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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1faaaac --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #51838 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/51838) diff --git a/old/51838-0.txt b/old/51838-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 143baec..0000000 --- a/old/51838-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8471 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Personal Reminiscences of the War of 1861-5, -by W. H. (William Henry) Morgan - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Personal Reminiscences of the War of 1861-5 - In Camp--en Bivouac--on the March--on Picket--on the Skirmish Line--on the Battlefield--and in Prison - - -Author: W. H. (William Henry) Morgan - - - -Release Date: April 23, 2016 [eBook #51838] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR -OF 1861-5*** - - -E-text prepared by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by -Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - - -Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this - file which includes the original illustration. - See 51838-h.htm or 51838-h.zip: - (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/51838/51838-h/51838-h.htm) - or - (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/51838/51838-h.zip) - - - Images of the original pages are available through - Internet Archive. See - https://archive.org/details/personalreminisc00morg - - -Transcriber's note: - - Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). - - - - - -PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR OF 1861-65 - - -[Illustration: - - W. H. MORGAN] - - -PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR OF 1861-5 - - -[Illustration] - - -IN CAMP—EN BIVOUAC—ON THE MARCH—ON PICKET—ON - THE SKIRMISH LINE—ON THE - BATTLEFIELD—AND IN - PRISON - -by - -W. H. MORGAN - - - - - - - -Lynchburg, Va. -J. P. Bell Company, Inc. -1911 - -Copyright, 1911 -by W. H. Morgan - - - - - TO THE MEMORY OF - "THE LOVED ONES AT HOME" - WIFE—FATHER—MOTHER - THIS BOOK IS TENDERLY AND LOVINGLY DEDICATED - - - - - PREFACE - - -I launch this little volume upon the great ocean of books, craving the -indulgence of the kind reader for its shortcomings and imperfections, -with the hope that it will not be viewed with a critic's eye, and that -its imperfections may be charitably passed by. I have endeavored to -relate my experiences in the great war of 1861-5 just as events -occurred, as if I were detailing them to family or friends in private, -or, as I have sometimes done in the past, at gatherings of veterans and -friends during the past years. - -The old huntsman delights to tell of his tracking game in the snow, the -chase through the woods and fields of the fox, deer and bear; the old -sailor spins his yarns of the adventures and perils of the deep; the old -fisherman will sometimes tell a big fish tale, and the old soldier is -wont to join in with the rest and tell of his life in camp and field. -This last I have endeavored to do in the following pages after the lapse -of many years. I might have spun out the story much longer, but -believing that brevity is often the soul of writing, as well as of wit, -I have endeavored to "be brief and to the point." - - W. H. MORGAN. - - _Floyd, Va._, January 23, 1911. - - - - - CONTENTS - - - CHAPTER I - -Personal—Organization—Roll of company. - - CHAPTER II - -Enter the service—Trouble about arms. - - CHAPTER III - -On to Manassas—The 11th Regiment—The 1st Brigade. - - CHAPTER IV - -Battle of Blackburns Ford—The battle begins—The enemy driven back— -Incidents of the battle. - - CHAPTER V - -Battle of First Manassas—General Johnston to the rescue—Gen. Kirby Smith -turns the tide of battle—The Rebel Yell—Under shelling—The news of -victory—The enemy not pursued—Gathering the spoils. - - CHAPTER VI - -To Centreville and Fairfax C. H.—Picket close to enemy—Exciting times on -picket—Back to Centreville—The fight at Drainesville. - - CHAPTER VII - -Fall back from Centreville—The Peninsular campaign—Yorktown lines -evacuated—The battle of Williamsburg—"Give it to them"—Into a hot fire— -Colonel Garland wounded—Incidents of the battle—Garland and Kemper -promoted. - - CHAPTER VIII - -Back to Richmond—Battle of Seven Pines—The brigade in reserve—Into the -fight at double-quick—Incidents of the battle—On the picket lines. - - CHAPTER IX - -Seven days fights around Richmond—Battle of Gaines' Mill. - - CHAPTER X - -Second Manassas and Maryland campaign—Sharpsburg—Back to Virginia—From -Winchester to Culpeper—To Fredericksburg. - - CHAPTER XI - -The battle of Fredericksburg—Kemper's Brigade in reserve—Spectacular -scene—Behind Marye's Hill—Sharpshooting—At home; sad loss. - - CHAPTER XII - -To Richmond, Chester Station and Petersburg—To North Carolina—Back to -Virginia at Suffolk—To Taylorsville—On to join General Lee. - - CHAPTER XIII - -Pennsylvania Campaign—Gettysburg—Back to Virginia—General Lee and the -army of Northern Virginia. - - CHAPTER XIV - -To Taylorsville—At Chafin's Farm—To North Carolina again—Marching -through swamps and sand—The capture of Plymouth—Companies C and G have -serious experience—Incidents of the battle—The gunboat _Albemarle_—Col. -James Dearing wins promotion—On to Washington, N. C.—Newberne again -invested. - - CHAPTER XV - -Back to Petersburg, Va.—Beast Butler—The battle of Drewry's Bluff— -General Gracie's courage—Into a heavy fire at close range—Col. Richard -F. Maury—Yankee brigade captured—General Whiting's failure—The Yankee -flags. - - CHAPTER XVI - -To Milford and to capture—Prisoner of war—On to Washington—To Fort -Delaware. - - CHAPTER XVII - -To Fort Delaware—Short Rations—Song—Prison rules. - - CHAPTER XVIII - -Off for Charlestown—Alleged retaliation—On shipboard—Run aground—Short -of water—In stockade—Under fire—Prison rules. - - CHAPTER XIX - -To Fort Pulaski—Rotten cornmeal and pickled rations—A plot laid. - - CHAPTER XX - -Back to Fort Delaware—Disappointment and great suffering—Deaths on ship -and burials at sea. - - CHAPTER XXI - -Yankee infamy—Conduct of the war—Sherman's march through Georgia—The -dismemberment of Virginia. - - CHAPTER XXII - -Lee's surrender—Lincoln's assassination—Out of prison and at home. - - CHAPTER XXIII - -Reconstruction and since. - - - - - INTRODUCTION - - -When I first undertook to write my war experiences, I had no thought of -ever publishing what I wrote. It was only intended as a family paper, -written at the solicitation of my children. - -If I had undertaken to write a history of Kemper's Brigade, or the -Eleventh Regiment, or even of the Clifton Grays (Company C), the story -would have been far less personal than are these "Personal -Reminiscences," and doubtless more interesting to others, but of less -interest to those for whom the sketches were originally designed. - -This is my apology for using the personal pronoun so often, and -referring so frequently to those who were nearest and dearest to me, all -of whom—wife, father, mother, and brothers—have passed away, and I am -left al—— no, not alone; I have friends and old comrades still living -whom I esteem highly and who I am sure esteem me, and children and -grandchildren whom I love and who I know love me. - -And it was but natural that I should desire to transmit to these last, -recollections of those nearest and dearest to me, and of the comrades in -arms with whom I was most intimately and closely connected during those -years of blood and strife. - -If I had undertaken to give in detail all the brave deeds performed by -the men of Company C, and those who made up the Eleventh Regiment and -Kemper's Brigade, this book would have been much larger than it is. - -The Yankees had a custom of promoting men from the ranks for brave -conduct on the field of battle. If this custom had prevailed in the -Confederate army, as I have often remarked, there would have been more -officers than privates in that army; for no army ever had so many men so -deserving and so capable of being officers. Having, at the solicitation -of friends, determined to publish my REMINISCENCES, I now have only to -say as to the following pages. "What I have written I have written," and -will let it go at that; trusting that old comrades who may read this -book will find therein something to remind them that they were "there or -thereabout," and that they and their sons and daughters may find -something to interest, if not something entertaining, and perchance -instructive to the young. - -To those who may be disposed to criticize the accuracy of dates and -incidents, and doubtless there are inaccuracies and errors, too, I beg -them to remember that nearly fifty years have passed over all our -"memory boxes" since these war scenes were enacted, and that the events -herein related are from my viewpoint and place on the stage of action, -and that they saw and heard many things I did not see nor hear, and vice -versa. - -Any one who has heard witnesses testify in court as to a personal -difficulty between two men, if only a common assault and battery case, -or a more serious encounter with knives and pistols, know that no two -will tell exactly the same story; so it is with war stories. We all did -not see and hear and feel alike at the same time and place. What -impressed one and fixed an event or date indelibly on the mind, did not -impress another. And now "I don't remember," "I forget," "I was there, -but don't recollect," are common expressions heard from old soldiers -when they meet and talk over the old, old times. - -To all comrades of Company C and all the other companies of the Eleventh -Virginia and of Kemper's Brigade and Pickett's Division, Longstreet's -Corps, and the army of Northern Virginia, to whom these greetings may -come, I extend the right hand of comradeship most heartily. We marched -and camped and bivouacked and fought together. We suffered and -sacrificed all save honor, and thousands of our comrades died for a -cause which we knew and still know was just and right and holy. - -And know ye that we will not be forgotten as long as truth and chivalry -shall live upon the earth, and that generations yet unborn will be proud -to trace their genealogy back to the men who fought under Lee and -Jackson. - -And now, old comrades, good-bye, and may God bless you all. At a reunion -some years ago, I heard a veteran say, "God will never send an old -Confederate soldier to hell!" My prayer is that none of them may ever -go, or be sent to that bad place; but let us not forget that, "By grace -are ye saved, through _faith_ in Jesus Christ." - - - - - PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR OF 1861-5 - —IN CAMP—EN BIVOUAC—ON THE MARCH— - ON PICKET—ON THE SKIRMISH LINE - —ON THE BATTLEFIELD—AND IN - PRISON. - - - - - CHAPTER I - - PERSONAL—ORGANIZATION—ROLL OF COMPANY - - -After a lapse of more than forty years, I here record brief sketches of -my experiences as a Confederate soldier, beginning about the 1st of May, -1861, and ending the 21st day of May, 1865, and some things since. Many -of the occurrences herein related remain indelibly fixed on my memory -through all these years and can never be effaced. - -The scenes and events of the battles are burned into the faculty of -recollection so deep that they remain more firmly fixed than any other -events in my experience. Amidst the rush and roar and crash of battle, -every fibre of the brain is intensified and highly wrought, and receives -the scenes and events of the hour with the accuracy and permanency of -the camera. - -As to many of the dates, marches and camps, my memory has been refreshed -by memoranda and data collected during the years, since the close of -that memorable struggle, and by the perusal of wartime letters, and some -assistance from old comrades. - -I have headed these sketches "Personal Reminiscences," which I have -designed to be a simple narrative of what I saw, heard and felt, without -any desire to recount deeds of my own; but rather, at the solicitation -of my children and others, that they may know something of my comrades -and that I may leave to those who come after me some record of the part, -inconspicuous as it was, which I took in that fierce and bloody -conflict, my reasons, therefor, and my convictions and actions since. -These things alone have prompted me to undertake this task. - -I find already that the personal pronoun will appear in the narrative -much oftener than I would wish. This seems unavoidable, according to the -plan and scope designed. - -I read sometime ago Gen. Fitzhugh Lee's life of Gen. Robt. E. Lee. When -the book was finished, I remarked that I had a higher opinion of Fitz -Lee than ever before, for the reason that his modesty caused him to -leave himself out of the book, only a few times mentioning Fitz Lee's -Brigade or Division incidentally, showing him to be a great man. I would -like to do likewise, but this will be impossible. - - - ORGANIZATION AND ROLL OF COMPANY - -In the year 1860, at Pigeon Run—now Gladys, Campbell County, Va.,—near -where I was born and reared, the young men of the neighborhood, catching -the military spirit that swept over the State and South immediately -after the John Brown raid at Harper's Ferry the year before, organized a -volunteer infantry company, "The Clifton Grays," named after a small -stream near by, the name being suggested by my father, the late Richard -Morgan. - -At the organization of the company, Adam Clement was elected captain; -Jos. A. Hobson, first lieutenant; H. H. Withers, second lieutenant; Jas. -A. Connelly, third lieutenant, and R. M. Cock, fourth lieutenant. When -mustered into service only three lieutenants were allowed. I was elected -orderly sergeant, which position I preferred at that time. - -The following is as complete a roll of the company as I have been able -to make up from memory, and by the aid of old comrades from the -beginning to the end: - - - CAPTAIN - -Adam Clement; promoted to major; wounded and disabled at Sharpsburg, Md. - - - LIEUTENANTS - -Jos. A. Hobson; retired at the end of the first year. - -H. H. Withers; retired at the end of first year. - -Jas. A. Connelly; missing at Gettysburg. - -Jabe R. Rosser. - -Robt. M. Cock; captured at Five Forks, Va. - - - ORDERLY SERGEANT - -W. H. Morgan; promoted to first lieutenant and captain; captured at -Milford, Va., May 21, 1864. - - - SERGEANTS - -Thos. M. Cock; promoted to orderly sergeant; died since war. - -E. M. Hobson; detailed as regimental ordinance sergeant. - -E. G. Gilliam; badly wounded at Five Forks, Va. - -Geo. Thomas Rosser. - -Robt. M. Murrell. - -Geo. W. Morgan; died since war. - - - CORPORALS - -Ed. A. Tweedy; captured at Milford, on the 21st of May, 1864. - -G. A. Creacy; wounded at Drewry's Bluff, May 16, 1864. - -Chas. A. Clement; promoted to orderly sergeant; captured at Five Forks, -April 5, 1865; died since war. - -W. T. Tynes; killed at Five Forks, Va. - -W. H. Hendricks; killed at Second Manassas, August 30, 1862. - - - _Privates_ - -Allen, Chas.; killed at Drewry's Bluff, May 16, 1864. - -Allen, Reuben; died since the war. - -Brooks, John J.; died since the war. - -Bailey, Allen; killed at Drewry's Bluff, April 16, 1864. - -Bailey, Miffram; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. - -Bailey, Harvey; died near Yorktown, April, 1862. - -Bateman, Abner; wounded at Plymouth, N. C., April 18, 1864; died since -the war. - -Barber, Silas; killed at Seven Pines, May 31, 1862. - -Brown, Geo. A.; captured at Milford. - -Brown, Jas. A.; captured at Milford. - -Brown, W. Lee; wounded at Gettysburg and Milford on the 21st of May, -1864, and captured; dead. - -Bell, Geo. W.; lost arm near Petersburg on March 30, 1865. - -Blankenship, Chas. E. - -Blankenship, Leslie C. - -Cocke, Jas. B.; died since war. - -Clement, Geo. W. - -Creacy, Thos. C. - -Caldwell, Daniel R. - -Caldwell, Samuel; died since war. - -Cary, Peter. - -Callaham, Moses H.; captured at Milford, on 21st of April, 1864. - -Callaham, Chas. M. - -Dunnavant, Lee. - -DePriest, Jno. R.; killed at Drewry's Bluff, May 16, 1864. - -Daniel, John A; died since war. - -Eads, Hairston; died since war. - -Eads, William. - -Elliott, Robt. A.; died since war. - -Elliott, H. O.; color sergeant; killed at Second Manassas. - -Franklin, Samuel T. - -Franklin, Edmond L.; died since war. - -Farris, Benjamin; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. - -Frazier, John B.; now blind. - -Gardner, John. - -Hobson, W. H.; mortally wounded at Dranesville, Va., January, 1862. - -Hobson, Nathaniel R.; died since war. - -Hughes, Andy. - -Hughes, Crockett; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. - -Harvey, Richard C.; died since war. - -Hall, Stephen; died since war. - -Harvey, Thos. W.; died since war. - -Hendricks, Joseph. - -Holcome, Ellis H. - -Jones, Robt. H. - -Jones, Geo. W. - -Jones, Joshua. - -Jones, Jas. T.; captured at Milford, April 21, 1864. - -Jones, J. Wesley; captured at Milford, April 21, 1864. - -Jones, Chas.; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. - -Jones, Walker; wounded at Gettysburg. - -Jones, Jas. Chap.; lost arm at Gettysburg. - -Jones, Linneous; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. - -Jones, Robt. W.; wounded at ——. - -Jones, Jasper; died since war. - -Jennings, Monroe; died since war. - -Kabler, Fred; captured at Milford, April 21, 1864. - -Kabler, W. S.; captured at Milford, April 21, 1864. - -Kabler, Jack. - -Kelley, Len.; died since war. - -Keenan, John; detailed as drummer. - -LeGrand, Peter A.; died since war. - -Layne, David; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. - -Layne, John; died near Fredericksburg, January 1863. - -Layne, Miffram; died since war. - -Morgan, Robt. W.; wounded at Second Manassas and Gettysburg; captured at -Milford; dead. - -Moorman, Thos. E. - -Martin, James; detailed as cook; died since war. - -Monroe, John; killed at Drewry's Bluff, May 16, 1864. - -Monroe, William; killed at Plymouth, April 18, 1864. - -Monroe, William T.; captured at Milford, May 21, 1864. - -Martin, Henry; killed at Second Manassas, August 30, 1862. - -Murrell, Chas.; killed at Second Manassas, August 30, 1862. - -Moore, Richard; died since war. - -Murrell, Emory. - -Matthews, William; died since war. - -Mason, Maurice M., Jr.; killed at Gettysburg. - -Miles, Chas.; shot accidentally; died since war. - -Organ, Jas.; died since war. - -Organ, John; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. - -Pillow, Daniel; missing at Gettysburg. - -Pillow, William; detailed as cook. - -Puckett, John; died since war. - -Phillips, Thornton; died in service. - -Pugh, James. - -Pugh, Nat. - -Quilly, Michael. - -Rosser, Walter C.; wounded at Williamsburg and Drewry's Bluff. - -Rosser, Alfred S.; killed at Drewry's Bluff. - -Rosser, Granville; killed at Williamsburg. - -Rosser, Thos. W.; died since war. - -Rosser, John W.; captured at Five Forks. - -Rice, Joe; killed at Sharpsburg, September, 1862. - -Roberts, Pleasant; deserter. - -Rice, Alec W.; captured at Milford; died in prison; buried at Arlington. - -Terrell, James; killed at Seven Pines, May 31, 1862. - -Tweedy, G. Dabney; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. - -Tweedy, Bennett; killed at Plymouth, July 18, 1864. - -Tweedy, Ferdinand. - -Tweedy, Joseph; died since war. - -Tweedy, Robt. C. - -Walthall, Isaac; company commissary; died since war. - -Walker, Geo. W.; mortally wounded at Drewry's Bluff. - -Wood, Wash. W.; killed near Petersburg, 1865. - -Woody, Bruce; killed at Drewry's Bluff, 1864. - -Wood, John; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. - -Watkins, James L.; died since war. - -Woodall, Jno. J. - -Wilkerson, W. A.; captured at Milford, May 21, 1864. - -Williams, Whit B.; wounded at Williamsburg; dead. - -Wilson, Wm. H.; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. - -Withers, W. S.; detailed as hospital steward. - -Wingfield, W. H.; died since war. - -Wood, James; killed at Seven Pines. - -No doubt several names have been omitted, and others were killed or died -from wounds and disease not now remembered. It has been impossible to -give the number and names of all the killed and wounded in the battles -in which the company was engaged. From three to five wounded to one -killed is about the average, I think. - -One man on this roll has "deserter" written after his name. He was a -good soldier while with the company. Unfortunately he was a _nullius -filus_; I suppose he thought he had nothing to fight for. We heard later -he went to Ohio, where he drove a stage during the war. I have never -heard of him since. - -I wish I could mention by name each one of these men, what they did, and -how faithfully they served their country; but time and space and lack of -memory as to many interesting incidents will not permit this. I can only -say that, with very few exceptions, they were good and faithful -soldiers. - -The uniform of the company was steel-gray, with cap of same color. - - - - - CHAPTER II - - ENTER THE SERVICE—TROUBLE ABOUT ARMS—CAUSE - OF SECESSION - - -The company was drilled from time to time, but was not armed until it -entered the service about the 1st of May, 1861, at Lynchburg, Va., -enlisting for one year. It was mustered into service by (then) Col. -Jubal A. Early, as one of the ten companies of the Twenty-eighth -Regiment of Virginia Infantry, Col. Robt. T. Preston, commanding. At -that time there were about eighty-five men in the company, made up of -the young men from several miles around Pigeon Run. I had one brother, -Geo. W., called "Coon"; a brother-in-law, Robt. M. Cocke, and many -kinsmen and connections in the company; the young Joneses, the Hobsons, -the Baileys, and others were relations of myself or wife. We were all -friends and neighbors, and many were former schoolmates. Most of them -young unmarried men, many in their teens. I had been married not quite -five months when the war came on. - -None of the officers or men had any military education, but little -training in drilling and none in camp life, and were all, officers and -men, quite green and inexperienced in military affairs generally. But we -all knew how to handle guns and how to shoot straight. - -These young men made as brave and faithful soldiers as any in the army; -always ready to do their duty, to go wherever ordered; standing firm in -action. But I think none of them liked to fight just for the fun of it; -I did not for one, I well know. It was of this class of men that the -army of Northern Virginia was made up. - -That army was composed of the very pick and flower of the Southern -youth, and made a name and fame that will live always. - -At the beginning of the war, at Manassas, Gen. G. T. Beauregard issued a -general order, in which he said that strict military rules of discipline -would not be enforced, that the general commanding would depend upon the -good breeding of the men, rather than harsh military discipline, to -insure good order and efficiency in the army. This kind of discipline -prevailed all through the war. General Grant soon after he met Lee in -the Wilderness said in a dispatch to Washington that the Rebel army was -very hard to drive, so well was it disciplined. It was not discipline -that made this army so effective, but rather the courageous and -patriotic spirit of the men who carried the guns. - - - TROUBLE ABOUT ARMS - -As before said, the company had not been armed up to the time of -enlistment. The company was organized as a rifle company; we expected to -be armed with the "Mississippi Rifle." - -Soon after we got to Lynchburg it was learned that rifles could not be -procured, the only arms available being old flint-lock muskets changed -to percussion. All guns in those days were muzzle-loaders; the -breech-loaders had not been invented. - -We were much disappointed, and many of the men very much disgruntled, at -the prospects of going to war with those antiquated, cumbersome and -inferior arms. Other companies were in the same predicament, and many of -the men threatened to disband and go home. The companies had not yet -been mustered into service. It was a very critical time in the military -experience of all. The companies were formed in line and addressed by -some of their officers. Captain Clement made a speech to his company, -and I spoke briefly and earnestly to my comrades, telling them that the -State of Virginia was doing the very best she could to arm and equip her -soldiers, that they might go forth to meet the invaders of her sacred -soil; that it was our duty to go to the front with the best arms -available, even if armed with nothing but "rocks and sticks," and closed -by calling on every man who was willing to go to war under the existing -circumstances to follow. I marched out through the camp; the whole -company following. - - - THE CAUSE OF SECESSION - -I had fully determined if the company disbanded to join another -immediately, as I knew it was the duty of every son of Virginia to -enlist under her banner when called. I have never been of any other mind -since, and if it were all to do over again I should act in the same -manner. I never thought of deserting to the enemy during the war nor -since. While I was not an original secessionist and voted for the Union -candidates for the Convention, yet when the North determined to wage war -on the South; when Lincoln called on Virginia for her quota of troops to -coerce the seceding States, and when Virginia seceded, it did not take -me two seconds to cast my lot with Virginia and the other Southern -States. Here I took my stand then, now and forever, and will never give -aid in any way to those who were enemies to my State and section, many -of whom are still haters and traducers of the Southern people, the -avowed purpose at the close of the war being to put the negro, the late -slave, over the white people of the South, to rule and govern as brave -and chivalrous a people as ever lived on God's green earth. To make the -highest type of the Anglo-Saxon subject to the African! Ye gods! What a -crime was attempted! And for a time the outrage was in force. This, if -nothing else, justified the South in its attempt at separation from the -North. The people of the South had gotten tired of the sectional and -domineering, hectoring spirit of the North, especially the New England -Yankees, manifested in many ways before the war, and determined to sever -the bonds that bound them together; peacefully if they could, forcibly -if they must. They did not want war, but the North forced the issue. The -question of slavery in the Southern States was not an issue at the -beginning of the war, as many believe. - -In the presidential election of 1860, the right of the slaveholder to -take his slaves—property recognized by the Constitution and laws of the -land—into the territories, was an issue made by the Republican party, -but no question as to slavery where it already existed, was involved. On -the other hand, Lincoln, in his inaugural address on the 4th of March, -1861, expressly declared that he had no authority to interfere with -slavery in the States, and no intention of doing so. And not until the -promulgation of Lincoln's emancipation proclamation, which went into -effect on the 1st of January, 1863, made without shadow of right or law, -and in direct violation of his solemn declaration and oath of office, -was this issue raised, as a war measure, to strengthen the Union cause, -which was then on the wane, among the abolitionists at home and abroad. -The New England Yankees, who first imported the negro to America, and -who had sold their slaves to the Southern planters, because slave labor -was unprofitable at the North, and who had engaged in the African slave -trade until this was prohibited by law, at the instigation of the South -and against the protest of New England shipping interests which was -largely engaged in the African slave trade, and had become rabid -abolitionists, now demanded emancipation as the price of their loyalty -to the Union cause. - -France had all the while been friendly inclined towards the South, and -was urging England to join her in the recognition of the Southern -Confederacy as an independent nation. England, who had years before -abolished slavery in all her provinces, and was known to be a nation of -abolitionists, was now appealed to, and urged to stand for emancipation -in not recognizing the independence of the South. The cotton factories -of England were closed, the Southern ports being blockaded, the -operatives were clamoring for work or food; bread riots prevailed in the -manufacturing cities, the people urging the recognition of the South, so -that the ports could be opened and cotton, work, and food procured. - -Henry Ward Beecher and other abolitionists went to England, faced and -spoke to these howling mobs, appealing to them in behalf of the Union -cause and the Southern slaves. Not so much, I opine, for the good of the -slaves as for the success of the Union cause. They all knew if the -Southern ports were opened the South would be victorious. - -These are the true facts and the reasons for Lincoln's emancipation -proclamation, as I verily believe, and well known at the time. New -England was always jealous of the South, opposed everything that would -extend the influence and power of the Southern States: fought bitterly -the acquisition of the Louisiana territory and also the annexation of -Texas, because it would tend to destroy the "balance of power," as they -called it; and one of these states, Massachusetts, threatened to -withdraw from the Union, boldly claiming the right so to do. As all -know, New England was the manufacturing section of the country—the -South, the agricultural section. New England wanted to control the -policy of the government as to the tariff, and thereby protect their -industries, and could not brook the extension of Southern influence and -power against their protection policy. They still to this day maintain -this policy, but now we are beginning to hear the rumblings of -discontent in the West, and I am curious to know what will be the -result. I know one thing—that the Yankees of New England will hold on to -their pet policies, "like grim death to a dead nigger." What the great -West will do, future events only can develop. The North has held the -West in political slavery, by abusing and vilifying the South, and by -waving the "bloody shirt"; but that old rag is about worn out. I repeat, -I am curious to know the result, and want to live to see the end of it. - -We remained in Lynchburg until about the 1st of June, 1861, doing camp -duty and drilling. Several of the company, including my brother and -myself, had negro cooks the first year, after which, few, if any, -remained, except ours, who stayed until the last. Rations became too -scarce to divide with cooks, so the men did their own cooking, forming -messes of from four to six and eight men to a mess, cooking by turns -when in camp. We also had two or three company cooks detailed from the -company, who did much of the cooking when not in permanent camp, one of -whom, Isaac Walthall, acted as company commissary, drawing the rations -from the regimental commissary and distributed them to the messes, when -in camp, or cooking them and distributing to men when in line of battle -or near the enemy. - -Our camp equipments, as far as cooking facilities were concerned, were -very poor, and never much better. - -At first, we had only sheet-iron pans and boilers, called camp kettles, -which did very well for boiling beef, but the sheet-iron pans were very -poor for baking bread and frying meat. No wonder the biscuits were -called "sinkers," being burned on the outside, tough and clammy through -and through. We afterwards got ovens and skillets, "spiders," as the Tar -Heels called them, and had better bread. We were in camp in a grove west -of College Hill, which was afterwards the fair grounds, and is now -Miller Park. - - - - - CHAPTER III - - ON TO MANASSAS—THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT—THE - FIRST BRIGADE - - -About the 1st of June, 1861, the regiment was ordered to Manassas, which -name afterwards became historic as a great battle-ground. The first -battle of Bull Run, on the 18th of July, 1861, and the ground on which -the first battle of Manassas was fought on the 21st of July, 1861, and -the second battle of Manassas on the 30th of August, 1862, are all in -close proximity, and General Jackson, a few days before the last-named -fight, by a bold movement captured the place, which was then Pope's -dépôt of supplies, burning what his soldiers could not eat and carry -off, which no doubt was a plenty. - -The place was occupied by one side or the other during nearly the whole -war, being, in the beginning, considered a strategic point in the -defence of Richmond by the Confederates, and for the defence of -Washington and for the advance on Richmond by the Yankees. - -At Lynchburg we had no equipments except the old muskets, no belts, -cartridge or cap boxes, only some little cotton-cloth bags such as -mothers make children to gather chinquapins in, little tin shop-made -canteens, home-made haversacks of cotton cloth or cheap oilcloth, -home-made knapsacks of poor material and very cumbersome, the latter -packed full of clothes, hair-brushes and shoe-brushes, needle cases, and -many other little tricks which mothers, wives, and sweethearts made for -their soldier boys. Many of these things were superfluous and were not -carried after the first year of the war; for the next three years about -all a Confederate soldier carried was his gun, cartridge and cap box, a -blanket, an oilcloth captured from the Yankees, and an extra shirt—very -often not the latter. - -Many a Confederate soldier has taken off his shirt, washed it, hung it -on a bush, lying in the shade until it was dry. He also carried a -haversack which was often empty. - -There was considerable excitement when it was known we were to go to the -front, to meet the enemy; hasty preparations were made, tents were -struck, which, with the cooking utensils and all camp equipment, were -sent to the dépôt for shipment. - -At the appointed hour the regiment, with Colonel Bob Preston mounted on -his big nicked-tailed bay horse, handsomely caparisoned, at its head, -marched through the city down to the Orange & Alexandria Railroad, now -the Southern. The streets were lined with people, the men cheering, the -ladies waving their handkerchiefs to the soldiers as they marched in -proud array to martial music—the fife and drum. Boarding the train, in -box cars, we rolled away to the seat of war. - -The train was stopped at Culpeper Court House, the troops detrained, and -marched out into a field northwest of the town and prepared to go into -camp; very much disappointed that we had been stopped before reaching -Manassas. I remember it was a very windy day, and we had great -difficulty in raising the tents. Before this was fully accomplished, -orders came to strike tents at once, board the cars and hurry on to -Manassas. The rumor was that the Yankees were advancing on Manassas and -we were to rush forward as fast as possible, to meet and drive them -back. All was now bustle and excitement; in an incredible short time the -tents were struck, rolled up, taken to the dépôt, placed on the cars, -and the regiment was soon off again for the front. Of course, discussion -as to the probability of soon being in a battle went on as we sped -along. - -Up to this time, no cartridges had been issued to the men; some cases or -boxes of ammunition were now placed aboard each car, but were not -opened. The men were very anxious to be supplied with cartridges, -fearing the Yankees would be on us before the boxes could be opened and -the guns loaded. - -In due time, the train reached Manassas without running into the enemy -or the enemy running into us. It was said a scouting party had come out -from the Yankee lines near Alexandria, and hence the false alarm which -caused our hasty and exciting exit from Culpeper. - -The regiment went into camp at Manassas station, a short distance to the -right of the railroad, where we remained for about two weeks, drilling -and doing guard duty around the camp and at General Beauregard's -headquarters not far away. Not long before the first battle, Captain -Clement's company, and Captain Hutter's company from Lynchburg, were -transferred to the Eleventh Virginia Regiment, commanded by Colonel -Samuel Garland, Jr., of Lynchburg, a V. M. I. man, and a fine officer. -In the regiment there were already three companies from Lynchburg and -one from Campbell County. - - - THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT - -The Eleventh Regiment, which was camped immediately on the north side of -the railroad, just west of the dépôt, was now composed of ten companies, -with the following named field and staff officers and company -commanders: - -Colonel, Sam Garland, Jr., of Lynchburg; Lieut.-Colonel, David Funston, -of Alexandria; Major, Carter H. Harrison, of Lancaster County; Adjutant, -J. Lawrence Meem; Sergeant Major, Chas. A. Tyree; Chaplain, Rev. J. C. -Granberry; Surgeon, Dr. G. W. Thornhill; Assistant Surgeon, Dr. -Chalmers; Quarter-Master, R. G. H. Kean; Commissary, L. F. Lucado; -Commissary Sergeant, W. L. Akers. - -Company A, Capt. Morris S. Langhorne; Company B, Capt. Robert C. -Saunders; Company C, Capt. Adam Clement; Company D, Capt. D. Gardner -Houston; Company E, Capt. J. E. Blankenship; Company F, Capt. Henry -Foulks; Company G, Capt. Kirk Otey; Company H, Capt. J. Risque Hutter; -Company I, Capt. —— Jamison; Company K, Capt. Robert Yeatman. - -Colonel Garland was promoted to brigadier-general in May, 1862, and -was killed at Boonsboro Mountain, Md., in September, 1862. -Lieutenant-Colonel Funston succeeded Colonel Garland in command of the -regiment, and was disabled by wounds at Seven Pines, on the 30th of -May, 1862, and retired from the service; he was later elected to the -Confederate Congress, and I think still later was in the service -again. Major Harrison was mortally wounded at Bull Run, July 18, 1861. -Captain Langhorne succeeded him as major and was afterwards promoted -lieutenant-colonel. He was disabled by wounds at Seven Pines on the -30th of May, 1862, and never returned to the army. - -Captain Clement was promoted to major just before the Seven Pines fight, -was disabled at the battle of Sharpsburg, Md., the 17th of September, -1862, while in command of the regiment, and never returned to the field. - -Captain Saunders retired at the end of the first year, and was -afterwards in the commissary department as collector of tax in kind. - -Captain Houston was killed at Gettysburg on the 3d of July, 1863. - -Captain Blankenship retired at the battle of Blackburn's Ford on the -18th of July, 1861; he secured a position in the engineering corps, I -think. - -Captain Foulks was killed at Seven Pines. I was in a few feet of him -when he was shot dead. - -Captain Yeatman resigned. - -Lieut. G. W. Latham succeeded Captain Langhorne in command of Company A, -and he was succeeded by Lieut. Robt. M. Mitchell, Jr. Lieut. Thos. B. -Horton succeeded Captain Saunders of Company B, and I succeeded Captain -Clement of Company C; Lieut. Thos. Houston succeeded his brother, D. G. -Houston, of Company D; Lieut. C. V. Winfrey succeeded Captain -Blankenship of Company E; Lieut. Robt. W. Douthat succeeded Captain -Foulks of Company F; Lieut. J. Holmes Smith succeeded Captain Otey of -Company G; Lieut. Jas. W. Hord succeeded Captain Hutter of Company H; -Lieut. A. I. Jones, I think, succeeded Captain Jamison of Company I; -Lieut. Andrew M. Houston, a brother of the other Houstons already -mentioned, succeeded Captain Yeatman of Company K; Captain Otey was -promoted to major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel. Captain Hutter was -promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and was in command of the regiment at -the battle of Five Forks on the 5th of April, 1865, when he and nearly -all of the regiment were captured. - -Capt. C. V. Winfrey, of Company E, was afterwards succeeded by Lieut. -John C. Ward. Several of these officers were V. M. I. men, as I now -remember, as follows: Garland, Harrison, Otey, Hutter, Blankenship, -Ward, D. G. Houston, and perhaps others. - -Company G, the old "Home Guard," was the crack company of the regiment. -Company A, the "Rifle Grays," also of Lynchburg, was a close second to -Company G, armed with the Mississippi rifle, and generally acted as -skirmishers, and one of these rifles brought down the first Yankee on -the 18th of July, 1861, as hereinafter related. - -Company D was also armed with Mississippi rifles and was often on the -skirmish line. Company B was made up of men from the western section of -Campbell County; Company C, as before said, from the Pigeon Run section, -Mt. Zion, and Falling River neighborhoods. Company D came from Botetourt -County—large, hardy, hale fellows they were too, many of them with -German names. Company E was made up largely of college boys from -Lynchburg College, its first captain being one of the professors. - -Company F, a sturdy lot of men, came from the hills of Alleghany -Mountains in Montgomery County around Christiansburg. - -Company H was a new Lynchburg company, recruited by its captain, then in -his teens, with many sons of Erin in its ranks. - -Company I was made up of men from Culpeper County. - -Company K was from the James River section of Rockbridge County—its -commander, a canal freight-boat captain, and many of the men boatmen on -the canal when the tocsin of war was sounded. All classes, from the -college-bred and the professional man to the country schoolboy, were -represented in the regiment. - -The following are the rolls of the four Lynchburg companies of the -Eleventh Regiment. I have been unable to get the rolls of the other -companies of the regiment: - - - THE RIFLE GRAYS, COMPANY A - - First Captain, M. S. Langhorne. - Second Captain, G. W. Latham. - Third Captain, Robt. M. Mitchell, Jr. - First Lieutenant, G. W. Latham. - First Lieutenant, John W. Daniel. - Second Lieutenant, Robt. M. Mitchell, Jr. - Second Lieutenant, H. C. Chalmers. - Second Lieutenant, James O. Thurman. - First Sergeant, Joseph A. Kennedy. - Second Sergeant, Elcano Fisher. - Third Sergeant, Henry D. Hall. - Fourth Sergeant, Peter B. Akers. - First Corporal, Geo. T. Wightman. - Second Corporal, Samuel R. Miller. - Third Corporal, Lucas Harvey. - Fourth Corporal, Jas. O. Thurman, Jr. - - - _Privates_ - - Allman, William H. - Akers, William L. - Bailey, James H. - Bailey, James W. - Benson, Henry G. - Brown, Leslie C. - Beckwith, Henry C. - Burroughs, Henry A. - Ballard, James F. - Bagby, George W. - Cheatham, Thos. F. - Cochran, Robert L. - Cooney, Thomas. - Camp, Albert G. - Crumpton, James A. - Crumpton, Joseph A. - Clinkenbeard, Wm. E. - Conklen, Thomas A. - Connolly, Jerry M. - Devine, Frank. - Diuguid, Edward S. - Davis, Thomas N. - Delano, Joseph S. - Dady, David. - Evans, William H. - Edwards, James M. - Elam, H. F. - Feyle, Frank H. - Fulks, James W. - Frances, Joseph M. - Furry, William H. - Gooldy, John F. - Henry, Charles W. - Henry, John L. - Harvey, Charles C. - Hollins, John G. - Hollins, James E. - Heybrook, L. G. - Hersman, Wm. B. - Hunt, William R. - Johnson, Shelbry. - Jones, William B. - Jones, Charles J. - Kennedy, Michael. - Kidd, George W. - Latham, Robert F. - Linkenhoker, Sam'l. - Mitchell, John R. - Mitchell, T. Holcomb. - Mitchell, John J. - Mitchell, William H. - McKinney, Sam'l H. - McCrary, Wm. B. - Marks, James L. - Milstead, William. - McDevitt, C. P. - Norris, Michael A. - Norvell, Otway B. - Omorundro, T. A. - Porter, Thomas D. - Pendleton, William. - Price, N. Leslie. - Parrish, Booker S. - Pugh, Charles E. - Peters, John I. - Rucker, Edward P. - Raine, John R. - Robertson, Thomas D. - Rainey, Charles W. - Rogers, James B. - Rock, John J. - Rector, Thomas S. - Sims, Robert F. - Sewell, George W. - Stubbs, Robert F. - Stewart, Philip H. - Slagle, John H. - Slagle, David H. - Sholes, Thomas C. - Stewart, Stephen P. - Stabler, Thomas S. - Shepherd, Joseph H. - Tyree, Charles H. - Taylor, William H. - Thurman, Powhatan. - Turner, John H. - Truxall, Andrew J. - Tyree, Wm. D. R. - Tyree, John R. - Taliaferro, Rhoderick. - Torrence, William H. - Victor, Henry C. - Wren, Peter R. - Warfield, Thomas. - Williams, William H. - - - LYNCHBURG RIFLES, COMPANY E - - First Captain, J. E. Blankenship. - Second Captain, C. V. Winfree. - Third Captain, John C. Ward. - First Lieutenant, C. V. Winfree. - First Lieutenant, James W. Wray. - Second Lieutenant, W. A. Strother. - Second Lieutenant, W. M. Taliaferro. - Lieutenant, John P. Knight. - Lieutenant, Walter R. Abbott. - Lieutenant, Adolphus D. Read. - Lieutenant, Charles H. Tyree. - Lieutenant, George P. Norvell. - First Sergeant, W. R. Abbott. - Sergeant, John C. Ward. - Sergeant, A. D. Read. - Sergeant, James W. Wray. - Sergeant, Thomas Keenan. - Sergeant, E. G. Williams. - Sergeant, William M. Seay. - Sergeant, John L. Marion. - Corporal, J. H. Sheppard. - Corporal, John Lovett. - Corporal, D. M. Pettigrew. - Corporal, Thomas H. Love. - Corporal, John Kelly. - Corporal, John R. Holt. - Corporal, John Lovett. - Corporal, W. P. Whitlow. - - - _Privates_ - - Anderson, Thos. N. - Atkinson, John. - Butterworth, John M. - Butterworth, Wm. W. - Bradley, Winfree. - Brown, F. M. - Brown, Hillary. - Burks, Paulus Powell. - Burks, S. C. - Bailey, Samuel D. - Bailey, Thomas D. - Coffee, William H. - Colvin, Howard H. - Colvin, William O. - Colvin, Robert O. - Grant, Bluford. - Gaulding, T. Henry. - Gregory, Edward S. - Gregory, N. H. - Goins, James. - Gilbert, George W. - Gilbert, William. - Gilbert, Thomas. - Hart, Patrick S. - Haines, Robert L. - Hurt, Samuel. - Hickey, Patrick H. - Hendricks, James. - Howard, John. - Houston, Francis R. - Hudgins, James L. - Hancock, W. T. - Jones, Charles T. - Jenkins, J. Samuel. - Johnson, Charles Y. - Kayton, J. Patrick. - Lawhorne, Delaware. - Lawhorne, James H. - Lawhorne, Lorenzo. - Lawhorne, Lucas P. - Lipscomb, Charles P. - Moore, Thomas H. - Miller, James M. - Mann, Daniel. - Milstead, Benjamin. - Marshall, John W. - Marshall, James. - Marshall, Charles. - Marshall, David B. - Myers, William. - McCarthy, Patrick. - Nangle, Edward A. - Clark, C. C. - Clark, C. B. - Clark, R. C. - Carey, John H. - Carey, James. - Day, Thomas E. - Davis, Arthur P. - Davis, T. D. - Dunnivant, William. - Evans, T. F. - Equi, Joseph. - Elder, Hiram P. - Farriss, William. - Fortune, William. - Foster, William E. - Neville, Lewis C. - Noell, James H. - Pettus, John E. - Patrim, William A. - Paris, Thomas H. - Parr, John E. - Padgett, J. J. - Parker, Joseph A. - Roberts, Charles R. - Rucker, Jackson. - Rockecharlie, V. - Strause, Simon. - Stewart, William H. - Simpson, Charles W. - Searson, Thomas. - Sullivan, Michael. - Spillan, Patrick. - Smith, George W. - Smith, John G. - Smith, Thomas. - Smith, Robert H. - Smith, James. - Thomas, Andrew J. - Taylor, William. - Taylor, Burley T. - Trent, George W. - Turner, G. Kempton. - Turski, Francois. - Ward, James S. - Williamson, L. C. - Wooldridge, Jas. R. - Wooldridge, Joseph. - Wright, Wm. Richard. - Wray, Ellis D. - Wills, John McD. - Walker, J. S. L. - Wray, Thomas C. - - - HOME GUARD, COMPANY G - - First Captain, Samuel Garland, Jr. - Second Captain, Kirkwood Otey. - Third Captain, J. Holmes Smith. - First Lieutenant, K. Otey. - Second Lieutenant, J. G. Meem. - Third Lieutenant, S. M. Simpson. - Orderly Sergeant, J. L. Meem. - Third Sergeant, W. J. H. Hawkins. - Sergeant, J. C. Johnson. - Color Sergeant, William Sanford. - Fifth Sergeant, B. L. Blackford. - Corporal, C. D. Hamner. - Corporal, John K. Seabury. - Corporal, J. H. Smith. - Corporal, Hugh Nelson. - Surgeon, Benjamin Blackford. - - - _Privates_ - - Abrahams, H. J. - Adams, R. H. T. - Akers, E. A. - Armistead, James. - Apperson, R. F. - Anderson, John G. - Ballowe, T. H. - Barnes, C. F. - Blackford, W. H. - Booth, S. C. - Brugh, J. B. - Burks, E. W. - Button, R. P. - Burch, Samuel. - Cabell, Breck. - Cabell, P. H. - Cabell, S. - Campbell, Wiley. - Colhoun, Robert. - Conley, John. - Cosby, C. V. - Creed, J. J. - Cross, J. H. (K.) - Crumpacker, John. - Dowdy, T. N. - Dabney, H. - DeWitt, C. - Eubank, E. N. - Franklin, James, Jr. - Franklin, P. H. - Ford, William A. - Gregory, W. S. - Guggenheimer, M., Jr. - Guy, D. C. - Goggin, John P. - Harris, H. V. - Harris, Meade. - Hawkins, S. M. - Holland, William. - Ivey, J. W. - Jennings, J. H. - Jennings, T. D., Jr. - Johnson, Minor. - Kean, R. G. H. - Kinnear, James F. - Kinnear, James O. - Kabler, N. - Kreuttner, Joseph. - Kent, J. R. - Lee, John A. - Lavinder, G. T. - Langhorne, C. D. - Leckie, M. M. - Lewis, John H. - Lucado, L. F. - Lyman, G. R. - Lydick, James H. - Lydick, D. - Mayer, Max L. - McCorkle, C. - Miller, A. H. - Moseley, C. A. - Moorman, S. L. - Mosby, L. C. - Nelson, W. S. - Nowlin, A. W. - Oglesby, John. - Page, C. H. - Percival, C. D. - Pierce, R. C. - Peters, R. T. - Preston, L. P. - Preston, S. D. - Preston, T. L. - Salmons, G. J. - Sears, J. R. - Shelton, G. W. - Simpson, T. H. - Snead, W. B. - Spencer, C. S. - Stratton, A. B. - Sumpter, John U. H. - Shaver, W. H. - Taliaferro, Van. - Terry, A. W. C. - Thompson, J. H. - Toot, W. A. - Trigg, W. K. - Valentine, Joseph. - Waldron, R. L. - Watkins, R. W. - Walsh, T. C. - Woods, W. H. H. - Wheeler, J. M. - - - JEFFERSON DAVIS RIFLE, COMPANY H - - Captain, J. Risque Hutter. - First Lieutenant, William L. Goggin. - First Lieutenant, William S. Hannah. - Second Lieutenant, James W. Hord. - Second Lieutenant, Ro. D. Early. - First Sergeant, Jas. O. Freeman. - Second Sergeant, S. B. Wright. - Third Sergeant, D. C. Wright. - Fourth Sergeant, Wm. S. Thayer. - Fifth Sergeant, Brandon P. Neville. - First Corporal, George L. Jesse. - Second Corporal, Geo. T. Mitchell. - Third Corporal, Pat. H. Rourke. - Fourth Corporal, Charles Schade. - - - _Privates_ - - Akers, H. C. - Banton, Robert. - Banton, James H. - Banton, Richard. - Blanks, John N. - Blanks, Robert. - Burford, William. - Boland, John. - Brown, John C. - Cramer, A. W. - Callan, Dan. - Cunningham, Felix. - Davis, John R. - Davis, Thomas M. - Daniel, John. - Doyle, Henry. - Donatini, G. - Eagan, Gabriel. - Floyd, Alex. - Floyd, John J. - Floyd, Nathan D. - Flowers, Wm. P. - Flowers, Joseph W. - Fulks, Robert. - Fox, Edward. - Farrer, Robert. - Fitzgerald, Cyrus. - Fitzgerald, Ceyton L. - Gouldin, H. L. - Gouldin, William. - Geurtz, Peter. - Grossman, William. - Hanly, John. - Hurt, John H. - Humphrey, M. L. - Jones, Thomas. - Kyle, Benjamin M. - Labby, M. H. - Lavinder, James. - McCormack, L. - McCormick, S. - McCormack, Wm. - McCormack, Wm. D. - Mitchell, Richard H. - Micalany, Peter. - Musgrove, Franklin. - Myers, Samuel W. - Oliver, Pleasant. - O'Brien, Michael. - Rucker, George W. - Rucker, Paulus G. - Reynolds, James. - Reynolds, John H. - Rodgers, George W. - Rider, William. - Still, Thomas. - Stanly, Joseph. - Stanly, D. W. - Singleton, William H. - Seay, Isaac. - Seay, Richard. - Sprouse, Samuel. - Turner, Charles. - Whitten, James. - White, John W. - -The Eleventh Regiment soon won an enviable reputation; it was well -officered, well drilled and not excelled by any regiment in the First -Brigade, which was first commanded by Longstreet, then by A. P. Hill, -then by J. L. Kemper, and later by Wm. R. Terry. This brigade was as -good as any brigade in Pickett's Division; Pickett's Division was not -surpassed by any division in Longstreet's corps; Longstreet's Corps was -equal to any corps in the army of Northern Virginia, and the world never -saw a better army than the army of Northern Virginia. - -While at Manassas, many troops came on from the South. All were -organized into regiments and brigades. The First, Third, Seventh, -Eleventh and Seventeenth Virginia Regiments composed the First Brigade -of Virginia Infantry, commanded by Brig.-Gen. James Longstreet. In -September, 1862, the Seventeenth Regiment was put in Corse's Brigade, -and the Twenty-fourth Virginia was added to Longstreet's old brigade. - -The Twenty-fourth was then commanded by Col. W. R. Terry, Lieut.-Col. -Peter Hairston, and Maj. Richard F. Maury. - -The First Regiment was commanded by Col. P. T. Moore, of Richmond, -Lieut.-Col. G. W. Palmer, I think, and Maj. John Dooly, and was made up -entirely of Richmond companies. - -The Third Regiment was commanded by Col. Joseph Mayo, Jr., Lieut.-Col. -Wm. H. Pryor, and Maj. John D. Whitehead. - -The Seventh Regiment was commanded by Col. J. L. Kemper, of Madison -County; Lieut.-Col. W. Tazwell Patton, and Maj. C. C. Floweree. - -The Seventeenth Regiment was commanded by Col. M. D. Corse, of -Alexandria; Lieut.-Col. Morton Mayre, and Maj. Wm. Munford. - -There were many changes in these field officers. Perhaps I have failed -to name correctly all the original field officers. - - - - - CHAPTER IV - - BATTLE OF BLACKBURN'S FORD—THE BATTLE - BEGINS—THE ENEMY DRIVEN BACK—INCIDENTS - OF THE BATTLE - - -There were frequent rumors while in camp at Manassas that the Yankees -were advancing. On the 17th of July the report proved true; the Yankees -were coming sure enough this time. Longstreet's Brigade marched down to -Blackburn's Ford on Bull Run some mile and a half or two miles north of -Manassas. The regiments, except the Eleventh, were formed in line of -battle above and below the ford, along the south bank of the creek, or -run, as it is called, a small wooded stream with the ground rising on -the north side to quite a bluff, heavily timbered, the road from the -ford leading up through a narrow ravine. Other brigades were posted -along Bull Run above and below Blackburn's Ford. - -The men on the line of battle made temporary breastworks along the bank -of the run, with old logs, driftwood, and fence rails, and awaited the -coming of the enemy—skirmishers having been thrown well forward on the -high ground beyond the stream and woods. - -The Eleventh Regiment, held in reserve, was placed behind a small bluff, -a short distance south of the stream and above the ford. This bluff was -pretty good protection except from fragments of shells bursting -overhead. - -The enemy did not appear until the next day in the afternoon, when the -attack was made on the position at the ford about three o'clock. Company -A of the Eleventh Regiment was on picket, or skirmish line, across the -run, when a Yankee quartermaster captain rode down the road, and -enquired of one of the company if he knew where General McDowell's (the -Yankee commander's) headquarters were. The man replied, "No, I don't -know where General McDowell's headquarters are, but I can show you to -General Beauregard's very quick." The captain seeing his mistake wheeled -his horse and dashed away. - -Several of the pickets fired on him, when he tumbled from his horse -dead, shot through the body. The captain had on a pair of spurs, which -one of the men took off, and when the company returned to the regiment -after the Yankees advanced in force, gave the spurs to Major Harrison, -who put them on and in a short time thereafter received his death wound. -Unlucky spurs these! My recollection is, as I heard it after the battle, -that when the Yankee fell from his horse, Henry Beckwith said, as they -approached him, "If he is shot through the belt, I killed him. I aimed -at his belt"; and that the ball had entered the body at or near the -belt. Tom Davis, Leslie Price, and Jim Foulks, I think, were the other -men who fired. Who really fired the fatal shot was not known. - - - THE BATTLE BEGINS - -Pretty soon after the captain was shot, the Yankees advanced in line of -battle, the skirmishers in front engaging in a lively fight over on the -hill beyond the run, the Confederates retiring as the main body of the -enemy advanced. All knew then that the fight was beginning and would -soon be on in earnest. After the Confederate skirmishers returned to the -south side of the run everything was quiet—a deathlike stillness -prevailed for some time, which was intense and oppressive. All nerves -were strung to a high tension. We were on the eve of a battle, a sure -enough battle in which men would be wounded and killed, and who would be -the victims no one knew. - -Perhaps not a single man in the brigade, with the exception of General -Longstreet, had ever heard the sound of a hostile gun before that day. - -It was not long, however, until this silence was broken by the big boom -of a Yankee cannon away over on the hill, and simultaneously, a long -shell came shrieking through the air, making a noise that can not be -described; it was more like the neigh of an excited or frightened horse -than anything I can compare it to; a kind of "whicker, whicker, whicker" -sound as it swapped ends in the air. This shell passed over high above -all heads, striking the ground on the hill in the rear, making the dirt -fly, and tearing a hole in the ground, as some of the boys said, "Big -enough to bury a horse in." - -I have said that all nerves were highly strung while waiting for the -battle to begin. This shot and shell not only broke the silence and -relaxed the nerve tension, but severely tried not a few nerves, caused -many a heart to stand still, and face to blanch. I saw many pale faces; -don't know how I looked, but felt rather pale. - -This shell struck near a Confederate battery, which immediately limbered -up and went to the rear at a gallop—why, I never knew; the supposition -was that the battery withdrew in order to draw the Yankees on; if so, it -had the desired effect, for in a few minutes the musketry firing began -down at the ford. At first it was pop—pop—pop, then pop, pop, pop—and -then a continuous roar in which no single shot could be distinguished; -it was like a loud, continuing peal of heavy thunder. The roar was -punctuated by frequent cannon shot and bursting shells, which sounded -louder than the musketry. The noise was frightful, almost deafening, and -such as we never heard before, but knew full well it was the "noise and -din of battle," about which we had heard and read, but never -experienced. I must say it was more terrific and awe-inspiring than I -expected. Many of the balls and shells passed a few feet above us; -shells and grapeshot struck among the trees and bushes that crowned the -small bluff behind which the regiment was posted, with the rushing, -swishing, fear-creating noise heard many times afterwards, but which I -never learned to like or admire. - -History records that General Washington, in his youthful days, in -writing to a friend describing a battle with the Indians, said, "The -sound of the bullets was music to mine ear." Now, I never had much ear -for music, though I like good music, and can distinguish between good -and bad music. I here and now record that the sound of shell, solid -shot, grapeshot, shrapnel, minie ball, or any other kind of battle -noise, was never "music to mine ear"; therefore, I conclude that any and -all of these sounds, if music at all, is very poor music. - -During the battle, Company G, of the Eleventh Regiment, was deployed as -skirmishers along the run on the left flank of the Confederate line of -battle, not far from the position occupied by the regiment, the men all -lying down behind a fence that ran along the bank of Bull Run, in plain -view of the other companies of the Eleventh Regiment; no Yankees -appeared on this part of the line. And, I think, Company F was also -deployed below Company G near the run. - -The heavy firing in this battle did not last long, not over half an hour -perhaps, but it seemed a long time. - -In the midst of the heaviest firing, one of General Longstreet's staff -officers galloped up to the Eleventh Regiment and called for two -companies to go down to the ford. When asked how the battle was going, -he said, "They have the advantage of us just now, but we will drive them -back with these two companies." Some of the Yankees had charged across -the creek, or run, at the ford. Colonel Garland called out at the top of -his voice, "Major Harrison, take Company E and Company H down to the -ford." These two companies, with Major Harrison leading them on -horseback, rushed off through the bushes in double-quick time and into -the fight they went. - - - THE YANKEES DRIVEN BACK - -The Yankees were quickly driven back. Dr. G. W. Thornhill, surgeon of -the Eleventh Regiment, who went along to look after the wounded, -captured a Yankee who had crossed over the run and was hiding in the -bushes. Very soon, Major Harrison was borne back from the line of battle -on a stretcher, or litter, as it was called, shot through the body, and -as before said, mortally wounded. Major Harrison was a good officer and -a splendid man, very popular in the regiment, and his untimely death was -deeply lamented by all. It was rumored through the brigade that Colonel -Garland had been mortally wounded. When he heard this rumor, he said, -"It was a better man." A fine tribute this, to Major Harrison. - -Soon after the two companies went into the fight, the Twenty-fourth -Virginia Regiment, led by Col. Peter Hairston on horseback, came -double-quicking down the road leading to the ford. - -Company A of the Twenty-fourth was the leading company and was commanded -by Capt. C. M. Stigleman, and Dr. B. P. Elliott was orderly sergeant. -This company was from Floyd County. I did not know any of the officers -or men; but since I came to Floyd, have been well acquainted with nearly -all of them, and have often talked about the incidents of this day. I -have heard Dr. Elliott relate that, as they started into the fight they -passed by General Beauregard standing by the roadside, and that the -General spoke to each company as it passed saying, "Aim low, men." - -The doctor, in telling it, would laugh and say, "These words sent a -chill down my spinal column," and that when they emerged from the pines -into the open field, and saw the men of Company G lying down in skirmish -line, they thought these men had been killed and laid out there in a -row, and some one exclaimed, "Good God, look at the dead men!" - -Dr. Elliott also related, as they passed by Major Harrison, being borne -to the rear on the stretcher, the Major said, "Hurry up, men, or you -will be too late"; and that Colonel Early said to them as they started, -"Now, boys, if you don't run, the Yankees will." And when the command -was given the regiment to load, one of the captains stepped out in front -of his company and gave the command, "Load in nine times—load!" Then -"old Jube" in his piping voice at a high pitch, exclaimed, "Load in nine -times? Hell and damnation! Load in the most expeditious manner -possible." - -The Twenty-fourth was the leading regiment of a brigade commanded by -Col. Jubal A. Early. About the time the front files of the regiment was -half-way across the field between the pines and the run, Colonel Early -came riding along down by the line, his black horse in a long trot, -calling out, "Halt in front!" Colonel Hairston could not hear him on -account of the noise of the battle. Finally, Colonel Early reined in his -horse so hard that the war steed was thrown well back on his haunches, -and called out in a loud and emphatic tone, "Tell Colonel Hairston to -halt." From the position occupied by the Eleventh Regiment, we could see -and hear all these incidents. - -The word "halt" was passed rapidly along to the front of the regiment, -and just before the head of the column (the troops were marching by the -flank) reached the bushes bordering the run, they came to a halt, and -Colonel Early went forward to find General Longstreet and ascertain -where to place his brigade in line of battle. Just then the firing -slackened and in a few moments the musketry firing ceased altogether. -The Yankees had been driven back, retiring out of sight over the hill; -the artillery fire was kept up for some time, however. - -Up to this time the Confederates had no artillery engaged in the fight, -though a few shots were fired at the right flank of the enemy from -Mitchell's Ford, where General Bonham of South Carolina commanded. - -Soon after the musketry firing ceased, and while the Yankees were still -throwing shot and shell from their guns on the hill, scaring many but -hurting few, a battery of the New Orleans Washington Artillery came in a -gallop into the open field, and wheeling to the right into battery, -about midway between the pines and the run, unlimbered and opened up a -lively fire at the Yankee battery over on the hill beyond the run. These -batteries were not in sight the one of the other, the woods on and -beyond the run intervening to obstruct the view, the gunners firing at -the puffs of smoke from their opponents' guns. - -This was a lively and spirited artillery duel for a while, but the -plucky Louisianians proved too much for their opponents. When the Yankee -gunners got the range on them, they moved their guns by hand to the -right or left and poured shot and shell into the enemy thick and fast, -soon knocking their opponents out of action, disabling one or more of -their guns, and causing them to get out of range in great haste. The -Washington Artillery won laurels in this their first fight, which they -wore proudly and deservedly through the whole war, being conspicuous in -all the great battles in which the army of Northern Virginia engaged, -and always performing their part bravely and well. - - - INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE - -In the midst of the battle General Longstreet's big bay horse came -galloping out from the bushes along the run, riderless, and wild with -the noise and excitement of battle, dashing across the field with head -high in air, swaying from right to left, with bridle reins and stirrups -flying over his neck and back. We thought sure our General was either -killed or badly wounded, but it turned out that General Longstreet had -thrown himself off his horse to the ground to escape the fire of some of -his own men. The general was unhurt, and was soon again mounted on his -horse, though there was dirt on his clothes from the fall to the ground. -The smoke of the battle, which was thick and heavy along the run, soon -cleared away, the wounded were all carried to the field hospital in the -rear, the dead were laid away, and ere the shades of night set in, all -was peaceful and quiet along Bull Run, except that now and then the -words, "Friends on the other side, pass it down the line," were passed -from company to company along the line, our scouts, at intervals, -crossing over the run to watch the Yankees, lest, peradventure, they -might make another attack. But no other efforts were made to dislodge -the Confederates at Blackburn's Ford. - -The Yankees were very much surprised at the stubborn resistance they met -here. Their newspapers, and other writers since, gave conflicting -statements of the affair, some making light of it as a battle, claiming -that it was only a reconnoissance in force, a mere skirmish. Others -attributed it to the "rash enthusiasm" of Gen. E. B. Tyler, who thought -he could easily brush aside the rebels and march on to Manassas. General -McDowell, the commander-in-chief, who had established his headquarters -at Centreville, contemplated, it was said, turning the Confederates' -left flank when all his troops were up and everything ready for the -attack. General Tyler had in the fight, Richardson's and Sherman's -Brigades of Infantry, and Ayres's Battery. These were met and -successfully resisted by Longstreet with his brigade, with eight -companies of one of the regiments, the Eleventh, in reserve. - -The loss in this engagement was small for the amount of shooting done. -The Confederates' loss was about twenty and the Yankees' about one -hundred. This engagement on the 18th made General McDowell stop and -ponder until the 21st of July, when the battle of Manassas was fought, -and won by the Confederates. - -About sundown on the 18th the Eleventh Regiment and Early's Brigade -relieved the troops who had been engaged, taking position along the run -above and below the ford, where they remained on the _qui vive_ all -night and the next day, without seeing or hearing of a single Yankee. - -The trees and bushes along and in the rear of the line of battle were -scarred by big and little shot. The Yankees, being above on the bluff, -overshot the Confederates. - -Up on the bluff we saw the first dead Yankee—he lay stark and cold in -death upon the hillside among the trees in the gloom of the gathering -twilight: the pale face turned towards us, upon which we looked with -feelings mingled with awe and dread. We had heard and seen many new and -strange things that day. Later on in the war, we could look upon the -slain on the battlefield with little less feeling than upon the carcass -of an animal. Such are some of the hardening effects of war. I don't -think we were again as badly scared as on that day; I was not, I am -sure. - -Longstreet's Brigade remained at and near Blackburn's Ford all through -the 19th and 20th of July, waiting for and expecting another attack, -discussing the events of the battle, and conjecturing as to what would -be the next move in the game of war. I remember talking with Lieut. Jim -Hord of Company H along this line, when he remarked, "There will be a -big battle Sunday—most all of the big fights come off on Sunday." This -prophecy came true. The brigade had received its baptism of fire, the -nerves and mettle of the men had been tried, and while it was a -nerve-racking ordeal, yet all had stood the test, so far as I remember, -except one officer in command of a company in the Eleventh Regiment, -whose nerve seemed to fail him. He was taken sick and collapsed; was -taken to the rear and never returned to his company. - -I think if it had not been for pride and regard for reputation, a good -many of us would have been like a negro cook in Company C: George, who -belonged to my brother-in-law, Robert Cocke, and had been with the -company as one of the cooks, brought down from the camp at Manassas -about noon on the 18th some cooked rations, and when the battle -commenced, was back in the rear near the hospital. When the Yankee -shells began to fall and burst in his vicinity, George broke and ran for -dear life back to camp, stopping only long enough to say, "Dem big balls -come flying over me saying, 'Whar is you? whar is you?' an' I lit out -from dar in a hurry," and away he went up the railroad track four miles -to Bristow Station. The boys laughed at George a great many times about -his ignominious flight; George, however, never expressed a regret that -he took to his heels and made good time out of danger. - -The Confederate lines extended along the south side of Bull Run about -eight miles, that small and insignificant stream having been chosen by -General Beauregard as his line of defense, instead of waiting, as was -expected by the inexperienced, for the enemy to come on to Manassas, -which position had been fortified and the forts mounted with big guns. -Of course, the enemy would have never attacked this place, but flanked -it, viz., marched around the place and forced the Confederates to -evacuate. On Bull Run the right of the Confederate lines was at Union -Mills, with General Ewell in command. Next up the run was McLean's Ford, -where General Jones and his brigade were posted. Next came Blackburn's -Ford, where, as before said, was posted Longstreet's Brigade; then came -General Bonham at Mitchell's Ford with his brigade; next above this was -Ball's Ford, with Gen. Phillip St. George Cocke in command of a brigade, -and lastly the Stone Bridge, the extreme Confederate left, in charge of -General Evans with his brigade. The general direction of Bull Run is -from west to east, or rather, from northwest to southeast. - -General Holmes with his brigade and Colonel Early with his brigade, and -maybe others, were back in reserve, and when Generals Jackson, Bee, and -Bartow arrived with their brigades, they were also held in reserve. -There were also batteries of artillery along the lines near the several -fords, with cavalry on the flanks, and at intervals back from the run. - -Along Bull Run, nearly all the way, grew trees and bushes, and much of -the ground back of the stream on either side was covered with -second-growth pines and scrub-oaks, the ground being rolling, though -tolerably level. - -McDowell's command was concentrated at and near Centreville, about a -mile north of Bull Run, and consisted of thirty-five or forty thousand -men. Beauregard had twelve or fifteen thousand men; Gen. Jos. E. -Johnston brought to his relief in the very nick of time on the 21st some -ten or twelve thousand men. - - - - - CHAPTER V - - THE BATTLE OF FIRST MANASSAS—GENERAL JOHNSTON - TO THE RESCUE—GEN. KIRBY SMITH - TURNS THE TIDE OF BATTLE—THE REBEL - YELL—THE NEWS OF VICTORY—THE - ENEMY NOT PURSUED—GATHERING - THE SPOILS - - -On Sunday morning, the 21st of July, quite early, on the left, up the -run, the ball opened again, and "partners, to your places," was the -order, or in army parlance, "Fall in!" "Attention!" The Yankee General, -McDowell, stole a march on General Beauregard that morning. - -Beauregard had planned to take the aggressive, by making an attack on -McDowell's left near Centreville, and when General Johnston reached -Beauregard about noon on the 20th, he approved the plan; accordingly -orders were issued that night to begin the battle the next morning at -sunrise. The right wing of the Confederate forces was to cross the run -and attack the left wing of the Yankee army. McDowell had also been -doing some planning himself, and as he got in the first lick, frustrated -the Confederate general's scheme. - -He, too, proposed to use his right arm in an attack on the Confederate -left wing. McDowell put his army in motion before daybreak on the -morning of the 21st of July, moving out from Centreville. A small column -of infantry, artillery and cavalry, in battle array, marched out on the -road leading to the stone bridge, the Confederate left, and at daylight -formed line of battle and opened fire at long range, while the main body -of the army was making a detour through the woods still higher up the -run, and crossing at Sudley's Ford two miles above the stone bridge -unopposed, marched down on the Confederate left flank and rear. As soon -as General Evans, who was in command at the stone bridge, was apprised -of this movement on the left, he changed front with a part of his -brigade to meet the attack and sent for reënforcements. Generals Bee and -Bartow first came to his relief, and in a short time the battle was -raging fiercely. Generals Johnston and Beauregard hearing the firing to -the left, and learning the extent and object of this movement of the -enemy, at once abandoned their contemplated attack with their right -wing, and bent every energy to resist the attack on their left. -Beauregard went immediately to the front and displayed great gallantry, -personally leading the troops in the charge, while Johnston remained -back to direct the forwarding of the troops to reënforce the -hard-pressed left. - -Before sufficient reënforcements could reach the scene of conflict, the -heavy columns of the enemy drove back the small forces confronting them. -The position at the stone bridge being flanked by the enemy and -abandoned by the Confederates, the Yankee column in front of this -position crossed over and joined the flanking column of the enemy. Some -desperate fighting was done here, and noble deeds of valor performed by -men and officers never before in battle. - -Bee and Bartow, two young generals from South Carolina and Alabama, won -immortal fame, both giving their lives to the cause on that (to them) -fateful day. Reënforcements were hurried forward as fast as possible, -but still the Confederate lines were pressed slowly back, contesting -every foot of ground, which was covered in many places with -second-growth pines. - - - GENERAL JOHNSTON TO THE RESCUE - -By preärrangement, of which none but the chief Confederate officers -knew, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, who was confronting a Yankee army in the -Valley under General Patterson, who had orders to hold Johnston in the -Valley while McDowell attacked Beauregard at Manassas, was to come to -General Beauregard's support at the proper time. And if General McDowell -stole a march on Beauregard on the morning of the 21st, General Johnston -had on the 18th stolen a march on Patterson. On the 18th, about noon, -Johnston got word from Beauregard that McDowell was in his front with an -army much larger than his own, and that now was the time to help. -Johnston, who was then at Winchester, at once put his army in motion up -the Valley pike, then marching across towards the Blue Ridge to -Piedmont, with Jackson's Brigade in the lead, which marched seventeen -miles that afternoon. Jackson boarded the cars at Piedmont, and on the -20th by noon was at Manassas, the other troops following. Jackson, as -before said, was placed in rear of the line along Bull Run as a reserve, -and now, at a critical moment on the 21st, arrived on the battlefield, -and noting the situation, remarked, so it was said, "We will give those -people the bayonet," and forming his brigade in line of battle, stood -firmly awaiting the propitious moment, as the Yankees were ascending the -pine-covered hill on which he and his men stood. General Bee called on -his broken and retreating men of the far South to "rally on the -Virginians." "Look," exclaimed Bee to the South Carolinians and -Alabamians, "see Jackson and his men standing like a stone wall!" Then -and there the sobriquet of "Stonewall" was given to this demigod of war -and his brigade, which will live forever. - -As the Yankee line pressed up the hill, Jackson charged, driving them -back in confusion, thus giving the first substantial check to the enemy, -who had pressed back the Confederate lines for a mile or more. - - - GEN. KIRBY SMITH TURNS THE TIDE OF BATTLE - -And there was to be another "Richmond on the field," very soon. Generals -Kirby Smith and Elzey, of Johnston's command, were on the train on the -Manassas Gap road, hurrying as fast as steam could carry them to -Manassas Junction. - -Hearing the firing to the left and knowing that the battle was not far -away, instead of going on to Manassas Junction, General Smith stopped -the trains before reaching that place, detrained the troops, and -following the rule of war, "marched across the country to the sound of -the heaviest firing," struck the enemy on his flank, with a wild yell -that terrified the Yankees, and caused them to break in great confusion. - -General Smith was shot from his horse, though not killed. General Elzey, -who, with his brigade, had just arrived on the scene of action, then -assumed command, and pushing his troops still further to the rear of the -Yankee lines, completed the rout. - -Such a rout and stampede as then and there occurred has scarcely been -equaled in the annals of war. Of course, the Yankees had some troops -back towards Centreville and on the left of their line, who were not -routed and panic stricken, but I am quite sure from what I afterwards -heard, and saw the next day, every mother's son of them who crossed to -the west or south side of Bull Run that day were completely routed and -demoralized. - - - THE REBEL YELL - -While a prisoner during the last year of the war, I talked with a Yankee -sergeant who was in the battle, and asked him why they were so badly -routed. His answer was, "Well, when Kirby Smith came in on our flank and -raised that _yell_, we just thought the Rebels were rising up out of the -ground in those pines, everywhere, when we broke and ran, and never -stopped until we crossed the Long Bridge into Washington City." This -Yankee laid stress on the "yell." The Yankee cheering was done in unison -and in time. It was "hip, hip, huzza, huzza, huzza," which sounded -coarse and harsh to the ear, while the "Rebel yell" was one continuous -shout of mingled voices, without any intermission, unisonance or time. -Each man just opened his mouth as wide as he could, strained his voice -to the highest pitch and yelled as long as his breath lasted, then -refilling the lungs, repeated it again and again. It was a commingling -of shrill, loud sounds, that rent the air and could be heard for a -distance of two miles or more, often carrying terror to the enemy. It -was awe-inspiring to the Yankees, but joyous sounds to the Confederates -when victory was achieved. The "Rebel yell" was a child of victory, born -that day on the plains of Manassas, and was afterwards, by common -consent, adopted as the battle shout of the army of Northern Virginia. - -I have given at some length, principally from hearsay, the main features -of the battle on the left of the Confederate lines, in order that what -occurred at and near Blackburn's Ford, where Longstreet's Brigade was -posted, may be better described and understood. - -During the whole of this day, the Yankees kept up a show of fight at -Blackburn's Ford, in order to prevent the Confederate troops on the -right from going to the relief of the hard-pressed left. Bonham, Holmes, -Ewell, Early (except the Twenty-fourth Regiment, which remained at -Blackburn's Ford), and Cocke, or the greater part of these brigades, -were sent to the left. Early was late in getting upon the scene of -action, owing to the miscarriage of the order for him to move, which -was, from some unknown cause, delayed three hours. He rendered good -service, however, pressing still further on the enemy's right and rear -than Kirby Smith and Elzey had done. Jones and Longstreet remained at -McLean's and Blackburn's Ford. - - - UNDER SHELLING - -Throughout the whole day the Yankees shelled these positions at -intervals of every five or ten minutes. - -In the afternoon the two brigades and the Twenty-fourth Regiment crossed -over the run, formed in column of regiments and lay down in the woods, -expecting every moment to be ordered forward and charge the battery in -front, the shells from which were continually bursting among the -tree-tops, cutting off branches, these, and the fragments of shells, -falling around, now and then striking some one. - -I remember how sleepy I was, lying there in the woods that hot July day, -often dozing between the shots. We had slept but little the past three -nights. The boom of the guns, the scream of the shells, the dull thud of -the pieces striking the ground and sometimes a man, was enough to awake -the dead almost, and made all lie low and hug mother earth pretty -closely, but still I dozed between shots. - -It is surprising how close men can get to the ground when lying under a -good, brisk shelling; great affection seems to be manifested for the -dust, from which all sprung. At such times, a lizard, when rocked by a -boy, never laid flatter on a fence rail than the soldiers lay on the -ground. It was afterwards said, that orders were sent Jones and -Longstreet to advance on the enemy's left near Centreville, but the -order was not delivered; it was conjectured that the messenger was -killed by a shell. - -All day at Blackburn's Ford we could hear the battle raging up the run -to the left; the booming of cannon, the explosion of the shells, and the -noise of the musketry could be distinctly heard. - -Sometimes the sounds would die down, the musketry firing amounting to -little more than a sharp skirmish; then again the noise of the battle -would rise higher and louder, sometimes drawing nearer and then recede -and die down almost entirely, then fiercely rise again, while the loud -peals of the battery in our front waked the echoes far and near. All -this time the strain and suspense were terrible; no tidings as to how -the battle was going came to us; no news came, only the roar of the -battle two or three miles away could be heard. I thought this fight was -the biggest that had ever occurred in the history of the world; others -were of the same opinion. Col. Bob Preston in the midst of the battle -remarked to Colonel Withers, as I heard Colonel Withers relate -afterwards, that "the battle of Waterloo was a mere skirmish to it." I -could not conceive on the 18th, while the fighting was in progress, how -any could escape where so much shooting was going on. And, now on this, -the 21st, the shooting was going on all day. - -What must be the result! How many dead and dying were lying on the field -of strife? Were our friends getting the best of the fight, or were the -Yankees going to be victorious? How soon would we be called into action, -and charge through the open fields up "to the very cannon's mouth"? And -what would be the result? Would we capture the battery and drive away -the infantry support, or be repulsed and driven back? Who and how many -would be left on the field wounded, bleeding, dying and dead? All this -and much more we had time to think of on that hot, never-to-be-forgotten -21st day of July, 1861. This was one of the days that the sun seemed to -stand still, or move slower than usual. I never saw our company, -regiment or brigade falter in battle or fail to respond to any call, but -I never saw them "eager for the fight," as it is sometimes expressed. My -observation of men, and my own feelings on the eve of the battle, going -into the fight, or in the midst of strife, was that the bravest realized -the danger and dreaded the fiery ordeal, yet did their duty when bidden. - -Dr. W. H. Taylor in his "Experiences of an Assistant Surgeon," says, "I -freely admit that I was never in a battle but that I should have felt -the most exultant joy if I had been out of it." I freely concur in this -statement as to myself and all whom I observed in battle. - - - THE NEWS OF VICTORY - -At last, as the sun was sinking over the western hills, and the shadows -lengthening, tidings from the battlefield came, and joyful news it was. - -The firing had just ceased, except now and then a cannon shot in the -distance; the battery in our front had ceased firing—there was an -ominous silence; the very air around us, hot and sultry as it was, -seemed surcharged with something more than summer heat and sulphuric -fumes from exploding shells. Every man was now on his feet, all nerves -were strung to the highest pitch; every one, from the highest officer to -the humblest private, wore a look of intense anxiety, all in silent -expectancy. What did all this portend? Was it a calm before a mightier -storm than we had heard during the day, that was about to burst? Or had -the storm already spent itself, and what was the result? Or had the -contestants in the deadly all-day strife up the run been exhausted, and -lay limp and impotent on the ground, unable to strike another blow, the -one at the other? Or had they, like the Kilkenny cats, devoured each -other, leaving none to tell the tale? - -As the noise of battle died away, from away up the run we heard shouts -and cheers, at first scarcely audible, then louder and nearer came the -cheers, rolling along down the valley of Bull Run in seeming waves of -mingled voices, each wave rising higher and more distinct. Messengers -mounted on fleet-footed steeds, which that day had become war horses -that sniffed the smoke of battle, not "from afar," but on the very field -of strife and carnage, hurried down the lines along the run, shouting, -"Victory! victory! victory; complete victory!" Each detachment took up -the joyous shout and wafted it on to those below. From Mitchell's Ford, -just above us, where Bonham and his South Carolinians on the 18th held -the fort and let fly the dogs of war on the enemy's flank, Longstreet's -Brigade caught the inspiration and raised its first "Rebel yell" that -made the welkin ring, and sent the glad and glorious news on down to -Jones and his men at McLean's Ford, and quickly came the echo back in -ringing peals. - -Then details of the victory began to come in. The enemy was completely -routed; many prisoners and many guns had been captured. Then it came -that "Long Tom," a noted Yankee cannon, was captured; then that -Sherman's Battery, the crack artillery of the United States Army, was -taken; then that Rickett's, another noted battery, and also Griffin's, -had all been captured. The first mentioned battery, with Capt. W. T. -Sherman in command, won laurels in the Mexican War, and had been known -ever since as Sherman's Battery. - -Longstreet at once led his brigade forward into the open field, at the -farther side of which was a redoubt with abattis in front, where had -been stationed the Yankee guns that shelled us all day. How different -were our feelings now from what they would have been if we had entered -this field during the day, and been met by a shower of shot, shell, -grape and canister! Now, we were without fear, exultant and in high -spirits; before, we would have been rent with missiles of death, great -gaps would have been torn through the column of regiments, and many -would have been left wounded and dead on the field. - -The brigade marched on into the woods beyond the field towards -Centreville, bivouacking on the ground of a Yankee camp, which the enemy -had just abandoned, leaving evidences of hasty departure; coffee, sugar, -hard-tack, and many articles of food and equipments lay scattered -around. Some of the men shouted, "Don't eat them things, they may be -pizened." Later on the "pizen" was not for a moment considered when a -Yankee camp was raided, and when many a hungry Rebel ate to his full -once more. - -As the Eleventh Regiment was taking position in camp for the night, -General Longstreet, "Old Pete," as he was sometimes called, rode close -by, when Colonel Garland called on the men of the Eleventh to give three -cheers for General Longstreet, which were given with a will, then some -one, Captain Clement, I think, called out, "Three cheers for Colonel -Garland," and again the shouts were raised. Warnings were sent not to -use the water from Bull Run; it was said the stream up about the stone -bridge was filled with dead Yankees and overflowing its banks from the -obstructions of the bodies. This was a great exaggeration; in fact, few, -if any, Yankees were dead in the stream. - -The Yankee army was in full retreat, and more; the larger part of it was -in complete rout and panic. The cry of "On to Richmond" was quickly -changed to "Back to Washington." - -A soldier, unless panic stricken, will hold on to his gun to the last; -only when completely demoralized does he cast away his weapon of offense -and defense, then he is little more than a frightened animal. The army -of Northern Virginia was never panic stricken. General Lee said, "My men -sometimes fail to drive the enemy, but the enemy does not drive my men," -which was literally true up to the very beginning of the end, or rather, -if the expression is permissible, up to the very ending of the end. Let -the mind run back over the long list of desperate encounters that this -army had with the enemy during those four bloody years, and this will be -found to be literally true. - - - THE ENEMY NOT PURSUED - -Much has been said about the failure of a vigorous pursuit of the enemy -at and immediately after this battle of Manassas. Without going into -details or giving reasons in _in extenso_ for my opinion, I have always -contended that Johnston and Beauregard acted wisely and prudently under -all the circumstances. No one in the Confederate army at the close of -that day knew or had any means of knowing how panic stricken the Yankee -soldiers really were. There were several thousand soldiers in and around -Centreville, who had not been engaged, in position and condition to -resist a pursuit by any force the Confederates could have sent against -them that night; it's a very risky business to pursue a retreating army -in the night time; traps, ambuscades, and surprises are easily planned -and executed, into which the rash pursuers are sure to fall. A large -majority of the Confederate troops had been marching or fighting, or -both, all day, many without rations, and were in no condition to pursue -the enemy ten, fifteen or twenty miles that night. The bulk of the -fleeing enemy had gotten several miles away, and was still going, before -it could have been possible to organize anything like a systematic and -immediate pursuit. Even if the enemy had had no organized rear guard, it -would have been one mob pursuing another mob. - -The Confederate army could not have possibly reached the vicinity of the -Potomac River opposite Washington City before the next day, and then not -before noon. Here all approaches were well fortified, mounted with siege -guns and manned, and the capture of Washington would have been an -impossibility. - -So then, away with the cry then raised by bomb-proof generals in -editors' chairs a hundred miles or more away, and, as has been since -often repeated, that "if Johnston and Beauregard had pursued, or if Jeff -Davis, who came upon the scene of action late in the afternoon, had not -prevented a pursuit, Washington could have been captured and the war -then and there ended." I did not believe then, have not since, nor now -believe, that any such thing could have been accomplished. - -And above and far beyond all opinions and speculations on this question -is the fact, that Joseph E. Johnston, G. T. Beauregard, and Jefferson -Davis were all on the ground, and if these three men, with all their -experience, wisdom and information did not know what was the right thing -to do, who could, would, or should have known? - -In this battle the losses were nothing like as large as expected, when -all was summed up. The Confederate loss was estimated at a little less -than four hundred killed and not quite fifteen hundred wounded. - -The enemy lost about five hundred killed, one thousand wounded, and -about fifteen hundred prisoners. - -The Confederates captured many pieces of cannon, thousands of small -arms, accoutrements, camp equipage, etc. - - - GATHERING THE SPOILS - -On the next day, the 22d of July, Longstreet's Brigade was detailed to -scour the country between Centreville and the Stone Bridge to secure the -cast-away arms and equipments the Yankees left in their wild flight from -the battlefield. The whole brigade was deployed, as if in skirmish line, -on either side of the Warrenton turnpike, converging as it moved on to -the crossing at the Stone Bridge. The greater part of the day was spent -in picking up muskets, cartridge-boxes, belts, knapsacks, haversacks, -canteens, coats, hats, blankets, etc. It was a dark, drizzly, foggy day, -much of the way through second growth pines. I remember as we were -crouching beneath the low-hanging branches of the pines late in the -afternoon, some of Company C were considerably startled by a cry of -"halt." It proved to be a little Yankee soldier, a mere youth, who was -hatless and had been wounded in the head, which was bound up with a -bloody bandage. He had been in hiding since the day before in the pine -thicket, presenting a forlorn appearance as he crept out from his hiding -place. He had called out "halt," doubtless from habit formed while on -guard duty, to attract attention. He was not badly wounded and was taken -along and turned over to the provost guard who had charge of the -prisoners. - -Crossing over the stone bridge, the brigade went into camp for the night -at the top of the long hill on the Warrenton pike, on a part of the -battlefield where there were many dead horses and men, broken cannon -carriages, caissons, and ammunition wagons. - -Along the road between the stone bridge and Centreville much flotsam and -jetsam, cast-away and abandoned things, lay strewn around on all sides. -Large numbers of people, men and women, had followed in the wake of the -army to witness the battle, and to join in the "On to Richmond," which -all expected to follow at once. It was currently reported and believed -among the Yankee soldiers and people of the North that the "Rebel army" -was but a half-organized mob, armed only with flint-lock muskets and -shotguns that could be easily brushed out of the way. Great preparations -had been made for a big ball in the city of Richmond within the next few -days. Many carriages filled with women, with all their ball costumes, -were also along; Congressmen and other dignitaries came from Washington -to witness the battle, and see the "Rebels run"; wagons and carts loaded -with baskets of wines, liquors, and other things; stacks of pound-cake, -confectioneries and fruits, oranges, lemons, etc. During the day, while -the "Rebels" were being driven back, these spectators followed along the -road and drew near the stone bridge, all, no doubt, in high feather and -glee with much eating and drinking, and watched the scenes at the front. - -When the tide of battle turned and the stream of flying Yankee soldiers, -artillery, caissons, ammunition wagons and ambulances came rushing back, -these spectators, in dismay and horror, turned to fly, but the mad rush -of the army fleeing was upon them; no respect was paid to sex or person. -It was, "Every man for himself and the devil take the hindermost." - -The Confederate batteries galloped to the top of the hill south of the -run and sent shells screaming along the road. The cavalry crossed the -stone bridge and dashed into the rearmost ranks, all causing confusion -worst confounded. Carriages, carts and wagons were upset, their -occupants and contents dumped out and scattered along the road. Some of -these civilians were taken prisoners, including Congressman Eli, of -percussion-cap fame, whose carriage had broken down or overturned; I -think he was taken to Richmond and soon afterwards released, and -returned to Washington, doubtless a wiser, if not a better man. At the -stone bridge a wagon or gun-carriage had been overturned or broken down; -here there was a perfect jam of all kinds of vehicles that blocked the -bridge. - -After this our men were much better supplied with guns, cartridge-boxes, -haversacks, canteens, knapsacks, oilcloths, blankets, and many other -things; and all during the war until the last year, 1865, the Yankees -supplied Lee's army with such things, leaving them laying around loose -on almost every battlefield. - -The next day the brigade marched back to camp at Manassas, passing over -much of the battlefield, where still lay among the scrub-pines many -swollen, blackened corpses yet unburied, though details were at work at -the gruesome task. Conspicuous among the dead bodies could be seen the -New York Zouaves with flashy uniforms and red fez with tassel, loose, -red knee-pants and long stockings; big stalwart fellows they were, with -bronzed faces and necks, but now they lay dead upon the battlefield. And -doubtless some, if not all of us, in the words of the "good old Rebel," -"wished we'd killed some more." - -These men had invaded Virginia with guns in their hands, and we knew -they had met their just deserts. Virginia and the South only wanted to -be let alone; peacefully to withdraw from the compact, leaving the -states north of Mason and Dixon's line with their "Union and their -Flag," to cherish and love as they pleased. Only this and nothing more. -But the North would not, as Horace Greeley advised, "Let their erring -sisters of the South depart in peace." Instead, they waged upon the -South a most cruel and devastating war. The Yankees are still charging -that the South tried to break up the United States Government. This is a -false charge. The South made no attack on the United States Government. -The South only attempted to get from under the yoke of the North and be -a free people. - - - - - CHAPTER VI - - TO CENTREVILLE AND FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE—PICKET - CLOSE TO THE ENEMY—EXCITING - TIMES ON PICKET—BACK TO CENTREVILLE—THE - FIGHT AT - DRAINESVILLE - - -On the 24th of July, the brigade broke camp at Manassas and marched to -Centreville, where the Eleventh Regiment pitched its tents, just on the -outskirts of that little hamlet of a few houses. - -Other troops were camped round about, all in fine spirits, fast learning -to be soldiers, always keeping up the drills, company and regimental. -Colonel Garland was a fine drill officer and had the regiment well -drilled. While here General Longstreet had brigade drills a few times, -but this did not amount to much, and was never tried again. In battle -the maneuvers practiced in drilling were seldom used; but drilling -learned the men to keep together, rally and get into line quickly when -separated. In battle few orders were heard except "fall into line," -"load," "commence firing," "cease firing," "forward," "charge," and the -like. Sometimes, but not often, in the army of Northern Virginia, the -command was heard, "fall back." - - - ADVANCE TO FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE - -On the 10th of August, 1861, the brigade moved to Fairfax Court House, -seven miles. The day was intensely hot, and many fell by the wayside, -going into camp just north of the town; not a very desirable camping -ground, as it was rather low and flat. It rained a good deal and there -was a great deal of sickness, measles, typhoid fever, and diarrhea. It -was surprising how many men had never had measles; it seemed that half -or more of the army had the disease the first year of the war, and large -numbers died from the effects. Typhoid fever frequently followed the -measles, often proving fatal. While here my brother Coon had measles -which was followed by fever. He was taken to the field hospital near -camp, and after remaining there in a tent a few days, Dr. Thornhill said -if he was not sent away he would die. I immediately went to work and got -a sick-furlough for him, carried him to Manassas in an ambulance, put -him on the train the next day on a mattress and started him for -Lynchburg; he was too sick and weak to sit up, but I could not go with -him. On the train, as good fortune would have it, was the Rev. H. M. -Linney, a Methodist preacher, who was or had been the year before on the -Campbell County circuit. Mr. Linney acted the part of the Good Samaritan -and ministered to his wants until the train reached Lynchburg, where he -was met by my brother-in-law, Mr. Geo. A. Burks, to whom I had wired. -Mr. Burks took him to his house where he had a long and severe spell of -fever. - - - PICKET CLOSE TO ENEMY—EXCITING TIMES - -After the brigade moved to Fairfax Court House, we did a great deal of -picket duty down towards Alexandria and Washington City, close to the -enemy's line. We were sometimes in sight of the dome of the capital, and -could see the Yankees drilling on the high hills on the south side of -the Potomac River. The Yankees often had a balloon up in the air, -anchored by a long cable, at which a cannon shot would sometimes be -fired, and a shot brought it down. This shot, I think, was fired by -Lieut. Thos. L. Rosser, afterwards General Rosser. The principal picket -posts were at Mason's, Munson's and Upton's Hill's, Falls Church, and -near Annandale. - -One night Company C, and a cavalry company commanded by Captain —— -Carter, were on picket near Annandale, close to the enemy's line, when, -about