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+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #52052 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52052)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Puzzle King, by John Scott
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: The Puzzle King
-
-Author: John Scott
-
-Release Date: May 12, 2016 [EBook #52052]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PUZZLE KING ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by MWS, Paul Marshall and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-Transcriber's Notes:
-
-  Underscores "_" before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_
-    in the original text.
-  Equals signs "=" before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold=
-    in the original text.
-  The carat symbol "^" is used to indicate a superscript.
-  Small capitals have been converted to BLOCK capitals.
-  Antiquated spellings have been preserved.
-  Typographical errors have been silently corrected but other variations
-    in spelling and punctuation remain unaltered.
-  Answers are provided at the end of the book to numbered questions,
-    however in the original text, numbers 237 to 241 were omitted
-    for some reason.
-
-                        “LAUGH AND GROW FAT.”
-
-
-
-
-                          THE PUZZLE KING.
-
-
-                         AMUSING ARITHMETIC.
-                       BOOK-KEEPING BLUNDERS.
-                      COMMERCIAL COMICALITIES.
-              CURIOUS “CATCHES.”    PECULIAR PROBLEMS.
-                        PERPLEXING PARADOXES.
-                QUAINT QUESTIONS.    QUEER QUIBBLES.
-                           SCHOOL STORIES.
-                         INTERESTING ITEMS.
-
-        Tricks with Figures, Cards, Draughts, Dice, Dominoes,
-                          Etc., Etc., Etc.
-
-                           By JOHN SCOTT,
-
-  Author of “How to Become Quick at Figures,” “Doctrine of Chance,”
-        “Tank Calculator,” “Cyanide Vat Calculator,” &c., &c.
-
-                      INSTRUCTIVE and AMUSING.
-
-                             Copyright.
-
-                              Brisbane,
-   H. J. DIDDAMS & CO., Printers and Publishers, Elizabeth Street,
-                             MDCCCXCIX.
-
-
-
-
-PREFACE.
-
-
-    A puzzle is not solved, impatient sirs,
-    By peeping at its answer in a trice:
-    When Gordius, the ploughboy King of Phrygia,
-    Tied up his implements of husbandry
-    In the far-famed knot, rash Alexander
-    Did not undo by cutting it in twain.
-
-It is hoped that this little book may prove useful, not only in
-connection with puzzles for home amusement, but that by inducing
-people to consider the various difficulties met with in business and
-trade some at least may be led to greater success in dealing with the
-practical puzzles and problems of everyday life.
-
-It is the special desire of the author to produce a “sugar-coated
-mathematical pill,” as he feels convinced that many can more easily
-grasp the truth when it is put before them in a light manner than
-when brought forward in the usual orthodox fashion.
-
-No pains have been spared to make the PUZZLE KING the best
-of its kind yet produced, and the author here wishes to thank his
-many friends who have so kindly assisted him. It would be well-nigh
-impossible to individualize; but especial thanks are due to Thos.
-Finney, Esq., M.L.A. (Brisbane), for the interest he has manifested
-throughout, and the kindly help he has so often rendered the author.
-
-It might afford our readers some pleasure to know that this work
-is entirely Australian. The printers, artist, and author are all
-colonial-born, and the production of the former two, at any rate,
-will compare favourably with that of any others.
-
-The engravings throughout have been in the hands of Mr. Murray Fraser
-and staff, whose experience in this special art has tended to make
-the book more attractive than it otherwise would have been.
-
-The author is not above receiving any suggestions or contributions in
-the way of peculiar puzzles or commercial comicalities, which might
-enhance the value of the book. Intending contributors are invited
-to communicate to the address given below, and can rest assured
-that they will be remunerated according to the merits of their
-communications.
-
-                                                   THE AUTHOR.
-   _44, Pitt Street, Sydney._
-
-_Refer to Appendix for Answers to numbered Problems._
-
-
-
-
-READING BIG NUMBERS.
-
-Wonderful Calculations.
-
-
-Although we are accustomed to speak in the most airy fashion of
-millions, billions, &c., and “rattle” off at a breath strings of
-figures, the fact still remains that we are unable to grasp their
-vastness. Man is finite--numbers are infinite!
-
-                        ONE MILLION
-
-Is beyond our conception. We can no more realise its immensity, than
-we can the tenth part of a second. It should be a pleasing fact
-to note that commercial calculations do not often extend beyond
-millions; generally speaking, it is in the realm of speculative
-calculation only, such as probability, astronomy, &c., that we are
-brought face to face with these unthinkable magnitudes.
-
-Who, for instance, could form the slightest idea that the odds
-against a person tossing a coin in the air so as to bring a head
-200 times in succession are
-160693804425899027554196209234116260522202993782792835301375
-(over I decillion, &c.) to 1 against him? Suppose that all the men,
-women and children on the face of the earth were to keep on tossing
-coins at the rate of a million a second for a million years, the
-odds would still be too great for us to realise against any one
-person succeeding in performing the above feat, and yet the number
-representing the odds would be only half as long as the one already
-given.
-
-Or, who could understand the other equally astounding fact that
-Sirius, the Dog-star, is 130435000000000 miles from the earth, or
-even that the earth itself is 5426000000000000000000 tons in weight.
-
-                     WHAT IS A BILLION
-
-In Europe and America, the billion is 1,000,000,000--a thousand
-millions--but in Great Britain and her Colonies, a billion is
-reckoned 1,000,000,000,000--a million millions: a difference which
-should perhaps be worth remembering in the case of francs and dollars.
-
-One billion sovereigns placed side by side would extend to a distance
-of over 18,000,000 miles, and make a band which would pass 736 times
-round the globe, or, if lying side by side, would form a golden belt
-around it over 26 ft. wide; if the sovereigns were placed on top of
-each other flatways, the golden column would be more than a million
-miles in height.
-
-Supposing you could count at the rate of 200 a minute; then, in
-one hour, you could count 12,000--if you were not interrupted. Well,
-12,000 an hour would be 288,000 a day; and a year, or 365 days,
-would produce 105,120,000. But this would not allow you a single
-moment for sleep, or for any other business whatever. If Adam at
-the beginning of his existence, had begun to count, had continued to
-count, and were counting still, he would not even now, according to
-the usually supposed age of man, have counted nearly enough. To
-count a billion, he would require 9,512 years, 342 days, 5 hours and 20
-minutes, according to the above reckoning. But suppose we were to
-allow the poor counter twelve hours daily for rest, eating and sleeping,
-he would need 19,025 years, 319 days, 10 hours and 40 minutes to
-count one billion.
-
-  A comparison--
-         One million seconds = less than 12 days
-          "  billion    "    = over 31,000 years
-
-
-A GOOD CATCH.
-
-1.--Ask a person to write, in figures, eleven thousand, eleven
-hundred and eleven. This often proves very amusing, few being able to
-write it correctly at first.
-
-2.--If the eighth of £1 be 3s, what will the fifth of a £5 note be?
-
-
-=BOTHERSOME BILLS=.
-
-Defter at the anvil than at the desk was a village blacksmith who
-held a customer responsible for a little account running:
-
-    To menden to broken sorspuns                          4 punse
-    To handl to a kleffr                                  6   "
-    To pointen 3 iron skurrs                              3   "
-    To repairen a lanton                                  2   "
-    A klapper to a bel                                    8   "
-    Medsen attenden a cow sick the numoraman a bad i      6   "
-    To arf a da elpen a fillup a taken in arvist          1 shillin
-    To a hole da elpen a fillup a taken in arvist         2   "
-                                                          ----------
-         Totle of altigether                 5 shillins and fippunse.
-
-That the honest man’s services had been requisitioned for the mending
-of two saucepans, putting a new handle to an old cleaver, sharpening
-three blunted iron skewers, repairing a lantern, and providing a bell
-with a clapper is clear enough; and by resolving “a fillup” into “A.
-Phillip,” all obscurity is removed from the last two items, but “the
-numoraman a bad i” is a nut the reader must crack for himself.
-
-
-ONE FROM A PUBLICAN.
-
-He stabled a horse for a night, and sent it home next day with a bill
-debiting the owner:
-
-                      To anos              4/6
-                      To agitinonimom      -/6
-                                           ---
-                                           5/-
-
-
-A LAUNDRY BILL.
-
-A tourist in Tasmania, being called upon to pay a native dame of the
-wash-tub “OOo III,” opened his eyes and ejaculated, “O!” but the good
-woman explained that he owed her just two and ninepence, a big O
-standing for a shilling, a little one for sixpence, and each I for a
-penny.
-
-
-THE DUTCHMAN’S ACCOUNT.
-
-                       Two wax dolls      15/-
-                       One wooden do       7/6
-                                          ----
-                       Total               7/6
-
-The two dolls were 7s 6d each, but one “wouldn’t do;” so, being
-returned, it was taken off the account in the above manner.
-
-
-A carpenter in Melbourne who did a small job in an office, made
-out his bill:
-
-             To hanging one door and myself      14s.
-
-
-A BILL MADE OUT BY A MAN WHO COULD NOT WRITE.
-
-[Illustration: This is an exact copy of a bill sent by a bricklayer
-to a gentleman for work done. Date, 1798.]
-
-This is an exact copy of a bill sent by a bricklayer to a gentleman
-for work done. Date, 1798.
-
-The bill reads thus: Two men and a boy, ¾ of a day, 2 hods of mortar,
-10s 10d. Settled.
-
-
-A BILL FROM AN IRISH TAILOR.
-
-To receipting a pair of trousers      5s.
-
-
-QUITE RIGHT.
-
-At a large manufactory a patent pump refused to work. Several
-engineers failed to discover the cause. The local plumber, however,
-succeeded, after a few minutes, in putting it in working order, and
-sent to the company--
-
-                     To Mending pump         2 0
-                     "  Knowing how        5 0 0
-                                           ------
-                               Total      £5 2 0
-
-
-A VETERINARY SURGEON’S ACCOUNT.
-
-To curing your pony, that died yesterday,      £1 1s.
-
-
-3. What is the number that the square of its half is equal to the
-number reversed?
-
-
-HOW TO GET A HEAD-ACHE.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Naturalists state that snakes, when in danger, have been known to
-swallow each other; the above three snakes have just commenced to
-perform this operation. The snakes are from the same “hatch,” and
-are therefore equal in age, length, weight, &c. They all start at
-scratch--that is, commence swallowing simultaneously. They are
-twirling round at the express rate of 300 revolutions per minute,
-during which time the circumference is decreased by 1 inch.
-
-We would like our readers to tell us what will be the final result?
-Heads or tails, and how many of each?
-
-
-4. A man sold two horses for £100 each; he lost 25 per cent. on one,
-and gained 25 per cent. on the other. Was he “quits”; or did he lose
-or gain by the transaction; and, if so, how much?
-
-
-A GOOD CARD TRICK.
-
-The performer lays upon the table ten cards, side by side, face
-downwards. Anyone is then at liberty (the performer meanwhile
-retiring from the room) to shift any number of the cards (from one
-to nine inclusive) from the right hand end of the row to the left,
-but retaining the order of the cards so shifted. The performer, on
-his return, makes a little speech: “Ladies and gentlemen, you have
-shifted a certain number of these cards. Now, I don’t intend to ask
-you a single question. By a simple mental calculation I can ascertain
-the number you have moved, and by my clairvoyant faculty, though the
-cards are face downwards, I shall pick out one corresponding with
-that number. Let me see” (pretends to calculate, and presently turns
-up a card representing “five”). “You shifted five cards and I have
-turned up a five, the exact number.”
-
-The cards moved are not replaced, but the performer again retires,
-and a second person is invited to move a few more from right to
-left. Again the performer on his return takes up the correct card
-indicating the number shifted. The trick, unlike most others, may be
-repeated without fear of detection.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The principle is arithmetical. To begin with, the cards are arranged,
-unknown to the spectators, in the following order:
-
-Ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one.
-
-Such being the case, it will be found that, however many are shifted
-from right to left, the _first_ card of the new row will indicate
-their number. Thus, suppose _three_ are shifted. The new order of the
-cards will then be:
-
-_Three_, two, one, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four.
-
-So far, the trick is easy enough, but the method of its continuance
-is a trifle more complicated. To tell the position of the indicating
-card after the second removal, the performer privately adds the
-number of that last turned up (in this case _three_) to its place in
-the row--_one_. That gives us _four_, the card to be turned up
-after the next shift will be the fourth. Thus, suppose six cards are now
-shifted, their new order will be:
-
-Nine, eight, seven, _six_, five, four, three, two, one, ten.
-
-Had five cards only been shifted, the _five_ would have been
-fourth in the row, and so on.
-
-The performer now adds _six_, the number of the card, to its place
-in the row, _four_: the total, _ten_, gives him the position of
-the indicator for the next attempt. Thus, suppose four cards are next
-shifted, the new order will be:
-
-Three, two, one, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, _four_.
-
-The next calculation, 4 and 10, gives us a total 14. The ten is, in
-this case, cancelled, and the fourteen regarded as _four_, which
-will be found to be the correct indicator for the next shifting.
-
-It looks more mystifying if the performer be blindfolded, for he can
-tell the position of the cards with his fingers. Keeping his hand
-on the card, he asks, “Will you please tell me how many cards were
-shifted?” As soon as the answer is given, he exhibits the card, and
-can continue the trick as long as he pleases.
-
-
-5. Find 16 numbers in arithmetical progression (common difference 2)
-whose sum shall be equal to 7552, and arrange them in 4 columns, 4
-numbers in each column--or, in other words, arrange in a square of 16
-numbers that when added vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, the
-sum of each 4 numbers will amount to 1888.
-
-
-
-
-SOME CURIOUS NUMBERS.
-
-
-If the number 37 be multiplied by 3, or any multiple of 3 up to 27,
-the product is expressed by three similar digits. Thus--
-
-                            37 × 3 = 111
-                            37 × 6 = 222
-                            37 × 9 = 333
-
-The products succeed each other in the order of the digits read
-downwards, 1, 2, 3, etc., these being multiplied by 3 (their number
-of places) reproduce the multiplicand of 37.
-
-                              1 × 3 = 3
-                              2 × 3 = 6
-                              3 × 3 = 9
-
-If it be multiplied by multiples of 3, beyond 27, this peculiarity is
-continued, except that the extreme figures taken together represent
-the multiple of 3 that is used as a multiplier. Thus--
-
-                 37 × 30 = 1110, extreme figures, 10
-                 37 × 33 = 1221     "       "     11
-                 37 × 36 = 1332     "       "     12
-
-The number 73 (which is 37 inverted) multiplied by each of the
-numbers of arithmetical progression 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, etc., produces
-products terminating (unit’s place) by one of the ten different
-figures, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0. These figures will be found in
-the reverse order to that of the progression, 73 × 3 produces 9, by 6
-produces 8, and 9 produces 7, and so on.
-
-Another number which falls under some mysterious law of series is
-142,857, which, multiplied by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 gives the same
-figures in the same order, beginning differently; but if multiplied
-by 7, gives all 9’s.
-
-                  142,857 multiplied by 1 = 142,857
-                   "         "        2 = 285,714
-                   "         "        3 = 428,571
-                   "         "        4 = 571,428
-                   "         "        5 = 714,285
-                   "         "        6 = 857,142
-                   "         "        7 = 999,999
-
-Multiplied by 8, it gives 1,142,856, the first figure added to the
-last makes the original number--142,857.
-
-The vulgar fraction 1/7 = ·142,857.
-
-The following number, 526315789473684210, if multiplied as above,
-will, in the product, present the same peculiarities, as also will
-the number 3448275862068965517241379310.
-
-        The multiplication of 987654321 by 45 = 444444444445
-              Do.             123456789 "  45 =   5555555505
-              Do.             987654321 "  54 =  53333333334
-              Do.             123456789 "  54 =   6666666606
-
-Taking the same multiplicand and multiplying by 27 (half 54) the
-product is 26,666,666,667, all 6’s except the extremes, which read
-the original multiplier (27). If 72 be used as a multiplier, a
-similar series of progression is produced.
-
-
-6. In stables five, can you contrive to put in horses twenty--
-   In each stable an odd horse, and not a stable empty?
-
-
-“THREE THREES ARE TEN.”
-
-This little trick often puzzles many:--
-
-Place three matches, coins, or other articles on the table, and by
-picking each one up and placing it back three times, counting each
-time to finish with number 10, instead of 9. Pick up the first match
-and return it to the table saying 1; the same with the second and
-third, saying 2 and 3; repeat this counting 4; but the fifth match
-must be held in the hand, saying at the time it is picked up, 5; the
-other two are also picked up and held in hand, making 6 and 7; the
-three matches are then returned to the table as 8, 9, and 10. If done
-quickly few are able to see through it.
-
-
-7. A man bought a colt for a certain sum and sold him 2 years
-afterwards for £50 14s., gaining thereby as much per cent. per annum
-compound interest as it had cost him. What was the original price?
-
-
-=Do Figures Lie?=
-
-
-“Figures cannot lie,” is a very old saying. Nevertheless, we can
-all be deceived by them. Perhaps one of the best instances of them
-leading us astray is the following:--
-
-An employer engaged two young men, A and B, and agreed to pay them
-wages at the rate of £100 per annum. A enquires if there is to be a
-“rise,” and is answered by the employer, “Yes, I will increase your
-wages £5 every six months.” “Oh! that is very small; it’s only £10
-per year,” replied A. “Well,” said the employer, “I will double it,
-and give you a rise of £20 per year.” A accepts the situation on
-those terms.
-
-B, in making his choice, prefers the £5 every six months. At the
-first glance, it would appear that A’s position was the better.
-
-Now, let us see how much each receives up to the end of four years:--
-
-           A                 B
-  1st year   £100   |    50}    1st year
-  2nd  "      120   |    55}
-  3rd  "      140   |    60}    2nd  "
-  4th  "      160   |    65}
-                    |    70}    3rd  "
-                    |    75}
-                    |    80}    4th  "
-                    |    85}
-             ----   |  ----
-             £520   |  £540
-
-
-A spieler at a Country Show amused the people with the following
-game:--He had 6 large dice, each of which was marked only on one
-face--the first with 1, the second 2, and so on to the sixth, which
-was marked 6. He held in his hand a bundle of notes, and offered to
-stake £100 to £1 if, in throwing these six dice, the six marked faces
-should come up only once, and the person attempting it to have 20
-throws.
-
-Though the proposal of the spieler does not on the first view appear
-very disadvantageous to those who wagered with him, it is certain
-there were a great many chances against them.
-
-The six dice can come up 46,656 different ways, only one of which
-would give the marked faces; the odds, therefore, in doing this
-in one throw would be 46,655 to 1 against, but, as the player was
-allowed 20 throws, the probability of his succeeding would be--
-
-                                 20
-                               ------
-                               46,656
-
-To play an equal game, therefore, the spieler should have engaged to
-return 2332 times the money deposited.
-
-
-TREBLE RULE OF THREE.
-
-If 70 dogs with 5 legs each catch 90 rabbits with 3 legs each in 25
-minutes, how many legs must 80 rabbits have to get away from 50 dogs
-with 2 legs each in half an hour?
-
-
-8. Suppose a greyhound makes 27 springs whilst a hare makes 25, and
-the springs are equal: if the hare is 50 springs before the hound at
-the start, in how many springs will the hound overtake the hare?
-
-
-The first Arithmetic in English was written by Tonstal, Bishop of
-London, and printed by Pinson in 1552.
-
-
-Two persons playing dominoes 10 hours a day and making 4 moves a
-minute could continue 118,000 years without exhausting all the
-combinations of the game.
-
-
-A schoolmaster wrote the word “dozen” on the blackboard, and asked
-the pupils to each write a sentence containing the word. He was
-somewhat taken aback to find on one of the slates the following
-unique sentence: “I dozen know my lesson.”
-
-
-9.
-       I have a piece of ground, which is neither square nor round,
-         But an octagon, and this I have laid out
-       In a novel way, though plain in appearance, and retain
-         Three posts in each compartment; but I doubt
-       Whether you discover how I apportioned it, e’en tho’
-         I inform you ’tis divided into four.
-       But, if you solve it right, ’twill afford you much delight
-         And repay you for the trouble, I am sure.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-At an examination in arithmetic, a little boy was asked “what two and
-two made?” Answer--“Four.” “Two and four?” Answer--“Six.” “Two and
-six?” Answer--“Half-a-crown.”
-
-
-10. A certain gentleman dying left his executor the sum of £3,000
-to be disposed of in the following manner, viz.:--To give to his
-son £1,000, to his wife £1,000, to his sister £1,000, and to his
-sister’s son £1,000, to his mother’s grandson £1,000, to his own
-father and mother £1,000, and to his wife’s own father and mother
-£1,000--required, the scheme of kindred.
-
-
-COPY OF LETTER FROM FIRM TO COMMERCIAL TRAVELLER.
-
-                                                   Sydney,
-                                                   25th Jan., 1895.
-  MR. EINSTEIN, Townsville,
-          DEAR SIR,
-
-Ve hav receved your letter on the 18th mit expense agount and round
-list. vat ve vants is orders, ve haf plenty maps in Sydney vrom vich
-to make up round lists also big families to make expenses.
-
-Mr. Einstein ve find in going through your expenses agount 10s. for
-pilliards please don’t buy no more pilliards for us. vat ve vants is
-orders, also ve do see 30s. for a Horse and Buggy, vere is de horse
-and vot haf you done mit de Buggy the rest on your expenses agount
-vas nix but drinks--vy don’t you suck ice. ve sended you to day two
-boxes cigars, 1 costed 6/-and the oder 3/6 you can smoke the 6/-
-box, but gif de oders to your gustomers, ve send you also samples of
-a necktie vat costed us 28/-gross, sell dem for 30/-dozen if you
-can’t get 30/-take 8/6, vat ve vants is orders. The neckties is a
-novelty as ve hav dem in stock for seven years and ain’d sold none.
-My brother Louis says you should stop in Rockhampton. His cousin
-Marks livs dere. Louis says you should sell Marks a good bill; dry
-him mit de neckties first, and sell mostly for cash, he is Louis’s
-cousin. Ve only giv credit to dem gustomers vat pays cash. Don’t date
-any more bills ahead, as the days are longer in the summer as in the
-vinter. Don’t show Marks any of the good sellers, and finaly remember
-Mr. Einstein mit us veder you do bisness or you do nothings at all
-vat ve vants is orders.
-
-                                       Yours Truly,
-                                             SHADRACK & Co.
-   P.S.--Keep the expenses down.
-
-
-11. Two fathers and two sons went into a hotel to have drinks, which
-amounted to one shilling. They each spent the same amount. How much
-did each pay?
-
-
-12. In a cricket match, a side of 11 men made a certain number of
-runs. One obtained one-eighth of the number, each of two others
-one-tenth, and each of three others one-twentieth. The rest made up
-among them 126 (the remainder of the score), and four of the last
-scored five times as many as the others. What was the whole number of
-runs, and the score of each man?
-
-
-BRAINS v. BRAWN.
-
-SCHOOLMASTER--“What is meant by mental occupation?”
-
-PUPIL--“One in which we use our minds.”
-
-SCHOOLMASTER--“And a manual occupation?”
-
-PUPIL--“One in which we use our hands.”
-
-SCHOOLMASTER--“Now, which of these occupations is mine.
-Come, now; what do I use most in teaching you?”
-
-PUPIL (quickly)--“Your cane, sir!”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-MAGIC ADDITION.
-
-_To write the answer of an addition sum, when only one line has been
-written._
-
-   73468
-   52174 } pair
-   47825 }
-   69341 } pair
-   30658 }
-  ------
-  273466
-  ======
-
-Tell a person to write down a row of figures. Now, this row will
-constitute the main body of the answer. Tell him to write another
-row beneath it; you now write a row also, matching his second row in
-pairs of 9’s he writes one more row, and you again supply another in
-the same manner. Your addition sum will now consist of five lines,
-four of which are paired; the first line, or _key_ line, being the
-answer to the sum.
-
-From the unit figure in the _key_ line deduct the number of pairs of
-9’s--in this instance two--and place the remainder, 6, as the unit
-figure of the answer, then write in order the rest of the figures
-in the _key_ line, annexing the 2 to the extreme left; this will
-constitute the complete answer.
-
-It, of course, is not necessary to adhere to two pairs of 9’s; there
-may be three, four, or even more; but the total number of lines,
-including the _key_ line, must be _odd_, and the number of pairs must
-be deducted from the unit figure of the _key_ line, and this same
-number be written down at the extreme left. The number of figures in
-each line should always be the same. As the location of the _key_
-line may be changed if necessary, the artifice could not easily be
-detected.
-
-
-Punctuation was first used in literature in the year 1520. Before that
-time wordsandsentenceswereputtogetherlikethis.
-
-13. Smith and Brown meet a dairymaid with a pail containing milk.
-Smith maintains that it is exactly half full; Brown that it is not.
-The result is a wager. They have no instrument of any kind, nor can
-they procure one by means of which to decide the wager; nevertheless
-they manage to find out accurately, and without assistance, whether
-the pail is half-full or not. How is it done?--It should be added
-that the pail is true in every direction.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-A HINT FOR TAILORS.
-
-“There, stand in that position, please, and look straight at that
-notice while I take your measure.”
-
-  Customer reads the notice--
-                           “Terms Cash.”
-
-
-=NUMBER 9.=
-
-If two numbers divisible by 9 be added together the sum of the
-figures in the amount will be either 9 or a number divisible by 9.
-
-                      Example:   54
-                        (1)      36
-                                 --
-                                 90
-
-If one number divisible by 9 be subtracted from another number
-divisible by 9, the remainder will be either a 9 or a number
-divisible by 9.
-
-                      Example:   72
-                        (2)      18
-                                 --
-                                 54
-
-If one number divisible by 9 be multiplied by another number
-divisible by 9, the product will be divisible by 9.
-
-                       Example:   54
-                         (3)      27
-                                ----
-                                1458
-
-If one number divisible by 9 be divided by another number divisible
-by 9, the quotient will be divisible by 9.
-
-                  Example:   27)3645
-                    (4)         ----
-                                 135
-
-In the above examples it is worth noting that the figures in each
-answer added together continually produce 9.
-
-    (1) 90 = 9     (2) 54 = 9     (3) 1458 = 18 = 9     (4) 135 = 9
-
-Also, if these answers be multiplied by any number whatever, a
-similar result will be produced.
-
-                 Example: 135 x 8 = 1080 = 9
-
-If any row of two or more figures be reversed and subtracted
-from itself, the figures composing the remainder will, when added,
-be a multiple of 9, and if added together continually will result in 9.
-
-                 Example:   7362
-                            2637
-                            ----
-                            4725 = 18 = 9
-
-Tell a person to write a row of figures, then to add them together,
-and to subtract the total from the row first written, then to cross out
-any one of the figures in the answer, and to add the remaining
-figures in the answer together, omitting the figure crossed out; if the
-total be now told, it is easy to discover the figure crossed out.
-
-                Example:    4367256 = 33
-                                 33
-                            -------
-                            4367223 = 27
-
-It should be observed that the figures of the answer to the
-subtraction when added together equal 27--a multiple of 9; this,
-of course, is always the case. Now, suppose that 7 was the figure
-crossed out, then the sum of the figures in the answer (omitting
-7) would be 20; this number being told by the person, it is easily
-seen that 7 must have been crossed out, as that figure is required
-to complete the multiple 27. If after the figure has been crossed
-out, the remaining figures total a multiple of 9, it is evident that
-either a cipher or a 9 must have been the figure erased.
-
-Multiply the digits--omitting 8--by any multiple of 9, and the
-product will consist of that multiple,
-
-                    Example:   12345679      36 = 4 x 9
-                                     36
-                               --------
-                              444444444
-
-If a figure with a number of ciphers attached to it be divided by
-9, the quotient will be composed of that figure only repeated as many
-times as there are ciphers in the dividend; with the same figure as
-the remainder.
-
-                  Example:   9)7000000
-                                --------
-                                777777-7
-
-
-EXCUSES.
-
-“Miss Brown,--You must stop teach my Lizzie fisical torture. She
-needs reading and figgers more an that. If I want her to do jumpin
-I kin make her jump.”
-
-
-“Please let Willie home at 3 o’clock. I take him out for a little
-pleasure, to see his father’s grave.”
-
-
-“Dear Teecher,--Please excuse John for staying home--he had the
-meesels to oblige his father.”
-
-
-“Dear Miss----, Please excuse my boy scratching hisself, he’s got a
-new flannel shirt on.”
