scott's -"Fitz-James" to set his back against a rock and -defy a whole tribe of armed Highlanders to a -close contest. The more modern fighting man -can not see the death that he hears whistling and -humming about his head in the vicious flight of -bullets; or, tearing the atmosphere apart by means -of shell that burst into whirring fragments of cast-iron, -destroying everything they touch, whether -animate or inanimate. He has to be ready for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> -his fate, which may be handed out to him at any -instant without the possibility of resistance or escape.</p> - -<p>The journey from Oneida County was made in -the early winter by ox-sleighs, and must have -taken several days, perhaps running into weeks, as -the route led the emigrants to Dunkirk by way of -Buffalo and the frozen waters along the Erie -shore. While spending one night on the ice, a -little way off shore, a thaw came on, in company -with a strong east wind, and the party had some -difficulty in reaching land. Fredonia is only three -or four miles inland from the port of Dunkirk, and -the family soon found themselves domiciled in the -log hut which in those days almost always served -as the temporary shelter, at least, of the first occupant -of a tract of land in the backwoods of New -York.</p> - -<p>The Cushings were evidently well-thought-of -by their neighbors, so the former ship-carpenter -soon received the appointment of associate judge -of the Niagara County court. It may seem rather -odd at present that this position should have been -conferred upon a layman; but the experience at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> -their old homes of the emigrating New Englanders -had been such that they retained strong prejudices -against regularly-trained members of the -learned professions. They were quite generally -inclined to prefer the illiterate exhortations of revivalist -ministers to the teachings of such clergymen -as were accounted orthodox in the Eastern -states; to consider home-bred lawyers as more -likely to strive for the triumph of justice than -those who had devoted their lives to the study of -technicalities; and even in respect to medical practitioners, -the self-taught empiric was as likely to -achieve a financial success among them as would -be the graduate of a long-established medical -school.</p> - -<p>That the choice of Mr. Cushing as a judge was -approved by the people, became evident when -Chautauqua County was set off from Niagara. -In 1811, Judge Cushing took the place of presiding -judge in the new organization, and held it for -fourteen years. In 1826, after the opening of -the Erie Canal, the judge, in company with other -citizens of Fredonia, built a boat for traffic on the -new waterway, and had it hauled over the three<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> -miles between Fredonia and the lake, by ox-teams; -there were said to have been about a hundred -in the string. The jurist therefore did not -retire from the activities of life on retiring from the -bench; he found somewhat with which to occupy -himself until his death in 1839, respected and -honored by the community where he lived.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>The Father of Three Wisconsin Heroes</em></h3> - - -<p>In the meantime his son Milton had grown to -maturity, had taken the degree of doctor of medicine -after a classical course of study at Hamilton -Literary and Theological Institute, not far from -the early boyhood home of the student—a school -founded in 1820, and now become Colgate University. -The duties of a physician were too exacting -for his own health, however. After a -few years of practice at Zanesville, Ohio, where -he married his first wife, he became a local merchant, -and in 1833, when the wife died, was the -father of four children, none of whom long survived -their early manhood or womanhood.</p> - -<p>Not long after the death of Mrs. Cushing, Dr. -Cushing removed his business and home to Co<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>lumbus, -where in 1836 he married Miss Mary -Barker Smith of Boston, who was visiting in the -West at the time. She was then 29 years old, -of splendid physical and mental constitution, and -fortunately endowed with a passionate love for -life in an open, free atmosphere, as near as practicable -to nature itself.</p> - -<p>After the birth of their eldest son, named for -his father, in 1837, the young couple prepared for -their removal into the far west of Wisconsin, -where the Potawatomi still fished and hunted, -and whence the Sauk leader, Black Hawk, had -recently been driven. Neither documentary evidence -nor tradition show the manner of travel of -the young couple—whether through the prairies -of Indiana and Illinois, and down the east shore -of Lake Michigan, or by sailing vessel around -through the straits of Mackinac. Either of the -two routes was then available, and neither was -especially dangerous.</p> - -<p>What seems certain is, that on the 22nd of -August, 1838, Howard B. Cushing, the eldest -of the three Wisconsin-born members of that -family, first saw the light at Milwaukee. Nine<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> -days previous to the event, Mrs. Cushing was impressed -with the presentiment of death, and wrote -in her Bible the verses following, under the heading, -"To Milton, with the Legacy of his -Mother's Bible."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> E. M. H. Edwards, <cite>Commander William Barker Cushing</cite> -(N. Y., 1898), pp. 22, 23.</p></div> -<div class="center"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">I have no gold, my darling son,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">No wealth to leave to thee—<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Yet never light hath shone upon<br /></span> -<span class="i0">A richer, costlier, holier one<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Than this my legacy;<br /></span> -<span class="i0">"Bought with a price," this guide of youth—<br /></span> -<span class="i0">And gemmed with wisdom, light, and truth.<br /></span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Should'st thou live on through many years,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Of pilgrimage below,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Full well I know that earthly fears<br /></span> -<span class="i0">And human woe and human tears,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Attend the path thou'lt go,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">And that thy soul may well endure—<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Drink deeply of this fountain pure.<br /></span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Farewell, my son! perchance through grace<br /></span> -<span class="i2">We'll meet again above—<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Thine infant memory may not trace<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Thy mother's form, thy mother's face;<br /></span> -<span class="i2">But O, that mother's love<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Burns deep for thee, my first-born child!<br /></span> -<span class="i0"><em>God keep thy spirit undefiled!</em><br /></span> -</div></div></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p> -<p>If this is to be understood as an indication of -despondent gloom, on the part of the writer, it is -the only one left by this conspicuous exemplar of -fine American womanhood. In later years, as -will appear in these pages, she was obliged to undergo -privations more difficult to encounter than -those of a residence at the confluence of the Milwaukee -and Menomonee rivers—then a forlorn -waste of swamps and hills, that looked as though -they would successfully defy the efforts of man -for transformation into the fairest of the cities -along the shores of the Great Lakes.</p> - -<p>In 1838 the little village contained not more -than about eight hundred inhabitants, and these -were divided by Milwaukee River into two hostile -camps, whose differences were always apparently -on the point of breaking out into actual violence. -The stream was still unbridged, and it -seemed likely that this watery frontier would long -remain a boundary line as fixed as that of the -Rhine in Europe. Mrs. Cushing had been -reared among the most highly-cultivated people -of Boston, and was related to such distinguished -families as the Adamses, Hancocks, and Phil<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>lipses. -It was not at all strange, therefore, that -with three or four children of her husband by a -former wife to care for, besides her own baby of -sixteen months, she should have been attacked by -the nostalgia that has often dragged grown men to -untimely graves.</p> - -<p>It was an evidence of the strength of character -of this city-bred lady that she so soon recovered -her elasticity of spirit after the birth of Howard, -and again faced the hardships of frontier life as -fearlessly as her sons faced death in the campaigns -of the great Civil War. It must have been -soon after her convalescence that she paralleled -the shout of Hannibal's soldiers, "Beyond the -Alps lies Italy!" with the thought, at least, that -beyond the Menomonee marshes lay a country resembling -in aspect the most carefully tended English -parks, but swarming with more delicious and -satisfying game of earth, water, and air than -could be found in any open hunting grounds of -Europe. This was the country of the "oak openings," -extending for scores of miles to the westward, -and jeweled with lovely lakelets, from Pewaukee -to beyond the "Four Lakes," between<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> -two of which latter was to rise the capital of the -nascent state.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>From Milwaukee to the Nemahbins</em></h3> - - -<p>In 1838 there was no elaborate road between -Milwaukee and Waukesha, but the intervening -twenty miles presented no serious obstacles to -travel. A pioneer woman who made the trip -that year, Mrs. Talbot C. Dousman, wrote of it<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> -that her pen was inadequate to a description of -the beautiful scenes. The prairie grasses stood -as high as the horses' knees, and thick with lovely -flowers. Often, says she, "we found ourselves -looking about for the house belonging to these -beautiful grounds; but it was emphatically 'God's -country,' without sight or sound of human habitation, -from the house where we dined [in the present -town of Brookfield] till we reached our home -in the woods, thirty miles from Milwaukee."</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> <cite>History of Waukesha County, Wis.</cite> (Chicago, 1880), -pp. 473, 474.</p></div> - -<p>The route taken by the Paddock family, and -thus depicted by one of its daughters, passed the -site of Waukesha rather more than a mile north,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> -and ended not far from the subsequent home of -the Cushings. Indeed, it was most probably followed -by the Cushings early in 1839, and one -may feel no hesitation in believing that the latter -breathed in with delight the clear, sweet atmosphere -of the "openings," as they passed from hill -to hill, skirting the south shore of Pewaukee Lake -and the southern point of Nagawicka, under the -shadow of the magnificent semi-mountain of Wisconsin's -Kettle Range, and then into the charming -valley surrounded by lakelets and now occupied -by the beautiful little village of Delafield.</p> - -<p>At that time there was no obstruction to the -free flowage of Bark River from Nagawicka to -the upper Nemahbin, two miles to the westward. -The site of the log cabin chosen by Dr. Cushing -is about half way between those lakes, and only -a few rods north of the river. It may still be -recognized by travellers on the interurban trolley, -by means of two beautiful elm trees across the -river, from a point half a mile west of the trolley -station at Delafield. Less than a mile farther -north, are the buildings of the Nashotah Theological -Seminary, some of which are also visible<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> -from the electric road. Then, however, oak -openings extended north and south without visible -termination. It was an ideal place for rest from -the busy employments of the world, and Mrs. -Cushing long afterwards said that her sojourn -there was the happiest period of her life.</p> - -<p>Almost immediately, Dr. Cushing took a -prominent place in this community. Appointed -justice of the peace, he made the first entries in -his docket February 15, 1840, in a case tried before -him, between G. S. Hosmer, plaintiff, and -Russell Frisby, defendant. What is now the -township of Delafield was then the south half of -the town of Warren, but it was the next winter set -off by an act of the legislature under the name of -Nemahbin, and Dr. Cushing was placed at the -head of the new municipal organization as chairman -of its first board of supervisors. The town -meeting at which he was elected was held January -5, 1842, at the schoolhouse; and over it presided -George Paddock, whom we have already -noted as guiding his daughter to this locality.</p> - -<p>More than two years before, on December 28, -1839, a second son had been born to Mrs. Cush<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>ing -and her husband, and named Walter. The -date of the death of this child is not preserved, but -he could not have outlived very early childhood, -since the burial place was on the farm from which -the parents removed within the next five years.</p> - -<p>Alonzo was also born on the Delafield farm, -as shown by a family Bible lately brought to light. -Until this discovery his birth had been credited to -Milwaukee, like that of his elder brother, -Howard. He was born on January 19, 1841.</p> - -<p>Neither store nor post office had yet been established -in the little hamlet, nor was either of those -conveniences to be found there for more than two -years afterward. The original Hawks's tavern -was built and opened to the public in 1840, and -was deemed a great blessing by immigrants on -their way westward along the lately-cleared Territorial -Road; but there were no table supplies to -be found on sale nearer than Prairieville (now -Waukesha), a dozen miles back towards Milwaukee.</p> - -<p>The year 1842 was an eventful one for the -frontier township of Nemahbin, since in the early -part of the summer, a milldam was built at the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> -outlet of Nagawicka Lake, while not long after a -gentleman named Delafield arrived there, purchased -the water power and its improvements, and -erected a flouring mill where the village mill has -ever since been a conspicuous figure in the landscape. -But of far greater importance was the -birth, in the cabin north of the river of which we -have already spoken, on November 4, of that -later glory of the American navy, William -Barker Cushing.</p> - -<p>As Dr. Cushing's first wife died in 1833, it -follows that the youngest of her children could -not have been at this time less than nine years old. -Although nothing is told of the date of the former -marriage in any writings accessible to me, it -seems likely that the eldest of the children of that -connection may have been born as early as 1825, -and therefore may have become fairly well qualified -to take charge of the household during any -temporary incapacity on the part of Mrs. Cushing -herself.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Edwards states in her life of the naval -commander<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> that there were four children of Dr. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>Cushing's first marriage, but gives the names of -only three of them, who were all members of the -family in Wisconsin. The Milwaukee County -records show the purchase, in 1844, by Mrs. -Cushing from Dr. Castleman, to whom the farm -had then been sold, of a burial lot, 6 feet by 4, -including a grave, undoubtedly that of her third -son, Walter; and William was the youngest of -her sons and the youngest of the family except a -daughter, born in Chicago and still living there—Mrs. -Isabel Cushing Bouton. In Mrs. Edwards' -volume, however, Mrs. Cushing is credited -with being the mother of seven, though she -names only five. The last conveyance by Dr. -Cushing himself appearing in the register's office -at Waukesha, is a deed to Dr. Castleman of part -of his holdings, dated April 13, 1843. It may -be pretty safely assumed that he became aware at -about that time of the inroads of a disease in his -own system which some four years later proved -fatal.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Edwards, <em>op. cit.</em>, p. 15.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>Removal to Chicago</em></h3> - - -<p>In 1844, then, it is probable that the wife and -mother left the little town that she had learned to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> -love so well, and wended her way to Chicago -with her own children and those of her husband's -former marriage. It is said that she had suggested -the name of Delafield for the township, -because the Nemahbin lakes were not within its -boundaries. The change in designation was -made by the legislature in 1843. During all the -time of the residence of the family here, they lived -in Milwaukee County, in the Territory of Wisconsin. -Waukesha County had not yet been accorded -a separate civic organization, and Wisconsin -did not become a state until 1848. Mrs. Cushing's -choice for the name of the place was stated -by her to have been influenced by what she considered -the more euphonious sound of the name -adopted, when compared with the family name -that was to be immortalized and made resplendent -by her three sons born in Wisconsin. It is a -pity that the town had not been called Cushing, -for Mr. Delafield died soon afterwards, and the -mill property was sold with the rest of the estate -of the deceased in 1846, since which date there -has been nothing of an historical character to remind -one of the origin of the local name.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p> - -<p>There is no available information of the events -of the three years ending with 1847 and relating -to the Cushing family in Chicago—a town not -then as satisfactory from an aesthetic view-point as -the Milwaukee they had left in 1839. Perhaps -an exception should be made to this statement of -lack of information, in favor of an anecdote told -by Mrs. Edwards of the young William walking -off into Lake Michigan, and informing his -rescuer that his name was "Bill Coon," so that he -could not be immediately identified. He consequently -was lost to his family for the succeeding -thirty-six hours. It is also mentioned incidentally -that Dr. Cushing resumed the practice of -medicine at Chicago, but he could hardly have -attained much success in it, on account of his declining -health. Early in 1847 he returned to -Ohio, perhaps arranging there for the future of -the two sons by his first marriage, one of whom -became a lawyer and partner of Salmon P. Chase, -and the other a physician; but both died several -years before the outbreak of the war.