midnight, a squad of Company C, on outpost duty, came in to the -reserve post, and reported that a body of cavalry was approaching along -the road by which we had come from Centreville. It was at once -conjectured that the Yankee cavalry had, by another road, flanked our -position, gotten in the rear and was attempting to bag the Confederate -pickets. Captains Clement and Carter made disposition of the two -companies to give the enemy a warm reception. Company C was posted along -the fence by the roadside, while Captain Carter formed his company in -the field a short distance in the rear. Instructions were given to the -men to let the cavalry approaching pass along the road until the head of -the column reached the extreme right of our line, and then, at a signal -from Captain Clement, to open fire on them, when Captain Carter and his -company would charge; this was the plan and instructions in case the -approaching horsemen proved to be, as was believed, Yankees. - -The night was dark; objects could be distinguished only a few feet away. -In silence we anxiously awaited the coming of the approaching -cavalrymen, the noise of whose horses' hoofs we soon heard coming down -the hill; the suspense was intense. Every man had his gun at a "ready," -determined, at the proper signal, to pour a volley into the enemy, who, -when along the road in our immediate front, would not be more than ten -feet from the muzzles of the guns. On, the horsemen came in silence, -right along in our front; each man clutched his musket tighter; not a -word or whisper was uttered, until the front files of the column had -reached the right of the line, when Captain Clement, who had taken -position at that point, called out in his deep bass voice, in a firm -tone, "Halt! Who comes there?" In an instant the horsemen came to a -standstill and the answer to the challenge came from the front files, -"Friends, with the countersign;" whereupon Captain Clement called out, -"Advance one and give the countersign." One of the men came up and in a -low tone gave the word, which, as I remember, was "Richmond." Captain -Clement at once called out, "Countersign correct, advance, friends," and -the scare was over, and each party felt much relieved. - -Explanations followed, which developed that this company had been sent -down to strengthen the picket post, and had not taken the precaution to -send a single horseman in front to notify us of their coming. - -These men thought, they said, when they were halted and heard the click -of some of our men's musket locks, as they made ready to fire, that they -were right in the midst of the Yankees. If a single shot had been fired -by either side (and it is often hard to restrain men under such -circumstances), there would have been many friends slain by friends. I -think this was after we moved back to Centreville in the fall. - -Another, and for a time rather serious, but in the end, amusing incident -occurred while on picket near Falls Church. Here the lines were close -together and the pickets often in sight of each other. The picket forces -were heavy, sometimes with a battery of artillery along. On one occasion -the Yankees had a post in a house a few hundred yards away, across a -wooded ravine, and the captain of the battery concluded he would shell -this Yankee post. Company C was drawn up in line, near by, as a support -in case the Yankees made a dash to capture the guns. Two guns were let -loose on the house, and it was fun to watch the Yankees scamper out and -take to their heels. Pretty soon some one said, "Don't you hear the -Yankees bringing up their guns? They are going to shell us." This -changed the humor of the men very quickly from hilarity and good -feelings to solemnity and anxiety for their own safety. Just as it was -expected the Yankee guns were about to open fire, one of the men, -looking pretty nervous and rather pale about the gills, like most of us, -turned to Captain Clement and said with earnestness, "I don't think it -is _far_ to have cannon on picket." It was great fun to see the Yankees -skedaddle, but quite another thing to be shelled. The Yankees did not -shell us, but we laughed at Peter Cary many times afterwards about this -remark. - -While on picket down there at Falls Church we fared fine. I remember -some of us would go every morning to a house for breakfast, where we -feasted on buckwheat cakes, butter, honey and milk. - -Near Mason's Hill, at a picket post, there was a large farm occupied by -a Yankee, who had abandoned it upon the approach of the Confederates, -and gone within the Yankee lines, leaving a fine garden, large -cornfields, fruit, etc. The soldiers were told these things had been -confiscated by the Confederate authorities for their use, on account of -the disloyalty of the owner, and they fairly feasted on roasting-ears, -potatoes, tomatoes, etc.,—boiling camp kettles full of potatoes and -corn. Some of the men would eat as many as twelve or fourteen ears of -corn at one time; Ned Gilliam, I believe, was the champion corn eater, -and Tom and Jabe Rosser, Sam Franklin, the Tweedy and Jones boys, and -others, were close seconds. I think maybe they appropriated some -bee-gums, or their contents, and perhaps some jars of preserves and -other sweets. I must say that Company C had very few men in it who would -forage illegally. On one occasion a year or two afterwards, I suspected -some of the company of killing a hog while down in the south-side of -Virginia, though I did not know it, and took no pains to investigate, as -meat was very scarce about that time: in fact, we had none, and it was -right hard for a soldier to let a hog bite him and not kill it when -hungry. I have heard soldiers say that they would kill a sheep if it -tried to bite them. Some of the boys told a story on R. H. Jones about -eating, or rather, not eating "stolen hog." Bob was quite young and very -conscientious. On one occasion his mess had fresh pork for breakfast -which they did not draw from the commissary. When the chops were fried -brown and crisp, the boys gathered around the frying-pan and began -eating. Bob sat aloof, munching on his corn pone, when some one said, -"Bob, have some meat." "No," drawled Bob, "I don't eat stolen hog," all -the while looking at the pan and nibbling away on his dry bread. Again -some one said, "Bob, you better have some, it's mighty good." Bob -reached over towards the pan with his bread and said, "I won't eat any -of the meat, but will take a little of the gravy." - -While encamped around Fairfax Court House, the whole army was thrown -into a high fever of excitement one day by the beating of the long roll. -Under the army regulations the long roll is never beaten except in cases -of emergency—the sudden and unexpected attack or approach of the enemy. -When the long roll is sounded it is the duty of every drum corps in -hearing to take it up and repeat it, and every man is hastily called to -arms. On this occasion the long roll was started without cause by a -_fresh_ "officer of the day," as he said, "to see what effect it would -have." For miles around the drums rolled and there was much hurrying and -scurrying of staff officers and couriers. I think the "officer of the -day" got a court-martial for his freshness, and very likely, if "old -Jube" had the say-so, a good _cussing_. - - - BACK TO CENTREVILLE - -On the 19th or 20th of October, 1861, the army moved back to Centreville -and went into camp—the Eleventh Regiment on the same ground it had -before occupied. - -The whole army was encamped round about and along Bull Run; rations were -plentiful and the men passed a very comfortable winter, making pipes and -trinkets from ivy roots dug up along Bull Run, which had now become -historic. - -The Fifth Louisian Regiment was camped about one-half mile from the -Eleventh Virginia. The Louisian Regiment had a fine band, and every -afternoon would play many patriotic pieces, including "Dixie," "The -Bonnie Blue Flag," etc. The Eleventh Regiment also had a very good band, -led by Geo. W. Lyman, of Lynchburg. - -We still picketed down close to Fairfax Court House. While on picket -there during the winter I was taken with break-bone fever and sent home -on a sick furlough. It was a rainy time, and I slept one night on a pile -of rails, and the next morning every bone in my body was aching. I -remember telling old Dr. Withers of this after I got home, when he -remarked, "Sleeping on rails is well calculated to make one's bones -ache." I had never seen our little boy, Dixie, who was born on the 25th -of September, 1861, and was then about five months old. He was a fine -little fellow, and a great comfort to his mother in my absence. Of -course, we all enjoyed the home-coming. - -While I was away the regiment went on a foraging expedition, in support -of Stuart's Cavalry, north of Centreville. Near Drainesville they got -into a fight with the Yankees, when Wm. H. Hobson, of Company C, a -cousin of my wife, was mortally wounded, being shot through the bowels, -dying soon afterwards. He was the first man of Company C killed. Lieut. -H. C. Chalmers, of Company A, lost an arm in this fight. - -As soon as I was well again, I returned to the army, which was still at -Centreville, where it remained for some time. - -While in camp here, Governor Letcher visited the army and presented each -Virginia Regiment with a new State flag. The troops were all drawn up -around one of the forts, the colonels going up into the fort, the -Governor making a speech to each as he presented the flags, and the -colonels, on receiving them, replying. I remember Col. Eppa Hunton, of -the Eighth Virginia, said in his speech, "Every man in Fauquier County -shall be carried home feet foremost before his flag will be -surrendered." I think this was the summer or fall before or during our -first encampment at Centreville. - - - - - CHAPTER VII - - FALL BACK FROM CENTREVILLE—THE PENINSULA - CAMPAIGN—YORKTOWN LINE EVACUATED—THE - BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG—"GIVE - IT TO THEM"—INTO A HOT FIRE—COLONEL - GARLAND WOUNDED—INCIDENTS - OF THE BATTLE—GARLAND - AND KEMPER - PROMOTED - - -Gen. Joseph E. Johnston had been for some time sole commander of the -army, General Beauregard having been ordered south some months before. -Gen. George B. McClellan, who succeeded General McDowell, was in command -of the Yankee army, and had been all winter recruiting, reorganizing, -equipping and drilling what he claimed to be "the finest army on the -planet," some 125,000 strong. When winter began to break, General -Johnston knew his adversary would soon move against him, and thinking it -not prudent to stand his ground at Centreville or Manassas, against so -powerful an army, with only about 40,000 men, just as McClellan was -preparing to advance, the Confederate army, on the 9th of March, 1862, -broke camp, having first made dummy cannons of wood, painted black, -mounting them in the forts and redoubts around Centreville, also dummy -soldiers, in order to deceive and delay the enemy. The army retired -leisurely at first, stopping several days at a time in camp. - -The terms of enlistment of most of the Confederate troops were about to -expire, and the men were called upon to reenlist for the war, which -nearly all did. On this march, while in camp a few days, Company C -elected officers to take the place of those who had been at first -elected and whose terms would expire about the 1st of May. Captain -Clement was reëlected captain, I was elected first lieutenant, James -Connelly was reëlected second lieutenant, and Jabez R. Rosser was -elected third lieutenant. J. A. Hobson and H. H. Withers, first and -second lieutenants, not being reëlected, left the company at the end of -their terms. About this time the company received a number of recruits, -the militiamen up to thirty-five years old having been called out and -given the privilege of joining the companies of their choice. The -recruits were mostly married men, from twenty-five to thirty-five years -old. - -McClellan did not essay to follow Johnston, but determined to change his -base and plan of campaign from Northern Virginia to the Peninsula. His -army was accordingly embarked on transports, sailing down the Potomac -and Chesapeake Bay, landing at the lower end of the Peninsula at -Fortress Monroe. - -As soon as General Johnston was aware of this move, he put his army in -motion and marched rapidly to Richmond. The march was through Prince -William, Spottsylvania, Hanover, and Henrico counties, into Richmond, -where we arrived on the 12th of April, 1862. This march was very -laborious, through rain and mud, the troops often marching through -fields to avoid the muddy roads, and to give place to the trains of -artillery and baggage and commissary wagons. At that time each regiment -had thirteen wagons, but never again after the Peninsula campaign; after -that year about three was the limit. - -This was the first real hard marching we had done. Some of the men gave -out on the route, and had to be hauled in wagons and ambulances; many -had their knapsacks hauled. Only one man of Company C besides myself -carried their knapsacks, blankets and guns through without any help. - - - THE PENINSULA CAMPAIGN - -On arriving at Richmond on the 12th of April the troops were embarked on -boats, steamed down the James to King's Landing, seven miles from -Williamsburg, marching through that quaint and dilapidated old town, on -down the Peninsula to the lines near Yorktown, where General Magruder -was in command with fifteen or twenty thousand men, confronting -McClellan and his "grand army" on the lines stretching across the -Peninsula from the York to the James. McClellan had 125,000 men; -Johnston about 50,000, all told. - -The lines, at the point the Eleventh Regiment faced the Yankees, were -about one thousand yards apart; at other places the lines were much -closer, and there were frequent skirmishes and sharp-shooting. Forts at -intervals along the lines were mounted with big guns, and shots were -often exchanged. - -One day I was standing behind one of the Confederate guns, when a shot -from a thirty-two-pounder was fired at a Yankee fort one thousand yards -off, across an open level field, and saw the ball, a black mass, as it -sped across the field, go right into the fort and explode. Of course, we -could not see from that distance what damage was done, but heard -afterwards from prisoners that this shell played havoc in the Yankee -fort, killing and wounding men right and left, and tearing up things -generally. This was a splendid shot, aimed and the fuse timed exactly -right; it went to the very spot desired, exploding at the very second to -do the most damage. The Yankees did not return the fire. - -The service on the Peninsula was arduous and disagreeable; in the muddy -trenches, or back in the woods, lying on the rain-soaked ground, or -marching along the cut-up and muddy roads, was trying indeed, and caused -no little sickness among the troops. Harvey Bailey, of Company C, died -of disease while here. One night while the regiment lay back in the -woods, the men sleeping on their arms, that is, every man lying with his -gun by his side, instead of being stacked, there was a night alarm, with -sharp musketry firing along the trenches; all were aroused and under -arms in a moment. It was a cloudy, pitch-dark night, and we did not know -what the trouble was. Just as the firing ceased the hooting of a big owl -was heard in the distance. "There now," was whispered along the lines, -"we are cut off; that is a Yankee signal." Nothing came of it, however, -except a good scare. When soldiers are thus suddenly aroused at night by -a call to arms, it causes a chilling sensation, and they shake like one -with the "buck ague." - -General Johnston was often seen riding along the lines, sitting his -horse very erect, and presenting a soldierly appearance. He always -reminded me of a gamecock trimmed and gaffed ready for the main. While -here our first year of enlistment expired, and I entered upon the duties -of first lieutenant; I had been orderly sergeant up to this time, -carrying a musket. - - - YORKTOWN LINES EVACUATED - -General Johnston, getting information that McClellan was preparing to -send a force by transports up York River to West Point, and which he, -Johnston, had no means of preventing, and thus get in his rear and -between him and Richmond, it was determined to evacuate the Yorktown -line of defense. Accordingly, about the 3d or 4th of May, 1862, the -trenches were evacuated and the whole army began falling back up the -Peninsula, the wagons and artillery in front. The Yankees made a landing -at West Point, but were driven back to their transports by a force sent -to meet them. As we marched up the Peninsula we could hear the booming -of the big guns in this fight. - -The roads were in wretched condition, muddy and badly cut up by the long -trains of wagons and artillery, making the march very trying and -disagreeable, for it rained nearly every day about this time. No one who -has not marched on foot behind army wagon and artillery trains has any -conception of what muddy roads are. Horses and mules were sometimes -literally buried in the mud and left to perish, or shot dead on the -spot. - -It is surprising how much fatigue and hardship men can stand when put to -it. Soldiers were often put to the supreme test of endurance, and, no -doubt, many an old Confederate soldier often says to himself, "How did -we stand those long, tiresome marches, through the rain and mud of -spring, through the dust and heat of summer, and midst snow and ice of -winter, often poorly shod, scantily clothed, and on short, very short -rations, sometimes none at all." A man can stand more than a horse. But -the Confederate soldiers did stand these things, enduring more, perhaps, -than any soldiers ever endured before. It took men to do these things— -men with muscles, sinews, and nerves in their bodies, and courage in -their hearts; and then, on the battlefield, to meet the foe two, three, -and four to one, and vanquish that foe, took men of the highest valor. -Of such was the Confederate soldier. The service of our Revolutionary -fathers was not comparable to the arduous trials and privations of the -Confederate soldiers. The privations and suffering of the army at Valley -Forge during the winter of 1777-78 was as nothing to the experiences of -the Confederates around Petersburg during the winter of 1864-5. - -On February 8, 1865, General Lee wrote to the Secretary of War to this -effect: "For three days and nights the right wing of the army has been -in line of battle; some of the men have had no meat for three days, and -all suffering from reduced rations and scant clothing, exposed to the -fire of the enemy, cold, hail and sleet." About the same time General -Lee issued a circular letter to the farmers in the surrounding country, -beseeching them to "loan the army all the cornmeal and sorghum they -could spare." But I am anticipating, so back to the Peninsula. - - - BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG - -I should have stated before, that about the time the army fell back from -Centreville and Manassas, General Longstreet was promoted to -major-general, and Col. A. P. Hill of the Thirteenth Virginia Regiment -was promoted to brigadier-general, and assigned to Longstreet's old -brigade, which now formed a part of Longstreet's Division. - -On the afternoon of the 4th of May, the brigade marched through the town -of Williamsburg; slept on their arms in an open field just west of the -town. Early next morning it was evident to all that a fight was on hand— -staff officers and couriers were riding hither and thither in great -haste. McClellan was pressing on General Johnston's rear a little too -closely to suit him, and Johnston determined to give him a taste of what -was in store for him later on. - -Hill's Brigade, as well as other troops, infantry and artillery, were -marched back through the town. Just at the eastern limits of the town -the brigade turned off the road to the right, through the fields, and -was massed in a deep hollow. Other troops were known to be in the woods -a few hundred yards in front, and we were in position as their support. - -Other troops had passed on down the Yorktown road towards Fort McGruder, -and the other forts east of Williamsburg, some of which the Confederates -had abandoned. I remember Latham's Battery dashing by, as we marched -through the streets, at a gallop. Latham's Battery was from Lynchburg, -and the men well known to many of the Eleventh Regiment. Some one in the -Eleventh called out to them as they passed, asking if they were going -into the fight. "Yes," shouted back Jim Ley, one of the battery; -"Latham's Battery is always in the fight." Artillery firing could -already be heard at the front. As the men passed along the streets, they -unslung their knapsacks, depositing them in the front yards of the -houses on the street—stripping for the fight. There were no forts or -breastworks in our front, nor was there any artillery with the brigade -or with the troops in front. The position was the extreme right of the -Confederate lines. - - - THE BATTLE BEGINS - -We did not have to wait long. Sharp musketry firing soon commenced in -the woods—lasting only a short time, however. About the time the firing -ceased, the brigade was ordered forward, not in line of battle, but -marching by the flank. As we entered the woods Gen. Roger A. Pryor and a -few men came out and moved off to the left, along the edge of the field. -Soon after getting into the woods the brigade was formed in line of -battle by the maneuver, "By the right flank into line." The woods were -thick with much undergrowth, and we could see only a few yards in front. - -For some time after the line was formed, everything was quiet. It was a -cloudy, misty morning, and the air was filled with the smoke of the -recent firing; no enemy was in sight nor could we see any of the -Confederates who had been engaged. It has always been a mystery to me -what became of these troops. We could see and smell the smoke from their -guns, but not a man was seen, except perhaps fifteen or twenty who came -out as we entered. - -Company C was on the left of the Eleventh Regiment, and the Seventh -Regiment, commanded by Col. James L. Kemper, was the next regiment on -the left. Colonel Kemper took position at the right of his regiment. My -place, as first lieutenant of Company C, being near the left of the -company, placed me close to Colonel Kemper, and it is of the fighting -along the line of these two regiments I propose to tell, as I saw and -heard it that day. - - - "GIVE IT TO THEM!" - -While standing here in line of battle some of Company C saw a line of -men through a slight opening in the woods about one hundred yards away, -obliquely to the left. Only a few files of the men were visible through -the vista; some one called my attention to these men. I looked; they -seemed to have on blue uniforms, and the brass buttons on their coats -could be plainly seen; they were standing at rest. I called Colonel -Kemper, who came and said he believed they were Yankees, but was not -certain. Just then General Hill, on foot, came along down in the rear of -the line of battle from the right, and Colonel Kemper called his -attention to these men. General Hill leveled his field-glasses on the -line, and in a moment said: "Yes, they are Yankees; give it to them!" -Colonel Kemper's clear-ringing voice broke the stillness with, "Now, -boys, I want you to give it to those blue-coated fellows; ready, aim, -fire." At the first command every musket was raised to the shoulder and -leveled, every eye ran along the barrel at the command "aim," and at the -word "fire" a sheet of flame burst forth from the line with a deafening -roar. - -Very few of our men could see the enemy, but every man shot straight to -the front—the guns on a level. No doubt, the first volley did much -execution, the men reloading as quickly as possible and continuing to -fire rapidly. In the midst of the firing Colonel Kemper's clarion voice -rang out above the roar of the muskets. He said: "General Hill says the -line must be advanced." Not a man moved forward, but all continued -loading and shooting as fast possible. Again Colonel Kemper shouted -louder than before: "General Hill says the lines must be advanced." At -this moment General Hill came to the front, immediately in front of -Company C, pistol in hand. General Hill wore a dark blue blouse or -overshirt, gathered at the waist by the sword belt, had on a military -cap with a sprig of pine fastened in front, and as he went forward, -waving his pistol over his head, looking back over his shoulder and -calling on the men to follow, made a splendid picture of the heroic and -gallant soldier that he was. This picture was photographed on my memory -never to be forgotten. - - - INTO A HOT FIRE - -The whole line rushed forward over a fence and down a slight slope in -the ground, about fifty yards, and was met by a close and deadly fire -from the enemy, whom we could not see, but the sharp, quick "sip, sip" -of the minie balls, as they whacked the trees and cut the bushes and -twigs, told plainly that we were in very close quarters. On the hill -where the firing commenced, I don't remember that we suffered any -casualties—I think the Yankees shot too low; but now the men were -falling on every hand. The firing was kept up here for some little time, -the men sitting or kneeling on the ground, loading and shooting into the -bushes in front whence the balls were coming, though no enemy was in -sight. While here I looked to the left, oblique from our front, and saw -a Yankee standing beside a tree some seventy-five yards away, about -where the line had been first seen. Up to this time I had carried a -pistol, a Colt's five-shooter, and drawing this I aimed at this Yankee, -snapped the pistol several times, which, failing to fire, I threw it -down, picked up a loaded musket that had fallen from the hands of some -man, killed or wounded, and fired at the Yankee; where he was hit, I -never knew. About this time the cry came along our lines from the right, -"They are running." The line again pushed forward, but we did not catch -sight of the Yankees, that is, live ones, but a short distance, some -twenty yards in front, their line of battle was plainly marked by the -dead men lying strewn along through the woods. The lines continued to -press forward through the woods for a quarter of a mile or more, until -the eastern edge of the woods was reached, where the timber had been -felled. - -While pushing along through the woods I saw to my left several of -Company C around a gray-haired Yankee officer with side-whiskers and -mustache, seemingly rifling his pockets. I shouted at the men, "Stop -robbing that officer." They replied, "We are just loosening his belt." -The officer said the same when I approached him. He had been desperately -wounded and left by his men. - -In the felled timber, some thirty yards from the woods, the Yankees had -taken refuge, lying down behind the logs and stumps, and as the -Confederates came up, opened a close and rapid fire, our men protecting -themselves behind trees and logs at the edge of the woods and returning -the fire. Here the firing was fast and furious, both sides being under -cover. The casualties here were not serious, on the Confederate side, at -least, the Yankees shooting too high, riddling the trees and bushes -overhead. - - - COLONEL GARLAND WOUNDED - -In the midst of this severe fighting, Colonel Garland, with his left arm -bandaged and in a sling, came up. He had been shot through the forearm -early in the action, had his wound dressed, and continued in the fight -to the end. - -As soon as Colonel Garland came up, he shouted out, "Charge 'em!" -Captain Clement, a brave man, whose courage was beyond question and who -still lives in Campbell County, a scarred veteran, remonstrated, saying: -"For God's sake, Colonel Garland, don't send the men over there into -that fire. They will all be killed." Colonel Garland replied: "Well, -hold on a while then." It was not long before the fire of the enemy -began to slacken—the well-aimed shots of the Confederates were telling. -Our lines rose up without orders, and over the logs the men rushed right -among the Yankees. Some of the enemy jumped up and ran; many were shot -down as they ran; others lay still behind the logs and stumps and were -captured; some were hauled from brush piles, and many lay killed and -wounded on the ground, most of whom were shot in the head. This scene -reminded me of a lot of boys hunting rabbits in thickets. - -While engaged in gathering up the prisoners, sending them to the rear -and exulting over the victory, the noise of artillery wheels was heard -(it was impossible to see far, on account of the smoke and fog), and the -men were ordered back to the woods whence they had just charged. There -were several abandoned Yankee cannon in the road in our front; I don't -remember whether these were taken off the field or not, but think they -were. We held this position during the remainder of the day, without -seeing or hearing anything of the enemy in our front. - -Pretty soon after we fell back to the edge of the woods, a terrific -musketry fire opened up to the right of this position, which seemed to -be a little to the rear of the extension of the line, the minie balls -flying thick and fast through the woods in the rear. As this firing -increased in volume and seemed to be drawing nearer, some of the Seventh -Regiment began to look anxiously to the rear, like a balky horse, as if -contemplating a retreat. All eyes were turned in the direction of the -firing, which was only a few hundred yards to the right, and seemed to -be drawing closer. Colonel Kemper, who was still at the right of the -Seventh, noticed the anxiety of his men, and spoke out in firm and -defiant tones: "Steady, men, steady. The old Eighth Virginia is out -there." I never knew whether or not the Eighth Regiment was out there—I -don't think it was; but Kemper's words had the desired effect. - -The men remembered Ball's Bluff, where the Eighth Virginia had some time -before distinguished itself, and whatever fears they may have had of -being flanked were allayed, and every man stood firmly at his post. - -It was not long until the firing ceased all along the lines. The brigade -remained here until darkness closed over the bloody scenes and thrilling -events of the day, which were, no doubt, indelibly fixed in the minds of -every participant. - -In the meanwhile, the battle was raging to the left over towards Fort -McGruder, where the fighting first commenced in the morning, and was -kept up pretty much all day. Here the Twenty-fourth Virginia and the -Fifth North Carolina distinguished themselves, as Pickett's Division did -at Gettysburg, in an unsuccessful, but gallant charge. There were no -better fighting regiments in the army. - -Soon after dark the brigade moved silently off by the left flank, -marching back to the edge of Williamsburg, where we had turned off the -road early in the morning. We slept on the wet, muddy ground until -daybreak next morning, when we again marched through the old town -towards Richmond, the men gathering up their knapsacks deposited along -the street in the front yards the day before, and which the people had -taken care of. - -On the march we did not hurry, camping four or five days on the east -bank of the Chickahominy; but the enemy did not crowd us again, the work -of the 5th of May having taught General McClellan a lesson, the moral of -which was, "Don't crowd Joe Johnston too closely on a retreat." Some of -the Yankee historians claim a victory at Williamsburg, a dear-bought -victory to be sure. They lost about five hundred killed, fifteen hundred -wounded, and four hundred unwounded prisoners, twelve cannon, and ten -stand of colors. - -The Confederate loss was much less. We drove the enemy back, held the -battlefield, and marched off the next morning at our leisure, and did -not have a chance to fire another shot at the Yankees for weeks; indeed, -not until the 31st day of May, when Johnston again attacked and defeated -them at Seven Pines. We had whipped them in a fair, stand-up fight with -muskets at Williamsburg. It is a little singular and surprising that -McClellan with his "grand army" never made an attack on the -Confederates, but on the contrary, was always on the defensive in all -the battles from Williamsburg to Malvern Hill. - -I saw nothing of the fighting on the 5th of May on the left of the -lines, nor on the right, except along the lines of the Seventh and -Eleventh Regiments. I know full well we cleaned them up here in nice -style, with small loss, comparatively. We drove them from their first -line in the woods, charged and captured their second position in the -fallen timber, killing, wounding, capturing and scattering everything in -front of Hill's Brigade. If this was not a victory, I'd like to know -what it was. - -This was the first regular fight in which the Eleventh Regiment had been -engaged. The regiment, except two companies, was only under fire on the -18th of July at Blackburn's Ford, but did not fire a gun. On the 21st of -July the regiment lay all day under a shelling, but did not see a Yankee -or fire a gun. In the skirmish at Drainesville, in which Company C lost -its first man, I am not certain, but I don't think there was much -shooting done by the regiment. - -At Williamsburg we got into it right. Company C lost eight men killed -and many wounded. The killed were Miffram Bailey, who married my wife's -sister, and had only been with the company about a month; Benj. Farris, -Crockett Hughes, Granville Rosser, David Layne, John Organ, John J. -Wood, another recruit, and Wm. H. Wilson, a first cousin of my wife, all -of whom were good soldiers. I noticed Billy Wilson, during the fight in -the bottom, some distance in front of the line, fighting with deadly -intent. I have often thought that he determined to distinguish himself -in this fight, but alas! he was stricken down, shot through the body, -dying in a few minutes. In this fight, so far as I could see, every -officer and man, from General Hill down to the humblest private, did his -whole duty. I never saw troops fight better on any field. - - - INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE - -I have often said this was the most satisfactory fight I was ever -engaged in, and I have read somewhere that General Kemper had said the -same thing. I noticed among others a member of Company C, Jim Brown, -from "Hell Bend" (a rather disreputable section of Campbell County), an -humble private of no pretentions, standing up and fighting like mad, -loading and shooting rapidly, with the corners of his mouth blacked by -the powder as he bit off the cartridges. I never forgot this, and it -stood Jim in good stead when, months afterwards, he was court-martialed -for absence without leave, and sentenced to wear a ball and chain for -sixty days. At Goldsboro, N. C., in 1863, when Chas. Clement drew up a -petition for his pardon, I gladly approved it, making an endorsement on -the petition to the effect, that "Brown was a brave soldier, had been -tried in battle and found not wanting in courage, fighting like a hero." -The paper was forwarded to headquarters, and quickly came back with an -endorsement granting the pardon prayed for. I remember it was at night -when it was returned to me. I at once repaired to Brown's quarters, and -found him and several others in their "dog house," under their blankets, -with the ball and chain at the foot, lying on the ground. I called to -Brown, telling him his pardon had come, that he could now take off the -ball and chain. Brown raised up on his elbow, looked down at the ball -and chain and said: "I have gone to bed now; I believe I will wait till -morning before I take it off." And so he did. Brown remained true to the -end, and was captured at Milford, May 21, 1864. - -After the firing had all ceased, Colonel Kemper and Colonel Garland met -on the lines in the rear of Company C and exchanged congratulations, -both in high spirits and well pleased with the day's work. Colonel -Garland said among other things, "Kemper, honor's easy with you to-day." -I was standing near, and pointing to Garland's bandaged arm in the -sling, said: "Colonel Garland, you have the best of it, you have a -wound." "Yes," replied Garland, "I always wanted an honorable wound in -this war." Poor fellow, he got his death-wound at Boonsboro Gap, Md., a -few months afterwards while trying to rally his brigade. Colonel Garland -was a fine soldier, and if he had lived, would doubtless have attained -higher rank. He had a worthy ambition, was cool and steady in action, -not possessed so much of that brute courage that makes men reckless in -battle, but in an eminent degree of that high moral courage and pride -that enable true soldiers to do their duty in the face of the greatest -danger. He was highly endowed intellectually, a learned lawyer, a -brilliant and eloquent speaker, and possessed of considerable wealth. -Colonel Garland had a bright future before him, but alas! like so many -others, was cut down in his early manhood, in that cruel and ruthless -war waged by the North against the South. - - - GARLAND AND KEMPER PROMOTED - -Garland and Kemper both won the stars and wreath of a brigadier at -Williamsburg. The former was first promoted and assigned to a North -Carolina Brigade, the latter soon afterwards succeeding Gen. A. P. Hill -as commander of the First Brigade, which he led into battle the first -time at Seven Pines, in less than one month after the Williamsburg -fight. - -I remember, when Colonel Kemper took command of the brigade, he had his -old regiment, the Seventh Virginia, formed, and, mounted on his horse in -front of the regiment, made a stirring and patriotic speech, eulogizing -the men for their courage and devotion to the cause, and expressing his -love and devotion to all of them, declaring that, "Next to the child -that sprang from my own loins, I love the Seventh Regiment." - -Before closing the account of this battle, I will relate one of the many -incidents of cool and deliberate bravery exhibited by the Confederate -soldiers on that day. While the firing at the edge of the woods was -going on, Daniel Pillow, a private of Company C, Eleventh Virginia, when -ready to fire, would raise up on his knees as high as he could, look -intently out among the logs and stumps in front, then raise his gun, -take deliberate aim and fire, and after firing raise his head again and -look in the direction he had shot. I called to him, saying, "Daniel, -when you have fired, don't expose yourself in that way by looking over -there; get down and load as quickly as possible." Pillow turned his face -towards me and said quietly in measured tones, "I reckon I want to see -what I am doing," and continued firing. - -I also noticed Robt. Cocke, pressing forward in the hottest of the fight -in the attitude of one breasting a storm, leaning forward with a -determined expression on his face; in fact, I did not see a single man -of the company flinch. - -Captain Clement wrote home highly complimenting the men and officers of -his company for their conduct in this fight. - - - - - CHAPTER VIII - - BACK TO RICHMOND—BATTLE OF SEVEN PINES—THE - BRIGADE IN RESERVE—INTO THE FIGHT - AT DOUBLE-QUICK—INCIDENTS OF THE - BATTLE—ON THE PICKET LINES - - -As before said, on the 6th of May we again marched through Williamsburg -on towards Richmond. The roads were deep in mud; it was a hot, sultry -May morning. A few miles out on the road I was taken suddenly very sick, -and lay down on the roadside utterly unable to march any further. -Visions of capture and prison rose before me like a nightmare. The -regimental ambulance was in the rear, and when it came up I was taken in -and rode all day, camping that night with the wagon trains, and the next -day rejoined the command. - -On the 9th of May we reached the Chickahominy River at Bottom's Bridge, -where we remained for several days, waiting for the Yankees, but they -did not come so fast as they did at Williamsburg. On the first day's -march from here it was raining, the marching being very fatiguing. I -remember that night when we turned off the road into woods partially -cleared with the brush piled, I spread my blanket on one of the piles of -brush, with a Yankee oilcloth over me, and slept soundly till morning. -It rained nearly all night, but I was dry and ready for the march the -next morning. The next day we trudged on up the Peninsula, passing by -some historic old homesteads, among others, if I remember aright, -Ex-President John Tyler's old place and his grave (the tombstone a -simple white slab) by the roadside. - -On the 15th of May the brigade went into camp in the vicinity of -Richmond, near what was called Darbytown (though I don't remember seeing -anything like a town or village), where it remained for a few days. This -locality, I later learned, is called Darbytown after a family of -Enroughties, whose local cognomen is Darby. How Darby could have been -evolved out of Enroughty has always been, to me, one of the mysteries of -evolution. Yet quite as reasonable as that man sprang from a monkey. I -got a pass from here into Richmond, where I bought an officer's uniform, -having before only a jacket. - -On the 27th of May we moved to a camp near Howard's Grove, remaining -there only four days, when the battle of Seven Pines came off. - - - THE BATTLE OF SEVEN PINES - -Early on the morning of the 31st of May, 1862, the brigade marched out -of camp to go into the battle of Seven Pines. Orders were issued the -night before to take every available man, even the cooks. - -Every one knew that a battle was to be fought that day. I remember as we -marched along the road that morning, it somehow occurred to me that I -would be wounded in this battle. Dr. Thornhill was passing along and I -remarked to him that I felt I would be wounded, and that he must see -after me. The doctor replied, "Oh, you must not think that." W. T. -Withers, of Company C, who had been detailed as hospital steward, also -came along and remarked that I had a chance to win my spurs that day, I -having a short time before taken command of Company C. Captain Clement -promoted to major, had gone home for his horse and equipments. - -I didn't get wounded that day nor win any spurs that I ever saw, but was -in a very hot fight, and had three bullet holes through my clothes. So -my presentment came near being thrice fulfilled. - -Two corps of the Yankee army had crossed over the Chickahominy at -Bottom's Bridge, fortifying their position at Fair Oaks and Seven Pines, -near Richmond, while three corps remained on the other side of the -river. General Johnston and his generals had conceived the plan of -falling suddenly on these two corps and crushing them before relief -could reach them from the other side. It was said General Longstreet -first made the suggestion. The night before, it had rained very hard; -this it was thought would add to the success of the scheme, as the rain -would raise the Chickahominy and keep back reënforcements, but the -swollen streams and muddy roads delayed the movements of the Confederate -troops, so that the attack upon the enemy's lines was delayed until -three o'clock P. M., while the plan was for it to be made in the morning -by nine or ten o'clock. - -Longstreet with his own and D. H. Hill's Division was to make the attack -at Seven Pines, and was ready early in the morning, but other troops who -were to assist on other portions of the line failed to come up and take -position until three o'clock P. M. This no doubt caused a partial -failure of the enterprise. - -While the Yankees were soundly thrashed and driven from their -breastworks and camps, yet they were not crushed and captured, as it was -hoped they would be. - -Gen. Jas. L. Kemper was now in command of the brigade, which, as before -said, was first commanded by Longstreet, and then by A. P. Hill, who was -now a major-general. The brigade was held in reserve while the other -brigades of Longstreet's and D. H. Hill's divisions advanced on the -Yankee lines, who were in their fortified camps at Seven Pines. - - - THE BRIGADE IN RESERVE - -It is one of the rules of war to hold the best troops in reserve, and -put them into the fight at the critical moment. No brigade in the army -stood higher than the "First Virginia," as it was called. The Eleventh -Regiment, which stood as high as the highest, was in reserve at the -battle of July 18, 1861, at Blackburn's Ford. The brigade was in reserve -at Williamsburg on the 5th of May, and now again at Seven Pines on the -30th of May, and also soon afterwards at Gaines' Mill on the 27th of -June, and in many other battles during the war. - -The brigade was posted in an open field about three-fourths of a mile -from the Yankee lines, the enemy's first line being in the woods at the -edge of a field, the woods extending to within two hundred yards of the -Yankee camps, and in front of the camp were breastworks and redoubts -mounted with big guns. The attacking Confederate troops were in these -woods also. The brigade was first marched off the road some distance to -the right, then marched back, the left resting on the road leading down -to Seven Pines, where it remained standing in line until ordered into -the fight. While here the firing commenced in the woods at the front. -About this time the command was given to load. The ramrods rattling down -the musket barrels created a sensation akin to that of the clods falling -upon the coffin lid, which is a reminder that some one is dead, and -suggested the question, Who will be the next? The first suggested death -to many, and who will be the victims? While loading, I spoke a few words -to the men of the company, exhorting them to do their duty, and remember -what they were fighting for. - -The fighting was very heavy in front for some time, and we expecting -every moment to be called into action. Such suspense is very trying, but -not as bad as lying under a shelling. - - - INTO THE FIGHT AT DOUBLE-QUICK - -General Longstreet, with his staff about him, was sitting on his horse -in the road close by, looking intently in the direction of the firing. I -don't remember how long after the firing began, half an hour or perhaps -more (time seems to move slow on such occasions), it was not long, -however, before the brigade was ordered to go to the front in -double-quick time, and down the road we went in a run. About the time -the woods were reached, the wounded men began to appear in large numbers -going to the rear, some on foot, some on stretchers, and some in -ambulances; some limping along, shot in their feet or legs; some holding -a wounded hand or arm; all bleeding and bedraggled, having charged -through a swamp; some groaning and moaning, lamenting their sad fate, in -utter despair and helplessness; others, in grim and heroic silence, -bearing the pain and shock of their wounds in silence, with fortitude -and bravery. - -One man I remember, who was completely demoralized, called out as we -passed him, making his way to the rear, "Oh, men," he wailed, "don't go -down there, you will all be killed; they are killing our men, they have -wounded me. It is no use to go; don't go." A little further on, came -another man, shot in the head or face, bleeding profusely, bareheaded, -swinging his arms and shouting at the top of his voice, "Go in, boys, -and give 'em hell. They have shot me, but I gave them the devil first; -go in, boys, and give it to 'em." These two incidents illustrate how -some men are affected in battle. The one was completely undone, perhaps -he had no relish for the fight in the start, and was probably what was -called in the army, "a whiner"; always low spirited and complaining of -everything that happened. The other brave and resolute, who took things -as they came, making the best of everything. Of such were a large -majority of Confederate soldiers—this last class. - -On, the brigade went still at a run, the Eleventh Regiment leading, -Company C in front. Capt. J. Lawrence Meem, of Lynchburg, who, until -Garland's promotion was adjutant of the Eleventh Regiment, and was now -General Garland's chief of staff, met us with word from the front to -"hurry." By this time all were well out of breath, but rushed on at -increased speed through mud and water almost knee-deep in some places. -Again a messenger is sent from Gen. D. H. Hill to "hurry, it is a -critical time at the front; the enemy has been driven from his -breastworks and camps, but there are not enough men of the assaulting -column left to occupy and hold the works. The men are doing all that -mortal men can do, some are falling by the wayside from sheer -exhaustion, nothing but the excitement keeps any on their feet." General -Kemper said to the messenger, "Tell General Hill I am left in front and -would like to change." The messenger replied, "No time to change now, -hurry on." Soon the brigade emerged from the woods into the open field, -on the farther side of which the Yankee breastworks and camps were -located, but not a living soldier, Yankee or Confederate, was in sight. -I have said "living soldier," because as we rushed along by the edge of -this field, over which the Confederates had charged, the ground was -thickly strewn with dead Confederates close up to the Yankee breastworks -and redoubts, where stood their abandoned cannon. Passing beyond these -works, Generals Hill and Garland, with their staff officers, were seen -waiting, behind a big pile of cord wood, the coming of the brigade, -which was directed to file to the right through the Yankee camp, with -their small fly-tents still standing, where, facing towards the enemy, -the rear rank was in front, but this made little or no difference. Like -the English "Fore and Aft," the men fight from front or rear rank just -the same. As the brigade filed out through the camp, a terrific fire was -opened by the Yankees, who had rallied or been reënforced by fresh -troops, a hundred or two yards beyond their camp. The Yankee lines could -not be seen on account of the smoke and fog, but the balls flew thick -through the air, killing and wounding many. The men lying flat on the -ground, returned the fire as best they could. In a short time some one -gave the order to fall back to the abandoned Yankee breastworks, some -forty or fifty yards in the rear, which afforded protection from the -enemy's shots. This order was obeyed in double-quick time, all hurrying -over the breastworks, getting on the reverse side, into the ditch half -filled with water, preferring the cold water to hot lead. I did not hear -the order to fall back, and the others got the start of me. I think I -was the last man to go over the works, and was sure a Yankee bullet -would hit me as I did so. I expect it was here that one or more of the -bullets passed through my clothes. I thought about being shot in the -back, of which I always had a dread, but did not take time to turn -around, face the enemy and go over backwards, making all haste possible -to get out of danger. From the breastworks the fire was kept up for some -time, until General Kemper sent a detachment around on the enemy's left -flank, when the firing ceased. - - - INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE - -The brigade lost a good many men in this fight, Colonel Funston and -Lieutenant-Colonel Langhorne, of the Eleventh Regiment both being badly -wounded and permanently disabled. Company C lost three men killed, -namely: James Wood, Silas Barber, and James Terrell, all recruits, and -several wounded. Terrell was in the Mexican War. Capt. Lawrence Meem, -Garland's chief of staff, was killed dead on the field, shot through the -head; a fine soldier he was too, brave, handsome and accomplished. Capt. -Henry Fulks, of Company F, was killed in a few feet of me. He had rushed -into the Yankee camp exhausted from the double-quicking, sat down on a -Yankee fly-tent, which sank to the ground with his weight, and had just -raised his head to look to the front when a ball struck him about the -head or face, when he sank back and was dead in a few minutes. I heard -the whack of the ball as it struck him and saw the blood trickling down -his neck. About this time Color-Bearer Hickok, of the Eleventh Regiment, -who was standing close by with his flag in hand, and who was about the -only man or officer I saw on his feet, was shot down, badly wounded, -when Color-Guard Jim Haynes, of Company F, seized the colors and rushed -to Captain Foulks, taking him in his arms, but still holding the flag -aloft, and cried out, "Oh, my poor captain is killed; my poor captain is -killed." So Captain Foulks died with the Confederate battle-flag waving -over him, its folds partly enveloping his body. - -I must again refer to Daniel Pillow, of Company C, who was so cool and -deliberate and fought with such deadly intent at Williamsburg. When the -troops fell back to the breastworks, Pillow, instead of getting down in -the ditch as the others did, took his seat on the parapet while several -comrades behind him loaded guns which he fired at the enemy with -deliberate aim. At one time the order was given to cease firing; it was -thought some Confederates were in front between the lines. Pillow paid -no heed to the order. Colonel Corse, of the Seventeenth Regiment, came -along the lines, and said to Pillow, "My man, cease firing, our men are -over there." Pillow turned towards the Colonel and said with -determination and sternness: "Don't I see the Stars and Stripes? I am -going to shoot"; and continued firing as before. Colonel Corse stooping -down, looked under the smoke and fog, and seeing the Yankee flag, said, -"Well, fire away then." - -Daniel Pillow was an humble private, an "overseer" at the beginning of -the war, without education or pretensions, but he was a soldier, every -inch of him. He was always at his post, ever ready for any duty. Being -six feet or more tall, he marched at the head of the company, being -always near me on the march and in battle; never grumbled or whined, and -was one of the bravest of the brave. He was reported missing at -Gettysburg, and never heard of again. I have no doubt that he fell with -his face to the foe in that desperate charge in which Pickett's Division -was immortalized, and that he sleeps in an unknown soldier's grave. All -honor to his memory. - -Walter Rosser, Jim Cocke, Sam Franklin, and Daniel Pillow were the big, -or rather the tall, four of Company C, being over six feet high; were -always at the head of the company, and all good fighters, too. - -There was no more fighting on this part of the line. The Confederates -had driven the Yankees from their works and camp, capturing all their -camp equipage and stores, several pieces of cannon, 7,000 muskets, and -about 350 prisoners. Longstreet's and D. H. Hill's divisions had soundly -thrashed a Yankee corps under General Keys. - -Gen. G. W. Smith was on the Confederate left towards Fair Oaks station, -but was not engaged until nearly night, when General Sumner's Corps, -crossing over the Chickahominy, came to the relief of Hientzleman and -Kasey, whose troops fell back in that direction and were joined by -Sumner in resisting Smith's attack. General Johnston, who was on this -part of the line, was wounded about seven o'clock, when the command -devolved on General Smith. - -The wounding of the Confederate commander-in-chief at this critical -moment was a great misfortune to the Confederates, and no doubt lessened -their chances of the complete success aimed at—the destruction and -capture of the two corps that had crossed over the Chickahominy. - -For the number of troops engaged, this was one of the bloodiest battles -of the war. The Confederate loss both days was estimated at a little -over 6,000 killed and wounded; the Yankee loss a little over 5,000. The -Confederates attacked the enemy in his breastworks, which accounts for -the heavy loss sustained. The Confederates also captured many prisoners -and several pieces of cannon. - -The brigade remained behind the breastworks until after dark, then other -troops took its place, when we marched back a short distance and slept -under some scrub-oak trees. I remember that night a young kinsman of -mine, George Bright, from Prince Edward County, who was acting as -courier for General Kemper, came to where we were to enquire how we -fared in the fight, and gave me a first-rate new blanket he had picked -up in the Yankee camp, which I carried and used through the rest of the -war, only parting with it when I left Fort Delaware, in May, 1865. I -remember also that Dr. Thornhill got General Kasey's large camp-chair, -with the General's name on it, which the doctor used as long as he -remained in the field. - -The next morning, which was Sunday, the brigade marched back to the -breastworks, formed in line of battle at right angles with the works, -facing towards Fair Oaks, where it remained during the day, lying in the -hot (first day of June) sun, without any protection from its rays, all -day long. There was considerable fighting towards Fair Oaks early that -Sunday morning, but none on this immediate line. - -That night the Confederates marched out from the lines back towards -Richmond, Kemper's Brigade, as it was now called, going into camp just -northeast of Richmond, where it remained until the 26th of June, 1862, -when the Seven Days' battles around Richmond began. - - - ON THE PICKET LINES - -After the battle of Seven Pines, picket duty was very heavy—whole -regiments going on duty, some on the advance line and others in reserve. -The Eleventh Regiment picketed near Seven Pines. The advance lines or -posts were in the woods, near where the fighting commenced on the 31st -of May, and very close to the Yankees. - -I remember one morning, when the Eleventh Regiment was ordered on -picket, while getting ready to go, I heard one of the men say, "I -understand picket firing _are_ very fatal down there." The pickets would -fire on each other at every opportunity. - -On this trip the Eleventh Regiment was in reserve, while some North -Carolina troops occupied the advanced posts. During the time a North -Carolina captain came running back from the front where there was some -sharp firing, and reported that the Yankees had charged the picket -lines, capturing and killing all of his company—he alone being left to -tell the tale. - -Company C and Company H were ordered from the reserves to go to the -front and retake the picket lines. Accordingly the two companies were -formed in line of battle in the open field, a few hundred yards from the -woods, Captain Hutter, of Company H, being the senior officer, -commanding. We marched on towards the woods, expecting every moment to -be fired upon, Captain Hutter leading in front of the line. - -The woods were reached without seeing or hearing of the enemy. Advancing -into the woods some distance, the Confederate pickets were discovered at -their posts on the alert, watching for the Yankee pickets through the -bushes. They motioned to us and spoke in low tones, warning us to keep -under cover, that the Yankees would fire on sight of any one. So it -turned out that the pickets had not been killed or captured, the Tar -Heel captain being the only man who had been demoralized and run away. - -I walked out into the road running through the woods along which we had -gone into the fight on the 31st of May, and as I did so, one of the -pickets close by waved me back, saying: "Don't go out there, you will be -shot." I remained long enough in the road to see, a few hundred yards -away, at the farther edge of the woods, a column of blue-coated Yankees -passing across the road, moving to the right, with the Stars and -Stripes—a very large flag—flying above them. That flag looked hateful to -me then, and on other occasions, when I saw it flying above the heads of -men with guns in their hands, who were our deadly enemies, invaders of -the sacred soil of Virginia, doing their utmost to kill her sons who -dared to defend their rights, and who burned houses and devastated the -country ruthlessly and cruelly; and now I here record, that I have never -since that day looked very _admiringly_ or _adoringly_ on that flag, nor -have I since the war worn any blue clothes. - -In a short time I went back to the general commanding the picket lines -and reported that the pickets were on their posts, with the line intact, -also that I had seen the column moving to the right. The general -remarked, "They are massing on our right," and ordered a battery to open -fire in that direction. This fire drew no response from the enemy, and -in a short time the two companies were ordered back to the reserves, and -all was quiet. - -As I was going back to report to the general I met the Tar Heel captain, -a small, pale-faced youth. He seemed much relieved when I informed him -that his company was not captured, and hastened down to rejoin them, -saying, "That's all right," mortified, no doubt, that he ran away. I -felt sorry for him. - - - - - CHAPTER IX - - SEVEN DAYS' FIGHT AROUND RICHMOND—BATTLE - OF GAINES' MILL - - -The brigade remained near Richmond some weeks longer. On the afternoon -of the 26th of June, 1862, the Seven Days' fights around Richmond -commenced at, or near, Mechanicsville, north of Richmond on the upper -Chickahominy. McClellan's army lay on both sides of the Chickahominy, -his right wing extending as far up the stream as Mechanicsville. - -Gen. R. E. Lee was now in command of the army around Richmond, and -determined to strike a blow at the enemy instead of waiting to be -attacked at Richmond. On the morning of the 26th of June we marched out -of camp, going north. As we crossed the York River Railroad an engine, -with an inflated balloon attached to a heavy cable, passed along. This -balloon was used by the Confederates in observing the movements of the -enemy. - -By a master stroke of strategy Stonewall Jackson was brought from the -Valley, where he had just out-generaled and whipped three Yankee armies -in detail, each larger than his own, and before any of the Yankee -generals anywhere knew of his movements, joined General Lee and helped -thrash McClellan and his "grand army," now 160,000 strong; Lee had about -80,000 all told. - -A. P. Hill's division crossed the upper Chickahominy on the 26th of -June, and in the afternoon attacked the Yankees in a strong position on -Beaver Dam Creek, driving them from their first lines. It was expected -that Jackson's forces would join with A. P. Hill's in this attack by -striking the enemy on the right flank and rear, but from some unknown -cause, Jackson's men were delayed, and did not arrive in time. The -battle lasted until nightfall. The Confederates lost heavily in this -fight, from assaults on the enemy's works. - -The Yankees withdrew from their position during the night and fell back -to Gaines' Mill, lower down the Chickahominy, where the next day a -terrific and bloody battle was fought and won by the Confederates. - -Longstreet's Division crossed over the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge, -below where Hill had crossed the day before, and moved down towards -Gaines' Mill, as the right wing of Lee's army, on the north side of the -Chickahominy, with Hill in the center and Jackson on the left. Kemper's -Brigade halted as it was crossing the bridge, with the Eleventh -Regiment, or a part of it, on the bridge. While waiting here, General -Lee rode by on "Traveler," picking his way carefully along through the -ranks. When close to Company C, General Lee asked what regiment this -was. Perhaps a dozen men spoke out, saying, "Eleventh Virginia." - -Up to this time, the 27th of June, no one but the generals knew that -Jackson was anywhere near. During the day it was rumored that Jackson -had come from the Valley or was coming. That afternoon I saw some men -from Campbell County who belonged to Jackson's army, and asked them if -it were true that Jackson was near. They replied, "Yes, Jackson and all -his men are right over there," pointing to the left. This was, indeed, -good news. This piece of strategy had been worked to perfection by -General Lee. I remember a few days before, it was reported, in fact well -known, that Lee was sending reënforcements to Jackson in the Valley. -General Whiting's Division was sent by train via Lynchburg, around-about -way—no doubt to attract attention and deceive the enemy—to Staunton, -where it remained until the proper time, when it came back with -Jackson's troops via Charlottesville and Gordonsville. - - - BATTLE OF GAINES' MILL - -At this battle of Gaines' Mill, on the 27th of June, 1862, Kemper's -Brigade was again in reserve, and was not actually engaged in the fight, -the Yankees breaking just as it was called in to reënforce after -sundown. This was one day the sun set before we got into the fight. - -The brigade lay back in the pine woods, where now and then a stray shell -would come, anxiously awaiting the issue of the battle at the front—not -"eager for the fight," but ready to go when called on. It was about -sunset when Capt. J. W. Fairfax, of General Longstreet's staff, on his -war horse, came bounding over the logs and brush, through the woods, -towards where the brigade lay. All knew then what was up; the men knew -they were wanted whenever Captain Fairfax was seen dashing up on his -gray charger in time of a fight. Then some one was sure to say, "Boys, -we've got to go in now; yonder comes Captain Fairfax after us." -Longstreet with the rest of his division was hotly engaged at the front. - -This was one of the hardest fought battles of the war. We lay in full -hearing, though not in sight of the battle-ground, on account of the -woods and hills intervening. I never before or afterwards heard such -heavy musketry firing. I have read somewhere that General Lee said it -was the heaviest he ever heard. - -The Confederates lost heavily in this fight, as they attacked the enemy -in strong, fortified positions. The Yankees admitted a loss of 9,000 -killed and wounded, and twenty-two cannon. - -The brigade went down the road towards the battlefield. It was nearly -dark by the time we got down to the creek, when the firing ceased, and -the battle was over. The Yankees had been driven from every part of the -field, and that night crossed to the south side of the Chickahominy, and -McClellan commenced his retreat by the left flank to James River. - -I remember, as we were going down the road, seeing Chaplain John C. -Granberry, later Bishop Granberry, going along with the men. I said to -him, "Mr. Granberry, you ought not to go into this fight; you have no -gun and may get shot." He replied, "I have an object in going," and on -he went. A few days afterwards, at Malvern Hill, he was badly wounded -and left on the field for dead, but recovered, losing the sight of an -eye, however, from the effects of a wound on the brow. I remember also, -as we were going down the hill, we heard that Col. R. E. Withers had -been mortally wounded. As we crossed the bridge over Powhite Creek I saw -the surgeon of the Eighteenth Virginia, which the Colonel commanded, and -asked the doctor if Colonel Withers was badly wounded. "Yes, sir," he -replied, "he can not live an hour." He did live, however. - -I was sick that day, but stayed with the company until the fighting was -all over, when I started back to Richmond, the surgeon having given me a -sick-pass during the afternoon. - -I determined, however, to go into the fight if the regiment was called -on, but as before said, the Yankees gave it up before we got at them, to -which I had not the slightest objection; in fact, I was very glad of it. -I made my way back towards Richmond next day, walking very slowly, and -resting often by the wayside, went to the camp where the tents were -still standing, where the man Pillow I have spoken of was also sick. In -a few days several old men from Campbell County, who had come to -Richmond to look after the sick and wounded men of Company C, took us to -Richmond to a hotel where we went to bed. In a day or two we were sent -with other sick and wounded to Lynchburg, and from there I went home and -remained until restored to health, after a long spell of sickness. - -The brigade was engaged in the fight on the 30th of June at Frazier's -Farm, though I don't think many were killed. - -As I lay in the tent, I could hear the booming of the big guns in this -battle. The Yankees made a last stand at Malvern Hill, where, on the 1st -of July, a desperate battle was fought, the Yankees holding their -position until after nightfall, when they retired to Harrison's landing -under the protection of their gunboats. McClellan was afterwards called -Gunboat McClellan, he having sought the safety of the gunboats. His -initials were G. B. - -In the Seven Days' fighting around Richmond, the Confederates, according -to General Lee's report, captured more than 10,000 prisoners, fifty-two -pieces of artillery, and 35,000 muskets. The Yankees admit they had -160,000 in the Peninsula campaign, and that there were only 85,000, when -it ended at Harrison's landing on the James River, fit for duty. The -Confederate loss was heavy, but nothing to compare with the Yankee loss. - - - - - CHAPTER X - - SECOND MANASSAS AND MARYLAND CAMPAIGN—SHARPSBURG—BACK - TO VIRGINIA—FROM - WINCHESTER TO CULPEPER—TO - FREDERICKSBURG - - - SECOND MANASSAS AND THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN - -Some time after the battles around Richmond, the brigade set out on what -is called the Maryland campaign. It took part in the second battle of -Manassas, on the 30th of August, 1862, when my brother, Robert W., who -was just eighteen years old, and had joined the company the day before, -was badly wounded in the thigh. He was taken to Warrenton, where his -father came to him. While there the latter had a severe spell of typhoid -fever. - -In the fight Company C lost four men killed, as follows: Harvey Martin, -W. H. Hendricks, Chas. Murrell, and H. O. Elliott, and several wounded. -In this battle the brigade charged and captured a Yankee battery. - - - SHARPSBURG - -The brigade was also engaged in the battle of Sharpsburg, Md., on the -17th of September, 1862, when Major Clement was in command of the -Eleventh Regiment and was desperately wounded. He never again returned -to the army. He still lives in Campbell County, respected and honored by -his people. Adam Clement was a true man, among the bravest of the brave. - -I have heard some of Company C relate that on the evening of September -15th, when near Sharpsburg, they saw General Lee by the roadside. When -the head of the column, which was falling back before the Yankee army -from the direction of South Mountain, reached a certain point, General -Lee remarked, as the troops by his order filed off the road to form line -of battle, "We will make our stand on these hills," and here the -Confederates did make a desperate stand before a largely superior force, -30,000 against 80,000, and held their ground to the end. This was a -bloody fight, many thousand men being killed and wounded on both sides. -General Jackson had a few days before captured Harper's Ferry, with -11,000 prisoners and large quantities of stores and munitions of war. -Jackson and his men then set out to rejoin General Lee at Sharpsburg, -arriving, some of them, late in the afternoon on the 17th inst., with -ranks much depleted by the hasty march. But "old Jack" got there in time -to save the day. - -Company C lost two, and perhaps more, men killed, as follows: Joe Rice -and John Rice, and several wounded. - - - BACK TO VIRGINIA - -After the battle of Sharpsburg the brigade, with the Confederate troops, -re-crossed the Potomac River and camped about Winchester until the -latter part of October. - -I rejoined the army near Winchester about the 25th of September, 1862, -going by railroad to Staunton in company with several men of Company C, -who had been home on sick and wounded furloughs, from whence we tramped -down the pike and back road, a distance of ninety-odd miles to and -beyond Winchester. - -The second day, I think it was, we left the rock road, crossing over to -the back road in order to procure rations more easily along the way, -which we did without any trouble, buying our food from the farm-houses -along the road, and sleeping in the woods at night. It took four or five -days to make the trip. - -With the main army, the brigade left Winchester about the 25th of -October, marched up the rock road some distance, then struck across -towards the Blue Ridge, wading the Shenandoah River, waist-deep or more. -Along the farther side of the river, I remember there were some grand -old sycamore trees growing with wide-spreading branches. Whenever I read -of or hear Stonewall Jackson's dying words, "Let us cross over the river -and rest under the shade of the trees," I think of those sycamores on -the Shenandoah, under which I have no doubt Jackson and his men rested -in the long ago. - -We crossed the Blue Ridge at Thornton's Gap, not far from Sperryville, -passing through Madison, Rappahannock, Orange, and Culpeper counties. -Through Madison County the road ran for some distance along Robinson -River, which has the rockiest bed I ever saw, literally covered with -small boulders, not very small at that, some of them. We arrived at -Culpeper Court House about the 3d of November. In the meantime, the -enemy had crossed the Potomac and were then near Warrenton, Fauquier -County, and about the middle of November moved towards Fredericksburg. - -The army remained in Culpeper and Orange counties until about the 19th -of November, 1862, when it moved on towards Fredericksburg, where the -brigade arrived about the 25th of November, stopping by the way several -times, going through the Wilderness country—large tracts of woodlands, -miles and miles in extent, which afterwards became famous as the ground -on which several bloody battles were fought—a part of the way along the -old plank-road, going into, as was thought, winter quarters, building -"dog houses," some two miles south of Fredericksburg. - -The Yankee army, now commanded by General Burnside, was in camp on the -opposite side of the Rappahannock River, on what was called Stafford -Heights, which overlooked the town and country on the south side, their -thousands of white tents being in plain view from the hills on the south -side of the river. - -The Yankees always camped in the open fields, where they pitched their -tents. The Confederates camped in woods after the first year, when -improvised shelters were used, for few were the tents they had. - -The camps of both armies extended along the river, on either side, some -twelve or fifteen miles. The picket lines were along the river banks, in -sight of each other, but no firing was done; instead, the soldiers -sometimes clandestinely crossed over, swapping tobacco and coffee—the -"Johnnies," as the Yankees called the Confederates, having the tobacco, -and the "Yanks" the coffee. Newspapers were also exchanged. - -While here many of the men were without shoes, and beef hides were -issued to make moccasins, but this was a poor shift for shoes, and did -little or no good. - - - - - CHAPTER XI - - THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG—KEMPER'S - BRIGADE IN RESERVE—SPECTACULAR SCENE—BEHIND - MARYE'S HILL—SHARP-SHOOTING—AT - HOME—SAD LOSS - - - THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG - -Longstreet was in command of the corps, and Gen. Geo. E. Pickett was the -division commander, having been assigned to the division in September. -The hills along the south side of the river on which Lee's army was -encamped are from a half to a mile back from the river, broad bottom -lands intervening between the river and hills. When the line of battle -was formed, Jackson's Corps was on the Confederate right, Longstreet on -the left, and Kemper's Brigade on Longstreet's right flank, and about -the center of the line of battle, which was some four miles long. - -Jackson being on the right, no one was uneasy about that wing; -Longstreet on the left, with General Lee near him, all felt at ease, and -with Pickett's Division about the center, we were sure of success. - -I don't know whether the Yankees knew Kemper's Brigade was in the center -or not; one thing certain, they did not attack this part of the line. I -for one was very glad of it, and I think I had company. - -It had been rumored about camp for some time that the Yankees were about -to cross the river and give battle. On the morning of the 11th of -December the rumor proved true—the Yankees were preparing to cross now, -beyond a doubt. I remember when we were aroused early that morning by -the Yankee guns shelling the town, I exclaimed, "Poor old -Fredericksburg!" It was not a part of General Lee's plan to seriously -contest the crossing; only one brigade, Barksdale's Mississippians, who -occupied the river front, in and just below the town as pickets, made -any resistance. They, however, drove back several times the pontoon -bridge-builders before they succeeded in laying their bridges across the -river, which is here about 300 yards wide. It was not until the -afternoon of the 12th that the Yankee army had crossed over. On the -morning of the 13th of December, 1862, when the line of battle was -finally formed for the big fight, I remember General Kemper rode out in -front of each regiment of his brigade and spoke to the men, urging them -to do their duty, saying among other things, "If we can whip the enemy -here to-day, I tell you from what I know, the Confederacy is surely -established." But alas! he did not know. The enemy was badly whipped -that day, but the Confederacy failed. - -As before said, the Yankees did not attack the center of the Confederate -lines, but tried both the right and left wings about the same time. The -morning of the 13th of December was very foggy along the river bottoms, -and it was some time after sun-up, perhaps nine or ten o'clock, before -the fog lifted and the battle commenced. Soon after the firing began on -the right and left, Kemper's Brigade was marched back off the line of -battle up on a hill, so as to be in position to give support wherever -needed. While lying down there a big shell from a Yankee gun across the -river was fired at the line. The big, long shell, "camp kettles," as -they were called, struck the ground near by, but did not explode—it just -tipped along through the chinquapin bushes like an old hare and then lay -still; no one went out to investigate—all were glad it did not burst, -and just "left it be." They did not throw any more over there; all were -glad of that, too, but did not let the Yanks know it; we just laid -still, and like Pete Vaughan's bear, "never said a word," nor made any -sign of approval or disapproval. - -From where the brigade lay on this hill, the Yankee lines advancing on -Jackson's position could be plainly seen, but Jackson's men could not be -seen—only the smoke from their guns, the men being concealed in the -woods. - - - SPECTACULAR SCENE - -This battle scene was a grand spectacle—more like some great panoramic -picture of a battle than anything I saw during the war. Ordinarily, very -little of a battle is seen by the troops engaged or in reserve, the -reserve forces being generally concealed as much as possible from the -enemy, and the troops engaged too busy to pay any attention to what is -going on except in their immediate front. Most of the fighting is done -in the woods. - -Three times with triple lines of battle the Yankees advanced across the -open field to within musket range of Jackson's men, the artillery on -each side belching forth shot and shell, grape and canister the while, -and each time upon receiving a deadly fire, halted and then began to -waiver, give back, scatter and finally disappear over the rise in the -ground, out of sight and out of range, leaving many dead and wounded -behind. - -The Yankee officers on horseback could be seen riding hither and thither -among the men. One fellow on an iron-gray horse was particularly active -and conspicuous, seeming to be doing his utmost to urge his men forward, -but all to no purpose. They had run up against "Stonewall," and they had -no better success than their comrades, who about the same time were -butting up against a rock wall at the foot of Marye's Hill, on the -Confederate left. We could see the Yankee ambulances busy hauling the -wounded across the river and up the hills beyond, to the hospitals. - -All the time we could hear the roar of the battle-tide to the left, as -well as see and hear it on the right. The booming of the cannon, the -bursting of the shells, and the long, deep, continuous roar of the -musketry, made a noise as if all nature was in convulsion. - - "Then shook the hills with thunder riven, - Then rushed the steed to battle driven, - And louder than the bolts of heaven, - Far flashed the red artillery." - -The big Yankee guns over the river punctuating the noise with frequent -loud and long sounding booms, followed by the screams of the big shells, -as they sped across the river, the reply of the Confederates' heavy -guns—all sounded like "pandemonium broke loose"—whatever that is—or like -the crash of worlds in the coming clash of the spheres, if ever God -Almighty lets loose the reins that hold them in their orbits. It has -been said that during this battle, General Lee remarked to some one, -"This is grand; it is well that it does not come often. We would become -too fond of such things." - - - BEHIND MARYE'S HILL - -Soon after the Yankees got enough of Stonewall's men on the right, and -while the battle was still raging on the left, Kemper's Brigade was -called to "attention," and marched off in quick time to the left towards -Fredericksburg; going to support the troops on Marye's Hill, who had -borne the heat and burden of the day on that wing, passing Gen. R. E. -Lee on the road, standing by his war horse, "Traveler," with his staff -about him, on a high point from where he could "view the landscape -o'er," and a large part of the battlefield as well; I think, however, -General Lee was giving more attention to the battle than to the -landscape. A battery of heavy artillery was near by, engaged in a duel -with the Yankee guns across the river. The brigade did not halt to act -as a second in that duel, but hurried on down the telegraph road towards -Fredericksburg. - -Just about the time the head of the column reached the foot of the long -hill, and filed to the left, a Yankee battery from somewhere, presumably -from across the river, commenced throwing shells right into the line, -exploding in the midst, and knocking men right and left. A few feet in -front I saw a shell explode and knock several men of Company H heels -over head. All were now moving at a run and soon got out of range of -this battery, crossing Hazel Run, and going in the rear of Marye's Hill, -lying down there until dark, expecting to be called into action at any -moment. But Generals Ransom and Cobb, with their gallant North -Carolinians and Georgians, stood like statues behind the rock wall—with -the now famous Washington Artillery, under Colonel Walton, behind them -on the crest of the hill—and repulsed with great slaughter the frequent -and desperate assaults made by the enemy in columns of whole divisions, -literally covering the ground with dead Yankees. Not during the war was -any piece of ground so thickly covered with dead men as this. - -Some years ago I talked with a Yankee soldier who was in one of the -assaulting columns at this place, who described the situation there in -front of the Confederate lines as, "a hell on earth." - -Six separate and distinct assaults the Yankees made with divisions -heavily massed, but all failed. - -While the brigade lay just back of the hill, spent balls came over from -the front, dropping among the men, and now and then wounding some one—a -very uncomfortable position to be in, though not very dangerous; the -balls had hardly force enough to kill, yet they hit pretty hard. I -remember Captain Houston, of Company K, had the breath fairly knocked -out of him by being struck about the short ribs with a spent minie ball. -The surgeon made an examination and found the skin had not been broken, -only a severe bruise, whereupon he remarked, "It is only a furlough -wound." No enemy was in sight upon whom the fire could be returned; all -that could be done was to lay low, hug mother earth, and await events. - -About sundown the firing ceased and the battle of Fredericksburg was -over, though no one knew it. - -The Yankees had been beaten back at every point they assailed the -Confederate lines, but were not routed nor driven back across the river. -General Lee, standing on the defensive all this day, still stood -awaiting another attack, but none came. - -I have often thought how presumptuous it was in Burnside to attack Lee -and Jackson in their chosen position; although his forces greatly -outnumbered theirs, yet he stood no earthly chance of driving the -Confederates from their position. General Burnside used no strategy or -tactics in this battle; he just hurled his massed forces against Lee's -lines. - -"On to Richmond" was the clamor at the North, and Burnside had to do -something. He got soundly whipped, for a fact. - - - SHARP-SHOOTING - -At dark the brigade went around the hill to the left and relieved the -troops who had been fighting all day. The Eleventh Regiment was placed -in a cut in the road on the outskirts of the town, just to the left of -the stone wall, remaining here that night, and the next day, -sharp-shooting with the Yankees posted in the houses of the town. If a -head was raised above the bank for half a minute, "sip" would come a -minie ball, the Confederates returning the fire, giving the Yankees -tit-for-tat—shot for shot. - -It was fun for some of Company C to place a hat or cap on a ramrod, -raise it slowly above the bank, and as soon as the Yankee ball whizzed -by, rise up and fire at the door or window from whence the puff of smoke -came. Some of them would raise a hand above the bank and say, "Look, -boys, I am going to get a furlough wound," but they would hold it there -only a second, lest it be struck sure enough. I saw here one of the men -fire upon two Yankees, one on the back of the other, who let his charge -drop at the crack of the gun. I have often regretted not preventing this -shot. It was a case of one comrade helping a sick or wounded friend. -Then we looked upon them as deadly enemies, and they were, too; -revengeful, vindictive, and cruel. - -All that day and the next, the 14th and 15th, the two armies lay still, -only engaging in sharp-shooting and picket-firing along some parts of -the line. On the night of the 15th, the Yankees, like the Arab, folded -their tents and quietly stole away in the night, re-crossing the river -on their pontoon bridges, which they drew ashore on the north bank, and -again all was quiet along the banks of the Rappahannock; "no sound save -the rush of the river." But many a soldier was "off duty forever." - -In the battle of Fredericksburg the Yankees admitted the loss of between -twelve and fifteen thousand men killed, wounded and captured, while the -Confederate loss was comparatively light. - -The brigade, on the 16th, marched back a mile or two south of -Fredericksburg, camping in the woods near Guinea Station, on the -Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad, where big snowball battles -were fought, regiment pitted against regiment, the field officers on -horseback taking part, and getting well pelted too. - -While in camp near Fredericksburg, John Lane, a young soldier of Company -C, died. He had been sick only a few days. One evening we had orders to -be ready to march at sun-up the next morning. I got up that morning -quite early to look after him and get him in the ambulance. I first went -to where he was sleeping to enquire how he was. I found him lying -between two of his sleeping comrades, stark and cold in death, his -bed-fellows being unaware that he had passed away while they slept. -Blood-stains on his lips told that he had died of hemorrhage. We -remained in the vicinity of Fredericksburg until the latter part of -February, 1863. Just before the brigade moved from here, an order came -to detail one officer from each regiment to go home for supplies of -shoes, socks, and clothing for the men. Maj. Kirk Otey, who was in -command of the regiment, very kindly gave me this detail without -solicitation on my part. Of course, I was delighted to go home, and be -with the loved ones, but this great pleasure ended very sadly indeed. A -terrible stroke fell on my wife and myself in the death of our little -boy, Dixie, who was then nearly eighteen months old. We had gone from my -father's, where my wife made her home during the war, to her father's, -Capt. William Cocke, when our little boy was taken with a severe spell -of acute indigestion, which threw him into convulsions, caused -congestion of the brain, and in spite of all that loving hearts and -hands and medical skill could do, he died in a few days. We laid him to -rest in the old family graveyard at Shady Grove with sad, sad hearts. -The day after he was buried I had to leave home for the army, the time -of my detail having expired, and the rules of war being inexorable, I -had to go. My wife was inconsolable. It was with a sad and heavy heart I -left her in care of those I knew full well would do all for her that -human love and sympathy could do. Duty called me hence and I had to -obey. - - - - - CHAPTER XII - - TO RICHMOND, CHESTER, AND PETERSBURG—TO - NORTH CAROLINA—BACK TO VIRGINIA, AT - SUFFOLK—TO TAYLORSVILLE—ON TO - JOIN GENERAL LEE - - - TO RICHMOND - -While I was away Pickett's Division and other troops under Longstreet -left the vicinity of Fredericksburg, marched to and through Richmond, -and camped on the 13th of February, 1863, near Chester Station, on the -Richmond & Petersburg Railroad. I heard some of the men say, that when -bivouacked here, while the army slept under their blankets a heavy snow -fell, enveloping all in a mantle of white while sleeping comfortably and -quietly until day dawned, unconscious of the additional cover spread -over them during the night. I rejoined the command about that time, and -later we marched to the south side of Petersburg, protecting forage -trains down towards Suffolk. - -After marching in Southside, Va., for a few days, through Southampton -and other counties, where we got some of the splendid hams—the finest I -ever ate—for which this section is justly famous, one afternoon our mess -bought some fresh herring. That night we ate all we could for supper and -covered the rest up in the leaves for breakfast. But we were aroused at -daybreak the next morning, and left for Petersburg, leaving the herring -there in the woods. I often afterwards thought of and wished for those -fish. - - - OFF FOR THE OLD NORTH STATE - -About the 20th of March, 1863, the brigade took the train at Petersburg -for North Carolina. We were in box-cars, and built fires of pine wood on -piles of dirt in the cars. It was very cold, and all were well smoked. -We went by way of Weldon to Goldsboro, going into camp in the long-leaf -pine woods just north of the town. - -While here three men were shot for desertion. All the regiments were -drawn up around the victims, who were bound to stakes in hollow square -formation, one side of the square being open. A detail of eighteen men, -one-half of whom had balls in their guns and the other half without -balls, did the shooting. I don't remember to what commands these -deserters belonged; I am sure none of them belonged to the Eleventh -Regiment. This was to me a sickening spectacle, never witnessed before -or afterwards. Very few Confederate soldiers suffered a like fate. It -was necessary to make examples sometimes. - -From Goldsboro we went to Kinston, on Neuse River, remaining here -several days, and then marched to New Berne, lower down the Neuse—where -there was some fighting with the Yankees who occupied the town. The -Eleventh Regiment was not engaged. It was expected the place would be -attacked, but it was not. General Pickett was in command. - -I remember it was after night when the vicinity of New Berne was reached -by Kemper's Brigade. Company C was detailed for picket duty. The company -was conducted out through the pitch darkness, the night being foggy and -very dark, by a guide sent for the purpose, who led us for some distance -across an open field, finally posting the company with instruction to -keep a sharp lookout for the Yankees in our front. When morning dawned, -it was discovered that the company was one-half mile away from where it -was intended to be posted, and facing in the wrong direction. - -While in North Carolina, rations were plentiful, sweet potatoes and rice -especially, also black-eyed peas, cornbread and bacon, all of which were -greatly enjoyed, for rations had been pretty short in Virginia for some -time. The country down on Neuse River was very rich and productive, -large quantities of corn being raised, and while the troops occupied the -country and kept the Yankees in their strongholds near the coast, -foragers were busy with the wagons hauling out provisions and supplies -for the army in Virginia. - -There were some fine old plantations and homes in this rich lowland -country, where once prosperity, peace and happiness reigned; but now all -was changed; the ruthless hand of a cruel and relentless enemy had been -laid upon the country along the coast, the towns were in his possession, -and the country and people for many miles back wore an aspect of gloom -and despair, with many lone chimneys standing out as grim monuments to -Yankee vandalism. - -While at Kinston, Lieut. John W. Daniel, later United States Senator, -who was then adjutant of the Eleventh Regiment, was promoted to major -and ordered to report to Gen. Jubal A. Early, for duty as chief of -staff, which position he filled with credit and distinction until he -fell desperately wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, and as all -know, maimed for life. What a name and fame he won in civil life is -known of all men. - - - BACK TO VIRGINIA - -About the 4th of April, 1863, the brigade left North Carolina by train -for Franklin Station, Va., south of Petersburg, on Blackwater River. In -a few days, with other troops under the command of General Longstreet, -we crossed Blackwater River and marched down near Suffolk, and had -several skirmishes with the Yankees, who occupied the town. No attempt -was made to capture the place. I think the object of the expedition was -to give the Confederates an opportunity of gathering supplies along the -Blackwater River and beyond, and by threatening Suffolk, prevent the -Yankees sending reënforcements to Hooker, whom Lee was confronting on -the Rappahannock. - -The Confederates had a line of breastworks extending out from the Dismal -Swamp at right angles on either side of the main road to Suffolk to -another swamp on the left, with an abattis in front, but as usual the -Yankees did not attack. There was also one or more batteries of -artillery along, and some cavalry. - -The picket line was about 1,000 yards to the front, at the further edge -of a pine thicket, with open fields in front, extending towards Suffolk, -though we were not in sight of the town; there were rifle-pits every few -yards along the picket line. - -One day while here the Yankees came out from Suffolk in force, drove in -the pickets, and placed a battery in position in sight of the -breastworks 800 yards away, and opened fire. The works were at once -manned, and two batteries vigorously returned the fire of the enemy. All -were expecting an attack on the breastworks and were prepared to meet -it, but it did not come. It was not long before a shell from one of the -Confederate guns struck and exploded an ammunition chest of a Yankee -gun, at which a wild cheer went up from the Confederate lines, whereupon -the Yankees broke and ran for dear life, leaving a disabled limber and -one or more dead men on the ground. The captain of our battery had -measured the distance from the breastworks to the point where the -Yankees planted their battery, and knew exactly how to cut the fuse to -do effective work. A Yankee detail returned the next day under flag of -truce to get their dead, and said, "When you fellows raised that yell, -we thought you were charging us, and we decamped in short order." The -"Rebel yell" had terrified them again. - -Another day, when Company C and Company D were on picket, the Yankees -came out again. We could see the skirmishers deploying across an open -field half a mile or more to the front, while their main body marched -along the outside of the road fence in columns of fours, partially hid -by trees and bushes. On they came, nearer and nearer, until the -skirmishers reached a fence running parallel with our line some distance -in front, rather out of range of our guns; here they halted and -commenced shooting at long range. Expecting the main body to advance and -attempt to drive us back from the picket line, we occupied the -rifle-pits, and Captain Houston and myself tried to restrain the men -from returning the fire until the enemy was in good range, but when the -balls would come whizzing by, whacking the trees behind us, some of the -men would crack away now and then in spite of us, but did not hit any of -the Yankees. - -While this was going on, a black smoke burst forth from a large -dwelling-house about 150 yards in our front, on the right of the road, -the inmates, women and children, running and screaming from the burning -house. The vandals had set fire to that house and burned it with all its -contents, leaving those women and children homeless and helpless, only, -as they said, because some of the Confederate pickets had been going -there and getting something to eat. The miscreants left when the flames -enveloped the house. - -The Confederates gave them a parting volley, together with a loud cheer -of derision and defiance. One of the Yankees was seen to fall, but got -up again and went on. Sam Franklin, of Company C, took deliberate aim at -this man in the road. At the crack of his gun the Yankee fell prone to -the ground, when Sam cried out exultingly, "I got him; I got him." As -the Yankee struggled to his feet and moved off down the road, Sam's -exultant tone changed to one of chagrin, as he said, "No, I didn't; he's -got up and gone." The Yankee went off; we never knew whether he had a -bullet hole in his measly hide or not. No doubt all of us hoped he had, -and that it had reached a vital spot. - -After remaining near Suffolk several days longer, the command returned -to Franklin Station, which place was abandoned on the —— day of May. -Marching through the country, Petersburg was reached the 9th of May, -1863. From thence we went to Taylorsville, in Hanover County, remaining -at the latter place until about the 3d of June. - -This falling back from Suffolk was done in regular military order, as if -expecting the enemy to make a hot pursuit. The trees along the roadside -were chopped nearly down by the corps of sappers and miners—"_sappling_ -miners," as some of the boys called them—ready to be felled across the -road by a few licks of the axe when the rear guard had passed. At the -bridge across Blackwater, troops were deployed in line of battle on -either side of the road; the artillery was also in position, in battery, -unlimbered and ready for action; General Longstreet was at the bridge -seeing to it that every detail was carried out. But the enemy made no -effort to pursue. I think the bridge was destroyed after all had crossed -over. - -In the meantime General Lee had, on the 1st to 5th of May, fought and -won the battle of Chancellorsville, where the immortal "Stonewall" -Jackson fell. - -While down on the Dismal Swamp the echoes of the great guns, away up on -the Rappahannock, could be heard rolling through the swamps and -lowlands; loud-mouthed messengers, telling of the deadly struggle raging -far away. - - - - - CHAPTER XIII - - PENNSYLVANIA CAMPAIGN—GETTYSBURG—BACK - TO VIRGINIA—GENERAL LEE AND ARMY - OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA - - - PENNSYLVANIA CAMPAIGN - -These troops—Pickett's Division and others—that had been in North -Carolina and southeast of Petersburg since February, as before said, -halted at Taylorsville, where they remained until the 3d of June, 1863. -Leaving Corse's Brigade at Taylorsville, they then set out to join -General Lee's army. Of course, no one knew where we were going, nor what -General Lee's plans were. We were going to join "Mars Bob," and follow -where he might lead. The Gettysburg or Pennsylvania campaign having been -determined on, General Lee was gathering in all available troops. The -battles around Chancellorsville had been fought and won without -Longstreet and his legions, except McLaw's Division, but now they were -again to play an important part in the army of Northern Virginia. We -marched through the counties of Hanover, Spottsylvania, Orange, and -Culpeper. - -On the march I was taken sick, riding in an ambulance part of the way; -the night before reaching Culpeper Court House I was quite ill. The next -morning I was sent in an ambulance to Culpeper Court House to be -forwarded to Lynchburg. At Culpeper I stopped at the hotel, where I went -to bed until the next morning, when I got aboard the train for -Lynchburg. The ladies at Culpeper were very kind to me, as they were to -all soldiers, doing everything in their power for the Confederates all -over the South. - -On the train near Charlottesville I met Dr. G. W. Thornhill, who had -been the regimental surgeon until a short while before, and with whom I -had become quite intimate. The doctor was very kind, and before we got -to Lynchburg, told me I need not go to the hospital, he being the chief -surgeon in charge, but to a private house, and that his ambulance would -be at the dépôt. When we got to Lynchburg, he took me to his ambulance, -telling the driver to take me wherever I wished to go, saying he would -come to see me every day. I went out on College Hill to my -brother-in-law's, Mr. Geo. A. Burks, where, of course, I had the best of -attention, and Dr. Thornhill, true to his promise, visited me daily. My -wife and father came up at once, the former remaining with me until I -was able to go out home in a carriage, which was in about two weeks. Dr. -Thornhill said he had no authority to issue sick furloughs, but that I -could go home, stay until I was well and report back to him, which I did -in about three weeks. - - - GETTYSBURG - -General Lee led his army on towards the Potomac, maneuvering, so as to -force the enemy to evacuate Virginia. The Southern army crossed the -river and invaded Pennsylvania, when the bloody and ill-fated battle of -Gettysburg was