-
-
-“A country schoolmaster received from a small boy a slip of paper
-which was supposed to contain an excuse for the non-attendance
-of the boy’s brother. He examined the paper, and saw thereon:
-
-                       “Kepatomtogoataturing.”
-
-Unable to understand, the small boy explained to the master that his
-big brother had been “kept at home to go taturing”--that is, to dig
-potatoes.
-
-
-“Tommy,” said the school teacher, “you must get your father to give
-you an excuse the next time you stay away from school.”
-
-“That’s no use, teacher. Dad’s no good at making excuses; mother
-bowls him out every time.”
-
-
-HARVESTING.
-
-14. A and B engage to reap a field for 90s. A could reap it in 9 days
-by himself; they promised to complete it in five days; they found,
-however, that they were obliged to call in C (an inferior workman) to
-assist them the last two days, in consequence of which B received 3s.
-9d. less than he otherwise would have done. In what time could B and
-C reap the field alone?
-
-
-15. A man has a triangular block of land, the largest side being 136
-chains, and each of the other sides 68 chains. What is the value of
-the grass on it, at the rate of £2 an acre?
-
-
-A school inspector in the North of Ireland was once examining a
-geography class, and asked the question:
-
-“What is a lake?”
-
-He was much amused when a little fellow, evidently a true gem
-of the emerald isle, answered: “It’s a hole in a can, sur.”
-
-CANVASSER--“I’ve got some signs that I’m selling to
-shopkeepers all day long. Everybody buys ’em. Here’s one--“If You
-Don’t See What You Want, Ask For It.”
-
-COUNTRY SHOPKEEPER--“Think I want to be bothered with people
-asking for things I ain’t got. Give me one reading “Ef Yeh Don’t See
-What Yeh Want, Ask Fer Something Else.”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-16. The number of soldiers placed at a review is such that they could
-be formed into 4 hollow squares, each 4 deep, and contain 24 men in
-the front rank more than when formed into a solid square. Find the
-whole number.
-
-
-In the counting-house of an Irishman the following notice is
-exhibited in a conspicuous place: “Persons having no business in this
-office will please get it done as soon as possible and leave.”
-
-
-17.
-
-    Upon a piece of cardboard draw
-      The three designs you see--
-    I should have said of each shape four--
-      Which when cut out will be,
-    If joined correctly, that which you
-      Are striving to unfold--
-    An octagon, familiar to
-      My friends both young and old.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-“I was induced to-day, by the importunity of your traveller,” wrote
-an up-country store-keeper to a Brisbane firm, “to give him an order;
-but, as I did it merely to get rid of him in a civil manner, and to
-prevent my losing any more time, I must ask you to cancel the same.”
-
-
-A CATCH IN EUCHRE.
-
-18. What card in the game of euchre is always trumps and yet never
-turned up? This often puzzles many.
-
-
-RELIGIOUS RECKONING.--(THE NEW JERUSALEM.)
-
-Revelations xxi. (15)--“_And he that talked with me had a golden
-rule to measure the city and the gates thereof and the wall thereof_;
-
-(16) “_And the city lieth four square, and the length is as large
-as the breadth, and he measured the city with the reed twelve thousand
-furlongs. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal._”
-
-12,000 furlongs = 7,920,000 feet, which cubed = 496793088000000000000
-cubic feet; half of this we will reserve for the Throne and Court of
-Heaven, and half the balance for streets, &c., leaving a remainder
-of 124198272000000000000 cubic feet. Divide this by 4096 (the cubic
-feet in a room 16 feet square) and there will be 3032184375 000000
-rooms. Suppose that the world always did and always will contain
-990,000,000 inhabitants, and that a generation lasts 33⅓ years,
-making in all 2,970,000,000 every century, and that the world will
-stand 100,000 years, totalling 2,970,000,000,000 inhabitants; then
-suppose there were 100 worlds equal to this in number of inhabitants
-and duration of years, making a total of 297,000,000,000,000 persons.
-There would then be more than 100 rooms 16 feet square for each person.
-
-
-19. A man had a certain number of £’s, which he divided among 4 men.
-To the first he gave a part, to the second one-third of what was left
-after the first’s share, to the third he gave five-eighths of what
-was left, and to the fourth the balance, which equalled two-fifths of
-the first man’s share. How much money did he have, and how much did
-each receive, none receiving as much as £20?
-
-
-ROWING AGAINST TIME.
-
-20. In a time race, one boat is rowed over the course at an average
-pace of 4 yards per second, another moves over the first half of the
-course at the rate of 3½ yards per second, and over the last half
-at 4½ yards per second, reaching the winning post 15 seconds later
-than the first. Find time taken by each.
-
-
-STOCK-BREEDING.
-
-21. A farmer, being asked what number of animals he kept, answered:
-“They’re all horses but two, all sheep but two, and all pigs but
-two.” How many had he?
-
-
-A QUIBBLE.
-
-22. What is the difference between twice one hundred and five, and
-twice one hundred, and ten?
-
-
-23. The product of two numbers is six times their sum, and the sum of
-their squares is 325. What are the numbers?
-
-
-THE PUZZLE ABOUT THE “PER CENTS.”
-
-There are many persons engaged in business who often become badly
-mixed when they attempt to handle the subject of per centages. The
-ascending scale is easy enough: 5 added to 20 is a gain of 25%; given
-any sum of figures the doubling of it is an addition of 100%. But
-the moment the change is a decreasing calculation the inexperienced
-mathematician betrays himself, and even the expert is apt to stumble
-or go astray. An advance from 20 to 25 is an increase of 25%; but the
-reverse of this, that is, a decline from 25 to 20 is a decrease of
-only 20%.
-
-There are many persons, otherwise intelligent, who cannot see why the
-reduction of 100 to 50 is not a decrease of 100%, if an advance from
-50 to 100 is an increase of 100%.
-
-The other day, an article of merchandise which had been purchased
-at 10 pence a pound was resold at 30 pence a pound--an advance of
-200%. Whereupon, a writer in chronicling the sale said that at the
-beginning of the recent depression several invoices of the same class
-of goods which had cost over 30 pence per pound had been finally sold
-at 10 pence per pound--a loss of over 200%! Of course there cannot
-be a decrease or loss of more than 100%, because this wipes out the
-whole investment and makes the price nothing. An advance from 10 to
-30 is a gain of 200%; but a decline of 30 to 10 is a loss of only
-66⅔%.
-
-A very deserving trader was ruined by his miscalculations respecting
-mercantile discounts. The article he manufactured he at first
-supplied to retail dealers at a large profit of about 30%. He
-afterwards confined his trade almost exclusively to large wholesale
-houses, to whom he charged the same price, but allowed a discount of
-20%, believing that he was still realising 10% for his own profit.
-His trade was very extensive, and it was not till after some years
-that he discovered the fact that in place of making 10% profit, as
-he imagined, by this mode of making his sales he was realising only
-4%. To £100 value of goods he added 30%, and invoiced them at £130.
-At the end of each month, in the settlement of accounts amounting to
-some thousands of pounds with individual houses, he deducted 20%, or
-£26 on each £130, leaving £104, value of goods at prime cost, instead
-of £110, as he all along expected.
-
-
-24. Divide 75 into two parts so that three times the greater may
-exceed seven times the less by 15.
-
-
-25. What number is that which, being divided by 7 and the quotient
-diminished by 10, three times the remainder shall be 24?
-
-
-N.B.
-
-“Trust men and they will trust you,” said Emerson. “Trust men and
-they will bust you,” says the business man.
-
-                 26.
-    Two years ago to Hobart-town
-    A certain number of folk came down.
-    The square root of half of them got married,
-    And then in Hobart no longer tarried;
-    Eight-ninths of all went away as well
-    (This is a story sad to tell):
-    The square root of four now live here in woe!
-    How many came here two years ago?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-PECULIARITIES OF SQUARES.
-
-The following is well worth examining:--
-
-   2^2.  equals  1  plus  2  plus  1  equals  4
-   3^2.    "     4    "   2    "   3    "     9
-   4^2.    "     9    "   2    "   5    "    16
-   5^2.    "    16    "   2    "   7    "    25
-   6^2.    "    25    "   2    "   9    "    36
-   7^2.    "    36    "   2    "  11    "    49
-   8^2.    "    49    "   2    "  13    "    64
-   9^2.    "    64    "   2    "  15    "    81
-  10^2.    "    81    "   2    "  17    "   100
-  11^2.    "   100    "   2    "  19    "   121
-  12^2.    "   121    "   2    "  21    "   144
-
-
-27. How many inches are there in the diagonal of a cubic foot? and
-how many square inches in a superficies made by a plane through two
-opposite edges of the cube?
-
-
-FATHER (who has helped his son in his arithmetic at
-home)--“What did the teacher remark when you showed him your sums?”
-
-JOHNNY--“He said I was getting more stupid every day.”
-
-
-                    A “CATCH.”
-
-28.
-         2 plus 2 = 4
-         2   x  2 = 4  The sum and product are alike.
-
-Find another number that when added to itself the sum will equal its
-square.
-
-29. A man went to market with 3 baskets of oranges, which he sold at
-6d. per dozen; after paying 2s. for refreshments and his coach fare,
-he had remaining 7s. The contents of the first and second baskets
-were equal to four times the first, and the contents of the first and
-half the third were together equal to the second; if he had sold the
-second and third baskets at 4d per dozen, he would have made as much
-money as he had now remaining. What was the coach fare?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-30. A farmer has a triangular paddock, the sides of which are 900,
-750, and 600 links; he requires to cut off 3 roods and 28 perches
-therefrom by a straight fence parallel to its least side. What
-distance must be taken on the largest and intermediate sides?
-
-
-THE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND.
-
-By the aid of the following, the order of the kings and queens of
-England may be easily remembered:--
-
-    First William the Norman, then William, his son;
-    Henry, Stephen, and Henry, then Richard and John.
-    Next Henry the Third, Edwards, one, two, and three;
-    And again after Richard three Henrys we see.
-    Two Edwards, third Richard, if rightly I guess,
-    Two Henrys, sixth Edward, Queens Mary and Bess;
-    Then Jamie the Scot, then Charles, whom they slew;
-    Then followed Cromwell, another Charles, too.
-    Next James, called the Second, ascended the Throne,
-    Then William and Mary together came on.
-    Then Anne, four Georges, and fourth William past,
-    Succeeded Victoria, the youngest and last.
-
-
-31. Take from 33 the fourth, fifth, and tenth parts of a certain
-number, and the remainder is 0. What is the number?
-
-
-A WALKING MATCH.
-
-32. T bets D he can walk 7 miles to his 6 for any time or distance;
-so they agree to walk a certain distance, starting from opposite
-points. T starts from point M to walk to N. D starts from N and walks
-to M. They both started at the same moment, and met at a spot 10
-miles nearer to N than M. T arrives at N in 8 hours, and D arrives at
-M in 12½ hours after meeting. Who wins the wager? How far from M
-to N? And find the pace at which each walked?
-
-
-THE ALPHABET.
-
-The total number of different combinations of the 26 letters of the
-alphabet is 403291461126605635584000000. All the inhabitants on the
-globe could not together, in a thousand million years, write out all
-the combinations, supposing that each wrote 40 pages daily, each page
-containing 40 different combinations of the letters.
-
-
-“10 INTO 9 MUST GO.”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-33.
-    Ten weary footsore travellers, all in a woeful plight,
-    Sought shelter at a wayside inn one dark and stormy night.
-
-    “Nine rooms-no more,” the landlord said, “have I to offer you;
-    To each of eight a single bed, but the ninth must serve for two.”
-
-    A din arose; the troubled host could only scratch his head,
-    For of those tired men no two would occupy one bed.
-
-    The puzzled host was soon at ease (he was a clever man),
-    And so, to please his guests, devised this most ingenious plan.
-
-
-BOBBY (just from school)--“Mamma, I’ve got through the
-promisecue-us examples, an’ I’m into dismal fractures.”
-
-
-34. Find the expense of flooring a circular skating rink 30 feet
-in diameter at 2s. 3d. per square foot, leaving in the centre a space
-for a band kiosk in the shape of a regular hexagon, each side of which
-measures 24 inches.
-
-
-35. Gold can be hammered so thin that a grain will make 56
-square inches for leaf gilding. How many such leaves will make an
-inch thick if the weight of a cubic foot of gold is 12 cwt. 95 lbs.?
-
-
-School Inspector: “What part of speech is the word “am”?
-
-Smart Cockney Youth: “What? the ‘’am’ what you eat, sir,
-or the ’am‘ what you is?”
-
-
-MIND-READING WITH CARDS.
-
-Hand the pack (a full one) to be shuffled by as many spectators
-as wish; then propose that someone takes the pack in his hand and
-secretly chooses a card, not removing it, but noticing at what number
-it stands counting from the bottom; he then returns the pack to you.
-
-Now you have to tell what number the card is from the top. You ask
-any one of the spectators to choose any number between 40 and 50, and
-whatever number is chosen the card will appear at that number in the
-pack. Let us suppose the number chosen is 48.
-
-You then say that it is not necessary for you to even see the cards,
-which will give you a good excuse for holding them under the table,
-or behind your back. Now subtract the number chosen, 48, from 52,
-which gives remainder 4, count off that many cards from the top, and
-place them at the bottom. You next say to the gentleman who chooses
-the card, that “it is now number 48, according to the general desire,
-would you please let us know at what number it originally stood?”
-Suppose he answers 7. Then, in order to save time, you commence
-counting from the top at that number, dealing off the cards one by
-one, calling the first card 7, the next 8, and so on. When you reach
-48, it will be the card the gentleman had chosen. It is not necessary
-to limit the choice of position to between 40 and 50, but it is
-better for two reasons.
-
-First, that the number chosen be higher than that at which the card
-first stood, also the higher the number chosen, the fewer cards are
-there to slip from the top to the bottom.
-
-
-36. Divide a St. George cross, by two straight cuts, into four
-pieces, so that the pieces, when put together, will form a square.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-PARSING.
-
-“What part of speech is ‘kiss’?” asked the High School teacher.
-
-“A conjunction,” replied one of the smart girls.
-
-“Wrong,” said the teacher, severely. “Next girl.”
-
-“A noun,” put in a demure maiden.
-
-“What kind of a noun?” continued the teacher.
-
-“Well--er--it is both common and proper,” answered the shy girl, and
-she was promoted to the head of the class.
-
-
-“QUICK.”
-
-TEACHER (to class)--“What is velocity?”
-
-BRIGHT YOUTH--“Velocity is what a person puts a hot plate
-down with.”
-
-
-OFFICE RULES.
-
-     I. Gentlemen entering this Office will please
-          leave the door wide open.
-
-    II. Those having no business will please call
-          often, remain as long as possible, take a chair,
-          make themselves comfortable, and gossip with the
-          Clerks.
-
-   III. Gentlemen are requested to smoke, and
-          expectorate on the floor, especially during
-          Office Hours; Cigars and Newspapers supplied.
-
-    IV. The Money in this Office is not intended for
-          business purposes--by no means--it is solely to
-          lend. Please note this.
-
-     V. A Supply of Cash is always provided to Cash
-          Cheques for all comers, and relieve Bank Clerks
-          of their legitimate duties. Stamped cheque forms
-          given gratis.
-
-    VI. Talk loud and whistle, especially when we
-          are engaged; if this has not the desired effect,
-          sing.
-
-  VII. The Clerks receive visits from their
-          friends and their relatives; please don’t
-          interrupt them with business matters when so
-          engaged.
-
-  VIII. Gentlemen will please examine our letters,
-          and jot down the Names and Addresses of our
-          Customers, particularly if they are in the same
-          profession.
-
-    IX. As we are always glad to see old friends, it
-          will be particularly refreshing to receive visits
-          and renewal of orders from any former Customer
-          who has passed through the Bankruptcy Court, and
-          paid us not more than Sixpence in the Pound. A
-          WARM welcome may be relied on.
-
-  X. Having no occupation for our Office Boy, he
-          is entirely at the service of callers.
-
-  XI. Our Telephone is always at the disposal of
-          anyone desirous of using it.
-
-  XII. The following are kept at this Office for Public Convenience:--
-          A Stock of Umbrellas (silk), all the Local
-          Newspapers, Railway Time Tables, and other Guides
-          and Directories; also a supply of Note Paper,
-          Envelopes, and Stamps.
-
-  XIII. Should you find our principals engaged, do
-          not hesitate to interrupt them. No business can
-          possibly be of greater importance than yours.
-
-  XIV. If you have the opportunity of overhearing
-          any conversation, do not hesitate to listen. You
-          may gain information which may be useful in the
-          event of disputes arising.
-
-  XV. In case you wish to inspect our premises,
-          kindly do so during wet weather, and carry your
-          umbrella with you. We admire the effect on
-          the floor; it gives an air of comfort to the
-          establishment. (The Umbrella Stand is only for
-          ornament, and on no account to be used).
-
-_P.S.--Our hours for listening to Commercial Travellers, Beggars,
-Hawkers, and Advertising Men are all day. We attend to our Business
-at Night only._
-
-
-A NEW WAY OF PUTTING IT.
-
-    “Dirty days hath September,
-    April, June and November;
-    From January up to May,
-    The rain it raineth every day.
-    All the rest have thirty-one,
-    Without a blessed gleam of sun;
-    And if any of them had two and thirty,
-    They’d be just as wet and twice as dirty.”
-
-
-Does the top of a carriage wheel move faster than the bottom? This
-question seems absurd. That the top moves faster, however, is
-perfectly correct; for if not it would simply move round in the same
-place: in a wheel on a fixed axle the bottom moves backward as fast
-as the top moves forward; but in a wheel that is going forward,
-drawn by a progressive axle, the bottom does not go back at all, but
-remains almost stationary until it is its turn to rise and go forward.
-
-
-37. A General, arranging his army in a solid square, finds he has 284
-men to spare, but on increasing the sides of the square by one man,
-he wants 25 men to complete the square. How many men has he?
-
-
-“STEWING.”
-
-38. A student reads two lines more of “Virgil” each day than he did
-the day before, and finds that, having read a certain quantity in
-18 days, he will read at this rate the same quantity in the next 14
-days. How much will he read in the whole time?
-
-
-39. Two bootmakers who lived in the town of B., thrown out of
-employment, resolved to go to G., a town 24 miles north from B.,
-where there is a large factory; one of them went straight on to G.,
-but the other went first to C., a small township west of B., and then
-went direct to G., his whole journey being 45 miles. What is the
-distance from C. to G.?
-
-
-40. A tree which grows each year 1 inch less than the previous year,
-grew a yard in the first year; the value of the tree at any time is
-equal to the number of pence in the cube of the number of yards of
-its height. What is the value of the tree when done growing?
-
-
-THIS OFTEN “STICKS” PEOPLE UP.
-
-41. What two odd numbers multiplied together make 7?
-
-
-MAGIC SQUARES.
-
-A Magic Square is a series of figures arranged in the equal divisions
-of a square in such a manner that the figures in each row when added
-up, whether horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, form exactly the
-same sum.
-
-They have been called “Magic” because the ancients ascribed to them
-great virtues, and because this arrangement of numbers formed the
-basis and principle of their talismans. Archimedes devoted a great
-amount of attention to them, which has caused a great many to speak
-of them as “the squares of Archimedes.” They may be either odd or
-even. When the former, the following method will be found valuable:--
-
-With the digits from 1 to 25 form a square so that the numbers when
-added up horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will amount to 65.
-
-_Method._--Imagine an exterior line of squares above the magic square
-you wish to form, and another on the right hand of it. These two
-imaginary lines are shown in the diagram.
-
-
-         18   25    2    9
-  +----+----+----+----+----+
-  | 17 | 24 |  1 |  8 | 15 | 17
-  +----+----+----+----+----+
-  | 23 |  5 |  7 | 14 | 16 | 23
-  +----+----+----+----+----+
-  |  4 |  6 | 13 | 20 | 22 | 4
-  +----+----+----+----+----+
-  | 10 | 12 | 19 | 21 |  3 | 10
-  +----+----+----+----+----+
-  | 11 | 18 | 25 |  2 |  9 |
-  +----+----+----+----+----+
-
-1st. In placing the numbers in the square, we must go in the
-ascending diagonal direction from left to right, any number which, by
-pursuing this direction, would fall into the exterior line must be
-carried along that line of squares, whether vertical or horizontal,
-to the last square. Thus, 1 having been placed in the centre of the
-top row, 2 would fall into the exterior square above the fourth
-vertical line; then ascending diagonally 3 falls into the square
-diagonally from 2, but 4 falls out of it to the end of a horizontal
-line, and it must be carried along that line to the extreme left and
-there placed. Resuming our diagonal ascension to the right we place 5
-where the reader sees it, and would place 6 in the middle of the top
-row, but as we find 1 is already there we look for the direction to
-
-2nd. That when in ascending diagonally we come to a square already
-occupied, we must place the number which, according to the 1st rule
-should go into that occupied square directly under the last number
-placed: thus, in ascending with 4, 5, 6, the 6 must be placed under
-the 5, because the square next to 5 in diagonal direction is occupied.
-
-
-A Promising Sign--I O U.
-
-
-HOW TO FIND THE TOTAL OF A ROW OF FIGURES IN A MAGIC SQUARE.
-
-_Rule._--Multiply half the sum of the extremes by the square root of
-the greatest extreme.
-
-Referring to the example given above, we see that the extremes 1 and
-25 added equal 26--half of which is 13; this multiplied by 5 (the
-square root of 25) gives 65 as the total for each row.
-
-Again, in the next question, the two extremes 1 and 81 equal 82, half
-of this sum is 41, which multiplied by 9 (the square root of 81)
-gives 369 as the total for each row.
-
-
-42. Arrange the figures from 1 to 81 in a square that when added up
-horizontally, vertically, or diagonally the sum will be 369.
-
-
-HOW THEY WORKED IT.
-
-Mick and Pat, working in the country some distance from a hotel,
-arranged with the landlord to take to their hut a small keg of rum.
-They were unable to pay for the liquor at the time, having only one
-threepenny piece between them; but Mick proposed that every time he
-had a drink he would give Pat threepence, and Pat also agreed to
-pay Mick for his drinks, the cash thus gathered to be brought to
-the publican when the keg was empty. This proposal was accepted by
-the publican, the keg of rum handed over to the two Irishmen, who
-immediately started on their journey. They had not proceeded very far
-before their burden made them thirsty. Mick is the first to pull up
-with: “Hold on, Pat, I think I’ll have a drink.” “Begorra,” replied
-Pat, “you’ll have to pay me for it then.” Mick hands the 3d. to Pat
-before having a good “pull.” Pat now being the possessor of the price
-of a drink, slakes his thirst by paying Mick 3d. for it. This form
-of payment is kept up till the rum has disappeared. On their next
-visit to the hotel, the 3d piece is handed to the landlord as being
-payment, according to terms of agreement adopted by him.
-
-
-43. Arrange the figure’s from 1 to 9 in a square, so that they will
-add up to 15, horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
-
-44.
-
-[Illustration: N.B.--Note this:]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-45. A man sold a horse for £35 and half as much as he gave for it,
-and gained thereby 10 guineas. What did he pay for the horse?
-
-
-THE DISHONEST SERVANT.
-
-46. A gentleman having bought 28 bottles of wine, and suspecting his
-servant of tampering with the contents of the wine cellar, caused
-these bottles to be arranged in a bin in such a way as to count 9
-bottles on each side. Nothwithstanding this precaution, the servant
-in two successive visits stole 8 bottles--4 each time--re-arranging
-the bottles each time so that they still counted 9 on a side. How did
-he do it?
-
-  +-------------+
-  | 2    5    2 |
-  |             |
-  |             |
-  | 5         5 |
-  |             |
-  |             |
-  | 2    5    2 |
-  +-------------+
-
-
-FATHER--“You are very backward in your arithmetic. When I was
-your age I was doing cube roots.”
-
-BOY--“What’s them?”
-
-FATHER--“What! You don’t know what they are? My! my! that’s
-terrible! There, give me your pencil. Now, we take, say, 28764289,
-and find the cube root. First, you divide--no, you point off--no--let
-me see?--um--yes--no--don’t stand there grinning like a Cheshire cat;
-go upstairs and stay in your bedroom for an hour.”
-
-
-A “TAKE-DOWN” WITH CARDS.
-
-This is a card trick which depends upon a certain “key,” the
-possessor of which will always have the advantage over his
-uninstructed adversary. It is played with the first six of each
-suit--the four aces in one row, next row the deuces, threes,
-fours, fives and sixes. The object now will be to turn down cards
-alternately, and endeavour to make thirty-one points by so turning
-without over-running that number. The chief point is to count so as
-to end with the following numbers: 3, 10, 17 or 24.
-
-For instance, we will suppose it your privilege to commence the
-count; you would commence with 3, and your adversary would add 6,
-which would make 9; it would be then your policy to add 1 and make
-10; then, no matter what number he adds he cannot prevent you making
-17, which gives you the command of the trick. We will suppose he adds
-6 and make 16; then you add 1 and make 17; then he to add 6 and make
-23, you add 1 and make 24; then he cannot add any number to make 31,
-as the highest number he can add is 6, which would only count 30, so
-that you can easily add the remaining 1 and make 31.
-
-If your adversary is not wary, you may safely turn indifferent
-numbers at the beginning, trusting to his ignorance to let you count
-17 or 24; but, as his knowledge increases, he will soon learn that 24
-is a critical number, and to play for it accordingly.
-
-If both players know the trick, the first to play must be the winner,
-as he is sure to begin with a 3, which commands the game.
-
-
-ON AN OFFICE DOOR IN GOULBURN.
-
-    A baptism in Hades’ depths,
-      As hot as boiling tar,
-    Awaits the man who quits this room
-      And leaves the door ajar.
-    But he who softly shuts the door
-      Shall dwell among the blest--
-    Where the wicked cease from troubling
-      And the weary are at rest.
-
-
-47. There are 5 eggs on a dish; divide them amongst 5 persons so that
-each will get 1 egg and yet 1 still remain on the dish.
-
-
-48. If a goose weighs 10 lbs. and a half of its own weight, what is
-the weight of the goose?
-
-
-THE GEOMETRICAL WONDER AND ARITHMETICAL ABSURDITY.
-
-Take a piece of cardboard 13 inches long and 5 wide, thus giving a
-surface of 65 inches. Cut this strip diagonally, giving two pieces
-in the shape of a triangle, and measure exactly 5 inches from the
-larger end of each strip and cut in two pieces. Take these strips and
-put them into the shape of an exact square, and it will appear to be
-just 8 inches each way, or 64 inches--a loss of one square inch of
-superficial measurement with no diminution of surface.
-
-[Illustration: 5 × 13 = 65 square inches.]
-
-
-49. If we buy 20 sheep for 20 shillings, and give 2s. for wethers,
-1s. 6d. for ewes, and 4d. for lambs, how many of each must we buy?
-
-
-50. A sets out from a place and travels 5 miles an hour. B sets out
-4½ hours after A and travels in the same direction 3 miles in the
-first hour, 3½ miles the second hour, 4 miles the third hour, and
-so on. In how many hours will B overtake A?
-
-
-OFTEN ASKED.
-
-51. What is the difference between 4 square miles and 4 miles square?
-
-
-TO TELL THE NUMBER THOUGHT OF ON A CLOCK.
-
-Ask a person to think of any number on the dial of a clock; you then
-point, promiscuously at the various numbers, telling the person to
-add the number of times you point to the number he thought of, and
-when the total reaches 20, you will be pointing at the number he
-selected.
-
-For instance, suppose he selected the number 5. You point
-indifferently 7 times at the various numbers, but the 8th time your
-pointer must be at XII., his addition will then be 13 (for 5 and 8
-added equal 13), the next at XI., his addition then 14, next at X.,
-and so on. When he calls 20, you will be pointing at the number he
-thought of--5.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-A very amusing experiment is to ask a person to write down the
-figures around the dial of a clock. Nearly all know that the figures
-are generally the Roman numerals; but, in writing them down, when
-they come to the four, it is very often written IV. instead of IIII.
-
-It is said that a certain king, being unable to find any other fault
-in a clock that had been constructed for him, declared that the
-figure four should be represented by four strokes (IIII) instead
-of IV. In vain did the clock-maker point out the mistake, for his
-majesty adhered obstinately to his own opinion, and angrily ordered
-the alteration to be made. This was done, and the precedent thus
-formed has been followed by clockmakers ever since.