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>The Mother in Charge of the Family</em></h3> - - -<p>Dr. Cushing himself died at Gallipolis, Ohio, -on April 22, 1847. He must have been a -man of considerable force of character, and of -great personal attractiveness, as well as of correct -conceptions of right and wrong, with sympathies -always for the right side of public questions. -His physical constitution was not robust, -however, and he therefore passed away without -leaving any memory of important action of his -own, and without provision for his widow and her -children.</p> - -<p>It is at this point that Mrs. Cushing's personality -becomes more distinctly visible to the investigator -of the family annals. Having to lay out -a course of life with particular reference to the -welfare of her little ones, she wisely decided, like -Ruth in the ancient story, to go back to the home -of her husband's relatives, and there to begin life -anew. She loved her independence and had no -intention of quartering herself upon the charity of -those well-disposed people; but it was reasonable -to hope that they, or some of them, would take<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> -sufficient interest in the boys, at any rate, to point -out ways and means for their development into -good citizens, and opportunities of which they -might take advantage to win places of honor and -usefulness among their fellow men.</p> - -<p>She was very soon enabled to establish a school -for children at Fredonia, by means of which, with -the practice of strict economy, she maintained her -family in a respectable manner. The indulgence -of social vanities was of course not within the -scope of her plans. Her boys were required to -help in the support of the family by the performance -of such slight tasks as the neighbors called -upon them to accomplish—driving cows to pasture, -and other "chores" of a similar character. -All moneys earned by this work were handed -over to the mother and employed to the common -advantage of the family. Mrs. Bouton, of Chicago, -the youngest of the children, and the only -one now surviving, writes this, of her early life -at home:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>One trait, I think, was very remarkable in our family—the -respect and courtesy manifested toward each other. -I never received a reproof or heard an impatient word<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> -from either of my brothers. They always displayed toward -each other and my mother and myself, the same -courtesy they would show to a commanding officer. The -petting and love I received was enough to have spoiled -me for life for contact with the world.</p></div> - -<p>In the case of William, at least, the spirit of -courtesy would not appear to have been so overwhelming -as to prevent an occasional exuberance -of spirits, an instance of which is told of in a letter -from Mrs. Julia G. Horton of Buffalo, cited by -Mrs. Edwards as follows:<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> <em>Ibid</em>, p. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Will was never happier than when playing some joke -upon one of his elder brothers. One summer evening I -accompanied his brother Alonzo (Allie, as we used to -call him) "to the mill-pond," upon his invitation to take -a row in a forlorn old scow which was much patronized -by the young people for what they considered delightful -trips over the smooth pond. When we reached the -bank we found that some one had untied the boat and -set it adrift. No other boat was to be had and so we sat -down on a log, wondering if some one had tricked us out -of our row. Soon we heard a wild whoop in the distance -and saw Master Will waving an oar and shouting -to us: "Next time you want to row, don't forget to ask -your friends."</p></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p> -<p>Mrs. Horton also tells an anecdote of how the -future commander followed her and one of his -brothers to a prayer-meeting, seating himself behind -them and singing improvised personalities instead -of the approved words of the hymns that -were being sung by the worshippers, so that he was -discovered by a church official and led out of the -congregation in disgrace. There are other like -narratives surviving among the relatives and acquaintances -of the Cushings, but none of them -throw additional light upon the young men in -whom we are at this time most interested. With -Milton, the eldest, tradition has not seemed to -busy itself. He was not a native of Wisconsin; -and it may be enough to say here that in due time -he became a paymaster in the Union navy, receiving -promotion, until he was retired for disability, -as paymaster of the fleet then in the Mediterranean, -and died January 1, 1886. He married, but -left no issue.</p> - -<p>Of the younger lads, Howard appears to have -been endowed with an unusual aspiration for independence -of action, so that at fourteen years of -age he took the position of "devil" in the office<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> -of <cite>The Censor</cite>, in his home village of Fredonia. -As soon as he had obtained enough of the technique -of the trade to imagine himself able to hold -his own among strangers, he went to Boston, -where flourished the aristocratic relatives of his -mother. Here he continued his labors at the press -and in the composing room until affected with -some illness that made him homesick as well, upon -which he returned to Fredonia to recover under -his mother's ministrations. When that result -was attained he started for Chicago, memories -of which progressive town doubtless had -haunted him all through his sojourn in the East.</p> - -<p>He had left Chicago before he was ten years -old. The Cushing traits of character were -shared by him in such measure, however, as to -make it reasonably certain that he was remembered -affectionately by former acquaintances, and -the road towards independence was doubtless -made as easy for him as it could be made with a -youth whose dread of being under personal obligations -to his friends was in any instance hard to -overcome. A situation as typesetter was given -him in the office of <cite>The Farmer's Advocate</cite>, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> -in that capacity and place he worked until his enlistment -in 1862 as a private soldier in an Illinois -volunteer artillery regiment.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>All the Boys Established</em></h3> - - -<p>In the meantime, Alonzo was bravely attending -to such home duties as would be valuable in -lightening his mother's work.</p> - -<p>In 1855 her brother-in-law, Francis S. Edwards, -took his seat as member of Congress from -the Thirty-fourth New York district, and the -next year procured the appointment of William -as a page on the floor of the House.</p> - -<p>Towards the end of the session he also secured -the appointment of Alonzo as a cadet at West -Point, where he entered in 1857, in the seventeenth -year of his age, being described in the -Academy records as 5 feet and 5 inches tall.</p> - -<p>William was then fourteen, and a favorite -among the congressmen with whom he came into -touch. He also attracted the notice of a relative, -Commodore Joseph Smith of the Navy, afterwards -admiral, who took measures to have the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> -boy entered as a cadet at the Naval Academy at -Annapolis.</p> - -<p>Milton was employed in a pharmacy at -Fitchburg, Mass., where he remained until the -outbreak of the war.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Cushing henceforth had only herself and -her young daughter to provide for. She had -fought a good fight, and had succeeded in the establishment -of all her sons in positions in which -they were tolerably well assured of a good equipment -for life work, in which the ordinary young -American of that era only needed a sound mind -in a sound body and a fair field, with no favor, in -order to accomplish something worth while, -whether in war or in peace.</p> - -<p>But it should be here noted, that the all-important -feature of personal character was and is requisite -in the making of an American whose existence -is to be of advantage to his country. In such -a republic as ours, the nation would surely fail of -long endurance if a considerable proportion of its -citizens did not hold the national welfare as something -higher and more sacred than that of their -own individual personality, and could not be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> -found able and willing when the emergency -should arise, to give their best efforts, even at the -imminent peril of life and limb, to the advancement -of the common welfare. It was the prevalence -of such elements of character among great -numbers of our citizens that carried us through -the stress of the Civil War in a manner that left -us afterwards stronger and more respected by the -whole world than before its beginning, and which -now bids fair to place us beyond dispute at the -head of all the nations of the earth. In the building -up of character of this kind, women were most -potent, and among American women Mary Cushing -stands in this respect in the very front rank. -This was evidenced by her furnishing to the country -in its day of need at least three youthful sons -so equipped in intellect, nerve, and unflinching -will as to be among the most serviceable of all the -soldiers and sailors of the Union army and navy.</p> - -<p>The four years following the entrance of -Alonzo and William to the military and naval -academies respectively, were devoid of any incidents -of absorbing interest in the lives of the young -Cushings. At West Point, Alonzo was ap<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>proved -by his superiors and beloved by his fellows. -Modest in demeanor, but always efficient -in his work, and kindly towards under-classmen, -General Morris Schaff's "Spirit of Old West -Point"<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> shows the esteem in which he was held -by all. He was graduated June 24, 1861, and -on the same day commissioned second lieutenant -in the Fourth Artillery, being promoted to first -lieutenant before leaving the hall.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> <cite>Atlantic Monthly</cite>, February, 1907.</p></div> - -<p>William's cadet experience was somewhat -more eventful, for the reason that the spirit of mischief -was more dominant with him at that time -than with his brothers. The culmination of his -pranks was reached towards the close of the winter -of 1861, when he fixed a bucket of water at -the top of the doorway through which his teacher -of Spanish was to pass on his way to an evening -party. The teacher was deluged, but the youngster -was given permission to resign his cadetship, -which he did on March 23. This release was -necessary for the sake of discipline, but it was evidently -not the intention of the officers to allow him -to pass permanently out of the navy. In a month<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> -after his enforced resignation he was acting master's -mate on board the frigate "Minnesota," from -which he wrote a letter dated May 7, 1861, to his -cousin, Miss Mary B. Edwards, at East Troy, -Wisconsin, that may serve to indicate his feeling -as to his chosen profession at the beginning of its -really serious work. He says:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>I can write but a few hasty lines. I am an officer on -board of the splendid steam frigate, Minnesota. We -have just left our moorings, and as I write, we are moving -under steam and sail, out of Boston harbor. I am -going to fight under the old banner of freedom. I may -never return, but if I die it shall be under the folds of -the flag that sheltered my infancy, and while striking a -blow for its honor and my own. * * * Wherever -there is fighting, there we will be, and where there is -danger in the battle, there will I be, for I will gain a -name in this war. I must now say, Good-by; God bless -you, Mary. I will write you from homeward bound -vessels as often as possible.</p></div> - -<p>The young lady to whom this and many other -letters were written by William B. Cushing, during -his stay at Annapolis and subsequently, was a -daughter of the congressman who took the boy to -Washington in the first instance, and it is likely -that the two young people were on terms of fa<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>miliar -acquaintance with each other while they -were at the capital. He writes to her as though -she were his confidential friend as well as his -cousin. Seven weeks after sending the foregoing -he wrote again from the "Colorado," that he -had</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>been to the North twice in command of valuable -prize ships captured from the enemy. I am now on my -return trip from one of these expeditions. One of my -prizes was worth seventy-five thousand dollars, while the -last was nearly double in value to that. I have gained -considerable honor by taking them safely to New York -and Philadelphia, and I expect promotion before long.</p></div> - -<p>His expectation proved well grounded, although -in a boy of eighteen it may have seemed -rather extravagant. Before completing his twentieth -year, as will appear later, he had the unique -distinction (for one of his age) of being given -absolute command of one of the Union gunboats. -But that story will properly wait.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>The Beginning of the War</em></h3> - - -<p>From another account it seems that one of the -prizes, "The Delaware Farmer," was taken in by -Cushing himself, and was the first taken in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> -war by anybody. During most of July the young -sailor was on duty with the blockading squadron -off the coast of the Carolinas. In August he was -once more on the waters of the Chesapeake, engaged -in storming a land battery and destroying -some small supporting vessels at the same place. -In the meantime, Alonzo was just as rapidly obtaining -distinction. From West Point he had -proceeded without delay to Washington, and on -reaching the capital had applied himself most assiduously -to the work most necessary at that time -to be performed. When the writer of this sketch -arrived at Washington as a member of a volunteer -regiment early in July, 1861, Alonzo's -smooth, swarthy face and supple figure were to -be seen wherever there was a volunteer battery in -need of instruction and drill. Although he -worked his pupils hard, they all loved him for his -radiant smiles and frequent infectious laughter, -which were potent factors in smoothing the grim -front of grizzled war.</p> - -<p>He was then only in his twenty-first year and -looked still younger. Standing 5 ft. 9 in. in his -stockings, his length of limb was such as to give<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> -him the appearance, when on horseback, of being -under middle height. His good nature was so -unusual on the part of young regular officers, that -it captivated every volunteer with whom he came -in contact. On July 18 he was at the front in -the battle, or rather reconnaissance, at Blackburn's -Ford, near the stone bridge over Bull Run, and -three days later was in the thick of the disastrous -fight on the farther side of that stream. His conduct -on that occasion was said to have been admirable, -but his position was not yet sufficiently -advanced to secure him mention in the reports of -general officers, such as became a mere matter of -course as soon as he fought on his own responsibility, -whether in command of his battery or detached -for important staff duty at corps and grand -division headquarters.</p> - -<p>In no instance is there record of failure on his -part to meet the utmost expectations of his superior -officers, while generally he exceeded those expectations -by a great margin. Although not at the -very head of his class at the Military Academy, -all who knew him concur in the opinion that he -came as near realizing the ideal of a perfect sol<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>dier -as any of the contestants of the Civil War. -His assignment to duty as a first lieutenant of artillery -on leaving the Academy, was strong proof -that high expectations were already formed as to -his future.</p> - -<p>Within less than a month after he left West -Point (July 22, 1861, to be specific), in company -with some thousands of other infantry soldiers, -I was floundering along the vile wagon -way from the Long Bridge to Bailey's Cross -Roads, where our regiment was to make its -headquarters for several weeks afterwards, sending -out scouting parties from time to time, and establishing -picket outposts in what appeared to our -uneducated eyes to be appropriate points of vantage. -On the Monday just mentioned, a copious -rain set in at a very early hour, and the roadsides -were strewn with knapsacks, blankets, and other -impedimenta of the returning soldiers who plodded -along towards Washington from the battle of -the day before. Many of them had marched all -night, and very few of them had taken more than -short intervals of rest during their night exit from -the vicinity of Bull Run. One battery was dis<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>tinguished -for its fine appearance, however; and -that was Battery A of the Fourth regular artillery. -Cushing was in command of it when it met -and passed us, and even the events of the preceding -twenty-four hours had not been sufficient to -take away his smile—although it might have -shown a sarcastic side to a closer observer than I -then was.</p> - -<p>The infantry regiment in which I was a -private retired to Arlington, about the first of September, -from the front line of the troops around -Washington, and found that wonderful organization -of volunteers west of the Potomac, plastic -under McClellan's skillful hand, in the full -bloom of its evolution. Cushing entered into the -spirit of soldier-making and of earthwork construction, -and his labors were of acknowledged -value. But what McClellan was competent to -do was soon done. The great review at Bailey's -Cross Roads was a source of astonishment to the -expert spectators from other nations who observed -the accuracy of its military movements and the excellent -bearing of the 70,000 men who -might easily have marched to Centerville the next<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> -day and squelched the Virginia section of the rebellion -with not a hundredth part of the effort that -was required for that purpose in the years following. -It must have been with a heavy heart that -Alonzo Cushing, always longing for effective action, -saw the splendid opportunities of the winter -of 1861 squandered in useless delays.