fought on the 1st, 2d and 3d days of July, 1863. - -On account of this sickness I missed the Pennsylvanian campaign and the -Gettysburg battle, in which Pickett's Division greatly distinguished -itself, making a name that will live forever. I have often regretted not -being in that charge; may be, if I had been there I would not now be -writing these reminiscences. - -In the battle of Gettysburg the loss was very heavy. Company C lost six -men killed as follows: Lieut. James Connelly, M. M. ("Boy") Mason, -Daniel Pillow, Charles Jones, Dabney Tweedy, and Lanious Jones. -Lieutenant Connelly and Daniel Pillow were reported missing; that is, no -one saw them fall and they were never heard of afterwards, and no doubt -died on that bloody field doing their duty. They were brave and faithful -soldiers. I was told by some of the company that when the command came -to charge, after the heavy cannonading had ceased, Charles Jones was -among the first on his feet, and although only a private, called out, -"Come on, boys, let's go and drive away those infernal Yankees." He died -game. It was also said of Dabney Tweedy, that as he was borne to the -rear on a stretcher, his lifeblood fast flowing, he sang with his last -breath a hymn he and his mess were wont to sing in camp. The company -also had a number of men wounded. J. C. Jones lost an arm; my brother -Robert W., was wounded in both feet. While going forward in that -desperate charge the latter was struck with a minie ball on the instep -of the right foot. Stopping to ascertain the extent of the wound, and -"to see if I was hurt bad enough to go to the rear," as he expressed it, -another ball struck his left foot just at the root of the third or -fourth toe, tearing its way through the full length of his foot, and -stopping in the heel. Hesitating no longer, he picked up his own and -another musket that lay near by, which had fallen from the hands of some -dead or wounded comrade, and using them as crutches, hopped to the rear, -when he was taken charge of by the faithful negro servant, Horace, who -had been with us from the beginning and remained faithful until the end. -Horace, by taking Robert on his back, when no other means of conveyance -was at hand, and by getting him in an ambulance or wagon when possible, -brought him safely out of the enemy's country, across the Potomac, on -down the Valley to Staunton, and in due time landed him safely at home, -where our mother showered thanks on, and almost embraced, the faithful -servant for bringing her boy home. I was at home when he arrived. The -negroes were very faithful during the war, and I have always had kindly -feelings towards them. - -Robert remained at home until his wounds were healed, when he joined the -command, and did faithful service to the end. - - - BACK TO VIRGINIA - -General Lee re-crossed the Potomac ten days after the battle of -Gettysburg, and crossed the Blue Ridge into Culpeper County soon -afterwards. - -I rejoined the command about the last of July in Orange or Culpeper -County. - -There was no more fighting that summer between the main armies of -Northern Virginia and the army of the Potomac, as the Yankees called -their "grand army," greater by far in numbers and resources than the -army of Northern Virginia, but deficient in leaders when compared with -Lee and Jackson, and not equal in the courage and dash that enabled the -much smaller army of Southerners to beat them on nearly every -battlefield. - -Lee and Jackson had a way of throwing a large body of men upon certain -portions of the Yankee lines during a battle, generally striking them in -the flank. Both as strategists and tacticians they were unsurpassed. -They could combine armies and concentrate forces in action with the -greatest skill, which are the true tests of military genius. - -Lee's army was much exhausted and depleted by the spring and summer -campaigns—the great battles around Chancellorsville—which began on the -1st of May and ended on the 5th, on the night of which day the Yankees, -badly beaten, stole back over the Rappahannock River, glad to escape; -the three days' fighting at Gettysburg, in the first two of which the -Confederates were successful, but failed on the third day because -Pickett's men were not properly supported. - -The armies lay on either side of the Rapidan, on the south side of which -General Lee had taken position, while the Yankees confronted him on the -north side, the two armies stretching up and down the river for many -miles. Later General Lee retired south of the Rappahannock. - -The army of Northern Virginia, while its ranks were much depleted by the -many bloody battles of the year (and many were footsore and weary from -the long marches, ragged and dirty as they were), yet the men were not -dispirited nor had they lost faith in their great leader, upon whom all -looked as the greatest captain of the age. I know full well the -sentiment among the men was, that the failure at Gettysburg was due, not -to General Lee's want of skill and ability as a leader, but to the -tardiness of Longstreet, and his failure to support Pickett's charge. -The men knew well where the fault lay, and were not slow to express -themselves. - - - GENERAL LEE AND THE ARMY OF NORTHERN - VIRGINIA - -In August or September, after the men had rested and the army had been -recruited by the return to duty of many sick and wounded, there were -general reviews. The whole army, of every branch—infantry, artillery, -and cavalry—was drawn up in columns of regiments, brigades, and -divisions, in large open fields, General Lee and his staff riding along -the lines of each command, and then all marched by the reviewing -station, showing by the steady and firm step and soldierly bearing that -they were not disheartened, but ready to go whenever their trusted and -beloved commander might point the way. While other commanders were often -criticized, never a word of censure of General Lee escaped the lips of -his men; he was "Mars Bob" and "Uncle Bob" with them, and whatever he -did was right, in their estimation. - -I have just spoken of General Lee as the greatest captain of the age, -and so he was; I am equally sure that the army of Northern Virginia was -never excelled in the annals of the world. - -Without this army Lee and Jackson could never have made the name and -fame they did. These generals had confidence in their men, and the men -had confidence in their generals; there was not only mutual confidence, -but mutual love and esteem. - -History records no incidents like those in which, on two occasions, -Lee's men, when he had placed himself in front to lead desperate -charges, cried out, "General Lee, to the rear"; and private soldiers -actually seized his bridle reins and led his horse through the lines to -the rear saying, "General Lee, we will attend to this; you go to the -rear." I did not see this, but it is too well authenticated to admit of -question. I am sure there were men in Company C, and the other companies -of the Eleventh Regiment, who would have done and said the same thing -under like circumstances. - -At the Bridge of Lodi, Napoleon, after his men had made two unsuccessful -attempts to cross the bridge and capture a battery, seized the colors -and led a successful charge. Lee's men compelled him to go to the rear -and then made successful charges. Some one, in writing of this incident -in Napoleon's career, remarked that "any corporal in the French army -should have been capable of carrying the flag over that bridge." Lee had -thousands of privates capable of leading his horse to the rear and -commanding him to go to the rear. General Lee fully recognized the -prowess of his men, and always gave them due credit in general orders. - -I believe the time will come when some great historian will be raised up -to tell the true story of the Southern Confederacy, of her heroic armies -and matchless leaders; some Gibbons, Burke or Macaulay; and another -Virgil or Homer in a great epic poem will sing of arms and of men, the -like of which the world has never known. An Englishman has truly said, -"It was an army in which every virtue of an army, and the genius of -consummate generalship, had been displayed." - -If Lee and Jackson had lived in the mythological ages of the world they -would have been called the sons of gods, if not very gods, and the men -they led classed with the heroes who fought under the walls of Troy. - -When this history is written the world will be astonished at the -disparity in numbers, equipments, and resources of the contending -armies. - -"True greatness will always bear the test of time. The greatness of -really great men will grow as the ages roll by." The fame of Lee and -Jackson, and the army that helped to make them great, will go down the -eons of time, ever increasing, and when time shall be no more, the echo -will be heard resounding through the corridors of eternity. - - - - - CHAPTER XIV - - TO TAYLORSVILLE—AT CHAFIN'S FARM—TO - NORTH CAROLINA—MARCHING THROUGH - SWAMPS AND SAND—THE CAPTURE OF - PLYMOUTH—COMPANIES C AND G - HAVE SERIOUS EXPERIENCES—INCIDENTS - OF THE BATTLE—THE - GUNBOAT "ALBEMARLE"—COL. - JAMES - DEARING WINS - PROMOTION—ON - TO WASHINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA—NEWBERNE - INVESTED - - - TO TAYLORSVILLE - -In the early fall of 1863, the brigade now commanded by Gen. ("Buck") W. -R. Terry, General Kemper being disabled by wounds received at -Gettysburg, moved down towards Spottsylvania County, and later, about -the 1st of October, 1863, went into camp near Taylorsville, Hanover -County, which seemed a favorite stopping place. I remember on this march -I wore a pair of new boots. My feet becoming sore and blistered, I had -to fall back in the rear. I took off the boots and walked in my socks -until the sand worked through, when the bottoms of my feet began to burn -as if walking on hot embers. I then took off my socks and walked on, -barefooted, until the sand and gravel began to wear away the cuticle, -when I put on my boots without socks, and limped on, coming up with the -command after dark, which was bivouacked by the roadside. - -The brigade remained at Taylorsville until about the 1st of January, -1864, guarding the railroad bridges over the North and South Anna -rivers, and doing picket duty to the east down on the Pamunky. I -remember while on picket that fall, the weather was delightful, the -atmosphere pure and clear as that under the far-famed Italian skies, and -how the boys used to watch the morning-star as it rose high in the -heavens, keeping track of it as late as 10 and 11 o'clock A. M., when it -could be seen plainly with the naked eye, by knowing exactly where to -look, some one always keeping it in sight. - -The command was quite comfortably situated here, some building huts or -"dog houses" and chimneys to tents, and as the picket duty was not very -arduous, we had a pretty good time, though rations were scarce. My -memory is at fault as to the time the brigade was in camp below Richmond -at Chafin's Farm, nearly opposite Drury's Bluff. At any rate, we were -there at one time, and relieved Gen. Henry A. Wise's brigade. Here we -had a fine camping ground in high, level fields, and expected to remain -some time, but did not tarry very long. While here I visited the -batteries at Drury's Bluff, and saw the big guns mounted there, pointing -down a long stretch of the river half a mile or more. The men here said, -that lower down on the bluff other big guns were in position near the -water's edge, which, they declared, "could blow clear out of the water -any Yankee gunboat that attempted to pass up the river." The Yankee -gunboats at one time attacked this place, but were driven off in short -order. The Confederate ironclad gunboat, _Patrick Henry_, lay at anchor -in the river just above the bluff. This I also visited, going on board, -and inspecting the little monster, small though formidable, with its -ribs of railroad iron, and big guns. I was struck with how neat and -clean everything was kept—spic and span as any ladies' parlor or -drawing-room—the floors highly polished, the brass work clean and -shining, and the officers and crew very polite, taking pains and seeming -pride in showing visitors over the boat. - -Soon after we arrived at Chafin's Farm I went on some errand for General -Kemper or General Terry (I forget now which was in command) to Gen. -Henry A. Wise's headquarters. I had seen General Wise before and had -heard him speak more than once, but had never met him. I was struck with -his polite and pleasing manner, and the courtesy with which he received -me. But the man of the most pleasing and delightful manners I met during -the war was Col. Isaac H. Carrington, provost marshal of Richmond. I had -occasion once to visit his office on business and was perfectly charmed -with his urbanity not profuse or embarrassing to a visitor, but -delightfully easy and pleasing was his manner; I am sure he was a born -gentleman. - -I should have stated before, that in the early fall of 1863, soon after -the brigade and the other brigades of Pickett's Division had been -detached and sent to Taylorsville, thence below Petersburg, Longstreet -and his other two divisions, Hood's and McLaw's, were also detached and -sent to Tennessee, where they rendered distinguished service in the -battle of Chickamauga, and later at Knoxville. - - - TO NORTH CAROLINA AGAIN - -On the 10th of January, 1864, the brigade embarked on the cars at -Petersburg for Goldsboro, N. C, via Weldon; remained at Goldsboro until -near the last of the month, going thence to Kinston, on Neuse River. - -About the 1st of February the brigade, with other troops under General -Pickett, marched to New Berne, lower down on the Neuse. The town was -invested and there was some fighting, some outposts taken and prisoners -captured as well as considerable stores, but the town was not attacked, -nor was the Eleventh Regiment actively engaged, though at one time the -brigade was drawn up in line of battle, and all thought that we were -going into a fight. I remember as the line was being formed, seeing the -drummers with their drums slung over their shoulders going back to where -the surgeons had selected a position for the field hospital, to assist -the doctors. I remarked to some one that if I lived through the war, I -intended to have all my boys learn to beat the drum. Whenever the -drummers and the cavalry were seen going to the rear, some one was sure -to say, "Look out, boys, we are going to have a fight." The troops -marched back to Kinston, thence to Goldsboro, where we remained until -the 20th of February, when we again marched to Kinston. - -About this time, I got a twenty-days' furlough and went home. Many of -the officers and men got furloughs during the winter, as there was -little or no fighting going on. - - - MARCHING THROUGH SWAMPS AND SAND - -We lived pretty well while marching and tramping around through the -swamps and sands of Eastern North Carolina, but some of the marches were -very trying. In places the roadbeds were worn down a foot or two; in -rainy weather the roads would be full of mud and water half-leg deep, -through which we tramped for miles on a stretch, the roadside being -closely bordered with thick-growing bushes and intertwining vines; it -was impossible to avoid the slush and water. Often when a particularly -muddy stretch of road, or a big, deep mudhole was encountered, some wag -would call out, "Boys, you have been looking for a soft place, here it -is." By the "soft place" was meant an easy, bomb-proof detail, where -there was no fighting, picket or guard duty to perform. - -Some of these marches were made in the night time, when the men would -splash and flounder along through the mud, some swearing, some laughing -and cracking jokes, and ever and anon, the "Bonnie Blue Flag," "Dixie," -or some other patriotic song would be started, when the woodland would -ring for miles with the songs, and the echoes go rolling through the -swamps and marshes. - -In some sections the roads ran through high and dry lands, the roadbeds -filled with loose, white sand, over which the marching was very -laborious; sometimes through the long-leaf pine turpentine orchards, as -they were called—great forests of tall pines, the bark from two sides of -the trees being scraped off, with steel-bladed knives on long poles, -many feet from the ground, so that when the sap rises it exudes freely, -running down the trunks of the trees into deep notches near the ground, -cut with long-bladed axes, made for the purpose, and then dipped out -into buckets and conveyed to the turpentine distillery. - -During the winter these scraped-off surfaces are incrusted with dried -rosin, which burns freely when set on fire, the blaze running up the -trees many feet. On these night marches sometimes the soldiers would -apply the torch to the rosin-covered trees along the roadside, when the -woods and country around would be lighted up, the flames leaping up the -tall pines to the very tops; the long, gray moss hanging in festoons -from the branches of the live oaks interspersed among the pines, the -glare of the long streaks of flame reflecting on the white sand, -scintillating like carpets woven of silver threads and sprinkled with -tiny diamonds; the gloom off in the woods beyond the penetration of the -light, and anon the hooting of the big owl and the scream of the -nighthawk—all brought to mind scenes described in fairy tales, where -witches and goblins in fantastic attire and shapes participate in high -carnival, reveling with kindred spirits in some vale of tangled -wild-wood, deep hidden and embossed in the gloom, save for the glare of -the torches of the devotees—while the gray lines of the soldiers, like -grim spectral figures stalking along betwixt the blazing trees, the red -lights flashing from their burnished muskets and bayonets, reflected on -their begrimed faces, resembled gigantic and uncanny figures moving -amidst the flames of some plutorion realm. - -These high, sandy roads traverse the country between Goldsboro, Kinston, -and Tarboro. - -While I was on furlough, the command went by train to Wilmington, thence -by steamer down Cape Fear River to Smithville, opposite Fort Fisher, -camping on the seashore, where the men feasted on oysters and fish. - -After the expiration of my furlough I returned to the command, which -was, when I left home, still on the seashore, but on my arrival at -Wilmington I met the brigade on the return trip up the river on the way -to Goldsboro, where we remained until the 1st of April, then marched to -Tarboro on Tar River, when some one started a report that "Tar River was -on fire," but the report, like many others circulated in the army, -proved untrue. These rumors were called "grapevine dispatches," and were -about on a par with the weather man's reports of to-day. While at -Manassas the first year of the war a report was circulated that the -Black Horse Cavalry had captured the Yankee gunboat _Pawnee_ on the -Potomac River. - - - THE CAPTURE OF PLYMOUTH - -On the 15th of April, 1864, the brigade, with other troops—infantry, -artillery, and cavalry, under the command of Gen. R. F. Hoke, of North -Carolina—marched on Plymouth, which was captured on the 20th of April, -with a brigade of Yankees, and large quantities of stores, arms, and -provisions. Our little army lived high for a few days, literally -feasting on the fat of the land. While besieging the town, Company C and -Company G of the Eleventh Regiment had an experience worth relating; a -very trying and disastrous one it was, too, for these two companies, -which I will presently relate. Plymouth is situated on the south bank of -Roanoke River, not far from where it empties into the Albemarle Sound. - -The Yankees had erected several forts and redoubts around the place, one -of which, Fort Warren, was about a mile up the river and not in sight of -the town. When the town was invested, Terry's Brigade, except the -Twenty-fourth Regiment, which went below near the town, was placed in -front of this fort, which could not be seen from where the lines were -first formed, for the woods intervened. As soon as the lines were -established, Company C was detailed for picket duty and placed along the -farther edge of the piece of woods in which the line was formed. I -walked out in the field to see what could be seen, and pretty soon came -in sight of the Yankee pickets to the left, one of whom took off his cap -and waved it; I did not return his salute. About that time there -appeared beyond the Yankee pickets, still further to the left, what I at -first thought was a train of cars. While I was looking on in -astonishment, a puff of smoke burst from the supposed train with a loud -boom and shriek through the air, which I at once recognized as a cannon -shot and shell. I divined at once, that what I had taken for a train of -cars was a Yankee gunboat steaming up Roanoke River, though I could not -see the river for the high banks. I don't know whether that shell was -fired at me or not—they may have just been "shelling the woods"; I was -the only Confederate in sight of the boat in the direction which it was -fired. If it was, it was a poor shot, it went high overhead and crashed -into the woods beyond. I did not run, but am pretty certain I ducked my -head, and walked back to the picket line; I did not return the -salutation of the Yankee picket, but bowed to the shell. It was very -hard to keep from dodging when a shell went by, or a minie ball whizzed -close. I heard a story on one of our generals who, on one occasion when -his men were dodging at the minie balls, upbraided them, saying, "Stand -up like men and don't dodge," when pretty quick a shell came very close -to the general, who ducked his head. The men began to laugh, and the -general said, "It is all right to dodge them big ones." - -The gunboat steamed on up the river out of sight. That afternoon or the -next morning the Confederate pickets advanced nearer to, and in sight of -the fort, wading through a swamp in the woods for several hundred yards -from half-leg to knee-deep in water, to the edge of the field in which -the fort was situated, some 800 or 1,000 yards away. - -The companies took daily turns at this duty while the siege of the town -lasted. - - - COMPANIES C AND G HAVE SERIOUS EXPERIENCE - -Now I come to the relation of that trying and disastrous experience -mentioned above. The scare I had from the Yankee gunboat and shell was -as nothing compared to this. One morning before day, Company C and -Company G were aroused from sleep, called to arms, and received -instructions from Colonel Otey, coming from General Terry, to "march out -in the field in front of the fort to within musket range, open fire and -keep down the Yankee gunners while the Confederate battery shells the -Yankees out of the fort." Company G was commanded by Lieut. James -Franklin, of Lynchburg, and I, being the senior officer, had charge of -the expedition. As soon as the orders were received, off we started. -Wading through the swamp, we came out at the picket posts at the edge of -the field when the first streaks of daybreak could be seen in the east. -Company G had not yet gotten out of the swamp. It being important to get -position as near the fort as possible while it was yet dark, I at once -deployed Company C in skirmish line and moved forward, leaving word with -the pickets for Company G to come on as soon as they got through the -swamp. - -We marched on in silence until within about 400 yards of the fort, when -all at once, without any warning, or even saying, "by your leave," the -Yankees let loose the dogs of war upon us, with, as it seemed to me, all -kinds of guns and shot, big and little—shells, grapeshot, canister, and -minie balls. At this warm and sudden salutation, the men fell prone to -the ground. Thinking that we were not close enough to the fort to do -much execution with muskets, I gave the command, "Forward," when every -man rose to his feet and rushed forward some distance. When the command, -"Lie down and commence firing," was given, this was at once obeyed. -About this time Company G came up at double-quick and joined in the -firing. All the while the Yankees were pouring it into us, killing and -wounding a good many. Here the two companies lay out in the open field -without any protection whatever, without a tree or rock, stump or log to -shelter them, firing at the fort until after sun-up, while the -Confederate battery was trying to shell the Yankees out of the fort. -They were only trying, sure enough, for I could see the shells bursting -high in the air over the fort, while never a one entered or exploded -near it. I had sent back for more ammunition, some of the men saying -their supply was running short from the rapid firing, but before the -messenger returned I concluded the right thing to do was to get away -from that place as soon as possible; so I gave the command, "Skirmish in -retreat; double-quick, march," which was done in full double-quick time. -Sad to say, we left five or six men, good soldiers, dead on the field, -while a number of others were wounded. - -Company C lost two good men killed, as follows: Bennett Tweedy, Wm. -Monroe, and I think another, whose name I do not remember. Among the -wounded was Abner Bateman, who had his right arm shattered above the -elbow. A section of the bone was removed by the surgeon, so that -afterwards he had an extra joint, as it were, in his arm. Company G lost -several men also. That night a detail was sent out and brought off the -dead bodies, which were buried down there in the sands of the Old North -State, where, no doubt, they still lie mouldering into dust, if not -already dust, ere this. - -I remember when we came back to the line of battle that morning, F. C. -Tweedy, a brother of Bennett, who from some cause had not gone with us, -came to us and said, "Where is Bennett?" Some one replied, "Bennett was -killed." "Ferd" then threw up his hands and exclaimed, "Oh, my God!" I -shall never forget the agonized tone of Ferd's voice; it was if his very -soul was pierced through and through. - -This fort was manned by 200 men with muskets, besides the big guns, -32-pounders, mounted on the parapet; also had sandbags arranged along -the parapet, so as to form loopholes for muskets. These 200 men in the -fort, well protected, were shooting at the 75 or 80 men laying out there -in the field, without the slightest protection—an equal contest indeed! - -I have always thought it a "fool order" that sent these companies out -that morning. - -It was said afterwards, and no doubt true, that a little lieutenant who -had been doing some scouting, suggested the project to General Terry. -This lieutenant was standing out in the field alone while the firing was -going on that morning, some distance from the firing line, when the -Yankees took a crack at him with a charge of grapeshot, one of which -struck him in the heel and maimed him for life. We did not know that he -was anywhere near, nor that he had been wounded until after the fighting -was over. When it was known that he had suggested the "fool project," I -don't think he got much sympathy from any one. - -On the 20th of April, the troops near the town, by an assault on and -capture of the forts near the place, compelled the surrender of the -enemy. We could hear the fighting going on down the river a mile away. -All at once the firing ceased and cheering commenced, when the men began -to say, "They are cheering—sh! sh! Listen, listen! See which side is -cheering!" It was not long before the "Rebel yell" was recognized, then -all knew the day had been won, when the troops above sent up a mighty -shout in answer to their comrades below. - -Pretty soon two men in a small boat was seen pulling up the river -towards Fort Warren; all knew it meant the surrender of the fort, and it -was not long after they landed before the Stars and Stripes were hauled -down, and a white flag run up in its place. Another mighty cheer went -up—the "Rebel yell"—three times three. It was a glad time when "Old -Glory" slid down the flagpole. Col. Jim Dearing and a Yankee officer -were in this boat. - -The brigade marched down and took possession of the fort and garrison. -Some of the Yankees said they wanted to see the men who came out in the -field that morning, and lay under their fire for nearly an hour. They -saw them and greatly admired such courage as was then and there -displayed. They only lost one man, their best gunner, who was shot -through the body while aiming one of the big guns. The brigade with the -prisoners then marched down to the town, where the other prisoners and -Confederate troops were assembled, when congratulations and good cheer -among the Confederates were exchanged; all feasting on the good things -to eat and drink captured in the forts and town. - - - THE GUNBOAT "ALBEMARLE" - -The capture of Plymouth was greatly aided by the Confederate ironclad -gunboat, _Albemarle_, built at Weldon, and commanded by Captain Cooke, -of the navy, which dropped down the river as the troops marched by land, -the movements of each being timed so as to coöperate in the attack. The -_Albemarle_ glided by the upper fort in the night-time, the night after -the troops invested the town, dropping down the river near Plymouth, -where the Yankees had three gunboats lying in the river. - -The Yankees in Fort Warren, which is situated on the river bank, said -they saw the _Albemarle_ as it passed down the river that night, and had -their guns trained on it, but did not fire, thinking it was one of their -boats which had passed up the river that afternoon, which I have already -mentioned, but had returned by another channel, unknown to the occupants -of Fort Warren. - -These Yankee gunboats were the _Southfield_, the _Miami_, and the -_Bombshell_. There were three other forts on the land side of the town: -Fort Williams, Fort Wessels, and Fort Comfort. Captain Cooke lay at -anchor until daylight. The Yankees during the night became aware of his -presence, and made preparations to give him a warm reception when day -dawned. They conceived the idea, so it was said, of fastening the ends -of a long chain to two of their gunboats, with which they proposed to -drag off the anchor of the _Albemarle_, by running a boat on either side -of it. Captain Cooke heard the hammering on these boats during the -night, and divining their scheme, when daylight dawned, turned the prow -of the _Albemarle_ towards the _Southfield_, one of the boats to which -the chain was attached, with full steam ahead, and struck the Yankee -boat with terrific force, sending it to the bottom at once. - -Captain Cooke then turned on the _Bombshell_, which surrendered. The -_Miami_ was next attacked, when it made its escape by flight down the -river. Her captain was killed, and some of her guns disabled before she -got out of range. - -By this bold and successful stroke of the _Albemarle_, the whole river -front of the town was exposed to the fire of the gunboat, and it may be -depended upon that Captain Cooke made good use of the advantage thus -gained. I heard General Wessels, the Yankee commander, after the -capitulation, berating the gunboats for their failure to protect his -water front, attributing his defeat and capture to this. This may have -been true, but I hardly think so. General Hoke was a fine soldier and -officer, had gone there to capture Plymouth, and would have been almost -sure to have succeeded without the aid of the _Albemarle_, but would -have no doubt lost many more men than he did. The Confederate loss was -small. - -It was said that there were some negro soldiers at Plymouth, who took to -the swamps, were pursued by Dearing's Cavalry and left in the swamp, -dead or alive; none of them were taken prisoners, or brought out of the -swamp. Some of the prisoners captured were identified as deserters from -the Confederate service; a court-martial was convened later, and several -of them were hung. These men were North Carolinians. - - - COL. JAMES DEARING WINS PROMOTION - -Col. Jim Dearing, of Campbell County, won his brigadier-generalship at -Plymouth. He was put in command of the artillery and cavalry by General -Hoke. Dearing was a dashing officer, and in this battle performed his -part with great skill and bravery, charging a fort with artillery, -running the guns by hand right up to the fort, pouring shot and shell -into it until the white flag was sent up. The first day he surprised, by -a quick dash with his troopers and artillery, another fort, running in -on the Yankees so suddenly that they had no water to cool their guns, -and could only fire a few rounds, when they sent up a white flag. -General Dearing was mortally wounded in a hand-to-hand fight with a -Yankee officer a few days before the surrender. This officer also -received his death wound in the encounter. It has been said that General -Dearing was shot by one of his own men, who was trying to shoot the -Yankee officer. Dearing was brought to Lynchburg where he died in a few -days. - - - MARCH ON WASHINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA - -After securing the trophies of the victory won at Plymouth, which -consisted of 1,600 prisoners, 2,000 muskets, and 25 cannon, and a large -quantity of ammunition and provisions, and sending them up the country, -General Hoke and his little army marched on Washington, situated about -30 miles south of Plymouth, on Tar River, near the head of Pamlico -Sound. The town was reached about the 25th of April. The troops formed -in line of battle, ready for the attack, when it was found that the -place had been evacuated by the Yankees, who doubtless had heard of the -fate of Plymouth and its garrison, and fearing lest they should share a -like fate, had decamped, bag and baggage. - - - NEWBERNE AGAIN INVESTED - -From Washington the command marched towards Newberne, situated, as -before said, on Neuse River, not far from where it also enters into -Pamlico Sound, some 35 miles still further south. - -On the 2d of May, the town was invested and preparation made for the -attack, when orders were unexpectedly received to withdraw and march up -the Neuse to Kinston with all possible speed. - - - - - CHAPTER XV - - BACK TO PETERSBURG, VA.—BEAST BUTLER—THE - BATTLE OF DRURY'S BLUFF—GENERAL GRACIE'S - COURAGE—INTO A HEAVY FIRE AT - CLOSE RANGE—COL. RICHARD F. - MAURY—YANKEE BRIGADE CAPTURED—GENERAL - WHITING'S - FAILURE—THE - YANKEE FLAGS - - - BACK TO PETERSBURG - -Leaving Newberne at night (a pitch-dark night it was), with the Eleventh -Regiment as the rearguard, we marched up to Kinston, where the brigade -boarded the cars for Goldsboro. As the rearguard moved off from -Newberne, after the other troops were well on the road, a body of -cavalry was heard approaching, when the regiment halted. A lone horseman -approached, who was stopped by a cry of "Halt! who comes there?" The -horseman replied, "It's some of _we all's_ men"—a non-committal reply, -to be sure. - -It was a squadron of North Carolina cavalry coming back to get in the -rear of the infantry. These Tar Heels were as badly scared as we were, -each side taking the other for the enemy. Every man had bundles of -fodder tied on behind his saddle, and presented a grotesque appearance -in the darkness, as they passed to the rear. - -It was soon rumored that we were needed in Virginia to protect Richmond -and Petersburg from Beast Butler and his army, who had sailed up James -River, and was threatening Petersburg. - -Arriving at Goldsboro, the train was sent on to Weldon as fast as steam -could carry it, and from Weldon on towards Petersburg. On reaching -Jarratt's Station, it was found that a body of Yankee cavalry had come -up from Suffolk and destroyed the railroad, tearing up the track and -burning the bridge over Stony Creek, several miles further on. Leaving -the train at Jarratt's, the troops marched along the torn-up railroad -track to Stony Creek, when another train was taken for Petersburg, where -we arrived on the —— of May, 1864, none too soon for the safety of the -city. - - - BEAST BUTLER - -Beast Butler had come up James River on transports, with an army of -about 40,000 men, landing some at City Point, and marched on Petersburg, -while the main body landed at Bermuda Hundred, higher up the river. This -move was no doubt intended as a diversion to draw troops from General -Lee, who was confronting Grant in the Wilderness, but was checkmated by -drawing troops from other points, threshing old Butler, and sending some -of these men on to join General Lee, as we shall presently see. - -On the day before we arrived, or that day, I am not sure which, Butler -had advanced a strong column as far as the Richmond & Petersburg -Railroad, between Richmond and Petersburg, and destroyed a portion of -the same; the column had been driven back, however. - -The people of Petersburg gave a joyous welcome to the Confederates, the -ladies greeting and feeding the soldiers as they marched through the -streets. - -Until the arrival of these troops there was only a thin line, -principally old men and boys, with some regular troops, holding back the -Yankees from Petersburg. General Beauregard also had, with other troops, -hurried on from the south about the same time. - -Butler, with the bulk of his army, now being between Petersburg and -Richmond, threatening both cities, it was necessary to have troops to -defend each. Dispositions were accordingly made to that end: General -Whiting was left at Petersburg with about 3,000 troops; Beauregard, who -was now chief commander, with the others, passed on towards Richmond, -and took position opposite Drury's Bluff, the line extending southwest -to the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad. - -As Terry's Brigade marched along the country road towards Richmond, we -knew the Yankees were only a short distance to the right of the road, -though not in sight. Along the road at Swift Creek the trees were -scarred with bullets fired in the fight a day or two before. - -Company C marched on the right flank of the regiment in single file, and -about fifty yards from the road, as skirmishers, moving silently along -through the pines and bushes, the men five paces apart, looking out for -the Yankees to the right, and expecting every moment to be fired upon by -the enemy; a right ticklish position. - -We got through, however, without being attacked. Hardly had the column -passed before the Yankees came into the road we had marched over, firing -upon the rearguard. The brigade was then halted and formed in line of -battle, expecting an attack, but none came. The command in the afternoon -moved on a little farther towards Richmond, occupying the lines between -Drury's Bluff and the railroad, abandoning a line of breastworks, which -the Yankees afterwards occupied. - -During the next few days there was considerable fighting along the front -lines, principally with artillery, but our regiment was not engaged. - - - THE BATTLE OF DRURY'S BLUFF - -The army lay here on this line until the night of the 15th of May. Late -that afternoon, General Beauregard had orders given to all the officers, -from the major-generals down to the company commanders, for an attack on -the enemy's lines at daybreak the next morning. - -I remember well, Col. Kirk Otey calling up all the company commanders of -the Eleventh Regiment, and telling them that General Beauregard had -determined to attack the enemy the next morning, and had ordered that -the troops at dark march to positions to be assigned them in front of -the enemy's lines, sleep on their arms, and at daybreak the next morning -charge the breastworks in their front. This was an unusual order; the -Commanding General did not often disclose his plans in this way. - -And so it was done. Terry's Brigade was moved to the extreme left of the -Confederate lines near Drury's Bluff. There the brigade lay in the thick -pines with their guns by their sides until morning. - -I have spent many more pleasant and less anxious nights than that one. -Knowing that when the morning dawned we would have to face death in -front of the enemy's breastworks was not very pleasant to contemplate, -to say the least. Before daybreak on the morning of the 16th of May, -1864, the army was aroused and the men on their feet, ready to do or -die. Many did die that morning, and something was done, too. - -The brigade took position in an open field not far from where the night -had been spent, first marching along the river road, crossing a branch -or small creek near an old mill site, then filing to the right off the -road, and forming line of battle close to the bushes growing along the -branch, with the open field in front. The morning was dark, a heavy fog -arising from the river enveloping the country around. - -About fifty yards in front of the brigade, an Alabama brigade, commanded -by General Gracie, was forming in line of battle also. This brigade was -the front line. Terry's Brigade was the supporting line, with orders to -keep 200 yards in the rear of Gracie while advancing, until called on to -go forward. Maj.-Gen. Bushrod Johnson was in command of this part of the -line; General Pickett, I believe, was at Petersburg; Major-General -Ransom, I think, commanded the front lines. - -On the right flank of Gracie's Brigade, Hankin's Battery, of Surry -County, was taking position also. No unnecessary noise was made, no one -spoke unless giving orders, and then in a low tone. The artillery moved -into position slowly, and with as little noise as possible. I remember -well the cluck of the iron axles as the guns moved slowly into position -as quietly as a funeral procession. - -When all was ready, and while it was yet dark, the Alabamians moved -forward up the hill, the artillery keeping pace with them, firing by -sections, each section moving forward after firing. - -Pretty soon the Yankee pickets opened fire on the advancing column, -which it returned, the column moving on the while, driving the pickets -from their rifle pits near the top of the hill. On down the hill General -Gracie took his men right into a very heavy fire, the artillery halting -at the top of the hill, still firing away into the darkness beyond, -throwing shot and shell into the woods in front, where the enemy is -supposed to be. - -It was a grand spectacle that dark morning—the firing of the battery by -sections as it advanced; the roar of the guns; the flames of fire -bursting forth in the darkness. Though rather awe-inspiring at the time, -it was grand, nevertheless. I shall never forget the scene. - -Terry's Brigade followed on and halted at the top of the hill, some 150 -yards in rear of Gracie's, which was now hotly engaged at the foot of -the hill, many of the Yankee bullets flying over the hill, killing and -wounding several, as the men knelt or sat on the ground. - -I remember while here, one of Company H, the next company to Company C, -was shot through the body, and how tenderly an Irish comrade, who was -sitting by his side, took him in his arms and said, "Poor —— (I forget -the name) is killed; poor fellow," and, "his poor wife and children." It -was truly a pathetic scene in the midst of a battle. I shall never -forget the tender, sympathetic tone of that Irishman's voice. - -Until reaching this position we were not exposed to the fire of the -enemy, but now the bullets were whizzing by pretty thick. The enemy -seemed to have no artillery on this part of the line. By this time day -was breaking, but it was still very foggy and dark. - - - GENERAL GRACIE'S COURAGE - -Through the mist could be seen stragglers and wounded men from Gracie's -Brigade coming back from the front, some of them loading and firing as -they fell back; soon larger squads of them came breaking to the rear, -and up the hill came General Gracie on his horse, cursing and swearing -like a sailor, apparently oblivious of the danger from the balls that -were flying through the air, calling his men "d——d cowards," and using -much strong language. General Gracie was a stout man with iron-gray hair -and mustache, and was blowing like a porpoise while riding among his men -trying to rally them. One of his men, a tall, light-haired, good-looking -young man, seemed to resent his harsh words, saying, "General Gracie, we -stayed there as long as we could." "Yes," replied the General, "you ran -away, too, like d——d cowards"; or, to be a little more accurate, though -not quite exact in quoting the General's words, "Like d——ned cowardly -sons of —" (female canines). - -General Gracie rode up to General Terry and said, "General Terry, send -me a regiment down there to take the place of one of mine that has run -away." Just then one of Company C came up to me and said, "It is no use -for us to go there; don't you see they have driven back them men?" I -replied, "Then this is the very time we are needed." - -General Terry called on the Eleventh and Twenty-fourth regiments to go -forward, and down the hill the two regiments went at double-quick, with -a wild yell that sounded above the roar of battle. - -The Twenty-fourth was just on the right of the Eleventh, with Col. R. F. -Maury, sword in hand, in front, walking backwards, calling on and -beckoning to his men to come on. I noticed Ned Gillam, a sergeant in -Company C, dash to the front as the line started, look back, open wide -his mouth, raise the "Rebel yell" and press forward, as if breasting -against a heavy storm of wind and rain. (Men in battle did do this; why, -I do not know. The body would be leaning forward, the face averted as if -the going forward required great physical exertion.) - -Addison says, "Courage that grows from constitution often forsakes a man -when he has occasion for it; courage which arises from a sense of duty -acts in a uniform manner." I opine the courage displayed by General -Gracie that morning was of both kinds. It did not fail him then or -thereafter; while Ned Gillam's was more from a sense of duty. But I must -stop philosophizing in the midst of a battle, and go on with the fight. - - - INTO A HOT FIRE AT CLOSE RANGE - -On reaching the foot of the hill, the Eleventh and Twenty-fourth halted -in the edge of the woods, where the enemy's fire was very heavy and -destructive at very close range. The minie balls were flying thick, the -"sip, sip, sip" sound they made indicating unmistakably that the Yankees -were close by, though hidden by the fog, smoke and bushes, and our men, -standing or kneeling, returning the fire with a will. Here these -regiments suffered a heavy loss in a very short space of time. - - - COL. RICHARD F. MAURY - -I remember passing Colonel Maury just at the edge of the woods, lying on -his back looking ghastly pale. I said to him, "Colonel, are you badly -wounded?" He replied calmly, "Yes, very badly." He recovered from the -wound, however, and still lives in Richmond. Colonel Maury is a son of -the late Commodore Matthew F. Maury, "the pathfinder of the seas." -(Since this was first written the gallant Colonel Maury has answered the -last roll call; peace to his ashes.) Colonel Maury was a strict -disciplinarian and not very popular in camp, but in a fight his men -stood by him, and died by him. - -I also remember while kneeling here in the woods, in this terrific fire, -when the twigs around me on every side were being cut by bullets, and -men shot down on every hand, I felt a sense of safety and security; it -seemed there was a small space or zone just around my person into which -no balls came. I have often thought and spoken of this, but never could -account for the impression clearly and distinctly made upon my mind in -the midst of imminent danger. It may be, at that early hour of morning, -a loved one at home—wife or mother—at her morning devotions, was at that -very moment sending up an earnest petition to the God of Heaven and -earth, the Maker and Ruler of all things, for my protection, and that -though the petitioner was far away, the prayer reached the throne of -grace and mercy, and the answer came down there to me in the midst of -that scene of carnage, "Safe"! Who knows? Maybe in the sweet bye-and-bye -I may know more of this. So mote it be. - -While here G. A. Creasy, a young soldier of Company C, who was at my -side, spoke out, saying, "Captain, I am wounded, what must I do?" -Looking at him, I saw the blood running from a wound in the face. I -replied, "Go to the rear," and he went. Gus still lives in Pittsylvania -County. - - - YANKEE BRIGADE CAPTURED - -It was not long before the word came along the lines from the left, -"Cease firing." The other regiments of the brigade, and part of -Gracie's, on the left, had advanced, overlapping the enemy's lines on -his right flank, and swinging around, came in on the enemy's flank and -rear. - -They had surrendered; a whole brigade—General Heckman, their commander, -and all. - -The Eleventh and Twenty-fourth at once went forward and came upon the -Yankee breastworks, not over twenty steps in front. There the Yankees -stood with their guns in their hands, very much frightened and -bewildered, apparently, and looking greatly astonished as if something -had happened, but not knowing exactly what; they found out very soon, -though, when, after surrendering their guns, they were marched to the -boat-landing at Drury's Bluff (escorted by the Seventh Virginia -Regiment) and sent up the river by the boat to Richmond, and into Libby -Prison. My brother Bob said that as he approached the Yankee -breastworks, an officer fired his pistol into his face, but his aim was -bad. Color-Bearer Hickok also went forward among the foremost, and was -told by the Yankees not to come into the works, presenting their guns. -Hickcock brought down his flag-staff at a rest, and went ahead, heedless -of their protestations. I saw Major Hambrick, of the Twenty-fourth -Regiment, after the battle was over, who was also wounded, shot through -the thigh, who said, when asked about his wound, "D——n 'em, I will live -to fight them again." Poor fellow, he died in Richmond soon afterwards -from his wound. - -By this time the battle was raging along the lines for a mile or more. -The plan of battle was to first strike the Yankees on their right flank -and follow it by successive attacks on their line from right to left, -all of which was successfully and handsomely done before the sun was -well up. - - - GENERAL WHITING'S FAILURE - -A further plan of the battle was, that General Whiting, who, as before -said, had been left in command of the troops at Petersburg, was to -attack the Yankees in the rear at the same time they were assailed in -front. This, however, was a miserable failure. It was said at the time -that Whiting was drunk; how true this was I never knew, he only marched -out of Petersburg and then marched back again. If the attack in the rear -had been made simultaneously with the one in front, there is no doubt -but that Butler's army would have been completely crushed, as if caught -between the upper and nether millstones, and captured almost to the last -man, when there would have probably been a first-class hanging. Butler -had been outlawed; that is, proclamation had been issued by the -Confederate authorities to hang Butler on the spot, if captured, for his -beastly conduct towards the people, especially the women, of New -Orleans, while in command of that city. Butler had threatened to turn -his soldiers loose upon the women. - -Col. Geo. C. Cabell used to tell, that when in Congress he had a talk -with Butler about this battle, and upon Butler's asking him what would -have been his fate if he, Butler, had been captured, Colonel Cabell said -he replied, "I do not know as to the others, but if my regiment had made -the capture, you would have been strung up at once." A Richmond paper -described this battle as a contest between a great eagle and a buzzard. -Of course, the Beast was the buzzard, and Beauregard the eagle. - -By the time the sun was an hour high the Yankee army was in full retreat -for its base, Bermuda Hundred, the Confederates following on, though the -pursuit was not a very vigorous one. All who knew of the plan of battle -were anxiously awaiting the sound of Whiting's guns in the rear of the -Yankee army, but alas! those guns were silent, and Beast Butler and his -badly beaten army made good their escape. - -Some of the prisoners captured that morning said they were taken -completely by surprise; that orders had been issued to attack the -Confederates at sunrise. So Beauregard stole a march on them by -attacking at daybreak. The early bird caught some of the worms that -morning, if not all, as was planned. - -Beauregard followed on to the top of the river hills overlooking Bermuda -Hundred, where the Yankees were well fortified, with gunboats in the -river to assist in the defense of the strong position. Here there was -some artillery firing, but no attempt to assault the position was made. -Butler was "bottled up." In this fight, Company C lost seven men killed -and mortally wounded, as follows: Chas. Allen, John DePriest, Allen -Bailey, John Monroe, Bruce Woody, Alfred Rosser, and Geo. W. Walker, and -many wounded. - -In a few days the bulk of the Confederate army went to join General Lee -in his death struggle with Grant and Meade, which had been going on -since the early days of May in the Wilderness and around Spottsylvania -Court House. - - - YANKEE FLAGS - -On the 20th of May, Terry's Brigade marched through Richmond, each -regiment proudly carrying a Yankee flag, captured on the 16th of May. -The brigade marched into the Capitol Square, where there was assembled a -great crowd of Congressmen, high Confederate dignitaries, and others. -The troops were massed in columns of regiments, and there, beneath the -grand equestrian statue of Washington, these flags were delivered to the -War Department officials. I have no doubt that if Washington was there -in spirit, he looked on approvingly. - -That afternoon part of the brigade went by train to Hanover Junction, -where troops were assembling from different quarters to reënforce -General Lee, who had been fighting and holding his own for nearly three -weeks against tremendous odds. But his ranks had been greatly depleted, -while Grant's army was being reënforced almost daily. Gen. John C. -Breckenridge was here with his troops also. It was said Breckenridge was -the handsomest man in the army; some of Company C saw him here and -declared he was the finest-looking man they ever saw. I could have seen -him by walking a hundred or two yards, but did not do so, being very -tired and worn out generally, and sad on account of the loss of seven -good men a few days before. - - - - - CHAPTER XVI - - TO MILFORD AND TO CAPTURE—A PRISONER OF - WAR—ON TO WASHINGTON - - -The same afternoon we arrived at Hanover Junction, the First Virginia -Regiment and five companies of the Eleventh, A, B, C, E and K, under the -command of Major Norten, of the First Regiment, boarded the cars and -went to Milford Station in Caroline County, on the Richmond, -Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad, arriving there about night, and going -into camp across the Mattapony River, just west of the station. The -Mattapony here is quite a small stream, spanned by a wooden bridge. The -First Regiment at that time was very small, numbering perhaps not over -100 to 150 men. The five companies of the Eleventh Regiment numbered -about eighty-five or ninety men—Plymouth and Drury's Bluff had depleted -their ranks. Pickets were posted on the roads, and there were some -cavalry videts still farther out. The rest of the command bivouacked in -the woods a short distance from the bridge. - -Early the next morning, the 21st of May, 1864, the cavalry videts came -in and reported the Yankees were making a raid on the station with the -intention of burning it. Major Norten declared they should not do this, -and made his dispositions to prevent it, posting the men of the First -Regiment to repel the attack on the station, while the companies of the -Eleventh were held in reserve. - -It was not long before the supposed raiders made their appearance. At -first they were few in number and shot at long range, firing on the -First Regiment at the bridge from a grove on a hill some 600 yards away, -with long-range guns, dropping a few balls about them, while too far -away for them to return the fire with their muskets. Major Norten -ordered up the reserves, directing them to "Take that hill and hold it -at all hazards"—a very positive and unwise order, I thought. - -The five companies of the Eleventh Regiment crossed over the bridge, -formed in line of battle, and moved forward at double-quick across the -broad river bottom, crossing over the railroad track right up to this -hill, taking possession of it without firing a single gun, the few -Yankees who occupied it retreating before the line was in shooting -distance. - -As soon as the hill was occupied, no Yankees being in sight, I walked up -on the northeast side of the grove of trees and saw half a mile away, -thousands of Yankee cavalry; the hills were blue with them. It turned -out to be General Torbet's Division, the advance division of Grant's -army, instead of a raid to burn Milford Station. I went back and told -Capt. Bob Mitchell, of Company A, who was the ranking officer, that we -could not hold that hill—that there were ten thousand Yankees over on -the next hill. Mitchell replied, "We have orders to hold the hill at all -hazards." I said, "All right, we will all be captured." I have often -thought Captain Mitchell should have sent a messenger to inform Major -Norten of the situation, but he did not. The Yankee skirmishers, -dismounted cavalry, soon began to advance on two sides of the hill, when -a long-range skirmish began, which continued for some time, growing -hotter as the Yankees approached nearer and nearer, protecting -themselves behind trees and whatever they could. They were held at bay -for an hour or more. During this time the Confederates had several men -wounded. The Yankees were being hit also. Captain Mitchell was shot in -the chin and left the hill. Lieutenant Atkins, of Company K, was also -wounded. I saw him clap his hand on his side as the ball struck him. I -never learned his fate, and I am not certain that I have his name -correct, but know he was a lieutenant of Company K. Capt. Thomas B. -Horton, of Company B, was next in command. Going again to the crest of -the hill, on the northeast side, I saw a regiment of dismounted Yankee -cavalry forming in line of battle a few hundred yards away; a colonel or -general with gray hair and mustache was riding along the rear of the men -getting them into position, the men seeming very awkward and hard to get -straightened out. I called up one of Company C, either Tom Rosser or Sam -Franklin, both good fighters, and told him to raise the sight of his -Enfield rifle to 400 yards and shoot that officer. The order was obeyed -promptly; I did not see the result of the shot however. Just as he -fired, one of Company B, who was lying on the ground on the crest of the -hill firing at the enemy, in a few feet of where I was standing, -attracted my attention by calling out at the top of his voice, "Run -here, ambulance corps; run here, ambulance corps." Seeing he had only a -scalp wound on the side of the head, and thinking a man who could call -out so lustily for the ambulance corps to come to his aid, although his -head was bleeding profusely, could aid himself by getting up and -running, I told him so, whereupon he jumped up and ran like a deer off -the hill. I suppose he got away safely. - -The men of the companies were scattered around on the hill, among the -trees, embracing about an acre in area, without any regard to lines, -fighting on the Indian style, some protecting themselves behind trees, -some lying down, while most of them stood out in the open, watching for -and shooting at every Yankee who showed himself within range. The -Yankees, too, were under cover as much as possible with longer range -guns than ours, slipping around behind trees, bushes and fences, and at -every opportunity popping away at the Confederates, all the while -getting a little closer and extending their lines around the hill. They -were not very good shots, however. - -Captain Horton and myself consulted, or held a small council of war, -upon the situation. It was beyond question that if we remained on the -hill, all would be killed or made prisoners in a short time. Some, or -all of us, might escape by beating a hasty retreat. We agreed to try the -latter, orders or no orders. Turning to the men who were by this time -pretty close together about the center of the hill, with the Yankees -still closing in, we told them we would all make a break and attempt to -escape. Many of the men so earnestly demurred to this, saying, "We will -all be killed as we run across the bottom," that Captain Horton and -myself concluded not to make the attempt. I said to the men, "We will -stay with you then." Near the top of the hill there was a ditch leading -from what appeared to be an old icehouse, and in this ditch we made the -last stand and fought the Yankees until they were close up. I remember -Marion Seay, of Company E, who still lives in Lynchburg, was at the -upper end of the ditch, shooting at a Yankee not thirty steps away, and -then calling out and pointing his finger, saying, "D——n you, I fixed -you," repeating it several times. Seay was then a little tow-headed boy, -but he was game to the backbone. - -Pretty soon our men ceased firing, as all knew that the inevitable had -come. The Yankees then rushed up to the ditch, and all the Confederates -dropped their guns—the seventy-five men left were prisoners of war. - -I think we were justifiable in surrendering. If we had fought until the -last man fell, nothing would have been accomplished for the good of the -cause. There was no possibility of rescue, so it was die in that ditch -in a few minutes or surrender; we chose not to die then and there. It -was not a forlorn hope we were leading or defending, which demanded such -a sacrifice of life. - -As the Yankees came up, one of their men was shot through the head, and -fell dead into the ditch; killed, I think, by one of his own men who was -some distance off, firing, as he thought, at the Rebels. Some of the -Confederates were bespattered with the brains of the dead Yankee. - -At Plymouth, N. C., thirty-one days before, and again just five days -before, at Drury's Bluff, we had been at the capture of brigades of -Yankees, and exulted in the captures—now the tables are turned and we -are prisoners, and the Yankees are exulting at our capture. Such are the -fortunes of war. - -I can testify that the sensations of the captors are very different from -those of the captives, but shall not attempt to set forth the contrast; -words are inadequate. - -The Yankees said they had thirty-five or forty men killed and wounded in -the fight; so that for every "Rebel" captured that day, they had half a -man killed or crippled—not a bad showing for the "Rebs," if they did -surrender, when outnumbered by more than one hundred to one. I don't -remember that we had any killed on the field; nearly all the wounded got -away. - -Capt. Thos. B. Horton, Company B; Lieut. Peter Akers, Company A, and -Lieuts. J. W. Wray and Geo. P. Norvell, of Company E., were captured. I -have no means of getting the names of the men of the other companies -captured. - -Beside myself, the following men of Company C were captured: W. L. -Brown, G. T. Brown, J. A. Brown, H. M. Callaham, H. Eads, J. T. Jones, -J. W. Jones, W. S. Kabler, Fred Kabler, W. T. Monroe, R. W. Morgan, S. -P. Tweedy, E. A Tweedy, W. A. Rice, W. C. J. Wilkerson—seventeen in all. -W. L. Brown and S. P. Tweedy were wounded; the former slightly, the -latter a bad flesh wound in the thigh. Some of the company were on -picket duty and escaped capture, and some who were wounded got away, -others were at home, or in hospitals, sick or wounded. - -Not long ago, in looking over some old papers and letters, I found a -letter written by Lieut. Robert Cocke to my wife, telling her about the -fight and capture; it is dated the 22d of May. Among other things he -says: "I was sent out the night before to guard a road that the Yankees -were expected to come, but _fortunately for the Yankees_, they did not -come that way; if it had not been for that, I would have been taken or -killed myself, I expect." - -Our negro boy, Horace, just as we were ordered forward to charge the -hill, came up to me and said, "Where must I go?" I replied, "Stay with -the surgeon." There were no wagons with us, with which he usually -stayed. Horace, after we were captured, made his way home, taking with -him what little baggage I had left in his care. - -Thus ended my experience as a Confederate soldier in the field. I had -been in active service for three years and more. - - - A PRISONER OF WAR - -Now another experience was to be tried, of which I will tell in the -closing pages of these reminiscences; long, bitter, and trying, too, -that experience was. - -The truth shall be told, setting down nothing in malice, giving credit -where credit is due, with condemnation and reproach when deserved. - -While these seventy-five men were sacrificed by what was another "fool -order," in the light of subsequent events an advantage was gained. - -These companies were sent out to that hill simply to protect the dépôt -at Milford from the torch of supposed Yankee raiders, when in truth and -in fact, Grant's whole army was approaching, and in a few hours were -upon the scene, marching by the dépôt in which the prisoners were -confined. - -General Grant was then on his famous flank movement from Spottsylvania -Court House, while General Lee was moving on parallel lines in the -direction of Hanover Junction, all the while keeping his army between -the enemy and Richmond, the goal that the enemy had been endeavoring to -reach ever since the beginning of the war, in the spring of 1861; yet in -May, 1864, the goal was far from being attained, although hundreds of -thousands of lives had been sacrificed, and billions of dollars expended -in the effort. - -When it was known that the men captured at Milford on the 21st of May -were from the army which, on the 16th of May, under Beauregard, had -soundly thrashed Beast Butler at Drury's Bluff, and then "bottled him up -at Bermuda Hundred on James River," as General Grant expressed it, and -had come on to join forces with General Lee, General Grant halted his -army that morning, and made dispositions to repel an attack, threw up -breastworks, and remained near Milford for two days, giving General Lee -ample time to concentrate his forces near Hanover Junction and select a -strong position on the south bank of North Anna River. Grant, I have -since learned, mentioned these men captured at Milford from Beauregard's -army in a dispatch to Washington, and called for more troops. So that -when General Grant finally moved forward he was confronted by Lee with -his whole army, in a strong and commanding position, that Grant dared -not assail; instead, he again side-stepped, flanking off towards Cold -Harbor, where Lee's army was again in his front, and where the -Confederates inflicted a loss of 12,000 men in a few hours, in repelling -assaults on their hastily formed breastworks. This battle was fought on -the ground on which the battle of Gaines' Mill occurred on the 27th of -June, 1862, only the position of the two armies being reversed. - -From Cold Harbor Grant made a long side-step, not halting until he had -crossed to the south side of James River at City Point, where he could -have gone by water months before without the loss of a single man. In -the campaign from the Rappahannock to the James, Grant had lost more men -than Lee had in his whole army. - -Grant had boasted in the early days of the campaign in the Wilderness -that he would, "fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." But -he changed his mind as well as his line. From Cold Harbor, it was said, -Grant sent this dispatch to Washington: "All the fight is knocked out of -this army." This was after his order to renew the assaults on the -Confederate lines had been disobeyed; the men standing still and mute -when ordered to renew the charge. Then it was that Grant struck out -across the Peninsula to the James. - -The Confederate prisoners were first marched over on the hill where the -main body of Torbet's Cavalry was posted, surrounded by a strong guard, -the Yankee officers celebrating their victory, 10,000 against 85, by -feasting on wine and cake. Lieut. Peter Akers, of Company A, marched up -to a group of these officers, sitting on their horses, saying: "Hello, -fellows, ain't you going to treat?" The Yanks laughed, handed around the -wine and cake to the "Rebel" officers, with whom they chatted in a very -friendly way. Like Bob Jones was with the stolen hog, I took some of the -cake, but none of the wine. - -Pretty soon we were marched down to the dépôt and confined there. It was -not long until Grant's Infantry began to march by, Hancock's corps -leading, in serried ranks of brigades, divisions, and corps, marching on -across the little Mattapony out on the hills beyond, where lines of -battle were formed, and the digging of entrenchments begun, and redoubts -for cannon were thrown up. - -The prisoners were marched out later, sleeping that night in an old -barn, where they were guarded until the army moved forward, the -prisoners being taken along. That night one of the guards said to me, -"Old man, were you drafted?" I replied, "No, I volunteered." The reason -he called me "old man" was, my hair was gray, though I was not then -twenty-seven years old. While in prison many thought I was a political -prisoner and not a soldier, for the same reason. - -I was forcibly struck with the difference in the discipline in the two -armies. In the Confederate army the officers and privates often messed -and slept together, and were on equal terms, socially. In the Yankee -army there was a great gulf between the officers and enlisted men, the -officers rarely ever speaking to the men except when giving orders. - -Rations were short with the Yankees at this time; the "Rebs" were, of -course, very hungry, having none at all; there were no rations at hand -to issue. Some of the Yanks, however, divided hard-tack from their -haversacks, and some fresh beef was issued that night, which we _briled_ -on the coals and ate without salt or bread. The next day the commissary -trains came up, when hard-tack was issued; not very plentiful, however— -five crackers to the man. - -On the morning of the 23d the Yankee army moved on, and that night -camped on the high hills on the north side of the North Anna River, -opposite General Lee's position. - -The prisoners slept in a clump of bushes not far from General Grant's -headquarters. The next morning, as the army moved out, the prisoners -still going along, Grant and his staff rode along the lines, when we got -a good look at him. - -I never see a picture of Grant but that morning is called to mind, when -I recall and distinctly remember Grant's face and figure. - -His appearance was not striking or prepossessing; he reminded me of my -uncle, Mack Morgan. - -Grant had nothing about his form, features or bearing that compared with -the handsome, noble, and majestic appearance of Robert E. Lee. - -General Lee far excelled Grant in personal appearance, as he did in -generalship. - -Grant's final success over Lee was not accomplished by his genius as a -general, but by the recognition and application of the well-known laws -of physics—that a larger body put in motion will overcome the force of a -smaller one; that a greater mass of material thrown upon a smaller mass -of the same material will crush it. To use a homely expression, Grant -overcame Lee by "main strength and awkwardness." - -It was not the flashing blade of a strategist and tactician that cut its -way to victory, but the heavy hammer of a Thor that crushed Lee and his -valiant band. - -Suppose Lee had had an army of anything like equal strength in numbers, -equipments and supplies, to Grant's, is there any one who would contend -that Lee would not have prevailed over Grant? Why, Lee would not have -left a "grease spot" of Grant and his "grand army" in the Wilderness, -and there would have been no Appomattox. - -On the afternoon of the 23d, there was some fighting at the front on the -North Anna River. - -Some of the Yankees crossed over above where Lee had taken his position. -Here other Confederate prisoners were captured and added to our squad; -among them, I remember Colonel Brown, of South Carolina, who was in the -command of a brigade of A. P. Hill's Corps. Colonel Brown said, in -advancing in line of battle, two of his regiments got separated in the -thick woods, and he walked through the gap in the line, right into the -Yankees. On the afternoon of the 24th of May, or the next morning, I am -not certain which, the prisoners were turned back and headed for Port -Royal, on the Rappahannock River, under a strong cavalry guard, a part -of the way riding in wagons going back for supplies, but marched a -greater part of the distance. As we marched, to the rear could be heard -the thunder of Lee's guns on the North Anna, bidding defiance to Grant, -saying, if not in words, in effect, "Thus far shall thou come and no -farther." On the march to the rear, we passed large numbers of fresh -troops going to reënforce Grant, many of them negroes. These were the -first negro troops we had ever seen. One of them remarked as we passed -by, "They ought to have gin 'em (us) Fort Pillow. If we had cotch 'em we -would have gin 'em Fort Pillow." - -On the last day's march I was taken very sick, getting dizzy, and came -near fainting, and dropped down by the roadside. My brother Bob, was -also taken sick about the same time and stopped with me. When the -rearguard came up to where we were, they commenced to shout at us, "Get -up, go on, go on." I told them we were sick and unable to go. We did not -know what would be done, but we received humane treatment. The officer -commanding the rearguard put us in charge of a big Dutch corporal and -another man, with instructions to bring us on when able to march. - -After a short time we were able to go on to a house close by, on the -roadside, where we rested in the yard under the shade of the locust -trees, when the good woman of the house gave us ice-water and something -to eat, peach preserves and cold biscuits, as I remember, which greatly -refreshed and strengthened us. God bless the Confederate women, who were -always kind to the soldiers, who suffered so much anxiety, and endured -so many privations during the war, who, with their daughters of to-day, -are still true to the memory of the dead and the honor and welfare of -the living. - - _A Tribute to Confederate Womanhood_ - - Ye survivors of that gallant band, - A scanty remnant thinned by time; - Crown her, love, honor, cherish her, - And hail her queen of womankind. - - Ye present generation, those unborn, - Both now and hereafter, through all time, - Crown her, love, honor, cherish her, - And hail her queen of womankind. - - Ye of all nations, every tribe, - Of every age and every time, - Crown her, love, honor, cherish her, - And hail her queen of womankind. - -We remained here perhaps half an hour, when the guards let us ride their -horses, walking at the horses' heads, holding the bridles by the bits. -This was very kind and duly appreciated. After going a mile or so, the -Dutch corporal, with the perspiration streaming from his face (it was a -very hot, sultry morning), stopped and said, "I ish proke down and can't -valk no farder." I told him all right, we could make it then, and -thanking him for his kindness, we marched on, the guard telling us to -take our time. - -By this time we were feeling much better and stronger, and that night, -May 26th, after dark, came up with the other prisoners at Port Royal. I -am able to fix this date from an old letter I found some time ago, -written to my wife from that place, in which I gave the names of all the -men of Company C who were captured with me, and requested her to have -the names published in the Lynchburg papers, that their friends might -know their fate. - - - ON TO WASHINGTON - -The next day the prisoners were put aboard an old freight ship, which -steamed down the Rappahannock River, out into the bay, and up the -Potomac River to Washington City. Here the officers and men were -separated. My brother Bob was very anxious to go with me, but, of -course, this was not permissible; and there on the wharf, on the 28th of -May, 1864, I parted with him and the other members of Company C, not to -meet any of them again until that "cruel war was over," and many of them -never again. Some of the company not captured were killed during the -last year of the war, and many have died since the war. Some still live. -Every now and then I read in the papers of the death of some of them, -which always recalls memories of long ago. It will not be many years -before the last one of us shall have answered the final roll call. May -we all meet again in a better world, where there is no war, is my -fervent prayer. War is horrible. General Sherman said, "War is hell." -Few, if any, did more than William Tecumseh Sherman to make war hell, -and if I had to guess, I should say that ere now Sherman knows all about -the horrors of both—war and hell. There may be something in a name after -all. "Tecumseh!" The savage. - -The enlisted men were sent to Point Lookout, and the officers -incarcerated in the old Capitol Prison. - -I remember as we entered from the street, when the door closed, the key -turned and the bolt went into its place with a grating sound, Captain -Horton turned to me and said, "This is the first time the bolts were -ever turned on me." So we all could say. There were other prisoners -confined here. - -While here, we could often see from the windows ambulances moving along -the streets filled with wounded Yankee soldiers. When Peter Akers would -see these loads of wounded Yanks, he would remark, "There goes more -dispatches from General Lee to old Abe." - - - - - CHAPTER XVII - - TO FORT DELAWARE—SHORT RATIONS—SONG—PRISON - RULES - - -These officers remained here for about two weeks, when we were taken by -boat down the Potomac and Chesapeake Bay, passing out into the ocean -between Cape Charles and Cape Henry; thence up the coast into Delaware -Bay to Fort Delaware, where we were placed in prison barracks with -several thousand other Confederate officers. While at the Old Capitol -Prison we were well treated, and the rations were all we could wish. At -Fort Delaware it was very different. The rations were badly cooked and -scarcely sufficient in quantity to sustain life, besides being very -inferior in quality. There were only two meals a day; breakfast at eight -A. M., and dinner at four P. M. - -We got to Fort Delaware in the afternoon. I was not feeling very well -and did not go to dinner. We had some rations brought from Washington. -Captain Horton went, and the first thing he said when he came back was, -"Take care of that meat, it is as scarce as hen's teeth here." In truth -it was very, very scarce. - -My brother, J. L. Morgan, who was living in Brooklyn, N. Y., very kindly -furnished me with clothes, and supplied me with money with which to -supplement the poor and scanty prison fare, saving me from much -suffering, and I have but little doubt, saved my life; for many who had -to depend alone on what they got in prison died from lack of sufficient -and proper food and clothing. My brother also furnished money to Robt. -Morgan and W. L. Brown, who was his brother-in-law, and to other -Confederate prisoners. - -For breakfast, we had a slice of light-bread, about four ounces, and -about one and one-half or two ounces of bacon; for dinner the same bread -and about two or three ounces of loud-smelling pickled beef—"red horse," -as it was called—and a tin cup of miserable stuff, called soup, so mean -that I could not swallow it. This was all, day in and day out, week -after week, and month after month. Men who lived on these rations were -always hungry. Even those who had money did not fare much better, as the -prices at the sutlers' were so exorbitant that a dollar did not go far. -I shared the money sent me with my bunk-mate, Capt. Thos. B. Horton. - -Prison life was hard and very monotonous, though many things were -resorted to to while away the tedious hours. - -All kinds of games were played, "keno" being the most popular, and much -gambling went on. Concerts were given, debating societies formed, and -many other things resorted to to kill time. My brother sent me a set of -chess-men. There were other sets in the prison, and this game was played -a good deal. There were some fine players among the officers; Capt. J. -W. Fanning, of Alabama, and Capt. H. C. Hoover, of Staunton, Va., being -the champion players. - -I here give a song composed and sung by Confederate prisoners at Fort -Delaware, at a concert given by the prisoners, for the benefit of the -destitute among the 600 Confederate officers, who were put under fire on -Morris Island, and afterwards sent to Fort Pulaski and Hilton Head, and -confined there during the winter of 1864-65, and who were sent back to -Fort Delaware in March, 1865, in a pitiable plight: - - "IN THE PRISON OF FORT DELAWARE - - (TO THE TUNE OF "LOUISIANA LOWLANDS") - - "Come listen to my ditty, it will while away a minute, - And if I didn't think so, I never would begin it; - 'Tis 'bout a life in prison, so forward bend your head, - And I'll tell you in a moment how dey treat the poor Confed. - - CHORUS: - - "In the prison of Fort Delaware, Delaware, Delaware, - In the prison of Fort Delaware, Del. - - "Dey put you in de barrack, de barrack in divisions, - Den dey 'lect a captain who bosses the provisions; - He keeps the money letters, keeps order in the room, - And hollers like the debbil if you upset the spittoon. - - CHORUS: - - "Wheneber dey take de oath, dey put dem near de ribber, - Dey work dem like de debbil, worse dan in de Libby; - Dey shake 'em in de blanket, thow stuff into der eyes, - And parole dem on de island, and call 'em "galvanized." - - CHORUS: - - "Some officers do washing, many makes de fires, - So hot upon a sunny day, dat every one expires; - Some working gutta-percha, some walking in de yard, - Many make dey living by de turning ob de card. - - CHORUS: - - "Dar's tailors and shoemakers, some French and Latin teaching, - Some scratching ob de tiger, while some odders am a-preaching; - Some cooking up de rations, some swapping off dey clothes, - While a crowd of Hilton Headers are a-giving nigger shows. - - CHORUS: - - "Dar's anoder lot ob fellers and cunning dogs dey are, - Dey get an empty barrel and den set up a bar, - Git some vinegar and 'lasses—fer whiskey am too dear— - And mix it wid potato skins and den dey call it beer. - - CHORUS: - - "No matter what you're doin', one thing am very sartin, - Dat ebery one is ready from dis prison to be startin'; - De very sad reflection makes eberybody grieve, - For not a single debbil knows when he's gwine to leave. - - CHORUS: - - "Now white folks here's a moral: There's nothin' true below, - This world am but a 'tater patch, de debbil has the hoe; - Ebery one sees trouble here, go you near and far, - But the most unlucky debbil am the prisoner of war." - -These lines give in a crude way, a pretty correct account of the doings -in the prison barracks. - -I preserved a copy of Prison rules, which follows: - - * * * * * - - PRISON RULES - - "HEADQUARTERS, FORT DELAWARE, DEL., - _July 8, 1864_. - - I. Roll call at reveille and retreat. - - II. Police call at 7 A. M. and 4 P. M. - -III. Breakfast at 8 A. M. Dinner at 4 P. M. - - IV. Sergeants in charge of prisoners will exact from them strict -compliance with the above calls, which will be regularly enforced, and -must promptly report to the officer in charge the number present and -absent, sick, etc., and any who are guilty of insubordination or any -violation of the Rules of Prison. They must also notify their men that -if they do not promptly obey any order given them by a sentinel, officer -or man in charge of them, they will be shot. - - V. Sergeants in charge will be held responsible for the due execution -of these Rules, and for the regular accounting for the full number of -their men. - -By command of— - - BRIG.-GENL. A. SCHOEPF. - GEO. W. AHL, - Capt. & A. A. A. G." - - - - - CHAPTER XVIII - - OFF FOR CHARLESTON—ALLEGED RETALIATION—ON - SHIPBOARD—RUN AGROUND—SHORT OF - WATER—ON MORRIS ISLAND—IN STOCKADE—UNDER - FIRE—PRISON RULES - - -I remained at Fort Delaware until the 20th of August, 1864. Some time -previous to this, seventy-five field officers confined at Fort Delaware -were selected for retaliation, as the Yankees called it, to be put under -fire of the Confederate guns, on Morris Island in Charleston Harbor. - -The Confederates had hospitals in one section of the city of Charleston, -S. C., with yellow flags flying over them. The Yankees, in shelling the -city from their batteries on Morris Island, were in the habit of -shelling these hospitals, and were notified that some of their officers, -who were held as prisoners of war, would be placed in or near the -hospitals. The Yankees did not heed this, but prepared to put -Confederate prisoners under fire of Confederate guns, when firing on -Yankee batteries on Morris Island. - -Firing on hospitals, which were designated by yellow flags, was begun by -the Yankees on the 18th of July, 1861, at Blackburn's Ford, and kept up -during the war, contrary to the usage of all civilized nations the world -over. - -These seventy-five field officers were taken to Charleston Harbor, but -were not put under fire; instead, they were exchanged for a like number -of Yankee officers. - -When orders came to Fort Delaware, soon after this exchange, for 600 -field and company officers to be put under fire, there was a general -desire among the prisoners to be one of the 600, but we had no say-so as -to who should go. On the 19th of August, all the prisoners were called -out and formed in line, when 600 names were called, and those on the -list were notified to be ready to embark the next morning for the trip. -Some were so anxious to go that they paid others, whose names had been -called, for the privilege of surreptitiously answering to their names. -One officer gave a fine gold watch, and after remaining away seven -months, and suffering untold privations, was landed back at Fort -Delaware. - - - ON SHIPBOARD - -At the appointed hour on the 20th of August, 1864, the 600 officers -embarked on board the steamer _Crescent_, which steamed away down the -bay, out into the broad Atlantic, and down the coast to Charleston -Harbor, where they were landed on the 7th day of September, having been -eighteen days aboard ship. Capt. Thos. B. Horton and myself were among -the number, also Lieut. Peter B. Akers, of Lynchburg. - -It was a nasty trip on board this old freight ship, in the summer-time. -The prisoners were on the lower or freight deck, nearly on the water -line. Two rows of temporary bunks had been built around the sides of the -ship, two tiers high. These bunks were about six feet long and three -feet wide, with two men in each bunk; a pretty close fit, especially if -both occupants were good-sized men. The bunks did not afford sufficient -room for all the prisoners, consequently a good many lay on the floor of -the deck between the bunks. Here the prisoners laid and sweltered -through eighteen days, the boilers running up through the middle, making -it much hotter. I occupied a lower bunk on the inside row with Captain -Horton, who was my messmate while a prisoner; a good fellow he was, too, -and a good soldier. There was a guard of 150 soldiers on board, who -occupied the upper deck. The _Crescent_ was escorted by a gunboat. - - - RUN AGROUND - -Off the coast of South Carolina, before reaching Charleston, one night -the pilot, who was a Southern sympathizer, attempted to run the ship -under the guns of a Confederate battery on the coast, changing the -course of the ship, and heading it for land, but unfortunately ran -aground near some low-lying islands near the coast, not far from, but -not in sight of the mainland. When it was known at dawn of day that the -ship was aground, all hands were aroused. Some of the prisoners who knew -the coast, said the pilot had missed the channel by only a narrow -margin, which led to the Confederate batteries not far away, but not in -sight. Nor was the Yankee gunboat in sight; the pilot had given the -escort the slip in the darkness. It was plain to see that the guards -were very much excited and scared, for they assembled on the top or -hurricane-deck with their guns in their hands. The crew of the -_Crescent_ went to work to get the ship off the sand-bar on which it was -grounded. The prisoners came on deck at will, the guards abandoning -their post at the hatchway, where they had been stationed to keep all -the prisoners below, except a certain number, who were allowed to come -on deck at intervals. All hands were very anxious. Some of the prisoners -consulted and determined to make an effort to capture the ship and -guard. Col. Van Manning, of Arkansas, was the leading spirit in the -movement. I had just come on deck and was standing right by the colonel -while he wrote a note to the Yankee officer who commanded the guard. I -think I can give the note verbatim: "Sir—We hereby demand the surrender -of your guard and this ship. If you comply, you and your men shall be -treated as prisoners of war; if you refuse, you will have to take the -consequences." The plan was to make a rush on the guard and overpower -them by making the attack with such things as were at hand about the -deck, if they refused to surrender. Just as Colonel Manning finished -writing this note, some one looked out to sea and there was the old -gunboat bearing down upon us, and all hope of the capture of the ship -and guard was dashed to the ground. And how quick the demeanor of the -guard changed; before the gunboat appeared they were very much -frightened, and as before said, were gathered together on the upper -deck, taking no control of the prisoners, who came on the deck at will, -but now they were insolent and dictatorial, ordering the prisoners to -assist the crew, and taking control again. The crew pretty soon worked -the ship off the bar and we sailed on down the coast, accompanied by the -gunboat. I have often thought what a good joke it would have been on the -Yankees if we could have captured the ship and guard and taken them all -into port on the coast. - -The pilot was at once arrested and put in irons. We learned afterwards -he was court-martialed and given a term at hard labor. - - - SHORT OF WATER - -While on the _Crescent_ the supply of water ran short; then the only -water the prisoners had was sea water condensed in the ships, and issued -out scalding hot in limited quantities. We would pour the hot water from -one tin cup to another until cool enough to swallow without burning the -throat. - -Think of it! Nothing but hot water to drink in the month of August on -shipboard on the southern coast. The Yankees had ice on board, but the -prisoners got none of it. - -The _Crescent_ steamed on down the coast, passing Charleston Harbor— -preparations to receive the prisoners not being completed—to Port Royal -Sound, where we remained a few days on shipboard. Here two or three -prisoners escaped from the ship in the night-time, by dropping in the -water and swimming ashore. Only one, however, made good his escape. - -While here we could see sharks swimming about the ship. It took pretty -good nerve to get in the water and swim for the shore. - - - IN THE STOCKADE - -When the stockade was ready, we went up to Charleston Harbor, landing on -Morris Island, as before said, on the 7th of September, and marched -between two lines of negro soldiers (big black, slick negro fellows they -were) two miles up the island, and into a stockade made of pine logs set -on end in the ground, about twenty feet high, enclosing an acre of -ground. In the stockade were small fly-tents arranged in regular -military order. Four men occupied each tent. - -The negro soldiers guarded us—the sentries, on platforms on the outside -of the stockade, about three feet from the top. These sentries would -fire upon the slightest provocation, though I must say that the negro -soldiers treated the prisoners better than the white officers who -commanded them. For these officers the prisoners had a perfect contempt. -They were a low-down, measly set. One Lieut.-Col. William Gurney was in -command, and the most despisable in the lot was he. - -While here the rations were scant and sorry. For breakfast, we had three -crackers, sometimes two, and sometimes only one and a half, and a very -small piece of bacon, about two ounces; towards the last, five crackers -per day were issued. For dinner, we had soup made of some kind of dried -peas, about one pint, very unpalatable—for supper, a pint of very thin -mush or rice. The mush was made of stale cornmeal, full of worms. One -prisoner picked out and counted 125 small, black-headed worms from a cup -of this mush. I would pick out worms a while, and then eat the stuff a -while, then pick out more worms until all were gone. Some just devoured -worms and all, saying they could not afford to loose that much of their -rations; that if the worms could stand it, they could. The detestable -Yankee lieutenant-colonel would sometimes come into the camp while we -were devouring the mush and worms and with a contemptible sneer and -Yankee nasal twang, say: "You fellows need fresh meat to keep off -scurvy, so I give it to you in your mush." - -One day all the prisoners were taken out of the stockade, marched down -to the wharf and put aboard two old hulks or lighters and towed out in -the bay, where the hulks remained all night. The next morning we were -again landed and marched back to the stockade. I never knew why this was -done, unless it was to search the tents for contraband articles, or to -see if there was any tunneling going on from the tents, in order to -effect escapes. I think some efforts were made at tunneling out, but -without success. - -While here we were not allowed to purchase anything to eat from the -sutler unless directed by the surgeon when sick, consequently, every man -was hungry all the while, as a whole day's rations were not sufficient -for one meal. During the time a flag-of-truce boat passed between the -island and Charleston, by which the good women of Charleston sent the -prisoners a good supply of pipes and tobacco, and something good to eat, -which was highly appreciated. - - - UNDER FIRE - -After the prisoners were placed here near the Yankee batteries, so as to -be exposed to the fire of the Confederate guns, the Confederate -batteries did not fire a great deal. What shelling was done was mostly -at night. Some of the shells burst over the stockade and the pieces -would fall around, but I don't remember that any of the prisoners were -hit. It was rather uncomfortable, though, to lie there and watch the big -shells sailing through the air, which we could see at night by the fuse -burning, and sometimes burst above us, instead of bursting in or above -the Yankee forts 100 yards further on, and then listen at the fragments -humming through the air and hear them strike the ground with a dull thud -among the tents. We would first hear a distant boom, two miles away -towards Charleston, and then begin to look and listen for the shell -which was sure to follow that boom. Peter Akers used to say, "That is -trusting too much to the fuse to shoot two miles and expect the shell to -burst 100 hundred yards beyond the stockade." - -The prisoners were located about midway between two Yankee forts, Gregg -and Wagner. Through the interstices between the pine logs forming the -stockade, we could see indistinctly Fort Sumter, which looked like a -pile of ruins. The outer walls of brick had been battered to pieces by -the Yankee batteries on Morris Island and the breaks filled up with sand -bags. The city of Charleston was also visible, though indistinctly. We -were not permitted to go near the stockade. - -One day a Yankee monitor, which, with other blockading ships, lay near -the entrance of the harbor or bay, moved up about opposite the stockade, -and engaged in a fight with the Confederate batteries. We could see the -Confederate shots strike the water and skip along towards the Monitor, -which pretty soon got enough of it, and moved out of range. - - - PRISON RULES - -I also preserved a copy of the Prison Rules here, which is as follows: - - * * * * * - - "HEADQUARTERS, U. S. FORCES, - MORRIS ISLAND, S. C., - _September 7, 1864_. - -"The following Rules and Regulations are hereby announced for the -government of the camp of the prisoners of war: - -"The prisoners will be divided into eight detachments, seventy-five in -each, lettered A, B, C, etc., each prisoner numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Each -detachment will be under the charge of a warden, who will be detailed -from the guard for that duty. There will be three roll calls each day, -the first at one-half hour before sunrise, at which time the prisoners -will be counted by the wardens, and the reports will be taken by the -officer of the day at the company streets before the ranks are broken. -Each warden will see that the quarters in his detachment are properly -policed, and will make the detail necessary for that duty. Sick-call -will be at 9 o'clock A. M. each day. Each warden will make a morning -report to the officer in charge on blanks suitable for that purpose. -There will be two barrel sinks for each detachment, which will be placed -on the flanks of the companies during the day and in the company streets -at night. They will be emptied after each roll call by a detail from -each detachment. No talking will be allowed after evening roll call, and -no prisoner will leave his tent after that time except to obey the calls -of nature. During the day the prisoners will be allowed the limits of -the camp as marked by the rope running between the stockade and the line -of tents. Prisoners passing this line under any pretense whatever will -be shot by the sentinels. No persons except the guard and officers on -duty at the camp will be allowed to communicate with the prisoners -without written permission from these or superior headquarters. The -sentinels will always have their guns loaded and capped. If more than -ten prisoners are seen together, except at meal-time and roll call, they -will be warned to disperse, and if they do not obey at once, they will -be fired upon by the sentries. - -"If there is any disturbance whatever in the camp or any attempt made by -the prisoners to escape, the camp will be opened upon with grape and -canister, musketry, and the Requa Batteries. - -"If a prisoner is sick, he may be allowed to purchase such luxuries as -the surgeon in charge may direct. The prisoners will be allowed to -purchase only the following named articles: Writing materials, pipes, -tobacco, and necessary clothing. - -"Everything bought by or sent to them will be inspected by the provost -marshal. The prisoners will be allowed to write letters, one a week, not -more than one-half sheet of paper to each letter. The letters will be -opened and pass through the hands of the provost marshal before being -mailed. No candles or light of any kind will be allowed. The hours for -meals are as follows: Breakfast, 7 A. M.; dinner, 12 M.; supper, 5 P. M. -The rations will be cooked and served under the direction of the provost -marshal. - -By order of— - - "LIEUT.