-
-
-52. At dinner table: one great grandfather, 2 grandfathers, 1
-grandmother, 3 fathers, 2 mothers, 4 children, 3 grandchildren,
-1 great grandchild, 3 sisters, 1 brother, 2 husbands, 2 wives, 1
-mother-in-law, 1 father-in-law, 2 brothers-in-law, 3 sisters-in-law,
-2 uncles, 3 aunts, 1 nephew, 2 nieces, and 2 cousins. How many
-persons?
-
-
-  “Can February March?” he asked.
-  “No, but April May,” was the reply.
-  “Look here, old man, you are out of June.”
-  “Don’t July about it.”
-  “It is not often one gets the better of your August personage.”
-  “Ha! now you have me Noctober.”
-  And then there was work for the coroner.
-
-
-PANCAKE DAY.
-
-53. On Shrove Tuesday last, I’ll tell you what pass’d
-        In a neighbouring gentleman’s kitchen,
-    Where pancakes were making, with eggs, and with bacon
-        As good as e’er cut off a flitchen.
-    The cook-maid she makes four lusty pancakes
-        For William her favourite gardener,
-    “Pray be quick with that four,” cries Jack, “and make more,
-        For William won’t let me go partner.”
-    Being sparing of lard, the pan’s bottom she marr’d
-        In making the last of Will’s four;
-    So she said, “Pr’ythee, John, run and borrow a pan,
-        Or else I can’t make any more.”
-    Jack soon got a pan, but found by his span
-        That the first was more wide than the latter,
-    This being a foot o’er, whereas that before
-        Was three inches more and a quarter.
-    Jack cries, “Don’t me cozen, but make half a dozen.
-        For the pan is much less than before;”
-    Says Will, “For a crown (and I’ll put the cash down)
-        Your six will be more than my four.”
-    “Tis done,” says brisk Jack, and his crown he did stake,
-        So both of them sent for a gauger;
-    The dimensions he takes, of all their pancakes,
-        To determine this important wager.
-    He found, by his stick, they were equally thick,
-        So one of Will’s cakes he did take,
-    Which he straight cut in twain, twelve one-fifth[1] the chord line;
-        And gave the less piece unto Jack.
-    “To the best of my skill,” says the gauger, “this will
-        Make both of your shares equal and true;”
-    Will swore that he lied, so, the point to decide,
-        They refer themselves, sirs, unto you;
-    Then pray give your answers, as soon as you can, sirs,
-        For what with their quarrels and jars,
-    We’re afraid of some murder, for no day goes over
-        But they fight, and are cover’d with scars!
-
-[Illustration]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-[1] Inches.
-
-
-A Great Prophet--100 per cent.
-
-
-
-
-Interesting Items About the Almanac.
-
-
-The reason why February has only 28 days, while the other months have
-30 and 31 is attributable to the vanity of the Emperor Augustus.
-His uncle and predecessor corrected the calendar, arranging the
-year almost as we have it now; he gave to the year 12 months, or
-365¼ days. The months were--March (the first month), April, May,
-June, Quintilis, Sextiles, September, October, November, December,
-January, and February (the latter being the last month of the year,
-which among the Romans had consisted originally of 10 months). Cæsar
-ordered that the year should begin with January, and divided the
-days among them thus: January, March, May, Quintilis, September,
-and November each had 31 days; April, June, Sextiles, October and
-December had 30 days each; and February (the last month added to the
-year) had 29 days regularly and a 30th day every fourth year. After
-Julius Cæsar’s death, Mark Antony changed the name of Quintilis to
-July as we have it now. Augustus wanted a month for himself, and
-wanted it as long as his uncle’s month, so he took Sextiles for his
-and changed the name to August. Then he took February’s 29th day and
-added it to August, so that it might have 31 days; and, to avoid
-having 3 months of 31 days each in succession, September and November
-were reduced to 30 days, and October and December increased to 31
-days each.
-
-
-Previous to the year 1752, the legal year in England commenced on
-the 25th March. In that year it was enacted that the legal year
-should begin on 1st January. The change brought the calendar into
-unison with the actual state of the solar year. It is curious that
-in Scotland the change which made the legal year begin on January
-1st was effected in 1600. For some time after the change in England,
-legal documents contained two dates for the period intervening
-between 1st January and 25th March--that of the old year and that of
-the new.
-
-
-During the time of Oliver Cromwell, Christmas Day was described as a
-superstitious festival, and put down in England by the strong hand of
-the law.
-
-
-There has been a superstitious notion that Fools’ Day dated back to
-the time of Noah’s Ark. The dove that was sent forth from the Ark is
-supposed to have returned on April 1st.
-
-
-THE MOST REMARKABLE MONTH was February, 1866. It had no full
-moon. January had two full moons, and so had March, but February had
-none. This had not occurred since the creation of the world, and it
-will not occur again, so scientists tell us.
-
-_All Fools’ Day_ had it’s origin in France, before the time of the
-Reformed Calendar. When the year commenced on March 25th, the French
-frequently paid their New Year’s visits and bestowed their gifts on
-April 1st, as March 25th occurred in Passion Week. After the adoption
-of the new calendar, however, these New Year’s observances took place
-on January 1st, and it was a common thing for people to forget the
-change of date. Pretended presents and mock ceremonial visits became
-common, and the persons thus imposed on were known as April fish,
-_i.e._, a mackerel, which, like a fool, is easily caught. Hence,
-All Fools’ Day.
-
-
-54. Being at the summit of a tower 400 ft. high, I dropped a cricket
-ball from my hand, causing it to alight on a ledge 260 ft. from the
-base, over which it rolled and fell to the earth: supposing that
-1½ seconds were occupied by the rolling of the ball over the
-ledge, how many seconds elapsed from the ball leaving my hand till it
-touched the earth, and what was the acquired velocity at the moment
-of contact?
-
-
-PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION.
-
-In one of our great public schools a master known to successive
-generations of his pupils for fifty years as “old Buggus” delighted
-in surprising his boys with strange sayings and doings. On one
-occasion, desirous of illustrating a question in the arithmetic
-lesson, he said to a boy, “I am a tripe merchant, and this platform
-is my shop. You will come here and buy a pound of tripe. Now, begin.”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-“Please, I want a pound of tripe,” said a boy, sauntering up.
-“Where’s your money?” demanded old Buggus, hoping to put the boy out
-of countenance.
-
-“Where’s your tripe?” was the ready retort; but it gained for its
-unfortunate author four hours’ detention on the next holiday.
-
-
-55. A syphon would empty a cistern in 48 minutes, a tap would fill it
-in 36. How long will it take to fill the cistern when both taps are
-in action?
-
-
-Born to rule--a book-keeper.
-
-
-“MORE HASTE LESS SPEED.”
-
-56. A compositor, hurrying whilst setting up type for an arithmetic
-book--“How to Become Quick at Figures”--accidentally dropped the work
-of a problem; unfortunately he mislaid the copy, and all that he
-remembered was that both multiplicand and multiplier consisted of two
-figures. The scattered type represented the following figures:--1, 2,
-3, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9. With the aid of a pencil and a piece of
-paper the compositor managed after a while to rearrange the figures
-in their proper place. What was the problem?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-PROFITABLE CARELESSNESS.
-
-A very amusing story is told of a harness-maker who lived some years
-ago in London. He had a handsome saddle in his shop, occupying a
-conspicuous position therein. On his return from luncheon one day he
-observed that the saddle was gone. Calling to his foreman, he said:
-
-“John, who has bought the saddle?”
-
-“I’m sure I don’t know, sir,” said the foreman, scratching his head
-as if he were trying to think. “I cannot tell, and the worst part of
-it is, it hasn’t been paid for. While I was at work in the back of
-the shop a gentleman came in, priced it, decided to take it, told
-me to charge it, and throwing it into his trap, drove off, before I
-could think to ask his name.”
-
-“That was very stupid of you,” said the harness-maker, disposed to be
-angry at the man’s carelessness. “Very likely we have been robbed.”
-
-“I don’t think that sir,” said the foreman, “for I’m very sure that
-the gentleman has traded here before.”
-
-“Well, I can’t afford to lose the money,” said the harness-maker.
-“We’ll have to find out who took it and send him the bill. Ah!” he
-added, with a smile, after a moment’s reflection, “I have it. We’ll
-charge it up to the account of every one of our customers who keep
-open accounts here. Those who didn’t get it will refuse to pay, so we
-shall be all right.”
-
-“The book-keeper was instructed to do this, and the bills in due
-course of time went out. Some weeks later the harness-maker asked the
-book-keeper if he had succeeded in discovering who the customer was.
-
-“No, sir,” he replied, “and we never shall, I fear, sir, for about 40
-people have paid for it already without saying a word.”
-
-
-A CYCLE CATCH.
-
-Tie a cord to the pedal of a bicycle, such pedal to be the one that
-is the nearer to the ground, and, standing behind the back wheel,
-pull the cord, when, strange as it appears, the machine will come
-towards you, although everyone would first imagine that the bicycle
-would move forward. How is this?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-One ought to have dates at one’s finger ends seeing they grow upon
-the palms.
-
-
-TO TELL THE SPOTS ON THE BOTTOM CARDS OF SIX HEAPS.
-
-Allow anyone to choose six cards from a full pack. Tell him the
-court cards count 10, and the other cards according to their pips.
-Having made his selection, tell him to lay the chosen cards upon the
-table face downwards, without allowing you to see them, and to place
-upon each as many cards as pips are required to make 12. Whilst he
-is doing so, you should be out of the room or blindfolded. On your
-return he hands you the cards left over, and you have to tell the
-total number of spots on the six bottom cards.
-
-Suppose he had chosen 10, 6, 1, K, 3 and 7, which totals 37, now
-on the 10, he would place two cards to make 12; on the 6, he would
-place 6; and on the 1, 11 would be placed, and so on. On receiving
-the remaining cards from him you pretend to be looking through them
-carefully, but you simply want to know how many he has given you,
-which in the above example would be 11. To this number you add 26,
-which gives 37, the total spots required.
-
-Should there not be enough cards left on hand to complete the six
-heaps, you can ask him how many cards he is short of, and this
-number, subtracted from 25, will give the total. It is better not to
-allow the person to choose six cards right off at the beginning, but
-for him to shuffle and cut the pack as he pleases, and to take the
-cards as they come.
-
-
-BOOK-KEEPING COMMANDMENTS.
-
-By _Ledger_ laws, what I receive Is _Debtor_ made to those who
-give. _Stock_ for my debts must Debtor be, and Creditor by Property.
-_Profit and Loss_ accounts are plain, I Debit loss and Credit gain.
-
-
-57. How far does a man walk while planting a field of corn 285 feet
-square, the rows being 3 ft apart from the fence?
-
-
-A MATTER OF OPINION.
-
-A man walks round a pole on the top of which is a monkey. As the man
-moves, the monkey turns on the top of the pole, so as still to keep
-face to face with the man. Now, when the man has gone round the pole,
-has he or has he not gone round the monkey?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-TRY IT.
-
-Take the number 15, multiply it by itself, and you have 225; now
-multiply 225 by itself, then multiply that product by itself, and
-so on until 15 products have been multiplied by themselves in turn.
-The final product called for contains 38,539 figures (the first of
-which is 1412). Allowing three figures to an inch, the answer would
-be over 1070 feet long. To perform the operation would require about
-50,000,000 figures. If they can be made at the rate of 100 a minute,
-a person working 10 hours a day for 300 days in each year would be 28
-years on the job.
-
-
-PATHETIC ADVERTISING.
-
-“Died, on the 11th ultimo., at his shop in Fleet-street, Mr. Edward
-Jones much regretted by all who knew and dealt with him. As a man,
-he was amiable; as a hatter, upright and moderate. His virtues were
-beyond all price, and his beaver hats were only £1 4s each. He has
-left a widow to deplore his loss, and a large stock to be sold cheap
-for the benefit of his family. He was snatched to the other world in
-the prime of life, and just as he had concluded an extensive purchase
-of felt, which he got so cheap that the widow can supply hats at
-a more moderate charge than any house in London. His disconsolate
-family will carry on his business with punctuality.”
-
-
-58. In one corner of a hexagonal grass paddock each of the sides of
-which is 40 yards long, a horse is tethered with a rope 50 yards
-long. How many square yards can he graze over?
-
-
-59. A and B start together from the same point on a circular path,
-and walk till they both arrive together at the starting point. If A
-performs the circuit in 224 seconds and B in 364 seconds, how many
-times do they each walk round?
-
-
-“IF.”
-
-If you could sell the sea at 1d. per 10,000 gallons, it would bring
-in 155 billion pounds. If you were to try and pump it dry, at the
-rate of 1,000 gallons per second, it would take 12,000 million years.
-There is always an “if” in these things!
-
-60. A lady met a gentleman in the street. The gentleman said “I think
-I know you.” The lady said he ought, as his mother was her mother’s
-only daughter. What relation was he?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-A CRICKET “CATCH.”
-
-61. In an eleven, when the ninth batsman goes in, how many wickets
-have to fall before all are out?
-
-
-62. A boat’s crew can row eight miles an hour in still water; what
-is the speed of a river’s current if it takes them 2 hours and 40
-minutes to row 8 miles up and 8 miles down?
-
-
-BAD WRITING.
-
-In a well-known firm in Sydney the clerks are presided over by a
-rather impetuous manager, whose violent fits of temper very often
-dominate his reason. For instance, the other day he was wiring into
-one of them about his bad work.
-
-“Look here, Jones,” he thundered, “this won’t do. These figures are a
-perfect disgrace to a clerk! I could get an office boy to make better
-figures than those, and I tell you I won’t have it! Now, look at that
-five, it looks just like a three. What do you mean, sir, by making
-such beastly figures? Explain!”
-
-“I--er beg your pardon, sir,” suggested the trembling clerk, his
-heart fluttering terribly, “but--er well, you see, sir, it is three.”
-
-“A three?” roared the manager; “why, it looks just like a five!”
-
-
-63. Write 24 with three equal figures, neither of them being 8.
-
-
-THE WRONG COLUMN.
-
-64. A clerk, while posting from day book to ledger, transposed an
-amount by placing the pence in the shilling column and the shillings
-in the pence column, thereby causing an error of 9s. 2d. With what
-amount could he make such a mistake?
-
-
-EDUCATIONAL VAGARIES.
-
-_Extracts from Reports of Country Provisional Schools._
-
-School No. 1: On roll, 1 boy, 1 girl; total, 2. Average attendance,
-0·6 boy, 0·6 girl; total, 1·2.
-
-School No. 2: On roll, 2 boys, 2 girls; total 4. Average attendance,
-1·6 boys, 1·3 girls; total, 2·9.
-
-School No. 3: On roll, 2 boys, no girls. Average attendance, 0·8 boys.
-
-By the above we see the public are paying for a teacher to provide
-education for eight-tenths of a boy!
-
-
-65.
-      Three-fourths of a cross, and a circle complete,
-      Two semi-circles at a perpendicular meet;
-      Next add a triangle which stands on two feet,
-      Two semi-circles and a circle complete.
-
-
-A DISPUTE.
-
-66. Two men have an equal interest in a grindstone, which is 5 ft.
-6 in. in diameter. The centre of the stone, to the extent of a
-diameter of 18 in., is useless, and not to be taken into account.
-
-Required to find the depth to which the first partner may be allowed
-to grind away from the stone in order to leave an equal share of the
-stone to the second partner.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-BANK NOTE VERSE.
-
-On the backs of bank notes one sometimes meets with strange
-and peculiar sentiments. “Go, poor devil, get thee gone,” is the
-kind of parting salutation most in favour; but the following is chiefly
-notable as a rare instance of the bank-note rhymester parting with
-his money in a Christian spirit:
-
-    Farewell, my note, and wheresoe’er ye wend,
-    Shun gaudy scenes, and be the poor man’s friend;
-    You’ve left a poor one--go to one as poor;
-    And drive despair and hunger from his door.
-
-
-An Irish merchant, who felt annoyed at a complaining letter he
-received from a customer, wrote back:--“We decline to acknowledge the
-receipt of yours of the 15th.”
-
-
-If to-day is the to-morrow of yesterday, is to-day the yesterday of
-to-morrow?
-
-67. Suppose that four poor men build their houses around a pond, and
-that afterwards four evil-disposed rich men build houses at the back
-of the poor people--as shown in illustration--and wish to have a
-monopoly of the water: how can they erect a fence so as to shut the
-poor people off from the pond?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-SOME TRADE SIGNS AND MOTTOES.
-
-Many curious inscriptions are to be found displayed on shop windows,
-office doors, etc.
-
-Here are a few:--
-
-A Pawnbroker.--“Mine is a business of the greatest interest.”
-
-A Flourishing Bootmaker.--“Don’t you wish you were in my shoes?”
-
-A Publican.--“Good beer sold here, but don’t take my word for it.”
-
-A Hairdresser.--“Two heads are better than one.”
-
-A Carter.--“Excelsior--hire and hire.”
-
-A Baker.--“The staff of life I do supply, by it you live and so must I.”
-
-A Butcher.--“We kill to dress, not dress to kill.”
-
-A Builder.--“I send innocent men to the ‘scaffold.’”
-
-A Clerk.--“I possess more pens than pounds.”
-
-A Dentist.--“I look ‘down in the mouth’ and am happy.”
-
-A Doctor.--“I take pains to remove pains.”
-
-A Hatter.--“I shelter ‘the heir apparent’ and protect ‘the crown.’“
-
-A Photographer.--“Mine is a developing business and mounting rapidly.”
-
-A Solicitor.--“I study the law--and the profits.”
-
-An Undertaker.--“No complaints from our customers.”
-
-
-RIVAL BUTCHERS.
-
-T. JONES.--“Sausages, 3d. per lb.--to pay more is to be
-robbed.”
-
-J. SMITH.--“Sausages, 4d. per lb.--to pay less is to be
-poisoned.”
-
-
-A French confectioner, proud of his English, and wishing to let his
-customers know that their wants would be attended to without delay,
-put out the notice, “Short weights here.”
-
-A shopkeeper in the old country had printed under his name “The
-little rascal.” When asked the meaning of this strange sign, he
-replied, “It distinguishes me from the rest of my trade, who are all
-great rascals.”
-
-
-On an Office Door.--“Shut this door, and as soon as you have done
-talking on business, serve your mouth the same way.”
-
-
-“SHE.”
-
-68.
-        A country spark addressed a charming “she,”
-        In whom all lovely features did agree;
-        But being void of numbers, as doth show,
-        Desirous was the lady’s age to know.
-        “My age is such that if multiplied by three,
-        Two-sevenths of the product triple be:
-        The square root of two-ninths of that is four;--
-        Tell me my age or never see me more.”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-RUNNING SHORT.
-
-69. A vessel on a 3 months’ trip has provisions for 4 months, but
-the stores are served out as if the voyage had to be completed in 3
-months. At the end of 2 months, it is discovered that the voyage will
-take 3½ months. To what proportion must the rations be reduced for
-the remaining time?
-
-
-In a certain town in the North of Queensland, a class of young
-men was formed to receive lessons in short methods of business
-arithmetic. The teacher was endeavouring to knock into the head of
-a young man that the cost of a dozen articles is the same number of
-shillings that a single article costs in pence. To illustrate the
-rule, he gave the following example:--
-
-“If I buy 1 dozen apples at 1d each, then the dozen will cost 1
-shilling; and if I buy 1 dozen oranges at 2 pence each, the dozen
-will cost 2 shillings. Now, supposing I buy 1 dozen at 3 pence each,
-how much will the dozen cost?”
-
-YOUNG MAN (after two minutes’ reflection)--“Are they apples
-or oranges?”
-
-
-A DRAUGHTS PUZZLE.
-
-70. Ten draughtsmen are placed in a row. The puzzle is to lift one up
-and passing over two at a time (neither more nor less) to place it on
-the top, or to “crown” the next one, continuing in this fashion until
-all are crowned. In passing over a piece already crowned, it is to be
-reckoned as two pieces.
-
-
-71. In the centre of a pond 20 feet square there is a small island,
-on which is growing a tree. Two boys notice there is a bird’s nest
-on the top of the tree, but the difficulty is to reach the island,
-as they have 2 short planks that only measure 8 feet each. After a
-little while they hit on an ingenious plan, and, without nailing the
-planks together, manage to place them so they can reach the tree in
-safety. How did they do it?
-
-
-TEACHER--“Now, I want all the children to look at Tommy’s
-hands, and see how clean they are, and see if all of you cannot come
-to school with cleaner hands. Tommy, perhaps, will tell us how he
-keeps them so nice?”
-
-TOMMY--“Yes ’m; mother makes me wash the breakfast things
-every morning.”
-
-
-BRAIN-BEWILDERERS.
-
-An amusing periodical got up by the boys of a certain college gives a
-capital skit on the style of examination-papers frequently presented
-for the torture of pupils. Here are a few examples:--
-
-Supposing the River Murray to be three cubits in breadth--which
-it isn’t--what is the average height of the Alps, stocks being at
-nineteen and a-half?
-
-If in autumn apples cost fourpence per pound in Melbourne, and
-potatoes a shilling a score in spring, when will greengages be sold
-in Brisbane at three-halfpence each, Sydney oranges being at a
-discount of five per cent.?
-
-If two men can kill twelve kangaroos in going up the right side of a
-rectangular turnip-field, how many would be killed by five men and a
-terrier pup in going down the other side?
-
-If a milkmaid four feet ten inches in height, while sitting on a
-three-legged stool, took four pints of milk out of every fifteen
-cows, what was the size of the field in which the animals grazed, and
-what was the girl’s name, age, and the occupation of her grandfather?
-
-If thirty thousand millions of human beings have lived since the
-beginning of the world, how many may we safely say will die before
-the end of it? N.B.--This example to be worked out by simple
-subtraction, algebra, and the rule of three. Compare results.
-
-
-72. Find two numbers in the proportion of 9 to 7 such as the square
-of their sum shall be equal to the cube of their difference.
-
-
-
-
-ARITHMETICAL THOUGHT READING.
-
-
-A great deal of fun can be derived from puzzles of this nature--they
-are endless in variety--and as they depend upon some principle in
-arithmetic should be easily remembered.
-
-Example 1.
-            Think of a number, say                         5
-            Double it                                     10
-            Add 5                                         15
-            Add 12                                        27
-            Take away 3                                   24
-            Halve it                                      12
-            Take away number first thought of--5
-            The answer will _always_ be                    7
-
-
-Example 2.
-            Think of a number, say                         8
-            Square it                                     64
-            Subtract the square of the number which is
-              1 less than the number thought of--that
-              is 7--whose square is 49--leaves            15
-            Add 1                                         16
-
-When this last number is told, halve it, and you will arrive at
-the original number--8.
-
-
-Example 3.
-            Think of a number, say                         9
-            Multiply by 3                                 27
-            Add 2                                         29
-            Multiply by 3                                 87
-            Add 2 more than the number thought of (11)    98
-
-The number of _tens_ in the last answer gives the number thought
-of, viz., 9.
-
-
-Example 4.
-            Think of a number, say                         7
-            Multiply by 3                                 21
-            [If product be odd] add 1                     22
-            Halve it                                      11
-            Multiply by 3                                 33
-            [If product be odd] add 1                     34
-            Halve it                                      17
-
-Ask how many 9’s are in the remainder, when, of course, the reply
-will be 1.
-
-The secret is to bear in mind whether the first sum be odd or even.
-If odd first time, retain 1 in the memory; if odd a second time, 2
-more, making 3; to which add 4 for every 9 contained in the remainder.
-
-In the above example, there being only one 9 in 17, this gives us 4,
-which added to 3 produces the number thought of--7. When even simply
-add 4 for every 9 in remainder.
-
-
-HOW TO TELL THE AGE OF A PERSON.
-
-Tell a person to write down the figure which represents the day of
-the week on which he was born;--thus, 1 for Sunday, 2 for Monday, and
-so on; next, the figure for the month--1 for January, 2 for February,
-&c.; then the date of the month; now tell him to multiply the number
-thus formed by 2, add 5, multiply by 50, and then to add his age, and
-from this sum to subtract 365; now you ask him for the remainder, to
-which you _secretly_ add 115.
-
-The result will be:--The first figure, the day of the week; the next,
-the month in the year; the next, the date of the month; and the last,
-the age in years.
-
-Example:
-
-A person was born on Wednesday, 11th June, 1863.
-
-    Write 4, as Wednesday is 4th day of the week.
-      "   6, as June is 6th month of year.
-      "  11, as that is the date given, 11th June.
-
-  The figures then are--      4611
-                                 2
-                              ----
-                              9222
-                                 5
-                              ----
-                              9227
-                                50
-                            ------
-                            461350
-                                35  Age
-                            ------
-                            461385
-                               365
-                            ------
-                            461020
-                               115
-                          --------
-                         4-6-11-35
-
-
-A GOOD FIGURE TRICK.
-
-Tell a person to set down a sum of money less than £12, in which
-the pounds exceed the pence; next to reverse this amount, making
-pence pounds, etc., and to subtract the one from the other, then
-set beneath the result itself reversed, adding the last two lines
-together, when you will tell him the result, which will _always_
-be £12 18s. 11d.
-
-  Example:  £10  8  7
-              7  8 10
-             --------
-              2 19  9
-              9 19  2
-             --------
-            £12 18 11
-
-If the performer be blindfolded the trick looks very mystifying;
-he should not, however, repeat it, for many would soon discover
-the secret, but as the peculiarity is not confined to money, other
-illustrations can be given if required--for instance--if a number of
-yds., ft. and inches (less than 12 yds.) be operated on, the final
-answer will always be 12 yds. 1 ft. 11 inches; and if a number of
-cwts., qrs. and lbs. (less than 28 cwts.) be chosen, the answer will
-always be 28 cwts. 2 qrs. 27 lbs.
-
-
-“Girls” and “Boys.”
-
-At a school examination, the inspector set the girls to write an
-essay on “Boys” and the boys to write one on “Girls.”
-
-The following was handed in by a girl of 12:--
-
-“The boy is not an animal, yet they can be heard to a considerable
-distance. When a boy hollers he opens his big mouth like frogs, but
-girls hold their tongues till they are spoken to, and then they
-answer respectable, and tell just how it was. A boy thinks himself
-clever because he can wade where it is deep, but God made the dry
-land for every living thing, and rested on the seventh day. When the
-boy grows up he is called a husband, and then he stops wading and
-stays out at nights, but the grew up girl is a widow and keeps house.”
-
-One of the boys sent in:--
-
-“Girls are very stuck up and dignified in their manners and
-behaveyour. They make fun of boys, and then turn round and love them.
-Girls are the only people that have their own way every time. Girls
-is of several thousand kinds, and sometimes one girl can be like
-several 1000 girls if she wants anything. I don’t beleive they ever
-killed a cat or anything. They look out every nite and say, “Oh,
-ain’t the moon lovely!” Thir is one thing I have not told, and that
-is they always now their lessons bettern boys. This is all I now
-about girls, and father says the less I now the better for me.”
-
-
-73. The sum of the squares of two consecutive numbers is 1105.
-What are the numbers?
-
-
-A PROBLEM FOR PLUMBERS.
-
-74. A requires a tank in size capable of holding the quantity of
-water that would be caught from the roof of his house in a fall of
-3 inches of rain. The roof (commonly called a “hip-roof”) is at an
-angle of 45 degrees to the wall plates. The length of house is 30 ft.,
-breadth 24 ft., and length of ridge to roof 6 ft. But the eaves of
-the iron used for the roofing were so large as to increase its (the
-roof’s) dimensions by 3 inches all round, and the spouting added
-another 3 inches all round. Find the number of gallons the tank would
-require to contain; also dimensions of tank to be made so that its
-height must exceed its diameter by no more than 12 inches?
-
-
-“The ’embers of a dying year”--November, December.
-
-
-TO TELL THE COMPASS BY A WATCH.
-
-Hold the watch face-downwards above your head with the hour hand
-pointing towards the sun, and half-way between the hour hand and the
-figure XII will be the North.
-
-
-75. Divide 100 into two parts, so that a quarter of one exceeds
-one-third of the other by 11.
-
-
-STRANGE BUT TRUE.
-
-76. Two persons were born at the same place at the same moment of
-time; after an age of 50 years they both died also at the same place
-and at the same instant, yet one had lived 100 days more than the
-other. How was this remarkable event achieved?