</p> - -<p>Although he made no complaint, the experience -of Howard during 1861 afforded ground for -greater personal vexation. He had raised a company -from among the newspaper men of Chicago. -They had elected him captain, but for some reason -their services were not accepted by the Illinois -state authorities, and he reluctantly resumed his -regular work, pursuing it until he could no longer -resist the call of his country to the field. He -therefore enlisted (March 24, 1862) as a private -soldier in Battery B, First Illinois Artillery, in -which he afterwards served faithfully and with -as much credit as a private is usually thought entitled -to, through several strenuous campaigns, including -the operations about Vicksburg. There -can be no reasonable doubt that his services as a -private would furnish material for a story of in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>terest -and instruction; but no record of them is attainable, -and the outline of his military life must -here be postponed until after the earlier notable -achievements of his younger brothers shall have -been narrated.</p> - -<p>With William, events were shaping themselves -as he desired, except that the fighting was not -quite as plentiful as he wished. On November -22, 1861, eighteen days after his eighteenth birthday -anniversary, he wrote to his cousin Mary (at -East Troy, Wisconsin, then recently married to -Mr. C. W. Smith), from the "Cambridge," a -lively account of an expedition into the Rappahannock -River to cut out a vessel loaded with -wheat, which was burned on being found hard -and fast on shore. Returning, the boat was bombarded -by cannon and musketry along the river -bank. Of the concluding scenes of this expedition, -he gives the following account:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>The Southerners had stationed a company of their -riflemen in a house, and watching them I fired canister -till I had for the time silenced their great gun. I then -threw a thirty-pound shell which burst directly in the -house, tearing it in pieces, and as I afterwards learned, -killing and wounding some twenty-five men. This dis-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>heartened -the rebels, and a few more rounds from the -gun and the rifles finished the work, and we quietly -steamed down the river to the ship. * * * Of -course I was glad to learn that I had been mentioned with -credit in the official dispatch to the Navy department.</p></div> - -<p>There was nothing else that winter in the way -of adventure of his own that he thought worth -mention; but he was a spectator (March 9, -1862), of the battle in Hampton Roads between -the "Monitor" and the "Merrimac," wherein the -destiny of wooden ships was settled for all time.</p> - -<p>Alonzo was prone, with the anonymous poet, -to,</p> -<div class="center"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Count that day lost whose low-descending sun<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Saw at his hands no worthy action done.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> -<p>The test of worthiness with him was usefulness -to the Union cause. So when the defenses of the -capital were completed, he took up the duties -(January 21, 1862) of ordnance officer for the -Second Corps, at General Sumner's headquarters—until -the return, in March, of the Army of -the Potomac from its fruitless promenade to Centerville, -and to the vacant quarters of the Confederate -army there. On March 21 he was commanded -to act as an aid-de-camp to Sumner, in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> -charge of topographical work, which was considered -particularly important in the operations at -Yorktown. This lasted from April 5 to May 4, -when it was again discovered that the Confederates -had declined to wait for the annihilation prepared -for them if they would delay moving until -McClellan should get all his parallels in shape -according to Vauban, or whomever the authority -on earthworks then in vogue may have been.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>The last year of Alonzo's Life</em></h3> - - -<p>In the "seven days" before Richmond, his conduct -was such as to receive very high praise from -Sumner. Before the end of July, an order of -transfer was made for him to become an officer of -the Topographical Engineers, the most intellectually -elevated of all the branches of the army.</p> - -<p>To foregather with the military high-brows -was not an aspiration of this soldier, however, and -he respectfully declined the honor. Notwithstanding -his preference for artillery work, McClellan -ordered him to perform the duties of assistant -topographical engineer at his own headquarters -when he set out on the Maryland cam<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>paign, -and kept him at the work as long as he -himself was in command of the Army of the Potomac. -The general had a keen eye for unusual -merit in young soldiers; one of the causes of -the personal affection felt towards him by the -great bulk of his officers and men was his promptness -to acknowledge their merits.</p> - -<p>On November 5, McClellan was superseded -by General Burnside, and the Army of the Potomac -was soon after re-organized by separation -into three "grand divisions" under the respective -commands of Generals Sumner, Franklin, and -Hooker, for the right, the left, and the centre.</p> - -<p>The right grand division was naturally to take -the initiative in future movements, and Sumner -wanted Cushing for topographical work at his -headquarters. The required surveying and map-making -were not objectionable to the young man, -so long as no active operations were in sight, and -his labors in this direction also received warm -commendation from the commanding officers. -Indeed, no task was ever placed upon the shoulders -of Alonzo Hersford Cushing, whether in -civil or in military life, so far as I have been able -to ascertain, that was not well and cheerfully -done.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/i059.jpg" width="700" height="683" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><p>Facsimile of part of letter from Alonzo H. Cushing to his brother Milton; -written after the fights before Richmond in 1862. For group -photograph alluded to in postscript, see frontispiece to this volume.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p> - -<p>The disastrous battle of Fredericksburg occurred -on December 13, and Lieutenant Cushing cut -loose for the day from grand division headquarters, -taking position by the side of General Couch, -commanding the Second Corps, with whom he -found ample opportunity for deeds of heroic daring, -which were acknowledged in a general way -in Couch's report of the part taken by his corps in -the fight. "Lieutenant Cushing," he says, "was -with me throughout the battle, and acted with his -well-known gallantry." Such further representation -of Cushing's conduct was made to the War -Department that President Lincoln brevetted him -captain, to date from the 13th of December, "for -gallant and meritorious services at the battle of -Fredericksburg, Va." A leave of absence for a -three weeks' visit home was also accorded to him -from January 26, 1863—his last opportunity for -a glimpse of life among his relatives and friends. -On returning to Virginia, Cushing resumed command -of his battery, and never afterwards left it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> -until his glorious death on the third day at Gettysburg.</p> - -<p>The battle of Chancellorsville was prefaced by -several tentative actions, beginning at Fitzhugh's -Crossing on the Rappahannock, below Fredericksburg -(April 29, 1863), and continuing at -Spottsylvania Court House, Fredericksburg, Salem -Heights and Marye's Heights before culminating -in "The Wilderness" on May 3.</p> - -<p>What Cushing did in this fighting, I have not -been able to ascertain; but that it partook of the -character of his service is evident because the -President gave him the brevet of major, dating -from May 2, 1863, "for gallant and meritorious -services at the battle of Chancellorsville." It may -incidentally be mentioned that in those days a -presidential brevet was of more importance than it -afterwards became under subsequent acts of Congress. -Originally it entitled the officer, if he -pleased, to wear the uniform of his brevet rank, to -be addressed by his brevet title, and to serve as of -his brevet rank when specially detailed. Under -later laws he could not properly wear the uniform<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> -of rank above that which belonged to him by regular -commission.</p> - -<p>It was a short two months from Chancellorsville -to Gettysburg, and the concluding two weeks -were full of incident for the men engaged, though -history has not considered it worth while to note -the incidents in any length of detail. Even the -<cite>Rebellion Records</cite> published by the national government -have little to say of the marches of the -two great opposing armies from the Rappahannock -to the sources of the Monocacy and beyond.</p> - -<p>But the destiny of the Republic was entwined -in the serpentine paths of Lee's army going down -the west side of the Blue Ridge, and Hooker's on -the east side, both headed towards the north. A -change of commanders of the Army of the Potomac -was also impending, of which the soldiers -knew nothing, but which was all the time a puzzle -and worry to the corps and division leaders. -Cushing, with an ever cheerful face, was found -with his battery in front of each successive mountain -pass reached by the advance of Lee's forces, -as the latter moved along the valley of the Shenandoah -on the western side of the range.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p> - -<p>On June 25, Hancock concentrated the Second -Corps, of which he was now the head, at Haymarket, -only a few miles from Manassas and -Thoroughfare Gaps. There the Confederate -cavalry general, Stuart, was surprised to find so -large a force and went back over the mountains—again -northward, in the track of Lee, instead of -delaying the Union army by a raid on its rear, as -he had expected to do when he was detached -from the main Confederate army before crossing -the Potomac.</p> - -<p>That Hancock should parallel Stuart's march -was a matter of course, and on June 30 he was in -bivouac at Taneytown, half a dozen miles south -of Gettysburg. The next day the curtain was -partially withdrawn from the most magnificent -spectacle of a conflict of ideas, supported by fighting -men, that the Western Continent, at least, -ever witnessed. Hancock's corps, to which -Cushing was attached, was resting at Taneytown -all day; but after the death of General Reynolds, -Hancock was on the battlefield north of the town; -and although the battery was with the rest of the -corps, there can be little doubt that Cushing was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> -with him personally as a temporary aide. My -reason for assuming this is, that the brevet of lieutenant-colonel, -made out for him the next day, -stated that the honor was conferred "for conspicuous -gallantry at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., -July 1, 1863."</p> - -<p>I wish that I had even one letter written by -Lieutenant Cushing between Chancellorsville -and Gettysburg, but I have knowledge of none. -Such a document would admit us to his inner feelings. -From his acts alone, and from what his -most intimate acquaintances in the army have -written, our judgment must be formed. A history -of the great battle can not be given here; but -fortunately no account of the engagement by a -reputable writer fails to take notice of the part -taken by the brave young son of Wisconsin in -stemming the high tide of rebellion on the third -day of the conflict. In Colonel Haskell's absorbing -story, a tribute is also paid to Cushing's endeavors -on the second day.<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> To that narrative -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>the reader is referred for that, among other living -pictures of the deadly struggle.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Frank Aretas Haskell, <cite>The Battle of Gettysburg</cite> (Wisconsin -History Commission: Reprints, No. 1, November, 1908), pp. -102, 116, 120, 121.</p></div> - -<p>For me, it must be sufficient to portray as well -as I can the final stand of Battery A and its -commander at the focus of the last day's fighting. -Our line of battle stretched along the ridge overlooking -the valley between it and the southern -armies; along its whole length, fighting was either -imminent or actually in evidence. The thunder -of artillery was like a continuous roar that filled -the atmosphere. The fire of most of the one -hundred and fifteen Confederate cannon then in -action seemed to be directed by a kind of instinct -towards the point in our line where the batteries -of Cushing, Woodruff, and Rorty were belching -destruction in the faces of their assailants, a mile -and a half away. The artillery practice of the -Southerners was good. Between the afternoon -hours of 1 and 3, many of our artillery organizations -suffered severe losses by the bursting of ammunition -chests, the breaking of wheels of gun -carriages, and the overthrow of horses that lay in -death struggles on the ground. Men were hit, -also. Among the first to receive a serious wound<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> -that fateful afternoon was Cushing himself. -Both thighs were torn open by a fragment of -shell—under which ill fortune, said General -Webb in his report, "he fought for an hour and a -half, cool, brave, competent."</p> - -<p>The commander of his brigade, Colonel Hall, -reported that:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>he challenged the admiration of all who saw him. -Three of his limbers were blown up and changed with the -caisson limbers, under fire. Several wheels were shot off -his guns and replaced, till at last, severely wounded himself, -his officers all killed or wounded, and with but cannoneers -enough to man a section, he pushed his gun to -the fence in front and was killed while serving his last -canister into the ranks of the advancing enemy.</p></div> - -<p>Hall's last reference is to a later hour of July 3 -than that to which I at present wish to call attention. -It is near 3 o'clock in the afternoon. To -give them an opportunity to cool off somewhat, our -eighty cannon have been ordered to cease firing. -The artillerymen throw themselves on the ground -to rest, or help clear away dead horses and other -debris from about the guns. Our infantry line is -closely fronted by stone walls and other fences -along the Emmetsburg road, or a short distance<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> -back from that thoroughfare. The protection -thus afforded is not at all certain, even when sods -are packed against the fences, for a solid cannon -shot or fragment of shell may penetrate such an -earthwork, when reinforced only by a wooden -fence, as though it were a row of cigar boxes. It -affords some defense, however, against bullets -which strike diagonally, or are fired over a considerable -distance. Down in front of the hill -called "Round Top," Kilpatrick's cavalry are -worrying the right of the enemy; but that fails to -disturb those in the neighborhood of Cushing, -who was almost in the middle of the outstretched -line of Union troops.</p> - -<p>Now Pickett's splendid column of 17,000 Virginians -emerge from the woods on the farther -side of the valley, and direct their course towards -the point where Cushing is holding a front place. -Other Union batteries are hurling solid shot at the -enemy, as they start on their fatal journey across -the valley. Confederate cannon send volleys of -shell over the heads of their infantry, into the -groups of our cannoneers, who continue to pelt the -advancing column. The iron shells burst in mid<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>air, -with puffs of smoke, like sporadic ejections -from the smoke-pipe of a locomotive engine, but -with resounding clangs. If the puff from a bursting -shell is behind you, or directly overhead, you -are safe from the effects of that explosion; but if -seen in front, the iron fragments are likely to cut -through the flesh and bones of some of you; for -the forward motion of the shell is not lost by its -explosion, although the pieces acquire additional -directions of flight. There is a composite of demoniac -noises, every missile splitting the atmosphere -with its own individual hum, whir, or -shriek; the musketry rattle like hail, and the deep -boom of cannonry lends its all-pervading basso to -the symphony of thousands of instruments and -voices.</p> - -<p>As the grim column hurries on, our batteries -change from solid shot to shell, tearing great gaps -in the advancing lines; but these resolutely close -up, and move forward to attain a distance from -which their rifled muskets shall be used effectively -against us. This reached, they begin blazing -away. Cushing and his neighbors open upon -them with canister and case, every discharge send<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>ing -a shower of small metal into the approaching -ranks. However, the survivors press onward, -firing as they come, and the batteries behind them -send their shell among our cannon, killing horses -and men, and overthrowing guns, but not yet -harming afresh the young hero whom we are particularly -noting. Woodruff and Rorty are slain, -though, at the head of other batteries close at -hand.</p> - -<p>At last a bullet pierces Cushing's shoulder. -He simply laughs at the hurt, calling to Webb, -his division commander, "I'll give them one more -shot. Good-by!" As he serves the last round -of canister, another bullet strikes him in the mouth, -passing through the base of his brain, and he falls -forward, bereft of life, into the arms of his clarion-voiced, -resolute, and fearless orderly sergeant, -Frederick Fuger, whom he has called to his side -to convey his orders to the men.</p> - -<p>The Union line of infantry was also making -use of its muskets, in trying to stop the Confederate -assault. The aim of the soldiers was more or -less accurate in proportion to the nerve-control exercised -by the respective individuals engaged.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> -For not all of the forces attacking or attacked are -fully conscious of what they are doing, when the -surrounding air is pregnant with death. Some -try to shoot with their eyes shut, and others forget -to place a percussion cap on their firearm. -Out of over thirty-seven thousand muskets left on -the Gettysburg battle-ground by soldiers of both -sides, no longer able to carry them, nearly a third -were loaded with more than one cartridge each, -and many with more than two. We pardon the -confusion of mind exhibited before his audience, -by a young actor or speaker, and it surely is no -less to be expected that unaccustomed soldiers -should often feel trepidation when face to face -with death.