-COL. WILLIAM GURNEY, - 127th Regt. N. Y. Vol., Com. Post. - "R. H. L. JEVOETT, - Capt. 54 Mass. Vol., A. A. A. G." - - "Official: GEO. N. LITTLE, - 1st. Lt. 127th R. N. Y. V., - A. A. A. C." - - - - - CHAPTER XIX - - TO FORT PULASKI—ROTTEN CORNMEAL AND - PICKLED RATIONS—A PLOT LAID - - -On the 17th of October the prisoners were notified to be ready to move -at daylight next morning. In one of the tents the next morning, in order -to see how to get ready, one of the prisoners struck a light, when the -negro guard fired into the tent, wounding two of the occupants badly, -one through the knee and the other in the shoulder. On the 18th we were -marched to the wharf and put aboard two old hulks and towed out to sea. -We had been forty-two days in this stockade and were glad enough to get -away. But alas! we did not know what was in store for us later on. Three -days' rations, so-called, had been issued—fifteen crackers and about -five or six ounces of bacon. After being at sea three days and two -nights, one hulk-load of 300 were landed at Fort Pulaski, on Tybee -Island, Ga., at the mouth of the Savannah River, and the other 300 were -landed at Hilton Head, a short distance up the coast. - -Fort Pulaski was built of brick, with very thick walls, surrounded by a -wide moat, was very damp, and when the east winds blew, very cold and -disagreeable, there being no window-lights in the embrasures to the -casements in which the prisoners were confined—only iron bars. Here the -prisoners were guarded by the 127th N. Y. Regiment, commanded by Col. W. -W. Brown, who treated the prisoners kindly. - -In this regiment there were a great many youths in their teens. I -remarked on this in a conversation with a Yankee sergeant, who stated -that these boys were put into the army by their fathers for the sake of -the large bounties paid, which, in many cases, amounted to $2,000 and -over, and that these fathers were using the money to buy homes and lands -for themselves. - -Just like a Yankee—he would sell his own flesh and blood for money! - -The Confederate soldiers were patriots, fighting for their country, -while a large majority of the Yankee army were hirelings, fighting for -money. Yet these hirelings are lauded as patriots by the North and -pensioned by the United States Government! - -For a time the rations were better here than on Morris Island. All the -men and officers of this regiment had seen service in the field and had -a fellow-feeling for a soldier, although he was a "Rebel" prisoner. -Whenever we were guarded by Yankees who had never seen service in the -field, they were as mean as snakes. The guards at Fort Delaware were of -the latter kind—they shot several prisoners without cause. One instance -I remember was that of Colonel —— Jones, of Virginia, who was sick and -very feeble, scarcely able to walk. He had gone to the sink and had -started back when a guard ordered him to move faster, which he could not -do, and was shot through the body, dying the next day. The miscreant -boasted that, "This makes two Rebels my gun has killed." - - - ROTTEN CORNMEAL AND PICKLED RATIONS - -While at Fort Pulaski, Gen. J. G. Foster, the Yankee general commanding -the department, and a cruel, unfeeling wretch he must have been, issued -an order to put the prisoners on ten ounces of cornmeal and half pint of -onion pickles per day. - -This cornmeal was shipped from the North, was completely spoiled and -utterly unfit for food, being mouldy, in hard lumps, and full of worms, -big and little, some of them an inch long. The brands on the barrels -showed that this cornmeal was ground at Brandywine in the year 1861. -This was done, it was said, in retaliation for the Confederates feeding -the Yankee prisoners on cornbread and sour sorghum. We would have been -very glad to have gotten cornbread and sorghum, such as the Yankee -prisoners had. They did not even give us salt, absolutely nothing but -this ten ounces of rotten, wormy cornmeal and pickles, and would not -allow those who had money to buy anything to eat from the sutler's. Some -say that Edward M. Stanton, the Yankee Secretary of War, the arch-fiend -of South-haters, was responsible for this cruel treatment. It savored of -many of Stanton's acts during and after the war. In consequence of this -inhuman order, there was a great deal of sickness and many deaths among -the prisoners. "Starved to death," said the Yankee surgeon who attended -the sick, "medicine will do them no good." Scurvy, a loathsome disease, -prevailed to an alarming extent; the gums would become black and putrid, -the legs full of sores, drawn and distorted. Many a poor fellow, in -attempting to make his way to the sinks, would fall fainting to the -ground. I remember, in one day, assisting three of these unfortunates to -rise from the ground and back to their bunks. To substantiate what I -have here recorded as facts, I give the following from the "War of the -Rebellion, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series -II, Vol. VIII, page 163": - - * * * * * - - "HEADQUARTERS, DISTRICT OF SAVANNAH, - SAVANNAH, GA., - _February 1, 1865_. - - "Assistant Adjutant General, - Headquarters, Department of the South: - -"My medical director yesterday inspected the condition of the Rebel -prisoners confined at Fort Pulaski, and represents that they are in a -condition of great suffering and exhaustion for the want of sufficient -food and clothing; also that they have the scurvy to a considerable -extent. He recommends as a necessary measure, that they be at once put -on full prison rations ("full prison rations," God save the mark!), and -also that they be allowed to receive necessary articles of clothing from -their friends. I would respectfully endorse the surgeon's recommendation -and ask authority to take such steps as may be necessary to relieve -actual sickness and suffering. - - (Signed) "C. GROVER, - Brevet Major-General, - Commanding." - - * * * * * - -Now, here it is from their own records, showing how wantonly and cruelly -the Yankees treated these prisoners. - -During these frightful days I made a ring out of a gutta-percha button, -which was traded to a Yankee soldier, on the sly, for a good chunk of -middling meat, which was a Godsend. I escaped the scurvy, but my -messmate, Captain Horton, had it pretty badly, although I shared the -meat with him. The prisoners killed and ate all the cats they could -catch. I ate a small piece of a cat myself, and would have eaten more if -I could have gotten it. One of the Yankee officers had a fat little dog -that followed him into the casemates when making his tours of -inspection; the hungry prisoners longed to get this dog, but he kept -close to his master's heels, as if cognizant of the fact that he was on -dangerous ground. With half a chance he would have been caught, killed, -skinned, and devoured in short order. Some one may have nabbed this dog; -I don't know. - -These starvation days lasted about two months. During this time a Yankee -major, out of compassion for the starving prisoners, went out with a -boat and net one day, caught and gave to the prisoners a number of fresh -fish, which were greatly enjoyed. This kindness was duly appreciated. -But those higher in authority forbade its repetition, and we got no more -fish. - -While at Fort Pulaski the "Lee Chess Club" got out a paper, in pen and -ink, foolscap size; I was one of the scribes and preserved a copy. A few -years ago I sent this copy to the Confederate Museum at Richmond, Va., -where it is now preserved in a glass case in the Virginia Room, in the -White House of the Confederacy. - - - A PLOT LAID - -While here, six officers laid a plan to capture the ship when we were -removed from the place, it being often rumored we were to be taken away. -These six officers each selected ten others to act with them. No one -else knew anything of the plot. I do not remember the names of the -leaders. Captain Horton and myself were among the number selected. - -About the 1st of March, rumors were rife that we were to be moved, and -the plot was perfected as far as possible. The plan was to overpower the -guard when at sea, take charge of the ship and run it to Nassau, or some -other neutral port, in the West Indies. While here, some of the -prisoners escaped from the hospital. Only one, however, made good and -got safely away. Those recaptured were put in irons, cast into a foul -dungeon, and cruelly treated. - - - - - CHAPTER XX - - BACK TO FORT DELAWARE—DISAPPOINTMENT AND - GREAT SUFFERING—THREE DEATHS AND - BURIALS AT SEA - - -About the 3d or 4th of March, I think it was, the soldiers guarding us -said an order had been received from General Grant, "an autograph -letter," they said, to take us to Norfolk; thence up James River to City -Point, for exchange. This was joyful news, indeed, and with eagerness -and high hopes the prisoners made preparations to leave that dismal -place. The next day we boarded a small steamer and were off for Dixie, -as all believed. We left many a poor comrade buried in the sand on that -Tybee Island, victims of Yankee cruelty and hatred. - -After taking on board the prisoners at Hilton Head, the ship was so -heavily loaded that the captain refused to put to sea. All the prisoners -were then transferred to the steamship _Illinois_, a larger and better -boat, which sailed for Norfolk. So certain were all that an exchange -would be effected, no effort was made to carry out the plan to capture -the ship. The guards on the ship paid little or no attention to the -prisoners; they virtually had the freedom of the ship, could go on deck -at will, and could have taken possession without the loss of a single -man. There was no gunboat escort. - -On this trip up the coast there was a great deal of seasickness. There -was no storm, but the ship rolled considerably. I was sick myself, and -as I lay in a bunk down on the lower deck, looking out a small porthole -at the huge billows, feeling very miserable, I made up my mind if -anything happened to the ship, to just lay still and go down with it -without making any effort to save myself. I remember one poor fellow who -was suffering terribly, groaning and heaving as if trying to throw up -his very "gizzard," when some one called out, "Give that man a piece of -fat meat, it will help him." The sick man cried out in his agony, "O -Lord God, don't talk about fat meat to me." Any one who has been -sea-sick knows what an aversion the nausea produces to food, especially -fat meat. - -On the night of the 7th of March we dropped anchor at Norfolk, thinking -of nothing but that the next morning we would steam up the historic -James to City Point, and there be exchanged. - - - DISAPPOINTMENT AND GREAT SUFFERING - -The next morning the ship weighed anchor, with many of us on deck in -high spirits. Soon after getting under way, the ship was hailed by a -gunboat, lying in Hampton Roads, with "Where are you bound?" The captain -of the _Illinois_ shouted back through his trumpet, "Fort Delaware." Oh, -horror of horrors! our hearts sank within us; visions of exchange, of -home and friends, vanished in a twinkling. Doomed to further -incarceration in a detestable Yankee prison, when we had expected in a -few short hours to be free and with friends! With hope, aye, certainly -of relief, dashed to the ground, our feelings may be better imagined -than expressed in words. The doom of the damned, "Depart from me ye -cursed into everlasting fire," can not be much worse. The Yankee guards -on board the ship were at once on the alert, and with harsh and insolent -commands, ordered and compelled, at point of bayonet, all the prisoners -to get off the deck, and would not allow, after this, more than six or -eight men on deck at a time; sentinels with loaded guns and fixed -bayonets stood at the hatchways above us, and there was no chance to -take the ship. One scoundrel threatened to shoot me as I stood at the -foot of the ladder, with my hand on it, awaiting my turn to go on deck. -He said to me in an insolent tone, "Take your hand off that ladder." I -did so, then he said, "If you are an officer, why don't you dress like -an officer?" I replied, "It is none of your business how I dress." Then -he said, "Damn you, I will shoot you," bringing down his cocked gun on -me, when I stepped back out of sight, thinking "discretion the better -part of valor." How much the seventy men in the plot regretted not -putting that plot into execution can never be told. - - - THREE DEATHS AND BURIALS AT SEA - -While on the way up the coast to Fort Delaware, the suffering among the -prisoners was greatly intensified. The sick and disabled especially were -downcast, and in utter despair; a more miserable set of men were perhaps -never seen on board a ship. The floor of the lower deck was covered with -vomit, which sloshed from side to side as the ship rolled back and -forth. - -Gloom and despair sat like a black pall on every face. Before Fort -Delaware was reached, three officers died and were buried at sea. I -witnessed one of the burials. The body was sewed up in a blanket with a -cannon ball at the feet, then placed on a plank, feet foremost, which -was pushed out over the side of the ship and the plank tilted up, when -all that was mortal of the poor fellow slid off, and dropped into the -sea, many feet below, to rest in a watery grave until the final roll -call at the Judgment Day, "when the sea shall give up its dead." - -Seventy-five sick were taken from the ship to the hospital, and many -more were hardly able to walk, but the hospital was full. We disembarked -at Fort Delaware on the 12th of March, 1865. - -It was said the reason we were not exchanged, was that upon the arrival -of the prisoners at Hampton Roads their condition was so horrible the -Yankees did not want the Confederate authorities and the world to know -their condition, hence they were shipped back to Fort Delaware. - -That the exchange was ordered by General Grant I here present proof from -the same volume of "War Records," before quoted from, on page 417, where -will be found the following: - - * * * * * - - "CITY POINT, VA., _March 21, 1865_. - -"Brigadier-General Mulford, Commanding General: I do not know what has -been done with the officers at Fort Pulaski; I sent orders to have them -delivered at Charleston. Before the order had been received, Charleston -had fallen into our possession. I then sent orders to have them sent to -the James River. Before that order was received, General Gilmore wrote -to me that, having received my first order, which had been directed to -General Foster, he had sent a flag to find the enemy to deliver the -prisoners to. I have heard nothing since. - - (Signed) "U. S. GRANT, - Lieutenant-General." - - * * * * * - -Proof of Grant's order to Foster for exchange at Charleston is in the -same volume, page 219, and is dated 14th of February, 1865. "So near," -we were to exchange and relief from suffering, "and yet so far." - - - - - CHAPTER XXI - - YANKEE INFAMY—CONDUCT OF THE WAR—SHERMAN'S - MARCH—VIRGINIA DISMEMBERED - - -The Yankees were continually giving out to the world exaggerated -accounts of the conditions of their soldiers in Confederate prisons, and -are still at it, all the while refusing to exchange prisoners, except in -a few instances. - -The Yankees during the war did many mean, contemptible and uncivilized -things, but I have always thought about the most contemptible and -meanest thing they did was when, sometimes, there was an exchange of -sick and wounded prisoners, they would strip to the skin their sick and -wounded men, the most emaciated, have their pictures taken and sent -broadcast over the country, to fire the Northern people and prejudice -the world against the Confederates, when they knew the Confederate sick -from Northern prisons were equally emaciated; but never a picture of -these did they take and scatter abroad. I have seen some of these -pictures. They are still harping on the horrors of Andersonville, but -never a word do they utter about the wilful, malicious and cruel -treatment of prisoners on Morris Island, and in Fort Pulaski, and Hilton -Head. - -The Confederates fed the Yankee prisoners, as best they could, the same -rations issued to Confederate soldiers—cut off as they were from the -world, a large part of their country overrun by a brutal and merciless -foe, who carried desolation and destruction through the land, wherever -their worse than Hessian hoards went. There was much suffering -everywhere in the South. - -Food was scarce in the South, women and children suffered, and our own -soldiers in the field had scanty rations, very often nothing but bread -and not enough of that, while the Yankees, with plenty of supplies, -their ports open to the world, less than half fed the Confederates in -all their prisons, through malice and revenge. - -It is a well-known fact, established by the records, that while there -were more Yankee prisoners in Southern prisons than there were -Confederates in Northern prisons, many thousands more of Confederate -prisoners died in Northern prisons than Yankees in Southern prisons. It -is established by the records of the war office at Washington that, -during the war, Yankee prisoners to the number of 270,000 were captured -and that 220,000 Confederates were captured. Of these prisoners 20,000 -Yankees died in Southern prisons (about eight per cent.), while 26,000 -Confederate prisoners died in Northern prisons (about sixteen per cent. -of those captured). Most of the Confederate prisoners were confined in -prisons in cold lake regions, and at Point Lookout, where they suffered -untold miseries from exposure in those bleak locations. Confined in -open, board barracks and tents with a very, very scant supply of fuel, -with only a few thin blankets, thin, worn out clothing, and less than -half fed, no wonder many of them died, victims of Yankee cruelty. - -Let it ever be remembered that all this suffering, privation, and tens -of thousands of deaths, were caused by the Yankees during the last two -years of the war refusing to exchange prisoners, while the Confederates -were always willing and anxious to exchange. General Grant said, when -urged to agree to exchanges to prevent suffering and death in prison of -his own men, "It is hard on our men confined in Southern prisons, but it -would be harder on our soldiers in the field to consent to an exchange, -because, if the 30,00 Rebel prisoners were released, they would go back -to the army and fight, while our men would return to their homes." The -Confederate authorities offered the Yankees the privilege of sending -food, medicine, and hospital supplies to their prisoners in the South to -be dispensed by Yankee doctors, but the offer was coldly and cruelly -declined. - -As proof of this, I refer to Col. Robt. Olds' letter to General Grant, -dated Richmond, Va., January 24, 1865, in "War of the Rebellion, -Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies," Series II, Vol. -2, pages 122-23, published by the United States Government. - -Not only this, but in truth no reply was made. They made medicine -contraband of war; that is, they would not allow medicine to be shipped -into the South any more than they would powder and lead or food or -clothing—something no other nation of modern times has ever done. These -things here recorded are historic, known and read by all men. - - - CONDUCT OF THE WAR - -The conduct of the war on the part of the North was cold-blooded and -cruel in the highest degree. The Northern soldiers burned and pillaged -thousands of homes, and ruthlessly destroyed millions of dollars' worth -of private property. The beautiful and fertile Valley of Virginia, "the -garden spot of the world," was made a howling wilderness by wanton -destruction and devastation; every mill and barn was burned, together -with many dwellings; every kind of food for man or beast was destroyed, -and the women and children left in a pitiable plight, the vandal -Sheridan sending a message to Grant after the dastardly work was done, -that "A crow flying over the Valley would have to take his rations with -him." Gen. U. S. Grant had ordered this destruction and devastation, and -found in Sheridan a willing tool to execute the infamous order. - -The annals of history, ancient or modern, furnish few if any atrocities -equal to those perpetrated by the Northern armies. The monster, Sherman, -in his march through Georgia and North Carolina, burned and pillaged as -no army ever did before, leaving a burned and blackened swath behind him -forty to sixty miles wide. A few years ago, when the world was horrified -at the cruelty the United States soldiers practiced on the Philippinos, -including the "water cure," which consisted of inserting a rubber tube -into the throat while the victim lay bound on his back, and pouring -water in the tube and down the throat until the stomach was filled and -distended to its fullest capacity, then jumping on the victim's stomach -with the feet, forcing the water out, repeating the operation time and -time again—when I read of this I remarked to some one that I was not -surprised: that the Yankees were mean enough to do anything; that I knew -them of old. - - - SHERMAN'S MARCH - -General Sherman, in his official report of his operations in Georgia, -says: "We consumed the corn and fodder in the country thirty miles on -either side of a line from Atlanta to Savannah: also the sweet potatoes, -hogs, sheep, poultry, and carried off more than 10,000 horses and mules. -I estimate the damage done to the State of Georgia at one hundred -million dollars, at least, twenty millions of which inured to our -benefit, and the remainder was simply waste and destruction." Could -anything be more diabolical? - -From Gen. Bradley Johnston's "Life of Gen. Jos. E. Johnston," I take the -following extracts, descriptive of Sherman's march: "A solid wall of -smoke by day forty miles wide, and from the horizon to the zenith, gave -notice to the women and children of the fate that was moving on them. At -early dawn the black veil showed the march of the burners. All day they -watched it coming from the northwest, like a storm-cloud of destruction. -All night it was lit up by forked tongues of flame, lighting the lurid -darkness. The next morning it reached them. Terror borne on the air, -fleet as the furies, spread out ahead, and murder, arson, rapine, -enveloped them. Who can describe the agonies of mothers for their -daughters, for their babes, for their fathers and young boys? - -"This crime was organized and regulated with intelligence and method. -Every morning details were sent out in advance and on the flanks. The -burners spread themselves over the whole country for miles beyond either -flank of the marching columns, and they robbed everything. - -"All valuables, gold, silver, jewels, watches, etc., were brought in at -night and a fair division made of them among all parties. The captain -was entitled to so much, the colonel to his share, the general to his -portion. - -"Let a few other things also speak. Major-General Halleck, then, I -believe, commander-in-chief, under the President, of the armies of the -Union, on the 18th of December, 1864, dispatched as follows to General -Sherman, then in Savannah: 'Should you capture Charleston, I hope that -by some accident the place may be destroyed, and if a little salt should -be sown upon its site, it may prevent the growth of future crops of -nullification and secession.'" - -On the 26th of December, 1864, General Sherman made the following -answer: "I will bear in mind your hint as to Charleston, and don't think -that 'salt will be necessary.' When I move, the Fifteenth Corps will be -on the right wing, and the position will bring them naturally into -Charleston first, and if you have watched the history of that corps, you -will have remarked that they generally do their work pretty well. The -truth is, the whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak -vengeance upon South Carolina." - -The Northern people have immortalized these dastardly deeds in the song, -"Marching Through Georgia," and still exultingly sing and play it, which -but perpetuates an infamy which should and does cause every American, -worthy of the name, to hang his head in shame. - -Here we have it from those high in authority approving and urging on the -demons in human form who were perpetrating the most dastardly -atrocities, and gloating over it, too. Who can doubt but that Hades -burned hotter and his Satanic Majesty rubbed his hands in glee, when -Stanton, Halleck, Sherman, _et id genus omne_, were hurled headlong into -the bottomless pit? - -How different was the conduct of General Lee and his army when invading -the enemy's country! I give here General Lee's order when in -Pennsylvania: - - * * * * * - - "HEADQUARTERS ARMY NORTHERN VIRGINIA, - _June 27, 1863_, - - "Gen. Orders No. 73. - -"The Commanding General has observed with marked satisfaction the -conduct of the troops on the march. There have, however, been instances -of forgetfulness on the part of some that they have in keeping the yet -unsullied reputation of this army, and that the duties exacted of us by -civilization and Christianity are not less obligatory in the country of -the enemy than our own. - -"The Commanding General considers that no greater disgrace could befall -the army, and through it our whole people, than the perpetration of -barbarous outrages upon the unarmed and defenseless, and the wanton -destruction of private property that have marked the course of the enemy -in our own country.... - -"It will be remembered that we make war only upon armed men. - - (Signed) R. E. LEE, General." - - * * * * * - -What a contrast! Robert E. Lee would have thrust his right hand into the -fire and burned it off inch by inch before he would have written such -words as Halleck and Sherman wrote. - -W. T. Sherman was utterly incapable of entertaining or expressing such -high and noble sentiments as emanated from Lee in the above-quoted -order. - -It is true that Early burned Chambersburg, but this was done in -retaliation for wanton destruction of private houses in Virginia by the -Yankee General Hunter, upon the refusal of the town to pay an indemnity -in money. - - - VIRGINIA DISMEMBERED - -A most atrocious act of the Yankee Government during the war, -high-handed and inexcusable and without any semblance of law, right or -necessity, was the dismemberment of the State of Virginia, when the old -Mother of States was despoiled of one-third of her territory. West -Virginia, cleft as it was from the side of the old Mother State by the -sword, when in the throes of war, left that mother bleeding, and robbed -of her richest mineral territory. Not that it would make the United -States Government any stronger or richer, but only to satiate the -hatred, revenge and malice of the Yankee nation. Virginia! The proud Old -Dominion, that in 1795 voluntarily gave to the young Republic that vast -northwestern domain, 250,000 square miles in extent, which her sons, -during the Revolutionary War, single-handed and alone, under the -leadership of the indomitable George Rogers Clark, wrested from the -British and their Indian allies, and which now comprises the states of -Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and that part of Minnesota -east of the Mississippi River; yet her original domains, as one of the -thirteen States as fixed and adjusted after Kentucky was formed, and the -ceding to the United States of this great western empire; the oldest, -foremost, and proudest of the States, on whose shores the first English -settlement on the continent was made, whose ter-centennial in this year -of Grace, 1907, is being celebrated, and on whose sacred soil the fires -of liberty were kindled and fanned into flame by the burning words, -"Give me liberty or give me death," which fell from the lips of her own -Patrick Henry; yet Virginia, the proud old Mother of States and -statesmen, her borders extending from the sands on the ocean shore on -the east to the Ohio River on the west, must be cut in twain, in hatred, -in malice and in revenge. - -These facts, the treatment of prisoners, and destruction of private -property, are here recorded that the truth of history may be vindicated, -and that the cold-blooded and cruel atrocities of the enemies of the -South may not be forgotten. Multiplied instances of cruelty and -vandalism might be here written down, but the subject is distasteful. - -All this cruelty and these wanton acts of devastation and destruction -were visited on the South and her people, not because they were -criminals and outlaws, but to satiate Yankee hatred and revenge. That -the South acted within her rights in withdrawing from the Union is now -conceded by all unbiased and fair-minded men who have intelligence -enough to investigate the rights of the states under the original -compact—the Bill of Rights, the constitutions of several states, and the -Constitution of the United States. - -Impartial history will accord the South honor, genius, skill, bravery -and endurance, under adverse conditions, unexampled; victories many, -against great odds. Truthfully has it been said of the Confederacy: - - "No nation rose so white and fair, - Or fell so pure of crime"— - -While to the North will be accorded success through unlimited resources -and vastly superior numbers, together with dishonor and shame for -cruelty, revengefulness and wanton destruction of private property, -unequaled in modern history. - - - - - CHAPTER XXII - - LEE'S SURRENDER—LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION—OUT - OF PRISON AND AT HOME - - -Prison life at Fort Delaware had not improved any during the absence of -the 600; the same bad, scanty rations were still served, with no -surcease of the tedious, weary hours. When General Lee surrendered at -Appomattox on the 9th of April, 1865, the prisoners were very much -depressed, and almost the last hope of the establishment of the -independence of the South vanished. A meeting of the Virginia officers -was held to consult as to what was best to be done. Gen. Jos. E. -Johnston was still in the field with an army in North Carolina, and Gen. -Kirby Smith, commanding the Trans-Mississippi Department, was in Texas -with a few thousand men. Whether we would abandon all hope and get out -of prison as soon as possible by taking the oath of allegiance to the -United States Government, which was offered, or await future events, -were the questions discussed. Several speeches were made. Among the -speakers I remember Capt. Jas. Bumgardner, of Staunton; Capt. H. Clay -Dickerson, of Bedford, and Capt. Don P. Halsey, of Lynchburg. Captain -Halsey closed his speech by submitting a motion: "That the meeting take -no action at present," which motion I seconded, and it was carried -unanimously. We were not yet ready to surrender to what seemed to be the -inevitable. General Johnston was still standing before the enemy with -his tattered, battered, and shattered battalions, and we considered our -unqualified allegiance was still due to the Confederacy while he thus -stood. The remaining days of April were anxious and exciting ones. - - - LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION - -When the news of the assassination of Lincoln, which occurred on the -night of the 14th of April, 1865, reached Fort Delaware the next -morning, there was great excitement among the Yankee guards and -prisoners also. The Yankee soldiers looked mad and vindictive, and the -guards were doubled. Visions of retaliatory measures—banishment to Dry -Tortugas, or worse—rose up before the Confederate officers. If -retaliation was resorted to, no one knew how many Southern lives it -would take to appease the wrath and vengeance of the North. If lots were -cast for the victims, no one knew who would draw the black ballots. -While all were discussing these questions in all seriousness, Peter -Akers, the wit of the prison, broke the tension with the remark, "It was -hard on old Abe to go through the war and then get bushwhacked in a -theater." - -The Yankees almost moved heaven and earth to implicate the Confederate -authorities in the assassination of Lincoln, but failed most signally. -No doubt, they would have given worlds, if at their command, if -President Jeff Davis and other leaders could have been connected with -the plot and crime. As is well known, Boothe, the assassin, was shot -dead in the attempt to capture him, and that a man named Harold, who was -with Boothe when killed: Payne, who the same night attempted to -assassinate Secretary of State, Wm. H. Seward, and Mrs. Surratt—were -hung, the latter in all probability innocent of any crime; there was no -evidence to connect her with the assassination or the plot. Some of the -assassins boarded at her house and her son fled. - -The assassination of Lincoln was the act of a scatter-brained actor, -John Wilkes Boothe, and did the South no good, if, indeed, it was so -intended. Many people think that if Lincoln had lived the South would -have fared much better after the war. I do not think so. Lincoln might -have been disposed to have dealt more justly with the South, but in my -opinion he would have been overruled by the Sewards, the Stantons, the -Mortons, the Garrisons, and the Thad Stevenses, and many more of that -ilk, who lived and died inveterate haters and vilifiers of the Southern -people. Meanness is bred in the bone of some people. If Lincoln ever did -a kindly or generous act in behalf of the South, I do not recall it. - -When Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrendered on the 26th day of April, 1865, -the last vestige of hope against hope vanished. We felt like saying, -"'Tis the last libation that Liberty draws from the heart that bleeds -and breaks in her cause." - - - OUT OF PRISON AND AT HOME - -I remained at Fort Delaware until the 21st day of May, 1865, when I was -released by a special order from Washington, which my brother had -procured, and who brought the order to Fort Delaware and accompanied me -to New York and to his home in Brooklyn. So that I was a prisoner of war -one year to a day. I came out of prison in a much worse condition, -physically, than when captured. Three years of active service in the -field was as nothing to my experience in prison, although I did not -suffer as much as thousands of poor fellows who received no aid from -friends. I was sick several times while in prison, but had no serious -illness, but was much debilitated at the end. - -We left Fort Delaware on the steamer _Mentor_, going up Delaware River -to Philadelphia, and thence by train and boat to New York. - -After remaining in New York about two weeks recuperating, my brother and -family and myself left for Virginia and home, going by steamer to -Norfolk; thence up James River to Richmond, where we found a large part -of the city in ashes. Gloomy and distressing was the scene. Here I met -General Kemper and other comrades. The next day we took the train for -Lynchburg—on the old Richmond & Danville Railroad. At Burkeville we -found the road to Farmville destroyed. My brother and family went by -private conveyance to Farmville, while I remained at Burkeville, sitting -up all night guarding the baggage, as the railroad system was so out of -joint and deranged that no care could be taken of baggage by the -officials. The next morning I went by wagon to Farmville with the -baggage, when we again took the train to another break in the road at -James River below Lynchburg. Here we got aboard an old-fashioned canal -boat, drawn by an old mule or two, which landed us at Lynchburg. The -next day we went to my father's, twenty-one miles, in Campbell County, -and joined the loved ones there. The reunion was a happy one. But what a -change! Scores of thousands of dollars' worth of property gone forever, -and the future, with reconstruction and attempted negro domination, -staring us in the face, the prospect was anything but encouraging. But -all was not lost; honor and truth still lived, though might had -triumphed over right. - -Thus ended my four years of service to the Confederacy, which I served -loyally and willingly, and my only regret is that we all could not have -rendered our dear Southland more efficient service, even to the full -fruition of our fondest hopes in the beginning. - -I had three brothers in the army, all of us escaping without the loss of -life or limb. The youngest, Taylor, was only in service a short time, -being only thirteen years of age when the war began. He was in the -cavalry service, as was my brother, Coon, towards the end. - - - - - CHAPTER XXIII - - RECONSTRUCTION AND SINCE - - -As a fit climax to, and exhibitory of, Yankee hatred, malice, revenge, -and cruelty practiced during the war, the North bound the prostrate -South on the rock of negro domination, while the vultures, -"carpet-baggers" and "scalawags," preyed upon its vitals. Unlike -Prometheus, however, the South did not have its chains broken by a -Hercules, but rose in its own might and severed the fetters that bound -it, and drove away the birds of prey, and her people are now free and -independent, controlling their own state affairs without let or -hindrance; though many at the North are still growling and snarling, -threatening reduction of representation in Congress, howling about negro -disfranchisement, and the separation of the races in schools and public -conveyances. - -Let it never be forgotten that in Virginia in 1868, 80,000 -"carpet-baggers," "scalawags," and negroes voted to disfranchise every -Confederate soldier who fought for home and native land, and every man -in the State, young or old, who would not swear that he had never given -aid or comfort to the soldiers in the field, or sympathized with the -Southern cause. Armed Yankee soldiers were posted at every courthouse in -the land. Civil law gave place to arbitrary military rule. The names of -states were obliterated, the states being designated as "Military -Districts Nos. 1, 2, 3," etc. Detectives were abroad in the land. -Everything that Yankee ingenuity and malignancy could conceive of was -done to humiliate the Southern people. This service was very distasteful -to some of the Yankee officers and soldiers, but they were urged on by -the venom of a majority at the North. Peaceful citizens were hauled up -before the military courts on complaints of worthless and vicious -negroes, whose word was taken before that of the white man. - -The "carpet-baggers" were unprincipled Northern men who came South after -the war—political adventurers and freebooters—to steal and plunder as -office-holders. The "scalawags" were native white men, many of them -skulkers and deserters during the war, who, like the "carpet-baggers," -sought political office—"apostates for the price of their apostasy." -They took sides against their kith and kin, fawning on the Northern -South-haters and traducers, joining in with the despoilers of the South, -"that thrift might follow fawning." - -And all these atrocities practiced by the North in the name of "liberty -and freedom," and, as it was often expressed, that, "treason might be -made odious." "Oh, Liberty, what crimes are enacted in thy name!" -Treason, indeed! Lee and Jackson "traitors"? Blistered be the tongue -that utters it. The brave men of the South who for four years fought as -never men fought before. "Traitors"? Palsied be the hand that writes it. -The charge of treason against the South is as black as the hearts that -conceived it, and as false as the tongues that uttered it. - -Henrich Heine, in speaking of England's banishment of Napoleon and his -death on the lonely island of St. Helena, says, "Brittania! thou art -queen of the ocean, but all great Neptune's ocean can not wash from thee -the stain that the great Emperor bequeathed thee on his deathbed." - -Well might it be said of the Washington Government, both during the war -and afterwards, that not all the waters of all the oceans can wash away -the stains of infamy practiced by it upon the South and her people. The -cruel torture of President Davis at Fortress Monroe is a "damned spot -that will not out," along with thousands of other acts, some of which I -have enumerated. - -A large majority of the Northern people were bitter enemies of the -South, vilifying and slandering the Southern people, and sought to -degrade and oppress them in many ways, but not all of them were so -disposed, and many others are beginning to see the heinousness and folly -of Reconstruction. - -A late Northern paper, the Brooklyn _Eagle_, says: "Under Reconstruction -the Republican party outlawed character, dispensed with fairness, -degraded decency, elevated ignorance and invested in barbarism, under -all the forms of politics which covered the fact of brigandage." A true -and just arraignment by a Northern man, it gives a true statement of -facts in a few words. - -No wonder, then, the great mass of the people of the South have stood -together for their section, and are political opponents of their -traducers and persecutors. - -There are, however, many just and good men at the North who were opposed -to the invasion of the South by the Northern armies and the waging of -that cruel war, who have, since the war, battled for the rights of the -South, and held in check, to some extent, that puritanical element -which, like the Pharisee, ascribes to itself all the virtue and -intelligence of the land. - -The original Puritans came to this country, as they said, to escape -persecution. I think the truth is, they left their native country for -that country's good. I have often thought that if the _Mayflower_ had -landed at the bottom of the ocean instead of on Plymouth Rock, it would -have been much better for this country. - -The New England Yankees are, in a large measure, responsible for the -events that brought on the war, and for the atrocities committed in the -South during and since the war. I don't believe the West and South would -ever have gone to war had it not been for this puritanical spirit of New -England. Envy is the ruling attribute of the Puritan; magnanimity is -foreign to the Puritan nature. One thing formerly practiced by the New -Englanders, they utterly failed to establish in this country. A good -thing it was too for the old women, or else many more of them might have -been burned, hanged or drowned as witches, as was done in New England -when the Puritan spirit prevailed in its undiluted state. - -The following is a copy of an old-time Massachusetts legal document, -reproduced here that early history may be perpetuated: - - * * * * * - - EXECUTION FOR WITCHCRAFT - - _"To George Corwin Gent'n, High Sheriffe of the County of Essex - Greeting:_ - -"Whereas Bridgett Bishop al's Olliver, the wife of Edward Bishop of -Salem in the County of Essex Lawyer at a speciall Court of Oyer and -Terminer held at Salem the second Day of this instant month of June for -the Countyes of Essex Middlesex and Suffolk before William Stoughton -Esque. and his associates of the said Court was Indicted and arraigned -upon five several Indictments for using practising and exerciseing on -the ... last past and divers other dayes and times the felonies of -Witchcraft in and upon the bodyes of Abigail Williams, Ann Puttnam ... -Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott and Elizabeth Hubbard of Salem Village ... -single women; whereby their bodyes were hurt, offlicted, pined, consumed -and tormented contrary to the forme of the statute in that case made and -provided. To which Indictm'ts the said Bridgett Bishop pleaded not -guilty and for Tryall thereof put herselfe upon God and her Country -whereupon she was found guilty of the Felonyes and Witchcrafts whereof -she stood indicted and sentence of Death accordingly passed ag't her as -the Law directs. Execution whereof yet remaines to be done. These are -therefore in the names of their maj'ties William and Mary now King and -Queen over England &c. to will and command That upon Fryday next being -the Tenth Day of this instant month of June between the hours of eight -and twelve in the aforenoon of the same day you safely conduct the s'd -Bridgett Bishop al's Olliver from their maj'ties Gaol in Salem afores'd -to the place of execution and there cause her to be hanged by the neck -untill she be dead and of your doings herein make returne to the clerk -of the s'd Court and of this pr'cept. And hereof you are not to faile at -your peril. And this shall be your sufficient warrant Given under my -hand & seal at Boston the eighth of June in the fourth year of the -reigne of our Sovereign Lords William and Mary now King and Queen over -England &c., Annoq'e Dom. 1692. - - "June 10, 1692. WM. STOUGHTON." - - * * * * * - -"According to the within written precept I have taken the body of the -within named Brigett Bishop out of their majesties goal in Salem and -safely conveighd her to the place provided for her execution and caused -y sd Brigett to be hanged by the neck untill she was dead and buried in -the place all which was according to the time within required and so I -make returne by me. - - "GEORGE CORWIN, - "Sheriff." - - * * * * * - -As before said, the sentiment at the North is changing in favor of the -South; many are beginning to learn the true history of the past and -present state of affairs, though the South still has its traducers and -slanderers there, for in this year of grace, 1907, a Sunday-school -magazine up North printed in its columns the following: "And when -General Lee invaded Pennsylvania, at the time of the battle of -Gettysburg, destruction and rapine followed in the wake of the invaders. -There was evil and misfortune at every turn." A bigger lie was never -told. A fouler slander was never uttered. - -The South, despite its enemies, is advancing rapidly in material -interests, and is destined to be the most prosperous portion of the -United States. "King Cotton" is coming to his throne again. The South -has always been the most chivalrous, conservative and American-like, -holding more closely to the traditions, customs, and manners of the old -days, where the high and unselfish principles of right, justice and -honor, which go to make up the true gentleman and patriotic citizen, -have always prevailed. The pure Anglo-Saxon blood still predominates in -the South, as well as the spirit of the cavalier. Blood will tell. - -The average Yankee has a very poor conception of what is right and -honorable in his transactions and intercourse with his fellow-man, and -very faint conceptions of those principles of right and justice which -are the same among men of honor, world without end. To drive a sharp -bargain, to get money no matter how, but to get money, and diffuse and -enforce his own ideas and notions, seem to be the _summa summorum_ of -all his ends—as witness the developments in the past few years of -rascality and thieving being brought to light at the North, as it exists -among the "great captains of finance," as they are wont to be called; I -think "great thieves" would be a much more suitable appellation. The -foundations of many of the great, overgrown fortunes at the North were -laid during the war by swindling and stealing by Government contractors, -and they are still at it. Graft, graft; fraud, fraud, everywhere and in -everything they touch. - -As before said, the South is coming to its own again. I firmly believe -the days of retribution will come when the evil deeds the North -perpetrated in the South during and since the war, will be avenged, not -in kind perhaps, but in some way. "The gods wait long, but they are just -at last;" their "mills grind slowly, but they grind exceeding fine." God -is just; His will be done. - -I have written much more than I anticipated in the beginning—the subject -and occurrences opened up the "cells where memory sleeps." The more I -wrote, the more I recalled. - -These reminiscences were commenced several years ago and virtually -completed last February. Since then they have been gone over, revised, -added to and some parts rewritten, and now on this, the 31st day of -December, in the year of our Lord, 1907, the last day of the year, are -completed. - - W. H. MORGAN - - - - - INDEX - - - Akers, P. B., 214, 217, 224, 233, 239, 267. - - Akers, W. L., 36. - - Albemarle Sound, 181. - - Allen, Chas., 205. - - Annandale, 87. - - Anglo-Saxon Blood, 279. - - Appomattox, 220, 266. - - Army of Northern Virginia, 49, 78, 168, 169, 170. - - Atkins, —— Lieut., 210. - - - Bailey, Allen, 205. - - Bailey, Harvey, 98. - - Bailey, Miffram, 112. - - Balls Bluff, 109. - - Balls Ford, 64. - - Balloons, 87, 133. - - Barber, Silas, 125. - - Bartow, —— Gen., 66, 67. - - Bateman, Abner, 184. - - Beauregard, G. T., 26, 36, 57, 64, 65, 66, 67, 95, 194, 195. - - Beaver Dam Creek, 134. - - Beckwith, H. C., 52. - - Bee, —— Gen., 64, 66, 67, 68. - - Bermuda Hundred, 193, 205. - - Black Horse Cavalry, 180. - - Blankenship, J. E., 37, 38. - - Blackburn's Ford, 51, 62, 64, 71, 72. - - Blackwater River, 159, 163. - - Blue Ridge, 68, 143. - - Bottom's Bridge, 117. - - Breckenridge, Jno. C., 206. - - Bonham, —— Gen., 59, 64, 71. - - Booth, J. Wilkes, 268. - - Boonsboro, Md., 37. - - Botetourt County, 39. - - Brigade, Barksdale's, 146. - - Brigade, Longstreet's, 50, 51, 62, 63, 64, 71, 85, 86. - - Brigade, A. P. Hill's, 102, 111. - - Brigade, Kemper's, 120, 125, 129, 133, 135, 145, 147, 150, 152, 153. - - Brigade, Terry's, 173, 180, 181, 194, 196, 206. - - Brigade, Corse's, 50, 164. - - Brigade, Gracie's, 197. - - Brigade, Heckman's, 202. - - Bright, Geo., 129. - - Brown, James A., 112, 214. - - Brown, W. L., 214. - - Brown, G. T., 214. - - Brown, —— Col. - - Brown, W. W., Col., 244. - - Bull Run, 33, 51, 63, 64, 92. - - Bumgardner, James, 266. - - Burks, Geo. A., 86, 165. - - Burnside, A. E., Gen., 143, 152. - - Burial at Sea, 252. - - Butler, B. F., Gen. (Beast), 193, 204. - - - Cabell, Geo C., 204. - - Callaham, H. M., 214. - - Carter, —— Capt., 87. - - Carpet Baggers, 272. - - Cary, Peter, 90. - - Carrington, Isaac H., 175. - - Centreville, 64, 66, 85, 92, 95. - - Chalmers, H. C., 94. - - Chalmers, —— Dr., 36. - - Chambersburg, Penn., 263. - - Chafin's Farm, 174. - - Chancellorsville, 163. - - Charleston, S. C., 231, 236. - - Chester Station, 156. - - Chess Club, 248. - - Chickahominy, 117, 128, 176. - - Chickamauga, Tenn., 176. - - City Point, 193, 250. - - Clark, Geo. Rodgers, 264. - - Clement, Adam, 17, 27, 36, 37, 38, 87, 96, 107, 116, 119, 141. - - Clement, Chas. A., 113. - - Clifton Grays, 17. - - Cold Harbor, 216. - - Cobb, —— Gen., 150. - - Cock, James, 127. - - Cock, Robt. M., 17, 25, 115, 214. - - Cocke, Phillip St. George, 64, 71. - - Company A., 36, 39, 40, 52, 208. - - Company B., 36, 39, 208. - - Company C., 37, 39, 87, 90, 96, 104, 112, 123, 130, 152, 158, 161, 181, - 182, 208. - - Company D., 36, 39, 161. - - Company E., 36, 39, 40, 56. 208. - - Company F., 36, 39, 55. - - Company G., 36, 39, 45, 55, 182. - - Company H., 36, 39, 47, 56, 130, 198. - - Company I., 40. - - Company K., 40, 208. - - Connelly, James A., 17, 95, 166. - - Confederate Soldiers, 34, 100. - - Confederate Women, 222. - - Cook, —— Capt., 187, 188, 189. - - Corps, Longstreet's, 49, 145, 176. - - Corps, Jackson's, 145. - - Corse, M. D., 50, 127. - - Creasy, G. A., 202. - - Crescent (ship), 232. - - Culpeper, 35, 143. - - - Daniel, Jno. W., 159. - - Darbytown, 118. - - Davis, Jefferson, 79, 268, 274. - - Davis, Thos. N., 53. - - Dearing, James, 186, 189, 190. - - Deaths on Ship, 253. - - De Priest, John, 205. - - Discipline in Army, 26, 218. - - Dickerson, H. Clay, 266. - - Dismal Swamp, 160. - - Division, Longstreet's, 120, 128, 134. - - Division, D. H. Hill's, 120, 128. - - Division, Whiting's, 135. - - Division, Pickett's, 145, 156, 164, 166. - - Dooly, Jno. H., 50. - - Douthat, R. W., 38. - - Drainesville, 93. - - Drury's Bluff, 175, 195. - - Dummy Cannon, 94. - - - Eads, H., 214. - - Early, Jubal A., 25, 57, 58, 64, 71, 263. - - Eli, —— Congressman, 82. - - Elliott, B. P., 57. - - Elliott, H. O., 140. - - Elzey, —— Gen., 69. - - Emancipation, 29. - - Evans, —— Gen., 64, 66. - - Ewell. R. S., 63, 71. - - - Falls Church, 87, 88, 90. - - Fairfax Court House, 86, 87, 92, 93. - - Fair Oaks, 119, 128. - - Fairfax, J. W., 136. - - Flags presented, 94. - - Flags, Yankee, 206. - - Floweree, 50. - - Fanning, J. W., 227. - - Farris, Benj., 112. - - Five Forks, 38. - - Fort Comfort, 188. - - Fort Delaware, 225, 231, 250, 253. - - Fort Fisher, 179. - - Fort Gregg, 239. - - Fort Magruder, 102, 109. - - Fort Monroe, 96, 274. - - Fort Pulaski, 243. - - Fort Sumter, 239. - - Fort Wagner, 239. - - Fort Warren, 187. - - Fort Wessels, 188. - - Fort Williams, 188. - - Foster, J. G., 245. - - Foulks, Henry, 37, 38, 126. - - Franklin, James, Jr., 183. - - Franklin, Saml. T., 91, 127, 162, 211. - - Franklin Station, 159, 162. - - Frazier's Farm, 138. - - Fredericksburg, 143, 145. - - Fulks, James, 53. - - Funston, David, 36, 37, 125. - - - Gaines' Hill, 134, 135. - - Garland, Saml., Jr., 36, 37, 56, 85, 107, 113, 114. - - Graft, 279. - - Garrett's Station, 193. - - "General Lee to the rear," 171. - - George, negro cook, 63. - - Gettysburg, 166. - - Gilliam, Ed. G., 91, 200. - - Gladys, 17. - - Goldsboro, N. C., 113, 157, 176, 172. - - Gracie, —— Gen., 197, 199, 200. - - Granberry, Jno. C., 36, 137. - - Greeley, Horace, 84. - - Grant, U. S., 26, 215, 219, 250, 257, 258. - - Grapevine dispatches, 180. - - Griffin's Battery, 76. - - Gunboat, "Albemarle," 187. - - Gunboat, "Bombshell," 188. - - Gunboat, "Miami," 188. - - Gunboat, "Patrick Henry," 175. - - Gunboat, "Southfield," 188. - - Guinea Station, 153. - - Gurney, Wm., 237. - - - Hairston, Peter, 50, 57, 58. - - Halleck, H. W., 260. - - Halsey, Don P., 266. - - Hankin's Battery, 197. - - Hanover Junction, 206, 215. - - Harrison, Carter H., 36, 37, 52, 56. - - Harrison's Landing, 138. - - Hambrick, Joe, Maj., 203. - - Harper's Ferry, 141. - - Haynes, Jim., 126. - - Hazel Run, 150. - - Hickman, —— Gen., 202. - - Hendricks, W. H., 140. - - Hickok, M. V. B., 126, 203. - - Hientzleman, —— Gen., 128. - - Hill, A. P., 101, 104, 105, 114, 120, 134. - - Hill, D. H., 120, 123, 124. - - Hilton Head, 227. - - Hobson, Jos. A., 17, 96. - - Hobson, W. H., 93. - - Hoke, R. F., 180, 189. - - Hoover, H. C., 227. - - Home Guard, 39, 45. - - Horton, Thos. B., 38, 210, 212, 214, 224, 232, 247. - - Hord, Jas. W., 38, 62. - - Horace, negro cook, 167, 214. - - Houston, D. Gardner, 37, 38, 161. - - Houston, Thomas, 38. - - Houston, A. M., 38, 151. - - Hospitals, 231. - - Hughes, Crockett, 112. - - Hutter, J. Risque, 36, 37, 130. - - Hutton, Eppa, 94. - - Howard's Grove, 118. - - - Jackson, T. J. (Stonewall), 33, 64, 68, 133, 141, 142, 163, 170. - - James River, 97, 193, 250. - - Jamison —— Capt., 37. - - Jeff Davis Rifles, 47. - - Johnston, Jos. E., 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 95, 96, 97, 99, 102, 110, 119, - 128, 266, 269. - - Johnson, Bushrod, 197. - - Johnson, Bradley T., 260. - - Jones, A. I., 38. - - Jones, Charles, 166. - - Jones, Lanious, 166. - - Jones, J. C., 167. - - Jones, J. T., 214. - - Jones, J. W., 214. - - Jones, R. H., 91. - - Jones, —— Gen., 63, 91. - - - Kabler, Fred., 214. - - Kabler, W. S., 214. - - Kasey, —— Gen., 128, 129. - - Kean, R. G. H., 36. - - Kemper, Jas. L., 50, 104, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 120, 124, 125, - 146. - - King's Landing, 97. - - Kinston, N. C., 157, 176, 191. - - Knoxville, Tenn., 176. - - - Lane, John, 154. - - Langhorne, M. S., 37, 125. - - Layne, David, 112. - - Latham, G. W., 38. - - Latham's Battery, 102. - - Lea, Jas. B., 102. - - Lee, Robt. E., 27, 101, 133, 134, 141, 150, 163, 166, 170, 193, 219, - 262. - - Lee, Fitz., 16. - - Letcher, John, 94. - - Linney, H. M., 86. - - Lincoln, Abe, 28, 29, 267, 268. - - Libby Prison, 203. - - Long, Tom, 76. - - Long Roll, 92. - - Longstreet, James, 50, 53, 60, 119, 122, 159, 169. - - Lucado, L. F., 36. - - Lyman, Geo. W., 93. - - Lynchburg, 25, 27, 31, 39. - - Lynchburg Rifles, 42. - - - Magruder, —— Gen., 97. - - Malvern Hill, 138. - - Manassas, 33, 35, 51, 65, 140. - - Manning, Van., 234. - - Marye, Morton, 50. - - Martin, Harvey, 140. - - Maryland Campaign, 140. - - Mayflower, 275. - - Marye's Hill, 148, 149. - - Masons Hill, 87, 90. - - Mason, M. M. (Boy), 166. - - Maury, R. F., 50, 200. - - Mayo, Joseph, 50. - - Measles, 86. - - McClellan, G. B., 95, 96, 97, 99, 102, 110, 133, 138. - - McDowell, —— Gen., 52, 61, 64, 65, 67. - - McLean's Ford, 63, 71. - - Mechanicsville, 133. - - Meem, J. Lawrence, 36, 123, 126. - - Milford Station, 208. - - Mitchell's Ford, 59, 64. - - Mitchell Robert M., Jr., 36, 209, 210. - - Monroe, William, 184. - - Monroe, John, 205. - - Monroe, W. T., 184. - - Moore, P. T., 50. - - Morgan, Richard, 17. - - Morgan, G. W., 25, 86, 227. - - Morgan, Dixie, 93, 154. - - Morgan, Robt. W., 140, 167, 103, 214. - - Morgan, J. L., 225, 269. - - Morgan, Taylor, 271. - - Morris Island, S. C., 227, 236. - - Munford, Wm., 50. - - Munson's Hill, 87. - - Murrell, Charles, 140. - - - Negro soldiers, 189, 221. - - Napoleon at Lodi, 171. - - New York Zouaves, 83. - - New England Yankees, 28, 29, 30, 31, 275. - - Norvell, George P., 214. - - Norton, —— Maj., 208, 209. - - North Anna River, 220. - - North Carolina, 157, 159, 176. - - North Western Territory, 263, 264. - - Neuse River, 157. - - New Berne, N. C., 158, 191. - - - Old, Robert, 257. - - Old Capitol Prison, 224. - - Organ, John, 112. - - Otey, Kirk, 37, 154, 196. - - - Palmer, G. W., 50. - - Pamlico Sound, 190. - - Patten, W. Tazwell, 50. - - Patterson, —— Gen., 67. - - Peninsular Campaign, 96, 100. - - Pennsylvania Campaign, 164. - - Petersburg, 101, 156, 157, 162, 176. - - Pigeon Run, 17. - - Pickett's Division, 145, 156, 164, 166, 169. - - Picket lines, 87, 89, 90, 93, 130, 160, 174, 181, 182. - - Pickett, George E., 145, 158, 197. - - Pillow, Daniel, 115, 126, 127, 166. - - Plymouth, N. C., 180. - - Port Royal, Va., 223. - - Port Royal, S. C., 236. - - Point Lookout, 224. - - Preston, Robert T., 25, 34, 73. - - Price, Leslie, 53. - - Prisoners escape, 236, 249. - - Prisoner of War, 215, 246. - - Prisoners, Exchange of, 250, 254, 257. - - Prison rations, 226, 237, 245. - - Prison life, 226. - - Prison rules, 230, 240. - - Prison guards, 244. - - Prison ships, 232, 250. - - Pryor, W. H., 50. - - Pryor, Roger A., 103. - - Puritans, 275. - - - Ransom, —— Gen., 150, 197. - - Rappahannock River, 143. - - Rebel yell, 70, 162. - - Reconstruction, 272. - - Reviews, 170. - - Retaliation, 232. - - Regiment, 28th Va., 25. - - Regiment, 1st Va., 50, 208. - - Regiment, 3d Va., 50. - - Regiment, 7th Va., 50, 104, 109, 203. - - Regiment, 11th Va., 36, 49, 50, 52, 85, 98, 104, 121, 123, 130, 152, - 200. - - Regiment, 17th Va., 50. - - Regiment, 24th Va., 5, 7, 71, 110, 181, 200. - - Regiment, 5th La., 9, 3, 110. - - Regiment, 8th Va., 109. - - Richmond, Va., 33, 97, 117, 195, 206, 269. - - Rickett's Battery, 76. - - Rice, Joe, 141. - - Rice, John, 141. - - Rice, W. A., 214. - - Rifle Grays, 39, 40. - - Rosser, Alford, 205. - - Rosser, Granville, 112. - - Rosser, Jabe R., 91, 96. - - Rosser, W. C., 127. - - Rosser, G. T., 91, 211. - - Rosser, Thos. L., 87. - - Roads, muddy, 100, 177. - - Roanoke River, 181. - - - Saunders, Robt. C., 37. - - Scalawags, 272. - - Sea, W. M. 212. - - Secession, Cause of, 27. - - Sea-sickness, 251. - - Seven Pines, 118. - - Seven Days' Fights, 133. - - Sharpsburg, Md., 140. - - Shenandoah River, 142. - - Sherman's Battery, 76. - - Sherman, W. T., 76, 224, 258, 261. - - Sherman's March, 259. - - Slavery, 29. - - Smith, J. Holmes, 38. - - Smith, G. W., 128. - - Smith, Kirby, 69, 266. - - Smithfield, N. C., 179. - - South Side Va., 156. - - Southern Confederacy, 146, 171. - - Southern Traducers, 278. - - Song, 227. - - Sperryville, 143. - - Spottsylvania C. H., 206, 218. - - Spoils of Battle, 80. - - Stars and Stripes, 131, 186. - - Stafford Heights, 143. - - Stigleman, C. M., 57. - - "Stone Wall" Sobriquet, 68. - - Stuart's Cavalry, 93. - - Stockade, 236. - - Stone Bridge, 64, 66. - - Sudley's Ford, 66. - - Suffolk, 159. - - - Tarboro, N. C., 180. - - Tar River, 180, 190. - - Taylor, W. H., Dr., 74. - - Taylorsville, Va., 163, 173. - - Terry, Wm. R., 50, 183, 199. - - Terrell, James, 125. - - The South, 278. - - Thornhill, G. W., Dr., 36, 56, 86, 119, 129, 165. - - Thornton's Gap, 143. - - Torbet's Cavalry, 209. - - Turpentine Orchards, 178. - - Tweedy, Bennett, 184. - - Tweedy, Dabney C., 166, 167. - - Tweedy, Smith P., 214. - - Tweedy, E. A., 214. - - Tweedy, F. C., 185. - - Tyler, E. B., 61. - - Tyree, Chas. H., 36.v - - Tybee Island, 243. - - - Under Fire of Confederate Guns, 238. - - Under Shelling, 71, 72. - - Upton's Hill, 87. - - - Virginia Dismembered, 263. - - V. M. I. Men, 39. - - Valley Forge, 101. - - - Walton, —— Col., 151. - - Walker, G. W., 205. - - Walthall, Isaac, 32. - - War, Conduct of, 258. - - Ward, Jno. C., 39. - - Washington Artillery, 59, 150. - - Washington City, 223. - - Washington, N. C., 190. - - Washington, George, 55. - - Water, Hot, 235. - - Weldon, N. C., 157, 176. - - West Point, Va., 99, 100. - - Wessels, —— Gen., 189. - - West Virginia, 263. - - Whitehead, Jno. D., 50. - - Whiting, —— Gen., 135, 194, 204. - - Williamsburg, 97, 101. - - Wilderness, 26, 143. - - Wilson, W. H., 112. - - Wilkerson, W. C. J., 214. - - Wilmington, N. C., 179. - - Winfree, C. V., 38. - - Winchester, 68, 142. - - Wise, Henry A., 174, 175. - - Witchcraft, 276. - - Withers, H. H., 17, 96. - - Withers, R. E., 73, 137. - - Withers, W. S., 119. - - Worms in food, 237. - - Wood, James, 125. - - Wood, John J., 112. - - Woody, Bruce, 205. - - Wray, James W., 214. - - - Yankee Flags, 206. - - Yankee Infamy, 255. - - Yeatman, Robert, 37, 38. - - Yorktown Lines, 97, 99. - - York River, 97, 99. - - - Zouaves, New York, 83. - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - -Transcriber's note: - -Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors. - -Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - -Deleted the word thousand on p. 138. - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR OF -1861-5*** - - -******* This file should be named 51838-0.txt or 51838-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/5/1/8/3/51838 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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text-align: left; padding-right: 1em; } - .c014 { vertical-align: top; text-align: right; } - .c015 { margin-top: .5em; } - div.tnotes { padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;background-color:#E3E4FA; - border:1px solid silver; margin:2em 10% 0 10%; } - .covernote { visibility: hidden; display: none; } - div.tnotes p { text-align:left; } - .covernote {visibility: hidden; display: none;} - @media handheld { .covernote { visibility: visible; display: block;} } - td.tdp {text-indent: 2em;} - .ph1, .ph2 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; } - .ph1 { font-size: xx-large; margin: .67em auto; } - .ph2 { font-size: x-large; margin: .75em auto; } - .sc {font-style: normal;} - - h1.pg { font-size: 190%; } - hr.full { width: 100%; - margin-top: 3em; - margin-bottom: 0em; - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; - height: 4px; - border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ - border-style: solid; - border-color: #000000; - clear: both; } - </style> -</head> -<body> -<h1 class="pg">The Project Gutenberg eBook, Personal Reminiscences of the War of 1861-5, -by W. H. (William Henry) Morgan</h1> -<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States -and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no -restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it -under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this -eBook or online at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you are not -located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this ebook.</p> -<p>Title: Personal Reminiscences of the War of 1861-5</p> -<p> In Camp--en Bivouac--on the March--on Picket--on the Skirmish Line--on the Battlefield--and in Prison</p> -<p>Author: W. H. (William Henry) Morgan</p> -<p>Release Date: April 23, 2016 [eBook #51838]</p> -<p>Language: English</p> -<p>Character set encoding: UTF-8</p> -<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR OF 1861-5***</p> -<p> </p> -<h4>E-text prepared by Richard Tonsing<br /> - and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> - (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br /> - from page images generously made available by<br /> - Internet Archive<br /> - (<a href="https://archive.org">https://archive.org</a>)</h4> -<p> </p> -<table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10"> - <tr> - <td valign="top"> - Note: - </td> - <td> - Images of the original pages are available through - Internet Archive. See - <a href="https://archive.org/details/personalreminisc00morg"> - https://archive.org/details/personalreminisc00morg</a> - </td> - </tr> -</table> -<p> </p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p> </p> - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'> <strong>Transcriber's Note:</strong></p> - -<p class='c000'> The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='ph1'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>PERSONAL REMINISCENCES</div> - <div>OF THE WAR OF 1861-65</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i004.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><span class='sc'>W. H. Morgan</span></p> -</div> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span> - <h1 class='c002'><span class='sc'>Personal Reminiscences of<br />the War of 1861-5</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/i005.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='large'>IN CAMP—EN BIVOUAC—ON THE MARCH—ON PICKET—ON</span></div> - <div><span class='large'>THE SKIRMISH LINE—ON THE</span></div> - <div><span class='large'>BATTLEFIELD—AND IN</span></div> - <div><span class='large'>PRISON</span></div> - <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'><span class='sc'>By</span> W. H. MORGAN</span></div> - <p> </p> - <p> </p> - <div class='c003'><span class='sc'>Lynchburg, Va.</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>J. P. Bell Company, Inc.</span></div> - <div><span class='fss'>1911</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_2'>2</span>Copyright, 1911</div> - <div><span class='sc'>By W. H. MORGAN</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span><span class='sc'>To the Memory of</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>"The Loved Ones at Home"</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>wife—father—mother</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>this book is tenderly and lovingly dedicated</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span> - <h2 class='c004'>PREFACE</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>I launch this little volume upon the great ocean -of books, craving the indulgence of the kind reader -for its shortcomings and imperfections, with the -hope that it will not be viewed with a critic's eye, -and that its imperfections may be charitably passed -by. I have endeavored to relate my experiences in -the great war of 1861-5 just as events occurred, as -if I were detailing them to family or friends in -private, or, as I have sometimes done in the past, at -gatherings of veterans and friends during the past -years.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The old huntsman delights to tell of his tracking -game in the snow, the chase through the woods and -fields of the fox, deer and bear; the old sailor spins -his yarns of the adventures and perils of the deep; -the old fisherman will sometimes tell a big fish tale, -and the old soldier is wont to join in with the rest -and tell of his life in camp and field. This last I -have endeavored to do in the following pages after -the lapse of many years. I might have spun out -the story much longer, but believing that brevity is -often the soul of writing, as well as of wit, I have -endeavored to "be brief and to the point."</p> - -<div class='c006'><span class='sc'>W. H. Morgan.</span></div> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><em>Floyd, Va.</em>, January 23, 1911.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span> - <h2 class='c004'>CONTENTS</h2> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_I'>Chapter I</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Personal—Organization—Roll of company.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_II'>Chapter II</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Enter the service—Trouble about arms.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_III'>Chapter III</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>On to Manassas—The 11th Regiment—The 1st Brigade.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_IV'>Chapter IV</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Battle of Blackburns Ford—The battle begins—The enemy -driven back—Incidents of the battle.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_V'>Chapter V</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Battle of First Manassas—General Johnston to the rescue—Gen. -Kirby Smith turns the tide of battle—The Rebel Yell—Under -shelling—The news of victory—The enemy not pursued—Gathering -the spoils.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_VI'>Chapter VI</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>To Centreville and Fairfax C. H.—Picket close to enemy—Exciting -times on picket—Back to Centreville—The fight at -Drainesville.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_VII'>Chapter VII</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Fall back from Centreville—The Peninsular campaign—Yorktown -lines evacuated—The battle of Williamsburg—"Give -it to them"—Into a hot fire—Colonel Garland wounded—Incidents -of the battle—Garland and Kemper promoted.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_VIII'>Chapter VIII</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Back to Richmond—Battle of Seven Pines—The brigade in -reserve—Into the fight at double-quick—Incidents of the -battle—On the picket lines.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_IX'>Chapter IX</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Seven days fights around Richmond—Battle of Gaines' Mill.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_X'>Chapter X</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Second Manassas and Maryland campaign—Sharpsburg—Back -to Virginia—From Winchester to Culpeper—To Fredericksburg.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XI'>Chapter XI</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The battle of Fredericksburg—Kemper's Brigade in reserve—Spectacular -scene—Behind Marye's Hill—Sharpshooting—At -home; sad loss.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XII'>Chapter XII</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>To Richmond, Chester Station and Petersburg—To North -Carolina—Back to Virginia at Suffolk—To Taylorsville—On -to join General Lee.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XIII'>Chapter XIII</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Pennsylvania Campaign—Gettysburg—Back to Virginia—General -Lee and the army of Northern Virginia.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XIV'>Chapter XIV</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>To Taylorsville—At Chafin's Farm—To North Carolina -again—Marching through swamps and sand—The capture of -Plymouth—Companies C and G have serious experience—Incidents -of the battle—The gunboat <em>Albemarle</em>—Col. James -Dearing wins promotion—On to Washington, N. C.—Newberne -again invested.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XV'>Chapter XV</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Back to Petersburg, Va.—Beast Butler—The battle of -Drewry's Bluff—General Gracie's courage—Into a heavy fire -at close range—Col. Richard F. Maury—Yankee brigade -captured—General Whiting's failure—The Yankee flags.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XVI'>Chapter XVI</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>To Milford and to capture—Prisoner of war—On to Washington—To -Fort Delaware.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XVII'>Chapter XVII</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>To Fort Delaware—Short Rations—Song—Prison rules.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XVIII'>Chapter XVIII</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Off for Charlestown—Alleged retaliation—On shipboard—Run -aground—Short of water—In stockade—Under fire—Prison -rules.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XIX'>Chapter XIX</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>To Fort Pulaski—Rotten cornmeal and pickled rations—A -plot laid.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XX'>Chapter XX</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Back to Fort Delaware—Disappointment and great suffering—Deaths -on ship and burials at sea.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XXI'>Chapter XXI</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Yankee infamy—Conduct of the war—Sherman's march -through Georgia—The dismemberment of Virginia.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XXII'>Chapter XXII</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Lee's surrender—Lincoln's assassination—Out of prison -and at home.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'><a href='#CHAPTER_XXIII'>Chapter XXIII</a></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Reconstruction and since.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span> - <h2 class='c004'>INTRODUCTION</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>When I first undertook to write my war experiences, -I had no thought of ever publishing what I -wrote. It was only intended as a family paper, -written at the solicitation of my children.</p> - -<p class='c000'>If I had undertaken to write a history of -Kemper's Brigade, or the Eleventh Regiment, or -even of the Clifton Grays (Company C), the story -would have been far less personal than are these -"Personal Reminiscences," and doubtless more -interesting to others, but of less interest to those for -whom the sketches were originally designed.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This is my apology for using the personal pronoun -so often, and referring so frequently to those -who were nearest and dearest to me, all of whom—wife, -father, mother, and brothers—have passed -away, and I am left al—— no, not alone; I have -friends and old comrades still living whom I esteem -highly and who I am sure esteem me, and children -and grandchildren whom I love and who I know -love me.</p> - -<p class='c000'>And it was but natural that I should desire to -transmit to these last, recollections of those nearest -and dearest to me, and of the comrades in arms with -whom I was most intimately and closely connected -during those years of blood and strife.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>If I had undertaken to give in detail all the brave -deeds performed by the men of Company C, and -those who made up the Eleventh Regiment and -Kemper's Brigade, this book would have been much -larger than it is.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankees had a custom of promoting men -from the ranks for brave conduct on the field of battle. -If this custom had prevailed in the Confederate -army, as I have often remarked, there would have -been more officers than privates in that army; for -no army ever had so many men so deserving and -so capable of being officers. Having, at the solicitation -of friends, determined to publish my <span class='sc'>Reminiscences</span>, -I now have only to say as to the following -pages. "What I have written I have written," -and will let it go at that; trusting that old comrades -who may read this book will find therein something -to remind them that they were "there or thereabout," -and that they and their sons and daughters -may find something to interest, if not something -entertaining, and perchance instructive to the young.</p> - -<p class='c000'>To those who may be disposed to criticize the -accuracy of dates and incidents, and doubtless there -are inaccuracies and errors, too, I beg them to -remember that nearly fifty years have passed over -all our "memory boxes" since these war scenes were -enacted, and that the events herein related are from -my viewpoint and place on the stage of action, and -that they saw and heard many things I did not see -nor hear, and vice versa.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>Any one who has heard witnesses testify in court -as to a personal difficulty between two men, if only -a common assault and battery case, or a more -serious encounter with knives and pistols, know that -no two will tell exactly the same story; so it is with -war stories. We all did not see and hear and feel -alike at the same time and place. What impressed -one and fixed an event or date indelibly on the mind, -did not impress another. And now "I don't remember," -"I forget," "I was there, but don't recollect," -are common expressions heard from old soldiers -when they meet and talk over the old, old times.</p> - -<p class='c000'>To all comrades of Company C and all the other -companies of the Eleventh Virginia and of -Kemper's Brigade and Pickett's Division, Longstreet's -Corps, and the army of Northern Virginia, -to whom these greetings may come, I extend the -right hand of comradeship most heartily. We -marched and camped and bivouacked and fought -together. We suffered and sacrificed all save honor, -and thousands of our comrades died for a cause -which we knew and still know was just and right -and holy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>And know ye that we will not be forgotten as -long as truth and chivalry shall live upon the earth, -and that generations yet unborn will be proud to -trace their genealogy back to the men who fought -under Lee and Jackson.</p> - -<p class='c000'>And now, old comrades, good-bye, and may God -bless you all. At a reunion some years ago, I heard -<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>a veteran say, "God will never send an old Confederate -soldier to hell!" My prayer is that none of -them may ever go, or be sent to that bad place; -but let us not forget that, "By grace are ye saved, -through <em>faith</em> in Jesus Christ."</p> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span></div> -<div class='ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div><span class='sc'>Personal Reminiscences of the War of 1861-5</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>—In Camp—En Bivouac—On the March—</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>On Picket—On the Skirmish Line</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>—On the Battlefield—and in</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>Prison.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_I' class='c004'>CHAPTER I<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Personal—Organization—Roll of Company</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>After a lapse of more than forty years, I here -record brief sketches of my experiences as a Confederate -soldier, beginning about the 1st of May, -1861, and ending the 21st day of May, 1865, and -some things since. Many of the occurrences herein -related remain indelibly fixed on my memory through -all these years and can never be effaced.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The scenes and events of the battles are burned -into the faculty of recollection so deep that they -remain more firmly fixed than any other events in -my experience. Amidst the rush and roar and crash -of battle, every fibre of the brain is intensified and -highly wrought, and receives the scenes and events -of the hour with the accuracy and permanency of -the camera.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As to many of the dates, marches and camps, my -memory has been refreshed by memoranda and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>data collected during the years, since the close of -that memorable struggle, and by the perusal of wartime -letters, and some assistance from old comrades.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have headed these sketches "Personal Reminiscences," -which I have designed to be a simple -narrative of what I saw, heard and felt, without -any desire to recount deeds of my own; but rather, -at the solicitation of my children and others, that -they may know something of my comrades and that -I may leave to those who come after me some -record of the part, inconspicuous as it was, which I -took in that fierce and bloody conflict, my reasons, -therefor, and my convictions and actions since. -These things alone have prompted me to undertake -this task.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I find already that the personal pronoun will -appear in the narrative much oftener than I would -wish. This seems unavoidable, according to the -plan and scope designed.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I read sometime ago Gen. Fitzhugh Lee's life of -Gen. Robt. E. Lee. When the book was finished, I -remarked that I had a higher opinion of Fitz Lee -than ever before, for the reason that his modesty -caused him to leave himself out of the book, only -a few times mentioning Fitz Lee's Brigade or -Division incidentally, showing him to be a great -man. I would like to do likewise, but this will be -impossible.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span> - <h3 class='c007'>ORGANIZATION AND ROLL OF COMPANY</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>In the year 1860, at Pigeon Run—now Gladys, -Campbell County, Va.,—near where I was born and -reared, the young men of the neighborhood, catching -the military spirit that swept over the State and -South immediately after the John Brown raid at -Harper's Ferry the year before, organized a -volunteer infantry company, "The Clifton Grays," -named after a small stream near by, the name being -suggested by my father, the late Richard Morgan.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the organization of the company, Adam -Clement was elected captain; Jos. A. Hobson, first -lieutenant; H. H. Withers, second lieutenant; Jas. -A. Connelly, third lieutenant, and R. M. Cock, -fourth lieutenant. When mustered into service only -three lieutenants were allowed. I was elected -orderly sergeant, which position I preferred at that -time.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The following is as complete a roll of the company -as I have been able to make up from memory, -and by the aid of old comrades from the beginning -to the end:</p> - -<h4 class='c009'>CAPTAIN</h4> - -<p class='c008'>Adam Clement; promoted to major; wounded -and disabled at Sharpsburg, Md.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span> - <h4 class='c009'>LIEUTENANTS</h4> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Jos. A. Hobson; retired at the end of the first -year.</p> - -<p class='c000'>H. H. Withers; retired at the end of first year.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jas. A. Connelly; missing at Gettysburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jabe R. Rosser.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Robt. M. Cock; captured at Five Forks, Va.</p> - -<h4 class='c009'>ORDERLY SERGEANT</h4> - -<p class='c008'>W. H. Morgan; promoted to first lieutenant and -captain; captured at Milford, Va., May 21, 1864.</p> - -<h4 class='c009'>SERGEANTS</h4> - -<p class='c008'>Thos. M. Cock; promoted to orderly sergeant; -died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>E. M. Hobson; detailed as regimental ordinance -sergeant.</p> - -<p class='c000'>E. G. Gilliam; badly wounded at Five Forks, Va.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Geo. Thomas Rosser.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Robt. M. Murrell.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Geo. W. Morgan; died since war.</p> - -<h4 class='c009'>CORPORALS</h4> - -<p class='c008'>Ed. A. Tweedy; captured at Milford, on the -21st of May, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>G. A. Creacy; wounded at Drewry's Bluff, May -16, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>Chas. A. Clement; promoted to orderly sergeant; -captured at Five Forks, April 5, 1865; died since -war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>W. T. Tynes; killed at Five Forks, Va.</p> - -<p class='c000'>W. H. Hendricks; killed at Second Manassas, -August 30, 1862.</p> - -<h4 class='c009'><em>Privates</em></h4> - -<p class='c008'>Allen, Chas.; killed at Drewry's Bluff, May 16, -1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Allen, Reuben; died since the war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Brooks, John J.; died since the war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Bailey, Allen; killed at Drewry's Bluff, April -16, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Bailey, Miffram; killed at Williamsburg, May -5, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Bailey, Harvey; died near Yorktown, April, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Bateman, Abner; wounded at Plymouth, N. C., -April 18, 1864; died since the war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Barber, Silas; killed at Seven Pines, May 31, -1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Brown, Geo. A.; captured at Milford.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Brown, Jas. A.; captured at Milford.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Brown, W. Lee; wounded at Gettysburg and Milford -on the 21st of May, 1864, and captured; dead.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Bell, Geo. W.; lost arm near Petersburg on -March 30, 1865.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Blankenship, Chas. E.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Blankenship, Leslie C.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Cocke, Jas. B.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>Clement, Geo. W.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Creacy, Thos. C.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Caldwell, Daniel R.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Caldwell, Samuel; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Cary, Peter.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Callaham, Moses H.; captured at Milford, on -21st of April, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Callaham, Chas. M.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dunnavant, Lee.</p> - -<p class='c000'>DePriest, Jno. R.; killed at Drewry's Bluff, May -16, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Daniel, John A; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Eads, Hairston; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Eads, William.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Elliott, Robt. A.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Elliott, H. O.; color sergeant; killed at Second -Manassas.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Franklin, Samuel T.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Franklin, Edmond L.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Farris, Benjamin; killed at Williamsburg, May -5, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Frazier, John B.; now blind.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gardner, John.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Hobson, W. H.; mortally wounded at Dranesville, -Va., January, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Hobson, Nathaniel R.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Hughes, Andy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Hughes, Crockett; killed at Williamsburg, May -5, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Harvey, Richard C.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>Hall, Stephen; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Harvey, Thos. W.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Hendricks, Joseph.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Holcome, Ellis H.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Robt. H.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Geo. W.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Joshua.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Jas. T.; captured at Milford, April 21, -1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, J. Wesley; captured at Milford, April 21, -1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Chas.; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Walker; wounded at Gettysburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Jas. Chap.; lost arm at Gettysburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Linneous; killed at Gettysburg, July 3, -1863.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Robt. W.; wounded at ——.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jones, Jasper; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jennings, Monroe; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Kabler, Fred; captured at Milford, April 21, -1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Kabler, W. S.; captured at Milford, April 21, -1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Kabler, Jack.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Kelley, Len.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Keenan, John; detailed as drummer.</p> - -<p class='c000'>LeGrand, Peter A.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Layne, David; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, -1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Layne, John; died near Fredericksburg, January -1863.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>Layne, Miffram; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Morgan, Robt. W.; wounded at Second Manassas -and Gettysburg; captured at Milford; dead.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Moorman, Thos. E.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Martin, James; detailed as cook; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Monroe, John; killed at Drewry's Bluff, May 16, -1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Monroe, William; killed at Plymouth, April -18, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Monroe, William T.; captured at Milford, May -21, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Martin, Henry; killed at Second Manassas, -August 30, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Murrell, Chas.; killed at Second Manassas, -August 30, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Moore, Richard; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Murrell, Emory.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Matthews, William; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Mason, Maurice M., Jr.; killed at Gettysburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Miles, Chas.; shot accidentally; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Organ, Jas.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Organ, John; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, -1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pillow, Daniel; missing at Gettysburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pillow, William; detailed as cook.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Puckett, John; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Phillips, Thornton; died in service.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pugh, James.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pugh, Nat.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Quilly, Michael.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>Rosser, Walter C.; wounded at Williamsburg -and Drewry's Bluff.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Rosser, Alfred S.; killed at Drewry's Bluff.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Rosser, Granville; killed at Williamsburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Rosser, Thos. W.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Rosser, John W.; captured at Five Forks.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Rice, Joe; killed at Sharpsburg, September, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Roberts, Pleasant; deserter.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Rice, Alec W.; captured at Milford; died in -prison; buried at Arlington.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Terrell, James; killed at Seven Pines, May 31, -1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tweedy, G. Dabney; killed at Gettysburg, July -3, 1863.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tweedy, Bennett; killed at Plymouth, July 18, -1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tweedy, Ferdinand.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tweedy, Joseph; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tweedy, Robt. C.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Walthall, Isaac; company commissary; died -since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Walker, Geo. W.; mortally wounded at Drewry's -Bluff.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Wood, Wash. W.; killed near Petersburg, 1865.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Woody, Bruce; killed at Drewry's Bluff, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Wood, John; killed at Williamsburg, May 5, -1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Watkins, James L.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Woodall, Jno. J.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Wilkerson, W. A.; captured at Milford, May -21, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>Williams, Whit B.; wounded at Williamsburg; -dead.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Wilson, Wm. H.; killed at Williamsburg, May -5, 1862.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Withers, W. S.; detailed as hospital steward.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Wingfield, W. H.; died since war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Wood, James; killed at Seven Pines.</p> - -<p class='c000'>No doubt several names have been omitted, and -others were killed or died from wounds and disease -not now remembered. It has been impossible to -give the number and names of all the killed and -wounded in the battles in which the company was -engaged. From three to five wounded to one killed -is about the average, I think.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One man on this roll has "deserter" written after -his name. He was a good soldier while with the -company. Unfortunately he was a <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">nullius filus</span></i>; I -suppose he thought he had nothing to fight for. -We heard later he went to Ohio, where he drove a -stage during the war. I have never heard of him -since.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I wish I could mention by name each one of these -men, what they did, and how faithfully they served -their country; but time and space and lack of memory -as to many interesting incidents will not permit -this. I can only say that, with very few exceptions, -they were good and faithful soldiers.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The uniform of the company was steel-gray, with -cap of same color.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_II' class='c004'>CHAPTER II<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Enter the Service—Trouble about Arms—Cause<br /> of Secession</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>The company was drilled from time to time, but -was not armed until it entered the service about the -1st of May, 1861, at Lynchburg, Va., enlisting for -one year. It was mustered into service by (then) -Col. Jubal A. Early, as one of the ten companies -of the Twenty-eighth Regiment of Virginia -Infantry, Col. Robt. T. Preston, commanding. At -that time there were about eighty-five men in the -company, made up of the young men from several -miles around Pigeon Run. I had one brother, Geo. -W., called "Coon"; a brother-in-law, Robt. M. -Cocke, and many kinsmen and connections in the -company; the young Joneses, the Hobsons, the -Baileys, and others were relations of myself or wife. -We were all friends and neighbors, and many were -former schoolmates. Most of them young unmarried -men, many in their teens. I had been -married not quite five months when the war came -on.</p> - -<p class='c000'>None of the officers or men had any military -education, but little training in drilling and none in -camp life, and were all, officers and men, quite green -and inexperienced in military affairs generally. But -we all knew how to handle guns and how to shoot -straight.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>These young men made as brave and faithful -soldiers as any in the army; always ready to do -their duty, to go wherever ordered; standing firm -in action. But I think none of them liked to fight -just for the fun of it; I did not for one, I well know. -It was of this class of men that the army of -Northern Virginia was made up.</p> - -<p class='c000'>That army was composed of the very pick and -flower of the Southern youth, and made a name and -fame that will live always.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the beginning of the war, at Manassas, Gen. -G. T. Beauregard issued a general order, in which -he said that strict military rules of discipline would -not be enforced, that the general commanding would -depend upon the good breeding of the men, rather -than harsh military discipline, to insure good order -and efficiency in the army. This kind of discipline -prevailed all through the war. General Grant soon -after he met Lee in the Wilderness said in a dispatch -to Washington that the Rebel army was very hard -to drive, so well was it disciplined. It was not -discipline that made this army so effective, but -rather the courageous and patriotic spirit of the men -who carried the guns.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>TROUBLE ABOUT ARMS</h3> - -<p class='c008'>As before said, the company had not been armed -up to the time of enlistment. The company was -organized as a rifle company; we expected to be -armed with the "Mississippi Rifle."</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>Soon after we got to Lynchburg it was learned -that rifles could not be procured, the only arms -available being old flint-lock muskets changed to -percussion. All guns in those days were muzzle-loaders; -the breech-loaders had not been invented.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We were much disappointed, and many of the -men very much disgruntled, at the prospects of -going to war with those antiquated, cumbersome -and inferior arms. Other companies were in the -same predicament, and many of the men threatened -to disband and go home. The companies had not -yet been mustered into service. It was a very -critical time in the military experience of all. The -companies were formed in line and addressed by -some of their officers. Captain Clement made a -speech to his company, and I spoke briefly and earnestly -to my comrades, telling them that the State -of Virginia was doing the very best she could to -arm and equip her soldiers, that they might go forth -to meet the invaders of her sacred soil; that it was -our duty to go to the front with the best arms available, -even if armed with nothing but "rocks and -sticks," and closed by calling on every man who was -willing to go to war under the existing circumstances -to follow. I marched out through the camp; -the whole company following.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE CAUSE OF SECESSION</h3> - -<p class='c008'>I had fully determined if the company disbanded -to join another immediately, as I knew it was the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>duty of every son of Virginia to enlist under her -banner when called. I have never been of any -other mind since, and if it were all to do over again -I should act in the same manner. I never thought -of deserting to the enemy during the war nor since. -While I was not an original secessionist and voted -for the Union candidates for the Convention, yet -when the North determined to wage war on the -South; when Lincoln called on Virginia for her -quota of troops to coerce the seceding States, and -when Virginia seceded, it did not take me two -seconds to cast my lot with Virginia and the other -Southern States. Here I took my stand then, now -and forever, and will never give aid in any way to -those who were enemies to my State and section, -many of whom are still haters and traducers of the -Southern people, the avowed purpose at the close -of the war being to put the negro, the late slave, -over the white people of the South, to rule and -govern as brave and chivalrous a people as ever lived -on God's green earth. To make the highest type of -the Anglo-Saxon subject to the African! Ye gods! -What a crime was attempted! And for a time the -outrage was in force. This, if nothing else, justified -the South in its attempt at separation from the -North. The people of the South had gotten tired -of the sectional and domineering, hectoring spirit of -the North, especially the New England Yankees, -manifested in many ways before the war, and determined -to sever the bonds that bound them together; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>peacefully if they could, forcibly if they must. -They did not want war, but the North forced the -issue. The question of slavery in the Southern -States was not an issue at the beginning of the war, -as many believe.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the presidential election of 1860, the right of -the slaveholder to take his slaves—property recognized -by the Constitution and laws of the land—into -the territories, was an issue made by the Republican -party, but no question as to slavery where it already -existed, was involved. On the other hand, Lincoln, -in his inaugural address on the 4th of March, 1861, -expressly declared that he had no authority to interfere -with slavery in the States, and no intention of -doing so. And not until the promulgation of Lincoln's -emancipation proclamation, which went into -effect on the 1st of January, 1863, made without -shadow of right or law, and in direct violation of -his solemn declaration and oath of office, was this -issue raised, as a war measure, to strengthen the -Union cause, which was then on the wane, among -the abolitionists at home and abroad. The New -England Yankees, who first imported the negro to -America, and who had sold their slaves to the -Southern planters, because slave labor was unprofitable -at the North, and who had engaged in the -African slave trade until this was prohibited by law, -at the instigation of the South and against the -protest of New England shipping interests which -was largely engaged in the African slave trade, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>had become rabid abolitionists, now demanded -emancipation as the price of their loyalty to the -Union cause.</p> - -<p class='c000'>France had all the while been friendly inclined -towards the South, and was urging England to join -her in the recognition of the Southern Confederacy -as an independent nation. England, who had years -before abolished slavery in all her provinces, and -was known to be a nation of abolitionists, was now -appealed to, and urged to stand for emancipation -in not recognizing the independence of the South. -The cotton factories of England were closed, the -Southern ports being blockaded, the operatives were -clamoring for work or food; bread riots prevailed -in the manufacturing cities, the people urging the -recognition of the South, so that the ports could be -opened and cotton, work, and food procured.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Henry Ward Beecher and other abolitionists went -to England, faced and spoke to these howling mobs, -appealing to them in behalf of the Union cause and -the Southern slaves. Not so much, I opine, for the -good of the slaves as for the success of the Union -cause. They all knew if the Southern ports were -opened the South would be victorious.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These are the true facts and the reasons for Lincoln's -emancipation proclamation, as I verily believe, -and well known at the time. New England was -always jealous of the South, opposed everything -that would extend the influence and power of the -Southern States: fought bitterly the acquisition -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>of the Louisiana territory and also the annexation -of Texas, because it would tend to destroy the -"balance of power," as they called it; and one of -these states, Massachusetts, threatened to withdraw -from the Union, boldly claiming the right so to do. -As all know, New England was the manufacturing -section of the country—the South, the agricultural -section. New England wanted to control the policy -of the government as to the tariff, and thereby protect -their industries, and could not brook the extension -of Southern influence and power against their -protection policy. They still to this day maintain -this policy, but now we are beginning to hear the -rumblings of discontent in the West, and I am -curious to know what will be the result. I know -one thing—that the Yankees of New England will -hold on to their pet policies, "like grim death to a -dead nigger." What the great West will do, future -events only can develop. The North has held the -West in political slavery, by abusing and vilifying -the South, and by waving the "bloody shirt"; but -that old rag is about worn out. I repeat, I am -curious to know the result, and want to live to see -the end of it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We remained in Lynchburg until about the 1st of -June, 1861, doing camp duty and drilling. Several -of the company, including my brother and myself, -had negro cooks the first year, after which, few, if -any, remained, except ours, who stayed until the -last. Rations became too scarce to divide with -<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>cooks, so the men did their own cooking, forming -messes of from four to six and eight men to a -mess, cooking by turns when in camp. We also -had two or three company cooks detailed from the -company, who did much of the cooking when not -in permanent camp, one of whom, Isaac Walthall, -acted as company commissary, drawing the rations -from the regimental commissary and distributed -them to the messes, when in camp, or cooking them -and distributing to men when in line of battle or -near the enemy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Our camp equipments, as far as cooking facilities -were concerned, were very poor, and never much -better.