-
-
-ASTRONOMICAL.
-
-77. The planet Jupiter is five times further from the sun than our
-earth, and 1331 times larger. Assuming that the diameter of the earth
-is 7912 miles, find Jupiter’s diameter, circumference and area.
-
-
-AN UNSOLVED PROBLEM.
-
-One of the commercial questions of the day which remains to this time
-unsettled, is whether the fact of a gentleman having NO TIN may not
-have something to do with the answer he invariably sends of NOT IN
-when anyone calls on him with a bill.
-
-
-78. Find nine numbers in arithmetical progression--common difference
-3--whose sum is equal to 5670, and arrange in a square, each side
-containing three different numbers, so that, when added vertically,
-horizontally or diagonally, the sum of each three numbers will amount
-to 1890.
-
-
-79. I have a box. The pieces forming the sides are 5 ft long, and
-those forming the ends are 4 ft. broad. The box, when measured
-externally all round, measures 18 ft 4 in., and when measured all round
-internally, measures 17 ft 8 in. How can this be?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-Teacher: “Who was it that supported the world on his shoulders?”
-Bright Pupil: “It was Atlas, ma’am.” Teacher: “And who supported
-Atlas?” Bright Pupil: “The book don’t say, but I s’pose it was his
-wife.”
-
-
-ON BOTH SIDES OF A DOOR IN A MELBOURNE OFFICE.
-
-THE MAN WHO FORGETS THE DOOR.
-
-    Oh, there’s an individual who ev’rywhere abounds,
-    Thro’ trains and shops and offices he makes his busy rounds,
-    And in and out for ever he is going o’er and o’er,
-    To keep somebody after him attending to the door!
-
-    In sultry summer, when to catch a cooling breeze we’ve tried,
-    And carefully have opened every door and window wide,
-    ’Tis then you may be certain as he vanishes from sight,
-    He’ll die but that he’ll shut the door--and close it very tight!
-
-    But when the winds of winter come, with cold and biting breath,
-    Oh, then it is the awful wretch is tickled ’most to death!
-    His sense of pleasure reaches to a point that is sublime;
-    He never fails to leave the door wide open every time!
-
-
-80. A man agrees to work for £8 a year and a suit of clothes. He left
-at the end of seven months, and received £2 13s. 4d. and his clothes.
-What is the value of the suit?
-
-
-81. A bought four horses for £120. For the second he gave £3 more
-than for the first, for the third £2 more than for the second, and
-for the fourth £6 more than the third. Find price of each.
-
-
-82. With eight pieces of card of the shape of figure A, four of
-figure B and four of figure C, and of proportionate sizes, form a
-perfect square.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-83. Place four 5’s so that they shall express 6½.
-
-
-“SHE” AGAIN.
-
-84.
-        The country spark that asked the charming “she”
-        How many years of age that she might be,
-        Again asked her to tell to him in haste
-        How many inches she was round the waist.
-        “My waist is such if multiplied by four,
-        Four-fifths of product add on my age more,
-        The square root of three-fifths of this is six:
-        Now find my waist, and get out of this fix.”
-
-
-SOME LONG WORDS.
-
-The eight longest words in the language are philoprogenitiveness,
-incomprehensibleness, disproportionableness, transubstantiationalist,
-suticonstitutionalist, honourifibilitudinity, velocipedestrianistical,
-and proautionsubstantionist. The last four are not found in the best
-dictionaries, but that most hideous word,
-“Dacryocystosyringokatakleisis,” is in some of the new lexicons.
-
-
-HIS OWN GRANDFATHER.
-
-The complication of relationship brought about by marriage is the
-cause of many a family squabble, but it is seldom one hears of fatal
-results attending such matters. According to an American newspaper,
-a resident of Pennsylvania committed suicide a few days ago from a
-melancholy conviction that he was his own grandfather.
-
-The following is a copy of a singular letter he left:--“I married a
-widow who had a grown-up daughter. My father visited our house very
-often, fell in love with my step-daughter, and married her. So my
-father became my son-in-law and my step-daughter my mother, because
-she was my father’s wife. Some time afterwards my wife had a son; he
-was my father’s brother-in-law and my uncle, for he was the brother
-of my step-mother. My father’s wife--_i.e._, my step-daughter--had
-also a son; he was, of course, my brother, and in the meantime
-my grandchild, for he was the son of my daughter. My wife was my
-grandmother, because she was my mother’s mother. I was my wife’s
-husband and grandchild at the same time. And as the husband of a
-person’s grandmother is his grandfather, I was my own grandfather.”
-Thus he died, a martyr to his own existence.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-85. If 100 stones are placed on the ground, in a straight line, at
-the distance of 1 yard from each other, how far will a person travel
-who will bring them all, one by one, to a basket placed one yard from
-the first stone?
-
-
-A little boy, writing a composition on the zebra, was requested to
-describe the animal and to mention what it was useful for. After deep
-reflection, he wrote:--“The zebra is like a horse, only striped. It
-is chiefly useful to illustrate the letter Z.”
-
-
-86. I bought a horse and sold him again at 5 per cent. on my
-purchase; now, if I had given 5 per cent. less for the horse, and
-sold him for 1s. less, I would have gained 10 per cent. What was the
-original cost?
-
-
-87. Find three numbers such that the first with half of the other
-two, the second with one-third of the other two, and the third with
-one-fourth of the other two, shall be equal to 34?
-
-
-THE FAMOUS “45” PUZZLE.
-
-88. Take 45 from 45, and leave 45 as a remainder. There are at least
-two ways of doing this.
-
-89. How can 45 be divided into 4 such parts that if you add 2 to the
-first part, subtract 2 from the second part, multiply the third part
-by 2, and divide the fourth part by 2, the sum of the addition, the
-remainder of the subtraction, the product of the multiplication, and
-the quotient of the division are equal?
-
-90. The square of 45 is 2025, if we halve this we get 20/25 and
-20 plus 25 equals 45. Find two other numbers of four figures that
-produce the same peculiarity.
-
-
-91. A mother of a family being asked how many children she had,
-replied: “The joint ages of my husband and myself are at present six
-times the united ages of our children; two years ago their united
-ages were ten times less than ours, and in six years hence our joint
-ages will be three times theirs.” How many children had she?
-
-
-WHERE THE CREEDS AGREE.
-
-The Mahometans, Christians and Jews, with different creeds, are all
-striving to reach the same place--Heaven. Now, we will endeavour to
-show, by figures, that it is possible for them all to accomplish
-their purpose.
-
-The figures 4, 5, 6, at the angles of the large triangle, represent
-respectively the above mentioned sects. They are very distant from
-each other, but we will induce them to meet half-way. Thus, the
-Mahometans and Jews meet at 10, the Mahometans and Christians at 9,
-and the Jews and Christians at 11; and by joining these totals to
-the opposite numbers we see they all meet at last in Heaven (15).
-It should be mentioned that any numbers whatever may be used to
-represent the sects, but the result will always be the same.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-“SHE” ONCE MORE.
-
-92. The country spark again addressed the charming “she.” This time
-he wished to know her height. She replied, “My height (in inches) if
-divided by the product of its digits, gives as quotient 2, and the
-digits are inverted by adding 27.”
-
-“You have a bright look, my boy,” said the visitor at the school.
-“Yes, sir,” replied the candid youth; “that’s because I forgot to
-rinse the soap off my face this morning.”
-
-
-HIS LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT.
-
-93. A father on his death-bed gave orders in his will that if his
-wife, who was then pregnant, brought forth a son, he should inherit
-two-thirds of his property, and the mother the remainder; but if she
-brought forth a daughter the latter should have only one-third, and
-the mother two-thirds. The widow, however, was delivered of twins,--a
-boy and a girl. What share ought each to have of the property left
-by the father, who had his life insured in the Australian Mutual
-Provident Society for £7,000.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-94.
-      Money lent at 6 per cent
-        To those who choose to borrow;
-      How long before I’m worth a pound
-        If I lend a crown to-morrow?
-
-
-A KEEN EYE TO BUSINESS.
-
-Upon the death of the senior partner of an Australian firm a notice
-of the sad event was sent to, amongst others, a German lithographic
-establishment. The clerk in this German house, who was instructed to
-answer the communication, wrote the following letter of condolence:--
-
-“We are greatly pained to hear of the loss sustained by your firm,
-and extend to you our heartiest sympathy. We notice the circular you
-sent us announcing Mr. S----’s death is lithographed by Messrs.----.
-We regret that you did not see your way to let us estimate for the
-printing of the same. The next time there is a bereavement in your
-house we will be glad to quote you for the lithographic circulars,
-and are confident that we can give you better work at less cost
-than anybody else in the business. Trusting that we may soon have
-an opportunity of quoting you our prices, we remain, with profound
-sympathy, yours truly,----.”
-
-
-An American journal, describing a new counterfeit bank-note, says the
-vignette is “cattle and hogs, with a church far in the distance”--a
-good illustration of the world.
-
-95. On a square piece of paper mark 12 circles as shown in diagram.
-The puzzle is to divide the figure into four pieces of equal size,
-each piece to be of the same shape, and to contain three circles,
-without getting into any of them.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-THE ORIGIN OF THE “STONE.”
-
-Measurement of weight by the “stone” arose from the old custom
-farmers had of weighing wool with a stone. Every farmer kept a large
-stone at his farm for this purpose. When a dealer came along he
-balanced a plank on top of a wall, and put the stone on one end of it
-and the bags of wool on the other, until the weights were equal. At
-first the stones were of all sorts and sizes and weights, with the
-result that dealers who wished to make a living had to be remarkably
-knowing in their estimates of them. The many inconveniences involved
-by this inequality resulted in all stones being made of a uniform
-weight as far as wool was concerned. The weight of a stone of
-potatoes, meat, glass, cheese, &c., all differ.
-
-
-A little boy was reading in his Scottish history an account of the
-battle of Bannockburn. He read as follows: “And when the English army
-saw the new army on the hill behind, their spirits became damped.”
-
-The teacher asked him what was meant by “damping their spirits,” and
-the boy, not comprehending the meaning, simply answered, “Putting
-water in their whisky.”
-
-
-THUNDER AND LIGHTNING CALCULATION.
-
-96. Between the earth and a thundercloud there are four currents of
-air, having a temperature of 87, 57, 47, and 37 degrees respectively.
-The first current is half the depth of the second, the second half
-the third, and the third half the fourth. If a peal of thunder is
-heard 2-3251/4256 seconds after the lightning flash, find the depth
-of the fourth current and the time occupied by the sound in passing
-through it.
-
-
-                 97.
-  First cut out, with a pen-knife, in paste-board or card,
-   The designs numbered 1, 2 and 3,
-  Four of each; after which, as the puzzle is hard,
-   You had better be guided by me
-  To a certain extent; for, in fixing, take care
-   That each portion is fitted in tight,
-  Or they will not produce such a neat little square
-   As they otherwise would if done right.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-QUITE PROPER.
-
-“What is a propaganda,” inquired the teacher. The boy looked at the
-ceiling, wrinkled his forehead, wrestled with the question a minute
-or two, and then answered that it was the brother of a proper goose.
-
-
-DECEMBER AND MAY.
-
-98. An old man married a young woman; their united ages amounted
-to 100; the man’s age, multiplied by 4 and divided by 9 gives the
-woman’s age. What were their respective ages?
-
-
-99. A and B set out on a walking expedition at the same time--A from
-Melbourne to Geelong, and B from Geelong to Melbourne. On reaching
-Geelong A immediately starts again for Melbourne. Now, A arrives at
-Geelong four hours after meeting B, but he reaches Melbourne three
-hours after their second meeting. In what time did each perform the
-journey?
-
-
-100. What two numbers are those of which the square of the first plus
-the second equals 11, and the square of the second plus the first
-equals 7?
-
-
-A schoolmaster, describing a money-lender, says, “He serves you in
-the present tense, he lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in
-the subjunctive mood, and ruins you in the future.”
-
-
-101. “How much money have I,” says a father to his son. Son
-replied, “They don’t teach prophecy at our school.” “Well, they
-teach arithmetic, I suppose,” rejoined the father, smartly; “if you
-multiply one-half, one-third, one-fourth, one-sixth, three-quarters,
-and two-thirds of my money together, the product will be 10368. Now
-find out how many pence I have.”
-
-
-102. A person has 1260 quarters of wheat. He sells one-fifth at a
-gain of 5 per cent., one-third at a gain of 8 per cent., and the
-remainder at a gain of 12 per cent. Had he sold the whole at a gain
-of 10 per cent. he would have made £23 2s. more than he did. Find the
-cost price of one quarter.
-
-
-103. Is the word “with” ever used as a noun?
-
-
-THE GREAT PUZZLE OF THE CENTURY.
-
-104. Place the nine digits (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) together in
-such a manner that they will make 100.
-
-105. Also make 100 by using the cipher in addition to the digits.
-
-
-106. How far apart should the knots of a log-line be to indicate
-every half-minute, a speed of one mile per hour?
-
-107. Several persons are bound to pay the expenses of a law process,
-which amount to £800, but three of them being insolvent, the rest
-have £60 each to pay additional. How many persons were concerned?
-
-
-108.
-       If five times four are thirty-three,
-       What will the fourth of twenty be?
-
-
-109. A locomotive with a truck is travelling over a straight level
-line at the rate of 60 miles an hour. A man standing at the extreme
-rear of the truck casts a small stone into the air in a perpendicular
-direction. The stone travels upward at an average rate of 30 feet per
-second for 3 seconds; the height of the man’s hand from ground when
-the stone leaves is 15 feet. At what distance behind the train will
-the stone strike the ground in its descent?
-
-
-A Tombstone in an English Cemetery.
-
-Many quaint and puzzling epitaphs are often to be seen engraved
-on several of the tombstones in some of the old cemeteries at
-Home. The adjoining illustration represents a tombstone in the old
-burial-ground of London--Kensal Green. It might “liven” up the reader
-to discover the scheme of kindred as given in the inscription.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-                       SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF
-
-           TWO GRANDMOTHERS WITH THEIR TWO GRANDDAUGHTERS;
-                 TWO HUSBANDS WITH THEIR TWO WIVES;
-                TWO FATHERS WITH THEIR TWO DAUGHTERS;
-                  TWO MOTHERS WITH THEIR TWO SONS;
-                 TWO MAIDENS WITH THEIR TWO MOTHERS;
-                 TWO SISTERS WITH THEIR TWO BROTHERS
-            YET, BUT SIX CORPSES IN ALL LIE BURIED HERE--
-                ALL BORN LEGITIMATE FROM ERROR CLEAR.]
-
-EASILY ANSWERED.
-
-“Johnny,” said his teacher, “if your father can do a piece of work in
-seven days, and your uncle George can do it in nine days, how long
-would it take both of them to do it?”
-
-“They’d never get it done,” said Johnny; “they’d sit down and tell
-snake-yarns.”
-
-
-110. A well is to be sunk by 12 men, in groups of 4 each, in 12 days.
-The groups work in the ratio of 6, 7, and 8; when half the task is
-done rain sets in and prevents them working for 2 days, in which time
-one man of the first, 2 of the second, and 3 of the third group go
-away, leaving the remainder to finish the job. What extra time did
-they work?
-
-
-“TAKE CARE OF THE PENCE, &c.”
-
-One of the most startling calculations is the following:--
-
-A penny at 5 per cent. compound interest from A.D. 1 to 1890
-would amount to £10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
-_i.e._, Ten Sextillions of pounds, or more money than could be
-contained in One Thousand Millions of Globes each equal to the Earth
-in magnitude, and all of solid gold.
-
-
-111. On a flagstaff consisting of an upright pole (6 feet of which is
-underground) is a cross-yard 24 feet long; the latter is fixed at a
-distance of one-third of the length of the visible part of the pole
-from the top; passing from the top of the pole to the ends of the
-yard are ropes, forming stays whose falls or ends reach to the ground
-on either side of the pole, and it is found that these falls just
-reach the base of the pole. The total length of rope in the aforesaid
-stays is 40 feet. Supposing that the top diameter of the pole is
-one-third of that at the extreme base, and that the whole length of
-rope used is 54,177 times the base diameter of the pole, what would
-the pole cost at 1 penny per 100 cubic inches?
-
-
-TEACHER--“Your writing is fairly good, but how do you account
-for making so many mistakes in your spelling?”
-
-SCHOLAR--“Please, ma’am, I had chilblains on my hand?”
-
-
-112. Put down 4 marks (| | | |), and then require a person to put
-5 more marks and make 10.
-
-
-“KEEP YOUR HAIR ON.”
-
-113. Supposing there are more persons in the world than anyone
-has hairs on his head, there must be at least two persons who have
-the same number of hairs on the head to a hair. Explain this.
-
-
-114. Show what is wrong in the following:--
-
-8-8 = 2-2, dividing both these equals by 2-2 the result
-must be equal; 8-8 divided by 2-2 = 4, and 2-2 divided by
-2-2 = 1, therefore, since the quotients of equals divided by
-equals must be equal, 4 must be equal to 1.
-
-
-“GLAD TIDINGS.”
-
-Many will be surprised to hear that there is Scriptural authority
-for advertising. Advertising not only has Scriptural authority,
-but it is of very respectable antiquity as well. If you will look
-in Numbers XXIV., 14, you will find Balaam saying “Come now, and I
-will advertise,” and Boaz says in Ruth IV., 4, “And I thought to
-advertise.”
-
-
-
-
-OPTICAL ILLUSIONS.
-
-
-Illusions of the Eye are numberless, and afford a wide field for
-experiment. Some people are left-eyed, others right-eyed, and very
-few use both eyes equally. It is impossible to tell how far they
-really do deceive us unless they have been tested in the proper
-manner. For instance, if you ask anyone to what height a bell-topper
-would reach if placed on the floor against the wall, nine times out
-of ten the height guessed will be half as much again as the real
-height of the hat. Everyone seems to _over_-estimate the proper
-height.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-Another favourite illusion is to ask a person to mark on the wall a
-height from the floor which would represent the length of a horse’s
-head: here the majority guess far too little--for a horse’s head is
-much longer than most people imagine, ranging from 25 to 34 inches.
-In a recent experiment 5 persons out of 6 _under_-estimated the
-proper height.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-Here are two triangles. Which is the one whose centre is the better
-indicated? (It looks like A, but it is B).
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Again: Out of the two straight lines C and D which is the longer? (By
-measurement we see they are both the same).
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Guess, by eye-measurement only, the longest and shortest of the three
-lines marked A A, B B, and C C. When you have done guessing measure,
-and see how much you are out.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Which is the tallest gentleman of the three appearing in adjoining
-figure?--Many would imagine the last to be the tallest, and the
-first the shortest, whereas the reverse is the case--the last is the
-shortest, and the first the tallest.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-It is surprising how the eye can be deceived, when dealing with areas
-or circles. Place on the table a half-crown and a threepenny-piece;
-let these be, say, 9 or 10 inches apart, and ask a friend how many
-of the latter can be placed on the former--with this proviso: the
-threepenny-pieces must not rest on each other, nor must they overlap
-the outer rim of the half-crown; they must be fairly within the
-circumference of the larger coin. Many will answer 6, 5, or 4, others
-who are more cautious 3. Try for yourself and see how many you can
-put on, and you are sure to be surprised.
-
-
-ARE THESE LINES PARALLEL?
-
-The “herring-bone” figure here illustrated is yet another proof that
-our eyes are faulty. The horizontal lines appear to slant in the
-direction in which the short intersecting lines are falling, and
-would give one the idea that they would meet if continued, whereas
-really they are parallel. The illusion is more striking if you tilt
-the leaf up.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-HOW DID HE DO IT.
-
-115. Once there was an old tramp who had to go through a tollbar,
-and before he could get through he had to pay a penny. He had not a
-penny; he did not find a penny, nor borrow a penny, nor steal nor beg
-a penny, and yet he paid a penny and went through.
-
-
-116. Find a number which is such that if four times its square be
-diminished by 6 times the number itself the remainder shall be 70.
-
-
-117. A man has a certain number of apples; he sells half the number
-and one more to one person, half the remainder and one more to a
-second person, half the remainder and one more to a third person,
-half the remainder and one more to a fourth person, by which time he
-had disposed of all that he had. How many had he?
-
-
-TEACHER (impressing one of her _protégés_)--“Be brave and
-earnest and you will succeed. Do you remember my telling you of the
-great difficulty ‘George Washington’ had to contend with?”
-
-WILLY RAGGS--“Yes, mum; he couldn’t tell a lie.”
-
-
-118. Two numbers are in the ratio of 2 and 3, and if 9 be added
-to each they are in the ratio of 3 to 4. Find the numbers.
-
-
-PAYING A DEBT.
-
-In an office the boy owed one of the clerks threepence, the clerk
-owed the cashier twopence, and the cashier owed the boy twopence. One
-day the boy, having a penny, decided to diminish his debt, and gave
-the penny to the clerk, who in turn paid half his debt by giving it
-to the cashier, the latter gave it back to the boy, saying, “That
-makes one penny I owe you now;” the office boy again passed it to the
-clerk, who passed it to the cashier, who in turn passed it back to
-the boy, and the boy discharged his entire debt by handing it over to
-the clerk, thereby squaring all accounts.
-
-
-A TESTIMONIAL.
-
-“How do you like your new typewriter?” inquired the agent.
-
-“It’s grand!” was the immediate and enthusiastic response. “I wonder
-how I ever got along without it.”
-
-“Well, would you mind giving me a little testimonial to that effect?”
-
-“Certainly not; do it gladly.”
-
-(A few minutes’ pounding). “How’ll this suit you?”
-
-“afted Using the automatig Back-action a type writ, er for thre
-emonthan d Over. I unhesittattingly pronounce it prono nce it to be
-al even more than th e Manufacturs claim? for it. During the time
-been in our possession e. i. th ree monthzi id has more th an than
-paid for it£elf in the saving of time an d labrr?
-
-                                               John £ Gibbs.”
-
-
-STATE OF THE POLL.
-
-119. In a constituency in which each elector may vote for 2
-candidates half of the constituency vote for A, but divide their
-votes among B, C, D and E in the proportion of 4, 3, 2, 1; half the
-remainder vote for B, and divide their votes between C, D, E in
-proportion 3, 1, 1; two-thirds of the remainder vote for D and E, and
-540 do not vote at all. Find state of poll, and number of electors on
-roll.
-
-
-120. Three men, A, B and C, go into an hotel to have a “free and
-easy” on their own account, and after sundry glasses of Dewar’s
-Whisky got into dispute as to who had the most cash, and neither
-being willing to show his hand, the landlord was called upon to
-umpire. He found that A’s money and half of B’s added to one-third of
-C’s just came to £32, again that one-third of A’s with one-fourth of
-B’s and one-fifth of C’s made up £15, again he found that one-fourth
-of A’s together with one-fifth of B’s and one-sixth of C’s totalled
-£12. How much had each?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-THE BIBLE IN SCHOOLS.
-
-VISITING CLERGYMAN--“What’s a miracle?”
-
-BOY--“Dunno.”
-
-V.C.--“Well, if the sun was to shine in the middle of the
-night what would you say it was?”
-
-BOY--“The moon.”
-
-V.C.--“But if you were told that it was the sun, what would
-you say it was?”
-
-BOY--“A lie.”
-
-V.C.--“_I_ don’t tell lies. Suppose _I_ were to tell you it
-was the sun, what would you say then?”
-
-BOY--“That you was drunk.”
-
-
-121. A man travels 60 miles in 3 hours by rail and coach; if he had
-gone all the way by rail he would have ended his journey an hour
-sooner and saved two-fifths of the time he was on the coach. How far
-did he go by coach?
-
-
-   WANTED Canvasser, energetic; only “live”
-            men need apply.  Smart & Co.
-
-A determined-looking young man rushed into Mr. Sharp’s office
-the other day, and, addressing him, said abruptly, “See you’re
-advertising for a canvasser, sir; I’ve come to fill the place.”
-
-“Gently, young man!--gently! How do you know that you’ll suit?” asked
-Mr. Sharp, somewhat nettled at the young man’s off-hand manner.
-
-“Certain of it. Best man you could have--energetic, punctual, honest,
-sober, A1 references, and----”
-
-“Wait a minute, I tell you!” shouted Mr. Sharp. “I don’t think you’d
-suit me at all.”
-
-“Oh, yes, I shall,” said the young man, seating himself. “And I don’t
-go out of this office till you engage me.”
-
-“You won’t?” yelled Mr. S.
-
-“Certainly not,” said the young man, calmly.
-
-“Why, you impudent young scoundrel! I’ll--I’ll kick you out!”
-
-“No, you wont. You may kick me, but you won’t kick me _out_.”
-
-“If you don’t go, I’ll call a policeman,” declared Mr. S., purple
-with rage.
-
-“Will you?”
-
-The young man rushed to the door, locked it, and put the key in his
-pocket.
-
-Mr. S. gasped and glared, and then roared:--
-
-“I tell you I won’t have you! Get out of my office. Will you take
-‘no’ for an answer?”
-
-“No, I won’t take ‘no’ for an answer. Never did in my life, and don’t
-intend starting now,” said the young man, very determinedly.
-
-Mr. Sharp hesitated, then rose to his feet, with admiration beaming
-from his eyes.
-
-“Young man,” he said, “I’ve been looking for an agent like you for
-twenty years. At first I thought you were only a bumptious fool;
-but now I see you’re literally bursting with business. If any man
-can sell my patent vermin-trap (warranted to catch anything from a
-flea to a tiger) you’re that man. A hundred a year and 15 per cent.
-commission. Is it a bargain?”
-
-“It is,” said the young man, trying the trap, and smiling approvingly
-when it nipped a piece of flesh clean out of his finger.
-
-
-WHY IS IT?
-
-Take a long narrow strip of paper, and draw a line with pen or pencil
-along the whole length of its centre. Turn one of the ends round so
-as to give it a twist, and then gum the ends together. Now take a
-pair of scissors and cut the circle of paper round along the line,
-and you will have two circles. This is a puzzle within a puzzle,
-and has never been satisfactorily explained either by scientist or
-mathematician.
-
-
-How to Read a Person’s Character.
-
-Tell a friend to put down in figures the year in which he was born;
-to this add 4, then his age at last birthday provided it has not come
-in the present year (if it has, then his age last year); multiply
-this sum by 1000, and subtract 687,423. (This number is for 1899;
-it increases 1000 for each succeeding year.) To the remainder place
-corresponding letters of the alphabet. The result will be the popular
-name by which your friend is known.
-
-Example: A person was born in 1860, and is now 38 years of age.
-
-         1860
-            4
-         ----
-         1864
-           38  Age
-         ----
-         1902
-            1000
-        --------
-         1902000
-          687423
-  --------------
-   1,2,1,4,5,7,7
-   a,b,a,d,e,g,g  (“A bad egg.”)
-
-
-122. There are 3 numbers in continued proportion--the middle number
-is 60, and the sum of the others is 125. Find the numbers.
-
-
-123. A lends B a certain sum at the same time he insures B’s life for
-£737 12s. 6d., paying annual premiums of £20; at the end of three
-years and just before the fourth premium is to be paid, B dies,
-having never repaid anything. What sum must A have lent B in order
-that he may have just enough to recoup himself, together with 5 per
-cent. compound interest on the sum lent and on the premiums?
-
-
-124. I met three Dutchmen--Hendrick, Claas, and Cornelius--with their
-wives--Gertruig, Catrün, and Anna; in answer to a question they told
-me they had been to market to buy pigs, and had spent between them
-£224 11s; Hendrick bought 23 pigs more than Catrün, and Class bought
-11 more than Gertruig, each man laid out 3 guineas more than his
-wife. Now find out each couple--man and wife.
-
-
-CURIOUS BOOK-KEEPING.
-
-An old tradesman used to keep his accounts in a singular manner. He
-hung up two boots--one on each side of the chimney; into one of these
-he put all the money he received, and into the other all the receipts
-and vouchers for the money he paid. At the end of the year, or
-whenever he wanted to make up his accounts, he emptied the boots, and
-by counting their several and respective contents he was enabled to
-make a balance, perhaps with as much regularity and as little trouble
-as any book-keeper in the country.
-
-
-QUICKER THAN THOUGHT.
-
-A little boy, hearing someone remark that nothing was quicker than
-thought, said: “I know something that is quicker than thought.” “What
-is it, Johnny?” asked his pa. “Whistling,” said Johnny. “When I was
-in school yesterday I whistled before I thought, and got caned for
-it, too.”