</p> - -<p>Despite the firing from our side, a hundred of -Armistead's men kept close to their chief, leaping -the fence next to Cushing's battery, just behind -him, and in time to see their leader lay hand -on Cushing's last cannon and fall dying with a -bullet through his body—only a few yards from -where his late indomitable opponent lay dead.</p> - -<p>By the side of that field-piece, went out the -lives of two as gallant warriors as ever wielded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> -sword on battlefield, and Cushing still lacked six -months of completing his twenty-third year of life. -The Southern soldiers who thought they had -taken the battery, now rushed back or surrendered -on the spot, and the flood tide of rebellion began -to recede, never again to attain so dangerous a -height, although often rising somewhat uncomfortably.</p> - -<p>The loss of a son so high in aspiration and so -capable for the achievement of necessary tasks, -must have been a grievous stroke for his mother to -bear—she who had placed her greatest reliance -upon him, rather than upon his brothers. For her -compensation for such a loss, she was allowed a -pension of seventeen dollars per month until the -year of her death (which happened March 26, -1891), when the allowance was increased to fifty -dollars. In this case the national government was -certainly very much the reverse of liberal in its -recognition of the services of a noble mother, who -had formed the character of a noble son whose life -was joyfully laid upon the altar of his country.</p> - -<p>It is pleasant to be able to state that Sergeant -Fuger, who took command of the battery after the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> -death and disablement of its three commissioned -officers taking part in the battle, was promoted -to a lieutenancy in the regiment. He served in -the regular order of grades until retired (about -1900) on account of age, as colonel, since which -he has lived in the city of Washington. From a -letter recently written by him to Mrs. Bouton, I -am permitted to make the following transcript:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>In answer to your letter received yesterday morning, I -would say that the best friend I had was your dear -brother, Alonzo H. Cushing, First Lieutenant 4th Artillery, -commanding Battery A, 4th Artillery, at the battle -of Gettysburg. On the morning of July 4, 1863, I -received an order from Gen. Hancock, commanding 2d -Corps, to send your brother's body to West Point for -burial. I placed the body in care of two non-commissioned -officers who were slightly wounded, to take it to -West Point.</p> - -<p>The manner of your brother's death was this: When -the enemy was within about four hundred yards, Battery -A opened with single charges of canister. At that -time Cushing was wounded in the right shoulder, and -within a few seconds after that he was wounded in the -abdomen; a very severe and painful wound. He called -and told me to stand by him so that I could impart his -orders to the battery. He became very ill and suffered -frightfully. I wanted him to go to the rear.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> -"No," he said, "I stay right here and fight it out, or die -in the attempt."</p> - -<p>When the enemy got within two hundred yards, -double and triple charges of canister were used. Those -charges opened immense gaps in the Confederate lines. -Lieut. Milne, who commanded the right half-battery, was -killed when the enemy was within two hundred yards of -the battery. When the enemy came within about one -hundred yards, Lieutenant Cushing was shot through the -mouth and instantly killed. When I saw him fall forward, -I caught him in my arms, ordered two men to take -his body to the rear, and shouted to my men, as I was left -in command, to fire triple charges of canister.</p> - -<p>Owing to dense smoke, I could not see very far to the -front, but to my utter astonishment I saw the Confederate -General Armistead leap over the stone fence with quite -a number of his men, landing right in the midst of our -battery, but my devoted cannoneers and drivers stood -their ground, fighting hand to hand with pistols, sabers, -handspikes and rammers, and with the assistance of the -Philadelphia brigade, the enemy collapsed and Pickett's -charge was defeated. The gall and behavior of the -men in Battery A was entirely due to your brother's -training and example set on numerous battlefields.</p> - -<p>Lieutenant Cushing, my commander, was a most able -soldier, of excellent judgment and great decision of character. -Devoted to his profession, he was most faithful -in the discharge of every duty, accurate and thorough in -its performance. Possessed of mental and physical<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> -vigor, joined to the kindest of hearts, he commanded the -love and respect of all who knew him. His superiors -placed implicit confidence in him, as well they might. -His fearlessness and resolution displayed in many actions -were unsurpassed, and his noble death at Gettysburg -should present an example for emulation to patriotic defenders -of the country through all time to come.</p> - -<p>General Armistead fell, mortally wounded, where I -stood, about seven yards from where Lieutenant Cushing, -his young and gallant adversary, was killed. In -height your brother was five feet nine inches, in weight -about one hundred and fifty pounds, good long limbs, -broad shoulders, blue eyes, dark brown hair, smooth face, -without beard or mustache, and rather swarthy complexion.</p></div> - -<p>From other communications of the colonel, addressed -to myself, I learn that Lieutenant Cushing -personally saved the battery from capture at the -battle of Antietam; that its loss at Gettysburg was -two officers killed and one wounded, seven enlisted -men killed and thirty-eight wounded, and -eighty-three horses killed out of ninety taken into -the action. Not an uninjured wheel remained, -and nine ammunition chests were blown up. -Ninety enlisted men belonging to the battery were -on duty at the beginning of the fight.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p> - -<p>Corporal Thomas Moon has also written his -recollections of the day, and although his memory -seems somewhat at fault in relation to certain matters, -his description is worth reading. He says:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Cushing was a small-sized man with blue eyes, smooth -face and auburn hair, and looked more like a school girl -than a warrior; but he was the best fighting man I ever -saw. Our battery arrived on the field July 2 and took -position on the left of the 2d corps. I was sent to the rear -with the 4th caisson. We went back over the hill close -to General Meade's headquarters. When the heavy -cannonading commenced on the 3d we went further to -the rear. About the time that Pickett was ordered to -charge, I was ordered to the battery. I was informed by -the courier that I would find the battery on the right of -the 2d corps, at the grove and angle. My horse made a -good run for about a mile. I found my piece, the 4th, -still on her wheels, and all the canister we had piled up -around her. I had been on the ground but a few minutes -before I found the gun hot and firing slow. A very -few minutes passed until the smoke raised, and we saw -the head of Pickett's column within three hundred yards -of us. We had the opportunity of our lives; just what -an artilleryman wants. We had a flank fire on them and -enough canister to stop them, but before they got to the -stone wall in front we were out of ammunition and my -gun was dismounted. Lieutenant Cushing was on the -right. We both got to the piece in front about the same -time. I found the piece out of canister, started back to -the limber, looked back and saw General Armistead with -his hat on his sword yelling to his men, and Cushing being -held up by some infantry officer. If I had stayed at -the gun as long as Cushing did, I would have been there -yet. Our guns were all disabled, limbers and caissons -blown up, men and horses killed and wounded, and the -battery under command of a First Sergeant (afterwards -lieutenant) Frederick Fuger, a 10-year man, and as fine -a soldier and officer as ever faced an enemy. I was on -duty that night—had three men under me. All we had -to guard was a few dead men. We took Lieutenant -Cushing and three or four men off the field. It rained all -night.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 476px;"> -<img src="images/i077.jpg" width="476" height="700" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><p><span class="smcap">Howard B. Cushing</span></p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Now, as to Cushing's wounds. One piece of shell -struck him in the thighs; another piece struck him in the -shoulder; but he stuck to the guns until a ball struck him -right under the nose. He fell on one side of the piece -and General Armistead on the other. His right thumb -was burned to the bone, serving vent without a thumb-pad. -We were all tired, powder-burned and bruised; -so we laid the dead men together and lay atop of them -all night. The next morning we took Cushing's fatigue -blouse off, and his cook got that after I took off the -shoulder-straps. I carried them till the next winter, and -gave them to his brother (Howard) at Brandy Station.</p></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>Later Naval Service of William Cushing</em></h3> - - -<p>Up to the day of Alonzo Cushing's death, the -reputation of his younger brother William kept -pretty even pace with his own. William's judgment -in moments of imminent peril seemed to be -unerring, so that a venture with him appeared to -his companions to have but one chance of failure—the -death of the adventurer himself. But -this had been challenged with so many styles of -defiance, as to cause the more superstitious among -the sailors to believe him invulnerable. They -were always ready and anxious to accompany him -on those of his expeditions that appeared the most -desperate. The unlimited devotion of his men -and under-officers is one of the most valuable assets -of a military or naval officer. This, with his -other qualities, procured for him a commission as -lieutenant on July 16, 1862, nearly four months -before he attained the age of twenty years.</p> - -<p>William was thereupon given the position of -second officer on the gunboat "Perry," on the -North Carolina coast, at an age when a midshipman -or master's mate, or even a lieutenant, is us<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>ually -content to play a very subordinate part in -warfare.</p> - -<p>Soon after this (September following), his superior -officer, Lieutenant-Commander Flusser, -was ordered up the Blackwater River with his -own and two other boats to co-operate with a land -force in preventing the escape of about seven thousand -Confederates stationed at Franklin, with -Norfolk as their ultimate object. The naval contingent -was at the rendezvous at the agreed time; -that from the army failed to make connection. It -was an unpleasant predicament for the boats, but -they fought their way back, down the narrow -channel of the river, the banks of which for many -miles were lined with infantry and artillery.</p> - -<p>At one point, when the decks were being swept -by the enemy's bullets, and a boarding party was -making a dash for the "Perry," Cushing called a -half dozen of his men to help him get a howitzer -into position, to meet the boarders with canister. -When his volunteers were all killed or disabled, -he took the gun alone and trained it upon the assailants -with such effect that they ran away. In<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> -Flusser's report of the affair he took occasion to -say:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>I desire to mention as worthy of praise for great gallantry, -Lieutenant W. B. Cushing, who ran the field-piece -out amid a storm of bullets, took a sure and deliberate -aim at the rebels and sent a charge of canister among -them that completely silenced their fire at that point.</p></div> - -<p>On October 26, 1862, Admiral S. P. Lee reports:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Lieutenant W. B. Cushing has been put in command -of the gunboat Ellis, and is increasing his reputation by -active operations.</p></div> - -<p>On October 18, William had written to his -cousin:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>I am alone, inside the outer bar. The nearest friendly -vessel or citizen is forty miles away. Three miles off, up -the inlet, is the rebel town of Swansboro. I am going to -run up and take possession in a few days, when I have -burned up enough coal to lighten my vessel so I can cross -the other bar. * * * You see I have a sort of roving -commission and can run around to suit myself. * * * -If under these circumstances I can not stir the rebels -up in more places than one, it will be strange indeed.</p></div> - -<p>He ran up to Swansboro in due time and -burned the "Adelaide" with a $100,000 cargo, -besides destroying salt works. On November 23, -he worked his vessel to Jacksonville, a depot for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> -blockade runners, and on the way caused a ship -loaded with turpentine to be burned. At the -town he captured a lot of guns and other public -property, and started back. About 5 o'clock p. m. -he found and shelled a camp of Confederate -troops on the river bank, and came to anchor at -nightfall, staying all night with his prizes, two -large schooners.</p> - -<p>The next morning Cushing moved on. Reaching -a difficult passage in the river, he was attacked -by shore artillery, but replied so vigorously that the -gunners on shore were driven away, and he passed -along. Shortly after, however, the "Ellis" ran -aground and had to be burned, but not before her -outfit had been mostly removed to one of the -schooners, amid some hours of fighting. Then -Cushing and his companions escaped in a small -boat to the schooner which, with its companion, -was taken back to open water.</p> - -<p>He asked for a court of inquiry on account of -the loss of his gunboat, but the admiral said there -was no need, and the Navy Department at Washington -approved, saying, "We don't care for the -loss of a vessel when fought so gallantly as that."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p> - -<p>A much thicker volume than this would be required -to tell the stories of the young sailor's various -adventures during the ensuing year. The -reader must be content with relations of occasional -adventures, sometimes in Cushing's own language. -Our hero was now given command of the "Commodore -Barney," a steamer of five hundred and -thirteen tons with a very powerful battery, and, -according to his own statement, a good crew of -over one hundred men and thirteen officers. He -continues, in his letter (written April 5) to his -cousin, Mrs. Smith, at East Troy: "Of course I -am as proud as a peacock at being the only lieutenant -in the regular navy who has a [separate] -command."</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>William's Letter to His Mother</em></h3> - - -<p>On the 15th he writes his mother a letter which -is given here nearly in full, for it indicates better -than almost anything else some of the prominent -traits of his character as developed at that time, -when boyish impulses were mixed with striking -elements of manliness. He talks with the intimate -frankness of a son who is still in love with -his mother and wishes her to share in his triumph:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Another fight and another victory! Again I have -passed through the ordeal of fire and blood, and again I -thank God for being safe in life and limb. Suffolk is -besieged by the enemy, thirty thousand strong, and contains -an army of fifteen thousand to defend it. The -town is situated on this river (the Nansemond) and its -water communication must remain open or our force will -be in a desperate position. Who do you suppose was selected -to perform the dangerous task of guarding the rear, -and preventing the crossing of ten thousand of the flower -of the southern army? Who but your son, that ex-midshipman, -ex-master's mate, hair-brained, scapegrace, Will -Cushing! Yes, it is even so. I am senior officer commanding -in the Nansemond river. I have my vessel and -two others now. I had two more, but they were disabled -in action, and have been towed to Hampton Roads. I -am six miles from the city, at a place called Western -Branch, the point most desired by the enemy. I draw -too much water to go up further, but sent my light boats -up above.</p> - -<p>Yesterday morning, as they were on their way down, -they encountered a battery at a distance of three hundred -yards, and swarms of riflemen in the bushes on the banks. -A sharp action ensued, in which two of the boats were -disabled, and but one left uninjured, but the captain of -her, like a brave fellow as he is, got them around the point -out of range, and we managed to get them as far as the -bar here when one, the Mount Washington, got aground. -The rebels soon appeared in force, bent upon driving us<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> -and crossing the river. They opened with artillery from -two positions a cross-fire, and their seven pieces sent a -hail of shot and shell around us.</p> - -<p>I had but two vessels afloat, but I silenced their fire in -an hour. In a short time they again went into action; this -time unmasking a regularly constructed battery not five -hundred yards from us, and so situated as to rake the -narrow channel completely. It was impossible to get -our disabled steamer off from the bar until high water, -five hours ahead, and I determined to fight on the spot as -long as the Barney [his own vessel] was above the water. -I sent the light steamer down to guard another coveted -point, and was soon exchanging death calls with the -enemy.</p> - -<p>Well, it was a hard fight and at close quarters most of -the time; so close that their infantry riddled the two vessels -with bullets. Crash! go the bulkheads; a rifle shell -was exploded on our deck, tearing flesh and woodwork. -A crash like thunder is our reply—and our heavy shell -makes music in the air, and explodes among our traitor -neighbors with a dull, sullen roar of defiance. Up goes -the battle-flag and at once the air is filled with the smoke -of furious battle, and the ear thrills with the unceasing -shriek and whistle of all the shell and rifled bolts that sinful -man has devised to murder his fellow creatures. -Crash! Crash! Splinters are flying in the air; great -pools of blood are on the deck, and the first cry of -wounded men in agony rises on the soft spring air. The -dead can not speak, but there they lie motionless,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> -lifeless and mangled, who a moment ago smiled -on the old flag that floated over them, and fought -for its glory and honor. Sprinkle ashes over the slippery -deck; the work must still go on. The rifled gun—my -best—is disabled, for three shots have struck it; the muzzle -is gone, the elevator is carried away and the carriage -is broken.