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At first, we had only sheet-iron pans and boilers, -called camp kettles, which did very well for boiling -beef, but the sheet-iron pans were very poor for -baking bread and frying meat. No wonder the biscuits -were called "sinkers," being burned on the outside, -tough and clammy through and through. We -afterwards got ovens and skillets, "spiders," as the -Tar Heels called them, and had better bread. We -were in camp in a grove west of College Hill, which -was afterwards the fair grounds, and is now Miller -Park.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_III' class='c004'>CHAPTER III<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>On to Manassas—The Eleventh Regiment—The<br /> First Brigade</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>About the 1st of June, 1861, the regiment was -ordered to Manassas, which name afterwards became -historic as a great battle-ground. The first -battle of Bull Run, on the 18th of July, 1861, and -the ground on which the first battle of Manassas -was fought on the 21st of July, 1861, and the -second battle of Manassas on the 30th of August, -1862, are all in close proximity, and General Jackson, -a few days before the last-named fight, by a -bold movement captured the place, which was then -Pope's dépôt of supplies, burning what his soldiers -could not eat and carry off, which no doubt was a -plenty.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The place was occupied by one side or the other -during nearly the whole war, being, in the beginning, -considered a strategic point in the defence of Richmond -by the Confederates, and for the defence of -Washington and for the advance on Richmond by -the Yankees.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At Lynchburg we had no equipments except the -old muskets, no belts, cartridge or cap boxes, only -some little cotton-cloth bags such as mothers make -children to gather chinquapins in, little tin shop-made -<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>canteens, home-made haversacks of cotton -cloth or cheap oilcloth, home-made knapsacks of -poor material and very cumbersome, the latter -packed full of clothes, hair-brushes and shoe-brushes, -needle cases, and many other little tricks -which mothers, wives, and sweethearts made for -their soldier boys. Many of these things were -superfluous and were not carried after the first year -of the war; for the next three years about all a -Confederate soldier carried was his gun, cartridge -and cap box, a blanket, an oilcloth captured from -the Yankees, and an extra shirt—very often not the -latter.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Many a Confederate soldier has taken off his -shirt, washed it, hung it on a bush, lying in the -shade until it was dry. He also carried a haversack -which was often empty.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There was considerable excitement when it was -known we were to go to the front, to meet the -enemy; hasty preparations were made, tents were -struck, which, with the cooking utensils and all camp -equipment, were sent to the dépôt for shipment.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the appointed hour the regiment, with Colonel -Bob Preston mounted on his big nicked-tailed bay -horse, handsomely caparisoned, at its head, marched -through the city down to the Orange & Alexandria -Railroad, now the Southern. The streets were lined -with people, the men cheering, the ladies waving -their handkerchiefs to the soldiers as they marched -in proud array to martial music—the fife and drum. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>Boarding the train, in box cars, we rolled away -to the seat of war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The train was stopped at Culpeper Court House, -the troops detrained, and marched out into a field -northwest of the town and prepared to go into -camp; very much disappointed that we had been -stopped before reaching Manassas. I remember it -was a very windy day, and we had great difficulty -in raising the tents. Before this was fully accomplished, -orders came to strike tents at once, board -the cars and hurry on to Manassas. The rumor -was that the Yankees were advancing on Manassas -and we were to rush forward as fast as possible, to -meet and drive them back. All was now bustle and -excitement; in an incredible short time the tents -were struck, rolled up, taken to the dépôt, placed on -the cars, and the regiment was soon off again for -the front. Of course, discussion as to the probability -of soon being in a battle went on as we sped -along.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Up to this time, no cartridges had been issued to -the men; some cases or boxes of ammunition were -now placed aboard each car, but were not opened. -The men were very anxious to be supplied with -cartridges, fearing the Yankees would be on us before -the boxes could be opened and the guns loaded.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In due time, the train reached Manassas without -running into the enemy or the enemy running into -us. It was said a scouting party had come out from -the Yankee lines near Alexandria, and hence the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>false alarm which caused our hasty and exciting -exit from Culpeper.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The regiment went into camp at Manassas station, -a short distance to the right of the railroad, where -we remained for about two weeks, drilling and doing -guard duty around the camp and at General -Beauregard's headquarters not far away. Not long -before the first battle, Captain Clement's company, -and Captain Hutter's company from Lynchburg, -were transferred to the Eleventh Virginia Regiment, -commanded by Colonel Samuel Garland, Jr., -of Lynchburg, a V. M. I. man, and a fine officer. -In the regiment there were already three companies -from Lynchburg and one from Campbell County.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The Eleventh Regiment, which was camped immediately -on the north side of the railroad, just west -of the dépôt, was now composed of ten companies, -with the following named field and staff officers -and company commanders:</p> - -<p class='c000'>Colonel, Sam Garland, Jr., of Lynchburg; Lieut.-Colonel, -David Funston, of Alexandria; Major, Carter -H. Harrison, of Lancaster County; Adjutant, -J. Lawrence Meem; Sergeant Major, Chas. A. -Tyree; Chaplain, Rev. J. C. Granberry; Surgeon, -Dr. G. W. Thornhill; Assistant Surgeon, Dr. -Chalmers; Quarter-Master, R. G. H. Kean; Commissary, -L. F. Lucado; Commissary Sergeant, W. L. -Akers.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>Company A, Capt. Morris S. Langhorne; Company -B, Capt. Robert C. Saunders; Company C, -Capt. Adam Clement; Company D, Capt. D. -Gardner Houston; Company E, Capt. J. E. Blankenship; -Company F, Capt. Henry Foulks; Company -G, Capt. Kirk Otey; Company H, Capt. J. Risque -Hutter; Company I, Capt. —— Jamison; Company -K, Capt. Robert Yeatman.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Colonel Garland was promoted to brigadier-general -in May, 1862, and was killed at Boonsboro -Mountain, Md., in September, 1862. Lieutenant-Colonel -Funston succeeded Colonel Garland in -command of the regiment, and was disabled by -wounds at Seven Pines, on the 30th of May, 1862, -and retired from the service; he was later elected -to the Confederate Congress, and I think still later -was in the service again. Major Harrison was -mortally wounded at Bull Run, July 18, 1861. -Captain Langhorne succeeded him as major and was -afterwards promoted lieutenant-colonel. He was -disabled by wounds at Seven Pines on the 30th of -May, 1862, and never returned to the army.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Captain Clement was promoted to major just before -the Seven Pines fight, was disabled at the battle -of Sharpsburg, Md., the 17th of September, 1862, -while in command of the regiment, and never returned -to the field.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Captain Saunders retired at the end of the first -year, and was afterwards in the commissary department -as collector of tax in kind.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>Captain Houston was killed at Gettysburg on the -3d of July, 1863.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Captain Blankenship retired at the battle of Blackburn's -Ford on the 18th of July, 1861; he secured -a position in the engineering corps, I think.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Captain Foulks was killed at Seven Pines. I was -in a few feet of him when he was shot dead.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Captain Yeatman resigned.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Lieut. G. W. Latham succeeded Captain Langhorne -in command of Company A, and he was succeeded -by Lieut. Robt. M. Mitchell, Jr. Lieut. Thos. -B. Horton succeeded Captain Saunders of Company -B, and I succeeded Captain Clement of Company C; -Lieut. Thos. Houston succeeded his brother, D. G. -Houston, of Company D; Lieut. C. V. Winfrey -succeeded Captain Blankenship of Company E; -Lieut. Robt. W. Douthat succeeded Captain Foulks -of Company F; Lieut. J. Holmes Smith succeeded -Captain Otey of Company G; Lieut. Jas. W. Hord -succeeded Captain Hutter of Company H; Lieut. -A. I. Jones, I think, succeeded Captain Jamison of -Company I; Lieut. Andrew M. Houston, a brother -of the other Houstons already mentioned, succeeded -Captain Yeatman of Company K; Captain Otey -was promoted to major, lieutenant-colonel and -colonel. Captain Hutter was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, -and was in command of the regiment at the -battle of Five Forks on the 5th of April, 1865, when -he and nearly all of the regiment were captured.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>Capt. C. V. Winfrey, of Company E, was afterwards -succeeded by Lieut. John C. Ward. Several -of these officers were V. M. I. men, as I now remember, -as follows: Garland, Harrison, Otey, -Hutter, Blankenship, Ward, D. G. Houston, and -perhaps others.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company G, the old "Home Guard," was the -crack company of the regiment. Company A, the -"Rifle Grays," also of Lynchburg, was a close -second to Company G, armed with the Mississippi -rifle, and generally acted as skirmishers, and one of -these rifles brought down the first Yankee on the -18th of July, 1861, as hereinafter related.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company D was also armed with Mississippi -rifles and was often on the skirmish line. Company -B was made up of men from the western section of -Campbell County; Company C, as before said, from -the Pigeon Run section, Mt. Zion, and Falling River -neighborhoods. Company D came from Botetourt -County—large, hardy, hale fellows they were too, -many of them with German names. Company E -was made up largely of college boys from Lynchburg -College, its first captain being one of the -professors.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company F, a sturdy lot of men, came from the -hills of Alleghany Mountains in Montgomery -County around Christiansburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company H was a new Lynchburg company, -recruited by its captain, then in his teens, with many -sons of Erin in its ranks.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>Company I was made up of men from Culpeper -County.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company K was from the James River section of -Rockbridge County—its commander, a canal -freight-boat captain, and many of the men boatmen -on the canal when the tocsin of war was sounded. -All classes, from the college-bred and the professional -man to the country schoolboy, were represented -in the regiment.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The following are the rolls of the four Lynchburg -companies of the Eleventh Regiment. I have -been unable to get the rolls of the other companies -of the regiment:</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE RIFLE GRAYS, COMPANY A</h3> - - <ul class='ul_1 c010'> - <li>First Captain, M. S. Langhorne. - </li> - <li>Second Captain, G. W. Latham. - </li> - <li>Third Captain, Robt. M. Mitchell, Jr. - </li> - <li>First Lieutenant, G. W. Latham. - </li> - <li>First Lieutenant, John W. Daniel. - </li> - <li>Second Lieutenant, Robt. M. Mitchell, Jr. - </li> - <li>Second Lieutenant, H. C. Chalmers. - </li> - <li>Second Lieutenant, James O. Thurman. - </li> - <li>First Sergeant, Joseph A. Kennedy. - </li> - <li>Second Sergeant, Elcano Fisher. - </li> - <li>Third Sergeant, Henry D. Hall. - </li> - <li>Fourth Sergeant, Peter B. Akers. - </li> - <li>First Corporal, Geo. T. Wightman. - </li> - <li>Second Corporal, Samuel R. Miller. - </li> - <li>Third Corporal, Lucas Harvey. - </li> - <li>Fourth Corporal, Jas. O. Thurman, Jr. - </li> - </ul> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span> - <h4 class='c009'><em>Privates</em></h4> -</div> - - <ul class='ul_1 c010'> - <li>Allman, William H. - </li> - <li>Akers, William L. - </li> - <li>Bailey, James H. - </li> - <li>Bailey, James W. - </li> - <li>Benson, Henry G. - </li> - <li>Brown, Leslie C. - </li> - <li>Beckwith, Henry C. - </li> - <li>Burroughs, Henry A. - </li> - <li>Ballard, James F. - </li> - <li>Bagby, George W. - </li> - <li>Cheatham, Thos. F. - </li> - <li>Cochran, Robert L. - </li> - <li>Cooney, Thomas. - </li> - <li>Camp, Albert G. - </li> - <li>Crumpton, James A. - </li> - <li>Crumpton, Joseph A. - </li> - <li>Clinkenbeard, Wm. E. - </li> - <li>Conklen, Thomas A. - </li> - <li>Connolly, Jerry M. - </li> - <li>Devine, Frank. - </li> - <li>Diuguid, Edward S. - </li> - <li>Davis, Thomas N. - </li> - <li>Delano, Joseph S. - </li> - <li>Dady, David. - </li> - <li>Evans, William H. - </li> - <li>Edwards, James M. - </li> - <li>Elam, H. F. - </li> - <li>Feyle, Frank H. - </li> - <li>Fulks, James W. - </li> - <li>Frances, Joseph M. - </li> - <li>Furry, William H. - </li> - <li>Gooldy, John F. - </li> - <li>Henry, Charles W. - </li> - <li>Henry, John L. - </li> - <li>Harvey, Charles C. - </li> - <li>Hollins, John G. - </li> - <li>Hollins, James E. - </li> - <li>Heybrook, L. G. - </li> - <li>Hersman, Wm. B. - </li> - <li>Hunt, William R. - </li> - <li>Johnson, Shelbry. - </li> - <li>Jones, William B. - </li> - <li>Jones, Charles J. - </li> - <li>Kennedy, Michael. - </li> - <li>Kidd, George W. - </li> - <li>Latham, Robert F. - </li> - <li>Linkenhoker, Sam'l. - </li> - <li>Mitchell, John R. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>Mitchell, T. Holcomb. - </li> - <li>Mitchell, John J. - </li> - <li>Mitchell, William H. - </li> - <li>McKinney, Sam'l H. - </li> - <li>McCrary, Wm. B. - </li> - <li>Marks, James L. - </li> - <li>Milstead, William. - </li> - <li>McDevitt, C. P. - </li> - <li>Norris, Michael A. - </li> - <li>Norvell, Otway B. - </li> - <li>Omorundro, T. A. - </li> - <li>Porter, Thomas D. - </li> - <li>Pendleton, William. - </li> - <li>Price, N. Leslie. - </li> - <li>Parrish, Booker S. - </li> - <li>Pugh, Charles E. - </li> - <li>Peters, John I. - </li> - <li>Rucker, Edward P. - </li> - <li>Raine, John R. - </li> - <li>Robertson, Thomas D. - </li> - <li>Rainey, Charles W. - </li> - <li>Rogers, James B. - </li> - <li>Rock, John J. - </li> - <li>Rector, Thomas S. - </li> - <li>Sims, Robert F. - </li> - <li>Sewell, George W. - </li> - <li>Stubbs, Robert F. - </li> - <li>Stewart, Philip H. - </li> - <li>Slagle, John H. - </li> - <li>Slagle, David H. - </li> - <li>Sholes, Thomas C. - </li> - <li>Stewart, Stephen P. - </li> - <li>Stabler, Thomas S. - </li> - <li>Shepherd, Joseph H. - </li> - <li>Tyree, Charles H. - </li> - <li>Taylor, William H. - </li> - <li>Thurman, Powhatan. - </li> - <li>Turner, John H. - </li> - <li>Truxall, Andrew J. - </li> - <li>Tyree, Wm. D. R. - </li> - <li>Tyree, John R. - </li> - <li>Taliaferro, Rhoderick. - </li> - <li>Torrence, William H. - </li> - <li>Victor, Henry C. - </li> - <li>Wren, Peter R. - </li> - <li>Warfield, Thomas. - </li> - <li>Williams, William H. - </li> - </ul> - -<h3 class='c007'>LYNCHBURG RIFLES, COMPANY E</h3> - - <ul class='ul_1 c010'> - <li>First Captain, J. E. Blankenship. - </li> - <li>Second Captain, C. V. Winfree. - </li> - <li>Third Captain, John C. Ward. - </li> - <li>First Lieutenant, C. V. Winfree. - </li> - <li>First Lieutenant, James W. Wray. - </li> - <li>Second Lieutenant, W. A. Strother. - </li> - <li>Second Lieutenant, W. M. Taliaferro. - </li> - <li>Lieutenant, John P. Knight. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>Lieutenant, Walter R. Abbott. - </li> - <li>Lieutenant, Adolphus D. Read. - </li> - <li>Lieutenant, Charles H. Tyree. - </li> - <li>Lieutenant, George P. Norvell. - </li> - <li>First Sergeant, W. R. Abbott. - </li> - <li>Sergeant, John C. Ward. - </li> - <li>Sergeant, A. D. Read. - </li> - <li>Sergeant, James W. Wray. - </li> - <li>Sergeant, Thomas Keenan. - </li> - <li>Sergeant, E. G. Williams. - </li> - <li>Sergeant, William M. Seay. - </li> - <li>Sergeant, John L. Marion. - </li> - <li>Corporal, J. H. Sheppard. - </li> - <li>Corporal, John Lovett. - </li> - <li>Corporal, D. M. Pettigrew. - </li> - <li>Corporal, Thomas H. Love. - </li> - <li>Corporal, John Kelly. - </li> - <li>Corporal, John R. Holt. - </li> - <li>Corporal, John Lovett. - </li> - <li>Corporal, W. P. Whitlow. - </li> - </ul> - -<h4 class='c009'><em>Privates</em></h4> - - <ul class='ul_1 c010'> - <li>Anderson, Thos. N. - </li> - <li>Atkinson, John. - </li> - <li>Butterworth, John M. - </li> - <li>Butterworth, Wm. W. - </li> - <li>Bradley, Winfree. - </li> - <li>Brown, F. M. - </li> - <li>Brown, Hillary. - </li> - <li>Burks, Paulus Powell. - </li> - <li>Burks, S. C. - </li> - <li>Bailey, Samuel D. - </li> - <li>Bailey, Thomas D. - </li> - <li>Coffee, William H. - </li> - <li>Colvin, Howard H. - </li> - <li>Colvin, William O. - </li> - <li>Colvin, Robert O. - </li> - <li>Grant, Bluford. - </li> - <li>Gaulding, T. Henry. - </li> - <li>Gregory, Edward S. - </li> - <li>Gregory, N. H. - </li> - <li>Goins, James. - </li> - <li>Gilbert, George W. - </li> - <li>Gilbert, William. - </li> - <li>Gilbert, Thomas. - </li> - <li>Hart, Patrick S. - </li> - <li>Haines, Robert L. - </li> - <li>Hurt, Samuel. - </li> - <li>Hickey, Patrick H. - </li> - <li>Hendricks, James. - </li> - <li>Howard, John. - </li> - <li>Houston, Francis R. - </li> - <li>Hudgins, James L. - </li> - <li>Hancock, W. T. - </li> - <li>Jones, Charles T. - </li> - <li>Jenkins, J. Samuel. - </li> - <li>Johnson, Charles Y. - </li> - <li>Kayton, J. Patrick. - </li> - <li>Lawhorne, Delaware. - </li> - <li>Lawhorne, James H. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>Lawhorne, Lorenzo. - </li> - <li>Lawhorne, Lucas P. - </li> - <li>Lipscomb, Charles P. - </li> - <li>Moore, Thomas H. - </li> - <li>Miller, James M. - </li> - <li>Mann, Daniel. - </li> - <li>Milstead, Benjamin. - </li> - <li>Marshall, John W. - </li> - <li>Marshall, James. - </li> - <li>Marshall, Charles. - </li> - <li>Marshall, David B. - </li> - <li>Myers, William. - </li> - <li>McCarthy, Patrick. - </li> - <li>Nangle, Edward A. - </li> - <li>Clark, C. C. - </li> - <li>Clark, C. B. - </li> - <li>Clark, R. C. - </li> - <li>Carey, John H. - </li> - <li>Carey, James. - </li> - <li>Day, Thomas E. - </li> - <li>Davis, Arthur P. - </li> - <li>Davis, T. D. - </li> - <li>Dunnivant, William. - </li> - <li>Evans, T. F. - </li> - <li>Equi, Joseph. - </li> - <li>Elder, Hiram P. - </li> - <li>Farriss, William. - </li> - <li>Fortune, William. - </li> - <li>Foster, William E. - </li> - <li>Neville, Lewis C. - </li> - <li>Noell, James H. - </li> - <li>Pettus, John E. - </li> - <li>Patrim, William A. - </li> - <li>Paris, Thomas H. - </li> - <li>Parr, John E. - </li> - <li>Padgett, J. J. - </li> - <li>Parker, Joseph A. - </li> - <li>Roberts, Charles R. - </li> - <li>Rucker, Jackson. - </li> - <li>Rockecharlie, V. - </li> - <li>Strause, Simon. - </li> - <li>Stewart, William H. - </li> - <li>Simpson, Charles W. - </li> - <li>Searson, Thomas. - </li> - <li>Sullivan, Michael. - </li> - <li>Spillan, Patrick. - </li> - <li>Smith, George W. - </li> - <li>Smith, John G. - </li> - <li>Smith, Thomas. - </li> - <li>Smith, Robert H. - </li> - <li>Smith, James. - </li> - <li>Thomas, Andrew J. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>Taylor, William. - </li> - <li>Taylor, Burley T. - </li> - <li>Trent, George W. - </li> - <li>Turner, G. Kempton. - </li> - <li>Turski, Francois. - </li> - <li>Ward, James S. - </li> - <li>Williamson, L. C. - </li> - <li>Wooldridge, Jas. R. - </li> - <li>Wooldridge, Joseph. - </li> - <li>Wright, Wm. Richard. - </li> - <li>Wray, Ellis D. - </li> - <li>Wills, John McD. - </li> - <li>Walker, J. S. L. - </li> - <li>Wray, Thomas C. - </li> - </ul> - -<h3 class='c007'>HOME GUARD, COMPANY G</h3> - - <ul class='ul_1 c010'> - <li>First Captain, Samuel Garland, Jr. - </li> - <li>Second Captain, Kirkwood Otey. - </li> - <li>Third Captain, J. Holmes Smith. - </li> - <li>First Lieutenant, K. Otey. - </li> - <li>Second Lieutenant, J. G. Meem. - </li> - <li>Third Lieutenant, S. M. Simpson. - </li> - <li>Orderly Sergeant, J. L. Meem. - </li> - <li>Third Sergeant, W. J. H. Hawkins. - </li> - <li>Sergeant, J. C. Johnson. - </li> - <li>Color Sergeant, William Sanford. - </li> - <li>Fifth Sergeant, B. L. Blackford. - </li> - <li>Corporal, C. D. Hamner. - </li> - <li>Corporal, John K. Seabury. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>Corporal, J. H. Smith. - </li> - <li>Corporal, Hugh Nelson. - </li> - <li>Surgeon, Benjamin Blackford. - </li> - </ul> - -<h4 class='c009'><em>Privates</em></h4> - - <ul class='ul_1 c010'> - <li>Abrahams, H. J. - </li> - <li>Adams, R. H. T. - </li> - <li>Akers, E. A. - </li> - <li>Armistead, James. - </li> - <li>Apperson, R. F. - </li> - <li>Anderson, John G. - </li> - <li>Ballowe, T. H. - </li> - <li>Barnes, C. F. - </li> - <li>Blackford, W. H. - </li> - <li>Booth, S. C. - </li> - <li>Brugh, J. B. - </li> - <li>Burks, E. W. - </li> - <li>Button, R. P. - </li> - <li>Burch, Samuel. - </li> - <li>Cabell, Breck. - </li> - <li>Cabell, P. H. - </li> - <li>Cabell, S. - </li> - <li>Campbell, Wiley. - </li> - <li>Colhoun, Robert. - </li> - <li>Conley, John. - </li> - <li>Cosby, C. V. - </li> - <li>Creed, J. J. - </li> - <li>Cross, J. H. (K.) - </li> - <li>Crumpacker, John. - </li> - <li>Dowdy, T. N. - </li> - <li>Dabney, H. - </li> - <li>DeWitt, C. - </li> - <li>Eubank, E. N. - </li> - <li>Franklin, James, Jr. - </li> - <li>Franklin, P. H. - </li> - <li>Ford, William A. - </li> - <li>Gregory, W. S. - </li> - <li>Guggenheimer, M., Jr. - </li> - <li>Guy, D. C. - </li> - <li>Goggin, John P. - </li> - <li>Harris, H. V. - </li> - <li>Harris, Meade. - </li> - <li>Hawkins, S. M. - </li> - <li>Holland, William. - </li> - <li>Ivey, J. W. - </li> - <li>Jennings, J. H. - </li> - <li>Jennings, T. D., Jr. - </li> - <li>Johnson, Minor. - </li> - <li>Kean, R. G. H. - </li> - <li>Kinnear, James F. - </li> - <li>Kinnear, James O. - </li> - <li>Kabler, N. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>Kreuttner, Joseph. - </li> - <li>Kent, J. R. - </li> - <li>Lee, John A. - </li> - <li>Lavinder, G. T. - </li> - <li>Langhorne, C. D. - </li> - <li>Leckie, M. M. - </li> - <li>Lewis, John H. - </li> - <li>Lucado, L. F. - </li> - <li>Lyman, G. R. - </li> - <li>Lydick, James H. - </li> - <li>Lydick, D. - </li> - <li>Mayer, Max L. - </li> - <li>McCorkle, C. - </li> - <li>Miller, A. H. - </li> - <li>Moseley, C. A. - </li> - <li>Moorman, S. L. - </li> - <li>Mosby, L. C. - </li> - <li>Nelson, W. S. - </li> - <li>Nowlin, A. W. - </li> - <li>Oglesby, John. - </li> - <li>Page, C. H. - </li> - <li>Percival, C. D. - </li> - <li>Pierce, R. C. - </li> - <li>Peters, R. T. - </li> - <li>Preston, L. P. - </li> - <li>Preston, S. D. - </li> - <li>Preston, T. L. - </li> - <li>Salmons, G. J. - </li> - <li>Sears, J. R. - </li> - <li>Shelton, G. W. - </li> - <li>Simpson, T. H. - </li> - <li>Snead, W. B. - </li> - <li>Spencer, C. S. - </li> - <li>Stratton, A. B. - </li> - <li>Sumpter, John U. H. - </li> - <li>Shaver, W. H. - </li> - <li>Taliaferro, Van. - </li> - <li>Terry, A. W. C. - </li> - <li>Thompson, J. H. - </li> - <li>Toot, W. A. - </li> - <li>Trigg, W. K. - </li> - <li>Valentine, Joseph. - </li> - <li>Waldron, R. L. - </li> - <li>Watkins, R. W. - </li> - <li>Walsh, T. C. - </li> - <li>Woods, W. H. H. - </li> - <li>Wheeler, J. M. - </li> - </ul> - -<h3 class='c007'>JEFFERSON DAVIS RIFLE, COMPANY H</h3> - - <ul class='ul_1 c010'> - <li>Captain, J. Risque Hutter. - </li> - <li>First Lieutenant, William L. Goggin. - </li> - <li>First Lieutenant, William S. Hannah. - </li> - <li>Second Lieutenant, James W. Hord. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>Second Lieutenant, Ro. D. Early. - </li> - <li>First Sergeant, Jas. O. Freeman. - </li> - <li>Second Sergeant, S. B. Wright. - </li> - <li>Third Sergeant, D. C. Wright. - </li> - <li>Fourth Sergeant, Wm. S. Thayer. - </li> - <li>Fifth Sergeant, Brandon P. Neville. - </li> - <li>First Corporal, George L. Jesse. - </li> - <li>Second Corporal, Geo. T. Mitchell. - </li> - <li>Third Corporal, Pat. H. Rourke. - </li> - <li>Fourth Corporal, Charles Schade. - </li> - </ul> - -<h4 class='c009'><em>Privates</em></h4> - - <ul class='ul_1 c010'> - <li>Akers, H. C. - </li> - <li>Banton, Robert. - </li> - <li>Banton, James H. - </li> - <li>Banton, Richard. - </li> - <li>Blanks, John N. - </li> - <li>Blanks, Robert. - </li> - <li>Burford, William. - </li> - <li>Boland, John. - </li> - <li>Brown, John C. - </li> - <li>Cramer, A. W. - </li> - <li>Callan, Dan. - </li> - <li>Cunningham, Felix. - </li> - <li>Davis, John R. - </li> - <li>Davis, Thomas M. - </li> - <li>Daniel, John. - </li> - <li>Doyle, Henry. - </li> - <li>Donatini, G. - </li> - <li>Eagan, Gabriel. - </li> - <li>Floyd, Alex. - </li> - <li>Floyd, John J. - </li> - <li>Floyd, Nathan D. - </li> - <li>Flowers, Wm. P. - </li> - <li>Flowers, Joseph W. - </li> - <li>Fulks, Robert. - </li> - <li>Fox, Edward. - </li> - <li>Farrer, Robert. - </li> - <li>Fitzgerald, Cyrus. - </li> - <li>Fitzgerald, Ceyton L. - </li> - <li>Gouldin, H. L. - </li> - <li>Gouldin, William. - </li> - <li>Geurtz, Peter. - </li> - <li>Grossman, William. - </li> - <li>Hanly, John. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>Hurt, John H. - </li> - <li>Humphrey, M. L. - </li> - <li>Jones, Thomas. - </li> - <li>Kyle, Benjamin M. - </li> - <li>Labby, M. H. - </li> - <li>Lavinder, James. - </li> - <li>McCormack, L. - </li> - <li>McCormick, S. - </li> - <li>McCormack, Wm. - </li> - <li>McCormack, Wm. D. - </li> - <li>Mitchell, Richard H. - </li> - <li>Micalany, Peter. - </li> - <li>Musgrove, Franklin. - </li> - <li>Myers, Samuel W. - </li> - <li>Oliver, Pleasant. - </li> - <li>O'Brien, Michael. - </li> - <li>Rucker, George W. - </li> - <li>Rucker, Paulus G. - </li> - <li>Reynolds, James. - </li> - <li>Reynolds, John H. - </li> - <li>Rodgers, George W. - </li> - <li>Rider, William. - </li> - <li>Still, Thomas. - </li> - <li>Stanly, Joseph. - </li> - <li>Stanly, D. W. - </li> - <li>Singleton, William H. - </li> - <li>Seay, Isaac. - </li> - <li>Seay, Richard. - </li> - <li>Sprouse, Samuel. - </li> - <li>Turner, Charles. - </li> - <li>Whitten, James. - </li> - <li>White, John W. - </li> - </ul> - -<p class='c000'>The Eleventh Regiment soon won an enviable -reputation; it was well officered, well drilled and -not excelled by any regiment in the First Brigade, -which was first commanded by Longstreet, then by -A. P. Hill, then by J. L. Kemper, and later by -Wm. R. Terry. This brigade was as good as any -brigade in Pickett's Division; Pickett's Division -was not surpassed by any division in Longstreet's -corps; Longstreet's Corps was equal to any corps -in the army of Northern Virginia, and the world -never saw a better army than the army of Northern -Virginia.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>While at Manassas, many troops came on from -the South. All were organized into regiments and -brigades. The First, Third, Seventh, Eleventh and -Seventeenth Virginia Regiments composed the First -Brigade of Virginia Infantry, commanded by Brig.-Gen. -James Longstreet. In September, 1862, the -Seventeenth Regiment was put in Corse's Brigade, -and the Twenty-fourth Virginia was added to Longstreet's -old brigade.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Twenty-fourth was then commanded by Col. -W. R. Terry, Lieut.-Col. Peter Hairston, and Maj. -Richard F. Maury.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The First Regiment was commanded by Col. -P. T. Moore, of Richmond, Lieut.-Col. G. W. -Palmer, I think, and Maj. John Dooly, and was -made up entirely of Richmond companies.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Third Regiment was commanded by Col. -Joseph Mayo, Jr., Lieut.-Col. Wm. H. Pryor, and -Maj. John D. Whitehead.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Seventh Regiment was commanded by Col. -J. L. Kemper, of Madison County; Lieut.-Col. W. -Tazwell Patton, and Maj. C. C. Floweree.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Seventeenth Regiment was commanded by -Col. M. D. Corse, of Alexandria; Lieut.-Col. -Morton Mayre, and Maj. Wm. Munford.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There were many changes in these field officers. -Perhaps I have failed to name correctly all the -original field officers.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_IV' class='c004'>CHAPTER IV<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Battle of Blackburn's Ford—The Battle<br /> Begins—The Enemy Driven Back—Incidents<br /> of the Battle</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>There were frequent rumors while in camp at -Manassas that the Yankees were advancing. On -the 17th of July the report proved true; the -Yankees were coming sure enough this time. Longstreet's -Brigade marched down to Blackburn's Ford -on Bull Run some mile and a half or two miles -north of Manassas. The regiments, except the -Eleventh, were formed in line of battle above and -below the ford, along the south bank of the creek, -or run, as it is called, a small wooded stream with -the ground rising on the north side to quite a bluff, -heavily timbered, the road from the ford leading -up through a narrow ravine. Other brigades were -posted along Bull Run above and below Blackburn's -Ford.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The men on the line of battle made temporary -breastworks along the bank of the run, with old -logs, driftwood, and fence rails, and awaited the -coming of the enemy—skirmishers having been -thrown well forward on the high ground beyond -the stream and woods.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span>The Eleventh Regiment, held in reserve, was -placed behind a small bluff, a short distance south -of the stream and above the ford. This bluff was -pretty good protection except from fragments of -shells bursting overhead.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The enemy did not appear until the next day in -the afternoon, when the attack was made on the -position at the ford about three o'clock. Company A -of the Eleventh Regiment was on picket, or skirmish -line, across the run, when a Yankee quartermaster -captain rode down the road, and enquired of one -of the company if he knew where General McDowell's -(the Yankee commander's) headquarters -were. The man replied, "No, I don't know where -General McDowell's headquarters are, but I can -show you to General Beauregard's very quick." -The captain seeing his mistake wheeled his horse -and dashed away.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Several of the pickets fired on him, when he -tumbled from his horse dead, shot through the -body. The captain had on a pair of spurs, which -one of the men took off, and when the company -returned to the regiment after the Yankees advanced -in force, gave the spurs to Major Harrison, -who put them on and in a short time thereafter -received his death wound. Unlucky spurs these! -My recollection is, as I heard it after the battle, -that when the Yankee fell from his horse, Henry -Beckwith said, as they approached him, "If he is -shot through the belt, I killed him. I aimed at his -<span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span>belt"; and that the ball had entered the body at or -near the belt. Tom Davis, Leslie Price, and Jim -Foulks, I think, were the other men who fired. -Who really fired the fatal shot was not known.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE BATTLE BEGINS</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Pretty soon after the captain was shot, the -Yankees advanced in line of battle, the skirmishers -in front engaging in a lively fight over on the hill -beyond the run, the Confederates retiring as the -main body of the enemy advanced. All knew then -that the fight was beginning and would soon be on -in earnest. After the Confederate skirmishers returned -to the south side of the run everything was -quiet—a deathlike stillness prevailed for some time, -which was intense and oppressive. All nerves were -strung to a high tension. We were on the eve of a -battle, a sure enough battle in which men would be -wounded and killed, and who would be the victims -no one knew.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Perhaps not a single man in the brigade, with the -exception of General Longstreet, had ever heard the -sound of a hostile gun before that day.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was not long, however, until this silence was -broken by the big boom of a Yankee cannon away -over on the hill, and simultaneously, a long shell -came shrieking through the air, making a noise that -can not be described; it was more like the neigh -of an excited or frightened horse than anything I -can compare it to; a kind of "whicker, whicker, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>whicker" sound as it swapped ends in the air. This -shell passed over high above all heads, striking the -ground on the hill in the rear, making the dirt fly, -and tearing a hole in the ground, as some of the -boys said, "Big enough to bury a horse in."</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have said that all nerves were highly strung -while waiting for the battle to begin. This shot and -shell not only broke the silence and relaxed the -nerve tension, but severely tried not a few nerves, -caused many a heart to stand still, and face to -blanch. I saw many pale faces; don't know how -I looked, but felt rather pale.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This shell struck near a Confederate battery, -which immediately limbered up and went to the -rear at a gallop—why, I never knew; the supposition -was that the battery withdrew in order to draw the -Yankees on; if so, it had the desired effect, for in -a few minutes the musketry firing began down at -the ford. At first it was pop—pop—pop, then -pop, pop, pop—and then a continuous roar in which -no single shot could be distinguished; it was like a -loud, continuing peal of heavy thunder. The roar was -punctuated by frequent cannon shot and bursting -shells, which sounded louder than the musketry. -The noise was frightful, almost deafening, and such -as we never heard before, but knew full well it was -the "noise and din of battle," about which we had -heard and read, but never experienced. I must say -it was more terrific and awe-inspiring than I expected. -Many of the balls and shells passed a few -<span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span>feet above us; shells and grapeshot struck among -the trees and bushes that crowned the small bluff -behind which the regiment was posted, with the -rushing, swishing, fear-creating noise heard many -times afterwards, but which I never learned to like -or admire.</p> - -<p class='c000'>History records that General Washington, in his -youthful days, in writing to a friend describing a -battle with the Indians, said, "The sound of the -bullets was music to mine ear." Now, I never had -much ear for music, though I like good music, and -can distinguish between good and bad music. I -here and now record that the sound of shell, solid -shot, grapeshot, shrapnel, minie ball, or any other -kind of battle noise, was never "music to mine ear"; -therefore, I conclude that any and all of these -sounds, if music at all, is very poor music.</p> - -<p class='c000'>During the battle, Company G, of the Eleventh -Regiment, was deployed as skirmishers along the -run on the left flank of the Confederate line of -battle, not far from the position occupied by the -regiment, the men all lying down behind a fence that -ran along the bank of Bull Run, in plain view of -the other companies of the Eleventh Regiment; no -Yankees appeared on this part of the line. And, -I think, Company F was also deployed below Company -G near the run.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The heavy firing in this battle did not last long, -not over half an hour perhaps, but it seemed a long -time.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>In the midst of the heaviest firing, one of General -Longstreet's staff officers galloped up to the -Eleventh Regiment and called for two companies -to go down to the ford. When asked how the battle -was going, he said, "They have the advantage of -us just now, but we will drive them back with these -two companies." Some of the Yankees had charged -across the creek, or run, at the ford. Colonel Garland -called out at the top of his voice, "Major -Harrison, take Company E and Company H down -to the ford." These two companies, with Major -Harrison leading them on horseback, rushed off -through the bushes in double-quick time and into the -fight they went.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE YANKEES DRIVEN BACK</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The Yankees were quickly driven back. Dr. -G. W. Thornhill, surgeon of the Eleventh Regiment, -who went along to look after the wounded, captured -a Yankee who had crossed over the run and was -hiding in the bushes. Very soon, Major Harrison -was borne back from the line of battle on a stretcher, -or litter, as it was called, shot through the body, and -as before said, mortally wounded. Major Harrison -was a good officer and a splendid man, very -popular in the regiment, and his untimely death was -deeply lamented by all. It was rumored through -the brigade that Colonel Garland had been mortally -wounded. When he heard this rumor, he said, "It -was a better man." A fine tribute this, to Major -Harrison.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span>Soon after the two companies went into the fight, -the Twenty-fourth Virginia Regiment, led by Col. -Peter Hairston on horseback, came double-quicking -down the road leading to the ford.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company A of the Twenty-fourth was the leading -company and was commanded by Capt. C. M. Stigleman, -and Dr. B. P. Elliott was orderly sergeant. -This company was from Floyd County. I did not -know any of the officers or men; but since I came -to Floyd, have been well acquainted with nearly all -of them, and have often talked about the incidents -of this day. I have heard Dr. Elliott relate that, as -they started into the fight they passed by General -Beauregard standing by the roadside, and that the -General spoke to each company as it passed saying, -"Aim low, men."</p> - -<p class='c000'>The doctor, in telling it, would laugh and say, -"These words sent a chill down my spinal column," -and that when they emerged from the pines into -the open field, and saw the men of Company G lying -down in skirmish line, they thought these men had -been killed and laid out there in a row, and some -one exclaimed, "Good God, look at the dead men!"</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dr. Elliott also related, as they passed by Major -Harrison, being borne to the rear on the stretcher, -the Major said, "Hurry up, men, or you will be too -late"; and that Colonel Early said to them as they -started, "Now, boys, if you don't run, the Yankees -will." And when the command was given the regiment -to load, one of the captains stepped out in -front of his company and gave the command, "Load -<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>in nine times—load!" Then "old Jube" in his -piping voice at a high pitch, exclaimed, "Load in -nine times? Hell and damnation! Load in the most -expeditious manner possible."</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Twenty-fourth was the leading regiment of -a brigade commanded by Col. Jubal A. Early. -About the time the front files of the regiment was -half-way across the field between the pines and the -run, Colonel Early came riding along down by -the line, his black horse in a long trot, calling out, -"Halt in front!" Colonel Hairston could not hear -him on account of the noise of the battle. Finally, -Colonel Early reined in his horse so hard that the -war steed was thrown well back on his haunches, -and called out in a loud and emphatic tone, "Tell -Colonel Hairston to halt." From the position occupied -by the Eleventh Regiment, we could see and -hear all these incidents.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The word "halt" was passed rapidly along to the -front of the regiment, and just before the head of -the column (the troops were marching by the flank) -reached the bushes bordering the run, they came to -a halt, and Colonel Early went forward to find -General Longstreet and ascertain where to place his -brigade in line of battle. Just then the firing -slackened and in a few moments the musketry firing -ceased altogether. The Yankees had been driven -back, retiring out of sight over the hill; the artillery -fire was kept up for some time, however.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Up to this time the Confederates had no artillery -engaged in the fight, though a few shots were fired -<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>at the right flank of the enemy from Mitchell's Ford, -where General Bonham of South Carolina commanded.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Soon after the musketry firing ceased, and while -the Yankees were still throwing shot and shell from -their guns on the hill, scaring many but hurting -few, a battery of the New Orleans Washington -Artillery came in a gallop into the open field, and -wheeling to the right into battery, about midway -between the pines and the run, unlimbered and -opened up a lively fire at the Yankee battery over -on the hill beyond the run. These batteries were -not in sight the one of the other, the woods on and -beyond the run intervening to obstruct the view, the -gunners firing at the puffs of smoke from their -opponents' guns.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This was a lively and spirited artillery duel for -a while, but the plucky Louisianians proved too -much for their opponents. When the Yankee -gunners got the range on them, they moved their -guns by hand to the right or left and poured shot -and shell into the enemy thick and fast, soon knocking -their opponents out of action, disabling one or -more of their guns, and causing them to get out of -range in great haste. The Washington Artillery -won laurels in this their first fight, which they wore -proudly and deservedly through the whole war, -being conspicuous in all the great battles in which -the army of Northern Virginia engaged, and always -performing their part bravely and well.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span> - <h3 class='c007'>INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>In the midst of the battle General Longstreet's -big bay horse came galloping out from the bushes -along the run, riderless, and wild with the noise -and excitement of battle, dashing across the field -with head high in air, swaying from right to left, -with bridle reins and stirrups flying over his neck -and back. We thought sure our General was either -killed or badly wounded, but it turned out that -General Longstreet had thrown himself off his horse -to the ground to escape the fire of some of his own -men. The general was unhurt, and was soon again -mounted on his horse, though there was dirt on his -clothes from the fall to the ground. The smoke of -the battle, which was thick and heavy along the -run, soon cleared away, the wounded were all -carried to the field hospital in the rear, the dead -were laid away, and ere the shades of night set in, -all was peaceful and quiet along Bull Run, except -that now and then the words, "Friends on the other -side, pass it down the line," were passed from -company to company along the line, our scouts, at -intervals, crossing over the run to watch the -Yankees, lest, peradventure, they might make -another attack. But no other efforts were made to -dislodge the Confederates at Blackburn's Ford.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankees were very much surprised at the -stubborn resistance they met here. Their newspapers, -and other writers since, gave conflicting statements -<span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span>of the affair, some making light of it as a battle, -claiming that it was only a reconnoissance in force, -a mere skirmish. Others attributed it to the "rash -enthusiasm" of Gen. E. B. Tyler, who thought he -could easily brush aside the rebels and march on to -Manassas. General McDowell, the commander-in-chief, -who had established his headquarters at -Centreville, contemplated, it was said, turning the -Confederates' left flank when all his troops were up -and everything ready for the attack. General Tyler -had in the fight, Richardson's and Sherman's -Brigades of Infantry, and Ayres's Battery. These -were met and successfully resisted by Longstreet -with his brigade, with eight companies of one of the -regiments, the Eleventh, in reserve.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The loss in this engagement was small for the -amount of shooting done. The Confederates' loss -was about twenty and the Yankees' about one -hundred. This engagement on the 18th made -General McDowell stop and ponder until the 21st -of July, when the battle of Manassas was fought, -and won by the Confederates.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About sundown on the 18th the Eleventh Regiment -and Early's Brigade relieved the troops who -had been engaged, taking position along the run -above and below the ford, where they remained on -the <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">qui vive</span></i> all night and the next day, without -seeing or hearing of a single Yankee.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The trees and bushes along and in the rear of the -line of battle were scarred by big and little shot. The -<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>Yankees, being above on the bluff, overshot the -Confederates.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Up on the bluff we saw the first dead Yankee—he -lay stark and cold in death upon the hillside -among the trees in the gloom of the gathering -twilight: the pale face turned towards us, upon -which we looked with feelings mingled with awe -and dread. We had heard and seen many new and -strange things that day. Later on in the war, we -could look upon the slain on the battlefield with little -less feeling than upon the carcass of an animal. -Such are some of the hardening effects of war. I -don't think we were again as badly scared as on that -day; I was not, I am sure.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Longstreet's Brigade remained at and near Blackburn's -Ford all through the 19th and 20th of July, -waiting for and expecting another attack, discussing -the events of the battle, and conjecturing as to -what would be the next move in the game of war. -I remember talking with Lieut. Jim Hord of Company -H along this line, when he remarked, "There -will be a big battle Sunday—most all of the big fights -come off on Sunday." This prophecy came true. -The brigade had received its baptism of fire, the -nerves and mettle of the men had been tried, and -while it was a nerve-racking ordeal, yet all had stood -the test, so far as I remember, except one officer in -command of a company in the Eleventh Regiment, -whose nerve seemed to fail him. He was taken sick -and collapsed; was taken to the rear and never -returned to his company.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>I think if it had not been for pride and regard -for reputation, a good many of us would have been -like a negro cook in Company C: George, who belonged -to my brother-in-law, Robert Cocke, and had -been with the company as one of the cooks, brought -down from the camp at Manassas about noon on the -18th some cooked rations, and when the battle commenced, -was back in the rear near the hospital. -When the Yankee shells began to fall and burst in -his vicinity, George broke and ran for dear life back -to camp, stopping only long enough to say, "Dem -big balls come flying over me saying, 'Whar is you? -whar is you?' an' I lit out from dar in a hurry," and -away he went up the railroad track four miles to -Bristow Station. The boys laughed at George a -great many times about his ignominious flight; -George, however, never expressed a regret that he -took to his heels and made good time out of danger.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederate lines extended along the south -side of Bull Run about eight miles, that small and -insignificant stream having been chosen by General -Beauregard as his line of defense, instead of waiting, -as was expected by the inexperienced, for the -enemy to come on to Manassas, which position had -been fortified and the forts mounted with big guns. -Of course, the enemy would have never attacked this -place, but flanked it, viz., marched around the place -and forced the Confederates to evacuate. On Bull -Run the right of the Confederate lines was at Union -Mills, with General Ewell in command. Next up the -run was McLean's Ford, where General Jones and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>his brigade were posted. Next came Blackburn's -Ford, where, as before said, was posted Longstreet's -Brigade; then came General Bonham at Mitchell's -Ford with his brigade; next above this was Ball's -Ford, with Gen. Phillip St. George Cocke in command -of a brigade, and lastly the Stone Bridge, the -extreme Confederate left, in charge of General -Evans with his brigade. The general direction of -Bull Run is from west to east, or rather, from -northwest to southeast.</p> - -<p class='c000'>General Holmes with his brigade and Colonel -Early with his brigade, and maybe others, were back -in reserve, and when Generals Jackson, Bee, and -Bartow arrived with their brigades, they were also -held in reserve. There were also batteries of -artillery along the lines near the several fords, with -cavalry on the flanks, and at intervals back from the -run.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Along Bull Run, nearly all the way, grew trees -and bushes, and much of the ground back of the -stream on either side was covered with second-growth -pines and scrub-oaks, the ground being -rolling, though tolerably level.</p> - -<p class='c000'>McDowell's command was concentrated at and -near Centreville, about a mile north of Bull Run, -and consisted of thirty-five or forty thousand men. -Beauregard had twelve or fifteen thousand men; -Gen. Jos. E. Johnston brought to his relief in the -very nick of time on the 21st some ten or twelve -thousand men.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_V' class='c004'>CHAPTER V<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>The Battle of First Manassas—General Johnston<br /> to the Rescue—Gen. Kirby Smith<br /> Turns the Tide of Battle—The Rebel<br /> Yell—The News of Victory—The<br /> Enemy Not Pursued—Gathering<br /> the Spoils</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>On Sunday morning, the 21st of July, quite early, -on the left, up the run, the ball opened again, and -"partners, to your places," was the order, or in army -parlance, "Fall in!" "Attention!" The Yankee -General, McDowell, stole a march on General -Beauregard that morning.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Beauregard had planned to take the aggressive, -by making an attack on McDowell's left near -Centreville, and when General Johnston reached -Beauregard about noon on the 20th, he approved the -plan; accordingly orders were issued that night to -begin the battle the next morning at sunrise. The -right wing of the Confederate forces was to cross -the run and attack the left wing of the Yankee -army. McDowell had also been doing some planning -himself, and as he got in the first lick, -frustrated the Confederate general's scheme.</p> - -<p class='c000'>He, too, proposed to use his right arm in an attack -on the Confederate left wing. McDowell put his -<span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span>army in motion before daybreak on the morning of -the 21st of July, moving out from Centreville. A -small column of infantry, artillery and cavalry, in -battle array, marched out on the road leading to the -stone bridge, the Confederate left, and at daylight -formed line of battle and opened fire at long range, -while the main body of the army was making a -detour through the woods still higher up the run, -and crossing at Sudley's Ford two miles above the -stone bridge unopposed, marched down on the -Confederate left flank and rear. As soon as General -Evans, who was in command at the stone bridge, was -apprised of this movement on the left, he changed -front with a part of his brigade to meet the attack -and sent for reënforcements. Generals Bee and Bartow -first came to his relief, and in a short time the -battle was raging fiercely. Generals Johnston and -Beauregard hearing the firing to the left, and learning -the extent and object of this movement of the -enemy, at once abandoned their contemplated attack -with their right wing, and bent every energy to -resist the attack on their left. Beauregard went -immediately to the front and displayed great -gallantry, personally leading the troops in the -charge, while Johnston remained back to direct the -forwarding of the troops to reënforce the hard-pressed -left.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Before sufficient reënforcements could reach the -scene of conflict, the heavy columns of the enemy -drove back the small forces confronting them. The -<span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span>position at the stone bridge being flanked by the -enemy and abandoned by the Confederates, the -Yankee column in front of this position crossed over -and joined the flanking column of the enemy. Some -desperate fighting was done here, and noble deeds -of valor performed by men and officers never before -in battle.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Bee and Bartow, two young generals from South -Carolina and Alabama, won immortal fame, both -giving their lives to the cause on that (to them) fateful -day. Reënforcements were hurried forward as -fast as possible, but still the Confederate lines were -pressed slowly back, contesting every foot of -ground, which was covered in many places with -second-growth pines.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>GENERAL JOHNSTON TO THE RESCUE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>By preärrangement, of which none but the chief -Confederate officers knew, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, -who was confronting a Yankee army in the Valley -under General Patterson, who had orders to hold -Johnston in the Valley while McDowell attacked -Beauregard at Manassas, was to come to General -Beauregard's support at the proper time. And if -General McDowell stole a march on Beauregard on -the morning of the 21st, General Johnston had on -the 18th stolen a march on Patterson. On the 18th, -about noon, Johnston got word from Beauregard -that McDowell was in his front with an army much -<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>larger than his own, and that now was the time to -help. Johnston, who was then at Winchester, at -once put his army in motion up the Valley pike, then -marching across towards the Blue Ridge to Piedmont, -with Jackson's Brigade in the lead, which -marched seventeen miles that afternoon. Jackson -boarded the cars at Piedmont, and on the 20th by -noon was at Manassas, the other troops following. -Jackson, as before said, was placed in rear of the -line along Bull Run as a reserve, and now, at a -critical moment on the 21st, arrived on the battlefield, -and noting the situation, remarked, so it was -said, "We will give those people the bayonet," and -forming his brigade in line of battle, stood firmly -awaiting the propitious moment, as the Yankees were -ascending the pine-covered hill on which he and his -men stood. General Bee called on his broken and retreating -men of the far South to "rally on the Virginians." -"Look," exclaimed Bee to the South -Carolinians and Alabamians, "see Jackson and his -men standing like a stone wall!" Then and there -the sobriquet of "Stonewall" was given to this -demigod of war and his brigade, which will live -forever.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As the Yankee line pressed up the hill, Jackson -charged, driving them back in confusion, thus giving -the first substantial check to the enemy, who had -pressed back the Confederate lines for a mile or -more.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span> - <h3 class='c007'>GEN. KIRBY SMITH TURNS THE TIDE OF BATTLE</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>And there was to be another "Richmond on the -field," very soon. Generals Kirby Smith and Elzey, -of Johnston's command, were on the train on the -Manassas Gap road, hurrying as fast as steam could -carry them to Manassas Junction.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Hearing the firing to the left and knowing that -the battle was not far away, instead of going on to -Manassas Junction, General Smith stopped the -trains before reaching that place, detrained the -troops, and following the rule of war, "marched -across the country to the sound of the heaviest -firing," struck the enemy on his flank, with a wild -yell that terrified the Yankees, and caused them to -break in great confusion.</p> - -<p class='c000'>General Smith was shot from his horse, though -not killed. General Elzey, who, with his brigade, -had just arrived on the scene of action, then assumed -command, and pushing his troops still further -to the rear of the Yankee lines, completed the -rout.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Such a rout and stampede as then and there -occurred has scarcely been equaled in the annals of -war. Of course, the Yankees had some troops back -towards Centreville and on the left of their line, who -were not routed and panic stricken, but I am quite -sure from what I afterwards heard, and saw the -next day, every mother's son of them who crossed -to the west or south side of Bull Run that day were -completely routed and demoralized.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span> - <h3 class='c007'>THE REBEL YELL</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>While a prisoner during the last year of the war, -I talked with a Yankee sergeant who was in the -battle, and asked him why they were so badly routed. -His answer was, "Well, when Kirby Smith came in -on our flank and raised that <em>yell</em>, we just thought -the Rebels were rising up out of the ground in those -pines, everywhere, when we broke and ran, and -never stopped until we crossed the Long Bridge into -Washington City." This Yankee laid stress on the -"yell." The Yankee cheering was done in unison -and in time. It was "hip, hip, huzza, huzza, huzza," -which sounded coarse and harsh to the ear, while -the "Rebel yell" was one continuous shout of -mingled voices, without any intermission, unisonance -or time. Each man just opened his mouth as -wide as he could, strained his voice to the highest -pitch and yelled as long as his breath lasted, then -refilling the lungs, repeated it again and again. It -was a commingling of shrill, loud sounds, that rent -the air and could be heard for a distance of two -miles or more, often carrying terror to the enemy. -It was awe-inspiring to the Yankees, but joyous -sounds to the Confederates when victory was -achieved. The "Rebel yell" was a child of victory, -born that day on the plains of Manassas, and was -afterwards, by common consent, adopted as the -battle shout of the army of Northern Virginia.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>I have given at some length, principally from -hearsay, the main features of the battle on the left -of the Confederate lines, in order that what occurred -at and near Blackburn's Ford, where Longstreet's -Brigade was posted, may be better described and -understood.</p> - -<p class='c000'>During the whole of this day, the Yankees kept -up a show of fight at Blackburn's Ford, in order to -prevent the Confederate troops on the right from -going to the relief of the hard-pressed left. Bonham, -Holmes, Ewell, Early (except the Twenty-fourth -Regiment, which remained at Blackburn's -Ford), and Cocke, or the greater part of these -brigades, were sent to the left. Early was late in -getting upon the scene of action, owing to the miscarriage -of the order for him to move, which was, -from some unknown cause, delayed three hours. He -rendered good service, however, pressing still further -on the enemy's right and rear than Kirby Smith -and Elzey had done. Jones and Longstreet remained -at McLean's and Blackburn's Ford.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>UNDER SHELLING</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Throughout the whole day the Yankees shelled -these positions at intervals of every five or ten -minutes.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the afternoon the two brigades and the -Twenty-fourth Regiment crossed over the run, -formed in column of regiments and lay down in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>the woods, expecting every moment to be ordered -forward and charge the battery in front, the shells -from which were continually bursting among the -tree-tops, cutting off branches, these, and the fragments -of shells, falling around, now and then striking -some one.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember how sleepy I was, lying there in the -woods that hot July day, often dozing between the -shots. We had slept but little the past three nights. -The boom of the guns, the scream of the shells, the -dull thud of the pieces striking the ground and sometimes -a man, was enough to awake the dead almost, -and made all lie low and hug mother earth pretty -closely, but still I dozed between shots.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is surprising how close men can get to the -ground when lying under a good, brisk shelling; -great affection seems to be manifested for the dust, -from which all sprung. At such times, a lizard, -when rocked by a boy, never laid flatter on a fence -rail than the soldiers lay on the ground. It was -afterwards said, that orders were sent Jones and -Longstreet to advance on the enemy's left near -Centreville, but the order was not delivered; it was -conjectured that the messenger was killed by a shell.</p> - -<p class='c000'>All day at Blackburn's Ford we could hear the -battle raging up the run to the left; the booming of -cannon, the explosion of the shells, and the noise of -the musketry could be distinctly heard.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Sometimes the sounds would die down, the -musketry firing amounting to little more than a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>sharp skirmish; then again the noise of the battle -would rise higher and louder, sometimes drawing -nearer and then recede and die down almost entirely, -then fiercely rise again, while the loud peals of the -battery in our front waked the echoes far and near. -All this time the strain and suspense were terrible; -no tidings as to how the battle was going came to -us; no news came, only the roar of the battle two or -three miles away could be heard. I thought this -fight was the biggest that had ever occurred in the -history of the world; others were of the same -opinion. Col. Bob Preston in the midst of the battle -remarked to Colonel Withers, as I heard Colonel -Withers relate afterwards, that "the battle of -Waterloo was a mere skirmish to it." I could not -conceive on the 18th, while the fighting was in -progress, how any could escape where so much shooting -was going on. And, now on this, the 21st, the -shooting was going on all day.</p> - -<p class='c000'>What must be the result! How many dead and -dying were lying on the field of strife? Were our -friends getting the best of the fight, or were the -Yankees going to be victorious? How soon would -we be called into action, and charge through the -open fields up "to the very cannon's mouth"? And -what would be the result? Would we capture the -battery and drive away the infantry support, or be -repulsed and driven back? Who and how many -would be left on the field wounded, bleeding, dying -and dead? All this and much more we had time -<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>to think of on that hot, never-to-be-forgotten 21st -day of July, 1861. This was one of the days that -the sun seemed to stand still, or move slower than -usual. I never saw our company, regiment or -brigade falter in battle or fail to respond to any -call, but I never saw them "eager for the fight," as -it is sometimes expressed. My observation of men, -and my own feelings on the eve of the battle, going -into the fight, or in the midst of strife, was that the -bravest realized the danger and dreaded the fiery -ordeal, yet did their duty when bidden.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dr. W. H. Taylor in his "Experiences of an -Assistant Surgeon," says, "I freely admit that I was -never in a battle but that I should have felt the most -exultant joy if I had been out of it." I freely -concur in this statement as to myself and all whom -I observed in battle.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE NEWS OF VICTORY</h3> - -<p class='c008'>At last, as the sun was sinking over the western -hills, and the shadows lengthening, tidings from the -battlefield came, and joyful news it was.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The firing had just ceased, except now and then -a cannon shot in the distance; the battery in our -front had ceased firing—there was an ominous -silence; the very air around us, hot and sultry as it -was, seemed surcharged with something more than -summer heat and sulphuric fumes from exploding -shells. Every man was now on his feet, all nerves -<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>were strung to the highest pitch; every one, from the -highest officer to the humblest private, wore a look -of intense anxiety, all in silent expectancy. What -did all this portend? Was it a calm before a -mightier storm than we had heard during the day, -that was about to burst? Or had the storm already -spent itself, and what was the result? Or had the -contestants in the deadly all-day strife up the run -been exhausted, and lay limp and impotent on the -ground, unable to strike another blow, the one at -the other? Or had they, like the Kilkenny cats, -devoured each other, leaving none to tell the tale?</p> - -<p class='c000'>As the noise of battle died away, from away up -the run we heard shouts and cheers, at first scarcely -audible, then louder and nearer came the cheers, -rolling along down the valley of Bull Run in seeming -waves of mingled voices, each wave rising -higher and more distinct. Messengers mounted on -fleet-footed steeds, which that day had become war -horses that sniffed the smoke of battle, not "from -afar," but on the very field of strife and carnage, -hurried down the lines along the run, shouting, -"Victory! victory! victory; complete victory!" -Each detachment took up the joyous shout and -wafted it on to those below. From Mitchell's Ford, -just above us, where Bonham and his South -Carolinians on the 18th held the fort and let fly the -dogs of war on the enemy's flank, Longstreet's -Brigade caught the inspiration and raised its first -"Rebel yell" that made the welkin ring, and sent the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span>glad and glorious news on down to Jones and his -men at McLean's Ford, and quickly came the echo -back in ringing peals.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Then details of the victory began to come in. -The enemy was completely routed; many prisoners -and many guns had been captured. Then it came -that "Long Tom," a noted Yankee cannon, was -captured; then that Sherman's Battery, the crack -artillery of the United States Army, was taken; then -that Rickett's, another noted battery, and also Griffin's, -had all been captured. The first mentioned -battery, with Capt. W. T. Sherman in command, -won laurels in the Mexican War, and had been -known ever since as Sherman's Battery.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Longstreet at once led his brigade forward into -the open field, at the farther side of which was a -redoubt with abattis in front, where had been stationed -the Yankee guns that shelled us all day. -How different were our feelings now from what -they would have been if we had entered this field -during the day, and been met by a shower of shot, -shell, grape and canister! Now, we were without -fear, exultant and in high spirits; before, we would -have been rent with missiles of death, great gaps -would have been torn through the column of regiments, -and many would have been left wounded -and dead on the field.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The brigade marched on into the woods beyond -the field towards Centreville, bivouacking on the -ground of a Yankee camp, which the enemy had just -<span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span>abandoned, leaving evidences of hasty departure; -coffee, sugar, hard-tack, and many articles of food -and equipments lay scattered around. Some of the -men shouted, "Don't eat them things, they may be -pizened." Later on the "pizen" was not for a -moment considered when a Yankee camp was -raided, and when many a hungry Rebel ate to his -full once more.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As the Eleventh Regiment was taking position in -camp for the night, General Longstreet, "Old Pete," -as he was sometimes called, rode close by, when -Colonel Garland called on the men of the Eleventh -to give three cheers for General Longstreet, which -were given with a will, then some one, Captain -Clement, I think, called out, "Three cheers for -Colonel Garland," and again the shouts were raised. -Warnings were sent not to use the water from Bull -Run; it was said the stream up about the stone -bridge was filled with dead Yankees and overflowing -its banks from the obstructions of the bodies. -This was a great exaggeration; in fact, few, if any, -Yankees were dead in the stream.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankee army was in full retreat, and more; -the larger part of it was in complete rout and panic. -The cry of "On to Richmond" was quickly changed -to "Back to Washington."</p> - -<p class='c000'>A soldier, unless panic stricken, will hold on to his -gun to the last; only when completely demoralized -does he cast away his weapon of offense and defense, -then he is little more than a frightened animal. The -<span class='pageno' id='Page_78'>78</span>army of Northern Virginia was never panic stricken. -General Lee said, "My men sometimes fail to drive -the enemy, but the enemy does not drive my men," -which was literally true up to the very beginning of -the end, or rather, if the expression is permissible, -up to the very ending of the end. Let the mind run -back over the long list of desperate encounters that -this army had with the enemy during those four -bloody years, and this will be found to be literally -true.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE ENEMY NOT PURSUED</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Much has been said about the failure of a vigorous -pursuit of the enemy at and immediately after this -battle of Manassas. Without going into details or -giving reasons in <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">in extenso</span></i> for my opinion, I have -always contended that Johnston and Beauregard -acted wisely and prudently under all the circumstances. -No one in the Confederate army at the -close of that day knew or had any means of knowing -how panic stricken the Yankee soldiers really -were. There were several thousand soldiers in and -around Centreville, who had not been engaged, in -position and condition to resist a pursuit by any -force the Confederates could have sent against them -that night; it's a very risky business to pursue a -retreating army in the night time; traps, ambuscades, -and surprises are easily planned and executed, -into which the rash pursuers are sure to fall. A -large majority of the Confederate troops had been -<span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span>marching or fighting, or both, all day, many without -rations, and were in no condition to pursue the -enemy ten, fifteen or twenty miles that night. The -bulk of the fleeing enemy had gotten several miles -away, and was still going, before it could have been -possible to organize anything like a systematic and -immediate pursuit. Even if the enemy had had no -organized rear guard, it would have been one mob -pursuing another mob.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederate army could not have possibly -reached the vicinity of the Potomac River opposite -Washington City before the next day, and then not -before noon. Here all approaches were well -fortified, mounted with siege guns and manned, and -the capture of Washington would have been an -impossibility.</p> - -<p class='c000'>So then, away with the cry then raised by bomb-proof -generals in editors' chairs a hundred miles or -more away, and, as has been since often repeated, -that "if Johnston and Beauregard had pursued, or if -Jeff Davis, who came upon the scene of action late -in the afternoon, had not prevented a pursuit, Washington -could have been captured and the war then -and there ended." I did not believe then, have not -since, nor now believe, that any such thing could -have been accomplished.</p> - -<p class='c000'>And above and far beyond all opinions and -speculations on this question is the fact, that Joseph -E. Johnston, G. T. Beauregard, and Jefferson Davis -were all on the ground, and if these three men, with -<span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span>all their experience, wisdom and information did not -know what was the right thing to do, who could, -would, or should have known?</p> - -<p class='c000'>In this battle the losses were nothing like as large -as expected, when all was summed up. The Confederate -loss was estimated at a little less than four -hundred killed and not quite fifteen hundred -wounded.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The enemy lost about five hundred killed, one -thousand wounded, and about fifteen hundred -prisoners.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederates captured many pieces of -cannon, thousands of small arms, accoutrements, -camp equipage, etc.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>GATHERING THE SPOILS</h3> - -<p class='c008'>On the next day, the 22d of July, Longstreet's -Brigade was detailed to scour the country between -Centreville and the Stone Bridge to secure the cast-away -arms and equipments the Yankees left in their -wild flight from the battlefield. The whole brigade -was deployed, as if in skirmish line, on either side of -the Warrenton turnpike, converging as it moved -on to the crossing at the Stone Bridge. The greater -part of the day was spent in picking up muskets, -cartridge-boxes, belts, knapsacks, haversacks, canteens, -coats, hats, blankets, etc. It was a dark, -drizzly, foggy day, much of the way through second -growth pines. I remember as we were crouching -<span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>beneath the low-hanging branches of the pines late -in the afternoon, some of Company C were considerably -startled by a cry of "halt." It proved -to be a little Yankee soldier, a mere youth, who was -hatless and had been wounded in the head, which -was bound up with a bloody bandage. He had been -in hiding since the day before in the pine thicket, -presenting a forlorn appearance as he crept out -from his hiding place. He had called out "halt," -doubtless from habit formed while on guard duty, -to attract attention. He was not badly wounded -and was taken along and turned over to the provost -guard who had charge of the prisoners.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Crossing over the stone bridge, the brigade went -into camp for the night at the top of the long hill -on the Warrenton pike, on a part of the battlefield -where there were many dead horses and men, broken -cannon carriages, caissons, and ammunition wagons.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Along the road between the stone bridge and -Centreville much flotsam and jetsam, cast-away and -abandoned things, lay strewn around on all sides. -Large numbers of people, men and women, had -followed in the wake of the army to witness the -battle, and to join in the "On to Richmond," which -all expected to follow at once. It was currently -reported and believed among the Yankee soldiers -and people of the North that the "Rebel army" was -but a half-organized mob, armed only with flint-lock -muskets and shotguns that could be easily brushed -out of the way. Great preparations had been made -<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>for a big ball in the city of Richmond within the -next few days. Many carriages filled with women, -with all their ball costumes, were also along; Congressmen -and other dignitaries came from Washington -to witness the battle, and see the "Rebels -run"; wagons and carts loaded with baskets of -wines, liquors, and other things; stacks of pound-cake, -confectioneries and fruits, oranges, lemons, etc. -During the day, while the "Rebels" were being -driven back, these spectators followed along the -road and drew near the stone bridge, all, no doubt, -in high feather and glee with much eating and -drinking, and watched the scenes at the front.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the tide of battle turned and the stream -of flying Yankee soldiers, artillery, caissons, ammunition -wagons and ambulances came rushing -back, these spectators, in dismay and horror, turned -to fly, but the mad rush of the army fleeing was -upon them; no respect was paid to sex or person. -It was, "Every man for himself and the devil take -the hindermost."</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederate batteries galloped to the top of -the hill south of the run and sent shells screaming -along the road. The cavalry crossed the stone bridge -and dashed into the rearmost ranks, all causing confusion -worst confounded. Carriages, carts and -wagons were upset, their occupants and contents -dumped out and scattered along the road. Some of -these civilians were taken prisoners, including Congressman -Eli, of percussion-cap fame, whose -<span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>carriage had broken down or overturned; I think -he was taken to Richmond and soon afterwards -released, and returned to Washington, doubtless a -wiser, if not a better man. At the stone bridge a -wagon or gun-carriage had been overturned or -broken down; here there was a perfect jam of all -kinds of vehicles that blocked the bridge.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After this our men were much better supplied -with guns, cartridge-boxes, haversacks, canteens, -knapsacks, oilcloths, blankets, and many other -things; and all during the war until the last year, -1865, the Yankees supplied Lee's army with such -things, leaving them laying around loose on almost -every battlefield.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The next day the brigade marched back to camp -at Manassas, passing over much of the battlefield, -where still lay among the scrub-pines many swollen, -blackened corpses yet unburied, though details were -at work at the gruesome task. Conspicuous among -the dead bodies could be seen the New York Zouaves -with flashy uniforms and red fez with tassel, loose, -red knee-pants and long stockings; big stalwart -fellows they were, with bronzed faces and necks, -but now they lay dead upon the battlefield. And -doubtless some, if not all of us, in the words of the -"good old Rebel," "wished we'd killed some more."</p> - -<p class='c000'>These men had invaded Virginia with guns in -their hands, and we knew they had met their just -deserts. Virginia and the South only wanted to be -let alone; peacefully to withdraw from the compact, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>leaving the states north of Mason and Dixon's -line with their "Union and their Flag," to cherish -and love as they pleased. Only this and nothing -more. But the North would not, as Horace Greeley -advised, "Let their erring sisters of the South depart -in peace." Instead, they waged upon the South a -most cruel and devastating war. The Yankees are -still charging that the South tried to break up the -United States Government. This is a false charge. -The South made no attack on the United States -Government. The South only attempted to get from -under the yoke of the North and be a free people.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_VI' class='c004'>CHAPTER VI<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>To Centreville and Fairfax Court House—Picket<br /> Close to the Enemy—Exciting<br /> Times on Picket—Back to Centreville—The<br /> Fight at<br /> Drainesville</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>On the 24th of July, the brigade broke camp -at Manassas and marched to Centreville, where the -Eleventh Regiment pitched its tents, just on the -outskirts of that little hamlet of a few houses.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Other troops were camped round about, all in -fine spirits, fast learning to be soldiers, always keeping -up the drills, company and regimental. Colonel -Garland was a fine drill officer and had the regiment -well drilled. While here General Longstreet had -brigade drills a few times, but this did not amount to -much, and was never tried again. In battle the -maneuvers practiced in drilling were seldom used; -but drilling learned the men to keep together, rally -and get into line quickly when separated. In battle -few orders were heard except "fall into line," "load," -"commence firing," "cease firing," "forward," -"charge," and the like. Sometimes, but not often, -in the army of Northern Virginia, the command -was heard, "fall back."</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span> - <h3 class='c007'>ADVANCE TO FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>On the 10th of August, 1861, the brigade moved -to Fairfax Court House, seven miles. The day was -intensely hot, and many fell by the wayside, going -into camp just north of the town; not a very desirable -camping ground, as it was rather low and flat. It -rained a good deal and there was a great deal of sickness, -measles, typhoid fever, and diarrhea. It was -surprising how many men had never had measles; it -seemed that half or more of the army had the -disease the first year of the war, and large numbers -died from the effects. Typhoid fever frequently -followed the measles, often proving fatal. While -here my brother Coon had measles which was -followed by fever. He was taken to the field -hospital near camp, and after remaining there in a -tent a few days, Dr. Thornhill said if he was not -sent away he would die. I immediately went to work -and got a sick-furlough for him, carried him to -Manassas in an ambulance, put him on the train the -next day on a mattress and started him for Lynchburg; -he was too sick and weak to sit up, but I -could not go with him. On the train, as good fortune -would have it, was the Rev. H. M. Linney, a -Methodist preacher, who was or had been the year -before on the Campbell County circuit. Mr. Linney -acted the part of the Good Samaritan and ministered -to his wants until the train reached Lynchburg, -where he was met by my brother-in-law, Mr. Geo. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>A. Burks, to whom I had wired. Mr. Burks took -him to his house where he had a long and severe -spell of fever.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>PICKET CLOSE TO ENEMY—EXCITING TIMES</h3> - -<p class='c008'>After the brigade moved to Fairfax Court House, -we did a great deal of picket duty down towards -Alexandria and Washington City, close to the -enemy's line. We were sometimes in sight of the -dome of the capital, and could see the Yankees drilling -on the high hills on the south side of the Potomac -River. The Yankees often had a balloon up in the -air, anchored by a long cable, at which a cannon -shot would sometimes be fired, and a shot brought -it down. This shot, I think, was fired by Lieut. -Thos. L. Rosser, afterwards General Rosser. The -principal picket posts were at Mason's, Munson's -and Upton's Hill's, Falls Church, and near -Annandale.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One night Company C, and a cavalry company -commanded by Captain —— Carter, were on picket -near Annandale, close to the enemy's line, when, about -midnight, a squad of Company C, on outpost duty, -came in to the reserve post, and reported that a body -of cavalry was approaching along the road by which -we had come from Centreville. It was at once -conjectured that the Yankee cavalry had, by another -road, flanked our position, gotten in the rear and -was attempting to bag the Confederate pickets. -Captains Clement and Carter made disposition of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>the two companies to give the enemy a warm -reception. Company C was posted along the fence -by the roadside, while Captain Carter formed his -company in the field a short distance in the rear. -Instructions were given to the men to let the cavalry -approaching pass along the road until the head of -the column reached the extreme right of our line, -and then, at a signal from Captain Clement, to open -fire on them, when Captain Carter and his company -would charge; this was the plan and instructions in -case the approaching horsemen proved to be, as was -believed, Yankees.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The night was dark; objects could be distinguished -only a few feet away. In silence we anxiously -awaited the coming of the approaching cavalrymen, -the noise of whose horses' hoofs we soon heard coming -down the hill; the suspense was intense. Every -man had his gun at a "ready," determined, at the -proper signal, to pour a volley into the enemy, who, -when along the road in our immediate front, would -not be more than ten feet from the muzzles of the -guns. On, the horsemen came in silence, right along -in our front; each man clutched his musket tighter; -not a word or whisper was uttered, until the front -files of the column had reached the right of the -line, when Captain Clement, who had taken position -at that point, called out in his deep bass voice, in a -firm tone, "Halt! Who comes there?" In an -instant the horsemen came to a standstill and the -answer to the challenge came from the front files, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span>"Friends, with the countersign;" whereupon -Captain Clement called out, "Advance one and give -the countersign." One of the men came up and in -a low tone gave the word, which, as I remember, -was "Richmond." Captain Clement at once called -out, "Countersign correct, advance, friends," and -the scare was over, and each party felt much -relieved.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Explanations followed, which developed that this -company had been sent down to strengthen the picket -post, and had not taken the precaution to send a -single horseman in front to notify us of their -coming.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These men thought, they said, when they were -halted and heard the click of some of our men's -musket locks, as they made ready to fire, that they -were right in the midst of the Yankees. If a single -shot had been fired by either side (and it is often -hard to restrain men under such circumstances), -there would have been many friends slain by friends. -I think this was after we moved back to Centreville -in the fall.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Another, and for a time rather serious, but in -the end, amusing incident occurred while on picket -near Falls Church. Here the lines were close together -and the pickets often in sight of each other. -The picket forces were heavy, sometimes with a -battery of artillery along. On one occasion the -Yankees had a post in a house a few hundred yards -away, across a wooded ravine, and the captain of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>battery concluded he would shell this Yankee post. -Company C was drawn up in line, near by, as a -support in case the Yankees made a dash to capture -the guns. Two guns were let loose on the house, -and it was fun to watch the Yankees scamper out -and take to their heels. Pretty soon some one said, -"Don't you hear the Yankees bringing up their guns? -They are going to shell us." This changed the humor -of the men very quickly from hilarity and good feelings -to solemnity and anxiety for their own safety. -Just as it was expected the Yankee guns were about -to open fire, one of the men, looking pretty nervous -and rather pale about the gills, like most of us, -turned to Captain Clement and said with earnestness, -"I don't think it is <em>far</em> to have cannon on -picket." It was great fun to see the Yankees skedaddle, -but quite another thing to be shelled. The -Yankees did not shell us, but we laughed at Peter -Cary many times afterwards about this remark.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While on picket down there at Falls Church we -fared fine. I remember some of us would go every -morning to a house for breakfast, where we feasted -on buckwheat cakes, butter, honey and milk.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Near Mason's Hill, at a picket post, there was a -large farm occupied by a Yankee, who had abandoned -it upon the approach of the Confederates, and -gone within the Yankee lines, leaving a fine -garden, large cornfields, fruit, etc. The soldiers -were told these things had been confiscated by the -Confederate authorities for their use, on account of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>the disloyalty of the owner, and they fairly feasted -on roasting-ears, potatoes, tomatoes, etc.,—boiling -camp kettles full of potatoes and corn. Some of -the men would eat as many as twelve or fourteen -ears of corn at one time; Ned Gilliam, I believe, -was the champion corn eater, and Tom and Jabe -Rosser, Sam Franklin, the Tweedy and Jones boys, -and others, were close seconds. I think maybe they -appropriated some bee-gums, or their contents, and -perhaps some jars of preserves and other sweets. -I must say that Company C had very few men in it -who would forage illegally. On one occasion a year -or two afterwards, I suspected some of the company -of killing a hog while down in the south-side -of Virginia, though I did not know it, and took no -pains to investigate, as meat was very scarce about -that time: in fact, we had none, and it was right -hard for a soldier to let a hog bite him and not kill -it when hungry. I have heard soldiers say that they -would kill a sheep if it tried to bite them. Some of -the boys told a story on R. H. Jones about eating, -or rather, not eating "stolen hog." Bob was quite -young and very conscientious. On one occasion his -mess had fresh pork for breakfast which they did -not draw from the commissary. When the chops -were fried brown and crisp, the boys gathered -around the frying-pan and began eating. Bob sat -aloof, munching on his corn pone, when some one -said, "Bob, have some meat." "No," drawled Bob, -"I don't eat stolen hog," all the while looking at the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span>pan and nibbling away on his dry bread. Again -some one said, "Bob, you better have some, it's -mighty good." Bob reached over towards the pan -with his bread and said, "I won't eat any of the -meat, but will take a little of the gravy."</p> - -<p class='c000'>While encamped around Fairfax Court House, -the whole army was thrown into a high fever of -excitement one day by the beating of the long roll. -Under the army regulations the long roll is never -beaten except in cases of emergency—the sudden and -unexpected attack or approach of the enemy. When -the long roll is sounded it is the duty of every drum -corps in hearing to take it up and repeat it, and every -man is hastily called to arms. On this occasion the -long roll was started without cause by a <em>fresh</em> -"officer of the day," as he said, "to see what effect -it would have." For miles around the drums rolled -and there was much hurrying and scurrying of staff -officers and couriers. I think the "officer of the day" -got a court-martial for his freshness, and very -likely, if "old Jube" had the say-so, a good <em>cussing</em>.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>BACK TO CENTREVILLE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>On the 19th or 20th of October, 1861, the army -moved back to Centreville and went into camp—the -Eleventh Regiment on the same ground it had -before occupied.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The whole army was encamped round about and -along Bull Run; rations were plentiful and the men -<span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span>passed a very comfortable winter, making pipes and -trinkets from ivy roots dug up along Bull Run, -which had now become historic.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Fifth Louisian Regiment was camped about -one-half mile from the Eleventh Virginia. The -Louisian Regiment had a fine band, and every afternoon -would play many patriotic pieces, including -"Dixie," "The Bonnie Blue Flag," etc. The -Eleventh Regiment also had a very good band, led -by Geo. W. Lyman, of Lynchburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We still picketed down close to Fairfax Court -House. While on picket there during the winter I -was taken with break-bone fever and sent home on -a sick furlough. It was a rainy time, and I slept one -night on a pile of rails, and the next morning every -bone in my body was aching. I remember telling -old Dr. Withers of this after I got home, when he -remarked, "Sleeping on rails is well calculated to -make one's bones ache." I had never seen our -little boy, Dixie, who was born on the 25th of -September, 1861, and was then about five months -old. He was a fine little fellow, and a great comfort -to his mother in my absence. Of course, we all -enjoyed the home-coming.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While I was away the regiment went on a foraging -expedition, in support of Stuart's Cavalry, north -of Centreville. Near Drainesville they got into a -fight with the Yankees, when Wm. H. Hobson, of -Company C, a cousin of my wife, was mortally -wounded, being shot through the bowels, dying soon -<span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span>afterwards. He was the first man of Company C -killed. Lieut. H. C. Chalmers, of Company A, lost -an arm in this fight.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As soon as I was well again, I returned to the -army, which was still at Centreville, where it remained -for some time.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While in camp here, Governor Letcher visited -the army and presented each Virginia Regiment with -a new State flag. The troops were all drawn up -around one of the forts, the colonels going up into -the fort, the Governor making a speech to each as -he presented the flags, and the colonels, on receiving -them, replying. I remember Col. Eppa Hunton, of -the Eighth Virginia, said in his speech, "Every man -in Fauquier County shall be carried home feet foremost -before his flag will be surrendered." I think -this was the summer or fall before or during our -first encampment at Centreville.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_VII' class='c004'>CHAPTER VII<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Fall Back From Centreville—The Peninsula<br /> Campaign—Yorktown Line Evacuated—The<br /> Battle of Williamsburg—"Give<br /> it to Them"—Into a Hot Fire—Colonel<br /> Garland Wounded—Incidents<br /> of the Battle—Garland<br /> and Kemper<br /> Promoted</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Gen. Joseph E. Johnston had been for some -time sole commander of the army, General Beauregard -having been ordered south some months before. -Gen. George B. McClellan, who succeeded General -McDowell, was in command of the Yankee army, -and had been all winter recruiting, reorganizing, -equipping and drilling what he claimed to be "the -finest army on the planet," some 125,000 strong. -When winter began to break, General Johnston knew -his adversary would soon move against him, and -thinking it not prudent to stand his ground at -Centreville or Manassas, against so powerful an -army, with only about 40,000 men, just as McClellan -was preparing to advance, the Confederate -army, on the 9th of March, 1862, broke camp, -having first made dummy cannons of wood, painted -black, mounting them in the forts and redoubts -<span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>around Centreville, also dummy soldiers, in order -to deceive and delay the enemy. The army retired -leisurely at first, stopping several days at a time -in camp.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The terms of enlistment of most of the Confederate -troops were about to expire, and the men -were called upon to reenlist for the war, which -nearly all did. On this march, while in camp a few -days, Company C elected officers to take the place -of those who had been at first elected and whose -terms would expire about the 1st of May. Captain -Clement was reëlected captain, I was elected first -lieutenant, James Connelly was reëlected second -lieutenant, and Jabez R. Rosser was elected third -lieutenant. J. A. Hobson and H. H. Withers, first -and second lieutenants, not being reëlected, left the -company at the end of their terms. About this time -the company received a number of recruits, the militiamen -up to thirty-five years old having been called -out and given the privilege of joining the companies -of their choice. The recruits were mostly married -men, from twenty-five to thirty-five years old.</p> - -<p class='c000'>McClellan did not essay to follow Johnston, but -determined to change his base and plan of campaign -from Northern Virginia to the Peninsula. His army -was accordingly embarked on transports, sailing -down the Potomac and Chesapeake Bay, landing at -the lower end of the Peninsula at Fortress Monroe.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As soon as General Johnston was aware of this -move, he put his army in motion and marched -<span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>rapidly to Richmond. The march was through -Prince William, Spottsylvania, Hanover, and -Henrico counties, into Richmond, where we arrived -on the 12th of April, 1862. This march was very -laborious, through rain and mud, the troops often -marching through fields to avoid the muddy roads, -and to give place to the trains of artillery and baggage -and commissary wagons. At that time each -regiment had thirteen wagons, but never again after -the Peninsula campaign; after that year about three -was the limit.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This was the first real hard marching we had -done. Some of the men gave out on the route, and -had to be hauled in wagons and ambulances; many -had their knapsacks hauled. Only one man of -Company C besides myself carried their knapsacks, -blankets and guns through without any help.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE PENINSULA CAMPAIGN</h3> - -<p class='c008'>On arriving at Richmond on the 12th of April -the troops were embarked on boats, steamed down -the James to King's Landing, seven miles from -Williamsburg, marching through that quaint and -dilapidated old town, on down the Peninsula to the -lines near Yorktown, where General Magruder was -in command with fifteen or twenty thousand men, -confronting McClellan and his "grand army" on the -lines stretching across the Peninsula from the York -to the James. McClellan had 125,000 men; Johnston -about 50,000, all told.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>The lines, at the point the Eleventh Regiment -faced the Yankees, were about one thousand yards -apart; at other places the lines were much closer, -and there were frequent skirmishes and sharp-shooting. -Forts at intervals along the lines were -mounted with big guns, and shots were often exchanged.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One day I was standing behind one of the Confederate -guns, when a shot from a thirty-two-pounder -was fired at a Yankee fort one thousand -yards off, across an open level field, and saw the ball, -a black mass, as it sped across the field, go right into -the fort and explode. Of course, we could not -see from that distance what damage was done, but -heard afterwards from prisoners that this shell -played havoc in the Yankee fort, killing and wounding -men right and left, and tearing up things generally. -This was a splendid shot, aimed and the -fuse timed exactly right; it went to the very spot desired, -exploding at the very second to do the most -damage. The Yankees did not return the fire.