-
-
-125. The number of men in both fronts of two columns of troops A and
-B, when each consisted of as many ranks as it had men in front, was
-84; but when the columns changed ground, and A was drawn up with the
-front B had, and B with the front A had; the number of ranks in both
-columns was 91. Required: the number of men in each column.
-
-
-RUNNING THROUGH HIS FORTUNE.
-
-126. A man inheriting money spends on the first day 19s., twice that
-amount on the next, and 19s. additional every day till he exhausts
-his fortune by spending on the last day £190 by way of having a real
-good time of it and treating his friends to a good “blow out.” What
-amount of money had he left to him at the start?
-
-
-127. A shopkeeper makes on a certain article the first day a profit
-of 3d., the second day 4·2d., and so on, profit increasing each day
-by 1·2d. He had a profit of 14s. 3d. on the whole. How many days was
-he selling the article?
-
-
-“AWFUL SACRIFICE.”
-
-One of those generous, disinterested, self-sacrificing tradesmen,
-having stuck upon every other pane of glass in his window,
-“Selling-off,” “No reasonable offer refused,” “Must close on
-Saturday,” offered himself as bail, or security, in some case
-which was brought before a magistrate, when the following dialogue
-ensued:--The magistrate asking him if he was worth £200, “Yes,” he
-replied. “But you are about to remove, are you not?” “No.” “Why, you
-write up, ‘Selling-off.’” “Yes, every shopkeeper is selling off.”
-“You say, ‘No reasonable offer will be refused.’” “Well, I should be
-very unreasonable if I did refuse such offers.” “But you say, ‘Must
-close on Saturday.’” “To be sure; you would not have me open on
-Sunday, would you?”
-
-
-128. A man dying left his property of £10,000 to his four children,
-aged respectively 6, 8, 10, and 12 years, on the understanding that
-each on attaining his majority shall receive the same amount of
-money, comp. interest at the rate of 4½ per cent. being allowed.
-What is the amount of the £10,000 payable to each?
-
-
-A WASTE OF TIME.
-
-A little boy spent his first day at school. “What did you learn?” was
-his aunt’s question. “Didn’t learn nothing.” “Well, what did you do?”
-“Didn’t do nothing. There was a woman wanting to know how to spell
-‘cat,’ and I told her.”
-
-
-An English School-boy’s Essay on Australia.
-
-“Part of Austrailya is vague. It ust to be used by the English to
-keep men on that was not bad enough to be killed. Some farms would
-raise as much as five hundred thousand. The English long ago ust to
-send their prisoners there when they did anything not worth hanging.
-
-“Austrailya is a vast Country, and the biggest Island on the surface
-of the Earth. It has all its bad men and they have found a great many
-Gold and Diamonds there, and Sidney is one of the Chief Countries in
-it which is in new south Wales.
-
-“It used to be used for purposes of Exploration, but it has no
-interior, and you can’t explore it. Sometimes it is called Antipides,
-because everything is upside down there. The chief products are Wool
-and Gold and other Exports and the Austrailyan eleven come from
-there. The Climate is hot in the Summer and not so in the Winter,
-which causes drowts and sweeps all the sheep away and the banks break.
-
-“It was discovered by Captain Cook who captured it from the Dutch.
-There are no wild Animals there except the Kangaroo, they fly
-through the air with great skill and then they return again right to
-your feet. The natives are coloured Black and they call themselves
-Aboriginels, they subsist on bark and other food they do no work and
-chop wood for a miserable living and can smell the ground like a
-dog. When we go there they call us new Chums. They have no form of
-Worship, and pray for rain, but a belief in Federashun because they
-want to be joined together.
-
-“Their only amusement is Co-robbery. It is celebrated for
-Bushrangers and the Melbourne Cup which sticks people up and takes
-from them all they have got.
-
-“Austrailya has a lot of aliasses, one is new Holland and afterwards
-it was called Pollynesia, and Van Demon and Oceana but sir Henry
-Parks called it Austrailya on his Death-bed. You can go to it in a
-ship but it is joined to Great Britain by a cable.”
-
-
-129. I ran to a certain railway station to meet the train which was
-due at 3.15 p.m. When I arrived on the platform the hands of the
-clock made equal angles with 3 o’clock. How long had I to wait?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-130. The wall of China is 1500 miles long, 20 feet high, 15 feet wide
-at the top and 25 at the bottom. The largest of the pyramids is said
-to have been 741 feet at the base, 481 feet vertical when finished.
-How many such pyramids could be built out of the wall of China?
-
-
-GRAMMAR.
-
-SCHOOLMASTER--“Now, boys, the word ‘with’ is a very bad word
-to end a sentence with.”
-
-
-131. There is an arch of quadrantal form; the rise of the crown
-is 17 feet. What is the span?
-
-
-132.
-       Two pairs of fives I bid you take,
-       And four times four and forty make.
-
-
-133. A lady bought a quantity of flannel, which she distributed among
-some poor women; the first received 2 yards, the second 4 yards, and
-so on; the lot cost her £5 14s. 2½d. How many women were there, and
-what did the lady pay per yard?
-
-
-134. A and B marry, their respective ages being in proportion to 3
-and 4. Now after they have been married 14 years their ages are as 5
-to 6, and the age of A is 5 times that of her youngest child, who was
-born when the parents’ ages were as 4 to 5. Required: the ages of A
-and B when they were married, and the age of the youngest child now
-that they have been married 14 years.
-
-
-AN APPALLING “SUM.”
-
-At a school, a short time back, the pupils were given, as a home
-lesson, the task of subtracting from 880,788,889 the number 629 so
-often till nothing remained.
-
-The boys worked on for hours without any perceptible diminution of
-the figures, and at length gave up the task in despair. Some of the
-parents then tried their hands, with no better success. For, in order
-to work out the sum, the number 629 would have to be subtracted
-1,400,300 times, leaving 189 as a remainder.
-
-Working 12 hours a day, at the rate of 3 subtractions per minute, it
-would take over 1 year and 9 months to complete the sum which had
-been set the poor lads for their home lesson.
-
-
-A MILITARY LUNCHEON.
-
-135. A certain number of Volunteers--namely, Commissioned Officers,
-Non-commissioned Officers, and Privates had a dinner bill to pay;
-there were, it seemed, half as many more Non-Com. Officers as Com.,
-one-third as many more Privates as Non-Com. Officers, and they agreed
-that each Commissioned Officer should pay one-third as much again
-as each Non-Com., and each Non-Com. one-fifth as much again as each
-Private; but 1 Commissioned and 2 Non-Com. Officers slipped away
-without paying their portion (5s.), each of the others had to pay in
-consequence 4d. more. What was the amount of the bill, and the number
-of each present?
-
-
-Twice the half of 1½? Ask your friends--it bothers them.
-
-
-The Problem Easily Solved.
-
-“Do you see that row of poplars on the other bank standing apparently
-at equal distances apart?” asked a grave-faced man of a group of
-people standing by a river.
-
-The group nodded assent.
-
-“Well, there’s quite a story connected with those trees,” he
-continued. “Some years ago there lived in a house overlooking the
-river a very wealthy banker, whose only daughter was beloved by a
-young surveyor. The old man was inclined to question the professional
-skill of the young rod and level, and to put him to the test directed
-him to set out on the river shore a row of trees, no two of which
-should be any further apart than any other two. The trial proved
-the lover’s inefficiency, and forthwith he was forbidden the house,
-and in despair drowned himself in the river. Perhaps some of you
-gentlemen with keen eyes can tell me which two trees are furthest
-apart?”
-
-The group took a critical view of the situation, and each member
-selected a different pair of trees. Finally, after much discussion,
-an appeal was made to the solemn-faced stranger to solve the problem.
-
-“The first and the last,” said he, calmly, resuming his cigar and
-walking away with the air of a sage.
-
-
-136.
-       Twice five of us are eight of us, and two of us are three,
-       And three of us are five of us--now how can all this be?
-       If that does not puzzle you I’ll tell you one thing more:
-       Eight of us are five of us and five of us are four.
-
-
-“EXPRESSIONAL” MEASURES.
-
-The table of measures says that 3 barleycorns make 1 inch--and so
-they do. When the standards of measures were first established 3
-barleycorns, well-dried, were taken out and laid end to end, and
-measured an inch.
-
-The “hairbreadth” now used indefinitely for infinitesimal space, was
-a regular measure, 16 hairs laid side by side equalling 1 barleycorn.
-
-The expression “in a trice,” as everyone knows, means a very short
-space of time. The hour is divided into 60 minutes, the minute into
-60 seconds, and the second into 60 “trices.”
-
-
-A CHALLENGE.
-
-137. A lady belonging to the W.C.T.U. was endeavouring to persuade a
-gentleman friend of hers to give up the drink; he replied, “I will
-sign the pledge if you tell me how many glasses of beer did I drink
-to-day if the difference between their number and the number of times
-the square root of their number is contained in 2 be equal to 3.”
-
-
-MEMORY SYSTEM.
-
-TEACHER--“In what year was the battle of Waterloo fought?”
-
-PUPIL--“I don’t know.”
-
-TEACHER--“It’s simple enough if you only would learn how to
-cultivate artificial memory. Remember the twelve apostles. Add half
-their number to them. That’s eighteen. Multiply by a hundred. That’s
-eighteen hundred. Take the twelve apostles again. Add a quarter of
-their number to them. That’s fifteen. Add to what you’ve got. That’s
-1815. That’s the date. Quite simple, you see, to remember dates if
-you will only adopt my system.”
-
-
-A GLOBE TROTTER.
-
-138. Everyone knows that in a race on a circular track the competitor
-who has the “inside” running has the least ground to cover, hence the
-great desire of cyclists, jockeys, &c., to “hug the fence.”
-
-Now a gentleman, six feet high, starts walking round the Earth on
-the equator; his feet, therefore, have the inside running. Find out
-how much further his head travels than his feet in performing this
-wonderful journey? taking the circumference of the globe at the
-equator to be 25,000 miles.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-PRECOCIOUS JUVENILE--“Mamma, it isn’t good grammar to say
-‘after I,’ is it?”
-
-HIS MOTHER--“No, Georgie.”
-
-PRECOCIOUS JUVENILE--“Well, the letter J comes after I.
-Which is wrong--the grammar or the alphabet?”
-
-
-139. There is an island in the form of a semi-circle; two persons
-start from a point in the diameter; one walks along the diameter, and
-the other at right angles to it; the former reaches the extremity of
-the diameter after walking 4 miles, and the latter the boundary of
-the island after walking 8 miles. Find the area of the island.
-
-
-140. There is a certain number consisting of three figures which is
-equal to 36 times the sum of its digits, and 7 times the left-hand
-digit plus 9, equal to 5 times the sum of the remaining digits, and 8
-times the second digit minus 9 is equal to the sum of the first and
-third. What is the number?
-
-
-141. A bottle and cork costs 2½d.; the bottle costs 2d. more than
-the cork. What is the price of each?
-
-
-A Cure for Big Words.
-
-Here is a good story of how a father cured his son of verbal
-grandiloquence. The boy wrote from college, using such large
-words that the father replied with the following letter:--“In
-promulgating your esoteric cogitations, or articulating superficial
-sentimentalities, and philosophical or pscyhological observations,
-beware of platitudinous ponderosity. Let your conversation possess
-a clarified conciseness, compacted comprehensibleness, coalescent
-consistency, and a concatenated cogency. Eschew all conglomerations
-of flatulent garrulity, jejune babblement, and asinine affectations.
-Let your extemporaneous descantings and unpremeditated expatiations
-have intelligibility, without rhodomontade or thrasonical bombast.
-Sedulously avoid all polysyllabical profundity, pompous prolixity,
-and ventriloquial vapidity. Shun double entendre and prurient
-jocosity, whether obscure or apparent. In other words, _speak
-truthfully, naturally, clearly, purely, but do not use big words_.”
-
-
-142. With a pair each of four different weights, 1 lb. up to 170 lbs.
-can be weighed. What are the weights?
-
-
-143. A man going “on the spree” spends on the first day 10s. 5d., the
-second 18s., the third £1 8s. 7d., the fourth £2 2s. 8d., and so on
-at that rate of increase until he has spent all he had--£183 6s. 8d.
-How many days was he on the spree?
-
-
-144. Divide one shilling into two parts, so that one will be 2½d.
-more than the other.
-
-
-COMPLIMENTARY, VERY!
-
-EDITOR--“Did you see the notice I gave you yesterday?”
-
-SHOPKEEPER--“Yes, and I don’t want another. The man who says
-I’ve got plenty of grit, and that the milk I sell is of the first
-water, and that my butter is the strongest in the market, may mean
-well, but he is not the man whose encomiums I value.”
-
-
-145. A vintner draws a certain quantity of wine out of a full vessel
-that holds 256 gallons, and then filling the same vessel with water
-draws off the same quantity of liquor as before, and so on for four
-draughts, when only 81 gallons of pure wine is left. How much wine
-did he draw each time?
-
-
-146. A man has 4 horses, for which he gave £80; the first horse cost
-as much as the second and half of the third, the second cost as much
-as the fourth minus the cost of the third, the third cost one-third
-of the first, and the fourth cost as much as the second and third
-together. What was the price of each horse?
-
-
-The Divided Pound.
-
-147. A father wishes to divide £1 between his four sons, giving
-one-third to one, one-fourth to another, one-fifth to another, and
-one-sixth to another; in doing so he finds he has only disbursed
-19s.; the balance, 1s., is then divided in the same proportion. What
-amount does each receive in full in the proportion named?
-
-
-RAILWAY-SHUNTING PUZZLE.
-
-148. A locomotive is on the main line of railway; the trucks marked
-1 and 2 are on sidings which meet at the points, where there is room
-for one truck only and not for the locomotive. It is desired to
-reverse the position of the trucks--that is, put 1 where 2 is, and
-2 where 1 is, and yet leave the locomotive free on the main line.
-This must be done by means of the locomotive only, either pulling
-or pushing the trucks--it may be between them, thus pulling one and
-pushing the other--but no truck must move without the locomotive.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-In working this puzzle out, it would be best to draw the diagram
-on an enlarged scale, and have articles to represent the trucks and
-locomotive.
-
-
-149. In a public square there is a fountain containing a quantity
-of water; around it stand a group of people with pitchers and
-buckets. They draw water at the following rate: The first draws
-100 quarts and one-thirteenth of the remainder, the second 200 quarts
-and one-thirteenth of the remainder, the third 300 quarts and
-one-thirteenth, and so on, until the fountain was emptied. How many
-quarts were there in the fountain?
-
-
-ENGLISH FROM A GERMAN MASTER.
-
-PROF. GOLDBURGMANN--“Herr Kannstnicht, you will the
-declensions give in the sentence, “I have a gold mine.”
-
-HERR KANNSTNICHT--“I have a gold mine; thou hast a gold
-thine; he has a gold his; we, you, they have a gold ours, yours, or
-theirs, as the case may be.”
-
-PROF. GOLDBURGMANN--“You right are; up head proceed. Should
-I what a time pleasant have if all Herr Kannstnicht like were!”
-
-
-SPENDING THEIR “ALL.”
-
-150. Three men going “on the spree” decide to spend all their money.
-The first, A, “shouts” for the company and then gives his balance to
-B, who also in turn pays for 3 drinks and gives his balance to C, who
-can then just manage to pay for drinks once more at 6d. each. How
-much money had each?
-
-
-151. There is a regiment of 7300 soldiers, which is to be divided
-into 4 companies--half of the first company, two-thirds of the
-second, three-quarters of the third, and four-fifths of the
-fourth--to be composed of the same number of men. How many soldiers
-are there in each company?
-
-
-A GRAVE MISTAKE.
-
-A Scotch tradesman, who had amassed, as he believed, £4000, was
-surprised at his old clerk’s showing by a balance-sheet his fortune
-to be £6000. “It canna be--count again,” said the old man. The clerk
-did count again, and again declared the balance to be £6000. Time
-after time he cast up the columns--it was still a 6, and not a 4,
-that rewarded his labours. So the old merchant, on the strength of
-his good fortune, modernised his house, and put money in the purse
-of the carpenter, the painter, and the upholsterer. Still, however,
-he had a lurking doubt of the existence of the extra £2000; so one
-winter’s night he sat down to give the columns “one count more.” At
-the close of his task he jumped up as though he had been galvanised,
-and rushed out in a shower of rain to the house of the clerk, who,
-capped and drowsy, put out his head from an attic window at the sound
-of the knocker, mumbling, “Who’s there, and what d’ye want?” “It’s
-me, ye scoundrel!” exclaimed his employer. “Ye’ve added up the year
-of our Lord amang the poons!”
-
-
-PROBLEM FOR PRINTERS.
-
-152. A book is printed in such a manner that each page contains a
-certain number of lines, and each line a certain number of letters.
-If each page contains 3 lines more, and each line 4 letters more, the
-number of letters in each page will be 224 more than before; but if
-each page contains 2 lines less, and each line 3 letters less, the
-number of letters in each page would be 145 less than before. Find
-the number of lines in each page, and the number of letters in each
-line.
-
-
-THE INCOME TAX.
-
-153. The charge on a major income is the same in amount as that on a
-minor one, which is 2½ per cent. of their mutual difference, but
-the rate imposed on the overplus of a major income is 4 per cent., so
-that on a composite income of the major and minor the charge would be
-£3 8s. Required the major and minor incomes.
-
-
-“Your Money or Your Life!”
-
-154. Two gentlemen, A and B, with £100 and £48 respectively, having
-to perform a long journey through a lonely part of the country, agree
-to travel together for purposes of safety; they are, however, taken
-unawares by a gang of bushrangers who, calling upon them to “bail
-up,” ease them of some of their cash. The leader of the gang was
-satisfied with taking twice as much from A as from B, and left to A
-three times as much as to B. How much was taken from each?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-GEOMETRICAL MUSIC.
-
-    · A point, my boys, is that which has no length, breadth,
-          or dimension.
-    -- A line has length, and yet is but a point drawn in extension.
-    All lines have names expressing some distinguishing particular.
-    As: horizontal, parallel, oblique, and perpendicular.
-                _Chorus of Pupils._               Oh! dear! oh!
-                            A pretty science mathematics is to know.
-
-    The lines called parallel are those which, drawn in one direction,
-    Continued to infinity, will never make bisection.
-    The thing perhaps sounds odd, but if you entertain a doubt, boys,
-    I’ll draw the lines, ====== now take your slates, and work the
-    problem out, boys.
-
-                _Chorus of Pupils._               Oh! dear! no!
-                We readily believe it, Sir! since _you_ say so!
-
-
-155. In this figure rub out eight lines, and leave two squares. No side
-nor angle of any square must be left, otherwise that will be counted as
-a square.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-156. A and B travelled by the same road, and at the same rate from
-Tamworth to Sydney. A overtook a flock of sheep, which travelled at
-the rate of three miles in two hours, and two hours after he met a
-mail coach, which travelled at the rate of nine miles in four hours.
-B overtook the flock 45 miles from Sydney, and met the coach 40
-minutes before he came to the 31-mile post from the Metropolis. Where
-was B when A reached Sydney?
-
-
-ENGLISH HISTORY.
-
-A school examination paper contained the question:--“Write down all
-you know about Henry VIII,” and one of the small boys answered as
-follows:--
-
-“King Henry 8 was the greatest widower that ever lived. He was born
-at Anne Domini in the year 1066. He had 510 wives besides children.
-The first was beheaded and afterwards executed, and the second was
-revoked. She never smiled again. But she said the word ‘Calais’ would
-be found on her heart after death. The greatest man in this reign
-was Lord Sir Garret Wolsey--named the Boy Bachelor. He was born at
-the age of fifteen unmarried. Henry 8 was succeeded on the throne by
-his great-grandmother, the beautiful Mary, Queen of Scots, sometimes
-called Lady of the Lake or the Lay of the Last Minstrel.”
-
-
-157. Two boys, A and B, run round a ring in opposite directions till
-they meet at the starting point, their last meeting place before this
-having been 990 yards from it. If A’s rate to B’s be as 5 to 3, find
-the distance they have travelled.
-
-
-THE VALUE OF HOME LESSONS.
-
-Two teachers of languages were discussing matters and things relative
-to their profession.
-
-“Do your pupils pay up regularly on the first of each month?” asked
-one of them.
-
-“No, they do not,” was the reply; “I often have to wait weeks and
-weeks before I get my pay, and sometimes I don’t get it at all. You
-can’t well dun the parents for the money.”
-
-“Why don’t you do as I do? I always get my money regularly.”
-
-“How do you manage it?”
-
-“It is very simple. For instance, I am teaching a boy French, and
-on the first day of the month his folks don’t send the amount due
-for the previous month. In that case I give the boy the following
-exercise to translate and write out at home:--‘I have no money. The
-month is up. Hast thou any money? Have not thy parents any money? I
-need money very much. Why hast thou brought no money this morning?
-Did thy father not give thee any money? Has he no money in the
-pocket-book of his uncle’s great aunt?’ This fetches them. Next
-morning that boy brings the money.”
-
-
-158. There is a number half of which divided by 6, one-third of it
-divided by 4, and one-fourth of it divided by 3, each quotient will
-be 9. What is the number?
-
-
-QUIBBLE.
-
-159.
-       Two-thirds of six is nine, one-half of twelve is seven,
-       The half of five is four, and six is half of eleven.
-
-
-SOMETHING EASY.
-
-160. Find a sum of £ s. d. (no farthings) in which the figures, in
-their order, represent the amount reduced to farthings.
-
-
-161. Three persons won a “consultation” worth £1,320. If J were to
-take £6, M ought to take £4, and B £2. What is each person’s share?
-
-
-“ON THE JOB.”
-
-162. Six masons, four bricklayers and five labourers were working
-together at a building, but being obliged to leave off one day by the
-rain, they went to a public-house and drank to the value of 45s.,
-which was paid by each party in the following manner: Four-fifths
-of what the bricklayers paid was equal to three-fifths of what the
-masons paid, and the labourers paid two-sevenths of what the masons
-and bricklayers paid. What did each party of men pay?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-163. In a certain speculation I gained £4 19s. 11¾d. for each
-pound I expended, and by a curious coincidence I found that £4 19s.
-11¾d. was the exact amount I had ventured. Required the amount of
-capital and profit together.
-
-
-HIS MAJORITY.
-
-164. “I am not a man, I suppose, till I am 21. How long have I to
-wait yet, if the cube root of my age eight years hence, added to the
-cube root of my age eleven years ago would make 5?”
-
-
-DRAUGHT-BOARD PUZZLE.
-
-165. Place eight men on a draught-board in such a way that no two
-will be in a line either crossways or diagonally. Of course the two
-colours on the board must be used.
-
-
-166. A gentleman, dying, left his property thus: To his wife,
-three-fifths of his son’s and youngest daughter’s shares; to his
-son, four-fifths of his wife’s and eldest daughter’s shares; to his
-eldest daughter, two-sevenths of his wife’s and son’s shares, and to
-his youngest daughter one-sixth of his son’s and eldest daughter’s
-shares. The wife’s share was £4,650. What did the gentleman leave,
-and what did each receive?
-
-
-SAMSON OUTDONE.
-
-A man boasted that he carried off an entire timber yard in his left
-hand. It turned out that the timber-yard was a three-foot rule.
-
-
-Domino Puzzle.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-167. Arrange the 28 dominoes in such a manner as to have two squares
-of each number; there are eight half-squares of each number in the
-complete set--eight sixes, eight fives, &c.--so that four of the
-one number comprise a square. The whole, when finished, will form a
-figure like a square, resembling a wide letter =I=.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-168. A sum of money is divided among a number of persons; the second
-gets 8d. more than the first, the third gets 1s. 4d. more than the
-second, the fourth 2s. more than the third, and so on. If the first
-gets 6d. and the last £5 2s. 6d., how many persons were there?
-
-
-IT COULDN’T BE EXPECTED.
-
-Teacher: “Johnny, where is the North Pole?”
-
-Johnny: “I don’t know.”
-
-Teacher: “Don’t know where the North Pole is?”
-
-Johnny: “When Franklin, Nansen and Captain Andrée hunted for it and
-couldn’t find it, how am I to know where it is?”
-
-
-169. For a loan of 2,500,000, 4½ per cent. per annum is paid by
-a mining company whose capital is £4,900,000. The working expenses
-constitute 52 per cent. of the gross receipts, which amount in the
-year to £965,000, and the directors set apart £44,450 as a reserve
-fund. What yearly dividend do the shareholders receive?
-
-
-170. If a monkey climbs a greasy pole 10 ft. high, ascending 1 ft. with
-each movement of his arms, and slipping back 6 in. after each advance;
-how many movements would he have to make, to touch the top, and what
-height would he have climbed in all?
-
-
-171. Find two numbers whose G.C.M. is 179, L.C.M. 56385, and
-difference 10382.
-
-
-172. What is the difference between twenty four-quart bottles, and
-four and twenty quart bottles?
-
-
-THE G.C.M.
-
-The Greatest Common Measure--A “long pint.”
-
-173. There are two casks, one of which holds thirty gallons more than
-the other. The larger is filled with wine, the smaller with water.
-Ten gallons are taken out of each: that from the first is poured into
-the second; the operation is repeated, and it is now found that the
-larger cask contains 13 gallons of water. Find the contents of each
-cask.
-
-
-174.
-       In the midst of a paddock well stored with grass,
-       I engaged just an acre to tether my ass;
-       What length must that cord be, in grazing all round
-       That he may graze over just one acre of ground?
-
-175. If three first-class cost as much as five second-class tickets
-for a journey of 100 miles, the total cost of the eight tickets
-being £3 2s. 6d., find the charge per mile for each first-class and
-second-class ticket.
-
-
-HUMILITY.
-
-In a certain street are three tailors. The first to set up shop hung
-out this sign--“Here is the best tailor in the town.” The next put
-up--“Here is the best tailor in the world.” The third simply had
-this--“Here is the best tailor in this street.”
-
-
-“On the Wallaby.”
-
-176. Four sundowners called at a station and asked for rations.
-“Well,” said the manager, “I have a job that will take 200 hours to
-complete; if you want to do it, you can divide the work and the money
-among yourselves as you see fit.” The sundowners agreed to do the
-work on these conditions. “Now, mates,” said the laziest of them,
-“it’s no good all of us doing the same amount of work. Let’s toss
-up to see who shall work the most hours a day, and who the fewest.
-Then let each man work as many days as he does hours a day.” This
-was agreed to; but the proposer took good care that chance should
-designate him to do the least number of hours of work. How were the
-200 hours put in so that each man should work as many hours as days,
-and yet no two men work the same number of hours?
-
-
-177. On multiplying a certain number by 517 a result is obtained
-greater by 7,303,535 than if the same number had been multiplied
-by 312. How much greater still would be the result if 811 were the
-multiplier instead of 312?
-
-
-A “CATCH.”
-
-178. Six ears of corn are in a hollow stump. How long will it take a
-squirrel to carry them all out if he takes but three ears a day?
-
-
-NUMBER 7.
-
-The number 7 has always been considered the most sacred of all our
-figures. Its prominence in the Scriptures is very remarkable, from
-Genesis--where we read that the seventh day was consecrated as a day
-of rest and repose--to Revelations--where we find the seven churches
-of Asia; seven golden candlesticks; the book with seven seals; the
-seven angels with seven trumpets; seven kings; seven thunders; seven
-plagues, &c., &c., its frequent occurrence is most striking.
-
-The Ancients paid great respect to the seven mouths of the Nile.
-The seven rivers of Vedic India; seven wonders of the world; seven
-precious stones; seven notes of music; seven colours of the rainbow,
-&c., &c. The “Lampads seven that watch the Throne of Heaven” led
-the Chaldeans to esteem the unit 7 as the holiest of all numbers,
-thereupon they established the week of seven days, and built their
-temples in seven stages. The temples and palaces of Burma and China
-are seven-roofed.
-
-In modern times this number has kept up its reputation. Shakespeare
-paid special regard to it; the “seven ages” and every multiple of it
-is supposed to be a critical or important period in one’s life.
-
-A modern philosopher as follows apportions--
-
-MAN’S FULL EXTREME.
-
-  7 years in childhood, sport and play,   (7)
-  7 years in school from day to day,     (14)
-  7 years at trade or college life,      (21)
-  7 years to find a place and wife,      (28)
-  7 years to pleasure’s follies given,   (35)
-  7 years to business hardly driven,     (42)
-  7 years for some wild-goose chase,     (49)
-  7 years for wealth, a bootless race,   (56)
-  7 years of hoarding for your heir,     (63)
-  7 years in weakness spent and care,    (70)
-  And then you die and go--you know not where.