</p> - -<p>Steady, men, steady; fill up the places of the killed -and wounded. Don't throw a shot away. The wheel -of the howitzer is torn off by the shell and the gun rendered -useless. Never mind; work the remaining guns -with a will, for we can and must be victorious. And so -the time wore away until the rising river promised to release -the imprisoned steamer, when I signaled to the light -steamer to move up and take her in tow. This duty was -gallantly performed, and the old Barney remained alone -under the rebel cannon. * * *</p> - -<p>My vessel is riddled with cannon balls and bullets, and -I have lost three killed and nine wounded—four of them -mortally—men who lost legs and arms. The loss on the -other vessels is proportionally severe. I am no braggart, -but I challenge the world to furnish a more determined -fight, or a victory more richly earned. The enemy -shall not cross here. I will not give way an inch. Even -now the thickets on the banks are alive with their sharpshooters, -and as I write, the quick whirr of the rifle bullet -is often heard, sent from the bank five hundred yards -ahead in the vain hope of injuring the hated Yankee. A -good providence seems to watch over my fortunes, tho'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> -I do not deserve its protection. I may go into action -again at any moment, probably tomorrow. I have every -confidence in my gallant crew and officers and do not -doubt the result if my life is spared. Love to all.</p> - -<p>In haste, Your affectionate son,</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Will</span>.</p> -</div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>After Gettysburg</em></h3> - - -<p>When General Lee crossed the Potomac on his -way to Gettysburg, William was called to Washington -to be ready for action in defense of the capital, -should it need defense. Hearing of his -brother's death on the night of its occurrence, he -obtained permission and left for the battlefield, intending -to ask the privilege of handling Alonzo's -guns, which undoubtedly he was perfectly capable -of doing. Those guns were out of the business, -however, and he had to satisfy himself with -looking through the field, of which he said long -afterwards, "My mind fails to bring up any picture -that is so grand, or solemn, or so mournful as -that great theater of death."</p> - -<p>A month afterwards, William was in command -of the "Shoboken," a former ferry boat made over -into a vessel well-adapted to the shallow waters<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> -of the Carolina coasts. With her he destroyed -the blockade runner "Hebe," after a fight with a -land battery.</p> - -<p>A few nights later he took a crew of six men -in a dingey, to a point on the beach four miles from -the mouth of the inlet which was separated from -the waters outside by a long and very narrow -stretch of sandbank. Here he and his men carried -the boat across the neck of land, and proceeded -with it up the inlet to the anchorage of another -blockade runner, where he took ten prisoners, -burned the vessel and some valuable salt -works, threw the shore armament into the water, -and returned by the same route, regaining the -"Shoboken" without loss of any kind.</p> - -<p>The next day, William rejoined the squadron -outside, which was engaged with a shore battery. -Landing with twenty men, he captured the battery -and took two rifled cannon back with him to the -squadron.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>The Destruction of the "Albemarle"</em></h3> - - -<p>As it is impossible to crowd into this sketch any -considerable proportion of the adventures of Lieu<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>tenant -Cushing, it seems best in illustration of the -extraordinary quality of his bravery, to proceed at -once to the narrative of his famous exploit in the -destruction of the Confederate ironclad "Albemarle," -which earned for him further promotion, -the engrossed thanks of Congress, and congratulatory -addresses from civic bodies in every part of -the North.</p> - -<p>This ironclad was built on the lines of the old -"Merrimac," and like the latter had met the fire of -our biggest guns without injury. In April, 1864, -she had attacked and recaptured the town of Plymouth, -situated near the head of Albemarle -Sound, eight miles above the place where the -Sound receives the waters of Roanoke River. -She had beaten off our fleet at that place, sunk its -principal boat, the "Southfield," and killed the -commander, Flusser, of whom we have spoken in -connection with an earlier conflict. In May, the -"Albemarle" steamed out into the Sound and simultaneously -engaged seven of our vessels, destroying -the "Sassacuse," which had unsuccessfully -tried to overwhelm her by ramming beneath -the water-line. The Union ironclads were not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> -light enough to cross the bar in front of the entrance -to the Sound, and the officers of our fleet -were much puzzled as to how to be rid of the annoyance.</p> - -<p>Cushing finally submitted two plans to Admiral -Lee, either of which had, he thought, a fair -chance of success. One was for him to take a -hundred men, with India-rubber boats ready for -inflation, lead them through the dense thickets of -the swamps adjoining Plymouth, and after inflating -the boats turn the sailors into a boarding party -that should overpower the "Albemarle's" crew. -The other was the one adopted, although with -many misgivings on the part of the admiral and of -the assistant secretary of the navy, Mr. Fox. It -looked like a modern repetition of the dramatic -episode of David and Goliath, and they permitted -themselves to hope that this youth of twenty-one -might have as good fortune as his Biblical predecessor. -In brief, it was arranged that William -should proceed to New York and select two very -small, low-pressure steamers, each carrying a howitzer -and a torpedo. These he was secretly to -convey along the coast to the Sound and there at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>tack -the big ironclad by night, in such manner as -might appear best when the time was ripe for action.</p> - -<p>The boats were secured. Each was about -thirty feet long and carried a 12-pound howitzer, -with a torpedo fastened to the end of a boom at -the bow, the boom being fourteen feet long and -supplied with a "goose-neck" hinge where it -rested on the bow. One of the boats was lost before -reaching Norfolk; but with the other Cushing -went through the Chesapeake and Albemarle -Canal to the Sound.</p> - -<p>Starting at midnight, he found the Union fleet -fifty miles up the Sound, expecting a visit from -the enemy's ironclad. Here he explained the -daring plan to his officers and men, and told them -they were at liberty to go with him or not, as they -might choose. All wished to go, and a few from -other vessels also volunteered. On the night of -October 27, the party steamed up the river.</p> - -<p>What happened thereafter, is told so tersely -by Cushing himself, in his formal report to Admiral -Porter, that it seems fair to use his own -words. Under date of October 30, he writes:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Sir: I have the honor to report that the rebel ironclad -Albemarle is at the bottom of the Roanoke river.</p> - -<p>On the night of the 27th, having prepared my steam -launch, I proceeded up towards Plymouth with thirteen -officers and men, partly volunteers from the squadron. -The distance from the mouth of the river to the ram is -about eight miles, the stream averaging in width some two -hundred yards, and lined with the enemy's pickets.</p> - -<p>A mile below the town was the wreck of the Southfield, -surrounded by some schooners, and it was understood -that a gun was mounted there to command the -bend. I therefore took one of the Shamrock's cutters in -tow, with orders to cast off and board at that point if we -were hailed.</p> - -<p>Our boat succeeded in passing the pickets, and even -the Southfield within twenty yards without discovery, and -we were not hailed until by the lookouts on the ram. -The cutter was cast off and ordered below, however, -while we made for our enemy under a full head of steam.</p> - -<p>The rebels sprang their rattles, rang the bell and commenced -firing, at the same time repeating their hail and -seeming much confused. The light of a fire ashore -showed me the ironclad, made fast to the wharf, with a -pen of logs around her, about 30 feet from her side. -Passing her closely, we made a complete circle so as to -strike her fairly, and went into her, bows on.</p> - -<p>By this time the enemy's fire was very severe, but a -dose of canister at short range served to moderate their -zeal and disturb their aim. Paymaster Swan of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> -Otsego was wounded near me, but how many more I -know not. Three bullets struck my clothing and the air -seemed full of them. In a moment we had struck the -logs, just abreast the quarter port, breasting them in some -feet, and our bows resting on them. The torpedo boom -was then lowered, and by a vigorous pull I succeeded in -driving the torpedo under the overhang, and exploded it -at the same time that the Albemarle's gun was fired. A -shot seemed to go crashing through my boat, and a dense -mass of water rushed in from the torpedo, filling the -launch and completely disabling her. The enemy then -continued his fire at fifteen feet range, and demanded our -surrender which I twice refused, ordering the men to save -themselves, and removing my own coat and shoes. -Springing into the river, I swam with others into the middle -of the stream, the rebels failing to hit us. The most -of our party were captured, some drowned, and only one -escaped besides myself, and he in a different direction.</p> - -<p>Acting Master's Mate Woodman, of the Commodore -Hull, I met in the water half a mile below the town and -assisted him as best I could, but failed to get him ashore. -Completely exhausted, I managed to reach the shore, but -was too weak to crawl out of the water until just at daylight, -when I managed to creep into the swamp, close to -the fort. While hiding a few feet from the path two of -the Albemarle's officers passed, and I judged from their -conversation that the ship was destroyed.</p> - -<p>Some hours traveling in the swamp served to bring me -out well below the town, when I sent a negro in to gain<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> -information, and found the ram was truly sunk. Proceeding -through another swamp, I came to a creek and -captured a skiff belonging to a picket of the enemy, and -with this by 11 o'clock the next night made my way out -to the Valley City. Acting Master's Mate William -Howarth of the Monticello showed as usual conspicuous -bravery. He is the same officer who has been with me -twice in Wilmington harbor. I trust he may be promoted -when exchanged, as well as Acting Third Assistant -Engineer Stotesbury, who, being for the first time under -fire, handled his engine promptly and with coolness. -All the officers and men behaved in the most gallant manner. -I will furnish their names to the Department as -soon as they can be procured.</p> - -<p>The cutter of the Shamrock boarded the Southfield, -but found no gun. Four prisoners were taken there. -The ram is now completely submerged, and the enemy -has sunk three schooners in the river to obstruct the passage -of our ships. I desire to call the attention of the admiral -and the Department to the spirit manifested by the -sailors on the ships in these sounds. But few men were -wanted, but all hands were eager to go into the action, -many offering their chosen shipmates a month's pay to resign -in their favor.</p> - -<p>I am, sir, very respectfully your obedient servant,</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">W. B. Cushing</span>,</p> - -<p class="right"><em>Lieutenant United States Navy</em>.</p> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></div> - -<p>So much by way of requisite and necessary formality -from an inferior officer who does something, -to a superior who has the right to know all about -what the other has been doing. Still, the young -man who has not yet attained the maturity of -twenty-two years discloses the ability on his part -to say clearly and concisely what conveys his -meaning, although not always in strict conformity -with rhetorical rules. Of course he does not present -himself as a candidate for honors in a class in -rhetoric; but he does possess the essential of success -in that direction also, if he cares for it. The -language that is for use, rather than for ornament, -is the language of lasting character.</p> - -<p>But from motives of modesty and discipline -combined, the lieutenant did not tell his superiors -in office all the items of fact that other people -would like to know. Matters of interest omitted -in the formal report, are noted in many cases in -Cushing's private journal, and that document was -handed over to Mrs. Harriet Prescott Spofford for -use in an extended magazine article.<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> From that -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>and other sources I will add somewhat to the story -told officially to the admiral.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <cite>Harper's Monthly</cite>, June, 1874.</p></div> - -<p>Cushing had a way of rapidly and judiciously -thinking for himself. On approaching near -enough to the "Albemarle" to make out her presence, -he concluded to board her and take her -down the river to the Union lines, trusting to the -confusion of a night surprise to help the daring -scheme to a successful issue. His view was correct; -but just as he was about to put it into execution -a challenge rang out from the ironclad, followed -by the rattle of musketry from the guards -who stood at their stations. Luckily for the assailants, -the flame of a bonfire of pine knots and -other light-wood flared upward, and Cushing saw -what without it he would have been unable to -see—a surrounding semicircular boom of logs, fastened -end-to-end by iron links and hooks, making -futile any attempt at boarding.</p> - -<p>He was standing on the deck, in full view of -the enemy, who were doing their best to kill him; -but the whistling bullets could not disturb the -quickness and accuracy of his judgment. In front -of him lay two signal lines, one of which was at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span>tached -to the engineer's ankle, and one to the arm -of the officer in charge of the torpedo beam—besides -other lines, one of which was arranged to -push the torpedo under the vessel to be attacked, -while still another was to explode the torpedo at -the supreme moment. A mistake in relation to -either of these would have been fatal to the undertaking.</p> - -<p>But Cushing made no mistake. On being signaled, -the engineer below backed the boat out into -the stream, and then headed straight on to the -middle of the line of logs, carrying the bow of the -launch partly over, so that the torpedo when let -down would be within reach of the ironclad. -The officer in charge of the sweep was then signaled, -and lowered the torpedo boom, which -Cushing caused to be crowded under the "Albemarle's" -side. Then he pulled a cord that released -a suspended iron ball, which in its turn fell -upon a percussion cap, thus exploding the infernal -machine and blowing a hole through the side of -the ram. To me, this perfection of action in the -midst of death-dealing missiles, seems almost beyond -the scope of mere human endeavor.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p> - -<p>Plenty of men in both armies could, without -flinching, march up to the mouths of cannon and -into a storm of bullets; but under such circumstances -as surrounded young Cushing when destroying -the "Albemarle," such an exhibition of -coolness absolutely imperturbable was neither seen -nor imagined by me, in what I saw of the War. -I doubt much if there ever was a parallel instance. -Possibly the exploits of the elder brother, Alonzo, -at Gettysburg, were as remarkable; but if so, they -lacked a minute chronicler. With the latter, no -complicated calculations nor deliberate weighing -of comparative probabilities were apparently -necessary to be employed, in order to accomplish -what he wanted to do. Although among the -bravest of the brave, it is not shown that Alonzo -was in every respect as unquestionably the complete -master in battle, of the lesser, equally with -the greatest, of his mental faculties as was the case -with his younger brother. William was as alert, -resourceful, indefatigable as he might have been at -a game of whist, or in the solution of a mathematical -problem in the quietude of his chamber.</p> - -<p>But escape from the Southern soldiery at Ply<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>mouth -was purchased at the price of misery—and, -ten years later, of a lamentable death. In a published -paper by him, he refers to his experience in -the river, after the explosion of the torpedo:<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> <cite>Battles and Leaders of the Civil War</cite> (N. Y., Century -Co., 1884-88), vol. 4, p. 638.</p></div> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>I directed my course towards the town side of the river, -not making much headway, as my strokes were now very -feeble, my clothes being soaked and heavy, and little -chop-seas splashing with a chocking persistence into my -mouth every time that I gasped for breath. Still there -was a determination not to sink, a will not to give up; and -I kept up a sort of mechanical motion long after my -bodily force was in fact expended. At last, and not a -moment too soon, I touched the soft mud, and in the excitement -of the first shock I half raised my body and made -one step forward; then fell, and remained half in the mud -and half in the water until daylight, unable even to crawl -on hands and knees, nearly frozen, with brain in a whirl, -but with one thing strong in me—the fixed determination -to escape. The prospect of drowning, starvation, death -in the swamps—all seemed less evils than that of surrender.</p></div> - -<p>At twenty-two, one does not think of remote -consequences, but human constitutions are not so -made up as to remain uninjured by such violent -usage. The commander of the "Albemarle," -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>Captain A. F. Warley, contributed the following -note to Cushing's paper, which should not be -omitted here, in the interest of fairness:<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> <em>Ibid</em>, p. 642.