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The service on the Peninsula was arduous and -disagreeable; in the muddy trenches, or back in the -woods, lying on the rain-soaked ground, or marching -along the cut-up and muddy roads, was trying -indeed, and caused no little sickness among the -troops. Harvey Bailey, of Company C, died of disease -while here. One night while the regiment lay -back in the woods, the men sleeping on their arms, -that is, every man lying with his gun by his side, instead -<span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>of being stacked, there was a night alarm, with -sharp musketry firing along the trenches; all were -aroused and under arms in a moment. It was a -cloudy, pitch-dark night, and we did not know what -the trouble was. Just as the firing ceased the hooting -of a big owl was heard in the distance. "There now," -was whispered along the lines, "we are cut off; -that is a Yankee signal." Nothing came of it, -however, except a good scare. When soldiers are -thus suddenly aroused at night by a call to arms, it -causes a chilling sensation, and they shake like one -with the "buck ague."</p> - -<p class='c000'>General Johnston was often seen riding along the -lines, sitting his horse very erect, and presenting a -soldierly appearance. He always reminded me of -a gamecock trimmed and gaffed ready for the main. -While here our first year of enlistment expired, and -I entered upon the duties of first lieutenant; I had -been orderly sergeant up to this time, carrying a -musket.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>YORKTOWN LINES EVACUATED</h3> - -<p class='c008'>General Johnston, getting information that McClellan -was preparing to send a force by transports -up York River to West Point, and which he, Johnston, -had no means of preventing, and thus get in his -rear and between him and Richmond, it was determined -to evacuate the Yorktown line of defense. -Accordingly, about the 3d or 4th of May, 1862, the -trenches were evacuated and the whole army began -<span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>falling back up the Peninsula, the wagons and -artillery in front. The Yankees made a landing at -West Point, but were driven back to their transports -by a force sent to meet them. As we marched up -the Peninsula we could hear the booming of the big -guns in this fight.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The roads were in wretched condition, muddy -and badly cut up by the long trains of wagons and -artillery, making the march very trying and disagreeable, -for it rained nearly every day about this time. -No one who has not marched on foot behind army -wagon and artillery trains has any conception of -what muddy roads are. Horses and mules were -sometimes literally buried in the mud and left to -perish, or shot dead on the spot.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is surprising how much fatigue and hardship -men can stand when put to it. Soldiers were often -put to the supreme test of endurance, and, no doubt, -many an old Confederate soldier often says to himself, -"How did we stand those long, tiresome -marches, through the rain and mud of spring, -through the dust and heat of summer, and midst -snow and ice of winter, often poorly shod, scantily -clothed, and on short, very short rations, sometimes -none at all." A man can stand more than a horse. -But the Confederate soldiers did stand these things, -enduring more, perhaps, than any soldiers ever endured -before. It took men to do these things—men -with muscles, sinews, and nerves in their bodies, and -courage in their hearts; and then, on the battlefield, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>to meet the foe two, three, and four to one, -and vanquish that foe, took men of the highest -valor. Of such was the Confederate soldier. The -service of our Revolutionary fathers was not comparable -to the arduous trials and privations of the -Confederate soldiers. The privations and suffering -of the army at Valley Forge during the winter of -1777-78 was as nothing to the experiences of the -Confederates around Petersburg during the winter -of 1864-5.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On February 8, 1865, General Lee wrote to the -Secretary of War to this effect: "For three days and -nights the right wing of the army has been in line -of battle; some of the men have had no meat for -three days, and all suffering from reduced rations -and scant clothing, exposed to the fire of the enemy, -cold, hail and sleet." About the same time General -Lee issued a circular letter to the farmers in the -surrounding country, beseeching them to "loan the -army all the cornmeal and sorghum they could -spare." But I am anticipating, so back to the -Peninsula.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG</h3> - -<p class='c008'>I should have stated before, that about the time -the army fell back from Centreville and Manassas, -General Longstreet was promoted to major-general, -and Col. A. P. Hill of the Thirteenth Virginia Regiment -was promoted to brigadier-general, and -assigned to Longstreet's old brigade, which now -formed a part of Longstreet's Division.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>On the afternoon of the 4th of May, the brigade -marched through the town of Williamsburg; slept -on their arms in an open field just west of the town. -Early next morning it was evident to all that a fight -was on hand—staff officers and couriers were riding -hither and thither in great haste. McClellan was -pressing on General Johnston's rear a little too -closely to suit him, and Johnston determined to give -him a taste of what was in store for him later on.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Hill's Brigade, as well as other troops, infantry -and artillery, were marched back through the town. -Just at the eastern limits of the town the brigade -turned off the road to the right, through the fields, -and was massed in a deep hollow. Other troops -were known to be in the woods a few hundred yards -in front, and we were in position as their support.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Other troops had passed on down the Yorktown -road towards Fort McGruder, and the other forts -east of Williamsburg, some of which the Confederates -had abandoned. I remember Latham's -Battery dashing by, as we marched through the -streets, at a gallop. Latham's Battery was from -Lynchburg, and the men well known to many of the -Eleventh Regiment. Some one in the Eleventh called -out to them as they passed, asking if they were -going into the fight. "Yes," shouted back Jim Ley, -one of the battery; "Latham's Battery is always in -the fight." Artillery firing could already be heard -at the front. As the men passed along the streets, -they unslung their knapsacks, depositing them in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>the front yards of the houses on the street—stripping -for the fight. There were no forts or breastworks -in our front, nor was there any artillery with -the brigade or with the troops in front. The position -was the extreme right of the Confederate lines.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE BATTLE BEGINS</h3> - -<p class='c008'>We did not have to wait long. Sharp musketry -firing soon commenced in the woods—lasting only -a short time, however. About the time the firing -ceased, the brigade was ordered forward, not in -line of battle, but marching by the flank. As we -entered the woods Gen. Roger A. Pryor and a few -men came out and moved off to the left, along the -edge of the field. Soon after getting into the woods -the brigade was formed in line of battle by the -maneuver, "By the right flank into line." The -woods were thick with much undergrowth, and we -could see only a few yards in front.</p> - -<p class='c000'>For some time after the line was formed, everything -was quiet. It was a cloudy, misty morning, -and the air was filled with the smoke of the recent -firing; no enemy was in sight nor could we see -any of the Confederates who had been engaged. It -has always been a mystery to me what became of -these troops. We could see and smell the smoke -from their guns, but not a man was seen, except -perhaps fifteen or twenty who came out as we -entered.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span>Company C was on the left of the Eleventh Regiment, -and the Seventh Regiment, commanded by -Col. James L. Kemper, was the next regiment on -the left. Colonel Kemper took position at the right -of his regiment. My place, as first lieutenant of -Company C, being near the left of the company, -placed me close to Colonel Kemper, and it is of the -fighting along the line of these two regiments I -propose to tell, as I saw and heard it that day.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>"GIVE IT TO THEM!"</h3> - -<p class='c008'>While standing here in line of battle some of -Company C saw a line of men through a slight -opening in the woods about one hundred yards away, -obliquely to the left. Only a few files of the men -were visible through the vista; some one called my -attention to these men. I looked; they seemed to have -on blue uniforms, and the brass buttons on their -coats could be plainly seen; they were standing at -rest. I called Colonel Kemper, who came and said -he believed they were Yankees, but was not certain. -Just then General Hill, on foot, came along down in -the rear of the line of battle from the right, and -Colonel Kemper called his attention to these men. -General Hill leveled his field-glasses on the line, and -in a moment said: "Yes, they are Yankees; give -it to them!" Colonel Kemper's clear-ringing voice -broke the stillness with, "Now, boys, I want you to -give it to those blue-coated fellows; ready, aim, -fire." At the first command every musket was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>raised to the shoulder and leveled, every eye ran -along the barrel at the command "aim," and at the -word "fire" a sheet of flame burst forth from the -line with a deafening roar.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Very few of our men could see the enemy, but -every man shot straight to the front—the guns on a -level. No doubt, the first volley did much execution, -the men reloading as quickly as possible and continuing -to fire rapidly. In the midst of the firing -Colonel Kemper's clarion voice rang out above the -roar of the muskets. He said: "General Hill says -the line must be advanced." Not a man moved forward, -but all continued loading and shooting as fast -possible. Again Colonel Kemper shouted louder -than before: "General Hill says the lines must be -advanced." At this moment General Hill came to -the front, immediately in front of Company C, -pistol in hand. General Hill wore a dark blue -blouse or overshirt, gathered at the waist by the -sword belt, had on a military cap with a sprig of -pine fastened in front, and as he went forward, -waving his pistol over his head, looking back over -his shoulder and calling on the men to follow, made -a splendid picture of the heroic and gallant soldier -that he was. This picture was photographed on my -memory never to be forgotten.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>INTO A HOT FIRE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The whole line rushed forward over a fence -and down a slight slope in the ground, about fifty -<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>yards, and was met by a close and deadly fire from -the enemy, whom we could not see, but the sharp, -quick "sip, sip" of the minie balls, as they whacked -the trees and cut the bushes and twigs, told plainly -that we were in very close quarters. On the hill -where the firing commenced, I don't remember that -we suffered any casualties—I think the Yankees shot -too low; but now the men were falling on every -hand. The firing was kept up here for some little -time, the men sitting or kneeling on the ground, -loading and shooting into the bushes in front whence -the balls were coming, though no enemy was in -sight. While here I looked to the left, oblique from -our front, and saw a Yankee standing beside a tree -some seventy-five yards away, about where the line -had been first seen. Up to this time I had carried -a pistol, a Colt's five-shooter, and drawing this I -aimed at this Yankee, snapped the pistol several -times, which, failing to fire, I threw it down, picked -up a loaded musket that had fallen from the hands -of some man, killed or wounded, and fired at the -Yankee; where he was hit, I never knew. About -this time the cry came along our lines from the -right, "They are running." The line again pushed -forward, but we did not catch sight of the Yankees, -that is, live ones, but a short distance, some twenty -yards in front, their line of battle was plainly -marked by the dead men lying strewn along through -the woods. The lines continued to press forward -through the woods for a quarter of a mile or more, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>until the eastern edge of the woods was reached, -where the timber had been felled.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While pushing along through the woods I saw to -my left several of Company C around a gray-haired -Yankee officer with side-whiskers and mustache, -seemingly rifling his pockets. I shouted at the men, -"Stop robbing that officer." They replied, "We are -just loosening his belt." The officer said the same -when I approached him. He had been desperately -wounded and left by his men.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the felled timber, some thirty yards from the -woods, the Yankees had taken refuge, lying down -behind the logs and stumps, and as the Confederates -came up, opened a close and rapid fire, our -men protecting themselves behind trees and logs at -the edge of the woods and returning the fire. Here -the firing was fast and furious, both sides being -under cover. The casualties here were not serious, -on the Confederate side, at least, the Yankees shooting -too high, riddling the trees and bushes overhead.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>COLONEL GARLAND WOUNDED</h3> - -<p class='c008'>In the midst of this severe fighting, Colonel Garland, -with his left arm bandaged and in a sling, came -up. He had been shot through the forearm early in -the action, had his wound dressed, and continued -in the fight to the end.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As soon as Colonel Garland came up, he shouted -out, "Charge 'em!" Captain Clement, a brave man, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>whose courage was beyond question and who still -lives in Campbell County, a scarred veteran, remonstrated, -saying: "For God's sake, Colonel Garland, -don't send the men over there into that fire. They -will all be killed." Colonel Garland replied: "Well, -hold on a while then." It was not long before the -fire of the enemy began to slacken—the well-aimed -shots of the Confederates were telling. Our -lines rose up without orders, and over the logs the -men rushed right among the Yankees. Some of the -enemy jumped up and ran; many were shot down as -they ran; others lay still behind the logs and stumps -and were captured; some were hauled from brush -piles, and many lay killed and wounded on the -ground, most of whom were shot in the head. This -scene reminded me of a lot of boys hunting rabbits -in thickets.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While engaged in gathering up the prisoners, -sending them to the rear and exulting over the -victory, the noise of artillery wheels was heard (it -was impossible to see far, on account of the smoke -and fog), and the men were ordered back to the -woods whence they had just charged. There were -several abandoned Yankee cannon in the road in our -front; I don't remember whether these were taken -off the field or not, but think they were. We held this -position during the remainder of the day, without -seeing or hearing anything of the enemy in our -front.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span>Pretty soon after we fell back to the edge of the -woods, a terrific musketry fire opened up to the right -of this position, which seemed to be a little to the -rear of the extension of the line, the minie balls flying -thick and fast through the woods in the rear. As -this firing increased in volume and seemed to be -drawing nearer, some of the Seventh Regiment -began to look anxiously to the rear, like a balky -horse, as if contemplating a retreat. All eyes were -turned in the direction of the firing, which was only -a few hundred yards to the right, and seemed to be -drawing closer. Colonel Kemper, who was still at -the right of the Seventh, noticed the anxiety of his -men, and spoke out in firm and defiant tones: -"Steady, men, steady. The old Eighth Virginia is -out there." I never knew whether or not the Eighth -Regiment was out there—I don't think it was; but -Kemper's words had the desired effect.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The men remembered Ball's Bluff, where the -Eighth Virginia had some time before distinguished -itself, and whatever fears they may have had of -being flanked were allayed, and every man stood -firmly at his post.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was not long until the firing ceased all along -the lines. The brigade remained here until darkness -closed over the bloody scenes and thrilling -events of the day, which were, no doubt, indelibly -fixed in the minds of every participant.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the meanwhile, the battle was raging to the -left over towards Fort McGruder, where the fighting -<span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span>first commenced in the morning, and was kept -up pretty much all day. Here the Twenty-fourth -Virginia and the Fifth North Carolina distinguished -themselves, as Pickett's Division did at Gettysburg, -in an unsuccessful, but gallant charge. There were -no better fighting regiments in the army.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Soon after dark the brigade moved silently off -by the left flank, marching back to the edge of -Williamsburg, where we had turned off the road -early in the morning. We slept on the wet, muddy -ground until daybreak next morning, when we again -marched through the old town towards Richmond, -the men gathering up their knapsacks deposited -along the street in the front yards the day before, -and which the people had taken care of.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the march we did not hurry, camping four or -five days on the east bank of the Chickahominy; -but the enemy did not crowd us again, the work of -the 5th of May having taught General McClellan a -lesson, the moral of which was, "Don't crowd Joe -Johnston too closely on a retreat." Some of the -Yankee historians claim a victory at Williamsburg, -a dear-bought victory to be sure. They lost about -five hundred killed, fifteen hundred wounded, and -four hundred unwounded prisoners, twelve cannon, -and ten stand of colors.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederate loss was much less. We drove -the enemy back, held the battlefield, and marched -off the next morning at our leisure, and did not -have a chance to fire another shot at the Yankees for -<span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>weeks; indeed, not until the 31st day of May, when -Johnston again attacked and defeated them at Seven -Pines. We had whipped them in a fair, stand-up -fight with muskets at Williamsburg. It is a little -singular and surprising that McClellan with his -"grand army" never made an attack on the Confederates, -but on the contrary, was always on the -defensive in all the battles from Williamsburg to -Malvern Hill.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I saw nothing of the fighting on the 5th of May -on the left of the lines, nor on the right, except -along the lines of the Seventh and Eleventh Regiments. -I know full well we cleaned them up here -in nice style, with small loss, comparatively. We -drove them from their first line in the woods, -charged and captured their second position in the -fallen timber, killing, wounding, capturing and -scattering everything in front of Hill's Brigade. If -this was not a victory, I'd like to know what it was.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This was the first regular fight in which the -Eleventh Regiment had been engaged. The regiment, -except two companies, was only under fire on the -18th of July at Blackburn's Ford, but did not fire a -gun. On the 21st of July the regiment lay all day -under a shelling, but did not see a Yankee or fire a -gun. In the skirmish at Drainesville, in which Company -C lost its first man, I am not certain, but I -don't think there was much shooting done by the -regiment.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_112'>112</span>At Williamsburg we got into it right. Company -C lost eight men killed and many wounded. The -killed were Miffram Bailey, who married my wife's -sister, and had only been with the company about a -month; Benj. Farris, Crockett Hughes, Granville -Rosser, David Layne, John Organ, John J. Wood, -another recruit, and Wm. H. Wilson, a first cousin -of my wife, all of whom were good soldiers. I -noticed Billy Wilson, during the fight in the bottom, -some distance in front of the line, fighting with -deadly intent. I have often thought that he determined -to distinguish himself in this fight, but alas! -he was stricken down, shot through the body, dying -in a few minutes. In this fight, so far as I could see, -every officer and man, from General Hill down to -the humblest private, did his whole duty. I never -saw troops fight better on any field.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>I have often said this was the most satisfactory -fight I was ever engaged in, and I have read somewhere -that General Kemper had said the same -thing. I noticed among others a member of Company -C, Jim Brown, from "Hell Bend" (a rather -disreputable section of Campbell County), an humble -private of no pretentions, standing up and fighting -like mad, loading and shooting rapidly, with the -corners of his mouth blacked by the powder as he -bit off the cartridges. I never forgot this, and it -<span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>stood Jim in good stead when, months afterwards, -he was court-martialed for absence without leave, -and sentenced to wear a ball and chain for sixty -days. At Goldsboro, N. C., in 1863, when Chas. -Clement drew up a petition for his pardon, I gladly -approved it, making an endorsement on the petition -to the effect, that "Brown was a brave soldier, had -been tried in battle and found not wanting in -courage, fighting like a hero." The paper was forwarded -to headquarters, and quickly came back -with an endorsement granting the pardon prayed -for. I remember it was at night when it was -returned to me. I at once repaired to Brown's -quarters, and found him and several others in their -"dog house," under their blankets, with the ball and -chain at the foot, lying on the ground. I called to -Brown, telling him his pardon had come, that he -could now take off the ball and chain. Brown -raised up on his elbow, looked down at the ball and -chain and said: "I have gone to bed now; I believe -I will wait till morning before I take it off." And -so he did. Brown remained true to the end, and -was captured at Milford, May 21, 1864.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After the firing had all ceased, Colonel Kemper -and Colonel Garland met on the lines in the rear -of Company C and exchanged congratulations, both -in high spirits and well pleased with the day's work. -Colonel Garland said among other things, "Kemper, -honor's easy with you to-day." I was standing -<span class='pageno' id='Page_114'>114</span>near, and pointing to Garland's bandaged arm in -the sling, said: "Colonel Garland, you have the -best of it, you have a wound." "Yes," replied -Garland, "I always wanted an honorable wound in -this war." Poor fellow, he got his death-wound at -Boonsboro Gap, Md., a few months afterwards -while trying to rally his brigade. Colonel Garland -was a fine soldier, and if he had lived, would doubtless -have attained higher rank. He had a worthy -ambition, was cool and steady in action, not -possessed so much of that brute courage that makes -men reckless in battle, but in an eminent degree of -that high moral courage and pride that enable true -soldiers to do their duty in the face of the greatest -danger. He was highly endowed intellectually, a -learned lawyer, a brilliant and eloquent speaker, and -possessed of considerable wealth. Colonel Garland -had a bright future before him, but alas! like so -many others, was cut down in his early manhood, in -that cruel and ruthless war waged by the North -against the South.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>GARLAND AND KEMPER PROMOTED</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Garland and Kemper both won the stars and -wreath of a brigadier at Williamsburg. The former -was first promoted and assigned to a North Carolina -Brigade, the latter soon afterwards succeeding -Gen. A. P. Hill as commander of the First Brigade, -which he led into battle the first time at Seven -<span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span>Pines, in less than one month after the Williamsburg -fight.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember, when Colonel Kemper took command -of the brigade, he had his old regiment, the Seventh -Virginia, formed, and, mounted on his horse in -front of the regiment, made a stirring and patriotic -speech, eulogizing the men for their courage and -devotion to the cause, and expressing his love and -devotion to all of them, declaring that, "Next to -the child that sprang from my own loins, I love the -Seventh Regiment."</p> - -<p class='c000'>Before closing the account of this battle, I will -relate one of the many incidents of cool and deliberate -bravery exhibited by the Confederate soldiers -on that day. While the firing at the edge of the -woods was going on, Daniel Pillow, a private of -Company C, Eleventh Virginia, when ready to fire, -would raise up on his knees as high as he could, look -intently out among the logs and stumps in front, -then raise his gun, take deliberate aim and fire, and -after firing raise his head again and look in the -direction he had shot. I called to him, saying, -"Daniel, when you have fired, don't expose yourself -in that way by looking over there; get down and -load as quickly as possible." Pillow turned his face -towards me and said quietly in measured tones, "I -reckon I want to see what I am doing," and continued -firing.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I also noticed Robt. Cocke, pressing forward in -the hottest of the fight in the attitude of one breasting -<span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>a storm, leaning forward with a determined expression -on his face; in fact, I did not see a single -man of the company flinch.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Captain Clement wrote home highly complimenting -the men and officers of his company for their -conduct in this fight.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_VIII' class='c004'>CHAPTER VIII<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Back to Richmond—Battle of Seven Pines—The<br /> Brigade in Reserve—Into the Fight<br /> at Double-Quick—Incidents of the<br /> Battle—On the Picket Lines</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>As before said, on the 6th of May we again -marched through Williamsburg on towards Richmond. -The roads were deep in mud; it was a hot, -sultry May morning. A few miles out on the road I -was taken suddenly very sick, and lay down on the -roadside utterly unable to march any further. -Visions of capture and prison rose before me like -a nightmare. The regimental ambulance was in -the rear, and when it came up I was taken in and -rode all day, camping that night with the wagon -trains, and the next day rejoined the command.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the 9th of May we reached the Chickahominy -River at Bottom's Bridge, where we remained for -several days, waiting for the Yankees, but they did -not come so fast as they did at Williamsburg. On -the first day's march from here it was raining, the -marching being very fatiguing. I remember that -night when we turned off the road into woods -partially cleared with the brush piled, I spread my -blanket on one of the piles of brush, with a Yankee -oilcloth over me, and slept soundly till morning. It -<span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>rained nearly all night, but I was dry and ready for -the march the next morning. The next day we -trudged on up the Peninsula, passing by some -historic old homesteads, among others, if I remember -aright, Ex-President John Tyler's old place and -his grave (the tombstone a simple white slab) by the -roadside.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the 15th of May the brigade went into camp -in the vicinity of Richmond, near what was called -Darbytown (though I don't remember seeing anything -like a town or village), where it remained for -a few days. This locality, I later learned, is called -Darbytown after a family of Enroughties, whose -local cognomen is Darby. How Darby could have -been evolved out of Enroughty has always been, to -me, one of the mysteries of evolution. Yet quite as -reasonable as that man sprang from a monkey. I -got a pass from here into Richmond, where I bought -an officer's uniform, having before only a jacket.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the 27th of May we moved to a camp near -Howard's Grove, remaining there only four days, -when the battle of Seven Pines came off.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE BATTLE OF SEVEN PINES</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Early on the morning of the 31st of May, 1862, -the brigade marched out of camp to go into the -battle of Seven Pines. Orders were issued the night -before to take every available man, even the cooks.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Every one knew that a battle was to be fought -<span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span>that day. I remember as we marched along the -road that morning, it somehow occurred to me that -I would be wounded in this battle. Dr. Thornhill -was passing along and I remarked to him that I -felt I would be wounded, and that he must see -after me. The doctor replied, "Oh, you must not -think that." W. T. Withers, of Company C, who -had been detailed as hospital steward, also came -along and remarked that I had a chance to win my -spurs that day, I having a short time before taken -command of Company C. Captain Clement promoted -to major, had gone home for his horse and -equipments.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I didn't get wounded that day nor win any spurs -that I ever saw, but was in a very hot fight, and had -three bullet holes through my clothes. So my -presentment came near being thrice fulfilled.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Two corps of the Yankee army had crossed over -the Chickahominy at Bottom's Bridge, fortifying -their position at Fair Oaks and Seven Pines, near -Richmond, while three corps remained on the other -side of the river. General Johnston and his generals -had conceived the plan of falling suddenly on these -two corps and crushing them before relief could -reach them from the other side. It was said General -Longstreet first made the suggestion. The night -before, it had rained very hard; this it was thought -would add to the success of the scheme, as the rain -would raise the Chickahominy and keep back reënforcements, -but the swollen streams and muddy -<span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>roads delayed the movements of the Confederate -troops, so that the attack upon the enemy's lines was -delayed until three o'clock <span class='fss'>P. M.</span>, while the plan was -for it to be made in the morning by nine or ten -o'clock.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Longstreet with his own and D. H. Hill's Division -was to make the attack at Seven Pines, and was -ready early in the morning, but other troops who -were to assist on other portions of the line failed -to come up and take position until three o'clock <span class='fss'>P. M.</span> -This no doubt caused a partial failure of the enterprise.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While the Yankees were soundly thrashed and -driven from their breastworks and camps, yet they -were not crushed and captured, as it was hoped they -would be.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gen. Jas. L. Kemper was now in command of the -brigade, which, as before said, was first commanded -by Longstreet, and then by A. P. Hill, who was now -a major-general. The brigade was held in reserve -while the other brigades of Longstreet's and D. H. -Hill's divisions advanced on the Yankee lines, who -were in their fortified camps at Seven Pines.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE BRIGADE IN RESERVE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>It is one of the rules of war to hold the best -troops in reserve, and put them into the fight at the -critical moment. No brigade in the army stood -higher than the "First Virginia," as it was called. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>The Eleventh Regiment, which stood as high as the -highest, was in reserve at the battle of July 18, 1861, -at Blackburn's Ford. The brigade was in reserve at -Williamsburg on the 5th of May, and now again -at Seven Pines on the 30th of May, and also soon -afterwards at Gaines' Mill on the 27th of June, and -in many other battles during the war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The brigade was posted in an open field about -three-fourths of a mile from the Yankee lines, the -enemy's first line being in the woods at the edge of -a field, the woods extending to within two hundred -yards of the Yankee camps, and in front of the camp -were breastworks and redoubts mounted with big -guns. The attacking Confederate troops were in -these woods also. The brigade was first marched -off the road some distance to the right, then marched -back, the left resting on the road leading down to -Seven Pines, where it remained standing in line -until ordered into the fight. While here the firing -commenced in the woods at the front. About this -time the command was given to load. The ramrods -rattling down the musket barrels created a sensation -akin to that of the clods falling upon the coffin -lid, which is a reminder that some one is dead, -and suggested the question, Who will be the next? -The first suggested death to many, and who will -be the victims? While loading, I spoke a few words -to the men of the company, exhorting them to do -their duty, and remember what they were fighting -for.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span>The fighting was very heavy in front for some -time, and we expecting every moment to be called -into action. Such suspense is very trying, but not -as bad as lying under a shelling.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>INTO THE FIGHT AT DOUBLE-QUICK</h3> - -<p class='c008'>General Longstreet, with his staff about him, was -sitting on his horse in the road close by, looking -intently in the direction of the firing. I don't -remember how long after the firing began, half an -hour or perhaps more (time seems to move slow on -such occasions), it was not long, however, before -the brigade was ordered to go to the front in double-quick -time, and down the road we went in a run. -About the time the woods were reached, the wounded -men began to appear in large numbers going to the -rear, some on foot, some on stretchers, and some -in ambulances; some limping along, shot in their -feet or legs; some holding a wounded hand or arm; -all bleeding and bedraggled, having charged through -a swamp; some groaning and moaning, lamenting -their sad fate, in utter despair and helplessness; -others, in grim and heroic silence, bearing the pain -and shock of their wounds in silence, with fortitude -and bravery.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One man I remember, who was completely demoralized, -called out as we passed him, making his -way to the rear, "Oh, men," he wailed, "don't go -down there, you will all be killed; they are killing -<span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span>our men, they have wounded me. It is no use to -go; don't go." A little further on, came another -man, shot in the head or face, bleeding profusely, -bareheaded, swinging his arms and shouting at the -top of his voice, "Go in, boys, and give 'em hell. -They have shot me, but I gave them the devil first; -go in, boys, and give it to 'em." These two incidents -illustrate how some men are affected in battle. The -one was completely undone, perhaps he had no relish -for the fight in the start, and was probably what -was called in the army, "a whiner"; always low -spirited and complaining of everything that happened. -The other brave and resolute, who took -things as they came, making the best of everything. -Of such were a large majority of Confederate soldiers—this -last class.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On, the brigade went still at a run, the Eleventh -Regiment leading, Company C in front. Capt. -J. Lawrence Meem, of Lynchburg, who, until Garland's -promotion was adjutant of the Eleventh -Regiment, and was now General Garland's chief of -staff, met us with word from the front to "hurry." -By this time all were well out of breath, but rushed -on at increased speed through mud and water almost -knee-deep in some places. Again a messenger is sent -from Gen. D. H. Hill to "hurry, it is a critical -time at the front; the enemy has been driven from -his breastworks and camps, but there are not enough -men of the assaulting column left to occupy and -hold the works. The men are doing all that mortal -<span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span>men can do, some are falling by the wayside from -sheer exhaustion, nothing but the excitement keeps -any on their feet." General Kemper said to the -messenger, "Tell General Hill I am left in front -and would like to change." The messenger replied, -"No time to change now, hurry on." Soon the -brigade emerged from the woods into the open field, -on the farther side of which the Yankee breastworks -and camps were located, but not a living soldier, -Yankee or Confederate, was in sight. I have said -"living soldier," because as we rushed along by the -edge of this field, over which the Confederates had -charged, the ground was thickly strewn with dead -Confederates close up to the Yankee breastworks -and redoubts, where stood their abandoned cannon. -Passing beyond these works, Generals Hill and -Garland, with their staff officers, were seen waiting, -behind a big pile of cord wood, the coming of the -brigade, which was directed to file to the right -through the Yankee camp, with their small fly-tents -still standing, where, facing towards the enemy, the -rear rank was in front, but this made little or no -difference. Like the English "Fore and Aft," the -men fight from front or rear rank just the same. As -the brigade filed out through the camp, a terrific fire -was opened by the Yankees, who had rallied or been -reënforced by fresh troops, a hundred or two yards -beyond their camp. The Yankee lines could not be -seen on account of the smoke and fog, but the balls -flew thick through the air, killing and wounding -<span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span>many. The men lying flat on the ground, returned -the fire as best they could. In a short time some one -gave the order to fall back to the abandoned Yankee -breastworks, some forty or fifty yards in the rear, -which afforded protection from the enemy's shots. -This order was obeyed in double-quick time, all -hurrying over the breastworks, getting on the reverse -side, into the ditch half filled with water, preferring -the cold water to hot lead. I did not hear the order -to fall back, and the others got the start of me. I -think I was the last man to go over the works, and -was sure a Yankee bullet would hit me as I did so. -I expect it was here that one or more of the bullets -passed through my clothes. I thought about being -shot in the back, of which I always had a dread, but -did not take time to turn around, face the enemy -and go over backwards, making all haste possible -to get out of danger. From the breastworks the -fire was kept up for some time, until General Kemper -sent a detachment around on the enemy's left flank, -when the firing ceased.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The brigade lost a good many men in this fight, -Colonel Funston and Lieutenant-Colonel Langhorne, -of the Eleventh Regiment both being badly wounded -and permanently disabled. Company C lost three -men killed, namely: James Wood, Silas Barber, and -James Terrell, all recruits, and several wounded. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span>Terrell was in the Mexican War. Capt. Lawrence -Meem, Garland's chief of staff, was killed dead on -the field, shot through the head; a fine soldier he -was too, brave, handsome and accomplished. Capt. -Henry Fulks, of Company F, was killed in a few -feet of me. He had rushed into the Yankee camp -exhausted from the double-quicking, sat down on -a Yankee fly-tent, which sank to the ground with his -weight, and had just raised his head to look to the -front when a ball struck him about the head or face, -when he sank back and was dead in a few minutes. -I heard the whack of the ball as it struck him and -saw the blood trickling down his neck. About this -time Color-Bearer Hickok, of the Eleventh Regiment, -who was standing close by with his flag in -hand, and who was about the only man or officer I -saw on his feet, was shot down, badly wounded, -when Color-Guard Jim Haynes, of Company F, -seized the colors and rushed to Captain Foulks, taking -him in his arms, but still holding the flag aloft, -and cried out, "Oh, my poor captain is killed; my -poor captain is killed." So Captain Foulks died with -the Confederate battle-flag waving over him, its -folds partly enveloping his body.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I must again refer to Daniel Pillow, of Company -C, who was so cool and deliberate and fought with -such deadly intent at Williamsburg. When the -troops fell back to the breastworks, Pillow, instead -of getting down in the ditch as the others did, took -his seat on the parapet while several comrades -<span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span>behind him loaded guns which he fired at the enemy -with deliberate aim. At one time the order was -given to cease firing; it was thought some Confederates -were in front between the lines. Pillow paid -no heed to the order. Colonel Corse, of the Seventeenth -Regiment, came along the lines, and said to -Pillow, "My man, cease firing, our men are over -there." Pillow turned towards the Colonel and -said with determination and sternness: "Don't I -see the Stars and Stripes? I am going to shoot"; -and continued firing as before. Colonel Corse stooping -down, looked under the smoke and fog, and seeing -the Yankee flag, said, "Well, fire away then."</p> - -<p class='c000'>Daniel Pillow was an humble private, an "overseer" -at the beginning of the war, without education -or pretensions, but he was a soldier, every inch of -him. He was always at his post, ever ready for any -duty. Being six feet or more tall, he marched at the -head of the company, being always near me on the -march and in battle; never grumbled or whined, -and was one of the bravest of the brave. He was -reported missing at Gettysburg, and never heard of -again. I have no doubt that he fell with his face -to the foe in that desperate charge in which Pickett's -Division was immortalized, and that he sleeps in an -unknown soldier's grave. All honor to his memory.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Walter Rosser, Jim Cocke, Sam Franklin, and -Daniel Pillow were the big, or rather the tall, four -of Company C, being over six feet high; were -always at the head of the company, and all good -fighters, too.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span>There was no more fighting on this part of the -line. The Confederates had driven the Yankees -from their works and camp, capturing all their -camp equipage and stores, several pieces of cannon, -7,000 muskets, and about 350 prisoners. Longstreet's -and D. H. Hill's divisions had soundly -thrashed a Yankee corps under General Keys.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gen. G. W. Smith was on the Confederate left -towards Fair Oaks station, but was not engaged -until nearly night, when General Sumner's Corps, -crossing over the Chickahominy, came to the relief -of Hientzleman and Kasey, whose troops fell back in -that direction and were joined by Sumner in resisting -Smith's attack. General Johnston, who was on -this part of the line, was wounded about seven -o'clock, when the command devolved on General -Smith.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The wounding of the Confederate commander-in-chief -at this critical moment was a great misfortune -to the Confederates, and no doubt lessened their -chances of the complete success aimed at—the -destruction and capture of the two corps that had -crossed over the Chickahominy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>For the number of troops engaged, this was one -of the bloodiest battles of the war. The Confederate -loss both days was estimated at a little over 6,000 -killed and wounded; the Yankee loss a little over -5,000. The Confederates attacked the enemy in his -breastworks, which accounts for the heavy loss sustained. -The Confederates also captured many -prisoners and several pieces of cannon.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>The brigade remained behind the breastworks -until after dark, then other troops took its place, -when we marched back a short distance and slept -under some scrub-oak trees. I remember that night -a young kinsman of mine, George Bright, from -Prince Edward County, who was acting as courier -for General Kemper, came to where we were to enquire -how we fared in the fight, and gave me a first-rate -new blanket he had picked up in the Yankee -camp, which I carried and used through the rest of -the war, only parting with it when I left Fort Delaware, -in May, 1865. I remember also that Dr. Thornhill -got General Kasey's large camp-chair, with the -General's name on it, which the doctor used as long -as he remained in the field.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The next morning, which was Sunday, the brigade -marched back to the breastworks, formed in line of -battle at right angles with the works, facing towards -Fair Oaks, where it remained during the day, lying -in the hot (first day of June) sun, without any protection -from its rays, all day long. There was considerable -fighting towards Fair Oaks early that Sunday -morning, but none on this immediate line.</p> - -<p class='c000'>That night the Confederates marched out from -the lines back towards Richmond, Kemper's -Brigade, as it was now called, going into camp just -northeast of Richmond, where it remained until the -26th of June, 1862, when the Seven Days' battles -around Richmond began.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_130'>130</span> - <h3 class='c007'>ON THE PICKET LINES</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>After the battle of Seven Pines, picket duty was -very heavy—whole regiments going on duty, some -on the advance line and others in reserve. The -Eleventh Regiment picketed near Seven Pines. The -advance lines or posts were in the woods, near where -the fighting commenced on the 31st of May, and -very close to the Yankees.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember one morning, when the Eleventh -Regiment was ordered on picket, while getting ready -to go, I heard one of the men say, "I understand -picket firing <em>are</em> very fatal down there." The -pickets would fire on each other at every opportunity.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On this trip the Eleventh Regiment was in -reserve, while some North Carolina troops occupied -the advanced posts. During the time a North -Carolina captain came running back from the front -where there was some sharp firing, and reported -that the Yankees had charged the picket lines, -capturing and killing all of his company—he alone -being left to tell the tale.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company C and Company H were ordered from -the reserves to go to the front and retake the picket -lines. Accordingly the two companies were formed -in line of battle in the open field, a few hundred -yards from the woods, Captain Hutter, of Company -H, being the senior officer, commanding. We -<span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span>marched on towards the woods, expecting every -moment to be fired upon, Captain Hutter leading in -front of the line.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The woods were reached without seeing or hearing -of the enemy. Advancing into the woods some -distance, the Confederate pickets were discovered -at their posts on the alert, watching for the Yankee -pickets through the bushes. They motioned to us -and spoke in low tones, warning us to keep under -cover, that the Yankees would fire on sight of any -one. So it turned out that the pickets had not been -killed or captured, the Tar Heel captain being the -only man who had been demoralized and run away.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I walked out into the road running through the -woods along which we had gone into the fight on -the 31st of May, and as I did so, one of the pickets -close by waved me back, saying: "Don't go out -there, you will be shot." I remained long enough -in the road to see, a few hundred yards away, at the -farther edge of the woods, a column of blue-coated -Yankees passing across the road, moving to the -right, with the Stars and Stripes—a very large flag—flying -above them. That flag looked hateful to -me then, and on other occasions, when I saw it -flying above the heads of men with guns in their -hands, who were our deadly enemies, invaders of -the sacred soil of Virginia, doing their utmost to -kill her sons who dared to defend their rights, and -who burned houses and devastated the country ruthlessly -and cruelly; and now I here record, that I -<span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span>have never since that day looked very <em>admiringly</em> -or <em>adoringly</em> on that flag, nor have I since the war -worn any blue clothes.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In a short time I went back to the general commanding -the picket lines and reported that the -pickets were on their posts, with the line intact, -also that I had seen the column moving to the right. -The general remarked, "They are massing on our -right," and ordered a battery to open fire in that -direction. This fire drew no response from the -enemy, and in a short time the two companies were -ordered back to the reserves, and all was quiet.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As I was going back to report to the general I -met the Tar Heel captain, a small, pale-faced youth. -He seemed much relieved when I informed him that -his company was not captured, and hastened down -to rejoin them, saying, "That's all right," mortified, -no doubt, that he ran away. I felt sorry for him.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_IX' class='c004'>CHAPTER IX<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Seven Days' Fight Around Richmond—Battle<br /> of Gaines' Mill</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>The brigade remained near Richmond some -weeks longer. On the afternoon of the 26th of -June, 1862, the Seven Days' fights around Richmond -commenced at, or near, Mechanicsville, north -of Richmond on the upper Chickahominy. McClellan's -army lay on both sides of the Chickahominy, -his right wing extending as far up the -stream as Mechanicsville.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gen. R. E. Lee was now in command of the army -around Richmond, and determined to strike a blow -at the enemy instead of waiting to be attacked at -Richmond. On the morning of the 26th of June -we marched out of camp, going north. As we crossed -the York River Railroad an engine, with an inflated -balloon attached to a heavy cable, passed along. -This balloon was used by the Confederates in -observing the movements of the enemy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>By a master stroke of strategy Stonewall Jackson -was brought from the Valley, where he had just -out-generaled and whipped three Yankee armies in -detail, each larger than his own, and before any of -the Yankee generals anywhere knew of his movements, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span>joined General Lee and helped thrash McClellan -and his "grand army," now 160,000 strong; -Lee had about 80,000 all told.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A. P. Hill's division crossed the upper Chickahominy -on the 26th of June, and in the afternoon -attacked the Yankees in a strong position on Beaver -Dam Creek, driving them from their first lines. It -was expected that Jackson's forces would join with -A. P. Hill's in this attack by striking the enemy on -the right flank and rear, but from some unknown -cause, Jackson's men were delayed, and did not -arrive in time. The battle lasted until nightfall. -The Confederates lost heavily in this fight, from -assaults on the enemy's works.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankees withdrew from their position during -the night and fell back to Gaines' Mill, lower -down the Chickahominy, where the next day a -terrific and bloody battle was fought and won by -the Confederates.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Longstreet's Division crossed over the Chickahominy -at Meadow Bridge, below where Hill had -crossed the day before, and moved down towards -Gaines' Mill, as the right wing of Lee's army, on the -north side of the Chickahominy, with Hill in the -center and Jackson on the left. Kemper's Brigade -halted as it was crossing the bridge, with the Eleventh -Regiment, or a part of it, on the bridge. While -waiting here, General Lee rode by on "Traveler," -picking his way carefully along through the ranks. -When close to Company C, General Lee asked what -<span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span>regiment this was. Perhaps a dozen men spoke out, -saying, "Eleventh Virginia."</p> - -<p class='c000'>Up to this time, the 27th of June, no one but the -generals knew that Jackson was anywhere near. -During the day it was rumored that Jackson had -come from the Valley or was coming. That afternoon -I saw some men from Campbell County who -belonged to Jackson's army, and asked them if it -were true that Jackson was near. They replied, -"Yes, Jackson and all his men are right over there," -pointing to the left. This was, indeed, good news. -This piece of strategy had been worked to perfection -by General Lee. I remember a few days before, it -was reported, in fact well known, that Lee was -sending reënforcements to Jackson in the Valley. -General Whiting's Division was sent by train via -Lynchburg, around-about way—no doubt to attract -attention and deceive the enemy—to Staunton, -where it remained until the proper time, when it -came back with Jackson's troops via Charlottesville -and Gordonsville.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>BATTLE OF GAINES' MILL</h3> - -<p class='c008'>At this battle of Gaines' Mill, on the 27th of -June, 1862, Kemper's Brigade was again in reserve, -and was not actually engaged in the fight, the -Yankees breaking just as it was called in to reënforce -after sundown. This was one day the sun -set before we got into the fight.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_136'>136</span>The brigade lay back in the pine woods, where -now and then a stray shell would come, anxiously -awaiting the issue of the battle at the front—not -"eager for the fight," but ready to go when called -on. It was about sunset when Capt. J. W. Fairfax, -of General Longstreet's staff, on his war horse, came -bounding over the logs and brush, through the -woods, towards where the brigade lay. All knew then -what was up; the men knew they were wanted -whenever Captain Fairfax was seen dashing up on -his gray charger in time of a fight. Then some one -was sure to say, "Boys, we've got to go in now; -yonder comes Captain Fairfax after us." Longstreet -with the rest of his division was hotly engaged -at the front.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This was one of the hardest fought battles of the -war. We lay in full hearing, though not in sight of -the battle-ground, on account of the woods and hills -intervening. I never before or afterwards heard -such heavy musketry firing. I have read somewhere -that General Lee said it was the heaviest he -ever heard.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederates lost heavily in this fight, as -they attacked the enemy in strong, fortified positions. -The Yankees admitted a loss of 9,000 killed -and wounded, and twenty-two cannon.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The brigade went down the road towards the -battlefield. It was nearly dark by the time we got -down to the creek, when the firing ceased, and the -battle was over. The Yankees had been driven from -<span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span>every part of the field, and that night crossed to the -south side of the Chickahominy, and McClellan -commenced his retreat by the left flank to James -River.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember, as we were going down the road, -seeing Chaplain John C. Granberry, later Bishop -Granberry, going along with the men. I said to -him, "Mr. Granberry, you ought not to go into this -fight; you have no gun and may get shot." He -replied, "I have an object in going," and on he -went. A few days afterwards, at Malvern Hill, he -was badly wounded and left on the field for dead, -but recovered, losing the sight of an eye, however, -from the effects of a wound on the brow. I -remember also, as we were going down the hill, we -heard that Col. R. E. Withers had been mortally -wounded. As we crossed the bridge over Powhite -Creek I saw the surgeon of the Eighteenth Virginia, -which the Colonel commanded, and asked the -doctor if Colonel Withers was badly wounded. -"Yes, sir," he replied, "he can not live an hour." -He did live, however.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I was sick that day, but stayed with the company -until the fighting was all over, when I started back -to Richmond, the surgeon having given me a sick-pass -during the afternoon.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I determined, however, to go into the fight if the -regiment was called on, but as before said, the -Yankees gave it up before we got at them, to which -I had not the slightest objection; in fact, I was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_138'>138</span>very glad of it. I made my way back towards -Richmond next day, walking very slowly, and resting -often by the wayside, went to the camp where -the tents were still standing, where the man Pillow -I have spoken of was also sick. In a few days -several old men from Campbell County, who had -come to Richmond to look after the sick and -wounded men of Company C, took us to Richmond -to a hotel where we went to bed. In a day or two -we were sent with other sick and wounded to -Lynchburg, and from there I went home and remained -until restored to health, after a long spell of -sickness.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The brigade was engaged in the fight on the 30th -of June at Frazier's Farm, though I don't think -many were killed.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As I lay in the tent, I could hear the booming of -the big guns in this battle. The Yankees made a -last stand at Malvern Hill, where, on the 1st of -July, a desperate battle was fought, the Yankees -holding their position until after nightfall, when -they retired to Harrison's landing under the protection -of their gunboats. McClellan was afterwards -called Gunboat McClellan, he having sought the -safety of the gunboats. His initials were G. B.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the Seven Days' fighting around Richmond, -the Confederates, according to General Lee's report, -captured more than 10,000 prisoners, fifty-two pieces -of artillery, and 35,000 <a id='thousand'></a>muskets. The -Yankees admit they had 160,000 in the Peninsula -<span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span>campaign, and that there were only 85,000, when -it ended at Harrison's landing on the James River, -fit for duty. The Confederate loss was heavy, but -nothing to compare with the Yankee loss.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_140'>140</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_X' class='c004'>CHAPTER X<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Second Manassas and Maryland Campaign—Sharpsburg—Back<br /> to Virginia—From<br /> Winchester to Culpeper—To<br /> Fredericksburg</span></h2> -</div> - -<h3 class='c007'>SECOND MANASSAS AND THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Some time after the battles around Richmond, the -brigade set out on what is called the Maryland -campaign. It took part in the second battle of -Manassas, on the 30th of August, 1862, when my -brother, Robert W., who was just eighteen years -old, and had joined the company the day before, -was badly wounded in the thigh. He was taken -to Warrenton, where his father came to him. While -there the latter had a severe spell of typhoid fever.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the fight Company C lost four men killed, as -follows: Harvey Martin, W. H. Hendricks, Chas. -Murrell, and H. O. Elliott, and several wounded. -In this battle the brigade charged and captured a -Yankee battery.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>SHARPSBURG</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The brigade was also engaged in the battle of -Sharpsburg, Md., on the 17th of September, 1862, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_141'>141</span>when Major Clement was in command of the -Eleventh Regiment and was desperately wounded. -He never again returned to the army. He still lives -in Campbell County, respected and honored by his -people. Adam Clement was a true man, among the -bravest of the brave.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have heard some of Company C relate that on -the evening of September 15th, when near Sharpsburg, -they saw General Lee by the roadside. When -the head of the column, which was falling back -before the Yankee army from the direction of -South Mountain, reached a certain point, General -Lee remarked, as the troops by his order filed off -the road to form line of battle, "We will make our -stand on these hills," and here the Confederates -did make a desperate stand before a largely superior -force, 30,000 against 80,000, and held their ground -to the end. This was a bloody fight, many -thousand men being killed and wounded on both -sides. General Jackson had a few days before -captured Harper's Ferry, with 11,000 prisoners and -large quantities of stores and munitions of war. -Jackson and his men then set out to rejoin General -Lee at Sharpsburg, arriving, some of them, late in -the afternoon on the 17th inst., with ranks much -depleted by the hasty march. But "old Jack" got -there in time to save the day.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company C lost two, and perhaps more, men -killed, as follows: Joe Rice and John Rice, and -several wounded.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_142'>142</span> - <h3 class='c007'>BACK TO VIRGINIA</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>After the battle of Sharpsburg the brigade, with -the Confederate troops, re-crossed the Potomac -River and camped about Winchester until the latter -part of October.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I rejoined the army near Winchester about the -25th of September, 1862, going by railroad to -Staunton in company with several men of Company -C, who had been home on sick and wounded -furloughs, from whence we tramped down the pike -and back road, a distance of ninety-odd miles to and -beyond Winchester.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The second day, I think it was, we left the rock -road, crossing over to the back road in order to -procure rations more easily along the way, which -we did without any trouble, buying our food from -the farm-houses along the road, and sleeping in the -woods at night. It took four or five days to make -the trip.</p> - -<p class='c000'>With the main army, the brigade left Winchester -about the 25th of October, marched up the rock -road some distance, then struck across towards the -Blue Ridge, wading the Shenandoah River, waist-deep -or more. Along the farther side of the river, -I remember there were some grand old sycamore -trees growing with wide-spreading branches. -Whenever I read of or hear Stonewall Jackson's -dying words, "Let us cross over the river and rest -under the shade of the trees," I think of those sycamores -<span class='pageno' id='Page_143'>143</span>on the Shenandoah, under which I have no -doubt Jackson and his men rested in the long ago.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We crossed the Blue Ridge at Thornton's Gap, -not far from Sperryville, passing through Madison, -Rappahannock, Orange, and Culpeper counties. -Through Madison County the road ran for some -distance along Robinson River, which has the -rockiest bed I ever saw, literally covered with small -boulders, not very small at that, some of them. We -arrived at Culpeper Court House about the 3d of -November. In the meantime, the enemy had -crossed the Potomac and were then near Warrenton, -Fauquier County, and about the middle of -November moved towards Fredericksburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The army remained in Culpeper and Orange -counties until about the 19th of November, 1862, -when it moved on towards Fredericksburg, where -the brigade arrived about the 25th of November, -stopping by the way several times, going through -the Wilderness country—large tracts of woodlands, -miles and miles in extent, which afterwards became -famous as the ground on which several bloody -battles were fought—a part of the way along the old -plank-road, going into, as was thought, winter -quarters, building "dog houses," some two miles -south of Fredericksburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankee army, now commanded by General -Burnside, was in camp on the opposite side of the -Rappahannock River, on what was called Stafford -Heights, which overlooked the town and country on -<span class='pageno' id='Page_144'>144</span>the south side, their thousands of white tents being -in plain view from the hills on the south side of -the river.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankees always camped in the open fields, -where they pitched their tents. The Confederates -camped in woods after the first year, when improvised -shelters were used, for few were the tents -they had.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The camps of both armies extended along -the river, on either side, some twelve or fifteen -miles. The picket lines were along the river banks, -in sight of each other, but no firing was done; -instead, the soldiers sometimes clandestinely crossed -over, swapping tobacco and coffee—the "Johnnies," -as the Yankees called the Confederates, having the -tobacco, and the "Yanks" the coffee. Newspapers -were also exchanged.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While here many of the men were without shoes, -and beef hides were issued to make moccasins, but -this was a poor shift for shoes, and did little or no -good.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_145'>145</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XI' class='c004'>CHAPTER XI<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>The Battle of Fredericksburg—Kemper's<br /> Brigade in Reserve—Spectacular Scene—Behind<br /> Marye's Hill—Sharp-Shooting—At<br /> Home—Sad Loss</span></h2> -</div> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Longstreet was in command of the corps, and -Gen. Geo. E. Pickett was the division commander, -having been assigned to the division in September. -The hills along the south side of the river on which -Lee's army was encamped are from a half to a mile -back from the river, broad bottom lands intervening -between the river and hills. When the line of battle -was formed, Jackson's Corps was on the Confederate -right, Longstreet on the left, and Kemper's Brigade -on Longstreet's right flank, and about the center of -the line of battle, which was some four miles long.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Jackson being on the right, no one was uneasy -about that wing; Longstreet on the left, with -General Lee near him, all felt at ease, and with -Pickett's Division about the center, we were sure of -success.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I don't know whether the Yankees knew -Kemper's Brigade was in the center or not; one -<span class='pageno' id='Page_146'>146</span>thing certain, they did not attack this part of the -line. I for one was very glad of it, and I think I -had company.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It had been rumored about camp for some time -that the Yankees were about to cross the river and -give battle. On the morning of the 11th of December -the rumor proved true—the Yankees were -preparing to cross now, beyond a doubt. I remember -when we were aroused early that morning by the -Yankee guns shelling the town, I exclaimed, "Poor -old Fredericksburg!" It was not a part of General -Lee's plan to seriously contest the crossing; only -one brigade, Barksdale's Mississippians, who occupied -the river front, in and just below the town -as pickets, made any resistance. They, however, -drove back several times the pontoon bridge-builders -before they succeeded in laying their bridges across -the river, which is here about 300 yards wide. It -was not until the afternoon of the 12th that the -Yankee army had crossed over. On the morning of -the 13th of December, 1862, when the line of battle -was finally formed for the big fight, I remember General -Kemper rode out in front of each regiment of -his brigade and spoke to the men, urging them to do -their duty, saying among other things, "If we can -whip the enemy here to-day, I tell you from what -I know, the Confederacy is surely established." -But alas! he did not know. The enemy was badly -whipped that day, but the Confederacy failed.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_147'>147</span>As before said, the Yankees did not attack the -center of the Confederate lines, but tried both the -right and left wings about the same time. The -morning of the 13th of December was very foggy -along the river bottoms, and it was some time after -sun-up, perhaps nine or ten o'clock, before the fog -lifted and the battle commenced. Soon after the -firing began on the right and left, Kemper's -Brigade was marched back off the line of battle up -on a hill, so as to be in position to give support -wherever needed. While lying down there a big -shell from a Yankee gun across the river was fired -at the line. The big, long shell, "camp kettles," as -they were called, struck the ground near by, but -did not explode—it just tipped along through the -chinquapin bushes like an old hare and then lay -still; no one went out to investigate—all were glad -it did not burst, and just "left it be." They did not -throw any more over there; all were glad of that, -too, but did not let the Yanks know it; we just -laid still, and like Pete Vaughan's bear, "never said -a word," nor made any sign of approval or disapproval.</p> - -<p class='c000'>From where the brigade lay on this hill, the -Yankee lines advancing on Jackson's position could -be plainly seen, but Jackson's men could not be seen—only -the smoke from their guns, the men being -concealed in the woods.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_148'>148</span> - <h3 class='c007'>SPECTACULAR SCENE</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>This battle scene was a grand spectacle—more -like some great panoramic picture of a battle than -anything I saw during the war. Ordinarily, very -little of a battle is seen by the troops engaged or in -reserve, the reserve forces being generally concealed -as much as possible from the enemy, and the troops -engaged too busy to pay any attention to what -is going on except in their immediate front. Most -of the fighting is done in the woods.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Three times with triple lines of battle the Yankees -advanced across the open field to within musket -range of Jackson's men, the artillery on each side -belching forth shot and shell, grape and canister -the while, and each time upon receiving a deadly -fire, halted and then began to waiver, give back, -scatter and finally disappear over the rise in the -ground, out of sight and out of range, leaving many -dead and wounded behind.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankee officers on horseback could be seen -riding hither and thither among the men. One -fellow on an iron-gray horse was particularly active -and conspicuous, seeming to be doing his utmost to -urge his men forward, but all to no purpose. They -had run up against "Stonewall," and they had no -better success than their comrades, who about the -same time were butting up against a rock wall at -the foot of Marye's Hill, on the Confederate left. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_149'>149</span>We could see the Yankee ambulances busy hauling -the wounded across the river and up the hills -beyond, to the hospitals.</p> - -<p class='c000'>All the time we could hear the roar of the battle-tide -to the left, as well as see and hear it on the -right. The booming of the cannon, the bursting of -the shells, and the long, deep, continuous roar of the -musketry, made a noise as if all nature was in -convulsion.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Then shook the hills with thunder riven,</div> - <div class='line'>Then rushed the steed to battle driven,</div> - <div class='line'>And louder than the bolts of heaven,</div> - <div class='line'>Far flashed the red artillery."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The big Yankee guns over the river punctuating -the noise with frequent loud and long sounding -booms, followed by the screams of the big shells, as -they sped across the river, the reply of the Confederates' -heavy guns—all sounded like "pandemonium -broke loose"—whatever that is—or like the crash -of worlds in the coming clash of the spheres, if ever -God Almighty lets loose the reins that hold them in -their orbits. It has been said that during this battle, -General Lee remarked to some one, "This is grand; -it is well that it does not come often. We would -become too fond of such things."</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>BEHIND MARYE'S HILL</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Soon after the Yankees got enough of Stonewall's -men on the right, and while the battle was still -<span class='pageno' id='Page_150'>150</span>raging on the left, Kemper's Brigade was called to -"attention," and marched off in quick time to the left -towards Fredericksburg; going to support the troops -on Marye's Hill, who had borne the heat and burden -of the day on that wing, passing Gen. R. E. Lee on -the road, standing by his war horse, "Traveler," -with his staff about him, on a high point from where -he could "view the landscape o'er," and a large part -of the battlefield as well; I think, however, General -Lee was giving more attention to the battle than -to the landscape. A battery of heavy artillery was -near by, engaged in a duel with the Yankee guns -across the river. The brigade did not halt to act -as a second in that duel, but hurried on down the -telegraph road towards Fredericksburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Just about the time the head of the column -reached the foot of the long hill, and filed to the -left, a Yankee battery from somewhere, presumably -from across the river, commenced throwing shells -right into the line, exploding in the midst, and -knocking men right and left. A few feet in front I -saw a shell explode and knock several men of -Company H heels over head. All were now moving -at a run and soon got out of range of this battery, -crossing Hazel Run, and going in the rear of -Marye's Hill, lying down there until dark, expecting -to be called into action at any moment. But -Generals Ransom and Cobb, with their gallant North -Carolinians and Georgians, stood like statues behind -the rock wall—with the now famous Washington -<span class='pageno' id='Page_151'>151</span>Artillery, under Colonel Walton, behind them on -the crest of the hill—and repulsed with great slaughter -the frequent and desperate assaults made by the -enemy in columns of whole divisions, literally covering -the ground with dead Yankees. Not during the -war was any piece of ground so thickly covered -with dead men as this.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Some years ago I talked with a Yankee soldier -who was in one of the assaulting columns at this -place, who described the situation there in front of -the Confederate lines as, "a hell on earth."</p> - -<p class='c000'>Six separate and distinct assaults the Yankees -made with divisions heavily massed, but all failed.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While the brigade lay just back of the hill, spent -balls came over from the front, dropping among the -men, and now and then wounding some one—a very -uncomfortable position to be in, though not very -dangerous; the balls had hardly force enough to kill, -yet they hit pretty hard. I remember Captain -Houston, of Company K, had the breath fairly -knocked out of him by being struck about the short -ribs with a spent minie ball. The surgeon made an -examination and found the skin had not been -broken, only a severe bruise, whereupon he remarked, -"It is only a furlough wound." No enemy -was in sight upon whom the fire could be returned; -all that could be done was to lay low, hug mother -earth, and await events.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About sundown the firing ceased and the battle -of Fredericksburg was over, though no one knew it.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_152'>152</span>The Yankees had been beaten back at every point -they assailed the Confederate lines, but were not -routed nor driven back across the river. General -Lee, standing on the defensive all this day, still -stood awaiting another attack, but none came.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have often thought how presumptuous it was in -Burnside to attack Lee and Jackson in their chosen -position; although his forces greatly outnumbered -theirs, yet he stood no earthly chance of driving the -Confederates from their position. General Burnside -used no strategy or tactics in this battle; he -just hurled his massed forces against Lee's lines.</p> - -<p class='c000'>"On to Richmond" was the clamor at the North, -and Burnside had to do something. He got soundly -whipped, for a fact.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>SHARP-SHOOTING</h3> - -<p class='c008'>At dark the brigade went around the hill to the -left and relieved the troops who had been fighting -all day. The Eleventh Regiment was placed in a cut -in the road on the outskirts of the town, just to the -left of the stone wall, remaining here that night, -and the next day, sharp-shooting with the Yankees -posted in the houses of the town. If a head was -raised above the bank for half a minute, "sip" -would come a minie ball, the Confederates returning -the fire, giving the Yankees tit-for-tat—shot -for shot.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was fun for some of Company C to place a hat -or cap on a ramrod, raise it slowly above the bank, -and as soon as the Yankee ball whizzed by, rise up -<span class='pageno' id='Page_153'>153</span>and fire at the door or window from whence the -puff of smoke came. Some of them would raise a -hand above the bank and say, "Look, boys, I am -going to get a furlough wound," but they would hold -it there only a second, lest it be struck sure enough. -I saw here one of the men fire upon two Yankees, -one on the back of the other, who let his charge -drop at the crack of the gun. I have often regretted -not preventing this shot. It was a case of one -comrade helping a sick or wounded friend. Then -we looked upon them as deadly enemies, and they -were, too; revengeful, vindictive, and cruel.</p> - -<p class='c000'>All that day and the next, the 14th and 15th, the -two armies lay still, only engaging in sharp-shooting -and picket-firing along some parts of the line. On -the night of the 15th, the Yankees, like the Arab, -folded their tents and quietly stole away in the night, -re-crossing the river on their pontoon bridges, which -they drew ashore on the north bank, and again all -was quiet along the banks of the Rappahannock; -"no sound save the rush of the river." But many a -soldier was "off duty forever."</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the battle of Fredericksburg the Yankees -admitted the loss of between twelve and fifteen -thousand men killed, wounded and captured, while -the Confederate loss was comparatively light.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The brigade, on the 16th, marched back a mile -or two south of Fredericksburg, camping in the -woods near Guinea Station, on the Richmond, Fredericksburg -& Potomac Railroad, where big snowball -battles were fought, regiment pitted against regiment, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_154'>154</span>the field officers on horseback taking part, and -getting well pelted too.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While in camp near Fredericksburg, John Lane, -a young soldier of Company C, died. He had been -sick only a few days. One evening we had orders -to be ready to march at sun-up the next morning. -I got up that morning quite early to look after him -and get him in the ambulance. I first went to -where he was sleeping to enquire how he was. I -found him lying between two of his sleeping -comrades, stark and cold in death, his bed-fellows -being unaware that he had passed away while they -slept. Blood-stains on his lips told that he had died -of hemorrhage. We remained in the vicinity of -Fredericksburg until the latter part of February, -1863. Just before the brigade moved from here, an -order came to detail one officer from each regiment -to go home for supplies of shoes, socks, and -clothing for the men. Maj. Kirk Otey, who was in -command of the regiment, very kindly gave me this -detail without solicitation on my part. Of course, I -was delighted to go home, and be with the loved -ones, but this great pleasure ended very sadly -indeed. A terrible stroke fell on my wife and myself -in the death of our little boy, Dixie, who was -then nearly eighteen months old. We had gone -from my father's, where my wife made her home -during the war, to her father's, Capt. William -Cocke, when our little boy was taken with a severe -spell of acute indigestion, which threw him into -<span class='pageno' id='Page_155'>155</span>convulsions, caused congestion of the brain, and in -spite of all that loving hearts and hands and medical -skill could do, he died in a few days. We laid him -to rest in the old family graveyard at Shady Grove -with sad, sad hearts. The day after he was buried -I had to leave home for the army, the time of my -detail having expired, and the rules of war being -inexorable, I had to go. My wife was inconsolable. -It was with a sad and heavy heart I left her in care -of those I knew full well would do all for her that -human love and sympathy could do. Duty called -me hence and I had to obey.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_156'>156</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XII' class='c004'>CHAPTER XII<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>To Richmond, Chester, and Petersburg—To<br /> North Carolina—Back to Virginia, at<br /> Suffolk—To Taylorsville—On to<br /> Join General Lee</span></h2> -</div> - -<h3 class='c007'>TO RICHMOND</h3> - -<p class='c008'>While I was away Pickett's Division and other -troops under Longstreet left the vicinity of Fredericksburg, -marched to and through Richmond, and -camped on the 13th of February, 1863, near Chester -Station, on the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad. -I heard some of the men say, that when bivouacked -here, while the army slept under their blankets -a heavy snow fell, enveloping all in a mantle of -white while sleeping comfortably and quietly until -day dawned, unconscious of the additional cover -spread over them during the night. I rejoined the -command about that time, and later we marched to -the south side of Petersburg, protecting forage trains -down towards Suffolk.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After marching in Southside, Va., for a few -days, through Southampton and other counties, -where we got some of the splendid hams—the finest -I ever ate—for which this section is justly famous, -one afternoon our mess bought some fresh herring. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_157'>157</span>That night we ate all we could for supper and covered -the rest up in the leaves for breakfast. But -we were aroused at daybreak the next morning, -and left for Petersburg, leaving the herring there in -the woods. I often afterwards thought of and -wished for those fish.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>OFF FOR THE OLD NORTH STATE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>About the 20th of March, 1863, the brigade took -the train at Petersburg for North Carolina. We were -in box-cars, and built fires of pine wood on piles of -dirt in the cars. It was very cold, and all were well -smoked. We went by way of Weldon to Goldsboro, -going into camp in the long-leaf pine woods just -north of the town.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While here three men were shot for desertion. -All the regiments were drawn up around the -victims, who were bound to stakes in hollow -square formation, one side of the square being open. -A detail of eighteen men, one-half of whom had -balls in their guns and the other half without balls, -did the shooting. I don't remember to what commands -these deserters belonged; I am sure none of -them belonged to the Eleventh Regiment. This was -to me a sickening spectacle, never witnessed before -or afterwards. Very few Confederate soldiers -suffered a like fate. It was necessary to make -examples sometimes.</p> - -<p class='c000'>From Goldsboro we went to Kinston, on Neuse -River, remaining here several days, and then -<span class='pageno' id='Page_158'>158</span>marched to New Berne, lower down the Neuse—where -there was some fighting with the Yankees -who occupied the town. The Eleventh Regiment -was not engaged. It was expected the place would -be attacked, but it was not. General Pickett was -in command.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember it was after night when the vicinity -of New Berne was reached by Kemper's Brigade. -Company C was detailed for picket duty. The company -was conducted out through the pitch darkness, -the night being foggy and very dark, by a guide -sent for the purpose, who led us for some distance -across an open field, finally posting the company -with instruction to keep a sharp lookout for the -Yankees in our front. When morning dawned, it -was discovered that the company was one-half -mile away from where it was intended to be posted, -and facing in the wrong direction.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While in North Carolina, rations were plentiful, -sweet potatoes and rice especially, also black-eyed -peas, cornbread and bacon, all of which were greatly -enjoyed, for rations had been pretty short in Virginia -for some time. The country down on Neuse -River was very rich and productive, large quantities -of corn being raised, and while the troops occupied -the country and kept the Yankees in their strongholds -near the coast, foragers were busy with the -wagons hauling out provisions and supplies for the -army in Virginia.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_159'>159</span>There were some fine old plantations and homes -in this rich lowland country, where once prosperity, -peace and happiness reigned; but now all was -changed; the ruthless hand of a cruel and relentless -enemy had been laid upon the country along the -coast, the towns were in his possession, and the -country and people for many miles back wore an -aspect of gloom and despair, with many lone -chimneys standing out as grim monuments to -Yankee vandalism.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While at Kinston, Lieut. John W. Daniel, later -United States Senator, who was then adjutant of -the Eleventh Regiment, was promoted to major and -ordered to report to Gen. Jubal A. Early, for duty -as chief of staff, which position he filled with credit -and distinction until he fell desperately wounded at -the battle of the Wilderness, and as all know, -maimed for life. What a name and fame he won -in civil life is known of all men.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>BACK TO VIRGINIA</h3> - -<p class='c008'>About the 4th of April, 1863, the brigade left -North Carolina by train for Franklin Station, Va., -south of Petersburg, on Blackwater River. In a -few days, with other troops under the command of -General Longstreet, we crossed Blackwater River -and marched down near Suffolk, and had several -skirmishes with the Yankees, who occupied the -town. No attempt was made to capture the place. I -<span class='pageno' id='Page_160'>160</span>think the object of the expedition was to give the -Confederates an opportunity of gathering supplies -along the Blackwater River and beyond, and by -threatening Suffolk, prevent the Yankees sending -reënforcements to Hooker, whom Lee was confronting -on the Rappahannock.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederates had a line of breastworks extending -out from the Dismal Swamp at right angles -on either side of the main road to Suffolk to another -swamp on the left, with an abattis in front, but as -usual the Yankees did not attack. There was also -one or more batteries of artillery along, and some -cavalry.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The picket line was about 1,000 yards to the front, -at the further edge of a pine thicket, with open fields -in front, extending towards Suffolk, though we were -not in sight of the town; there were rifle-pits every -few yards along the picket line.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One day while here the Yankees came out from -Suffolk in force, drove in the pickets, and placed a -battery in position in sight of the breastworks 800 -yards away, and opened fire. The works were at -once manned, and two batteries vigorously returned -the fire of the enemy. All were expecting an attack -on the breastworks and were prepared to meet it, -but it did not come. It was not long before a shell -from one of the Confederate guns struck and exploded -an ammunition chest of a Yankee gun, at -which a wild cheer went up from the Confederate -lines, whereupon the Yankees broke and ran for -<span class='pageno' id='Page_161'>161</span>dear life, leaving a disabled limber and one or more -dead men on the ground. The captain of our -battery had measured the distance from the breastworks -to the point where the Yankees planted their -battery, and knew exactly how to cut the fuse to do -effective work. A Yankee detail returned the next -day under flag of truce to get their dead, and said, -"When you fellows raised that yell, we thought you -were charging us, and we decamped in short order." -The "Rebel yell" had terrified them again.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Another day, when Company C and Company D -were on picket, the Yankees came out again. We -could see the skirmishers deploying across an open -field half a mile or more to the front, while their -main body marched along the outside of the road -fence in columns of fours, partially hid by trees -and bushes. On they came, nearer and nearer, until -the skirmishers reached a fence running parallel -with our line some distance in front, rather out of -range of our guns; here they halted and commenced -shooting at long range. Expecting the main body -to advance and attempt to drive us back from the -picket line, we occupied the rifle-pits, and Captain -Houston and myself tried to restrain the men from -returning the fire until the enemy was in good range, -but when the balls would come whizzing by, whacking -the trees behind us, some of the men would -crack away now and then in spite of us, but did not -hit any of the Yankees.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_162'>162</span>While this was going on, a black smoke burst -forth from a large dwelling-house about 150 yards -in our front, on the right of the road, the inmates, -women and children, running and screaming from -the burning house. The vandals had set fire to -that house and burned it with all its contents, -leaving those women and children homeless and -helpless, only, as they said, because some of the -Confederate pickets had been going there and -getting something to eat. The miscreants left when -the flames enveloped the house.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederates gave them a parting volley, -together with a loud cheer of derision and defiance. -One of the Yankees was seen to fall, but got up -again and went on. Sam Franklin, of Company C, -took deliberate aim at this man in the road. At the -crack of his gun the Yankee fell prone to the -ground, when Sam cried out exultingly, "I got -him; I got him." As the Yankee struggled to his -feet and moved off down the road, Sam's exultant -tone changed to one of chagrin, as he said, "No, I -didn't; he's got up and gone." The Yankee went -off; we never knew whether he had a bullet hole -in his measly hide or not. No doubt all of us hoped -he had, and that it had reached a vital spot.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After remaining near Suffolk several days longer, -the command returned to Franklin Station, which -place was abandoned on the —— day of May. -Marching through the country, Petersburg was -reached the 9th of May, 1863. From thence we went -<span class='pageno' id='Page_163'>163</span>to Taylorsville, in Hanover County, remaining at -the latter place until about the 3d of June.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This falling back from Suffolk was done in -regular military order, as if expecting the enemy to -make a hot pursuit. The trees along the roadside -were chopped nearly down by the corps of sappers -and miners—"<em>sappling</em> miners," as some of the boys -called them—ready to be felled across the road by -a few licks of the axe when the rear guard had -passed. At the bridge across Blackwater, troops -were deployed in line of battle on either side of the -road; the artillery was also in position, in battery, -unlimbered and ready for action; General Longstreet -was at the bridge seeing to it that every detail -was carried out. But the enemy made no effort to -pursue. I think the bridge was destroyed after all -had crossed over.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the meantime General Lee had, on the 1st to -5th of May, fought and won the battle of Chancellorsville, -where the immortal "Stonewall" Jackson -fell.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While down on the Dismal Swamp the echoes of -the great guns, away up on the Rappahannock, could -be heard rolling through the swamps and lowlands; -loud-mouthed messengers, telling of the deadly -struggle raging far away.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_164'>164</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XIII' class='c004'>CHAPTER XIII<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Pennsylvania Campaign—Gettysburg—Back<br /> to Virginia—General Lee and Army<br /> of Northern Virginia</span></h2> -</div> - -<h3 class='c007'>PENNSYLVANIA CAMPAIGN</h3> - -<p class='c008'>These troops—Pickett's Division and others—that -had been in North Carolina and southeast of -Petersburg since February, as before said, halted at -Taylorsville, where they remained until the 3d of -June, 1863. Leaving Corse's Brigade at Taylorsville, -they then set out to join General Lee's -army. Of course, no one knew where we were -going, nor what General Lee's plans were. -We were going to join "Mars Bob," and follow -where he might lead. The Gettysburg or Pennsylvania -campaign having been determined on, General -Lee was gathering in all available troops. The -battles around Chancellorsville had been fought and -won without Longstreet and his legions, except -McLaw's Division, but now they were again to play -an important part in the army of Northern Virginia. -We marched through the counties of Hanover, -Spottsylvania, Orange, and Culpeper.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the march I was taken sick, riding in an -ambulance part of the way; the night before reaching -<span class='pageno' id='Page_165'>165</span>Culpeper Court House I was quite ill. The next -morning I was sent in an ambulance to Culpeper -Court House to be forwarded to Lynchburg. At -Culpeper I stopped at the hotel, where I went to -bed until the next morning, when I got aboard the -train for Lynchburg. The ladies at Culpeper were -very kind to me, as they were to all soldiers, doing -everything in their power for the Confederates all -over the South.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the train near Charlottesville I met Dr. G. W. -Thornhill, who had been the regimental surgeon -until a short while before, and with whom I had become -quite intimate. The doctor was very kind, and -before we got to Lynchburg, told me I need not -go to the hospital, he being the chief surgeon in -charge, but to a private house, and that his ambulance -would be at the dépôt. When we got to -Lynchburg, he took me to his ambulance, telling the -driver to take me wherever I wished to go, saying -he would come to see me every day. I went out -on College Hill to my brother-in-law's, Mr. Geo. -A. Burks, where, of course, I had the best of attention, -and Dr. Thornhill, true to his promise, visited -me daily. My wife and father came up at once, the -former remaining with me until I was able to go -out home in a carriage, which was in about two -weeks. Dr. Thornhill said he had no authority to -issue sick furloughs, but that I could go home, stay -until I was well and report back to him, which I did -in about three weeks.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_166'>166</span> - <h3 class='c007'>GETTYSBURG</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>General Lee led his army on towards the -Potomac, maneuvering, so as to force the enemy to -evacuate Virginia. The Southern army crossed the -river and invaded Pennsylvania, when the bloody -and ill-fated battle of Gettysburg was fought on -the 1st, 2d and 3d days of July, 1863.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On account of this sickness I missed the Pennsylvanian -campaign and the Gettysburg battle, in which -Pickett's Division greatly distinguished itself, making -a name that will live forever. I have often -regretted not being in that charge; may be, if I had -been there I would not now be writing these -reminiscences.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the battle of Gettysburg the loss was very -heavy. Company C lost six men killed as follows: -Lieut. James Connelly, M. M. ("Boy") Mason, -Daniel Pillow, Charles Jones, Dabney Tweedy, and -Lanious Jones. Lieutenant Connelly and Daniel -Pillow were reported missing; that is, no one saw -them fall and they were never heard of afterwards, -and no doubt died on that bloody field doing their -duty. They were brave and faithful soldiers. I -was told by some of the company that when the -command came to charge, after the heavy cannonading -had ceased, Charles Jones was among the -first on his feet, and although only a private, called -out, "Come on, boys, let's go and drive away those -infernal Yankees." He died game. It was also -<span class='pageno' id='Page_167'>167</span>said of Dabney Tweedy, that as he was borne to the -rear on a stretcher, his lifeblood fast flowing, he sang -with his last breath a hymn he and his mess were -wont to sing in camp. The company also had a number -of men wounded. J. C. Jones lost an arm; my -brother Robert W., was wounded in both feet. -While going forward in that desperate charge the -latter was struck with a minie ball on the instep of -the right foot. Stopping to ascertain the extent -of the wound, and "to see if I was hurt bad enough -to go to the rear," as he expressed it, another ball -struck his left foot just at the root of the third or -fourth toe, tearing its way through the full length of -his foot, and stopping in the heel. Hesitating no -longer, he picked up his own and another musket that -lay near by, which had fallen from the hands of some -dead or wounded comrade, and using them as -crutches, hopped to the rear, when he was taken -charge of by the faithful negro servant, Horace, -who had been with us from the beginning and remained -faithful until the end. Horace, by taking -Robert on his back, when no other means of conveyance -was at hand, and by getting him in an ambulance -or wagon when possible, brought him safely -out of the enemy's country, across the Potomac, on -down the Valley to Staunton, and in due time landed -him safely at home, where our mother showered -thanks on, and almost embraced, the faithful servant -for bringing her boy home. I was at home when -he arrived. The negroes were very faithful during -<span class='pageno' id='Page_168'>168</span>the war, and I have always had kindly feelings towards -them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Robert remained at home until his wounds were -healed, when he joined the command, and did faithful -service to the end.