-
-Very many superstitious and curious ideas have been and still are
-connected with all our figures. For those interested in this subject
-see page 146--“How To Become Quick At Figures” (Student’s Edition).
-
-
-“What’s the difference,” asked a teacher in arithmetic, “between one
-yard and two yards?” “A fence,” said Tommy Yates. Then Tommy sat on
-the ruler 14 times.
-
-
-179. What relation is a woman to me who is my mother’s only child’s
-wife’s daughter?
-
-
-THE ADVANTAGES OF SKILFUL BOOK-KEEPING.
-
-If a merchant wishes to get pretty deeply in debt, and then get rid
-of his liabilities by bankruptcy--if, in fact, he proposes to himself
-to go systematically into the swindling business, and engage in
-wholesale pecuniary transactions without a shilling of his own, the
-first thing he should take care to learn would be the whole art of
-book-keeping.
-
-From what may occasionally be seen of the reports of the proceedings
-in bankruptcy, it is found that _well kept books_ are regarded as
-quite a test of honesty, and though assets may have disappeared or
-never have existed, though large liabilities may have been incurred
-without any prospect of payment, the bankrupt will be complimented
-on the straight look of his dealings, if he has shown himself a good
-book-keeper.
-
-To common apprehension it would seem that well kept books would only
-help to show a reckless trader the ruinous result of his proceedings,
-and that while the man _without_ books might flatter himself that
-all would come out right at last, the man with exact accounts would
-only get into hot water with his eyes open. If a man may trade on
-the capital of others without any of his own, and get excused on the
-ground that he has kept his books correctly, it is difficult to see
-why a thief who steals purses, &c., may not plead in mitigation of
-punishment that he has carefully booked the whole of his transactions.
-
-It would be interesting to know the effect of producing a ledger
-on a trial for felony, as well as curious to observe whether a
-burglar would be leniently dealt with on the ground that his
-house-breaking accounts gave proof of his experience in the science
-of “double-entry.”
-
-Therefore it would be well for those interested to procure copies of
-“RE ACCOUNTS” and “ADVANCED THOUGHT ON ACCOUNTS.”
-
-
-THE FIRM HE REPRESENTED.
-
-A commercial traveller handed a merchant upon whom he had called a
-portrait of his sweetheart in mistake for his business card, saying
-that he represented that establishment. The merchant examined it
-carefully, remarked that it was a fine establishment, and returned it
-to the astonished and blushing traveller with the hope that he would
-soon be admitted into partnership.
-
-
-180. A man and a boy being paid for certain days’ work, the man
-received 27s., and the boy, who had been absent 3 days out of the
-time, received 12s. Had the man, instead of the boy, been absent the
-3 days they would both have claimed an equal sum. Find out the wages
-of each per day.
-
-
-181. The extremes of an arithmetical series are 21 and 497, and the
-number of terms is 41. What is the common difference?
-
-182. A wine which contains 7½ per cent. of spirit is frozen, and
-the ice which contains no spirit being removed the proportion of
-spirit in the wine is increased by 8¾ per cent. How much water in
-the shape of ice was removed from 504 gallons of the mixture?
-
-
-THE SHARP SELECTOR.
-
-183. A selector rented a farm, and agreed to give his landlord
-two-fifths of the produce, but prior to the time of dividing the corn
-the selector used 45 bushels. When the general division was made it
-was proposed to give to the landlord 18 bushels from the heap in lieu
-of the share of the 45 bushels which the tenant had used, and then to
-begin and divide the remainder as though none had been used. Would
-this method have been correct?
-
-
-A GOOD “AD.”
-
-A member of a certain firm appeared in a law court with a complaint
-that his partner would sell goods at less than cost price, and he
-desired to have him restrained. The defendant utterly denied the
-charge, and the case was adjourned for a fortnight. As the plaintiff
-went out of court he exclaimed in a tragic tone: “Then the sacrifice
-must still go on!” and “I’ll be ruined!” The story was noised
-abroad, and the result was that the shop was besieged by customers
-every day. There the case ended, for at the end of the fortnight
-the plaintiff failed to appear in court, having accomplished his
-purpose--advertisement.
-
-
-184. I give 3 sovereigns for 2 dozen wine at different rates per
-dozen, and by selling the cheaper kind at a profit of 15 per cent.
-and the dearer at a loss of 8 per cent. I obtain a uniform price for
-both. What did each dozen cost me?
-
-
-185. I have in my garden a shrub that grows 12 inches every day, but
-during the night it withers off to half the height that it was at the
-end of the previous day. How much short of 2 feet will it be at the
-end of a year?
-
-
-TIT-FOR-TAT.
-
-186. A farmer puts a 3 lb. stone in a keg of butter worth 11d. a
-pound. The merchant cheats him out of 1 lb. on the weight, and then
-does him out of 1s. 11d. on calico, tobacco, and a shovel. Who is
-ahead, and how much?
-
-
-187. Trains leave London and Edinburgh (400 miles apart) at the same
-time and meet after 5 hours; the train which leaves London travels 8
-miles an hour faster than that which leaves Edinburgh. At what rate
-did the former travel, and at what speed must the latter travel after
-they have met, in order that they both may reach their destinations
-at the same time?
-
-
-“GOOD ENOUGH!”
-
-“Will you give me a glass of beer, please?” asked a rather
-seedy-looking fellow with an old but well-brushed coat and almost too
-shiny a hat. It was produced by the barmaid, frothing over the edge
-of the tumbler.
-
-“Thank you,” said the recipient, as he placed it to his lips. Having
-finished it in a swallow, he smacked his lips and said, “That is very
-good beer--_very_! Whose is it?”
-
-“Why, that Perkins’s----”
-
-“Ah! Perkins’s, is it! Well, give us another glass.”
-
-It was done; and holding it up to the light and looking through it,
-the connoisseur said:--
-
-“’Pon my word, it is grand beer--clear as Madeira! What a fine color!
-I must have some more of that; give me another glass.”
-
-The glass was filled again, but before putting it to his lips the
-imbiber said:--
-
-“_Whose_ beer did you say this was?”
-
-“Perkins’s,” emphatically replied the barmaid.
-
-The contents of the glass was exhausted, as also the vocabulary of
-praise, and it only remained for the appreciative gentleman to say,
-as he wiped his mouth and went towards the door:--
-
-“Perkins’s beer, is it! I know Perkins very well; I shall see
-him soon, and will settle with him for three long glasses of his
-incomparable brew. Good morning.”
-
-
-A Conspiracy.
-
-188. Three gentlemen are going over a ferry with their three
-servants, who conspire to rob them if they can get one gentleman to
-two of them, or two to three, on either side of the ferry. They have
-a boat that will only carry two at once, and either a gentleman or a
-servant must bring back the boat each time a cargo of them goes over.
-How can the gentlemen get over with all their servants so as to avoid
-an attack?
-
-
-189. Find two numbers whose product is equal to the difference of
-their squares, and the sum of their squares equal to the difference
-of their cubes?
-
-
-190. Divide 1400 into such parts as shall have the same ratio as the
-cubes of the first four natural numbers.
-
-
-This was the tempting notice lately exhibited in the window of a
-dealer in cheap shirts: “They won’t last long at this price!”
-
-
-POSTING THE LEDGER.
-
-The well known author of several works on account-keeping, Mr.
-Yaldwyn, tells a rather good thing which actually occurred in New
-Zealand some time back. Mr. Yaldwyn was at the time engaged examining
-the books in one of the offices in a country town, and enquired
-from one of the clerks standing near if the ledger were posted.
-The person appealed to answered that “he didn’t know,” whereupon
-Mr. Y. said that he required it done, and with as little delay as
-possible. A few minutes later the same individual came rushing in and
-informed him that the ledger was “posted.” Such a piece of “lightning
-book-keeping” so surprised Mr. Y. that he further questioned the man,
-who replied “You said you wanted the ledger posted, and, begorra, I
-posted it.” It then dawned upon Mr. Yaldwyn that the clerk, who was
-an Irishman, had actually _posted_ the book in the post office!
-
-
-THEY MANAGED IT.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-191. Billy and Tommy, two aboriginals, killed a kangaroo in the bush,
-and began quarrelling over the weight of the animal. They had no
-proper means of weighing it, but, knowing their own weights, Billy
-130 lbs. and Tommy 190 lbs., they placed a log of wood across a stump
-so that it balanced with one on each end. They then exchanged places,
-and, the lighter man taking the kangaroo on his knees, the log again
-balanced. What was the weight of the kangaroo?
-
-
-192. A son asked his father how old he was, and received the
-following answer: “Your age is now one quarter of mine, but five
-years ago it was only one-fifth.” How old is the father?
-
-
-193. Place three sixes together so as to make seven.
-
-
-THE PASSING TRAINS PUZZLE.
-
-194. If through passenger trains running to and from New York and San
-Francisco daily start at the same hour from each place (difference
-of longitude not being considered) and take the same time--seven
-days--for the trip, how many such trains coming in an opposite
-direction will a train leaving New York meet before it arrives at San
-Francisco?
-
-
-THE SCHOOL-TEACHER “CAUGHT.”
-
-Two of our Public Schools were engaged playing a football match one
-afternoon. The head master of one of them had generously given the
-boys a half-holiday; but the gentleman who held the same capacity in
-the other school, not being an ardent admirer of Australia’s national
-game, refused to do so. When school assembled in the afternoon, a
-boy volunteered to ask the master for the desired holiday. When the
-question was put, he firmly answered, “No, no!” whereupon the bright
-youth called out: “Hurrah! we have our holiday; two negatives make an
-affirmative.” The teacher was so pleased at the boy’s sharpness that
-he dismissed the school right away.
-
-
-195. A man arrives at the railway station nearest to his home 1½
-hours before the time at which he had ordered his carriage to meet
-him. He sets out at once to walk at the rate of four miles an hour,
-and, meeting his carriage when it had travelled eight miles, reaches
-home exactly one hour earlier than he had originally expected. How
-far was his house from the station, and at what rate was his carriage
-driven?
-
-
-“OFF THE TRACK.”
-
-196. A man starts to walk from a town, A, to a town B, a distance by
-road of 16 miles, at the rate of 4 miles an hour. There is a point
-C on the road, at which the road to B leads away to the right, and
-another road at right-angles to this latter goes to the left, “to no
-place in particular.” The unwary traveller gets on to this left hand
-road, and is walking for 2¼ hours since he left A, before he finds
-out his mistake, and he resolves not to go back to the junction,
-which is five miles away, but makes straight across the bush to B,
-and strikes it exactly. How long did it take to go from A to B?
-
-
-GAMBLING.
-
-197. Three friends, A, B, and C, sit down to play cards. As a result
-of the first game, A lost to each of B and C as much money as they
-started to play with; the result of the second game B lost similarly
-to each of A and C; and in the third, C lost similarly to each of A
-and B;--and they then had 24s. each. What had they each at first?
-
-
-This Sticks Them Up.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-198. A, who is a dealer in horses, sells one to B for £55. B very
-soon discovers that he does not require the animal, and sells him
-back to A for £50. Now, A is not long in finding another customer for
-the horse: he sells it to C for £60. How much money does A make out
-of this transaction?
-
-This question has been the cause of endless discussion and argument.
-
-It might be as well to state that when A first sold the horse to B he
-neither made nor lost any money by the deal.
-
-
-SCRIPTURAL FINANCE.
-
-199. What is the earliest banking transaction mentioned in the Bible?
-The answer generally given to this is, “The check which Pharaoh
-received on the banks of the Red Sea, crossed by Moses & Co.” There
-is still an earlier instance: see if you can find it out.
-
-
-200. How much tea at 6s. per lb. must be mixed with 12 lbs. at 3s. 8d.
-per lb. so that the mixture may be worth 4s. 4d. per lb.?
-
-
-201. Place 17 little sticks--matches, for instance--making six equal
-squares, as in the margin, then remove five sticks and leave three
-perfect squares of the same size.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-FOR THE JEWELLER.
-
-202. How much gold of 21 and 23 carats must be mixed with 30 oz of 20
-carats, so that the mixture may be 22 carats?
-
-
-LONDON GRAMMAR.
-
-Three cockneys, being out one evening in a dense fog, came up to
-a building that they thus described. The first said, “There’s a
-_nouse_.” “No,” said the second, “It’s a _nut_.” The third exclaimed
-“You’re both wrong; it’s a _nin_!”
-
-
-203. A draper sold 12 yards of cloth at 20s. per yard, and lost 10
-per cent. What was the prime cost?
-
-
-204. A jockey, on a horse galloping at the rate of 18 miles an hour
-on the Flemington racecourse, passes in 30 minutes over the diameter
-and curve of a semi-circle. What area does he enclose by the ride?
-
-
-205. How many trees 20 feet apart cover an acre?
-
-  “Multiplication is vexation,
-  Division is as bad.
-  The rule of three, it puzzles me,
-  And fractions drive me mad.”
-
-
-MULTIPLY £19 19s. 11¾d. BY £19 19s. 11¾d.
-
-This very old question is continually cropping up, and will continue
-to do so as long as men are able to reckon. The answer generally
-given is £399 19s. 2d. and a fraction, and the method of working it
-out as follows:--
-
-  £19 19s. 11¾d.  = 19199 farthings.
-
-  19199   19199   368601601
-  ----- x ----- = --------- and so on.
-    960     960      921600
-
-Many adopt the following method:--
-
-  £20 x £20 = £400
-
-                                   £   s    d
-                                  400  0    0
-          ¼d x ¼d = 1/16   less             1/16
-                                 ----------------
-                                 £399 19 11-15/16 Ans.
-
-It would be possible to adopt other methods, each of which would give
-a different result.
-
-Properly speaking, _this sum cannot be done_.
-
-Multiplication is merely a contracted form of addition: it means
-taking a number or quantity a certain number of times. Every
-multiplication can be proved by addition. All numbers are _abstract_
-or _concrete_--3 is abstract, £3 is concrete.
-
-Two abstract numbers can be multiplied together--as, 4 times 3 = 12.
-
-  Proof: 3
-         3
-         3
-         3
-        --
-        12
-
-One abstract number and one concrete number can be multiplied
-together--as 2s. multiplied by 3 = 6s.
-
-  Proof:   2s.
-           2s.
-           2s.
-           ---
-           6s.
-
-Two concrete numbers cannot be multiplied together.
-
-In the example just given, 2s. multiplied by 3, we see it simply
-means to write down 2s. three times, and by addition we discover the
-answer to be 6s. Suppose the reader lent a friend 2s. on Monday, 2s.
-on Tuesday, and 2s. on Wednesday, he has lent 2s. three times, making
-6s. lent in all.
-
-Now, we will attempt to multiply 2s. by 3s., but it is impossible
-to comprehend how many times is 3s. times. The answer to 2s. x 3s.
-usually given is 6s. On the same lines, we multiply 9d. by 10d., and
-our answer is--90d., that is 7s. 6d.--a greater product than 2s.
-multiplied by 3s.
-
-Although it is stated that two concrete numbers cannot be multiplied
-together, it should be borne in mind that we can multiply yards,
-feet, and inches, by yards, feet, and inches (length by breadth),
-which will result in square or cubic measure: 12 inches make 1 foot,
-and 3 feet make one yard, 144 square inches make 1 square foot, &c.
-12 pence make 1 shilling, but how many square pence make 1 square
-shilling?
-
-The argument generally brought forward in favour of the performance
-of this problem is, that when the Rule of Three is applied to
-financial questions (such as interests, &c.) money is multiplied by
-money.
-
-Example.--If the interest on £10 is 15s., what is the interest on £20?
-
-  As £10 : £20 :: 15s. : _x_
-
-       15
-     ____
-  10)300
-     ----
-      30      Ans. 30s.
-
-The multiplication in the above is in appearance only, for all we get
-in the Rule of Three is the ratio between the sums of money and this
-ratio is an abstract number, and not concrete. On examination we find
-the ratio between £10 and £20; that the latter is double, or _two_
-times as much as the former, and not £2 times more than it.
-
-We extend a general invitation to all our readers who hold a
-different opinion to multiply three pints of Dewar’s Whisky by 6
-quarts of soda-water, but in case they might plead inability to
-perform this little feat, on conscientious grounds, we will extend
-the invitation to three cups of tea by six spoonfuls of sugar. And if
-any of them have a few pounds (say £10) in the Savings Bank we would
-advise “Don’t _add_ any more deposits, but wait till you have £2,
-then proceed to the bank and multiply the £10 by the £2, and prove
-to the teller that you have £20 to your account. Be careful to take
-no less a sum than £2, or the result might be a little surprising,
-for if you take only £1, the teller might argue after he has received
-your sovereign that “ten ones are ten,” and then your £10 would
-remain the same.”
-
-
-206. What is the difference between six dozen dozen and half a dozen
-dozen?
-
-
-A TELL-TALE TABLE.
-
-There is a good deal of amusement in the following table. It will
-enable you to tell how old the young ladies are. Ask a young lady to
-tell you in which column or columns her age is found, add together
-the figures at the top of the columns in which she says her age is,
-and you have the secret. Suppose a young lady is 19. You will find
-that number in the first, second and fifth columns; add the first
-figures of these columns--1, 2 and 16--and you get the age.
-
-   1     2     4     8    16    32
-   3     3     5     9    17    33
-   5     6     6    10    18    34
-   7     7     7    11    19    35
-   9    10    12    12    20    36
-  11    11    13    13    21    37
-  13    14    14    14    22    38
-  15    15    15    15    23    39
-  17    18    20    24    24    40
-  19    19    21    25    25    41
-  21    22    22    26    26    42
-  23    23    23    27    27    43
-  25    26    28    28    28    44
-  27    27    29    29    29    45
-  29    30    30    30    30    46
-  31    31    31    31    31    47
-  33    34    36    40    48    48
-  35    35    37    41    49    49
-  37    38    38    42    50    50
-  39    39    39    43    51    51
-  41    42    44    44    52    52
-  43    43    45    45    53    53
-  45    46    46    46    54    54
-  47    47    47    47    55    55
-  49    50    52    56    56    56
-  51    51    53    57    57    57
-  53    54    54    58    58    58
-  55    55    55    59    59    59
-  57    58    60    60    60    60
-  59    59    61    61    61    61
-  61    62    62    62    62    62
-  63    63    63    63    63    63
-
-
-COIN PUZZLE.
-
-[Illustration: 2/-1d. 2/-1d. 2/-1d. 2/-1d.]
-
-207. Place four florins alternately with four pennies, and in four
-moves, moving two adjacent coins each time, bring the florins
-together and the pence together. When finished there must be no
-spaces between the coins.
-
-
-208. If 2 be added to the numerator of a certain fraction, it is made
-equal to one-fifth, whilst if 2 be taken from the denominator it
-becomes equal to one-sixth. Find the fraction.
-
-
-EUCLID.--THE FAMOUS FORTY-SEVENTH.
-
-“_In any right-angled triangle, the square which is described
-upon the side opposite to the right-angle is equal to the squares
-described upon the sides which contain the right-angle._”
-
-Here is a simple way of proving this proposition. Although perhaps
-not exactly scholastic, it is none the less interesting.
-
-Draw an exact square, whose sides measure 7 in.; then divide it into
-49 square inches. Having done this, cut the figure in following the
-big lines as shown by Fig 1. It will be observed that C is a complete
-square, and that A and B will form a square: but as D is 1 in. short
-of being a square, it is necessary to cut a square inch and add it on.
-
-[Illustration: Fig. 1.]
-
-[Illustration: Fig. 2.]
-
-Then construct a right-angled triangle as shown by Figure 2.
-
-We then see that the sum of the two small squares is equivalent to
-the large square.
-
-      D contains  9 small squares.
-  A & B   do.    16     do.
-                 --
-                 25
-
-And as we see that C has 25 small squares, it is thus proved that the
-sum of the squares upon the sides which contain the right angle are
-equal to the squares upon the side opposite the right angle.
-
-_Q.E.D._
-
-
-THE GREAT FISH PROBLEM.
-
-209. There is a fish the head of which is 9 in. long, the tail is as
-long as the head and half the back, and the back is as long as the
-head and tail together. What is the length of the fish?
-
-
-210. How may 100 be expressed with four nines?
-
-
-211. Two shepherds, A and B, meeting on the road, began talking of
-the number of sheep each had, when A said to B, “Give me one of your
-sheep, and I will have as many as you.” “Oh, no!” replied B; “give me
-one of yours, and I will have as many again as you.” How many sheep
-had each?
-
-
-A BRICK PUZZLE.
-
-ONE FOR BUILDERS, CONTRACTORS, &C.
-
-212. Suppose the measurements of a brick to be:--Length, 9 in.;
-breadth, 4½ in.; depth, 3 in. How many “stretchers, headers and
-closures” can be cut out of one, and what would be the face area of
-same?
-
-For the benefit of the uninitiated we might say that
-
-  “stretcher” = length of brick x depth
-  “header”    = breadth         "
-  “closure”   = half-breadth    "
-
-
-213. A woman has a basket of 150 eggs; for every 1½ goose egg she
-has 2½ duck eggs and 3½ hen eggs. How many of each had she?
-
-
-The Great Chess Problem.
-
-THE KNIGHT MOVE.
-
-214. Move the Knight over all the 64 squares of the chess board so
-as to successively cover each square and, of course, not enter any
-square twice. This problem has always proved to be an interesting
-one. Mathematicians throughout all ages have devoted a good deal of
-time to it. To chess players it should be especially attractive.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-215. If 3 times a certain number be taken from 7 times the same
-number the remainder will be 8. What is the number?
-
-
-216. Divide £27 among 3 persons, A, B and C, so that B may have twice
-as much as A, and C 3 times as much as B.
-
-
-ANSWER THIS.
-
-217. Suppose it were possible for a man in Sydney to start on Sunday
-noon, January 1st, and travel westward with the sun, so that it might
-be in his meridian all the time, he would arrive at Sydney next day
-at noon, Monday, Jan. 2nd. Now, it was Sunday noon when he started,
-it was noon with him all the way round, and is Monday noon when he
-returns. The question is, at what point did it change from Sunday to
-Monday?
-
-
-218. Start with 1 and keep on doubling for eight times, thus giving
-nine numbers, and arrange them in a square that when multiplied
-together, horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, the product of
-each row will be the cube of the number which must go in the centre
-of the square.
-
-
-The happiest year in a man’s life is 40; for then he can XL.
-
-
-Bound to Win!
-
-219. A certain gentleman, who was employed in one of our city
-offices, purchased THE DOCTRINE OF CHANCE, which he studied
-in his spare time, with the result that he sent in his resignation to
-the head of the firm in order to try his luck on the racecourse.
-
-At the first meeting he attended, there were only three horses in a
-race. His brother bookmakers were crying out the odds--
-
-“Two to 1 bar one.”
-
-The odds on this latter horse which was “barred” he discovered to be
-6 to 4 _on_. He determined to give far more liberal odds, and called
-out--
-
-“Even money, 2 to 1, and 3 to 1.”
-
-How could he give such odds, and yet win £1, _no matter which horse
-wins the race_?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-AN INCH OF RAIN.
-
-How many people really consider what is contained in the expression?
-Calculated, it amounts to this:--An acre is equal to 6,272,640 square
-inches; an inch deep of water on this area will be as many cubic
-inches of water, which, at 277·274 inches to the gallon, is 22622·5
-gallons. The quantity weighs 226,225 lbs. Thus, an “inch of rain” is
-over 100 tons of water to the acre.
-
-
-Extract from a small boy’s first essay:--“Man has two hans. One is
-the rite han an one is the left han. The rite han is fur ritin, and
-the left han is fur leftin. Both hans at once is fur stummik ake.”
-
-
-220. Find the side of a square whose area is equal to twice the sum
-of its sides?
-
-
-“THE EVIDENCE YOU NOW GIVE, &c., &c.”
-
-221. Smith, Brown, and Jones were witnesses in a law case. The
-first-named gentleman swore that a certain thing occurred; Brown, on
-being called, confirmed Smith’s statement, but Jones denied it. They
-are known to tell the truth as follows:--
-
-  Smith, once in  3 times
-  Brown,   "   "  5   "
-  Jones,   "   " 10   "
-
-What is the probability that the statement is true?
-
-
-When a man attains the age of 90 years, he may be termed
-XC-dingly old.
-
-
-
-
-Examination Gems.
-
-
-A school examination room might not to a casual observer seem to be a
-very likely place to find entertainment. However, the answers often
-given by pupils are sometimes excruciatingly funny, as is proved by
-the following:--
-
-
-DEFINITIONS.
-
-Function.--“When a fellow feels in a funk.”
-
-Quotation.--“The answer to a division sum.”
-
-Civil War.--“When each side gives way a little.”
-
-The Four Seasons.--“Pepper, mustard, salt and vinegar.”
-
-Alias.--“Means otherwise--he was tall, but she was alias.”
-
-Compurgation.--“When he was going to have anything done to him, and
-if he could get anyone to say, ‘not innocent,’ he was let off.”
-
-The Equator.--“Means the sun. Suppose we draw a straight line and the
-sun goes up to the top, then it is day, and when it comes down it is
-night.”
-
-Precession.--“(1) When things happen before they take place. (2) The
-arrival of the equator in the plane of the ecliptic before it is due.”
-
-Demagogue.--“A vessel that holds beer, wine, gin, whisky, or any
-other intoxicating liquor.”
-
-Chimera.--“A thing used to take likenesses with.”
-
-Watershed.--“A place in which boats are stored in winter.”
-
-Gender.--“Is the way whereby we tell what sex a man is.”
-
-Cynical.--“A cynical lump of sugar is one pointed at the top.”
-
-Immaculate.--“State of those who have passed the entrance examination
-at the University.”
-
-Frantic.--“Means wild. I picked up some frantic flowers.”
-
-Nutritious.--“Something to eat that aint got no taste to it.”
-
-Repugnant.--“One who repugs.”
-
-Memory.--“The thing you forget with.”
-
-
-HISTORY.
-
-“Without the uses of History everything goes to the bottom. It is a
-most interesting study when you know something about it.”
-
-“Oliver Cromwell was a man who was put into prison for his
-interference in Ireland. When he was in prison he wrote ‘The
-Pilgrim’s Progress,’ and married a lady called Mrs. O’Shea.”
-
-“Wolsey was a famous General who fought in the Crimean war, and who,
-after being decapitated several times, said to Cromwell, ‘Ah, if I
-had only served you as you have served me, I would not have been
-deserted in my old age.’ He was the founder of the Wesleyan Chapel,
-and was afterwards called Lord Wellington. A monument was erected to
-him in Hyde Park, but it has been taken down lately.”
-
-“Perkin Warbeck raised a rebellion in the reign of Henry VIII.
-He said he was the son of a Prince, but he was really the son of
-respectable people.”
-
-Which do you consider the greater General, Cæsar or Hannibal? “If we
-consider who Cæsar and Hannibal were, the age in which they lived,
-and the kind of men they commanded, and then ask ourselves which was
-the greater, we shall be obliged to reply in the affirmative.”
-
-Why was it that his great discovery was not properly appreciated
-until after Columbus was dead? “Because he did not advertise.”
-
-What were the slaves and servants of the King called in England?
-“Serfs, vassals, and vaselines.”
-
-
-DIVINITY.
-
-Parable.--“A heavenly story with no earthly meaning.”
-
-“Esau was a man who wrote fables, and who sold the copyright to a
-publisher for a bottle of potash.”
-
-What is Divine right? “The liberty to do what you like in church.”
-
-What is a Papal bull? “A sort of cow, only larger, and does not give
-milk.”
-
-“Titus was a Roman Emperor, supposed to have written the Epistle to
-the Hebrews. His other name was Oates.”
-
-Explain the difference between the religious belief of the Jews and
-Samaritans? “The Jews believed in the synagogue, and had their Sunday
-on a Saturday; but the Samaritans believed in the Church of England
-and worshipped in groves of oak; therefore the Jews had no dealings
-with the Samaritans.”
-
-Give two instances in the Bible where an animal spoke? “(1) Balaam’s
-ass. (2) When the whale said unto Jonah, ‘Almost thou persuadest me
-to be a Christian.’”
-
-
-MATHEMATICS.
-
-A Problem.--“Something you can’t find out.”