</p></div> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>The crew of the Albemarle numbered but sixty, too -small a force to allow me to keep an armed watch on deck -at night and to do outside picketing besides. Moreover, -to break the monotony of the life and keep down ague, I -had always out an exhibition of ten men, who were uniformly -successful in doing a fair amount of damage to -the enemy. It was about 3 a. m. The night was dark -and slightly rainy, and the launch was close to us when -we hailed and the alarm was given—so close that the gun -could not be depressed enough to reach her; so the crew -were sent in the shield with muskets, and kept up a heavy -fire on the launch as she slowly forced her way over the -chain of logs and ranged by us within a few feet. As -she reached the bow of the Albemarle I heard a report -as of an unshotted gun, and a piece of wood fell at my -feet. Calling the carpenter, I told him a torpedo had -been exploded, and ordered him to examine and report to -me, saying nothing to any one else. He soon reported "a -hole in her bottom big enough to drive a wagon in." By -this time I heard voices from the launch: "We surrender," -etc., etc. I stopped our fire and sent out Mr. Long, who -brought back all those who had been in the launch, except -the gallant captain and three of her crew, all of -whom took to the water. Having seen to their safety, I -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span>turned my attention to the Albemarle, and found her resting -on bottom in eight feet of water, her upper works -above water. That is the way the Albemarle was destroyed, -and a more gallant thing was not done during the -war.</p></div> - -<p>A special message came from President Lincoln, -recommending a vote of thanks by Congress, -so that the young hero might be advanced to the -grade of lieutenant-commander. This was immediately -followed by the vote requested, and by -his promotion to that rank, under the law providing -"That any line officer of the Navy or Marine -Corps may be advanced one grade, if upon recommendation -of the President by name he receives -the thanks of Congress for highly distinguished -conduct in conflict with the enemy, or for extraordinary -heroism in the lines of his profession." -The importance, as well as the "highly distinguished" -character, of the exploit with the "Albemarle" -may be understood when it is learned -that not only were the Carolina Sounds thereafter -free to all such of our vessels as were of sufficiently -light draft, but the town of Plymouth fell a few -days later also, without a struggle. Even Cushing's -coat, which he had cast off when he leaped<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> -from the launch into the river, was returned to him. -The back of it was shot away, and there were -other bullet holes through it; but a gold chain remained -safely sewed under the collar, where he -had caused it to be placed in honor of the girl to -whom it belonged.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>At Fort Fisher and Afterwards</em></h3> - - -<p>After this promotion, Cushing took command -of the admiral's flagship, the "Malvern," and in -December was engaged in the operations at Fort -Fisher, where in various attempts to capture that -stronghold, so many failures had been recorded -against both our army and navy. In an open skiff -there, he performed a service as perilous as before, -although less spectacular. This was the -buoying the channel for the fleet, which task occupied -him for about six hours under a shower of -shot and shell from the fort.</p> - -<p>On January 12, 1865, the bombardment was -resumed from sixty vessels, and after three days -of that exercise an assault was ordered, in which -Lieutenant-Commander Cushing was permitted -to take part. It proved to be one of the bloodiest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> -little affrays of the war. Two of his classmates -at Annapolis, Lieutenants B. H. Porter and S. -W. Preston, were killed by his side; which caused -him, he said, the bitterest tears he had ever shed. -No other officer being near him, he rallied a few -hundred men and was about to resume the assault, -when he received orders to join the land forces under -General Ames. He then had the satisfaction -of witnessing the surrender of the fort before midnight.</p> - -<p>After the works had been taken, Cushing proceeded -to round up all the pilots in the vicinity, -and by threatening to hang them procured all -necessary information about the signals used for -the guidance of the blockade runners who were in -the habit of coming in at that point. Within four -or five days, one of that class, the "Charlotte," -commanded by a British ex-naval officer, steamed -up to her anchorage, bringing two English army -officers as well as a valuable cargo of arms and -ammunition. Gratified at their successful trip, -the officers were enjoying a banquet in honor of -the event. Cushing, who liked surprises, stepped -into the cabin and informed them that they were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> -prisoners, but that he would join them in a glass -of the champagne with which the table was -loaded. The Englishmen made the best of the -predicament, but the feast was interrupted by the -announcement that another steamer, the "Stag," -was coming up the river, whereupon their young -captor excused himself to attend to the fresh arrival.</p> - -<p>The war was now practically over, and during -the few additional months of its continuance no -further adventures appear to Cushing's credit. In -1867 he was given command of the "Maumee," -and attached to the Pacific squadron, where life -was no longer strenuous. On January 31, 1872, -he was made full commander, and in July, 1873, -placed in charge of the "Wyoming." In November -of the same year he heard of the execution of -several of the crew of the insurgent vessel, "Virginius," -at Santiago de Cuba. Steaming for that -port without orders, he stopped the executions, -pending instructions from Spain by which they -were entirely discontinued.</p> - -<p>The following year, and the day before Cushing's -untimely death (at Washington, December<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> -17, 1874), the "Virginius" was handed over to -the United States authorities. For three days, -without medical attendance, the young commander -had suffered indescribable tortures from -sciatic inflammation. The servants in the house -at last recognized the serious character of his ailment, -and called a physician. Soon the inflammation -reached the patient's brain, and he was removed -to the government hospital for the insane, -where, universally lamented, he expired some -days later.</p> - -<p>Of this young hero's personal appearance we -have his own statement. In an early letter to his -cousin he says that he was "tall and slim." In -one of his published letters the poet Longfellow -described his face as of a beauty resembling Schiller's. -Since all of the foregoing was written, -however, I have received from the widow of Commander -Cushing (still living with their two -daughters at Fredonia, New York), a letter containing -a description of him so admirably lifelike -that I am glad to reproduce it in full. For reasons -appearing elsewhere, however, it would seem -that her recollection of what she heard forty years<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> -ago as to Alonzo's stature is not so perfect as her -remembrance of her husband. She writes under -date of January 1, 1910:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><em>Mr. Theron W. Haight</em>,</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">My Dear Sir</span>: Your letters of kind inquiry regarding -Commander Cushing's personal appearance, height, -etc., have unavoidably remained too long unanswered. I -trust you will pardon the delay, and that the information -I send will be satisfactory and not too late for your -use.</p> - -<p>I met Mr. Cushing for the first time in the late spring -of 1867—a few months before I acted as bridesmaid at -his sister's wedding.</p> - -<p>Mr. Cushing was tall, slender and very erect. His -movements easy and graceful, at the same time indicating -force and strength. His head was well poised, his look -clear, direct, and steady. His features were regular and -clear cut, with a fascinating expression about the mouth -when he smiled which attracted one's attention to that -feature. His hair was of a medium brown, soft, fine, -dark, and straight, without a suggestion of curl. His -rather delicate mustache was of a lighter brown, suggestive -of golden lights, never of reddish tints.</p> - -<p>His animation and enthusiasm in conversation lent a -glow to his light, blue-gray eyes that made them seem -dark. His brilliant mind was expressed in choice and -facile diction—he was a fluent and charming writer. All -his impulses were fine, noble. He was generous to a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> -fault, tender and affectionate, and exemplified the sentiment,</p> -<div class="center"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">The bravest are the tenderest;<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The loving are the daring.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> -<p>What he achieved and lived through in the Civil War, -the perilous tasks he assumed and accomplished for his -country in her time of greatest danger, form a background -from which his figure stands out in vivid relief. It beams -with his indomitable courage and is gilded with his heroic -character.</p> - -<p>I have often heard Mr. Cushing speak of his brother -Alonzo, who was two years his senior and two inches -taller. My husband was exactly six feet without shoes. -They were as intimate and devoted as girls, and quite the -opposite in manner and speech, I should say.</p> - -<p>Alonzo and Howard I never saw, but the picture of -the former stands out in my mind as a tall, gentle, dark-haired, -reticent man (he was only 22 when he died), as -against the younger, more lively and more impressionable -brother.</p> - -<p>When I became acquainted with Mr. Cushing, he -seemed to have become the head of the family. I mean -that he assumed and bore the responsibility of the family. -He had been more fortunate in financial matters and was -therefore in a position to help all the others, which he did -on occasions with the most open-handed liberality.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 496px;"> -<img src="images/i109.jpg" width="496" height="700" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><p><span class="smcap">William Barker Cushing</span></p> - -<p>From oil portrait (1865) by A. Bradish.</p> - -<p>See Mrs. Cushing's letter, p. 87.</p></div> -</div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p> -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Alonzo died at Gettysburg in '63, long before I knew -the family. Howard was killed by the Apaches after I -was married. I well remember what a shock it was to -my husband, and how he grieved for him, and tried to -comfort his mother, obtaining all possible details of his -brilliant service and lamentable death in Arizona through -correspondence with the commanding general and officers, -and with the War Department at Washington.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>I wish to thank you most cordially for the fine photogravure -you sent. It arrived in excellent condition. It -is an admirable copy of the Bradish portrait, which we -have, but the portrait itself does not seem correctly proportioned -on the side turned away, being a trifle too broad -under the eye, and so represents the face as too pointed. -The photo shows it more clearly than the painting. My -criticism of the portrait, however, does not affect your -fine copy or the kindness that prompted you to send it. -I thank you sincerely for it.</p> - -<p>I wish also to thank you for the work you are doing, -and trust your history of the <cite>Three Wisconsin Cushings</cite> -will be admirable in every way, and fully meet your own -expectations, as well as receive the merited reward of the -approbation of the State Historical Society and of the -public.</p> - -<p class="center">Respectfully yours,</p> -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Kate L. Cushing</span>.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Forest Place, Fredonia, N. Y.</span></p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>Howard Cushing With the Artillery</em></h3> - - -<p>Of Howard Cushing, the attainable memorials -are very meagre. Indeed, whatever may have -been the achievements of a private soldier in a volunteer -regiment in war time, they are not commonly -mentioned in official reports. In the case -of Howard it is only apparent on the face of the -records of the Illinois regiment with which he -served, that his conduct there was at least sufficiently -creditable to warrant his promotion (November -30, 1863) to a second lieutenancy in the -regular artillery.</p> - -<p>His claim to distinction was not made conspicuously -emphatic during his artillery service. -However, it is probable that this was due rather -to circumstances than to any failure on his part to -do what might be done by a soldier of very high -class under the conditions which he found after -entering the regular service. At his own request -he was assigned to Battery A of the Fourth, in -which his brother Alonzo lost his life. But he -had not the <em>éclat</em> with which his brother was signalized -on his graduation from West Point; moreover, -the fact that Sergeant Fuger, now an officer -in the same organization, had also served as an -enlisted man, did not tend to keep it at the same -level, in the esteem of other regular officers, as -would have been the case had one of the two, at -least, arrived at his position by way of the Academy. -It may be that the exclusiveness here noted -tends to the general advantage of the army, but -not unlikely it is somewhat depressing to appointees -from the ranks.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 441px;"> -<img src="images/i113.jpg" width="441" height="700" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"> - -<div class="invisiblequot"> - -<p>allow me to see home again -for a few days, it will be a -very happy time for me. <em>Our</em> -campaign is ended and we are -in Summer quarters, there is -nothing down here for us to -fight. Blair, our division -commander, has gone up the -river, and I don't know as -he will command the division -any more or not. Please to -write to me at once, and tell -me how things are working. I -shall be very anxious. And, -my dear brother, if I get the -position it shall be my endeavor -so to fill it, as to satisfy the -government and my friends, -and now with the hope of -hearing from you soon, and -with my best love to Will.</p> - -<p>I remain</p> - -<p class="right">Your affec. Brother</p> - -<p>Howard Cushing</p> -</div> - -<p>Facsimile of part of letter from Howard B. Cushing to his brother Milton; -dated August 6, 1863</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p> - -<p>At all events, what happened to Battery A after -Howard's assignment to duty with it was, that -it was kept in camp near Brandy Station, Virginia, -until the following March. Then it was attached -to the second division of the cavalry corps -of the Army of the Potomac, and took part in -Sheridan's battles at Mine Run, Virginia (May -3, 1864), at Todd's Tavern (May 4), at -Meadow Bridge (May 6), at Yellow Tavern, -where General "Jeb" Stuart was killed in front -of Howard's section (May 11), at Strawberry -Hill (May 13), and at Hawes's Shop the same -day. In these battles Howard commanded a -section of two three-inch guns. The losses of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> -battery in those fights were so considerable that it -was, in the latter part of May, sent back to Washington -to recuperate, remaining there until after -the conclusion of the war, with the exception hereinafter -mentioned.</p> - -<p>After its transfer to the capital, the last experience -of the battery in hostilities came very near -proving serious. Early's raid into Maryland occurred -shortly after the first of July. On the ninth -he fought a battle with a Union force on the Monocacy, -in which he was victorious, and headed -for Washington, then defended by only about -5,000 soldiers. Battery A was then at Fort Totten, -near Bladensburg, where the ranking officer -was a captain of one hundred-day troops from -Ohio, and of course in command. He seems, -nevertheless, to have had good discretion, and before -making any movement in the way of defense -requested the advice of the seasoned officers under -him. Late on the tenth, soldiers of the Veteran -Reserve Corps from the city, accompanied by -clerks from the departments and convalescents -from the hospitals, swarmed out to the outer line<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> -of earthworks and manned the rifle-pits stretching -along between the forts.</p> - -<p>The next day, Confederate cavalry came into -sight and the smoke of burning houses behind -them told the sort of work they were doing. In -the afternoon, Confederate infantry appeared, but -stopped after forming in line of battle. On the -twelfth they began moving before sunrise, and -were met by shells from the forts—among others, -three 100-pound Parrott guns, handled by the -men of Battery A, being brought into action. -There was also infantry fighting, but not of a serious -character. Towards night the Sixth Corps -of the Union army, which had been brought up -the river on transports, began to arrive at the earthworks, -and no further danger was feared. Advancing -in line of battle it was found that the Confederates -were now in retreat; but if they had not -been so cautious the day before, it is probable that -Early's 18,000 tried soldiers would have made -their way into Washington, and inflicted the most -humiliating disaster of the war.</p> - -<p>Late in the fall, the senior lieutenant of the battery -being absent on leave, Lieutenant Cushing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span> -was ordered to take the men and guns to Elmira, -New York, to assist in guarding the prison pen at -that place. There, about 12,000 Confederates -were confined, in charge of a regiment of short-term -men, undisciplined and unaware of the responsibilities -of their position. The prisoners -were in consequence unruly and often uproarious.