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>BACK TO VIRGINIA</h3> - -<p class='c008'>General Lee re-crossed the Potomac ten days after -the battle of Gettysburg, and crossed the Blue Ridge -into Culpeper County soon afterwards.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I rejoined the command about the last of July in -Orange or Culpeper County.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There was no more fighting that summer between -the main armies of Northern Virginia and the army -of the Potomac, as the Yankees called their "grand -army," greater by far in numbers and resources -than the army of Northern Virginia, but deficient -in leaders when compared with Lee and Jackson, -and not equal in the courage and dash that enabled -the much smaller army of Southerners to beat them -on nearly every battlefield.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Lee and Jackson had a way of throwing a large -body of men upon certain portions of the Yankee -lines during a battle, generally striking them in the -flank. Both as strategists and tacticians they were -unsurpassed. They could combine armies and concentrate -forces in action with the greatest skill, -which are the true tests of military genius.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_169'>169</span>Lee's army was much exhausted and depleted by -the spring and summer campaigns—the great battles -around Chancellorsville—which began on the 1st of -May and ended on the 5th, on the night of which -day the Yankees, badly beaten, stole back over the -Rappahannock River, glad to escape; the three -days' fighting at Gettysburg, in the first two of -which the Confederates were successful, but failed -on the third day because Pickett's men were not -properly supported.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The armies lay on either side of the Rapidan, on -the south side of which General Lee had taken position, -while the Yankees confronted him on the north -side, the two armies stretching up and down the -river for many miles. Later General Lee retired -south of the Rappahannock.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The army of Northern Virginia, while its ranks -were much depleted by the many bloody battles of -the year (and many were footsore and weary from -the long marches, ragged and dirty as they were), -yet the men were not dispirited nor had they lost -faith in their great leader, upon whom all looked as -the greatest captain of the age. I know full well the -sentiment among the men was, that the failure at -Gettysburg was due, not to General Lee's want of -skill and ability as a leader, but to the tardiness of -Longstreet, and his failure to support Pickett's -charge. The men knew well where the fault lay, and -were not slow to express themselves.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_170'>170</span> - <h3 class='c007'>GENERAL LEE AND THE ARMY OF NORTHERN<br /> VIRGINIA</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>In August or September, after the men had -rested and the army had been recruited by the return -to duty of many sick and wounded, there were -general reviews. The whole army, of every branch—infantry, -artillery, and cavalry—was drawn up -in columns of regiments, brigades, and divisions, in -large open fields, General Lee and his staff riding -along the lines of each command, and then all -marched by the reviewing station, showing by the -steady and firm step and soldierly bearing that they -were not disheartened, but ready to go whenever -their trusted and beloved commander might point -the way. While other commanders were often -criticized, never a word of censure of General Lee -escaped the lips of his men; he was "Mars Bob" -and "Uncle Bob" with them, and whatever he did -was right, in their estimation.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have just spoken of General Lee as the greatest -captain of the age, and so he was; I am equally -sure that the army of Northern Virginia was never -excelled in the annals of the world.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Without this army Lee and Jackson could never -have made the name and fame they did. These -generals had confidence in their men, and the men -had confidence in their generals; there was not only -mutual confidence, but mutual love and esteem.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_171'>171</span>History records no incidents like those in which, -on two occasions, Lee's men, when he had placed -himself in front to lead desperate charges, cried out, -"General Lee, to the rear"; and private soldiers -actually seized his bridle reins and led his horse -through the lines to the rear saying, "General Lee, -we will attend to this; you go to the rear." I did -not see this, but it is too well authenticated to admit -of question. I am sure there were men in Company -C, and the other companies of the Eleventh Regiment, -who would have done and said the same thing -under like circumstances.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the Bridge of Lodi, Napoleon, after his men -had made two unsuccessful attempts to cross the -bridge and capture a battery, seized the colors and -led a successful charge. Lee's men compelled him -to go to the rear and then made successful charges. -Some one, in writing of this incident in Napoleon's -career, remarked that "any corporal in the French -army should have been capable of carrying the flag -over that bridge." Lee had thousands of privates -capable of leading his horse to the rear and commanding -him to go to the rear. General Lee fully -recognized the prowess of his men, and always -gave them due credit in general orders.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I believe the time will come when some great -historian will be raised up to tell the true story of -the Southern Confederacy, of her heroic armies -and matchless leaders; some Gibbons, Burke or -Macaulay; and another Virgil or Homer in a great -<span class='pageno' id='Page_172'>172</span>epic poem will sing of arms and of men, the like of -which the world has never known. An Englishman -has truly said, "It was an army in which every virtue -of an army, and the genius of consummate generalship, -had been displayed."</p> - -<p class='c000'>If Lee and Jackson had lived in the mythological -ages of the world they would have been called the -sons of gods, if not very gods, and the men they led -classed with the heroes who fought under the walls -of Troy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When this history is written the world will be -astonished at the disparity in numbers, equipments, -and resources of the contending armies.</p> - -<p class='c000'>"True greatness will always bear the test of time. -The greatness of really great men will grow as the -ages roll by." The fame of Lee and Jackson, and -the army that helped to make them great, will go -down the eons of time, ever increasing, and when -time shall be no more, the echo will be heard -resounding through the corridors of eternity.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_173'>173</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XIV' class='c004'>CHAPTER XIV<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>To Taylorsville—At Chafin's Farm—To<br /> North Carolina—Marching Through<br /> Swamps and Sand—The Capture of<br /> Plymouth—Companies C and G<br /> Have Serious Experiences—Incidents<br /> of the Battle—The<br /> Gunboat "Albemarle"—Col.<br /> James<br /> Dearing Wins<br /> Promotion—On<br /> to Washington, North Carolina—Newberne<br /> Invested</span></h2> -</div> - -<h3 class='c007'>TO TAYLORSVILLE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>In the early fall of 1863, the brigade now commanded -by Gen. ("Buck") W. R. Terry, General -Kemper being disabled by wounds received at -Gettysburg, moved down towards Spottsylvania -County, and later, about the 1st of October, 1863, -went into camp near Taylorsville, Hanover County, -which seemed a favorite stopping place. I remember -on this march I wore a pair of new boots. My -feet becoming sore and blistered, I had to fall back -in the rear. I took off the boots and walked in my -socks until the sand worked through, when the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_174'>174</span>bottoms of my feet began to burn as if walking on -hot embers. I then took off my socks and walked -on, barefooted, until the sand and gravel began to -wear away the cuticle, when I put on my boots -without socks, and limped on, coming up with the -command after dark, which was bivouacked by the -roadside.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The brigade remained at Taylorsville until about -the 1st of January, 1864, guarding the railroad -bridges over the North and South Anna rivers, and -doing picket duty to the east down on the Pamunky. -I remember while on picket that fall, the weather -was delightful, the atmosphere pure and clear as -that under the far-famed Italian skies, and how the -boys used to watch the morning-star as it rose high -in the heavens, keeping track of it as late as 10 and -11 o'clock <span class='fss'>A. M.</span>, when it could be seen plainly with -the naked eye, by knowing exactly where to look, -some one always keeping it in sight.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The command was quite comfortably situated -here, some building huts or "dog houses" and -chimneys to tents, and as the picket duty was not -very arduous, we had a pretty good time, though -rations were scarce. My memory is at fault as to -the time the brigade was in camp below Richmond -at Chafin's Farm, nearly opposite Drury's Bluff. -At any rate, we were there at one time, and relieved -Gen. Henry A. Wise's brigade. Here we had a -fine camping ground in high, level fields, and expected -to remain some time, but did not tarry very -<span class='pageno' id='Page_175'>175</span>long. While here I visited the batteries at Drury's -Bluff, and saw the big guns mounted there, pointing -down a long stretch of the river half a mile or more. -The men here said, that lower down on the bluff -other big guns were in position near the water's edge, -which, they declared, "could blow clear out of the -water any Yankee gunboat that attempted to pass -up the river." The Yankee gunboats at one time -attacked this place, but were driven off in short -order. The Confederate ironclad gunboat, <em>Patrick -Henry</em>, lay at anchor in the river just above the -bluff. This I also visited, going on board, and -inspecting the little monster, small though formidable, -with its ribs of railroad iron, and big guns. I -was struck with how neat and clean everything was -kept—spic and span as any ladies' parlor or drawing-room—the -floors highly polished, the brass work -clean and shining, and the officers and crew very -polite, taking pains and seeming pride in showing -visitors over the boat.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Soon after we arrived at Chafin's Farm I went -on some errand for General Kemper or General -Terry (I forget now which was in command) to -Gen. Henry A. Wise's headquarters. I had seen General -Wise before and had heard him speak more than -once, but had never met him. I was struck with -his polite and pleasing manner, and the courtesy -with which he received me. But the man of the -most pleasing and delightful manners I met during -the war was Col. Isaac H. Carrington, provost -<span class='pageno' id='Page_176'>176</span>marshal of Richmond. I had occasion once to visit -his office on business and was perfectly charmed -with his urbanity not profuse or embarrassing to -a visitor, but delightfully easy and pleasing was his -manner; I am sure he was a born gentleman.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I should have stated before, that in the early fall -of 1863, soon after the brigade and the other -brigades of Pickett's Division had been detached and -sent to Taylorsville, thence below Petersburg, Longstreet -and his other two divisions, Hood's and McLaw's, -were also detached and sent to Tennessee, -where they rendered distinguished service in the -battle of Chickamauga, and later at Knoxville.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>TO NORTH CAROLINA AGAIN</h3> - -<p class='c008'>On the 10th of January, 1864, the brigade embarked -on the cars at Petersburg for Goldsboro, -N. C, via Weldon; remained at Goldsboro until -near the last of the month, going thence to Kinston, -on Neuse River.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About the 1st of February the brigade, with other -troops under General Pickett, marched to New -Berne, lower down on the Neuse. The town was -invested and there was some fighting, some outposts -taken and prisoners captured as well as considerable -stores, but the town was not attacked, nor -was the Eleventh Regiment actively engaged, though -at one time the brigade was drawn up in line of -battle, and all thought that we were going into a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_177'>177</span>fight. I remember as the line was being formed, -seeing the drummers with their drums slung over -their shoulders going back to where the surgeons -had selected a position for the field hospital, to assist -the doctors. I remarked to some one that if I lived -through the war, I intended to have all my boys learn -to beat the drum. Whenever the drummers and the -cavalry were seen going to the rear, some one was -sure to say, "Look out, boys, we are going to have a -fight." The troops marched back to Kinston, thence -to Goldsboro, where we remained until the 20th of -February, when we again marched to Kinston.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About this time, I got a twenty-days' furlough and -went home. Many of the officers and men got furloughs -during the winter, as there was little or no -fighting going on.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>MARCHING THROUGH SWAMPS AND SAND</h3> - -<p class='c008'>We lived pretty well while marching and tramping -around through the swamps and sands of -Eastern North Carolina, but some of the marches -were very trying. In places the roadbeds were -worn down a foot or two; in rainy weather the -roads would be full of mud and water half-leg deep, -through which we tramped for miles on a stretch, -the roadside being closely bordered with thick-growing -bushes and intertwining vines; it was impossible -to avoid the slush and water. Often when -a particularly muddy stretch of road, or a big, deep -<span class='pageno' id='Page_178'>178</span>mudhole was encountered, some wag would call -out, "Boys, you have been looking for a soft place, -here it is." By the "soft place" was meant an easy, -bomb-proof detail, where there was no fighting, -picket or guard duty to perform.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Some of these marches were made in the night -time, when the men would splash and flounder along -through the mud, some swearing, some laughing and -cracking jokes, and ever and anon, the "Bonnie Blue -Flag," "Dixie," or some other patriotic song would -be started, when the woodland would ring for miles -with the songs, and the echoes go rolling through -the swamps and marshes.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In some sections the roads ran through high and -dry lands, the roadbeds filled with loose, white -sand, over which the marching was very laborious; -sometimes through the long-leaf pine turpentine -orchards, as they were called—great forests of tall -pines, the bark from two sides of the trees being -scraped off, with steel-bladed knives on long poles, -many feet from the ground, so that when the sap -rises it exudes freely, running down the trunks of -the trees into deep notches near the ground, cut -with long-bladed axes, made for the purpose, and -then dipped out into buckets and conveyed to the -turpentine distillery.</p> - -<p class='c000'>During the winter these scraped-off surfaces are -incrusted with dried rosin, which burns freely when -set on fire, the blaze running up the trees many feet. -On these night marches sometimes the soldiers -<span class='pageno' id='Page_179'>179</span>would apply the torch to the rosin-covered trees -along the roadside, when the woods and country -around would be lighted up, the flames leaping up -the tall pines to the very tops; the long, gray moss -hanging in festoons from the branches of the live -oaks interspersed among the pines, the glare of the -long streaks of flame reflecting on the white sand, -scintillating like carpets woven of silver threads and -sprinkled with tiny diamonds; the gloom off in the -woods beyond the penetration of the light, and anon -the hooting of the big owl and the scream of the -nighthawk—all brought to mind scenes described in -fairy tales, where witches and goblins in fantastic -attire and shapes participate in high carnival, reveling -with kindred spirits in some vale of tangled wild-wood, -deep hidden and embossed in the gloom, save -for the glare of the torches of the devotees—while -the gray lines of the soldiers, like grim spectral -figures stalking along betwixt the blazing trees, the -red lights flashing from their burnished muskets -and bayonets, reflected on their begrimed faces, -resembled gigantic and uncanny figures moving -amidst the flames of some plutorion realm.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These high, sandy roads traverse the country -between Goldsboro, Kinston, and Tarboro.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While I was on furlough, the command went by -train to Wilmington, thence by steamer down Cape -Fear River to Smithville, opposite Fort Fisher, -camping on the seashore, where the men feasted on -oysters and fish.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_180'>180</span>After the expiration of my furlough I returned -to the command, which was, when I left home, still -on the seashore, but on my arrival at Wilmington I -met the brigade on the return trip up the river on -the way to Goldsboro, where we remained until the -1st of April, then marched to Tarboro on Tar River, -when some one started a report that "Tar River -was on fire," but the report, like many others circulated -in the army, proved untrue. These rumors -were called "grapevine dispatches," and were -about on a par with the weather man's reports of -to-day. While at Manassas the first year of the -war a report was circulated that the Black Horse -Cavalry had captured the Yankee gunboat <em>Pawnee</em> -on the Potomac River.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE CAPTURE OF PLYMOUTH</h3> - -<p class='c008'>On the 15th of April, 1864, the brigade, with -other troops—infantry, artillery, and cavalry, under -the command of Gen. R. F. Hoke, of North -Carolina—marched on Plymouth, which was -captured on the 20th of April, with a brigade of -Yankees, and large quantities of stores, arms, and -provisions. Our little army lived high for a few -days, literally feasting on the fat of the land. While -besieging the town, Company C and Company G of -the Eleventh Regiment had an experience worth -relating; a very trying and disastrous one it was, -too, for these two companies, which I will presently -<span class='pageno' id='Page_181'>181</span>relate. Plymouth is situated on the south bank of -Roanoke River, not far from where it empties into -the Albemarle Sound.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankees had erected several forts and redoubts -around the place, one of which, Fort Warren, -was about a mile up the river and not in sight of -the town. When the town was invested, Terry's -Brigade, except the Twenty-fourth Regiment, which -went below near the town, was placed in front of -this fort, which could not be seen from where the -lines were first formed, for the woods intervened. -As soon as the lines were established, Company C -was detailed for picket duty and placed along the -farther edge of the piece of woods in which the line -was formed. I walked out in the field to see what -could be seen, and pretty soon came in sight of the -Yankee pickets to the left, one of whom took off -his cap and waved it; I did not return his salute. -About that time there appeared beyond the Yankee -pickets, still further to the left, what I at first -thought was a train of cars. While I was looking -on in astonishment, a puff of smoke burst from the -supposed train with a loud boom and shriek through -the air, which I at once recognized as a cannon shot -and shell. I divined at once, that what I had taken -for a train of cars was a Yankee gunboat steaming -up Roanoke River, though I could not see the river -for the high banks. I don't know whether that -shell was fired at me or not—they may have just -been "shelling the woods"; I was the only Confederate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_182'>182</span>in sight of the boat in the direction which it -was fired. If it was, it was a poor shot, it went -high overhead and crashed into the woods beyond. -I did not run, but am pretty certain I ducked my -head, and walked back to the picket line; I did not -return the salutation of the Yankee picket, but -bowed to the shell. It was very hard to keep from -dodging when a shell went by, or a minie ball -whizzed close. I heard a story on one of our generals -who, on one occasion when his men were -dodging at the minie balls, upbraided them, saying, -"Stand up like men and don't dodge," when pretty -quick a shell came very close to the general, who -ducked his head. The men began to laugh, and the -general said, "It is all right to dodge them big -ones."</p> - -<p class='c000'>The gunboat steamed on up the river out of sight. -That afternoon or the next morning the Confederate -pickets advanced nearer to, and in sight of -the fort, wading through a swamp in the woods for -several hundred yards from half-leg to knee-deep -in water, to the edge of the field in which the fort -was situated, some 800 or 1,000 yards away.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The companies took daily turns at this duty while -the siege of the town lasted.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>COMPANIES C AND G HAVE SERIOUS EXPERIENCE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Now I come to the relation of that trying and -disastrous experience mentioned above. The scare -<span class='pageno' id='Page_183'>183</span>I had from the Yankee gunboat and shell was as -nothing compared to this. One morning before -day, Company C and Company G were aroused -from sleep, called to arms, and received instructions -from Colonel Otey, coming from General Terry, -to "march out in the field in front of the fort to -within musket range, open fire and keep down the -Yankee gunners while the Confederate battery -shells the Yankees out of the fort." Company G -was commanded by Lieut. James Franklin, of -Lynchburg, and I, being the senior officer, had -charge of the expedition. As soon as the orders were -received, off we started. Wading through the swamp, -we came out at the picket posts at the edge of the -field when the first streaks of daybreak could be -seen in the east. Company G had not yet gotten out -of the swamp. It being important to get position as -near the fort as possible while it was yet dark, I at -once deployed Company C in skirmish line and -moved forward, leaving word with the pickets for -Company G to come on as soon as they got through -the swamp.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We marched on in silence until within about 400 -yards of the fort, when all at once, without any -warning, or even saying, "by your leave," the -Yankees let loose the dogs of war upon us, with, -as it seemed to me, all kinds of guns and shot, big -and little—shells, grapeshot, canister, and minie -balls. At this warm and sudden salutation, the men -fell prone to the ground. Thinking that we were -<span class='pageno' id='Page_184'>184</span>not close enough to the fort to do much execution -with muskets, I gave the command, "Forward," -when every man rose to his feet and rushed forward -some distance. When the command, "Lie down and -commence firing," was given, this was at once -obeyed. About this time Company G came up at -double-quick and joined in the firing. All the while -the Yankees were pouring it into us, killing and -wounding a good many. Here the two companies lay -out in the open field without any protection whatever, -without a tree or rock, stump or log to shelter -them, firing at the fort until after sun-up, while the -Confederate battery was trying to shell the Yankees -out of the fort. They were only trying, sure enough, -for I could see the shells bursting high in the air -over the fort, while never a one entered or exploded -near it. I had sent back for more ammunition, -some of the men saying their supply was running -short from the rapid firing, but before the messenger -returned I concluded the right thing to do was to -get away from that place as soon as possible; so I -gave the command, "Skirmish in retreat; double-quick, -march," which was done in full double-quick -time. Sad to say, we left five or six men, good -soldiers, dead on the field, while a number of others -were wounded.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company C lost two good men killed, as follows: -Bennett Tweedy, Wm. Monroe, and I think another, -whose name I do not remember. Among the -wounded was Abner Bateman, who had his right -<span class='pageno' id='Page_185'>185</span>arm shattered above the elbow. A section of the -bone was removed by the surgeon, so that afterwards -he had an extra joint, as it were, in his arm. -Company G lost several men also. That night a -detail was sent out and brought off the dead bodies, -which were buried down there in the sands of the -Old North State, where, no doubt, they still lie -mouldering into dust, if not already dust, ere this.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember when we came back to the line of battle -that morning, F. C. Tweedy, a brother of Bennett, -who from some cause had not gone with us, -came to us and said, "Where is Bennett?" Some -one replied, "Bennett was killed." "Ferd" then threw -up his hands and exclaimed, "Oh, my God!" I shall -never forget the agonized tone of Ferd's voice; it -was if his very soul was pierced through and -through.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This fort was manned by 200 men with muskets, -besides the big guns, 32-pounders, mounted on the -parapet; also had sandbags arranged along the -parapet, so as to form loopholes for muskets. These -200 men in the fort, well protected, were shooting -at the 75 or 80 men laying out there in the field, -without the slightest protection—an equal contest -indeed!</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have always thought it a "fool order" that sent -these companies out that morning.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was said afterwards, and no doubt true, that a -little lieutenant who had been doing some scouting, -suggested the project to General Terry. This -<span class='pageno' id='Page_186'>186</span>lieutenant was standing out in the field alone while -the firing was going on that morning, some distance -from the firing line, when the Yankees took a crack -at him with a charge of grapeshot, one of which -struck him in the heel and maimed him for life. We -did not know that he was anywhere near, nor that -he had been wounded until after the fighting was -over. When it was known that he had suggested the -"fool project," I don't think he got much sympathy -from any one.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the 20th of April, the troops near the town, by -an assault on and capture of the forts near the -place, compelled the surrender of the enemy. We -could hear the fighting going on down the river a -mile away. All at once the firing ceased and cheering -commenced, when the men began to say, "They -are cheering—sh! sh! Listen, listen! See which -side is cheering!" It was not long before the "Rebel -yell" was recognized, then all knew the day had -been won, when the troops above sent up a mighty -shout in answer to their comrades below.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pretty soon two men in a small boat was seen -pulling up the river towards Fort Warren; all knew -it meant the surrender of the fort, and it was not -long after they landed before the Stars and Stripes -were hauled down, and a white flag run up in its -place. Another mighty cheer went up—the "Rebel -yell"—three times three. It was a glad time when -"Old Glory" slid down the flagpole. Col. Jim -Dearing and a Yankee officer were in this boat.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_187'>187</span>The brigade marched down and took possession -of the fort and garrison. Some of the Yankees said -they wanted to see the men who came out in the -field that morning, and lay under their fire for -nearly an hour. They saw them and greatly admired -such courage as was then and there displayed. -They only lost one man, their best gunner, who was -shot through the body while aiming one of the big -guns. The brigade with the prisoners then marched -down to the town, where the other prisoners and -Confederate troops were assembled, when congratulations -and good cheer among the Confederates -were exchanged; all feasting on the good things to -eat and drink captured in the forts and town.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE GUNBOAT "ALBEMARLE"</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The capture of Plymouth was greatly aided by the -Confederate ironclad gunboat, <em>Albemarle</em>, built at -Weldon, and commanded by Captain Cooke, of -the navy, which dropped down the river as the -troops marched by land, the movements of each -being timed so as to coöperate in the attack. The -<em>Albemarle</em> glided by the upper fort in the night-time, -the night after the troops invested the town, -dropping down the river near Plymouth, where the -Yankees had three gunboats lying in the river.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankees in Fort Warren, which is situated -on the river bank, said they saw the <em>Albemarle</em> as -it passed down the river that night, and had their -<span class='pageno' id='Page_188'>188</span>guns trained on it, but did not fire, thinking it was -one of their boats which had passed up the river that -afternoon, which I have already mentioned, but had -returned by another channel, unknown to the -occupants of Fort Warren.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These Yankee gunboats were the <em>Southfield</em>, -the <em>Miami</em>, and the <em>Bombshell</em>. There were -three other forts on the land side of the town: Fort -Williams, Fort Wessels, and Fort Comfort. Captain -Cooke lay at anchor until daylight. The Yankees -during the night became aware of his presence, and -made preparations to give him a warm reception -when day dawned. They conceived the idea, so it -was said, of fastening the ends of a long chain to -two of their gunboats, with which they proposed -to drag off the anchor of the <em>Albemarle</em>, by running -a boat on either side of it. Captain Cooke -heard the hammering on these boats during the -night, and divining their scheme, when daylight -dawned, turned the prow of the <em>Albemarle</em> towards -the <em>Southfield</em>, one of the boats to which -the chain was attached, with full steam ahead, -and struck the Yankee boat with terrific force, sending -it to the bottom at once.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Captain Cooke then turned on the <em>Bombshell</em>, -which surrendered. The <em>Miami</em> was next attacked, -when it made its escape by flight down the river. -Her captain was killed, and some of her guns disabled -before she got out of range.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_189'>189</span>By this bold and successful stroke of the <em>Albemarle</em>, -the whole river front of the town was exposed -to the fire of the gunboat, and it may be -depended upon that Captain Cooke made good use -of the advantage thus gained. I heard General -Wessels, the Yankee commander, after the capitulation, -berating the gunboats for their failure to -protect his water front, attributing his defeat and -capture to this. This may have been true, but I -hardly think so. General Hoke was a fine soldier -and officer, had gone there to capture Plymouth, -and would have been almost sure to have succeeded -without the aid of the <em>Albemarle</em>, but would have -no doubt lost many more men than he did. The -Confederate loss was small.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was said that there were some negro soldiers -at Plymouth, who took to the swamps, were pursued -by Dearing's Cavalry and left in the swamp, dead or -alive; none of them were taken prisoners, or -brought out of the swamp. Some of the prisoners -captured were identified as deserters from the Confederate -service; a court-martial was convened -later, and several of them were hung. These men -were North Carolinians.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>COL. JAMES DEARING WINS PROMOTION</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Col. Jim Dearing, of Campbell County, won his -brigadier-generalship at Plymouth. He was put in -command of the artillery and cavalry by General -<span class='pageno' id='Page_190'>190</span>Hoke. Dearing was a dashing officer, and in this -battle performed his part with great skill and -bravery, charging a fort with artillery, running the -guns by hand right up to the fort, pouring shot and -shell into it until the white flag was sent up. The -first day he surprised, by a quick dash with his -troopers and artillery, another fort, running in on -the Yankees so suddenly that they had no water -to cool their guns, and could only fire a few rounds, -when they sent up a white flag. General Dearing -was mortally wounded in a hand-to-hand fight with -a Yankee officer a few days before the surrender. -This officer also received his death wound in the -encounter. It has been said that General Dearing -was shot by one of his own men, who was trying -to shoot the Yankee officer. Dearing was brought -to Lynchburg where he died in a few days.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>MARCH ON WASHINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA</h3> - -<p class='c008'>After securing the trophies of the victory won at -Plymouth, which consisted of 1,600 prisoners, 2,000 -muskets, and 25 cannon, and a large quantity of -ammunition and provisions, and sending them up -the country, General Hoke and his little army -marched on Washington, situated about 30 miles -south of Plymouth, on Tar River, near the head of -Pamlico Sound. The town was reached about the -25th of April. The troops formed in line of battle, -ready for the attack, when it was found that the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_191'>191</span>place had been evacuated by the Yankees, who -doubtless had heard of the fate of Plymouth and -its garrison, and fearing lest they should share a -like fate, had decamped, bag and baggage.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>NEWBERNE AGAIN INVESTED</h3> - -<p class='c008'>From Washington the command marched towards -Newberne, situated, as before said, on Neuse River, -not far from where it also enters into Pamlico -Sound, some 35 miles still further south.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the 2d of May, the town was invested and -preparation made for the attack, when orders were -unexpectedly received to withdraw and march up -the Neuse to Kinston with all possible speed.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_192'>192</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XV' class='c004'>CHAPTER XV<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Back to Petersburg, Va.—Beast Butler—The<br /> Battle of Drury's Bluff—General Gracie's<br /> Courage—Into a Heavy Fire at<br /> Close Range—Col. Richard F.<br /> Maury—Yankee Brigade Captured—General<br /> Whiting's<br /> Failure—The<br /> Yankee Flags</span></h2> -</div> - -<h3 class='c007'>BACK TO PETERSBURG</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Leaving Newberne at night (a pitch-dark night -it was), with the Eleventh Regiment as the rearguard, -we marched up to Kinston, where the brigade -boarded the cars for Goldsboro. As the rearguard -moved off from Newberne, after the other troops -were well on the road, a body of cavalry was heard -approaching, when the regiment halted. A lone -horseman approached, who was stopped by a cry of -"Halt! who comes there?" The horseman replied, -"It's some of <em>we all's</em> men"—a non-committal reply, -to be sure.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was a squadron of North Carolina cavalry -coming back to get in the rear of the infantry. -These Tar Heels were as badly scared as we were, -each side taking the other for the enemy. Every -<span class='pageno' id='Page_193'>193</span>man had bundles of fodder tied on behind his saddle, -and presented a grotesque appearance in the darkness, -as they passed to the rear.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was soon rumored that we were needed in -Virginia to protect Richmond and Petersburg from -Beast Butler and his army, who had sailed up -James River, and was threatening Petersburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Arriving at Goldsboro, the train was sent on to -Weldon as fast as steam could carry it, and from -Weldon on towards Petersburg. On reaching -Jarratt's Station, it was found that a body of -Yankee cavalry had come up from Suffolk and -destroyed the railroad, tearing up the track and -burning the bridge over Stony Creek, several miles -further on. Leaving the train at Jarratt's, the -troops marched along the torn-up railroad track to -Stony Creek, when another train was taken for -Petersburg, where we arrived on the —— of May, -1864, none too soon for the safety of the city.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>BEAST BUTLER</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Beast Butler had come up James River on transports, -with an army of about 40,000 men, landing -some at City Point, and marched on Petersburg, -while the main body landed at Bermuda Hundred, -higher up the river. This move was no doubt intended -as a diversion to draw troops from General -Lee, who was confronting Grant in the Wilderness, -but was checkmated by drawing troops from other -<span class='pageno' id='Page_194'>194</span>points, threshing old Butler, and sending some of -these men on to join General Lee, as we shall -presently see.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the day before we arrived, or that day, I am -not sure which, Butler had advanced a strong -column as far as the Richmond & Petersburg -Railroad, between Richmond and Petersburg, and -destroyed a portion of the same; the column had -been driven back, however.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The people of Petersburg gave a joyous welcome -to the Confederates, the ladies greeting and feeding -the soldiers as they marched through the streets.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Until the arrival of these troops there was only a -thin line, principally old men and boys, with some -regular troops, holding back the Yankees from -Petersburg. General Beauregard also had, with -other troops, hurried on from the south about the -same time.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Butler, with the bulk of his army, now being -between Petersburg and Richmond, threatening -both cities, it was necessary to have troops to defend -each. Dispositions were accordingly made to that -end: General Whiting was left at Petersburg with -about 3,000 troops; Beauregard, who was now -chief commander, with the others, passed on towards -Richmond, and took position opposite Drury's -Bluff, the line extending southwest to the Richmond -& Petersburg Railroad.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As Terry's Brigade marched along the country -road towards Richmond, we knew the Yankees were -<span class='pageno' id='Page_195'>195</span>only a short distance to the right of the road, though -not in sight. Along the road at Swift Creek the -trees were scarred with bullets fired in the fight a -day or two before.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Company C marched on the right flank of the -regiment in single file, and about fifty yards from -the road, as skirmishers, moving silently along -through the pines and bushes, the men five paces -apart, looking out for the Yankees to the right, and -expecting every moment to be fired upon by the -enemy; a right ticklish position.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We got through, however, without being attacked. -Hardly had the column passed before the Yankees -came into the road we had marched over, firing upon -the rearguard. The brigade was then halted and -formed in line of battle, expecting an attack, but -none came. The command in the afternoon moved -on a little farther towards Richmond, occupying the -lines between Drury's Bluff and the railroad, -abandoning a line of breastworks, which the -Yankees afterwards occupied.</p> - -<p class='c000'>During the next few days there was considerable -fighting along the front lines, principally with -artillery, but our regiment was not engaged.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THE BATTLE OF DRURY'S BLUFF</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The army lay here on this line until the night of -the 15th of May. Late that afternoon, General -Beauregard had orders given to all the officers, from -<span class='pageno' id='Page_196'>196</span>the major-generals down to the company commanders, -for an attack on the enemy's lines at daybreak -the next morning.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember well, Col. Kirk Otey calling up all -the company commanders of the Eleventh Regiment, -and telling them that General Beauregard had determined -to attack the enemy the next morning, and -had ordered that the troops at dark march to positions -to be assigned them in front of the enemy's -lines, sleep on their arms, and at daybreak the next -morning charge the breastworks in their front. -This was an unusual order; the Commanding -General did not often disclose his plans in this way.</p> - -<p class='c000'>And so it was done. Terry's Brigade was moved -to the extreme left of the Confederate lines near -Drury's Bluff. There the brigade lay in the thick -pines with their guns by their sides until morning.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have spent many more pleasant and less anxious -nights than that one. Knowing that when the morning -dawned we would have to face death in front -of the enemy's breastworks was not very pleasant -to contemplate, to say the least. Before daybreak on -the morning of the 16th of May, 1864, the army -was aroused and the men on their feet, ready to do -or die. Many did die that morning, and something -was done, too.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The brigade took position in an open field not -far from where the night had been spent, first -marching along the river road, crossing a branch or -small creek near an old mill site, then filing to the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_197'>197</span>right off the road, and forming line of battle close -to the bushes growing along the branch, with the -open field in front. The morning was dark, a heavy -fog arising from the river enveloping the country -around.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About fifty yards in front of the brigade, an -Alabama brigade, commanded by General Gracie, -was forming in line of battle also. This brigade -was the front line. Terry's Brigade was the supporting -line, with orders to keep 200 yards in the -rear of Gracie while advancing, until called on to -go forward. Maj.-Gen. Bushrod Johnson was in -command of this part of the line; General Pickett, -I believe, was at Petersburg; Major-General Ransom, -I think, commanded the front lines.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the right flank of Gracie's Brigade, Hankin's -Battery, of Surry County, was taking position also. -No unnecessary noise was made, no one spoke unless -giving orders, and then in a low tone. The artillery -moved into position slowly, and with as little noise -as possible. I remember well the cluck of the iron -axles as the guns moved slowly into position as -quietly as a funeral procession.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When all was ready, and while it was yet dark, -the Alabamians moved forward up the hill, the -artillery keeping pace with them, firing by sections, -each section moving forward after firing.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pretty soon the Yankee pickets opened fire on -the advancing column, which it returned, the column -moving on the while, driving the pickets from their -<span class='pageno' id='Page_198'>198</span>rifle pits near the top of the hill. On down the hill -General Gracie took his men right into a very heavy -fire, the artillery halting at the top of the hill, still -firing away into the darkness beyond, throwing shot -and shell into the woods in front, where the enemy -is supposed to be.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was a grand spectacle that dark morning—the -firing of the battery by sections as it advanced; -the roar of the guns; the flames of fire bursting -forth in the darkness. Though rather awe-inspiring -at the time, it was grand, nevertheless. I shall never -forget the scene.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Terry's Brigade followed on and halted at the -top of the hill, some 150 yards in rear of Gracie's, -which was now hotly engaged at the foot of the hill, -many of the Yankee bullets flying over the hill, killing -and wounding several, as the men knelt or sat -on the ground.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember while here, one of Company H, the -next company to Company C, was shot through the -body, and how tenderly an Irish comrade, who was -sitting by his side, took him in his arms and said, -"Poor —— (I forget the name) is killed; poor -fellow," and, "his poor wife and children." It was -truly a pathetic scene in the midst of a battle. I -shall never forget the tender, sympathetic tone of -that Irishman's voice.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Until reaching this position we were not exposed -to the fire of the enemy, but now the bullets were -whizzing by pretty thick. The enemy seemed to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_199'>199</span>have no artillery on this part of the line. By this -time day was breaking, but it was still very foggy -and dark.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>GENERAL GRACIE'S COURAGE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Through the mist could be seen stragglers and -wounded men from Gracie's Brigade coming back -from the front, some of them loading and firing as -they fell back; soon larger squads of them came -breaking to the rear, and up the hill came General -Gracie on his horse, cursing and swearing like a -sailor, apparently oblivious of the danger from the -balls that were flying through the air, calling his -men "d——d cowards," and using much strong -language. General Gracie was a stout man with -iron-gray hair and mustache, and was blowing like -a porpoise while riding among his men trying to -rally them. One of his men, a tall, light-haired, -good-looking young man, seemed to resent his harsh -words, saying, "General Gracie, we stayed there as -long as we could." "Yes," replied the General, -"you ran away, too, like d——d cowards"; or, to -be a little more accurate, though not quite exact in -quoting the General's words, "Like d—ned cowardly -sons of —" (female canines).</p> - -<p class='c000'>General Gracie rode up to General Terry and -said, "General Terry, send me a regiment down -there to take the place of one of mine that has run -away." Just then one of Company C came up to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_200'>200</span>me and said, "It is no use for us to go there; don't -you see they have driven back them men?" I -replied, "Then this is the very time we are needed."</p> - -<p class='c000'>General Terry called on the Eleventh and Twenty-fourth -regiments to go forward, and down the hill -the two regiments went at double-quick, with a wild -yell that sounded above the roar of battle.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Twenty-fourth was just on the right of the -Eleventh, with Col. R. F. Maury, sword in hand, -in front, walking backwards, calling on and beckoning -to his men to come on. I noticed Ned Gillam, -a sergeant in Company C, dash to the front as the -line started, look back, open wide his mouth, raise -the "Rebel yell" and press forward, as if breasting -against a heavy storm of wind and rain. (Men in -battle did do this; why, I do not know. The body -would be leaning forward, the face averted as if -the going forward required great physical exertion.)</p> - -<p class='c000'>Addison says, "Courage that grows from constitution -often forsakes a man when he has occasion for -it; courage which arises from a sense of duty acts -in a uniform manner." I opine the courage displayed -by General Gracie that morning was of both -kinds. It did not fail him then or thereafter; while -Ned Gillam's was more from a sense of duty. But -I must stop philosophizing in the midst of a battle, -and go on with the fight.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>INTO A HOT FIRE AT CLOSE RANGE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>On reaching the foot of the hill, the Eleventh -and Twenty-fourth halted in the edge of the woods, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_201'>201</span>where the enemy's fire was very heavy and destructive -at very close range. The minie balls were flying -thick, the "sip, sip, sip" sound they made indicating -unmistakably that the Yankees were close by, though -hidden by the fog, smoke and bushes, and our men, -standing or kneeling, returning the fire with a will. -Here these regiments suffered a heavy loss in a very -short space of time.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>COL. RICHARD F. MAURY</h3> - -<p class='c008'>I remember passing Colonel Maury just at the -edge of the woods, lying on his back looking ghastly -pale. I said to him, "Colonel, are you badly -wounded?" He replied calmly, "Yes, very badly." -He recovered from the wound, however, and still -lives in Richmond. Colonel Maury is a son of the -late Commodore Matthew F. Maury, "the pathfinder -of the seas." (Since this was first written the gallant -Colonel Maury has answered the last roll call; peace -to his ashes.) Colonel Maury was a strict disciplinarian -and not very popular in camp, but in a fight -his men stood by him, and died by him.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I also remember while kneeling here in the woods, -in this terrific fire, when the twigs around me on -every side were being cut by bullets, and men shot -down on every hand, I felt a sense of safety and -security; it seemed there was a small space or zone -just around my person into which no balls came. I -have often thought and spoken of this, but never -<span class='pageno' id='Page_202'>202</span>could account for the impression clearly and distinctly -made upon my mind in the midst of imminent -danger. It may be, at that early hour of morning, a -loved one at home—wife or mother—at her morning -devotions, was at that very moment sending up -an earnest petition to the God of Heaven and -earth, the Maker and Ruler of all things, for my -protection, and that though the petitioner was far -away, the prayer reached the throne of grace and -mercy, and the answer came down there to me in -the midst of that scene of carnage, "Safe"! Who -knows? Maybe in the sweet bye-and-bye I may -know more of this. So mote it be.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While here G. A. Creasy, a young soldier of -Company C, who was at my side, spoke out, saying, -"Captain, I am wounded, what must I do?" Looking -at him, I saw the blood running from a wound -in the face. I replied, "Go to the rear," and he went. -Gus still lives in Pittsylvania County.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>YANKEE BRIGADE CAPTURED</h3> - -<p class='c008'>It was not long before the word came along the -lines from the left, "Cease firing." The other regiments -of the brigade, and part of Gracie's, on the -left, had advanced, overlapping the enemy's lines on -his right flank, and swinging around, came in on -the enemy's flank and rear.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They had surrendered; a whole brigade—General -Heckman, their commander, and all.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_203'>203</span>The Eleventh and Twenty-fourth at once went -forward and came upon the Yankee breastworks, not -over twenty steps in front. There the Yankees stood -with their guns in their hands, very much frightened -and bewildered, apparently, and looking greatly -astonished as if something had happened, but not -knowing exactly what; they found out very soon, -though, when, after surrendering their guns, they -were marched to the boat-landing at Drury's Bluff -(escorted by the Seventh Virginia Regiment) and -sent up the river by the boat to Richmond, and into -Libby Prison. My brother Bob said that as he approached -the Yankee breastworks, an officer fired his -pistol into his face, but his aim was bad. Color-Bearer -Hickok also went forward among the foremost, -and was told by the Yankees not to come into -the works, presenting their guns. Hickcock brought -down his flag-staff at a rest, and went ahead, heedless -of their protestations. I saw Major Hambrick, -of the Twenty-fourth Regiment, after the battle was -over, who was also wounded, shot through the -thigh, who said, when asked about his wound, -"D—n 'em, I will live to fight them again." Poor -fellow, he died in Richmond soon afterwards from -his wound.</p> - -<p class='c000'>By this time the battle was raging along the lines -for a mile or more. The plan of battle was to first -strike the Yankees on their right flank and follow -it by successive attacks on their line from right to -left, all of which was successfully and handsomely -done before the sun was well up.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_204'>204</span> - <h3 class='c007'>GENERAL WHITING'S FAILURE</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>A further plan of the battle was, that General -Whiting, who, as before said, had been left in command -of the troops at Petersburg, was to attack the -Yankees in the rear at the same time they were -assailed in front. This, however, was a miserable -failure. It was said at the time that Whiting was -drunk; how true this was I never knew, he only -marched out of Petersburg and then marched back -again. If the attack in the rear had been made -simultaneously with the one in front, there is no -doubt but that Butler's army would have been -completely crushed, as if caught between the upper -and nether millstones, and captured almost to the -last man, when there would have probably been -a first-class hanging. Butler had been outlawed; -that is, proclamation had been issued by the Confederate -authorities to hang Butler on the spot, if -captured, for his beastly conduct towards the -people, especially the women, of New Orleans, while -in command of that city. Butler had threatened to -turn his soldiers loose upon the women.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Col. Geo. C. Cabell used to tell, that when in -Congress he had a talk with Butler about this battle, -and upon Butler's asking him what would have been -his fate if he, Butler, had been captured, Colonel -Cabell said he replied, "I do not know as to the -others, but if my regiment had made the capture, -you would have been strung up at once." A Richmond -<span class='pageno' id='Page_205'>205</span>paper described this battle as a contest -between a great eagle and a buzzard. Of course, -the Beast was the buzzard, and Beauregard the -eagle.</p> - -<p class='c000'>By the time the sun was an hour high the Yankee -army was in full retreat for its base, Bermuda -Hundred, the Confederates following on, though -the pursuit was not a very vigorous one. All who -knew of the plan of battle were anxiously awaiting -the sound of Whiting's guns in the rear of the -Yankee army, but alas! those guns were silent, and -Beast Butler and his badly beaten army made good -their escape.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Some of the prisoners captured that morning -said they were taken completely by surprise; that -orders had been issued to attack the Confederates at -sunrise. So Beauregard stole a march on them by -attacking at daybreak. The early bird caught some -of the worms that morning, if not all, as was -planned.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Beauregard followed on to the top of the river -hills overlooking Bermuda Hundred, where the -Yankees were well fortified, with gunboats in the -river to assist in the defense of the strong position. -Here there was some artillery firing, but no attempt -to assault the position was made. Butler was -"bottled up." In this fight, Company C lost seven -men killed and mortally wounded, as follows: Chas. -Allen, John DePriest, Allen Bailey, John Monroe, -Bruce Woody, Alfred Rosser, and Geo. W. Walker, -and many wounded.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_206'>206</span>In a few days the bulk of the Confederate army -went to join General Lee in his death struggle with -Grant and Meade, which had been going on since -the early days of May in the Wilderness and around -Spottsylvania Court House.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>YANKEE FLAGS</h3> - -<p class='c008'>On the 20th of May, Terry's Brigade marched -through Richmond, each regiment proudly carrying -a Yankee flag, captured on the 16th of May. The -brigade marched into the Capitol Square, where -there was assembled a great crowd of Congressmen, -high Confederate dignitaries, and others. The troops -were massed in columns of regiments, and there, beneath -the grand equestrian statue of Washington, -these flags were delivered to the War Department -officials. I have no doubt that if Washington was -there in spirit, he looked on approvingly.</p> - -<p class='c000'>That afternoon part of the brigade went by train -to Hanover Junction, where troops were assembling -from different quarters to reënforce General Lee, -who had been fighting and holding his own for -nearly three weeks against tremendous odds. But his -ranks had been greatly depleted, while Grant's army -was being reënforced almost daily. Gen. John C. -Breckenridge was here with his troops also. It was -said Breckenridge was the handsomest man in the -army; some of Company C saw him here and -declared he was the finest-looking man they ever -<span class='pageno' id='Page_207'>207</span>saw. I could have seen him by walking a hundred -or two yards, but did not do so, being very tired -and worn out generally, and sad on account of the -loss of seven good men a few days before.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_208'>208</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XVI' class='c004'>CHAPTER XVI<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>To Milford and to Capture—A Prisoner of<br /> War—On to Washington</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>The same afternoon we arrived at Hanover -Junction, the First Virginia Regiment and five -companies of the Eleventh, A, B, C, E and K, under -the command of Major Norten, of the First Regiment, -boarded the cars and went to Milford Station -in Caroline County, on the Richmond, Fredericksburg -& Potomac Railroad, arriving there about -night, and going into camp across the Mattapony -River, just west of the station. The Mattapony -here is quite a small stream, spanned by a wooden -bridge. The First Regiment at that time was very -small, numbering perhaps not over 100 to 150 men. -The five companies of the Eleventh Regiment numbered -about eighty-five or ninety men—Plymouth -and Drury's Bluff had depleted their ranks. Pickets -were posted on the roads, and there were some cavalry -videts still farther out. The rest of the command -bivouacked in the woods a short distance from -the bridge.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Early the next morning, the 21st of May, 1864, -the cavalry videts came in and reported the Yankees -were making a raid on the station with the intention -<span class='pageno' id='Page_209'>209</span>of burning it. Major Norten declared they -should not do this, and made his dispositions to -prevent it, posting the men of the First Regiment -to repel the attack on the station, while the companies -of the Eleventh were held in reserve.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was not long before the supposed raiders made -their appearance. At first they were few in number -and shot at long range, firing on the First Regiment -at the bridge from a grove on a hill some 600 yards -away, with long-range guns, dropping a few balls -about them, while too far away for them to return -the fire with their muskets. Major Norten ordered -up the reserves, directing them to "Take that hill -and hold it at all hazards"—a very positive and -unwise order, I thought.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The five companies of the Eleventh Regiment -crossed over the bridge, formed in line of battle, -and moved forward at double-quick across the broad -river bottom, crossing over the railroad track right -up to this hill, taking possession of it without firing -a single gun, the few Yankees who occupied it -retreating before the line was in shooting distance.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As soon as the hill was occupied, no Yankees -being in sight, I walked up on the northeast side of -the grove of trees and saw half a mile away, thousands -of Yankee cavalry; the hills were blue with -them. It turned out to be General Torbet's Division, -the advance division of Grant's army, instead of -a raid to burn Milford Station. I went back and -told Capt. Bob Mitchell, of Company A, who was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_210'>210</span>the ranking officer, that we could not hold that hill—that -there were ten thousand Yankees over on the -next hill. Mitchell replied, "We have orders to hold -the hill at all hazards." I said, "All right, we will all -be captured." I have often thought Captain Mitchell -should have sent a messenger to inform Major -Norten of the situation, but he did not. The -Yankee skirmishers, dismounted cavalry, soon began -to advance on two sides of the hill, when a long-range -skirmish began, which continued for some -time, growing hotter as the Yankees approached -nearer and nearer, protecting themselves behind -trees and whatever they could. They were held at -bay for an hour or more. During this time the Confederates -had several men wounded. The Yankees -were being hit also. Captain Mitchell was shot in -the chin and left the hill. Lieutenant Atkins, of -Company K, was also wounded. I saw him clap his -hand on his side as the ball struck him. I never -learned his fate, and I am not certain that I have his -name correct, but know he was a lieutenant of -Company K. Capt. Thomas B. Horton, of Company -B, was next in command. Going again to the -crest of the hill, on the northeast side, I saw a regiment -of dismounted Yankee cavalry forming in line -of battle a few hundred yards away; a colonel or -general with gray hair and mustache was riding -along the rear of the men getting them into position, -the men seeming very awkward and hard to get -straightened out. I called up one of Company C, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_211'>211</span>either Tom Rosser or Sam Franklin, both good -fighters, and told him to raise the sight of his -Enfield rifle to 400 yards and shoot that officer. The -order was obeyed promptly; I did not see the result -of the shot however. Just as he fired, one of Company -B, who was lying on the ground on the crest -of the hill firing at the enemy, in a few feet of -where I was standing, attracted my attention by -calling out at the top of his voice, "Run here, -ambulance corps; run here, ambulance corps." Seeing -he had only a scalp wound on the side of the -head, and thinking a man who could call out so -lustily for the ambulance corps to come to his aid, -although his head was bleeding profusely, could aid -himself by getting up and running, I told him so, -whereupon he jumped up and ran like a deer off the -hill. I suppose he got away safely.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The men of the companies were scattered around -on the hill, among the trees, embracing about an -acre in area, without any regard to lines, fighting on -the Indian style, some protecting themselves behind -trees, some lying down, while most of them stood -out in the open, watching for and shooting at every -Yankee who showed himself within range. The -Yankees, too, were under cover as much as possible -with longer range guns than ours, slipping around -behind trees, bushes and fences, and at every opportunity -popping away at the Confederates, all the -while getting a little closer and extending their -lines around the hill. They were not very good -shots, however.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_212'>212</span>Captain Horton and myself consulted, or held a -small council of war, upon the situation. It was -beyond question that if we remained on the hill, all -would be killed or made prisoners in a short time. -Some, or all of us, might escape by beating a hasty -retreat. We agreed to try the latter, orders or no -orders. Turning to the men who were by this time -pretty close together about the center of the hill, -with the Yankees still closing in, we told them we -would all make a break and attempt to escape. -Many of the men so earnestly demurred to this, -saying, "We will all be killed as we run across the -bottom," that Captain Horton and myself concluded -not to make the attempt. I said to the men, "We -will stay with you then." Near the top of the hill -there was a ditch leading from what appeared to be -an old icehouse, and in this ditch we made the last -stand and fought the Yankees until they were close -up. I remember Marion Seay, of Company E, who -still lives in Lynchburg, was at the upper end -of the ditch, shooting at a Yankee not thirty steps -away, and then calling out and pointing his finger, -saying, "D—n you, I fixed you," repeating it several -times. Seay was then a little tow-headed boy, but -he was game to the backbone.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pretty soon our men ceased firing, as all knew -that the inevitable had come. The Yankees then -rushed up to the ditch, and all the Confederates -dropped their guns—the seventy-five men left were -prisoners of war.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_213'>213</span>I think we were justifiable in surrendering. If we -had fought until the last man fell, nothing would -have been accomplished for the good of the cause. -There was no possibility of rescue, so it was die in -that ditch in a few minutes or surrender; we chose -not to die then and there. It was not a forlorn -hope we were leading or defending, which demanded -such a sacrifice of life.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As the Yankees came up, one of their men was -shot through the head, and fell dead into the ditch; -killed, I think, by one of his own men who was some -distance off, firing, as he thought, at the Rebels. -Some of the Confederates were bespattered with the -brains of the dead Yankee.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At Plymouth, N. C., thirty-one days before, and -again just five days before, at Drury's Bluff, we had -been at the capture of brigades of Yankees, and exulted -in the captures—now the tables are turned and -we are prisoners, and the Yankees are exulting at -our capture. Such are the fortunes of war.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I can testify that the sensations of the captors -are very different from those of the captives, but -shall not attempt to set forth the contrast; words are -inadequate.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankees said they had thirty-five or forty -men killed and wounded in the fight; so that for -every "Rebel" captured that day, they had half a -man killed or crippled—not a bad showing for the -"Rebs," if they did surrender, when outnumbered -by more than one hundred to one. I don't remember -<span class='pageno' id='Page_214'>214</span>that we had any killed on the field; nearly all -the wounded got away.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Capt. Thos. B. Horton, Company B; Lieut. Peter -Akers, Company A, and Lieuts. J. W. Wray and -Geo. P. Norvell, of Company E., were captured. -I have no means of getting the names of the men -of the other companies captured.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Beside myself, the following men of Company C -were captured: W. L. Brown, G. T. Brown, J. A. -Brown, H. M. Callaham, H. Eads, J. T. Jones, -J. W. Jones, W. S. Kabler, Fred Kabler, W. T. -Monroe, R. W. Morgan, S. P. Tweedy, E. A -Tweedy, W. A. Rice, W. C. J. Wilkerson—seventeen -in all. W. L. Brown and S. P. Tweedy were -wounded; the former slightly, the latter a bad flesh -wound in the thigh. Some of the company were -on picket duty and escaped capture, and some who -were wounded got away, others were at home, or -in hospitals, sick or wounded.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Not long ago, in looking over some old papers -and letters, I found a letter written by Lieut. Robert -Cocke to my wife, telling her about the fight and -capture; it is dated the 22d of May. Among other -things he says: "I was sent out the night before to -guard a road that the Yankees were expected to -come, but <em>fortunately for the Yankees</em>, they did not -come that way; if it had not been for that, I would -have been taken or killed myself, I expect."</p> - -<p class='c000'>Our negro boy, Horace, just as we were ordered -forward to charge the hill, came up to me and said, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_215'>215</span>"Where must I go?" I replied, "Stay with the -surgeon." There were no wagons with us, with -which he usually stayed. Horace, after we were -captured, made his way home, taking with him what -little baggage I had left in his care.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Thus ended my experience as a Confederate -soldier in the field. I had been in active service for -three years and more.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>A PRISONER OF WAR</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Now another experience was to be tried, of which -I will tell in the closing pages of these reminiscences; -long, bitter, and trying, too, that experience was.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The truth shall be told, setting down nothing in -malice, giving credit where credit is due, with condemnation -and reproach when deserved.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While these seventy-five men were sacrificed by -what was another "fool order," in the light of subsequent -events an advantage was gained.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These companies were sent out to that hill simply -to protect the dépôt at Milford from the torch of -supposed Yankee raiders, when in truth and in -fact, Grant's whole army was approaching, and in -a few hours were upon the scene, marching by the -dépôt in which the prisoners were confined.</p> - -<p class='c000'>General Grant was then on his famous flank -movement from Spottsylvania Court House, while -General Lee was moving on parallel lines in the -direction of Hanover Junction, all the while keeping -<span class='pageno' id='Page_216'>216</span>his army between the enemy and Richmond, the goal -that the enemy had been endeavoring to reach ever -since the beginning of the war, in the spring of -1861; yet in May, 1864, the goal was far from -being attained, although hundreds of thousands of -lives had been sacrificed, and billions of dollars expended -in the effort.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When it was known that the men captured at -Milford on the 21st of May were from the army -which, on the 16th of May, under Beauregard, had -soundly thrashed Beast Butler at Drury's Bluff, -and then "bottled him up at Bermuda Hundred on -James River," as General Grant expressed it, and -had come on to join forces with General Lee, -General Grant halted his army that morning, and -made dispositions to repel an attack, threw up -breastworks, and remained near Milford for two -days, giving General Lee ample time to concentrate -his forces near Hanover Junction and select a strong -position on the south bank of North Anna River. -Grant, I have since learned, mentioned these men -captured at Milford from Beauregard's army in a -dispatch to Washington, and called for more troops. -So that when General Grant finally moved forward -he was confronted by Lee with his whole army, -in a strong and commanding position, that Grant -dared not assail; instead, he again side-stepped, -flanking off towards Cold Harbor, where Lee's army -was again in his front, and where the Confederates -inflicted a loss of 12,000 men in a few hours, in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_217'>217</span>repelling assaults on their hastily formed breastworks. -This battle was fought on the ground on -which the battle of Gaines' Mill occurred on the 27th -of June, 1862, only the position of the two armies -being reversed.</p> - -<p class='c000'>From Cold Harbor Grant made a long side-step, -not halting until he had crossed to the south side of -James River at City Point, where he could have -gone by water months before without the loss of a -single man. In the campaign from the Rappahannock -to the James, Grant had lost more men than -Lee had in his whole army.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Grant had boasted in the early days of the -campaign in the Wilderness that he would, "fight it -out on this line if it takes all summer." But he -changed his mind as well as his line. From Cold -Harbor, it was said, Grant sent this dispatch to -Washington: "All the fight is knocked out of this -army." This was after his order to renew the -assaults on the Confederate lines had been disobeyed; -the men standing still and mute when -ordered to renew the charge. Then it was that Grant -struck out across the Peninsula to the James.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederate prisoners were first marched -over on the hill where the main body of Torbet's -Cavalry was posted, surrounded by a strong guard, -the Yankee officers celebrating their victory, -10,000 against 85, by feasting on wine and cake. -Lieut. Peter Akers, of Company A, marched up -to a group of these officers, sitting on their horses, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_218'>218</span>saying: "Hello, fellows, ain't you going to treat?" -The Yanks laughed, handed around the wine and -cake to the "Rebel" officers, with whom they chatted -in a very friendly way. Like Bob Jones was with -the stolen hog, I took some of the cake, but none -of the wine.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pretty soon we were marched down to the dépôt -and confined there. It was not long until Grant's -Infantry began to march by, Hancock's corps leading, -in serried ranks of brigades, divisions, and -corps, marching on across the little Mattapony out -on the hills beyond, where lines of battle were -formed, and the digging of entrenchments begun, -and redoubts for cannon were thrown up.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The prisoners were marched out later, sleeping -that night in an old barn, where they were guarded -until the army moved forward, the prisoners being -taken along. That night one of the guards said to -me, "Old man, were you drafted?" I replied, "No, -I volunteered." The reason he called me "old man" -was, my hair was gray, though I was not then -twenty-seven years old. While in prison many -thought I was a political prisoner and not a soldier, -for the same reason.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I was forcibly struck with the difference in the -discipline in the two armies. In the Confederate -army the officers and privates often messed and -slept together, and were on equal terms, socially. -In the Yankee army there was a great gulf between -the officers and enlisted men, the officers rarely -<span class='pageno' id='Page_219'>219</span>ever speaking to the men except when giving orders.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Rations were short with the Yankees at this -time; the "Rebs" were, of course, very hungry, -having none at all; there were no rations at hand to -issue. Some of the Yanks, however, divided hard-tack -from their haversacks, and some fresh beef -was issued that night, which we <em>briled</em> on the coals -and ate without salt or bread. The next day the -commissary trains came up, when hard-tack was -issued; not very plentiful, however—five crackers to -the man.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the morning of the 23d the Yankee army -moved on, and that night camped on the high hills -on the north side of the North Anna River, opposite -General Lee's position.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The prisoners slept in a clump of bushes not far -from General Grant's headquarters. The next -morning, as the army moved out, the prisoners still -going along, Grant and his staff rode along the -lines, when we got a good look at him.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I never see a picture of Grant but that morning -is called to mind, when I recall and distinctly -remember Grant's face and figure.</p> - -<p class='c000'>His appearance was not striking or prepossessing; -he reminded me of my uncle, Mack Morgan.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Grant had nothing about his form, features or -bearing that compared with the handsome, noble, -and majestic appearance of Robert E. Lee.</p> - -<p class='c000'>General Lee far excelled Grant in personal appearance, -as he did in generalship.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_220'>220</span>Grant's final success over Lee was not accomplished -by his genius as a general, but by the recognition -and application of the well-known laws of -physics—that a larger body put in motion will overcome -the force of a smaller one; that a greater -mass of material thrown upon a smaller mass of the -same material will crush it. To use a homely expression, -Grant overcame Lee by "main strength -and awkwardness."</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was not the flashing blade of a strategist and -tactician that cut its way to victory, but the heavy -hammer of a Thor that crushed Lee and his valiant -band.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Suppose Lee had had an army of anything like -equal strength in numbers, equipments and supplies, -to Grant's, is there any one who would contend that -Lee would not have prevailed over Grant? Why, -Lee would not have left a "grease spot" of Grant -and his "grand army" in the Wilderness, and there -would have been no Appomattox.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the afternoon of the 23d, there was some -fighting at the front on the North Anna River.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Some of the Yankees crossed over above where -Lee had taken his position. Here other Confederate -prisoners were captured and added to our -squad; among them, I remember Colonel Brown, -of South Carolina, who was in the command of a -brigade of A. P. Hill's Corps. Colonel Brown said, -in advancing in line of battle, two of his regiments -got separated in the thick woods, and he walked -<span class='pageno' id='Page_221'>221</span>through the gap in the line, right into the Yankees. -On the afternoon of the 24th of May, or the next -morning, I am not certain which, the prisoners -were turned back and headed for Port Royal, on the -Rappahannock River, under a strong cavalry guard, -a part of the way riding in wagons going back for -supplies, but marched a greater part of the distance. -As we marched, to the rear could be heard the -thunder of Lee's guns on the North Anna, bidding -defiance to Grant, saying, if not in words, in effect, -"Thus far shall thou come and no farther." On -the march to the rear, we passed large numbers of -fresh troops going to reënforce Grant, many of -them negroes. These were the first negro troops -we had ever seen. One of them remarked as we -passed by, "They ought to have gin 'em (us) Fort -Pillow. If we had cotch 'em we would have gin -'em Fort Pillow."</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the last day's march I was taken very sick, -getting dizzy, and came near fainting, and dropped -down by the roadside. My brother Bob, was also -taken sick about the same time and stopped with -me. When the rearguard came up to where we -were, they commenced to shout at us, "Get up, go -on, go on." I told them we were sick and unable -to go. We did not know what would be done, but -we received humane treatment. The officer commanding -the rearguard put us in charge of a big -Dutch corporal and another man, with instructions -to bring us on when able to march.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_222'>222</span>After a short time we were able to go on to a -house close by, on the roadside, where we rested in -the yard under the shade of the locust trees, when -the good woman of the house gave us ice-water and -something to eat, peach preserves and cold biscuits, -as I remember, which greatly refreshed and -strengthened us. God bless the Confederate women, -who were always kind to the soldiers, who suffered -so much anxiety, and endured so many privations -during the war, who, with their daughters of to-day, -are still true to the memory of the dead and the -honor and welfare of the living.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><em>A Tribute to Confederate Womanhood</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-b'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Ye survivors of that gallant band,</div> - <div class='line in2'>A scanty remnant thinned by time;</div> - <div class='line'>Crown her, love, honor, cherish her,</div> - <div class='line in2'>And hail her queen of womankind.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Ye present generation, those unborn,</div> - <div class='line in2'>Both now and hereafter, through all time,</div> - <div class='line'>Crown her, love, honor, cherish her,</div> - <div class='line in2'>And hail her queen of womankind.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Ye of all nations, every tribe,</div> - <div class='line in2'>Of every age and every time,</div> - <div class='line'>Crown her, love, honor, cherish her,</div> - <div class='line in2'>And hail her queen of womankind.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>We remained here perhaps half an hour, when -the guards let us ride their horses, walking at the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_223'>223</span>horses' heads, holding the bridles by the bits. This -was very kind and duly appreciated. After going -a mile or so, the Dutch corporal, with the perspiration -streaming from his face (it was a very hot, -sultry morning), stopped and said, "I ish proke down -and can't valk no farder." I told him all right, we -could make it then, and thanking him for his kindness, -we marched on, the guard telling us to take our -time.</p> - -<p class='c000'>By this time we were feeling much better and -stronger, and that night, May 26th, after dark, came -up with the other prisoners at Port Royal. I am -able to fix this date from an old letter I found -some time ago, written to my wife from that place, -in which I gave the names of all the men of Company -C who were captured with me, and requested -her to have the names published in the Lynchburg -papers, that their friends might know their fate.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>ON TO WASHINGTON</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The next day the prisoners were put aboard an -old freight ship, which steamed down the Rappahannock -River, out into the bay, and up the Potomac -River to Washington City. Here the officers and -men were separated. My brother Bob was very -anxious to go with me, but, of course, this was not -permissible; and there on the wharf, on the 28th -of May, 1864, I parted with him and the other -members of Company C, not to meet any of them -again until that "cruel war was over," and many -<span class='pageno' id='Page_224'>224</span>of them never again. Some of the company not -captured were killed during the last year of the -war, and many have died since the war. Some still -live. Every now and then I read in the papers of -the death of some of them, which always recalls -memories of long ago. It will not be many years -before the last one of us shall have answered the -final roll call. May we all meet again in a better -world, where there is no war, is my fervent prayer. -War is horrible. General Sherman said, "War is -hell." Few, if any, did more than William -Tecumseh Sherman to make war hell, and if I had -to guess, I should say that ere now Sherman knows -all about the horrors of both—war and hell. There -may be something in a name after all. "Tecumseh!" -The savage.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The enlisted men were sent to Point Lookout, -and the officers incarcerated in the old Capitol -Prison.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I remember as we entered from the street, when -the door closed, the key turned and the bolt went -into its place with a grating sound, Captain Horton -turned to me and said, "This is the first time the -bolts were ever turned on me." So we all could -say. There were other prisoners confined here.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While here, we could often see from the windows -ambulances moving along the streets filled with -wounded Yankee soldiers. When Peter Akers -would see these loads of wounded Yanks, he would -remark, "There goes more dispatches from General -Lee to old Abe."</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_225'>225</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XVII' class='c004'>CHAPTER XVII<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>To Fort Delaware—Short Rations—Song—Prison<br /> Rules</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>These officers remained here for about two -weeks, when we were taken by boat down the -Potomac and Chesapeake Bay, passing out into the -ocean between Cape Charles and Cape Henry; thence -up the coast into Delaware Bay to Fort Delaware, -where we were placed in prison barracks with -several thousand other Confederate officers. While -at the Old Capitol Prison we were well treated, and -the rations were all we could wish. At Fort Delaware -it was very different. The rations were badly -cooked and scarcely sufficient in quantity to sustain -life, besides being very inferior in quality. There -were only two meals a day; breakfast at eight <span class='fss'>A. M.</span>, -and dinner at four <span class='fss'>P. M.</span></p> - -<p class='c000'>We got to Fort Delaware in the afternoon. I was -not feeling very well and did not go to dinner. We -had some rations brought from Washington. -Captain Horton went, and the first thing he said -when he came back was, "Take care of that meat, -it is as scarce as hen's teeth here." In truth it was -very, very scarce.</p> - -<p class='c000'>My brother, J. L. Morgan, who was living in -Brooklyn, N. Y., very kindly furnished me with -<span class='pageno' id='Page_226'>226</span>clothes, and supplied me with money with which to -supplement the poor and scanty prison fare, saving -me from much suffering, and I have but little doubt, -saved my life; for many who had to depend alone -on what they got in prison died from lack of -sufficient and proper food and clothing. My brother -also furnished money to Robt. Morgan and W. L. -Brown, who was his brother-in-law, and to other -Confederate prisoners.</p> - -<p class='c000'>For breakfast, we had a slice of light-bread, about -four ounces, and about one and one-half or two -ounces of bacon; for dinner the same bread and -about two or three ounces of loud-smelling pickled -beef—"red horse," as it was called—and a tin cup -of miserable stuff, called soup, so mean that I could -not swallow it. This was all, day in and day out, -week after week, and month after month. Men who -lived on these rations were always hungry. Even -those who had money did not fare much better, as -the prices at the sutlers' were so exorbitant that a -dollar did not go far. I shared the money sent me -with my bunk-mate, Capt. Thos. B. Horton.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Prison life was hard and very monotonous, -though many things were resorted to to while away -the tedious hours.</p> - -<p class='c000'>All kinds of games were played, "keno" being the -most popular, and much gambling went on. Concerts -were given, debating societies formed, and -many other things resorted to to kill time. My -brother sent me a set of chess-men. There were -<span class='pageno' id='Page_227'>227</span>other sets in the prison, and this game was played -a good deal. There were some fine players among -the officers; Capt. J. W. Fanning, of Alabama, -and Capt. H. C. Hoover, of Staunton, Va., being -the champion players.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I here give a song composed and sung by Confederate -prisoners at Fort Delaware, at a concert -given by the prisoners, for the benefit of the -destitute among the 600 Confederate officers, who -were put under fire on Morris Island, and afterwards -sent to Fort Pulaski and Hilton Head, and -confined there during the winter of 1864-65, and -who were sent back to Fort Delaware in March, -1865, in a pitiable plight:</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>"IN THE PRISON OF FORT DELAWARE</div> - <div class='c010'>(TO THE TUNE OF "LOUISIANA LOWLANDS")</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-b'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Come listen to my ditty, it will while away a minute,</div> - <div class='line'>And if I didn't think so, I never would begin it;</div> - <div class='line'>'Tis 'bout a life in prison, so forward bend your head,</div> - <div class='line'>And I'll tell you in a moment how dey treat the poor Confed.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'><span class='sc'>Chorus</span>:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"In the prison of Fort Delaware, Delaware, Delaware,</div> - <div class='line'>In the prison of Fort Delaware, Del.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_228'>228</span>"Dey put you in de barrack, de barrack in divisions,</div> - <div class='line'>Den dey 'lect a captain who bosses the provisions;</div> - <div class='line'>He keeps the money letters, keeps order in the room,</div> - <div class='line'>And hollers like the debbil if you upset the spittoon.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'><span class='sc'>Chorus</span>:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Wheneber dey take de oath, dey put dem near de ribber,</div> - <div class='line'>Dey work dem like de debbil, worse dan in de Libby;</div> - <div class='line'>Dey shake 'em in de blanket, thow stuff into der eyes,</div> - <div class='line'>And parole dem on de island, and call 'em "galvanized."</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'><span class='sc'>Chorus</span>:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Some officers do washing, many makes de fires,</div> - <div class='line'>So hot upon a sunny day, dat every one expires;</div> - <div class='line'>Some working gutta-percha, some walking in de yard,</div> - <div class='line'>Many make dey living by de turning ob de card.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'><span class='sc'>Chorus</span>:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Dar's tailors and shoemakers, some French and Latin teaching,</div> - <div class='line'>Some scratching ob de tiger, while some odders am a-preaching;</div> - <div class='line'>Some cooking up de rations, some swapping off dey clothes,</div> - <div class='line'>While a crowd of Hilton Headers are a-giving nigger shows.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'><span class='sc'>Chorus</span>:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_229'>229</span>"Dar's anoder lot ob fellers and cunning dogs dey are,</div> - <div class='line'>Dey get an empty barrel and den set up a bar,</div> - <div class='line'>Git some vinegar and 'lasses—fer whiskey am too dear—</div> - <div class='line'>And mix it wid potato skins and den dey call it beer.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'><span class='sc'>Chorus</span>:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"No matter what you're doin', one thing am very sartin,</div> - <div class='line'>Dat ebery one is ready from dis prison to be startin';</div> - <div class='line'>De very sad reflection makes eberybody grieve,</div> - <div class='line'>For not a single debbil knows when he's gwine to leave.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'><span class='sc'>Chorus</span>:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Now white folks here's a moral: There's nothin' true below,</div> - <div class='line'>This world am but a 'tater patch, de debbil has the hoe;</div> - <div class='line'>Ebery one sees trouble here, go you near and far,</div> - <div class='line'>But the most unlucky debbil am the prisoner of war."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>These lines give in a crude way, a pretty correct -account of the doings in the prison barracks.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I preserved a copy of Prison rules, which follows:</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_230'>230</span>PRISON RULES</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"<span class='sc'>Headquarters, Fort Delaware, Del.</span>,</div> - <div class='line in31'><em>July 8, 1864</em>.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>  I. Roll call at reveille and retreat.</p> - -<p class='c000'> II. Police call at 7 <span class='fss'>A. M.</span> and 4 <span class='fss'>P. M.</span></p> - -<p class='c000'>III. Breakfast at 8 <span class='fss'>A. M.</span> Dinner at 4 <span class='fss'>P. M.</span></p> - -<p class='c000'> IV. Sergeants in charge of prisoners will exact -from them strict compliance with the above calls, -which will be regularly enforced, and must promptly -report to the officer in charge the number present -and absent, sick, etc., and any who are guilty of insubordination -or any violation of the Rules of -Prison. They must also notify their men that if -they do not promptly obey any order given them -by a sentinel, officer or man in charge of them, they -will be shot.</p> - -<p class='c000'>  V. Sergeants in charge will be held responsible -for the due execution of these Rules, and for the -regular accounting for the full number of their men.</p> - -<p class='c000'>By command of—</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Brig.-Genl. A. Schoepf</span>.</div> - <div class='line in18'><span class='sc'>Geo. W. Ahl</span>,</div> - <div class='line in17'>Capt. & A. A. A. G."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_231'>231</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XVIII' class='c004'>CHAPTER XVIII<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Off for Charleston—Alleged Retaliation—On<br /> Shipboard—Run Aground—Short of<br /> Water—On Morris Island—In Stockade—Under<br /> Fire—Prison Rules</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>I remained at Fort Delaware until the 20th of -August, 1864. Some time previous to this, seventy-five -field officers confined at Fort Delaware were selected -for retaliation, as the Yankees called it, to be -put under fire of the Confederate guns, on Morris -Island in Charleston Harbor.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederates had hospitals in one section -of the city of Charleston, S. C., with yellow flags -flying over them. The Yankees, in shelling the city -from their batteries on Morris Island, were in the -habit of shelling these hospitals, and were notified -that some of their officers, who were held as -prisoners of war, would be placed in or near the -hospitals. The Yankees did not heed this, but -prepared to put Confederate prisoners under fire of -Confederate guns, when firing on Yankee batteries -on Morris Island.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Firing on hospitals, which were designated by -yellow flags, was begun by the Yankees on the 18th -of July, 1861, at Blackburn's Ford, and kept up -<span class='pageno' id='Page_232'>232</span>during the war, contrary to the usage of all civilized -nations the world over.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These seventy-five field officers were taken to -Charleston Harbor, but were not put under fire; instead, -they were exchanged for a like number of -Yankee officers.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When orders came to Fort Delaware, soon after -this exchange, for 600 field and company officers to -be put under fire, there was a general desire among -the prisoners to be one of the 600, but we had no -say-so as to who should go. On the 19th of August, -all the prisoners were called out and formed in line, -when 600 names were called, and those on the list -were notified to be ready to embark the next morning -for the trip. Some were so anxious to go that -they paid others, whose names had been called, for -the privilege of surreptitiously answering to their -names. One officer gave a fine gold watch, and -after remaining away seven months, and suffering -untold privations, was landed back at Fort Delaware.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>ON SHIPBOARD</h3> - -<p class='c008'>At the appointed hour on the 20th of August, -1864, the 600 officers embarked on board the -steamer <em>Crescent</em>, which steamed away down the -bay, out into the broad Atlantic, and down the coast -to Charleston Harbor, where they were landed on -the 7th day of September, having been eighteen -days aboard ship. Capt. Thos. B. Horton and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_233'>233</span>myself were among the number, also Lieut. Peter -B. Akers, of Lynchburg.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was a nasty trip on board this old freight ship, -in the summer-time. The prisoners were on the -lower or freight deck, nearly on the water line. -Two rows of temporary bunks had been built -around the sides of the ship, two tiers high. These -bunks were about six feet long and three feet wide, -with two men in each bunk; a pretty close fit, -especially if both occupants were good-sized men. -The bunks did not afford sufficient room for all the -prisoners, consequently a good many lay on the -floor of the deck between the bunks. Here the -prisoners laid and sweltered through eighteen days, -the boilers running up through the middle, making it -much hotter. I occupied a lower bunk on the inside -row with Captain Horton, who was my messmate -while a prisoner; a good fellow he was, too, and a -good soldier. There was a guard of 150 soldiers -on board, who occupied the upper deck. The -<em>Crescent</em> was escorted by a gunboat.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>RUN AGROUND</h3> - -<p class='c008'>Off the coast of South Carolina, before reaching -Charleston, one night the pilot, who was a Southern -sympathizer, attempted to run the ship under the -guns of a Confederate battery on the coast, changing -the course of the ship, and heading it for land, -but unfortunately ran aground near some low-lying -<span class='pageno' id='Page_234'>234</span>islands near the coast, not far from, but not in sight -of the mainland. When it was known at dawn of -day that the ship was aground, all hands were -aroused. Some of the prisoners who knew the -coast, said the pilot had missed the channel by only -a narrow margin, which led to the Confederate -batteries not far away, but not in sight. Nor was -the Yankee gunboat in sight; the pilot had given the -escort the slip in the darkness. It was plain to see -that the guards were very much excited and scared, -for they assembled on the top or hurricane-deck with -their guns in their hands. The crew of the -<em>Crescent</em> went to work to get the ship off the -sand-bar on which it was grounded. The prisoners -came on deck at will, the guards abandoning their -post at the hatchway, where they had been stationed -to keep all the prisoners below, except a certain -number, who were allowed to come on deck at intervals. -All hands were very anxious. Some of the -prisoners consulted and determined to make an -effort to capture the ship and guard. Col. Van -Manning, of Arkansas, was the leading spirit in the -movement. I had just come on deck and was standing -right by the colonel while he wrote a note to the -Yankee officer who commanded the guard. I think -I can give the note verbatim: "Sir—We hereby -demand the surrender of your guard and this ship. -If you comply, you and your men shall be treated as -prisoners of war; if you refuse, you will have to -take the consequences." The plan was to make a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_235'>235</span>rush on the guard and overpower them by making -the attack with such things as were at hand about -the deck, if they refused to surrender. Just as -Colonel Manning finished writing this note, some -one looked out to sea and there was the old gunboat -bearing down upon us, and all hope of the capture -of the ship and guard was dashed to the ground. -And how quick the demeanor of the guard changed; -before the gunboat appeared they were very much -frightened, and as before said, were gathered together -on the upper deck, taking no control of the -prisoners, who came on the deck at will, but now -they were insolent and dictatorial, ordering the -prisoners to assist the crew, and taking control -again. The crew pretty soon worked the ship off the -bar and we sailed on down the coast, accompanied -by the gunboat. I have often thought what a good -joke it would have been on the Yankees if we could -have captured the ship and guard and taken them -all into port on the coast.