-
-Hypotenuse.--“A certain thing is given to you, or it means let it be
-granted that such and such a thing is equal or unequal to something
-else.”
-
-“If there are no units in a number you have to fill it up with all
-zeros.”
-
-“Units of any order are expressed by writing in the place of the
-order.”
-
-“A factor is sometimes a faction.”
-
-“If fractions have a common denominator, find the difference in the
-denominator.”
-
-“Interest on interest is confound interest.”
-
-
-GRAMMAR.
-
-“Grammar is the way you speak in 9 different parts of speech; it is
-an art divided in 4 quarters--tortology is one, and sintax one more.”
-
-An Abstract Noun.--“Something you can think of, but not touch--a
-red-hot poker.”
-
-An Article.--“That wich begins words and sentences.”
-
-A Pronoun “is when you don’t want to say a noun, and so you say a
-pronoun.”
-
-“A Adjective is the colour of a noun, a black dog is a adjective.”
-
-“Adjectives of more than one syllable are repaired by adding
-some more syllables.”
-
-“Nouns are the names of everything that is common and has
-a proper name.”
-
-Verb.--“To go for a swim is a verb what you do.”
-
-“Adverbs are verbs that end with a lie and distinguish words. It is
-used to mortify a noun, and is a person, place, or thing, sometimes
-it is turned into a noun and then becomes a noun or pronoun.”
-
-“Preposition means when you say anything of anything.”
-
-“Conjunction means what joins things together; ‘--and 2 men shook
-hands.’”
-
-“Nouns denoting male and female and things without sex is neuter.
-‘The cow jumped over the fence’ is a transitif nuter verb because
-fence isen’t the name of anything and has no sex.”
-
-Interjection.--“Words which you use when you sing out.”
-
-“Gender is how you tell what sex a man is.”
-
-
-Which Hand is It In?
-
-[Illustration]
-
-A person having in one hand a piece of gold, and in the other a piece
-of silver, you may tell in which hand he has the gold, and in which
-the silver, by the following method:--
-
-Some even number (such as 8) must be given to the gold, and an odd
-number (such as 3) must be given to the silver; after which, tell the
-person to multiply the number in the right hand by any even number
-whatever, and that in the left hand by an odd number; then bid him
-add together the two products, and if the whole sum be odd, the gold
-will be in the right hand and the silver in the left; if the sum be
-even, the contrary will be the case.
-
-To conceal the artifice better, it will be sufficient to ask whether
-the sum of the two products can be halved without a remainder--for in
-that case the total will be even, and in the contrary case odd.
-
-
-222. Which is the heavier, and by how much--a pound of gold or a
-pound of feathers; an ounce of gold or an ounce of feathers?
-
-
-223. Plant an orchard of 21 trees, so that there shall be 9
-straight rows with 5 trees in each row, the outline to be a regular
-geometrical figure.
-
-
-SETTLING UP.
-
-224. A person paid a debt of £5 with sovereigns and half-crowns. Now,
-there were half the number of sovereigns that there were half-crowns.
-How many were there of each?
-
-
-A “CATCH.”
-
-  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-
-225. How can you rub out 20 marks on a slate, have only five rubs,
-and rub out every time an odd one?
-
-
-226.   From six take nine, from nine take ten,
-       From forty take fifty, and six will remain.
-
-
-227. A man and his wife lived in wedlock, one-third of his age and
-one-fourth of hers. Now, the man was eight years older than his wife
-at marriage, and she survived him 20 years. How old were they when
-married?
-
-
-TO PROVE THAT YOU HAVE ELEVEN FINGERS.
-
-Count all the fingers of the two hands, then commence to count
-backwards on one hand, saying, “10, 9, 8, 7, 6” (with emphasis on
-the _6_), and hold up the other hand saying, “and 5 makes 11.” This
-simple deception has often puzzled many.
-
-
-228. A man travelled a certain journey at the rate of four miles an
-hour, and returned at the rate of three miles an hour. He took 21
-hours in going and returning. What was the total distance gone over?
-
-
-229. From what height above the earth will a person see one-third of
-its surface?
-
-
-230. The difference between 17/21 and 11/14 of a certain sum is £10.
-What is the sum?
-
-
-231. What decimal fraction is a second of a day?
-
-
-232. Two trains are running on parallel lines in the same direction
-at rates respectively 45 miles and 35 miles an hour; the length of
-the first is 17 yds. 2 ft., and of the second 70 yds. 1 ft. How long
-will the one be in passing the other?
-
-
-233.
-       Suppose a bushel to be exactly round,
-       And the depth, when measured, eight inches be found;
-       If the breadth 18·789 inches you discover,
-       This bushel is legal all England over:
-       But a workman would make one of another frame,
-       Seven inches and a half the depth of the same;
-       Now say of what length must the diameter be,
-       That it may with the former in measure agree.
-
-
-WORTH TRYING.
-
-A well known writer on mathematics, and a member of the Academy of
-Science, Paris, says that the most skilful calculator could not in
-less than a month find within a unit the cube root of
-696536483318640035073641037.
-
-
-A PROBLEM THAT WORRIED THE ANCIENTS.
-
-Many profound works have been written on the following famous
-problem:--
-
-“When a man says ‘I lie,’ does he lie, or does he not? If he lies he
-speaks the truth; if he speaks the truth he lies.”
-
-Several philosophers studied themselves to death in vain attempts to
-solve it. Reader, have a “go” at it.
-
-
-THE CABINET MAKER’S PUZZLE.
-
-234. A cabinet maker has a circular piece of veneering with which he
-has to veneer the tops of two oval stools; but it so happens that the
-area of the stools, exclusive of the hand-holes in the centre and
-that of the circular piece, are the same. How must he cut his veneer
-so as to be exactly sufficient for his purpose?
-
-
-THE ARITHMETICAL TRIANGLE.
-
-  1
-  2,  1
-  3,  3,  1
-  4,  6,  4,  1
-  5, 10, 10,  5,  1
-  6, 15, 20, 15,  6,  1
-  7, 21, 35, 35, 21,  7,  1
-  8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28,  8,  1
-
-Write down the numbers 1, 2, 3, &c., as far as you please in a
-column. On the right hand of 2 place 1, add them together and place
-3 under the 1; the 3 added to 3 = 6, which place under the 3, and
-so on; this gives the second column. The third is found from the
-second in a similar way. By the triangle we can determine how many
-combinations can be made, taking any number at a time out of a larger
-number. For instance, a group of 8 gentlemen agreed that they should
-visit the Crystal Palace 3 at a time, and that the visits should be
-continued daily as long as a different three could be selected. In
-how many days were the possible combinations of 3 out of 8 completed?
-
-METHOD: Look down the first column till you come to 8, then
-see what number is horizontal with it in the third column, viz., 56.
-(For the method usually adopted for working out calculations like the
-above, see DOCTRINE OF CHANCE.)
-
-
-235. Why is a pound note more valuable than a sovereign?
-
-
-KEEPING UP STYLE.
-
-236. A certain hotelkeeper was never at a loss to produce a large
-appearance with small means. In the dining-room were three tables,
-between which he could divide 21 bottles of wine, of which 7 only
-were full, 7 half-full, and 7 apparently just emptied, and in such a
-manner that each table had the same number of bottles and the same
-quantity of wine. How did he manage it?
-
-
-A DOMINO TRICK.
-
-Ask the company to arrange the whole set of dominoes whilst you are
-absent in any way they please, subject, however, to domino rules--a
-6 placed next to a 6, a 5 to a 5, and so on. You now return and
-state that you can tell, without seeing them, what the numbers are
-at either end of the chain. The secret lies in the fact that the
-complete set of 28 dominoes, arranged as above-mentioned, forms a
-circle or endless chain. If arranged in a line the two end numbers
-will be found to be the same, and may be brought together, completing
-the circle. You privately abstract one domino (not a double), thus
-causing a break in the chain. The numbers left at the ends of the
-line will then be the same as those of the “missing link” (say the
-3-5 or 6-2.) The trick may be repeated, but you must not forget to
-exchange the stolen domino for another.
-
-
-237. A busman not having room in his stables for eight of his horses
-increased his stable by one half, and then had room for eight more
-than his whole number. How many horses had he?
-
-
-AN ANCIENT QUESTION.
-
-238. “Tell us, illustrious Pythagoras how many pupils frequent thy
-school?” “One-half,” replied the philosopher, “study mathematics, one
-fourth natural philosophy, one-seventh observe silence, and there are
-3 females besides.” How many had he?
-
-
-EVADING THE QUESTION.
-
-239. A lady being asked her age, and not wishing to give a direct
-answer, said, “I have nine children, and three years elapsed between
-the birth of each of them. The eldest was born when I was 19 years
-old, and the youngest now is exactly 19.” How old was she?
-
-
-A ’CENTAGE “CATCH.”
-
-240. A man sells a diamond for £60; the number expressing the profit
-per cent. is equal to half the number expressing the cost. What was
-the cost?
-
-
-241. Having 5½ hours to spare, how far may I go out by a coach at
-the rate of 8 miles an hour so that I may be back in time, walking at
-the rate of three miles an hour?
-
-
-The Cross Puzzle.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-242. Cut out of a piece of card five pieces similar in shape and
-proportion to the annexed figures.
-
-  1 piece  similar to 1
-  3 pieces    "    "  2
-  1 piece     "    "  3
-
-These five pieces are then to be so joined as to form a cross like
-that represented by 4.
-
-
-Irish Counting.
-
-An Irishman who had lately arrived in the colony was employed as
-handy man at one of our large suburban mansions. The lady of the
-house, hearing that some midnight thief had walked off with some of
-her prize poultry, desired Pat to count them as speedily as possible
-and to inform her how many there were; he accordingly left off
-cleaning the buggy, and proceeded to enumerate the feathered bipeds.
-The lady, getting impatient of waiting for him, repaired to the
-poultry yard, and noticing him chasing a small chicken, enquired,
-“Pat, whatever are you doing!” when the Irishman replied; “I’ve
-counted all the chickens except this one; but the little varmint
-won’t stand still till I count him.”
-
-
-THE JEW “JEWED.”
-
-243. An old Jew took a diamond cross to a jeweller to have the
-diamonds re-set, and fearing that the jeweller might be dishonest
-he counted the diamonds, and found that they numbered 7 in three
-different ways. Now, the jeweller stole two diamonds, but arranged
-the remainder so that they counted 7 each way as before. How was it
-done?
-
-      7
-      6
-  7 6 5 6 7
-      4
-      3
-      2
-      1
-
-
-244. A person wishing to enclose a piece of ground with palisades
-found that if he set them a foot apart that he should have too few by
-150, but if he set them a yard apart he should have too many by 70.
-How many had he?
-
-
-245. A mechanic is hired for 60 days on consideration that for each
-day he works he shall receive 7s. 6d., but for each day he is idle he
-shall pay 2s. 6d. for his board, and at the end he receives £6. How
-many days did he work?
-
-
-246. Take one from nineteen and leave twenty.
-
-
-THE CAMEL PROBLEM.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-247. An Arab Sheik, when departing this life, left the whole of his
-property to his three sons. The property consisted of 17 camels, and
-in dividing it the following proportions were to be observed:--
-
-The oldest son was to have one-half of the camels, the second son
-one-third, and the youngest son one-ninth; but it was provided that
-the camels were not, on any account, to be injured, but to be divided
-as they were--living--between the three sons.
-
-Thereupon, a great argument ensued. The eldest son claimed 8½
-camels. The second insisted upon receiving 5⅔ of a camel; while
-the youngest son would not be comforted with less than 1-8/9 of a
-camel. The Cadi (or Judge) happened to appear on the scene. To him
-the matter was explained. Without a moment’s hesitation he gave his
-decision--a decision by which the claims of all three contestants
-were fully satisfied.
-
-How did the Cadi settle this knotty question?
-
-
-248. A grocer has 6 weights--each one twice as much as the one before
-it in size. If he weighed the first five against the largest, it (the
-largest) would only be 2 lbs. heavier than the combined weights of
-the rest. What are the weights?
-
-
-249. A squatter said to a new manager, whom he wished to test in
-arithmetic: “I have as many pigs as I have cattle and horses, and
-if I had twice as many horses I should then have as many horses as
-cattle, and I should also have 13 more cattle and horses than pigs.”
-How many of each had he?
-
-
-250. A gentleman a garden had, five score[2] long and four score broad;
-     A walk of equal width half round he made, which took up half the
-            ground--
-     You skilful in Geometry, tell us how wide the walk must be.
-
-[2] Feet.
-
-
-251. Two boys, meeting at a farmhouse, had a mug of milk set down
-to them; the one, being very thirsty, drank till he could see the
-centre of the bottom of the mug; the other drank the rest. Now, if
-we suppose that the milk cost 4½d., and that the mug measured 4
-inches diameter at the top and bottom, and 6 inches in depth, what
-would each boy have to pay in proportion to the milk he drank?
-
-
-Weight-for-Age Problem.
-
-252. There are 6 children seated at a table whose total ages amount
-to 39 years. Tom, who is only half the age of Jack (the oldest) is
-seated at the top, with Bob--who is a year older than him--next;
-whilst Fred, who is four-fifths the age of Jack, is at the foot with
-James, who is 1 year younger than Jack, next, him; the youngest, who
-is a baby, is one-eighth the age of her brother Fred. Find the ages
-of each, and weight of Fred, and by placing him third from the top
-his initial and surname. You must express the ages in words, and use
-the initial letters.
-
-
-253.   A flagstaff there was whose height I would know,
-       The sun shining clear straight to work I did go.
-       The length of the shadow, upon level ground,
-       Just sixty-five feet, when measured I found;
-       A pole I had there just five feet in length--
-       The length of its shadow was four feet one-tenth
-       How high was the flagstaff I gladly would know;
-       And it is the thing you’re desired to show.
-
-
-254. Put 4 figures together to equal 30, and the same figures to
-equal 40.
-
-
-255. A Salvation Army captain took up a collection, his lieutenant
-took up another; if what the captain took up was squared and the
-lieutenant’s added the sum would be 11d.; if what the lieutenant took
-up was squared and the captain’s added the sum would be 7d. What was
-the amount of the collection?
-
-
-256. Find a number which, if multiplied by 17, gives a product
-consisting only of 3’s.
-
-
-THE “FOWL” PROBLEM.
-
-257. If a hen and a half lay an egg and a half in a day and a half,
-how many eggs will 6 hens lay in 7 days?
-
-
-258. Tom and Bill work 5 days each. Tom has as much and half as much
-per day as Bill. The total amount of their wages for the 5 days is £1
-17s. 6d. What are their respective wages per day?
-
-
-259. How many ¼ inch cubes can be cut out of a 2½ inch cube?
-
-260.
-
-                 miles. furl. po. yds. ft. in.
-       From        1      0    0   0    0   0
-       Subtract           7   39   5    1   5
-                 ------------------------------
-
-
-THE SQUARE PUZZLE.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-261. A man has a square of land, out of which he reserves one-fourth
-(as shown in the diagram) for himself. The remainder he wishes to
-divide among his four sons so that each will have an equal share and
-in similar shape with his brother. How can he divide it?
-
-Although this is a very old puzzle it is often the cause of much
-amusement.
-
-
-GENEROUS.
-
-262. A gentleman, having a certain number of shillings in his
-possession, made up his mind to visit 17 different barracks and treat
-the soldiers, and he did so in the following manner:--On going into
-the first barracks, he gave the sentry one shilling and then spent
-half of his shillings in the canteen amongst the soldiers, and on
-coming out of barracks again he gave the sentry another shilling;
-he repeated the same until he had finished with the seventeenth
-barracks, and had no more shillings left. How many had he when he
-commenced?
-
-
-263. What part of 3 is a third part of 2?
-
-
-264. Make 91 less by adding two figures to it.
-
-
-265. If a church bell takes two seconds to strike the hour at 2
-o’clock, how many seconds will it take to strike 3 o’clock?
-
-
-THIS CATCHES EVERYBODY.
-
-Ask a friend how many penny stamps make a dozen? He will reply, “Why,
-twelve, of course.” Then ask again, “Well, how many half-penny ones?”
-He is almost sure to reply, “Twenty-four.”
-
-
-Before he settles his account with nature, man charges the debit
-of his profit and loss account to Fate, but the credit he takes to
-himself.
-
-
-THE PUZZLE ABOUT THE “PROFITS.”
-
-Perhaps there is no form of commercial calculation so confusing
-and so little understood as that of mercantile profits. It might
-surprise many to state, nevertheless it is perfectly true, that it is
-impossible to buy goods and sell them to show a profit as great as
-100 per cent.
-
-The correct method to calculate profit is to reckon on the
-_return_--the price received for the goods sold--_not on the cost
-price_, and as it is impossible to sell goods at 100 per cent.
-discount, so also goods cannot be sold to show that percentage of
-profit, unless they actually cost nothing.
-
-Some time ago, in New Zealand, a well-known boot manufacturer had a
-“GREAT DISCOUNT SALE.“ He had large posters displayed on the windows
-of his shops, and advertisements in the newspapers, announcing the
-fact that 5s. in the £ would be allowed as discount to all customers.
-The profit he usually obtained in the ordinary way of trade was 25
-per cent., and having had a good season, he was prepared to sell off
-the balance of his stock at cost price. The selling price of his
-goods was marked in plain figures. A pair of boots which cost him 8s.
-was marked 10s., thus showing a profit of 2s., which he considered to
-be 25 per cent. (2s. being a quarter of 8s.) Instructions were issued
-to all his employees engaged in selling to deduct a quarter from the
-marked price, the result being that a pair of boots which cost 8s.,
-and marked 10s., was being sold at 7s. 6d. (2s. 6d., the quarter of
-the marked price being deducted from 10s.) Although he imagined he
-was getting 25 per cent. profit, he was in reality receiving only 20
-per cent. It was not long before the posters were altered, announcing
-that 4s. in the £ would be allowed to his customers.
-
-The following question was asked some little time ago;--If a chemist
-sold a bottle of medicine for 2s. 6d., which cost him 2½d., what
-percentage would be his profit?
-
-Many work out the problem and answer 1100 per cent., but this answer
-is incorrect. He received 2s. 6d. for that which cost him 2½d.,
-accordingly there was a profit of 2s. 3½d. We must now find out
-what percentage is the latter amount of the selling price, 2s. 6d.,
-and we discover that it is 91⅔ per cent.
-
-
-266. A pork butcher buys at auction £100 worth of bacon at 4d. per
-lb. and sells it at 8d. per lb.; also £100 worth at 8d. per lb.,
-which he sells for 4d. per lb. Does he lose or gain? And if so how
-much.
-
-
-“THE JUMPING FROG.”
-
-267. A frog, sitting on one end of a log eight feet long, starts to
-jump into a pond at the opposite end. With his first jump he clears
-half the distance, the second jump half the remaining distance, and
-so on. How many jumps does he take before entering the pond?
-
-
-OBLONG PUZZLE.
-
-268. Cut out of a piece of cardboard fourteen pieces of the same
-shape as those shown in the diagram--the same number of pieces as is
-there represented--and then form an oblong with them.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-269. If a man can load a cart in five minutes, and a friend can load
-it in two and a half minutes, how long will it take them both to load
-it, both working together?
-
-
-270. A gentleman on being asked how old he was, said that if he did
-not count Mondays and Thursdays he would be 35. What was his actual
-age?
-
-
-TOO SMART FOR DAD.
-
-“Pa,” said a boy from school, “How many peas are in a pint?” “How can
-anybody tell that, foolish boy?” “I can every time. There is just one
-‘p’ in pint the world over.” He was sent off to bed early.
-
-
-SIMPLE PROPORTION.
-
-271. If it takes three minutes to boil one egg, how long will it take
-to boil two?
-
-
-“PUNCH’S” MONEY VAGARIES.
-
-The early Italians used cattle as a currency instead of coin (thus a
-bull equals 5s.) and a person would send for change for a thousand
-pound bullock, when he would receive 200 five pound sheep. If he
-wanted _very_ small change there would be a few lambs amongst them.
-The inconvenience of keeping a flock of sheep at one‘s bankers’, or
-paying in a short-horned heifer to one’s private account led to the
-introduction of _bullion_.
-
-As to the unhealthy custom of _sweating sovereigns_, it may be well
-to recollect that Charles I., the earliest Sovereign, who was sweated
-to such an extent that his immediate successor, Charles II., became
-one of the lightest Sovereigns ever known in England.
-
-Formerly every gold watch weighed so many _carats_, from which it
-became usual to call a silver watch a turnip.
-
-The Romans were in the habit of tossing their coins in the presence
-of their legions, and if a piece of money went higher than the top of
-their Ensign’s flag it was presumed to be “above the standard.”
-
-
-“MARCH ON! MARCH ON!”
-
-272. An army 25 miles long starts on a journey of 50 miles, just as
-an orderly at the rear starts to deliver a message to the General
-in front. The orderly, travelling at a uniform speed, delivers his
-message and returns to the rear, arriving just as the army finishes
-the journey. How many miles does the orderly travel?
-
-
-“WITH A LONG, LONG PULL.”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-273. If eight men are engaged in a tug-o’-war, four pulling against
-four, on a continuous rope, and each man is exerting a force of
-100 lbs., what strain is there at the centre of the rope?
-
-
-“FIND OUT.”
-
-274. A gentleman in a train with a boy got into conversation with a
-stranger, who asked him the lad’s age. The boy quickly replied, “This
-gentleman, who is my uncle, is twice as old as me, but the sum of the
-figures in my age are twice the sum of those in his.” What was the
-age of each?
-
-
-275. One of our squatters who had made his fortune in the “good
-times” determined to sell his run and spend the rest of his days in
-the old country. A new chum, possessing considerable wealth, and
-desirous of settling down in Australia, hearing of the squatter’s
-intention, interviewed him with the object of purchasing, when the
-following conversation ensued:--
-
-NEW CHUM: “How big is your run? What’s its area?”
-
-SQUATTER: “Well, I’m blessed if I know, but I can tell you
-it’s perfectly square and enclosed with posts and rails. Each of the
-rails is 9 ft. long.”
-
-NEW CHUM: “Oh, then, is it what you call a three-railed
-paddock?”
-
-SQUATTER: “Yes, that’s so, and now I remember that _the
-number of rails in my run is equal to the number of acres_. If you
-like you can take a horse and ride round and count the rails, then
-you will know the area.” This advice the new chum acted upon.
-
-Find out the length of his ride and the area of the run.
-
-
-A Federal Problem.
-
-It is well known to our readers that paper money--such as pound
-notes--issued in one colony are depreciated in another; thus a one
-pound note of N.S.W. is only worth 19s. 6d. in Victoria, and _vice
-versa_. Some time ago a rather ’cute individual in Wodonga, on the
-Victorian side of the border, bought a drink in a local hotel with a
-Victorian note, and received in change a N.S.W. note, which was worth
-then and there only 19s. 6d.; he thereupon crossed the Murray to
-Albury on the New South Wales side, bought another drink for sixpence
-with his N.S.W. note, and received a Victorian note equal to 19s.
-6d. in change. He travelled backwards and forwards during the day,
-getting his twentieth and last drink in Albury, on the N.S.W. side,
-whereupon he returns to Wodonga with a Victorian pound note still to
-his credit. He thus paid for all his drinks, which amounted to ten
-shillings. Who lost the money?
-
-We cannot advise readers to “go thou and do likewise,” for the simple
-reason that such a proceeding would now be impossible, as exchange is
-no longer charged in the two towns mentioned. It is not until we get
-further from the border that the levy is made.
-
-
-Doing Two Things at Once.
-
-An inspector was examining a school in a country district some
-distance from a railway station. He was afraid of losing his train,
-so hurrying with his work he tried to do two things at once. Standing
-in the doorway, he gave out dictation to Class III. in the main room,
-and at the same time gave out a sum to Class IV. in an adjoining
-room, jerking out a few words alternately.
-
-The sum was “If a couple of fat ducks cost 19s., how many can he get
-for £72 10s. 9d.” The dictation for Class III. began “Now as a lion
-prowling about in search, &c.” Of course the poor children heard
-both, and got a bit mixed. One little girl’s dictation began “Now a
-couple of ducks prowling about in search of a lion who had lost 19s.,
-&c.” While a Class IV. lad was scratching his head over the following
-sum “If 72 couples of fat lions cost 19s., how much prowling could be
-got for £72 10s. 9d.”
-
-
-TWO CALENDAR CATCHES.
-
-Ask a person if Christmas Day and New Year’s Day come in the same
-year. The answer generally given is “Of course not, Christmas comes
-in this year, and New Year’s Day in the next.”
-
-Another question that often puzzles many. Have we had more Christmas
-days than Good Fridays? The usual answer is “No, both the same.”
-
-276. A brass memorial tablet in honour of the late Sir Charles Lilley
-has been fixed in the centre of the eastern wall of the Brisbane
-Grammar School Hall. The enthusiasm displayed by Sir Charles in
-the cause of education generally, and his work on behalf of the
-Grammar School, make this commemoration particularly appropriate.
-The following is the inscription, to translate which should prove a
-capital exercise to all Latin scholars. The tablet measures 50 inches
-by 30 inches.
-
-[Illustration: MEMORIAL TABLET TO THE LATE SIR CHARLES LILLEY]
-
-It may be added that the lettering of the plate was designed by Mr.
-R. S. Dods, architect, and the engraving was done in Brisbane by
-Messrs. Randle Bros., the well-known engravers, of Elizabeth Street.
-
-
-A Puzzle in Book-keeping.
-
-277. A firm appointed an agent to do business on their account, and
-gave him £32 17s. in cash for expenses, &c., and also supplied him
-with a stock of goods, the value wholesale being £57 14s.; while in a
-distant town he bought a job lot of goods for £59 19s., which he paid
-cash for out of what he had realised on his first stock. He still
-continued to sell, but very soon after the firm called him in, and
-desired him to close his account and hand in a full statement.
-
-His total retail sales amounted to £102 17s., and he returned goods
-to the value of £31 17s., his expenses had been £25.
-
-Question--What does the firm owe the agent, or the agent owe the firm?
-
-THE AGENT’S STATEMENT BEING--
-
-  Cash              £32 17
-  Goods              57 14
-  Paid for Goods     59 19
-  Cash Sales        102 17
-  Goods Returned     31 17
-  Expenses           25  0
-
-This puzzle first appeared in “HOW TO BECOME QUICK AT
-FIGURES,” the answer being withheld. It is a record of
-transactions that actually occurred in America, which were the
-subject of litigation. Although we received thousands of replies,
-not more than 5 per cent. were correct. It is a question that
-individuals not conversant with book-keeping would be as likely to
-solve correctly as the expert. For the convenience of those who are
-unacquainted with American money we have been obliged to substitute
-£ s. d., and would advise our readers to attempt a solution before
-referring to the answer.
-
-
-
-
-CONCLUSION.
-
-
-In bringing “THE PUZZLE KING” to a conclusion, the author
-can only express the hope that he has been successful in his
-endeavour to make it not only an amusing work but also a _useful_ one.
-
-The impossibility of making a book of this nature perfect is fully
-recognised, and corrections or contributions will be cordially
-received, and the contributor liberally remunerated.
-
-All communications must be sent to 44 Pitt Street, Sydney, addressed
-to the author, who tenders to all readers of “THE PUZZLE
-KING”--
-
-              AN ARITHMETICAL TOAST.
- “Here’s an _addition_ to your wages.
-  Here’s a _subtraction_ from your wants and miseries.
-  Here’s a _multiplication_ of your joys and happiness.
-  Here’s a _division_ amongst your enemies.
-  Here’s a _reduction_ of your hours of labour.
-  And here’s a hope that you’ll all be able to _practice_
-                    and take _interest_ in “THE PUZZLE KING.”
-
-
-
-
-Answers.
-
-
-(1) 12,111.
-
-(2) 24s.
-
-(3) 18.
-
-(4) He lost £13 6s. 8d.
-
-(5)
-
-  +-----+-----+-----+-----+
-  | 485 | 463 | 475 | 465 |
-  +-----+-----+-----+-----+
-  | 461 | 467 | 487 | 473 |
-  +-----+-----+-----+-----+
-  | 483 | 477 | 457 | 471 |
-  +-----+-----+-----+-----+
-  | 459 | 481 | 469 | 479 |
-  +-----+-----+-----+-----+
-
-(6) See No. 225.
-
-(7) £30.
-
-(8) 675 springs.