</p> - -<p>The day after his arrival, Cushing went with -his second in command, Lieutenant Frank Wilkeson, -to inspect the outer lines of the camp, and was -assailed with jeers and howls of contempt by the -prisoners. Quick action was needed. Cushing -gave the Confederates the following talk, reported<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> -to have been delivered in a low, clear -voice, in terms far from polite, but nevertheless effective, -for no further trouble was experienced:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Frank Wilkeson, <cite>Recollections of a Private Soldier in -the Army of the Potomac</cite> (N. Y., 1887), pp. 223, 224.</p></div> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>See here ——, ——, ——! I am just up from the front, -where I have been killing such infernal wretches as you -are. I have met you in twenty battles. I never lost a -gun to you. You never drove a battery I served with -from its position. You are a crowd of insolent, cowardly -scoundrels, and if I had command of this prison I would -discipline you, or kill you, and I should much prefer to -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span>kill you. I have brought a battery of United States artillery -to this pen, and if you give me occasion I will be -glad to dam that river [pointing to the Chemung] with -your worthless carcasses, and silence your insolent tongues -forever. I fully understand that you are presuming on -your position as prisoners of war when you talk to me as -you have; but [and here his hand shook warningly in the -faces of the group], you have reached the end of your -rope with me. I will kill the first man of you who again -speaks insultingly to me while I am in this pen, and I -shall be here daily. Now, go to your quarters!</p></div> - -<p>The release of all prisoners of war, in 1865, -made unnecessary the further presence of cannon -at Elmira. Cushing thereupon returned to Washington. -His entire organization was dismounted, -and early in 1866 assigned to duty as heavy artillery -at Fort Meyer, across the river from -Georgetown, D. C. It may well be imagined -that the new service, consisting principally of drilling -recruits, would not be much to the taste of the -dashing young lieutenant who was now in his -twenty-eighth year, full of life and vigor, a lover -of literature and art, but above all imbued with -the desire to write his name by the side of those of -his brothers, whose services to their country were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> -worthy of a permanent place on the tablets of the -Nation's memory.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>Transferred to the Cavalry</em></h3> - - -<p>It was not until he had completed his twenty-ninth -year that Howard obtained a transfer to the -cavalry, which was then engaged in subduing Indians, -the only warlike enterprise then in operation. -On September 7, 1867, he became second-lieutenant -of troop F of the Third cavalry, probably -with reasonable certainty of early promotion, -for about three months later he received a commission -as first lieutenant.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 476px;"> -<img src="images/i121.jpg" width="476" height="700" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><p><span class="smcap">Alonzo Hersford Cushing</span></p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p> - -<p>From the border annals, it would appear that -thenceforward he was practically commander of -his troop. So closely identified was he with it, -that what the troop did was credited to Cushing, -and what Cushing did was the pride and the boast -of the troop. In captivating the hearts of his followers, -Howard displayed a power and quality -of bravery much resembling that of his brothers. -Captain Bourke, who served with him as junior -lieutenant, in the same troop, frankly stated in private -conversation that Howard Cushing was the -bravest man he ever saw; and repeated for emphasis, -"I mean just that—the bravest man I ever -saw." In Bourke's volume,<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> he writes to like -effect, although not in the identical language -above quoted. One among his many allusions to -Cushing is given in the "Appreciations" preceding -the present narrative; but there are others, expressed -with nearly as strong emphasis—for instance, -a list of the able and gallant officers who -had helped clear Arizona of Apaches is recited, -with the conclusion: "They were all good men -and true, but if there were any choice among them -I am sure that the verdict, if left to those soldiers -themselves, would be in favor of Cushing." In -a burst of indignation, after speaking of the lieutenant's -"determination, coolness and energy, -which had made his name famous all over the -southwestern border," Bourke adds: "There is an -alley named after him in Tucson, and there is, or -was when last I saw it, a tumble-down, worm-eaten -board to mark his grave, and that was all to -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span>show where the great American nation had deposited -the remains of one of its bravest."</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> John G. Bourke, <cite>On the Border with Crook</cite> (N. Y., -1891).</p></div> - -<p>Cushing's first cavalry service of distinction was -in western Texas, from which he drove the savages -in 1869. The next spring, after a cruel massacre -by the Indians of a party of thirty white men -and women on their way to work at a private -ranch, he was selected to head an expedition for -the punishment of the murderers. Patiently -searching for every indication of the trails of the -Indians, he found their camp one night, and the -following morning surprised and destroyed them, -almost to the last man. They were said to have -the more easily succumbed to the attack, from having -drunk a quantity of patent medicines taken -from the baggage of their earlier victims. This -stuff was composed mostly of what the distillers -call "high wines," containing a large percentage -of crude alcohol.</p> - -<p>On returning to Camp Grant the troop rested -for a short time, and then started on an extended -expedition touching the Sierra Apache and Mesquite -Springs—losing only one man, the blacksmith, -in the course of the trip, and inflicting no<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> -great injury on the Indians. Other expeditions -followed, about as fruitless; but towards the end -of summer the headquarters were moved fifty-five -miles west to Tucson, which had not then acquired -fame as a mining centre. It was, however, -noted as being the capital of Arizona and one of -the dirtiest of little Spanish-American towns. -The camp was on the eastern border of the village, -and the Apaches were in the habit of coming -up to its close neighborhood to steal and drive -away live stock. Even after the arrival of Cushing's -troop, the savages had shown strong tendencies -towards mischief, seriously wounding one of -his men. Later they simultaneously attacked -wagon trains and widely-separated settlements, -thus confusing the calculations of our officers. As -a crowning exploit they carried away a herd of -cattle from Tucson itself, and followed that -achievement by the killing of a stage-mail rider -and the massacre of a party of Mexicans on their -way to Sonora.</p> - -<p>During the time when these events occurred, -Cushing kept his troop hard at work and extirpated -many of the hostile Indians—how many, is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> -not stated in any work of which I have knowledge. -Cochise, chief of the Chiricahua clan of Apaches -(and predecessor of Geronimo), finally came into -camp as winter drew nigh, and claimed that he -wanted peace and a resting-place on the reservation. -He had already been fighting the white -people for fourteen years, and had tried every -trick upon his enemies save this. Cushing vainly -protested against coddling the wily chief during -cold weather, to suffer from his depredations when -warmth should again prevail. Cochise was taken -care of all winter; and before May, 1871, was on -the warpath with Cushing close after him. On -May 5th the lieutenant was at the head of a reconnoitering -party of twenty-two men at Bear -Springs, in the Whetstone Mountains, about fifty -miles southeasterly from Tucson, and twenty-five -southwesterly from the site of the present town of -Benson.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3><em>Death of the Young Cavalryman</em></h3> - - -<p>Cushing was riding at the head of the party -with three soldiers and a citizen or two near him, -when Sergeant John Mott saw movements of some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span> -Apaches who were trying to get to the rear of the -detachment. He sent word to the lieutenant, inducing -him to fall back, although already engaged -with an ambush of Cochise's followers in front. -The latter had succeeded in entirely surrounding -the little party, and Cushing, with four at his side, -were all slain before they could get back to the -rest of their party.</p> - -<p>Sylvester Maury, a graduate of West Point—pioneer -miner, and author of a classic of modern -Arizona, entitled <cite>Arizona and Sonora</cite>—in a -letter to the New York <cite>Herald</cite> shortly after Cushing's -death, boldly charged the catastrophe to the -foolish policy then prevailing, of dealing with the -Indians of the Southwest. Under this policy, the -ravages of the enemy were promoted by feeding -them up well during any intervals when they -might feel like taking a rest from assassination and -plunder. He added:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Now we have the result. There is not a hostile tribe -in Arizona or New Mexico, that will not celebrate the -killing of Cushing as a great triumph. He was a beau -sabreur, an unrelenting fighter; and although the Indians -have got him at last, he sent before him a long proces<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span>sion -of them to open his path to the undiscovered country. -* * * He has left behind him in Arizona a -name that will not die in this generation.</p></div> - -<p>As a comment on the foregoing, I need only say -that in response to my request, at an Arizona newspaper -office a few weeks ago, for some special information -regarding Howard Cushing, I was told -that the writer had "never heard of the party inquired -after." <i lang="la">Sic transit gloria mundi</i>, making -very rapid time in the transit, in many of the modern -instances. Nevertheless, Arizona has taken -enough care of Cochise's name to attach it to one -of her large counties.</p> - -<p>Howard's death occurred more than three-and-a-half -years before that of William; but I fancy -that the acts and sayings of the latter at the time -of his brother's demise were such as to indicate -something in the nature of nervous affection. -Mrs. Bouton informs me that it was difficult to dissuade -him from a project that he had in mind, to -go into the frontier service himself and there take -vengeance on Howard's slayers. On first hearing -of the fatality he had been unable to refrain -from tears, even after reaching the office of a com<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span>mercial -bank. Before leaving the place, he wrote -the following letter to his brother Milton:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>THE BLACKSTONE NATIONAL BANK, BOSTON,</p> - -<p class="right"><em>May 15th, 1871.</em></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">My only and very dear Brother</span>: With a -heart full of agony I write to you of our terrible misfortune. -Dear, brave "Howie" is no more. I saw the -news in the paper at 8 a. m. in the country this morning, -and hastened in to break it to Mother. <em>Poor, dear</em> little -Ma! Her heart is almost broken. Oh! <em>dear</em> old fellow—we -are left alone now—the last of four; and let us -swear to stand by each other and our noble Mother in -all things. Let our old boyhood and vows come back -with full force and meaning, and let us cling together in -truest and most unselfish love and friendship. I long for -you, <em>dear</em> brother—for a clasp of your true, honest hand, -and the comfort of one glance into your eyes. How -much it would comfort Mother to see you before you go! -Tomorrow I take her with me into the Country where we -are living. I am in delightful quarters, and shall take -good care of little Ma. God bless her! Kate [the -writer's wife] is like a real daughter to her; and I thank -Heaven that she was not alone in Mary's absence. [Referring -to the present Mrs. Bouton, whose name was Mary -Isabel, the "Mary" having since been dropped by her.]</p> - -<p><em>Dear</em> old fellow—we must be doubly loving and attentive -to little Ma now. Write often to her. One thing is -certain of her Sons; they can not be beaten. You can kill<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> -but not conquer them. A beautiful tribute was paid to -Lon by the General of his brigade at the great Army of -the Potomac meeting here. He described his wonderful, -superhuman bravery. How he demanded—white -with loss of blood—to go again to the front. The General -said, "You have done all that mortal can do; attend -now to your wounds." Lon answered, "No, I will fall -by my guns." He selected Allie as the only one to especially -eulogize, God bless the brave boys! I can almost -see their meeting—the handclasp of two who gave -up life for duty; and Father, joined by his noble Sons, -proudly and tenderly embracing them.</p> - -<p>God bless you, dear brother! Don't lose love for me. -We are alone now. My tears are falling so that I can -scarcely see. Good bye.</p> - -<p>With all his heart your loving brother</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Will</span>.</p> -</div> - -<p>The story of these noble sons of Wisconsin -might properly be concluded with the foregoing -letter; but for the satisfaction of those who may -wish to have a good idea of the personal appearance -of the young cavalryman, I will add the description -given by Captain Bourke:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>He was about five feet seven in height, spare, sinewy, -active as a cat; slightly stoop-shouldered, sandy complexioned, -keen gray or bluish gray eyes, which looked -you through when he spoke and gave a slight hint of the -determination, coolness and energy which had made his -name famous all over the southwestern border.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 557px;"> -<img src="images/i131.jpg" width="557" height="700" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"> - -<div class="invisiblequot"> - -<p>Kate is like a pal daughter to her and I -thank Heaven that she was not alone in Macy's -absence. <em>Dear</em> old fellow it must be -doubly boring and attrition to little Ma now. -Write often to her—One thing is certain -of her Son—they can not be beaten. You care -kill but not conquer them. A beautiful -tribute was paid to Lon by the General of his -brigade at the great Army of Potomac awaiting -here. He described his wonderful, super human -bravery. How he demanded—white with loss of blood—to -go again to the front. The General said 'You have -done all that mortal can do—attend now to your wounds.' -Lon answered "No. I will fall by my guns." -He selected Allie as the only one to especially -eulogize. God bless the brave boys! I can almost -see their meeting the hand clasp of two who gave -up life for duty, and Father, joined by his -noble Sons proudly and tenderly embracing them.</p> - -<p>God bless you—dear brother! Don't lose love -for me—We are alone now—My tears are -falling so that I can scarcely see—Good bye.</p> - -<p> -With all his heart<br /> -<br /> -Your loving Brother<br /> -<br /> -Will.<br /> -</p> -</div> - -<p>Facsimile of part of letter from William B. Cushing to his brother Milton; -dated May 15, 1871</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p> - -<p>So long as such men can be produced in the republic, -there is little danger of its decline and fall. -Without such, or men of stamina approximating -to their standard, our country would be likely to -meet the fate of its predecessors, and become the -prey of stronger peoples. It would therefore be -foolish indeed to withhold from our fighting men -the honor and the more substantial rewards which -tend to encourage bravery and, when necessary, -the upholding of our national solidarity by force -of arms. To a considerable degree this is accomplished -by our national pension system; but that is -faulty, in respect that it makes no distinction, as to -the amount of his quarterly stipend, between a -four-years' fighting soldier and a ninety-days' -malingerer in or about hospitals.</p> - -<p>That it was difficult to provide for advancement -in the army, in accordance with desert, is -evident from the fact that Howard Cushing served -as a private soldier in the same battery for twenty -months. That was, indeed, keeping talent hid<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span>den -in a very inconspicuous napkin. It may be -that such bad fortune was unavoidable on the -whole, and that a just grading of pensions would -be still more difficult to attain than logically-just -promotions in the army. At all events, it is clear -to me that whatever does tend most effectually to -keep alive in our citizenship such devotion to the -country as to make men willing to strive to the uttermost -and to die for its sake, is what ought to -be practised—and where possible, improved.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>INDEX</h2> - - - -<ul id="index"><li class="ifrst">"Adelaide", <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> - -<li>"Albemarle", <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>-80.</li> - -<li>Albemarle Sound, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>-70.</li> - -<li>Ames, Gen. Adelbert, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li> - -<li>Apache Indians, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in Arizona, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>-100.