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The pilot was at once arrested and put in irons. -We learned afterwards he was court-martialed and -given a term at hard labor.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>SHORT OF WATER</h3> - -<p class='c008'>While on the <em>Crescent</em> the supply of water ran -short; then the only water the prisoners had was -sea water condensed in the ships, and issued -out scalding hot in limited quantities. We would -<span class='pageno' id='Page_236'>236</span>pour the hot water from one tin cup to another until -cool enough to swallow without burning the throat.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Think of it! Nothing but hot water to drink in -the month of August on shipboard on the southern -coast. The Yankees had ice on board, but the -prisoners got none of it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The <em>Crescent</em> steamed on down the coast, passing -Charleston Harbor—preparations to receive the -prisoners not being completed—to Port Royal -Sound, where we remained a few days on shipboard. -Here two or three prisoners escaped from the ship -in the night-time, by dropping in the water and -swimming ashore. Only one, however, made good -his escape.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While here we could see sharks swimming about -the ship. It took pretty good nerve to get in the -water and swim for the shore.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>IN THE STOCKADE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>When the stockade was ready, we went up to -Charleston Harbor, landing on Morris Island, as before -said, on the 7th of September, and marched -between two lines of negro soldiers (big black, slick -negro fellows they were) two miles up the island, -and into a stockade made of pine logs set on end in -the ground, about twenty feet high, enclosing an -acre of ground. In the stockade were small fly-tents -arranged in regular military order. Four men -occupied each tent.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_237'>237</span>The negro soldiers guarded us—the sentries, on -platforms on the outside of the stockade, about three -feet from the top. These sentries would fire upon -the slightest provocation, though I must say that -the negro soldiers treated the prisoners better than -the white officers who commanded them. For these -officers the prisoners had a perfect contempt. They -were a low-down, measly set. One Lieut.-Col. -William Gurney was in command, and the most -despisable in the lot was he.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While here the rations were scant and sorry. -For breakfast, we had three crackers, sometimes -two, and sometimes only one and a half, and a very -small piece of bacon, about two ounces; towards -the last, five crackers per day were issued. For -dinner, we had soup made of some kind of dried -peas, about one pint, very unpalatable—for supper, -a pint of very thin mush or rice. The mush was -made of stale cornmeal, full of worms. One -prisoner picked out and counted 125 small, black-headed -worms from a cup of this mush. I would -pick out worms a while, and then eat the stuff a -while, then pick out more worms until all were gone. -Some just devoured worms and all, saying they -could not afford to loose that much of their rations; -that if the worms could stand it, they could. The -detestable Yankee lieutenant-colonel would sometimes -come into the camp while we were devouring -the mush and worms and with a contemptible sneer -and Yankee nasal twang, say: "You fellows need -<span class='pageno' id='Page_238'>238</span>fresh meat to keep off scurvy, so I give it to you in -your mush."</p> - -<p class='c000'>One day all the prisoners were taken out of the -stockade, marched down to the wharf and put -aboard two old hulks or lighters and towed out in -the bay, where the hulks remained all night. The -next morning we were again landed and marched -back to the stockade. I never knew why this was -done, unless it was to search the tents for contraband -articles, or to see if there was any tunneling -going on from the tents, in order to effect escapes. -I think some efforts were made at tunneling out, but -without success.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While here we were not allowed to purchase anything -to eat from the sutler unless directed by the -surgeon when sick, consequently, every man was -hungry all the while, as a whole day's rations were -not sufficient for one meal. During the time a flag-of-truce -boat passed between the island and -Charleston, by which the good women of Charleston -sent the prisoners a good supply of pipes and -tobacco, and something good to eat, which was -highly appreciated.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>UNDER FIRE</h3> - -<p class='c008'>After the prisoners were placed here near the -Yankee batteries, so as to be exposed to the fire -of the Confederate guns, the Confederate batteries -did not fire a great deal. What shelling was done -<span class='pageno' id='Page_239'>239</span>was mostly at night. Some of the shells burst over -the stockade and the pieces would fall around, but -I don't remember that any of the prisoners were hit. -It was rather uncomfortable, though, to lie there and -watch the big shells sailing through the air, which -we could see at night by the fuse burning, and -sometimes burst above us, instead of bursting in or -above the Yankee forts 100 yards further on, and -then listen at the fragments humming through the -air and hear them strike the ground with a dull thud -among the tents. We would first hear a distant -boom, two miles away towards Charleston, and then -begin to look and listen for the shell which was sure -to follow that boom. Peter Akers used to say, "That -is trusting too much to the fuse to shoot two miles -and expect the shell to burst 100 hundred yards beyond -the stockade."</p> - -<p class='c000'>The prisoners were located about midway between -two Yankee forts, Gregg and Wagner. Through the -interstices between the pine logs forming the stockade, -we could see indistinctly Fort Sumter, which -looked like a pile of ruins. The outer walls of brick -had been battered to pieces by the Yankee batteries -on Morris Island and the breaks filled up with sand -bags. The city of Charleston was also visible, -though indistinctly. We were not permitted to go -near the stockade.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One day a Yankee monitor, which, with other -blockading ships, lay near the entrance of the harbor -or bay, moved up about opposite the stockade, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_240'>240</span>engaged in a fight with the Confederate batteries. -We could see the Confederate shots strike the water -and skip along towards the Monitor, which pretty -soon got enough of it, and moved out of range.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>PRISON RULES</h3> - -<p class='c008'>I also preserved a copy of the Prison Rules here, -which is as follows:</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"<span class='sc'>Headquarters, U. S. Forces,</span></div> - <div class='line in9'><span class='sc'>Morris Island, S. C.</span>,</div> - <div class='line in14'><em>September 7, 1864</em>.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>"The following Rules and Regulations are hereby -announced for the government of the camp of the -prisoners of war:</p> - -<p class='c000'>"The prisoners will be divided into eight detachments, -seventy-five in each, lettered A, B, C, etc., -each prisoner numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Each detachment -will be under the charge of a warden, who -will be detailed from the guard for that duty. -There will be three roll calls each day, the first at -one-half hour before sunrise, at which time the -prisoners will be counted by the wardens, and the -reports will be taken by the officer of the day at -the company streets before the ranks are broken. -Each warden will see that the quarters in his detachment -are properly policed, and will make the detail -necessary for that duty. Sick-call will be at 9 -o'clock <span class='fss'>A. M.</span> each day. Each warden will make a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_241'>241</span>morning report to the officer in charge on blanks -suitable for that purpose. There will be two barrel -sinks for each detachment, which will be placed on -the flanks of the companies during the day and in -the company streets at night. They will be emptied -after each roll call by a detail from each detachment. -No talking will be allowed after evening roll call, -and no prisoner will leave his tent after that time -except to obey the calls of nature. During the day -the prisoners will be allowed the limits of the camp -as marked by the rope running between the stockade -and the line of tents. Prisoners passing this line -under any pretense whatever will be shot by the -sentinels. No persons except the guard and officers -on duty at the camp will be allowed to communicate -with the prisoners without written permission -from these or superior headquarters. The -sentinels will always have their guns loaded and -capped. If more than ten prisoners are seen together, -except at meal-time and roll call, they will -be warned to disperse, and if they do not obey at -once, they will be fired upon by the sentries.</p> - -<p class='c000'>"If there is any disturbance whatever in the camp -or any attempt made by the prisoners to escape, the -camp will be opened upon with grape and canister, -musketry, and the Requa Batteries.</p> - -<p class='c000'>"If a prisoner is sick, he may be allowed to purchase -such luxuries as the surgeon in charge may -direct. The prisoners will be allowed to purchase -only the following named articles: Writing materials, -pipes, tobacco, and necessary clothing.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_242'>242</span>"Everything bought by or sent to them will be -inspected by the provost marshal. The prisoners -will be allowed to write letters, one a week, not more -than one-half sheet of paper to each letter. The -letters will be opened and pass through the hands -of the provost marshal before being mailed. No -candles or light of any kind will be allowed. The -hours for meals are as follows: Breakfast, 7 <span class='fss'>A. M.</span>; -dinner, 12 <span class='fss'>M.</span>; supper, 5 <span class='fss'>P. M.</span> The rations will be -cooked and served under the direction of the provost -marshal.</p> - -<p class='c000'>By order of—</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"<span class='sc'>Lieut.-Col. William Gurney</span>,</div> - <div class='line in5'>127th Regt. N. Y. Vol., Com. Post.</div> - <div class='line in16'>"<span class='sc'>R. H. L. Jevoett</span>,</div> - <div class='line'>Capt. 54 Mass. Vol., A. A. A. G."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Official: <span class='sc'>Geo. N. Little</span>,</div> - <div class='line in5'>1st. Lt. 127th R. N. Y. V.,</div> - <div class='line in10'>A. A. A. C."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_243'>243</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XIX' class='c004'>CHAPTER XIX<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>To Fort Pulaski—Rotten Cornmeal and<br /> Pickled Rations—A Plot Laid</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>On the 17th of October the prisoners were -notified to be ready to move at daylight next morning. -In one of the tents the next morning, in order -to see how to get ready, one of the prisoners struck -a light, when the negro guard fired into the tent, -wounding two of the occupants badly, one through -the knee and the other in the shoulder. On the -18th we were marched to the wharf and put aboard -two old hulks and towed out to sea. We had been -forty-two days in this stockade and were glad -enough to get away. But alas! we did not know -what was in store for us later on. Three days' -rations, so-called, had been issued—fifteen crackers -and about five or six ounces of bacon. After being -at sea three days and two nights, one hulk-load of -300 were landed at Fort Pulaski, on Tybee Island, -Ga., at the mouth of the Savannah River, and the -other 300 were landed at Hilton Head, a short distance -up the coast.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Fort Pulaski was built of brick, with very thick -walls, surrounded by a wide moat, was very damp, -and when the east winds blew, very cold and disagreeable, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_244'>244</span>there being no window-lights in the embrasures -to the casements in which the prisoners were -confined—only iron bars. Here the prisoners were -guarded by the 127th N. Y. Regiment, commanded -by Col. W. W. Brown, who treated the prisoners -kindly.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In this regiment there were a great many youths -in their teens. I remarked on this in a conversation -with a Yankee sergeant, who stated that these -boys were put into the army by their fathers for the -sake of the large bounties paid, which, in many cases, -amounted to $2,000 and over, and that these -fathers were using the money to buy homes and -lands for themselves.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Just like a Yankee—he would sell his own flesh -and blood for money!</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Confederate soldiers were patriots, fighting -for their country, while a large majority of the -Yankee army were hirelings, fighting for money. -Yet these hirelings are lauded as patriots by the -North and pensioned by the United States Government!</p> - -<p class='c000'>For a time the rations were better here than on -Morris Island. All the men and officers of this -regiment had seen service in the field and had a -fellow-feeling for a soldier, although he was a -"Rebel" prisoner. Whenever we were guarded by -Yankees who had never seen service in the field, -they were as mean as snakes. The guards at Fort -Delaware were of the latter kind—they shot several -<span class='pageno' id='Page_245'>245</span>prisoners without cause. One instance I remember -was that of Colonel —— Jones, of Virginia, who -was sick and very feeble, scarcely able to walk. He -had gone to the sink and had started back when a -guard ordered him to move faster, which he could -not do, and was shot through the body, dying the -next day. The miscreant boasted that, "This makes -two Rebels my gun has killed."</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>ROTTEN CORNMEAL AND PICKLED RATIONS</h3> - -<p class='c008'>While at Fort Pulaski, Gen. J. G. Foster, the -Yankee general commanding the department, and a -cruel, unfeeling wretch he must have been, issued -an order to put the prisoners on ten ounces of cornmeal -and half pint of onion pickles per day.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This cornmeal was shipped from the North, was -completely spoiled and utterly unfit for food, being -mouldy, in hard lumps, and full of worms, big and -little, some of them an inch long. The brands on -the barrels showed that this cornmeal was ground -at Brandywine in the year 1861. This was done, it -was said, in retaliation for the Confederates feeding -the Yankee prisoners on cornbread and sour -sorghum. We would have been very glad to have -gotten cornbread and sorghum, such as the Yankee -prisoners had. They did not even give us salt, -absolutely nothing but this ten ounces of rotten, -wormy cornmeal and pickles, and would not allow -those who had money to buy anything to eat from -<span class='pageno' id='Page_246'>246</span>the sutler's. Some say that Edward M. Stanton, -the Yankee Secretary of War, the arch-fiend of -South-haters, was responsible for this cruel treatment. -It savored of many of Stanton's acts during -and after the war. In consequence of this inhuman -order, there was a great deal of sickness and many -deaths among the prisoners. "Starved to death," -said the Yankee surgeon who attended the sick, -"medicine will do them no good." Scurvy, a loathsome -disease, prevailed to an alarming extent; the -gums would become black and putrid, the legs full -of sores, drawn and distorted. Many a poor fellow, -in attempting to make his way to the sinks, would -fall fainting to the ground. I remember, in one -day, assisting three of these unfortunates to rise -from the ground and back to their bunks. To -substantiate what I have here recorded as facts, I -give the following from the "War of the Rebellion, -Official Records of the Union and Confederate -Armies, Series II, Vol. VIII, page 163":</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"<span class='sc'>Headquarters, District of Savannah,</span></div> - <div class='line in24'><span class='sc'>Savannah, Ga.</span>,</div> - <div class='line in25'><em>February 1, 1865</em>.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Assistant Adjutant General,</div> - <div class='line in4'>Headquarters, Department of the South:</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>"My medical director yesterday inspected the condition -of the Rebel prisoners confined at Fort -Pulaski, and represents that they are in a condition -<span class='pageno' id='Page_247'>247</span>of great suffering and exhaustion for the want of -sufficient food and clothing; also that they have -the scurvy to a considerable extent. He recommends -as a necessary measure, that they be at once -put on full prison rations ("full prison rations," -God save the mark!), and also that they be allowed -to receive necessary articles of clothing from their -friends. I would respectfully endorse the surgeon's -recommendation and ask authority to take such -steps as may be necessary to relieve actual sickness -and suffering.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>(Signed) "<span class='sc'>C. Grover</span>,</div> - <div class='line in16'>Brevet Major-General,</div> - <div class='line in26'>Commanding."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<p class='c000'>Now, here it is from their own records, showing -how wantonly and cruelly the Yankees treated these -prisoners.</p> - -<p class='c000'>During these frightful days I made a ring out of -a gutta-percha button, which was traded to a Yankee -soldier, on the sly, for a good chunk of middling -meat, which was a Godsend. I escaped the scurvy, -but my messmate, Captain Horton, had it pretty -badly, although I shared the meat with him. The -prisoners killed and ate all the cats they could catch. -I ate a small piece of a cat myself, and would have -eaten more if I could have gotten it. One of the -Yankee officers had a fat little dog that followed -him into the casemates when making his tours of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_248'>248</span>inspection; the hungry prisoners longed to get this -dog, but he kept close to his master's heels, as if -cognizant of the fact that he was on dangerous -ground. With half a chance he would have been -caught, killed, skinned, and devoured in short order. -Some one may have nabbed this dog; I don't know.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These starvation days lasted about two months. -During this time a Yankee major, out of compassion -for the starving prisoners, went out with a boat and -net one day, caught and gave to the prisoners a -number of fresh fish, which were greatly enjoyed. -This kindness was duly appreciated. But those -higher in authority forbade its repetition, and we -got no more fish.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While at Fort Pulaski the "Lee Chess Club" got -out a paper, in pen and ink, foolscap size; I was one -of the scribes and preserved a copy. A few years -ago I sent this copy to the Confederate Museum at -Richmond, Va., where it is now preserved in a glass -case in the Virginia Room, in the White House of -the Confederacy.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>A PLOT LAID</h3> - -<p class='c008'>While here, six officers laid a plan to capture the -ship when we were removed from the place, it being -often rumored we were to be taken away. These -six officers each selected ten others to act with them. -No one else knew anything of the plot. I do not -remember the names of the leaders. Captain -<span class='pageno' id='Page_249'>249</span>Horton and myself were among the number selected.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About the 1st of March, rumors were rife that -we were to be moved, and the plot was perfected as -far as possible. The plan was to overpower the -guard when at sea, take charge of the ship and run -it to Nassau, or some other neutral port, in the -West Indies. While here, some of the prisoners -escaped from the hospital. Only one, however, -made good and got safely away. Those recaptured -were put in irons, cast into a foul dungeon, and -cruelly treated.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_250'>250</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XX' class='c004'>CHAPTER XX<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Back to Fort Delaware—Disappointment and<br /> Great Suffering—Three Deaths and<br /> Burials at Sea</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>About the 3d or 4th of March, I think it was, the -soldiers guarding us said an order had been received -from General Grant, "an autograph letter," they -said, to take us to Norfolk; thence up James River -to City Point, for exchange. This was joyful news, -indeed, and with eagerness and high hopes the -prisoners made preparations to leave that dismal -place. The next day we boarded a small steamer -and were off for Dixie, as all believed. We left -many a poor comrade buried in the sand on that -Tybee Island, victims of Yankee cruelty and hatred.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After taking on board the prisoners at Hilton -Head, the ship was so heavily loaded that the -captain refused to put to sea. All the prisoners -were then transferred to the steamship <em>Illinois</em>, a -larger and better boat, which sailed for Norfolk. -So certain were all that an exchange would be -effected, no effort was made to carry out the plan -to capture the ship. The guards on the ship paid -little or no attention to the prisoners; they virtually -had the freedom of the ship, could go on deck at -will, and could have taken possession without the -loss of a single man. There was no gunboat escort.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_251'>251</span>On this trip up the coast there was a great deal -of seasickness. There was no storm, but the ship -rolled considerably. I was sick myself, and as I -lay in a bunk down on the lower deck, looking out -a small porthole at the huge billows, feeling very -miserable, I made up my mind if anything happened -to the ship, to just lay still and go down with it without -making any effort to save myself. I remember -one poor fellow who was suffering terribly, groaning -and heaving as if trying to throw up his very -"gizzard," when some one called out, "Give that -man a piece of fat meat, it will help him." The sick -man cried out in his agony, "O Lord God, don't -talk about fat meat to me." Any one who has been -sea-sick knows what an aversion the nausea produces -to food, especially fat meat.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the night of the 7th of March we dropped -anchor at Norfolk, thinking of nothing but that the -next morning we would steam up the historic James -to City Point, and there be exchanged.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>DISAPPOINTMENT AND GREAT SUFFERING</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The next morning the ship weighed anchor, with -many of us on deck in high spirits. Soon after -getting under way, the ship was hailed by a gunboat, -lying in Hampton Roads, with "Where are you -bound?" The captain of the <em>Illinois</em> shouted back -through his trumpet, "Fort Delaware." Oh, horror -of horrors! our hearts sank within us; visions of -exchange, of home and friends, vanished in a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_252'>252</span>twinkling. Doomed to further incarceration in a -detestable Yankee prison, when we had expected in a -few short hours to be free and with friends! With -hope, aye, certainly of relief, dashed to the ground, -our feelings may be better imagined than expressed -in words. The doom of the damned, "Depart from -me ye cursed into everlasting fire," can not be much -worse. The Yankee guards on board the ship were -at once on the alert, and with harsh and insolent commands, -ordered and compelled, at point of bayonet, -all the prisoners to get off the deck, and would not -allow, after this, more than six or eight men on deck -at a time; sentinels with loaded guns and fixed -bayonets stood at the hatchways above us, and there -was no chance to take the ship. One scoundrel -threatened to shoot me as I stood at the foot of -the ladder, with my hand on it, awaiting my turn -to go on deck. He said to me in an insolent tone, -"Take your hand off that ladder." I did so, then -he said, "If you are an officer, why don't you dress -like an officer?" I replied, "It is none of your business -how I dress." Then he said, "Damn you, I will -shoot you," bringing down his cocked gun on me, -when I stepped back out of sight, thinking "discretion -the better part of valor." How much the -seventy men in the plot regretted not putting that -plot into execution can never be told.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>THREE DEATHS AND BURIALS AT SEA</h3> - -<p class='c008'>While on the way up the coast to Fort Delaware, -the suffering among the prisoners was greatly -<span class='pageno' id='Page_253'>253</span>intensified. The sick and disabled especially were -downcast, and in utter despair; a more miserable -set of men were perhaps never seen on board a ship. -The floor of the lower deck was covered with -vomit, which sloshed from side to side as the ship -rolled back and forth.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gloom and despair sat like a black pall on every -face. Before Fort Delaware was reached, three -officers died and were buried at sea. I witnessed -one of the burials. The body was sewed up in a -blanket with a cannon ball at the feet, then placed -on a plank, feet foremost, which was pushed out -over the side of the ship and the plank tilted up, -when all that was mortal of the poor fellow slid -off, and dropped into the sea, many feet below, to -rest in a watery grave until the final roll call at -the Judgment Day, "when the sea shall give up its -dead."</p> - -<p class='c000'>Seventy-five sick were taken from the ship to the -hospital, and many more were hardly able to walk, -but the hospital was full. We disembarked at Fort -Delaware on the 12th of March, 1865.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It was said the reason we were not exchanged, -was that upon the arrival of the prisoners at -Hampton Roads their condition was so horrible the -Yankees did not want the Confederate authorities -and the world to know their condition, hence they -were shipped back to Fort Delaware.</p> - -<p class='c000'>That the exchange was ordered by General Grant -I here present proof from the same volume of "War -<span class='pageno' id='Page_254'>254</span>Records," before quoted from, on page 417, where -will be found the following:</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"<span class='sc'>City Point, Va.</span>, <em>March 21, 1865</em>.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>"Brigadier-General Mulford, Commanding General: -I do not know what has been done with the officers -at Fort Pulaski; I sent orders to have them delivered -at Charleston. Before the order had been -received, Charleston had fallen into our possession. -I then sent orders to have them sent to the James -River. Before that order was received, General Gilmore -wrote to me that, having received my first -order, which had been directed to General Foster, he -had sent a flag to find the enemy to deliver the prisoners -to. I have heard nothing since.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>(Signed) "<span class='sc'>U. S. Grant</span>,</div> - <div class='line in12'>Lieutenant-General."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<p class='c000'>Proof of Grant's order to Foster for exchange at -Charleston is in the same volume, page 219, and is -dated 14th of February, 1865. "So near," we were -to exchange and relief from suffering, "and yet so -far."</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_255'>255</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XXI' class='c004'>CHAPTER XXI<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Yankee Infamy—Conduct of the War—Sherman's<br /> March—Virginia Dismembered</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>The Yankees were continually giving out to the -world exaggerated accounts of the conditions of -their soldiers in Confederate prisons, and are still -at it, all the while refusing to exchange prisoners, -except in a few instances.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Yankees during the war did many mean, -contemptible and uncivilized things, but I have -always thought about the most contemptible and -meanest thing they did was when, sometimes, there -was an exchange of sick and wounded prisoners, -they would strip to the skin their sick and wounded -men, the most emaciated, have their pictures taken -and sent broadcast over the country, to fire the -Northern people and prejudice the world against the -Confederates, when they knew the Confederate sick -from Northern prisons were equally emaciated; but -never a picture of these did they take and scatter -abroad. I have seen some of these pictures. They -are still harping on the horrors of Andersonville, -but never a word do they utter about the wilful, -malicious and cruel treatment of prisoners on Morris -Island, and in Fort Pulaski, and Hilton Head.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_256'>256</span>The Confederates fed the Yankee prisoners, as -best they could, the same rations issued to Confederate -soldiers—cut off as they were from the world, -a large part of their country overrun by a brutal -and merciless foe, who carried desolation and -destruction through the land, wherever their worse -than Hessian hoards went. There was much suffering -everywhere in the South.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Food was scarce in the South, women and -children suffered, and our own soldiers in the field -had scanty rations, very often nothing but bread -and not enough of that, while the Yankees, with -plenty of supplies, their ports open to the world, -less than half fed the Confederates in all their -prisons, through malice and revenge.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is a well-known fact, established by the records, -that while there were more Yankee prisoners in -Southern prisons than there were Confederates in -Northern prisons, many thousands more of Confederate -prisoners died in Northern prisons than -Yankees in Southern prisons. It is established by -the records of the war office at Washington that, -during the war, Yankee prisoners to the number of -270,000 were captured and that 220,000 Confederates -were captured. Of these prisoners 20,000 -Yankees died in Southern prisons (about eight per -cent.), while 26,000 Confederate prisoners died in -Northern prisons (about sixteen per cent. of those -captured). Most of the Confederate prisoners were -confined in prisons in cold lake regions, and at Point -<span class='pageno' id='Page_257'>257</span>Lookout, where they suffered untold miseries from -exposure in those bleak locations. Confined in open, -board barracks and tents with a very, very scant -supply of fuel, with only a few thin blankets, thin, -worn out clothing, and less than half fed, no -wonder many of them died, victims of Yankee -cruelty.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let it ever be remembered that all this suffering, -privation, and tens of thousands of deaths, were -caused by the Yankees during the last two years of -the war refusing to exchange prisoners, while the -Confederates were always willing and anxious to -exchange. General Grant said, when urged to agree -to exchanges to prevent suffering and death in -prison of his own men, "It is hard on our men confined -in Southern prisons, but it would be harder on -our soldiers in the field to consent to an exchange, -because, if the 30,00 Rebel prisoners were released, -they would go back to the army and fight, while our -men would return to their homes." The Confederate -authorities offered the Yankees the privilege of -sending food, medicine, and hospital supplies to -their prisoners in the South to be dispensed by -Yankee doctors, but the offer was coldly and cruelly -declined.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As proof of this, I refer to Col. Robt. Olds' letter -to General Grant, dated Richmond, Va., January -24, 1865, in "War of the Rebellion, Official Records -of the Union and Confederate Armies," Series II, -Vol. 2, pages 122-23, published by the United States -Government.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_258'>258</span>Not only this, but in truth no reply was made. -They made medicine contraband of war; that is, -they would not allow medicine to be shipped into the -South any more than they would powder and lead -or food or clothing—something no other nation of -modern times has ever done. These things here -recorded are historic, known and read by all men.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>CONDUCT OF THE WAR</h3> - -<p class='c008'>The conduct of the war on the part of the North -was cold-blooded and cruel in the highest degree. -The Northern soldiers burned and pillaged thousands -of homes, and ruthlessly destroyed millions -of dollars' worth of private property. The beautiful -and fertile Valley of Virginia, "the garden spot of -the world," was made a howling wilderness by -wanton destruction and devastation; every mill and -barn was burned, together with many dwellings; -every kind of food for man or beast was destroyed, -and the women and children left in a pitiable plight, -the vandal Sheridan sending a message to Grant -after the dastardly work was done, that "A crow -flying over the Valley would have to take his rations -with him." Gen. U. S. Grant had ordered this -destruction and devastation, and found in Sheridan -a willing tool to execute the infamous order.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The annals of history, ancient or modern, furnish -few if any atrocities equal to those perpetrated -by the Northern armies. The monster, Sherman, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_259'>259</span>in his march through Georgia and North Carolina, -burned and pillaged as no army ever did before, -leaving a burned and blackened swath behind him -forty to sixty miles wide. A few years ago, when -the world was horrified at the cruelty the United -States soldiers practiced on the Philippinos, including -the "water cure," which consisted of inserting a -rubber tube into the throat while the victim lay -bound on his back, and pouring water in the tube -and down the throat until the stomach was filled -and distended to its fullest capacity, then jumping -on the victim's stomach with the feet, forcing the -water out, repeating the operation time and time -again—when I read of this I remarked to some -one that I was not surprised: that the Yankees -were mean enough to do anything; that I knew -them of old.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>SHERMAN'S MARCH</h3> - -<p class='c008'>General Sherman, in his official report of his -operations in Georgia, says: "We consumed the corn -and fodder in the country thirty miles on either side -of a line from Atlanta to Savannah: also the sweet -potatoes, hogs, sheep, poultry, and carried off more -than 10,000 horses and mules. I estimate the -damage done to the State of Georgia at one hundred -million dollars, at least, twenty millions of which -inured to our benefit, and the remainder was simply -waste and destruction." Could anything be more -diabolical?</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_260'>260</span>From Gen. Bradley Johnston's "Life of Gen. -Jos. E. Johnston," I take the following extracts, -descriptive of Sherman's march: "A solid wall of -smoke by day forty miles wide, and from the -horizon to the zenith, gave notice to the women and -children of the fate that was moving on them. At -early dawn the black veil showed the march of the -burners. All day they watched it coming from the -northwest, like a storm-cloud of destruction. All -night it was lit up by forked tongues of flame, lighting -the lurid darkness. The next morning it reached -them. Terror borne on the air, fleet as the furies, -spread out ahead, and murder, arson, rapine, -enveloped them. Who can describe the agonies of -mothers for their daughters, for their babes, for -their fathers and young boys?</p> - -<p class='c000'>"This crime was organized and regulated with -intelligence and method. Every morning details -were sent out in advance and on the flanks. The -burners spread themselves over the whole country -for miles beyond either flank of the marching -columns, and they robbed everything.</p> - -<p class='c000'>"All valuables, gold, silver, jewels, watches, etc., -were brought in at night and a fair division made -of them among all parties. The captain was entitled -to so much, the colonel to his share, the general to -his portion.</p> - -<p class='c000'>"Let a few other things also speak. Major-General -Halleck, then, I believe, commander-in-chief, -under the President, of the armies of the Union, on -<span class='pageno' id='Page_261'>261</span>the 18th of December, 1864, dispatched as follows -to General Sherman, then in Savannah: 'Should you -capture Charleston, I hope that by some accident the -place may be destroyed, and if a little salt should -be sown upon its site, it may prevent the growth of -future crops of nullification and secession.'"</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the 26th of December, 1864, General Sherman -made the following answer: "I will bear in mind -your hint as to Charleston, and don't think that 'salt -will be necessary.' When I move, the Fifteenth -Corps will be on the right wing, and the position -will bring them naturally into Charleston first, and -if you have watched the history of that corps, you -will have remarked that they generally do their -work pretty well. The truth is, the whole army is -burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance -upon South Carolina."</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Northern people have immortalized these -dastardly deeds in the song, "Marching Through -Georgia," and still exultingly sing and play it, which -but perpetuates an infamy which should and does -cause every American, worthy of the name, to hang -his head in shame.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Here we have it from those high in authority -approving and urging on the demons in human -form who were perpetrating the most dastardly -atrocities, and gloating over it, too. Who can doubt -but that Hades burned hotter and his Satanic -Majesty rubbed his hands in glee, when Stanton, -Halleck, Sherman, <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">et id genus omne</span></i>, were hurled -headlong into the bottomless pit?</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_262'>262</span>How different was the conduct of General Lee -and his army when invading the enemy's country! -I give here General Lee's order when in Pennsylvania:</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"<span class='sc'>Headquarters Army Northern Virginia</span>,</div> - <div class='line in30'><em>June 27, 1863</em>,</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"Gen. Orders No. 73.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>"The Commanding General has observed with -marked satisfaction the conduct of the troops on the -march. There have, however, been instances of -forgetfulness on the part of some that they have in -keeping the yet unsullied reputation of this army, -and that the duties exacted of us by civilization and -Christianity are not less obligatory in the country -of the enemy than our own.</p> - -<p class='c000'>"The Commanding General considers that no -greater disgrace could befall the army, and through -it our whole people, than the perpetration of barbarous -outrages upon the unarmed and defenseless, -and the wanton destruction of private property that -have marked the course of the enemy in our own -country....</p> - -<p class='c000'>"It will be remembered that we make war only -upon armed men.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>(Signed) <span class='sc'>R. E. Lee</span>, General."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<p class='c000'>What a contrast! Robert E. Lee would have -thrust his right hand into the fire and burned it -<span class='pageno' id='Page_263'>263</span>off inch by inch before he would have written such -words as Halleck and Sherman wrote.</p> - -<p class='c000'>W. T. Sherman was utterly incapable of entertaining -or expressing such high and noble sentiments -as emanated from Lee in the above-quoted -order.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is true that Early burned Chambersburg, but -this was done in retaliation for wanton destruction -of private houses in Virginia by the Yankee General -Hunter, upon the refusal of the town to pay an -indemnity in money.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>VIRGINIA DISMEMBERED</h3> - -<p class='c008'>A most atrocious act of the Yankee Government -during the war, high-handed and inexcusable and -without any semblance of law, right or necessity, -was the dismemberment of the State of Virginia, -when the old Mother of States was despoiled of one-third -of her territory. West Virginia, cleft as it -was from the side of the old Mother State by the -sword, when in the throes of war, left that mother -bleeding, and robbed of her richest mineral territory. -Not that it would make the United States Government -any stronger or richer, but only to satiate the -hatred, revenge and malice of the Yankee nation. -Virginia! The proud Old Dominion, that in 1795 -voluntarily gave to the young Republic that vast -northwestern domain, 250,000 square miles in -extent, which her sons, during the Revolutionary -<span class='pageno' id='Page_264'>264</span>War, single-handed and alone, under the leadership -of the indomitable George Rogers Clark, wrested -from the British and their Indian allies, and which -now comprises the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, -Michigan, Wisconsin, and that part of Minnesota -east of the Mississippi River; yet her original -domains, as one of the thirteen States as fixed and -adjusted after Kentucky was formed, and the ceding -to the United States of this great western empire; -the oldest, foremost, and proudest of the States, on -whose shores the first English settlement on the -continent was made, whose ter-centennial in this -year of Grace, 1907, is being celebrated, and on -whose sacred soil the fires of liberty were kindled -and fanned into flame by the burning words, "Give -me liberty or give me death," which fell from the -lips of her own Patrick Henry; yet Virginia, the -proud old Mother of States and statesmen, her -borders extending from the sands on the ocean -shore on the east to the Ohio River on the west, -must be cut in twain, in hatred, in malice and in -revenge.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These facts, the treatment of prisoners, and -destruction of private property, are here recorded -that the truth of history may be vindicated, -and that the cold-blooded and cruel atrocities of -the enemies of the South may not be forgotten. -Multiplied instances of cruelty and vandalism might -be here written down, but the subject is distasteful.</p> - -<p class='c000'>All this cruelty and these wanton acts of devastation -<span class='pageno' id='Page_265'>265</span>and destruction were visited on the South and -her people, not because they were criminals and outlaws, -but to satiate Yankee hatred and revenge. -That the South acted within her rights in withdrawing -from the Union is now conceded by all -unbiased and fair-minded men who have intelligence -enough to investigate the rights of the states under -the original compact—the Bill of Rights, the constitutions -of several states, and the Constitution of -the United States.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Impartial history will accord the South honor, -genius, skill, bravery and endurance, under adverse -conditions, unexampled; victories many, against -great odds. Truthfully has it been said of the -Confederacy:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"No nation rose so white and fair,</div> - <div class='line'>Or fell so pure of crime"—</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>While to the North will be accorded success -through unlimited resources and vastly superior -numbers, together with dishonor and shame for -cruelty, revengefulness and wanton destruction of -private property, unequaled in modern history.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_266'>266</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XXII' class='c004'>CHAPTER XXII<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Lee's Surrender—Lincoln's Assassination—Out<br /> of Prison and at Home</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Prison life at Fort Delaware had not improved -any during the absence of the 600; the same bad, -scanty rations were still served, with no surcease of -the tedious, weary hours. When General Lee -surrendered at Appomattox on the 9th of April, -1865, the prisoners were very much depressed, and -almost the last hope of the establishment of the -independence of the South vanished. A meeting -of the Virginia officers was held to consult as to -what was best to be done. Gen. Jos. E. Johnston -was still in the field with an army in North -Carolina, and Gen. Kirby Smith, commanding the -Trans-Mississippi Department, was in Texas with a -few thousand men. Whether we would abandon -all hope and get out of prison as soon as possible -by taking the oath of allegiance to the United States -Government, which was offered, or await future -events, were the questions discussed. Several -speeches were made. Among the speakers I remember -Capt. Jas. Bumgardner, of Staunton; -Capt. H. Clay Dickerson, of Bedford, and Capt. -Don P. Halsey, of Lynchburg. Captain Halsey -<span class='pageno' id='Page_267'>267</span>closed his speech by submitting a motion: "That -the meeting take no action at present," which motion -I seconded, and it was carried unanimously. We -were not yet ready to surrender to what seemed to -be the inevitable. General Johnston was still standing -before the enemy with his tattered, battered, and -shattered battalions, and we considered our unqualified -allegiance was still due to the Confederacy -while he thus stood. The remaining days of April -were anxious and exciting ones.</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION</h3> - -<p class='c008'>When the news of the assassination of Lincoln, -which occurred on the night of the 14th of April, -1865, reached Fort Delaware the next morning, -there was great excitement among the Yankee -guards and prisoners also. The Yankee soldiers -looked mad and vindictive, and the guards were -doubled. Visions of retaliatory measures—banishment -to Dry Tortugas, or worse—rose up before the -Confederate officers. If retaliation was resorted -to, no one knew how many Southern lives it would -take to appease the wrath and vengeance of the -North. If lots were cast for the victims, no one -knew who would draw the black ballots. While all -were discussing these questions in all seriousness, -Peter Akers, the wit of the prison, broke the tension -with the remark, "It was hard on old Abe to -go through the war and then get bushwhacked in -a theater."</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_268'>268</span>The Yankees almost moved heaven and earth to -implicate the Confederate authorities in the assassination -of Lincoln, but failed most signally. No -doubt, they would have given worlds, if at their -command, if President Jeff Davis and other leaders -could have been connected with the plot and crime. -As is well known, Boothe, the assassin, was shot -dead in the attempt to capture him, and that a man -named Harold, who was with Boothe when killed: -Payne, who the same night attempted to assassinate -Secretary of State, Wm. H. Seward, and Mrs. -Surratt—were hung, the latter in all probability -innocent of any crime; there was no evidence to -connect her with the assassination or the plot. Some -of the assassins boarded at her house and her son -fled.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The assassination of Lincoln was the act of a -scatter-brained actor, John Wilkes Boothe, and did -the South no good, if, indeed, it was so intended. -Many people think that if Lincoln had lived the -South would have fared much better after the war. -I do not think so. Lincoln might have been disposed -to have dealt more justly with the South, but in my -opinion he would have been overruled by the -Sewards, the Stantons, the Mortons, the Garrisons, -and the Thad Stevenses, and many more of that ilk, -who lived and died inveterate haters and vilifiers -of the Southern people. Meanness is bred in the -bone of some people. If Lincoln ever did a kindly -or generous act in behalf of the South, I do not -recall it.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_269'>269</span>When Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrendered on -the 26th day of April, 1865, the last vestige of hope -against hope vanished. We felt like saying, "'Tis -the last libation that Liberty draws from the heart -that bleeds and breaks in her cause."</p> - -<h3 class='c007'>OUT OF PRISON AND AT HOME</h3> - -<p class='c008'>I remained at Fort Delaware until the 21st day -of May, 1865, when I was released by a special -order from Washington, which my brother had procured, -and who brought the order to Fort Delaware -and accompanied me to New York and to his home -in Brooklyn. So that I was a prisoner of war one -year to a day. I came out of prison in a much worse -condition, physically, than when captured. Three -years of active service in the field was as nothing -to my experience in prison, although I did not suffer -as much as thousands of poor fellows who received -no aid from friends. I was sick several times while -in prison, but had no serious illness, but was much -debilitated at the end.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We left Fort Delaware on the steamer <em>Mentor</em>, -going up Delaware River to Philadelphia, and thence -by train and boat to New York.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After remaining in New York about two weeks -recuperating, my brother and family and myself -left for Virginia and home, going by steamer to -Norfolk; thence up James River to Richmond, -where we found a large part of the city in ashes. -Gloomy and distressing was the scene. Here I met -<span class='pageno' id='Page_270'>270</span>General Kemper and other comrades. The next -day we took the train for Lynchburg—on the old -Richmond & Danville Railroad. At Burkeville we -found the road to Farmville destroyed. My brother -and family went by private conveyance to Farmville, -while I remained at Burkeville, sitting up all -night guarding the baggage, as the railroad system -was so out of joint and deranged that no care could -be taken of baggage by the officials. The next -morning I went by wagon to Farmville with the -baggage, when we again took the train to another -break in the road at James River below Lynchburg. -Here we got aboard an old-fashioned canal boat, -drawn by an old mule or two, which landed us at -Lynchburg. The next day we went to my father's, -twenty-one miles, in Campbell County, and joined -the loved ones there. The reunion was a happy one. -But what a change! Scores of thousands of dollars' -worth of property gone forever, and the future, with -reconstruction and attempted negro domination, -staring us in the face, the prospect was anything -but encouraging. But all was not lost; honor and -truth still lived, though might had triumphed over -right.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Thus ended my four years of service to the Confederacy, -which I served loyally and willingly, and -my only regret is that we all could not have -rendered our dear Southland more efficient service, -even to the full fruition of our fondest hopes in the -beginning.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_271'>271</span>I had three brothers in the army, all of us escaping -without the loss of life or limb. The youngest, -Taylor, was only in service a short time, being only -thirteen years of age when the war began. He was -in the cavalry service, as was my brother, Coon, -towards the end.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_272'>272</span> - <h2 id='CHAPTER_XXIII' class='c004'>CHAPTER XXIII<br /> <br /> <span class='sc'>Reconstruction and Since</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>As a fit climax to, and exhibitory of, Yankee -hatred, malice, revenge, and cruelty practiced during -the war, the North bound the prostrate South on the -rock of negro domination, while the vultures, -"carpet-baggers" and "scalawags," preyed upon its -vitals. Unlike Prometheus, however, the South did -not have its chains broken by a Hercules, but rose -in its own might and severed the fetters that bound -it, and drove away the birds of prey, and her people -are now free and independent, controlling their own -state affairs without let or hindrance; though many -at the North are still growling and snarling, -threatening reduction of representation in Congress, -howling about negro disfranchisement, and the -separation of the races in schools and public conveyances.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let it never be forgotten that in Virginia in 1868, -80,000 "carpet-baggers," "scalawags," and negroes -voted to disfranchise every Confederate soldier who -fought for home and native land, and every man in -the State, young or old, who would not swear that -he had never given aid or comfort to the soldiers -in the field, or sympathized with the Southern cause. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_273'>273</span>Armed Yankee soldiers were posted at every courthouse -in the land. Civil law gave place to arbitrary -military rule. The names of states were obliterated, -the states being designated as "Military Districts -Nos. 1, 2, 3," etc. Detectives were abroad in the -land. Everything that Yankee ingenuity and malignancy -could conceive of was done to humiliate the -Southern people. This service was very distasteful -to some of the Yankee officers and soldiers, but they -were urged on by the venom of a majority at the -North. Peaceful citizens were hauled up before -the military courts on complaints of worthless and -vicious negroes, whose word was taken before that -of the white man.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The "carpet-baggers" were unprincipled Northern -men who came South after the war—political -adventurers and freebooters—to steal and plunder -as office-holders. The "scalawags" were native white -men, many of them skulkers and deserters during -the war, who, like the "carpet-baggers," sought -political office—"apostates for the price of their -apostasy." They took sides against their kith and -kin, fawning on the Northern South-haters and traducers, -joining in with the despoilers of the South, -"that thrift might follow fawning."</p> - -<p class='c000'>And all these atrocities practiced by the North -in the name of "liberty and freedom," and, as it -was often expressed, that, "treason might be made -odious." "Oh, Liberty, what crimes are enacted in -thy name!" Treason, indeed! Lee and Jackson -<span class='pageno' id='Page_274'>274</span>"traitors"? Blistered be the tongue that utters -it. The brave men of the South who for four years -fought as never men fought before. "Traitors"? -Palsied be the hand that writes it. The charge of -treason against the South is as black as the hearts -that conceived it, and as false as the tongues that -uttered it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Henrich Heine, in speaking of England's banishment -of Napoleon and his death on the lonely island -of St. Helena, says, "Brittania! thou art queen of -the ocean, but all great Neptune's ocean can not -wash from thee the stain that the great Emperor -bequeathed thee on his deathbed."</p> - -<p class='c000'>Well might it be said of the Washington Government, -both during the war and afterwards, that not -all the waters of all the oceans can wash away the -stains of infamy practiced by it upon the South and -her people. The cruel torture of President Davis -at Fortress Monroe is a "damned spot that will not -out," along with thousands of other acts, some of -which I have enumerated.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A large majority of the Northern people were -bitter enemies of the South, vilifying and slandering -the Southern people, and sought to degrade and -oppress them in many ways, but not all of them -were so disposed, and many others are beginning -to see the heinousness and folly of Reconstruction.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A late Northern paper, the Brooklyn <cite>Eagle</cite>, says: -"Under Reconstruction the Republican party outlawed -character, dispensed with fairness, degraded -<span class='pageno' id='Page_275'>275</span>decency, elevated ignorance and invested in barbarism, -under all the forms of politics which covered -the fact of brigandage." A true and just arraignment -by a Northern man, it gives a true statement -of facts in a few words.</p> - -<p class='c000'>No wonder, then, the great mass of the people of -the South have stood together for their section, and -are political opponents of their traducers and -persecutors.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There are, however, many just and good men at -the North who were opposed to the invasion of -the South by the Northern armies and the waging -of that cruel war, who have, since the war, battled -for the rights of the South, and held in check, to -some extent, that puritanical element which, like the -Pharisee, ascribes to itself all the virtue and intelligence -of the land.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The original Puritans came to this country, as -they said, to escape persecution. I think the truth -is, they left their native country for that country's -good. I have often thought that if the <em>Mayflower</em> -had landed at the bottom of the ocean instead of on -Plymouth Rock, it would have been much better -for this country.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The New England Yankees are, in a large -measure, responsible for the events that brought on -the war, and for the atrocities committed in the -South during and since the war. I don't believe -the West and South would ever have gone to war -had it not been for this puritanical spirit of New -<span class='pageno' id='Page_276'>276</span>England. Envy is the ruling attribute of the -Puritan; magnanimity is foreign to the Puritan -nature. One thing formerly practiced by the New -Englanders, they utterly failed to establish in this -country. A good thing it was too for the old women, -or else many more of them might have been burned, -hanged or drowned as witches, as was done in New -England when the Puritan spirit prevailed in its -undiluted state.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The following is a copy of an old-time Massachusetts -legal document, reproduced here that early -history may be perpetuated:</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>EXECUTION FOR WITCHCRAFT</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c012'><em>"To George Corwin Gent'n, High Sheriffe of the -County of Essex Greeting:</em></p> - -<p class='c000'>"Whereas Bridgett Bishop al's Olliver, the -wife of Edward Bishop of Salem in the County of -Essex Lawyer at a speciall Court of Oyer and -Terminer held at Salem the second Day of this -instant month of June for the Countyes of Essex -Middlesex and Suffolk before William Stoughton -Esque. and his associates of the said Court was -Indicted and arraigned upon five several Indictments -for using practising and exerciseing on -the ... last past and divers other dayes and times -the felonies of Witchcraft in and upon the bodyes -of Abigail Williams, Ann Puttnam ... Mercy -Lewis, Mary Walcott and Elizabeth Hubbard of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_277'>277</span>Salem Village ... single women; whereby -their bodyes were hurt, offlicted, pined, consumed -and tormented contrary to the forme of the statute -in that case made and provided. To which -Indictm'ts the said Bridgett Bishop pleaded not -guilty and for Tryall thereof put herselfe upon God -and her Country whereupon she was found guilty -of the Felonyes and Witchcrafts whereof she stood -indicted and sentence of Death accordingly passed -ag't her as the Law directs. Execution whereof -yet remaines to be done. These are therefore in the -names of their maj'ties William and Mary now -King and Queen over England &c. to will and command -That upon Fryday next being the Tenth Day -of this instant month of June between the hours of -eight and twelve in the aforenoon of the same day -you safely conduct the s'd Bridgett Bishop al's -Olliver from their maj'ties Gaol in Salem afores'd -to the place of execution and there cause her to be -hanged by the neck untill she be dead and of your -doings herein make returne to the clerk of the s'd -Court and of this pr'cept. And hereof you are not -to faile at your peril. And this shall be your -sufficient warrant Given under my hand & seal at -Boston the eighth of June in the fourth year of the -reigne of our Sovereign Lords William and Mary -now King and Queen over England &c., Annoq'e -Dom. 1692.</p> - -<table class='table0' summary=''> -<colgroup> -<col width='50%' /> -<col width='50%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <td class='c013'>"June 10, 1692.</td> - <td class='c014'><span class='sc'>Wm. Stoughton.</span>"</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_278'>278</span>"According to the within written precept I have -taken the body of the within named Brigett Bishop -out of their majesties goal in Salem and safely conveighd -her to the place provided for her execution -and caused y sd Brigett to be hanged by the neck -untill she was dead and buried in the place all which -was according to the time within required and so -I make returne by me.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>"<span class='sc'>George Corwin</span>,</div> - <div class='line in10'>"Sheriff."</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<p class='c000'>As before said, the sentiment at the North is -changing in favor of the South; many are beginning -to learn the true history of the past and present -state of affairs, though the South still has its -traducers and slanderers there, for in this year of -grace, 1907, a Sunday-school magazine up North -printed in its columns the following: "And when -General Lee invaded Pennsylvania, at the time of -the battle of Gettysburg, destruction and rapine -followed in the wake of the invaders. There was -evil and misfortune at every turn." A bigger lie -was never told. A fouler slander was never uttered.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The South, despite its enemies, is advancing -rapidly in material interests, and is destined to be -the most prosperous portion of the United States. -"King Cotton" is coming to his throne again. The -South has always been the most chivalrous, conservative -and American-like, holding more closely -<span class='pageno' id='Page_279'>279</span>to the traditions, customs, and manners of the old -days, where the high and unselfish principles of -right, justice and honor, which go to make up the -true gentleman and patriotic citizen, have always -prevailed. The pure Anglo-Saxon blood still -predominates in the South, as well as the spirit of -the cavalier. Blood will tell.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The average Yankee has a very poor conception -of what is right and honorable in his transactions -and intercourse with his fellow-man, and very faint -conceptions of those principles of right and justice -which are the same among men of honor, world -without end. To drive a sharp bargain, to get -money no matter how, but to get money, and diffuse -and enforce his own ideas and notions, seem to be -the <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">summa summorum</span></i> of all his ends—as witness -the developments in the past few years of rascality -and thieving being brought to light at the North, as -it exists among the "great captains of finance," as -they are wont to be called; I think "great thieves" -would be a much more suitable appellation. The -foundations of many of the great, overgrown fortunes -at the North were laid during the war by -swindling and stealing by Government contractors, -and they are still at it. Graft, graft; fraud, fraud, -everywhere and in everything they touch.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As before said, the South is coming to its own -again. I firmly believe the days of retribution will -come when the evil deeds the North perpetrated in -the South during and since the war, will be avenged, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_280'>280</span>not in kind perhaps, but in some way. "The gods -wait long, but they are just at last;" their "mills -grind slowly, but they grind exceeding fine." God -is just; His will be done.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have written much more than I anticipated in -the beginning—the subject and occurrences opened -up the "cells where memory sleeps." The more I -wrote, the more I recalled.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These reminiscences were commenced several -years ago and virtually completed last February. -Since then they have been gone over, revised, added -to and some parts rewritten, and now on this, the -31st day of December, in the year of our Lord, -1907, the last day of the year, are completed.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>W. H. Morgan</span></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_281'>281</span> - <h2 class='c004'>INDEX</h2> -</div> - -<ul class='index c003'> - <li class='c015'>Akers, P. B., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>, <a href='#Page_267'>267</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Akers, W. L., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Albemarle Sound, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Allen, Chas., <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Annandale, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Anglo-Saxon Blood, <a href='#Page_279'>279</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Appomattox, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>, <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Army of Northern Virginia, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Atkins, —— Lieut., <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Bailey, Allen, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bailey, Harvey, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bailey, Miffram, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Balls Bluff, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Balls Ford, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Balloons, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Barber, Silas, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bartow, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bateman, Abner, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Beauregard, G. T., <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Beaver Dam Creek, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Beckwith, H. C., <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bee, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bermuda Hundred, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Black Horse Cavalry, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Blankenship, J. E., <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Blackburn's Ford, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Blackwater River, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Blue Ridge, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bottom's Bridge, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Breckenridge, Jno. C., <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bonham, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Booth, J. Wilkes, <a href='#Page_268'>268</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Boonsboro, Md., <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Botetourt County, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brigade, Barksdale's, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brigade, Longstreet's, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brigade, A. P. Hill's, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brigade, Kemper's, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brigade, Terry's, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brigade, Corse's, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brigade, Gracie's, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brigade, Heckman's, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bright, Geo., <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brown, James A., <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brown, W. L., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brown, G. T., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brown, —— Col.</li> - <li class='c015'>Brown, W. W., Col., <a href='#Page_244'>244</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bull Run, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Bumgardner, James, <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Burks, Geo. A., <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Burnside, A. E., Gen., <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Burial at Sea, <a href='#Page_252'>252</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Butler, B. F., Gen. (Beast), <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Cabell, Geo C., <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Callaham, H. M., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Carter, —— Capt., <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Carpet Baggers, <a href='#Page_272'>272</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Cary, Peter, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Carrington, Isaac H., <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Centreville, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chalmers, H. C., <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chalmers, —— Dr., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chambersburg, Penn., <a href='#Page_263'>263</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chafin's Farm, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chancellorsville, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Charleston, S. C., <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chester Station, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chess Club, <a href='#Page_248'>248</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chickahominy, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Chickamauga, Tenn., <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>City Point, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_250'>250</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Clark, Geo. Rodgers, <a href='#Page_264'>264</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Clement, Adam, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Clement, Chas. A., <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Clifton Grays, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Cold Harbor, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Cobb, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Cock, James, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Cock, Robt. M., <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'><span class='pageno' id='Page_282'>282</span>Cocke, Phillip St. George, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company A., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company B., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company C., <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company D., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company E., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>. 208.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company F., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company G., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company H., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company I., <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Company K., <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Connelly, James A., <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Confederate Soldiers, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Confederate Women, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Cook, —— Capt., <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Corps, Longstreet's, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Corps, Jackson's, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Corse, M. D., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Creasy, G. A., <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Crescent (ship), <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Culpeper, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Daniel, Jno. W., <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Darbytown, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Davis, Jefferson, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_268'>268</a>, <a href='#Page_274'>274</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Davis, Thos. N., <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Dearing, James, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Deaths on Ship, <a href='#Page_253'>253</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>De Priest, John, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Discipline in Army, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Dickerson, H. Clay, <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Dismal Swamp, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Division, Longstreet's, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Division, D. H. Hill's, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Division, Whiting's, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Division, Pickett's, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Dooly, Jno. H., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Douthat, R. W., <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Drainesville, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Drury's Bluff, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Dummy Cannon, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Eads, H., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Early, Jubal A., <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_263'>263</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Eli, —— Congressman, <a href='#Page_82'>82</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Elliott, B. P., <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Elliott, H. O., <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Elzey, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Emancipation, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Evans, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Ewell. R. S., <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Falls Church, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fairfax Court House, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fair Oaks, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fairfax, J. W., <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Flags presented, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Flags, Yankee, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Floweree, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fanning, J. W., <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Farris, Benj., <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Five Forks, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Comfort, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Delaware, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_250'>250</a>, <a href='#Page_253'>253</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Fisher, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Gregg, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Magruder, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Monroe, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_274'>274</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Pulaski, <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Sumter, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Wagner, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Warren, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Wessels, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fort Williams, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Foster, J. G., <a href='#Page_245'>245</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Foulks, Henry, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Franklin, James, Jr., <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Franklin, Saml. T., <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Franklin Station, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Frazier's Farm, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fredericksburg, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Fulks, James, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Funston, David, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'><span class='pageno' id='Page_283'>283</span>Gaines' Hill, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Garland, Saml., Jr., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Graft, <a href='#Page_279'>279</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Garrett's Station, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>"General Lee to the rear," 171.</li> - <li class='c015'>George, negro cook, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gettysburg, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gilliam, Ed. G., <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gladys, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Goldsboro, N. C., <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gracie, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Granberry, Jno. C., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Greeley, Horace, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Grant, U. S., <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_250'>250</a>, <a href='#Page_257'>257</a>, <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Grapevine dispatches, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Griffin's Battery, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gunboat, "Albemarle," 187.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gunboat, "Bombshell," 188.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gunboat, "Miami," 188.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gunboat, "Patrick Henry," 175.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gunboat, "Southfield," 188.</li> - <li class='c015'>Guinea Station, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Gurney, Wm., <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Hairston, Peter, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Halleck, H. W., <a href='#Page_260'>260</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Halsey, Don P., <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hankin's Battery, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hanover Junction, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Harrison, Carter H., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Harrison's Landing, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hambrick, Joe, Maj., <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Harper's Ferry, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Haynes, Jim., <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hazel Run, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hickman, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hendricks, W. H., <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hickok, M. V. B., <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hientzleman, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hill, A. P., <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hill, D. H., <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hilton Head, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hobson, Jos. A., <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hobson, W. H., <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hoke, R. F., <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hoover, H. C., <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Home Guard, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Horton, Thos. B., <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_247'>247</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hord, Jas. W., <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Horace, negro cook, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Houston, D. Gardner, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Houston, Thomas, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Houston, A. M., <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hospitals, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hughes, Crockett, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hutter, J. Risque, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Hutton, Eppa, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Howard's Grove, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Jackson, T. J. (Stonewall), <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>James River, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_250'>250</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jamison —— Capt., <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jeff Davis Rifles, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Johnston, Jos. E., <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>, <a href='#Page_269'>269</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Johnson, Bushrod, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Johnson, Bradley T., <a href='#Page_260'>260</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jones, A. I., <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jones, Charles, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jones, Lanious, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jones, J. C., <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jones, J. T., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jones, J. W., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jones, R. H., <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Jones, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Kabler, Fred., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Kabler, W. S., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Kasey, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Kean, R. G. H., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Kemper, Jas. L., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>King's Landing, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Kinston, N. C., <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Knoxville, Tenn., <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Lane, John, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Langhorne, M. S., <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'><span class='pageno' id='Page_284'>284</span>Layne, David, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Latham, G. W., <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Latham's Battery, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Lea, Jas. B., <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Lee, Robt. E., <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_262'>262</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Lee, Fitz., <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Letcher, John, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Linney, H. M., <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Lincoln, Abe, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_267'>267</a>, <a href='#Page_268'>268</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Libby Prison, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Long, Tom, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Long Roll, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Longstreet, James, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Lucado, L. F., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Lyman, Geo. W., <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Lynchburg, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Lynchburg Rifles, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Magruder, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Malvern Hill, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Manassas, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Manning, Van., <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Marye, Morton, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Martin, Harvey, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Maryland Campaign, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Mayflower, <a href='#Page_275'>275</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Marye's Hill, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Masons Hill, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Mason, M. M. (Boy), <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Maury, R. F., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Mayo, Joseph, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Measles, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>McClellan, G. B., <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>McDowell, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>McLean's Ford, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Mechanicsville, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Meem, J. Lawrence, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Milford Station, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Mitchell's Ford, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Mitchell Robert M., Jr., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Monroe, William, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Monroe, John, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Monroe, W. T., <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Moore, P. T., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Morgan, Richard, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Morgan, G. W., <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Morgan, Dixie, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Morgan, Robt. W., <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Morgan, J. L., <a href='#Page_225'>225</a>, <a href='#Page_269'>269</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Morgan, Taylor, <a href='#Page_271'>271</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Morris Island, S. C., <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Munford, Wm., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Munson's Hill, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Murrell, Charles, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Negro soldiers, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Napoleon at Lodi, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>New York Zouaves, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>New England Yankees, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_275'>275</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Norvell, George P., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Norton, —— Maj., <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>North Anna River, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>North Carolina, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>North Western Territory, <a href='#Page_263'>263</a>, <a href='#Page_264'>264</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Neuse River, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>New Berne, N. C., <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Old, Robert, <a href='#Page_257'>257</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Old Capitol Prison, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Organ, John, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Otey, Kirk, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Palmer, G. W., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Pamlico Sound, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Patten, W. Tazwell, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Patterson, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Peninsular Campaign, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Pennsylvania Campaign, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Petersburg, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Pigeon Run, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Pickett's Division, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Picket lines, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Pickett, George E., <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Pillow, Daniel, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Plymouth, N. C., <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'><span class='pageno' id='Page_285'>285</span>Port Royal, Va., <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Port Royal, S. C., <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Point Lookout, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Preston, Robert T., <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Price, Leslie, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Prisoners escape, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>, <a href='#Page_249'>249</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Prisoner of War, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>, <a href='#Page_246'>246</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Prisoners, Exchange of, <a href='#Page_250'>250</a>, <a href='#Page_254'>254</a>, <a href='#Page_257'>257</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Prison rations, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_245'>245</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Prison life, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Prison rules, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_240'>240</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Prison guards, <a href='#Page_244'>244</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Prison ships, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_250'>250</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Pryor, W. H., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Pryor, Roger A., <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Puritans, <a href='#Page_275'>275</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Ransom, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rappahannock River, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rebel yell, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Reconstruction, <a href='#Page_272'>272</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Reviews, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Retaliation, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 28th Va., <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 1st Va., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 3d Va., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 7th Va., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 11th Va., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 17th Va., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 24th Va., <a href='#Page_5'>5</a>, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 5th La., <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Regiment, 8th Va., <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Richmond, Va., <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>, <a href='#Page_269'>269</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rickett's Battery, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rice, Joe, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rice, John, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rice, W. A., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rifle Grays, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rosser, Alford, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rosser, Granville, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rosser, Jabe R., <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rosser, W. C., <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rosser, G. T., <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Rosser, Thos. L., <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Roads, muddy, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Roanoke River, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Saunders, Robt. C., <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Scalawags, <a href='#Page_272'>272</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Sea, W. M. 212.</li> - <li class='c015'>Secession, Cause of, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Sea-sickness, <a href='#Page_251'>251</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Seven Pines, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Seven Days' Fights, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Sharpsburg, Md., <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Shenandoah River, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Sherman's Battery, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Sherman, W. T., <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>, <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>, <a href='#Page_261'>261</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Sherman's March, <a href='#Page_259'>259</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Slavery, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Smith, J. Holmes, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Smith, G. W., <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Smith, Kirby, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_266'>266</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Smithfield, N. C., <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>South Side Va., <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Southern Confederacy, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Southern Traducers, <a href='#Page_278'>278</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Song, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Sperryville, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Spottsylvania C. H., <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Spoils of Battle, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Stars and Stripes, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Stafford Heights, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Stigleman, C. M., <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>"Stone Wall" Sobriquet, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Stuart's Cavalry, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Stockade, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Stone Bridge, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Sudley's Ford, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Suffolk, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Tarboro, N. C., <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Tar River, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Taylor, W. H., Dr., <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Taylorsville, Va., <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Terry, Wm. R., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Terrell, James, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>The South, <a href='#Page_278'>278</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Thornhill, G. W., Dr., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Thornton's Gap, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'><span class='pageno' id='Page_286'>286</span>Torbet's Cavalry, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Turpentine Orchards, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Tweedy, Bennett, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Tweedy, Dabney C., <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Tweedy, Smith P., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Tweedy, E. A., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Tweedy, F. C., <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Tyler, E. B., <a href='#Page_61'>61</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Tyree, Chas. H., <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>.v</li> - <li class='c015'>Tybee Island, <a href='#Page_243'>243</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Under Fire of Confederate Guns, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Under Shelling, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Upton's Hill, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Virginia Dismembered, <a href='#Page_263'>263</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>V. M. I. Men, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Valley Forge, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Walton, —— Col., <a href='#Page_151'>151</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Walker, G. W., <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Walthall, Isaac, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>War, Conduct of, <a href='#Page_258'>258</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Ward, Jno. C., <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Washington Artillery, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Washington City, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Washington, N. C., <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Washington, George, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Water, Hot, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Weldon, N. C., <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>West Point, Va., <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wessels, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>West Virginia, <a href='#Page_263'>263</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Whitehead, Jno. D., <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Whiting, —— Gen., <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Williamsburg, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wilderness, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wilson, W. H., <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wilkerson, W. C. J., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wilmington, N. C., <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Winfree, C. V., <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Winchester, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wise, Henry A., <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Witchcraft, <a href='#Page_276'>276</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Withers, H. H., <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Withers, R. E., <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Withers, W. S., <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Worms in food, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wood, James, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wood, John J., <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Woody, Bruce, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Wray, James W., <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Yankee Flags, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Yankee Infamy, <a href='#Page_255'>255</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Yeatman, Robert, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>Yorktown Lines, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>.</li> - <li class='c015'>York River, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>.</li> - <li class='c003'>Zouaves, New York, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a>.</li> -</ul> - -<div class='tnotes'> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c004'>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE</h2> -</div> - <ol class='ol_1 c003'> - <li>Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors. - </li> - <li>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - </li> - <li>Deleted the word thousand on p. <a href='#thousand'>138</a>. - </li> </ol> -</div> - -<p> </p> -<p> </p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR OF 1861-5***</p> -<p>******* This file should be named 51838-h.htm or 51838-h.zip *******</p> -<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/5/1/8/3/51838">http://www.gutenberg.org/5/1/8/3/51838</a></p> -<p> -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed.</p> - -<p>Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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