</li> - -<li>Arlington, Alonzo Cushing at, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li> - -<li>Armistead, Gen. Lewis A., <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Battles: Antietam, Alonzo Cushing at, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Bailey's Cross Roads, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Blackburn's Ford, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Bull Run, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Chancellorsville, <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Fitzhugh's Crossing, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Fredericksburg, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Gettysburg, <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>-45, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Hawes's Shop, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Long Bridge, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Marye's Heights, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Meadow Bridge, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Mine Run, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Salem Heights, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Spottsylvania Court House, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Strawberry Hill, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Todd's Tavern, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Wilderness, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Yellow Tavern, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li>Bear Springs (Ariz.), <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</li> - -<li>Black Hawk, Sauk leader, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li> - -<li>Bladensburg (Md.), <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li> - -<li>Bourke, John G., <a href="#Page_xi">xi</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>-96, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> - -<li>Bouton, Isabel Cushing, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li> - -<li>Brandy Station (Va.), <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li>Brookfield, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li> - -<li>Burnside, Gen. Ambrose, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">"Cambridge", <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li> - -<li>Castleman, Dr. A. L., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li> - -<li>Centerville (Va.), <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</li> - -<li>"Charlotte", <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li> - -<li>Chase, Salmon P., <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li> - -<li>Chiricahua Indians, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</li> - -<li>Cochise, Apache chief, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>-100.</li> - -<li>"Colorado", <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li> - -<li>"Commodore Barney", <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li>"Commodore Hull", <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> - -<li>Couch, Gen. Darius N., <a href="#Page_41">41</a>. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span></li> -<li>Cushing, Alonzo H., born, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">youth, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>-26;</li> -<li class="isub1">at West Point, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Washington, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Long Bridge, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Arlington, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">with Gen. Sumner, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">McClellan, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Fredericksburg, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">on furlough, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Fitzhugh's Crossing, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Spottsylvania Court House, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>:</li> -<li class="isub1">Salem and Marye's Heights, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Wilderness, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">with Hooker, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Hancock, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Gettysburg, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>-50, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>-57, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">death, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">personal appearance, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">record, <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appreciations, <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>-57;</li> -<li class="isub1">facsimile of letter, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">portrait, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Howard B., born, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">youth, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>-16;</li> -<li class="isub1">enlisted, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">promoted, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">with Sheridan in Virginia, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in Washington, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Elmira (N. Y.), <a href="#Page_91">91</a>-93;</li> -<li class="isub1">Fort Meyer, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">joined cavalry, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in Arizona and Texas, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>-98;</li> -<li class="isub1">expedition against Cochise, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">killed, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">personal appearance, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">record, <a href="#Page_xi">xi</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appreciation, <a href="#Page_xi">xi</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">facsimile of letter, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">portrait, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Kate L., <a href="#Page_84">84</a>-87, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Mary Barker Smith, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>-19, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Mary Isabel, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Milton, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Milton Buckingham, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>-21.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Rachel Buckingham, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>-8, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">children of, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Walter, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, William Barker, born, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">youth, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>-26;</li> -<li class="isub1">at naval academy, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">on "Minnesota", <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">"Colorado", <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">"Cambridge", <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">"Perry", <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">"Ellis", <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">burned "Adelaide", <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Jacksonville, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">on "Commodore Barney", <a href="#Page_62">62</a>-66;</li> -<li class="isub1">"Shoboken", <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">destroys "Albemarle", <a href="#Page_69">69</a>-81;</li> -<li class="isub1">promotion, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Fort Fisher, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>-83;</li> -<li class="isub1">on "Maumee", <a href="#Page_83">83</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">"Wyoming", <a href="#Page_83">83</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">death, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">personal appearance, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>-87;</li> -<li class="isub1">letter on Howard's death, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">record, <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a>-xiv; appreciations, <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">facsimile of letter, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>; portrait, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> - -<li>Cushing, Zattu, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>-5.</li> - -<li>Cushing family, <a href="#Page_i">i</a>n New England, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in New York, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>-8;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Milwaukee, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>-13, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">removal to Waukesha County, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>-15;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Chicago, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>-20;</li> -<li class="isub1">in Ohio, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Fredonia (N. Y.), <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Delafield, ——, town named for, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> - -<li>Delafield, Cushings at, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>-19.</li> - -<li>"Delaware Farmer", <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li> - -<li>Dousman, Mrs. Talbot C., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Early, Gen. Jubal, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li> - -<li>East Troy, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></li> -<li>Edwards, Francis S., <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li> - -<li>Edwards, Mary B., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li>"Ellis", <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> - -<li>Elmira (N. Y.), Howard Cushing at, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>-93.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Finance, Continental currency, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</li> - -<li>Fitchburg (Mass.), Milton B. Cushing at, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> - -<li>Flusser, Com. Charles W., <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</li> - -<li>Forts: Fisher, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Meyer, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Totten, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li> - -<li>Franklin, Gen. William B., <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li> - -<li>Franklin (Va.), <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> - -<li>Fredonia (N. Y.), Cushings at, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li> - -<li>Frisby, Russell, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> - -<li>Fuger, Sergt. Frederick, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>-55, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Gallipolis (Ohio), Dr. Milton Cushing at, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</li> - -<li>Gaps: Manassas, <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Thoroughfare, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> - -<li>Geronimo, Apache chief, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Hall, Col. George B., <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</li> - -<li>Hampton Roads, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li>Hancock, Gen. Winfield S., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</li> - -<li>"Hartford", <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>.</li> - -<li>Hawks, N. P., <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</li> - -<li>Haymarket (Va.), <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> - -<li>"Hebe", <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li> - -<li>Hooker, Gen. Joseph, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</li> - -<li>Horton, Julia G., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> - -<li>Hosmer, G. S., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Jacksonville (N. C.), <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Lakes: Nagawicka, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Nemahbin, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Pewaukee, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li> - -<li>"Lancaster", <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>.</li> - -<li>Lee, Gen. Robert E., <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li>Lee, Admiral S. P., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</li> - -<li>Lincoln, Abraham, <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a>, xv, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">McClellan, Gen. George B., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li> - -<li>Madison, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li> - -<li>Maryland, campaign in, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li> - -<li>Meade, Gen. George G., <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li> - -<li>"Merrimac", <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</li> - -<li>Milwaukee, Cushings at, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>-13, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</li> - -<li>"Minnesota", <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li> - -<li>"Monitor", <a href="#Page_38">38</a>. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></li> -<li>"Monticello", <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> - -<li>Moon, Corporal Thomas, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> - -<li>Mott, Sergt. John, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</li> - -<li>"Mount Washington", <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Nashotah, Theological Seminary, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li> - -<li>Naval Academy, William Cushing at, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li> - -<li>Nemahbin, Cushings in, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> - -<li>New England, emigration to Wisconsin, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>-4.</li> - -<li>New York, Cushings in, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>-8.</li> - -<li>Norfolk (Va.), <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">"Otsego," 72.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Paddock, George, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> - -<li>Paddock family, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>-15.</li> - -<li>"Penobscot", <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>.</li> - -<li>"Perry", <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> - -<li>Pickett, Gen. George E., <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li> - -<li>Plymouth (N. C.), captured by "Albemarle", <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li> - -<li>Porter, Lieut. B. H., <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li> - -<li>Porter, Adm. David D., <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li> - -<li>Potawatomi Indians, <a href="#Page_i">i</a>n Wisconsin, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li> - -<li>Potomac, Army of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li>Prairieville. See Waukesha.</li> - -<li>Preston, S. W., <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">"Quinnebaug", <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Reynolds, Gen. John F., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> - -<li>Richmond (Va.), <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> - -<li>Rivers: Blackwater, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Bark, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Menomonee, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Milwaukee, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Monocacy, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Nansemond, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Potomac, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Rappahannock, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Roanoke, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Shenandoah, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</li> - -<li>Rorty, James M., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Santiago de Cuba, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li> - -<li>"Sassacuse", <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</li> - -<li>Sauk Indians, <a href="#Page_i">i</a>n Wisconsin, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li> - -<li>Schaff, Gen. Morris, <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> - -<li>"Shamrock", <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> - -<li>"Shockokon", <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>.</li> - -<li>Sheridan, Gen. Philip, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li>Smith, C. W., <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li> - -<li>Smith, Commodore Joseph, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span></li> -<li>"Southfield", <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> - -<li>"Stag", <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li> - -<li>Stotesbury, Asst. Engineer William, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> - -<li>Stuart, Gen. J. E. B., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li>Sumner, Gen. Edwin V., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>-40.</li> - -<li>Swan, Paymaster ——, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> - -<li>Swansboro (N. C.), <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Taneytown (Md.), <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> - -<li>Tucson (Ariz.), Howard Cushing at, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>-99.</li> - - -<li class="indx">"Valley City", <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> - -<li>Vicksburg (Miss.), Howard Cushing at, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li> - -<li>"Virginius", <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Warley, Capt. A. F., <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> - -<li>Warren, Cushings in, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> - -<li>Washington (D. C.), Alonzo Cushing at, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li> - -<li>Waukesha, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> - -<li>Waukesha County, <cite>History</cite>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li> - -<li>Webb, Gen. Alexander S., <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - -<li>Western Branch (Va.), <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li>West Point, Alonzo Cushing entered, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>; buried at, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</li> - -<li>Wilkeson, Lieut. Frank, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</li> - -<li>Woodman, Acting Master's Mate ——, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> - -<li>Woodruff, George A., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - -<li>"Wyoming", <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Yorktown (Va.), <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> -</ul> - -<div id="transnote"> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES</h2> - - -<p>Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors.</p> - -<p>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Three Wisconsin Cushings, by Theron Wilber Haight - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THREE WISCONSIN CUSHINGS *** - -***** This file should be named 50549-h.htm or 50549-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/5/4/50549/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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