-
-(9) [Illustration]
-
-(10)
-
- Suppose a man and woman to marry, the man to have
-       had a son by a former marriage (the gentleman who
-       leaves the money); also the woman has a daughter
-       by a former marriage. This son and daughter get
-       married, and have a son. This is the scheme of
-       kindred, and answers the conditions of the paradox.
-
-(11) 4d. There were three of them--grandfather, father, and son.
-
-(12) The total score was 240. The 1st player scored 30;
-       the 2nd and 3rd, 24 each; the 4th, 5th, and 6th, 12
-       each; the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th, 30 each; and the
-       11th, 6.
-
-(13) They tip the pail over horizontally; if any part of
-       the bottom can be seen without spilling the milk it
-       is not half full.
-
-(14) In 9-68/78 days.
-
-(15) The measurements given would not make a triangle.
-
-(16) 6400 soldiers.
-
-(17) [Illustration]
-
-(18) The LEFT BOWER.
-
-(19)
-
-  The first     £15
-        "  second     8
-        "  third     10
-        "  fourth     6
-                    ---
-       The man had  £39
-
-(20) The first boat 15 min. 45 secs., the second 16 min.
-
-(21) 3 animals.
-
-(22) A comma.
-
-(23) 15 and 10.
-
-(24) 21 and 54.
-
-(25) 126.
-
-(26) 72 persons.
-
-(27) 20·7846 inches; 203·646 square inches.
-
-(28)
-       11 plus 1·1 = 12·1
-       11  x   1·1 = 12·1
-
-(29) Coach fare 3s.
-
-(30) The distance from the ends of the least side on the
-       largest and intermediate sides are respectively
-       211⅓ and 176 links.
-
-(31) 60.
-
-(32) T wins--distance 90 miles; walking pace--T 5 miles per hour, D 4.
-
-(33)
-
-  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
-  | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I |
-  +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
-
-  My friends,--I have spare blankets, and I shall need no more;
-  The tenth man can have my bed, and I’ll sleep on the floor.
-  In room marked A two men were placed; the third was lodged in B;
-  The fourth to C was then assigned, the fifth retired to D;
-  In E the sixth he tucked away, in F the seventh man,
-  The eighth and ninth in G and H, and then to A he ran
-  (Wherein the host, as I have said, had laid two travellers by);
-  Then taking one--the tenth and last--he lodged him safe in I:
-  Nine spare rooms--a room for each--were made to serve for ten.
-  And this it is that puzzles me and many wiser men.
-
-(34) £78 7s. 0·42d.
-
-(35) 275625 leaves.
-
-(36) [Illustration: _Fig 1_]
-
-(37) 24000 men.
-
-(38) 4032 lines.
-
-(39) 28·9 miles.
-
-(40) £26 7s. 7d.
-
-(41) 7 and 1.
-
-(42)
-
-  +----------------------------+
-  | 47 58 69 80  1 12 23 34 45 |
-  | 57 68 79  9 11 22 33 44 46 |
-  | 67 78  8 10 21 32 43 54 56 |
-  | 77  7 18 20 31 42 53 55 66 |
-  |  6 17 19 30 41 52 63 65 76 |
-  | 16 27 29 40 51 62 64 75  5 |
-  | 26 28 39 50 61 72 74  4 15 |
-  | 36 38 49 60 71 73  3 14 25 |
-  | 37 48 59 70 81  2 13 24 35 |
-  +----------------------------+
-
-(43)
-
-   8   3   4
-   1   5   9
-   6   7   2
-
-(44) Don’t be A flat be A sharp.
-
-(45) £49.
-
-(46)
-
-  +-----------+
-  | 3   3   3 |
-  |           |
-  | 3       3 |
-  |           |
-  | 3   3   3 |
-  +-----------+
-
-  +-----------+
-  | 4   1   4 |
-  |           |
-  | 1       1 |
-  |           |
-  | 4   1   4 |
-  +-----------+
-
-(47) Give the last person an egg on the dish.
-
-(48) 20 lbs.
-
-(49) 1 wether, 10 ewes, 9 lambs.
-
-(50) 15 hours.
-
-(51) 12 square miles.
-
-(52) 7 persons.
-
-(53) The versed sine of the segment of Will’s cake which
-       was given to Jack was 3·05 inches, and its area
-       26·0058364375 square inches: hence Will’s share
-       was 704·6125135625 square inches, and Jack’s share
-       704·5914364375 square inches; so that Will’s four
-       were about 52·03275 square inches more than Jack’s
-       six, and Will, of course, lost the wager. After the
-       decision of the gauger, Will’s share was ·0210771245
-       (1-50th nearly) of a square inch more than Jack’s.
-
-(54) 8·46851 seconds velocity, 129·38 ft. per second.
-
-(55) 144 minutes.
-
-(56)
-
-       39
-        12
-      -----
-        78
-       39
-      -----
-       468
-
-(57) 8835 yds.
-
-(58) 2513·28 sq. yds nearly.
-
-(59) A 13 times, B 8.
-
-(60) Her son.
-
-(61) 3 wickets.
-
-(62) Not fully stated--suppose 4 miles per hour.
-
-(63) 22 plus 2 eq. 24; 3^3-3 eq. 24.
-
-(64) 1s. 11d. or 11s. 1d.
-
-(65) TOBACCO.
-
-(66) 1 ft. 5·6268 inches.
-
-(67) [Illustration]
-
-(68) Age 28.
-
-(69) 8/9
-
-(70) [Illustration: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]
-
-4 on 1, 6 on 9, 8 on 3, 5 on 2, and 10 on 7.
-
-(71) They put one plank across the angle; the end of the
-       other resting on it will reach the island.
-
-(72) 283; 224.
-
-(73) 23; 24.
-
-(74) Gallons 1207·45, diameter 6 ft., height 6 ft, 10¼ in.
-
-(75) 76; 24.
-
-(76) One travels West and the other East going round the
-       world once a year; one will gain one day per annum,
-       and the other will lose a day. In 50 years the
-       difference will amount to 100 days.
-
-(77) Diameter 87032 miles, circumference 273529 miles,
-area 23805775928 miles.
-
-(78)
-
-  +-----+-----+-----+
-  | 621 | 642 | 627 |
-  |     |     |     |
-  | 636 | 630 | 624 |
-  |     |     |     |
-  | 633 | 618 | 639 |
-  +-----+-----+-----+
-
-(79) The two ends of the box are placed so that they lap
-       over the two sides, and the wood being one inch
-       thick the length is thus increased by 2 inches.
-
-(80) 96s.
-
-(81) First £25 5s., second £28 5s., third £30 5s., fourth
-       £36 5s.
-
-(82) [Illustration]
-
-(83) (5-5/5)·5.
-
-(84) 10 inches.
-
-(85) 5 miles 1300 yds.
-
-(86) £10.
-
-(87) 10, 22, 26.
-
-(88)
-
-       987654321 = 45      555555555 = 45
-       123456789 = 45  or      99999 = 45
-       ---------           ---------
-       864197532 = 45      555455556 = 45
-
-(89)
-
-       The 1st part   8    add      2 = 10
-        "  2nd  "    12  subtract   2 = 10
-        "  3rd  "     5 multiply by 2 = 10
-        "  4th  "    20  divide by  2 = 10
-                    ----
-                     45
-
-(90)
-
-       3025.  30 plus 25 = 55 which squared is 3025
-       9801.  98 plus 01 = 99 which squared is 9801
-
-(91) 3 children.
-
-(92) 36 inches.
-
-(93) The difficulty is to determine what would have been
-       the will of the testator had he foreseen that his
-       wife would be delivered of twins. As he desired that
-       in case his wife brought forth a son he should have
-       ⅔ of his property, and the mother ⅓, it follows
-       that his intention was to give his son a sum double
-       to that of the mother; and as he desired in the
-       other case that if she brought forth a daughter the
-       mother should have ⅔ and the daughter ⅓, there
-       is reason to conclude that he intended the share
-       of the mother to be double that of the daughter;
-       consequently, to unite these two conditions, the
-       heritage must be divided in such a manner that the
-       son may have twice as much as the mother, and the
-       mother twice as much as the daughter. Thus we get--
-
-          Son’s     share,  £4000
-          Mother’s    "     £2000
-          Daughter’s  "     £1000
-
-       Sometimes the following difficulty is proposed in regard
-       to this problem:--In case the mother should have
-       two sons and one daughter, in what manner must
-       the property be divided then? We refer you to the
-       lawyers.
-
-(94) 23 years 289 days--a little less than 24 years.
-
-(95) [Illustration]
-
-(96) 1650 ft. deep; 1½ minutes.
-
-(97) [Illustration]
-
-(98)
-
-         Man, 69 yrs 12 weeks
-       Woman, 30 yrs 40 weeks
-
-(99) A 18 hours, B 22½.
-
-(100) 3 and 2.
-
-(101) 12 pence.
-
-(102) 50s.
-
-(103)
-
-     It is used so in the question. The answer generally
-       given is found in the Bible (Judges xvi, 7 and 8).
-       Samson was bound with “seven green withs.”
-
-(104)
-
-       32  or  46  or  95-72/36  or  14
-       57      35       1-8/4        76
-      ---             ---------
-       89      17     100             5
-              ---
-        1      98                     3
-                                    ---
-        6       2                    98
-              ---
-        4     100                     2
-      ---                           ---
-      100                           100
-
-(105)
-
-       56  or  20  or  40
-       24       8      36
-      ---
-       80       7      15
-        1      35       7
-        9      46      98
-        3      19       2
-              ---     ---
-        7     100     100
-      ---
-      100
-
-(106) 44 feet.
-
-(107) 8 persons.
-
-(108) 8¼.
-
-(109) The stone should fall into his hand.
-
-(110) 6⅗ days.
-
-(111) £5 8s. 6d.
-
-(112) TEN
-
-(113)
-
-    To explain this often causes much confusion. We
-       must take a simple illustration: I have a garden
-       containing 10 appletrees, all bearing fruit. Now,
-       there are more trees than any tree has apples on
-       it; there must be at least 2 trees having the same
-       number of apples--for instance, if No. 1 tree has
-       1 apple, No. 2 has 2, and so on to No. 9; when we
-       come to No. 10 tree, it must have the same as one
-       of the other trees, as it could not have 10 or more
-       according to our first supposition.
-
-(114) It simply means that _four_ “nothings” equal
-_one_ “nothing.”
-
-(115) He had a half-penny, and he borrowed a half-penny.
-
-(116) 5.
-
-(117) 30 apples.
-
-(118) 18 and 27.
-
-(119)
-
-        A  3240
-        B  2916
-        C  1944
-        D  2052
-        E  1728
-        Electors 6480.
-
-(120)
-
-        A  £12
-        B  £20
-        C  £30
-
-(121) 45 miles.
-
-(122) 80, 60, 45.
-
-(123) £580.
-
-(124) Hendrick and Anna.   Claas and Catrün.  Cornelius and Gertruig.
-
-(125)
-
-        A  2304
-        B  1296
-
-(126) £19,005.
-
-(127) 15 days.
-
-(128)
-
-        1st  £2180  3s.  4¼d.
-        2nd  £2380 15s. 11¼d.
-        3rd  £2599 17s.  9¾d.
-        4th  £2839  2s. 10¾d.
-
-(129) 1-2/18 minutes.
-
-(130) 36 pyramids.
-
-(131) 82·076 feet.
-
-(132) 55-5/5 = 56 = 4 x 4 plus 40.
-
-(133) 6 women. 10⅞d. per yard.
-
-(134) A 21.    B 28.    Youngest child 7.
-
-(135)
-
-     We see that each of the members present paid 4d.
-       to make up 5s. There must have been 15 persons
-       present when the bill was paid, and consequently 18
-       at dinner. Now, it is evident that the classes are
-       as 2, 3, and 4, making 4 Officers, 6 Non-com’s,
-       and 8 Privates. Again, it is evident that 5s. being
-       the sum to be paid by 1 Com. and 2 Non-coms.; each
-       Com.’s share was 2s., and each Non-com’s 1s.
-       6d., and from the conditions of the question each
-       Private’s share was 1s. 3d.; those who remained had
-       to pay.
-             3 Officers, 2s. each and 4d. each      7s.  0d.
-             4 Non-coms, 1s. 6d. each     "         7s.  4d.
-             8 Privates, 1s. 3d.  "       "        12s.  8d.
-                                                 -----------
-                         Amount                 £1  7s.  0d.
-
-(136) The Alphabet.
-
-(137) 4 glasses.
-
-(138) 37·6992 feet.
-
-(139) 157-1/7 square miles.
-
-(140) 324.
-
-(141) Bottle 2¼d., cork ¼d.
-
-(142) 1, 4, 16, and 64.
-
-(143) 16 days.
-
-(144) 7¼d., 4¾d.
-
-(145) 1st, 64; 2nd, 48; 3rd, 36; 4th, 27 gals.
-
-(146) 1st £24, 2nd £20, 3rd £8, 4th £28.
-
-(147)
-
-       This is one of those _impossible_ questions that
-       one often hears. The fractions, when added together,
-       equal 19/20. So the whole £1 _cannot be so divided_.
-       The following solution is often put forward:--
-
-         ⅓ plus ¼ plus ⅕ plus ⅙ = 20 plus 15 plus 12 plus 10 = 57
-                                  --------------------------   --
-                                              60               60
-                                s.
-        20 x 20 = 400 div. 57 = 7-1/57  to 1st son
-        15 x 20 = 300 div. 57 = 5-15/57  " 2nd  "
-        12 x 20 = 240 div. 57 = 4-12/57  " 3rd  "
-        10 x 20 = 200 div. 57 = 3-29/57  " 4th  "
-                                --------
-                                20s.
-
-(148)
-       The locomotive pushes No. 1 truck up to the points,
-       then returns to the opposite siding and pushes No. 2
-       up to No. 1 at the points; the two trucks are then
-       pulled by the locomotive down the siding and pushed
-       on to the main line to a position anywhere between
-       the two sidings; No. 1 is then uncoupled and left
-       standing, whilst the locomotive pulls No. 2 along
-       the main line in order to push it up to the points
-       where it is left; the locomotive returns to No. 1,
-       and pulling it a short distance, in order to get
-       on the proper siding, pushes it into its required
-       position, uncouples, and proceeds up the other
-       siding to the points to pull No. 2 into its proper
-       place, then uncouples and returns to the main line.
-
-(149) 14,400 quarts
-
-(150) A, 2s. 7½d.; B, 1s. 1½d.; C, 9d.
-
-(151)
-
-        1st Company, £2400
-        2nd    "      1800
-        3rd    "      1600
-        4th    "      1500
-                     -----
-                     £7300
-
-(152) Lines, 29; letters, 32.
-
-(153) Major £100, minor £60.
-
-(154) From A £88, from B £44.
-
-(155) [Illustration]
-
-(156) 25 miles from Sydney.
-
-(157) 4½ miles.
-
-(158) 108.
-
-(159)
-
-        Two-thirds of SIX is IX; the upper half of XII is VII;
-        The half of FIVE is IV; and the upper half of XI is VI.
-
-(160) £12 12s. 8d. = 12128 farthings.
-
-(161) J £660, M £440, B £220.
-
-(162) Masons 20s., Bricklayers 15s., Laborers 10s.
-
-(163) £29 19s. 9¼d.
-
-(164) 2 years.
-
-(165) [Illustration]
-
-This draught puzzle can also be done in three other ways.
-
-(166)
-
-        Wife             £4650
-        Son               6200
-        Eldest daughter   3100
-        Youngest  "       1550
-                        ------
-                Total  £15,500
-
-(167) [Illustration]
-
-(168) 18.
-
-(169) 6¼ per cent.
-
-(170)
-        19 movements
-        19 feet
-
-(171) 895 and 11,277.
-
-(172) 56 quarts.
-
-(173) 20; 50 gals.
-
-(174) 117 ft. 9 in.
-
-(175) 1st 1¼d., 2nd ¾d.
-
-(176)
-
-   The lazy sundowner   2 days at 2 hours per day =    4 hours
-         "  second   "       4   "  "  4   "    "   "  =   16   "
-         "  third    "       6   "  "  6   "    "   "  =   36   "
-         "  fourth   "      12   "  " 12   "    "   "  =  144   "
-                                                          --------
-                                                          200 hours
-
-(177) 17777873.
-
-(178)
-      The “catch” is in the word _ears_; he carries
-       out two ears on his head and one ear of corn each
-       day--hence it will take 6 days.
-
-(179) My daughter.
-
-(180) Man 3s., boy 2s.
-
-(181) 11·9.
-
-(182) 72 gals.
-
-(183)
-      The landlord would lose by such an arrangement, as
-        the rent would entitle him to 2/5 of the 18; the
-        selector should give him 18 bushels from his own
-        share after the division is completed.
-
-(184) £1 6s. 8d., £1 13s. 4d.
-
-(185) 3.362 inches.
-
-(186) The merchant, 1d.
-
-(187)
-
-      Train from London      44     miles per hour
-        "     "  Edinburgh   53-7/9   "    "   "
-
-(188)
-      A gentleman and one servant go over; the gentleman
-        returns with the boat, 2 servants go over; 1 servant
-        returns; 2 gentlemen go over; 1 gentleman and 1
-        servant return; 2 gentlemen go over; 1 servant
-        returns; 2 servants go over; 1 servant returns; the
-        two servants then go over.
-
-(189)
-
-      Imperfect. (Sample of questions we receive daily.
-        Give it to your friends: it will annoy them.)
-
-(190) 14, 112, 378, 896.
-
-(191) 120 lbs.
-
-(192) 80 years.
-
-(193) 6-6/6.
-
-(194) 13 trains.
-
-(195) Distance, 12½ miles; rate, 8 miles per hour.
-
-(196) 5½ hours.
-
-(197) A 39s., B 21s., C 12s.
-
-(198) £10.
-
-(199) When Pharaoh’s daughter drew a little prophet (profit)
-        from the banks of the Nile.
-
-(200) 4⅘lbs.
-
-(201) [Illustration]
-
-(202) 30 oz. of 21, 90 oz. of 23.
-
-(203) £1 2s. 2⅔d.
-
-(204) 3078 ac. 3r. 2·88p.
-
-(205) 108 trees.
-
-(206) 792.
-
-(207) [Illustration]
-
-(208) 8/50.
-
-(209) 72 inches.
-
-(210) 99-9/9.
-
-(211) A 5, B 7.
-
-THE BRICK PUZZLE.
-
-(212) 2 stretchers, 4 headers, 4 closures. Area, 135 inches.
-
-This question has been the cause of much discussion, especially
-amongst those engaged in the building trade.
-
-[Illustration: Fig. 1--Represents the brick and the method of
-cutting it.]
-
-[Illustration: Fig. 2--Represents the face of the wall showing the
-area of brick when cut. It has been necessary to produce this figure
-on half-scale to that of Fig. 1.]
-
-(213) Goose 30, duck 50, hen 70.
-
-THE KNIGHT MOVE.
-
-(214) It does not matter on which square the knight is first placed,
-his last square to enter will be at a knight’s distance from the
-first. The route may be varied in many ways.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-(215) 2.
-
-(216) A £3, B £6, C £18.
-
-(217) Cannot be answered.
-
-(218)
-
-  +------+------+------+
-  |      |      |      |
-  |   8  | 256  |   2  |
-  |      |      |      |
-  +------+------+------+
-  |      |      |      |
-  |   4  |  16  |  64  |
-  |      |      |      |
-  +------+------+------+
-  |      |      |      |
-  | 128  |   1  |  32  |
-  |      |      |      |
-  +------+------+------+
-
-(219)
-
-      Even,   £6 against £6--£12
-      2 to 1, £8 against £4--£12
-      3 to 1, £9 against £3--£12
-                         --
-                        £13 Received.
-
-Whichever horse wins, he must pay £12, and has received
-£13 to pay with.
-
-(220) 8.
-
-(221) 9 to 8 _on_.
-
-(222) 1 lb. of feathers by 1240 grains; 1 oz. of gold by 42·5 grains.
-
-(223) [Illustration]
-
-(224) Sovereigns, 4; half-crowns, 8.
-
-(225)
-      Count backwards, saying 20, 19, 18, 17, with
-       emphasis on the _17_, remarking “That’s odd, isn’t
-       it?” The reply will be “Yes.” Proceed in that manner
-       throughout. This question and No. 6, although not
-       the best of “catches,” are often asked.
-
-(226)
-
-      SIX  IX  XL
-       IX   X   L
-      -----------
-       S    I   X
-
-(227) Man 24, woman 16.
-
-(228) 72 miles.
-
-(229) The diameter of the earth.
-
-(230) £420.
-
-(231) ·000011574.
-
-(232) 18 seconds.
-
-(233) 19·405 inches.
-
-(234) [Illustration]
-
-      He must cut the piece of veneer as shown by the middle
-        figure, when he will be able to get his two ovals.
-
-(235)
-      Because you double it when you put it in your
-        pocket, and you see it in creases (increases) when
-        you take it out.
-
-(236) He did this in two ways;--
-
-  _Table_   Full.   Half-full.   Empty.
-     1    |   2         3          2
-     2    |   2         3          2
-     3    |   3         1          3
-  --------+----------------------------
-     1    |   3         1          3
-     2    |   3         1          3
-     3    |   1         5          1
-
-(242) [Illustration]
-
-(243)
-
-          7
-        7 6 7
-          5
-          4
-          3
-          2
-          1
-
-(244) 180.
-
-(245) Worked 27 days, idle 33.
-
-(246) XIX, take away I, leaves XX.
-
-(247)
-      The Cadi added his camel to the 17, thus making
-        18 in all; then the oldest son received 9, second
-        son 6, youngest 2. He then took his own camel, and,
-        departing, left the sons quite satisfied.
-
-(248) 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 lbs.
-
-(249) 13 horses, 26 cattle, 39 pigs.
-
-(250) 12 ft. 11⅞ in.
-
-(251)
-
-        1st boy, 14·18 farthings
-        2nd  "    3·82     "
-
-(252)
-
-        Jack,  10 yrs.   Tom   =FIVE=    Tom   =F=ive
-        James,  9  "     Bob   =S=ix     Bob   =S=ix
-        Fred,   8  "     Jack  =T=en     Fred  =E=ight
-        Bob,    6  "     Baby  =O=ne     Jack  =T=en
-        Tom,    5  "     James =N=ine    Baby  =O=ne
-        Baby,   1  "     Fred  =E=ight   James =N=ine
-
-(253) 79·26 feet.
-
-(254) 9 plus 9 plus 9 plus 3 = 30, 39-9/9 = 40,
-or 28-2/1 = 30, 28 plus 12 = 40.
-
-(255) 5d.
-
-(256) 196078431372549. Method: Keep on adding imaginary
-3’s until it comes out thus--17)33/17(196078431372549
-
-  To prove it:--    196078431372549
-                                 17
-                   ----------------
-         Proof--   3333333333333333
-
-(257)
-
-        28 eggs.  Method: 1½  hens lay 1½  eggs in  1½  days
-                          1½    "   "   3    "   "   3    "
-                          3     "   "   6    "   "   3    "
-                          3     "   "   2    "   "   1    "
-                          6     "   "   4    "   "   1    "
-                          6     "   "  28    "   "   7    "
-
-(258) Tom, 4s. 6d. per day; Bill, 3s.
-
-(259) 1000.
-
-(260) 1 inch remainder.
-
-(261) [Illustration]
-
-(262) 393,213 shillings.
-
-(263) 2/9.
-
-(264) 9½.
-
-(265) 4 seconds.
-
-(266) Loses £50.
-
-(267) He will never enter the water, because the frog’s
-        jump, at any time, is only half-way to the water.
-
-(268) [Illustration]
-
-(269) 1⅔ minutes.
-
-(270) 49 years.
-
-(271) 3 minutes.
-
-(272)
-
-  |          |          |     |     |
-  -----------+----------+-----+-----+--
-  A          B          C     D     E
-
-    Let A be starting point of Orderly; B be starting point
-       of General; C be point at which Orderly returns
-       to his place, the rear having marched 50 miles to
-       this point; D be point at which Orderly delivers
-       his despatches; E be destination of front rank or
-       General of Army.
-
-    Let _x_ eq. number of miles between C and D.
-
-    Then AD eq. (50 plus _x_) miles; BD eq. (25 plus _x_)
-       miles; DE eq. (25 minus _x_) miles; and AD plus DC
-       eq. (50 plus 2_x_) miles, and is the total distance
-       the Orderly travels.
-
-    Now Orderly rides from A to D, while General marches
-       from B to D, and Orderly returns from D to C, while
-       General marches from D to E, and Orderly and Army
-       travel at a uniform rate.
-
-          ∴ AD : BD :: DC : DE
-      or 50 plus _x_ : 25 plus _x_ :: _x_ : 25-_x_
-       ∴ 1250-25_x_-_x_^2 eq. 25_x_ plus _x_^2
-             Whence _x_ eq. 15.45 plus.
-       ∴   Orderly rides 50 plus 30.9 plus
-                eq. 80.9 plus
-                eq. 80 miles 1587 yards nearly.
-
-(273) 400 lbs.
-
-(274) Gentleman 30, boy 15.
-
-(275) Ride, 44 miles; area, 77,440 acres.
-
-(276)
-      Translation: The foundation stone of this
-        building was laid in 1880 by Sir Charles Lilley,
-        for many years Chief Justice, and formerly a
-        distinguished member of the Government of this
-        colony. He was prominent amongst those who worked
-        for the first establishment of this school, and
-        afterwards, by his generous gifts and by his wise
-        counsel as a trustee, contributed greatly to its
-        advancement. The trustees have, therefore, erected
-        this tablet to perpetuate his memory here. A.D. 1898.
-
-(277) The agent owes the firm  £7 19s.
-
-DIDDAMS PRINTER, BRISBANE.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Puzzle King, by John Scott
-
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-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Puzzle King, by John Scott
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: The Puzzle King
-
-Author: John Scott
-
-Release Date: May 12, 2016 [EBook #52052]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PUZZLE KING ***
-
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-Produced by MWS, Paul Marshall and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
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-</pre>
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
-<p class="f120 space-above2"><b>“LAUGH AND GROW FAT.”</b></p>
-
-<hr class="r25" />
-<h1><span class="smcap">The</span>&ensp;PUZZLE&ensp;KING.</h1>
-<hr class="r25" />
-<p class="center">
-AMUSING ARITHMETIC.<br />
-BOOK-KEEPING BLUNDERS.<br />
-COMMERCIAL COMICALITIES.<br />
-CURIOUS “CATCHES.”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;PECULIAR PROBLEMS.<br />
-PERPLEXING PARADOXES.<br />
-QUAINT QUESTIONS.&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;QUEER QUIBBLES.<br />
-SCHOOL STORIES.<br />
-INTERESTING ITEMS.<br /><br />
-Tricks with Figures, Cards, Draughts, Dice, Dominoes,<br />
-Etc., Etc., Etc.</p>
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="f150 space-above2"><b>By JOHN SCOTT,</b></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above2">  Author of “How to Become Quick at Figures,” “Doctrine of Chance,”<br />
-        “Tank Calculator,” “Cyanide Vat Calculator,” &amp;c., &amp;c.</p>
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="f120"><b>INSTRUCTIVE and AMUSING.</b></p>
-<p class="center">Copyright.</p>
-
-<p class="center">Brisbane,<br />
-<span class="smcap">H. J. Diddams &amp; Co.</span>, Printers and Publishers, Elizabeth Street,<br />
-<b>MDCCCXCIX.</b>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<h2>PREFACE.</h2>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">A puzzle is not solved, impatient sirs,</span>
-<span class="i0">By peeping at its answer in a trice:</span>
-<span class="i0">When Gordius, the ploughboy King of Phrygia,</span>
-<span class="i0">Tied up his implements of husbandry</span>
-<span class="i0">In the far-famed knot, rash Alexander</span>
-<span class="i0">Did not undo by cutting it in twain.</span>
-</div></div>
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<p>It is hoped that this little book may prove useful, not only in
-connection with puzzles for home amusement, but that by inducing
-people to consider the various difficulties met with in business and
-trade some at least may be led to greater success in dealing with the
-practical puzzles and problems of everyday life.</p>
-
-<p>It is the special desire of the author to produce a “sugar-coated
-mathematical pill,” as he feels convinced that many can more easily
-grasp the truth when it is put before them in a light manner than
-when brought forward in the usual orthodox fashion.</p>
-
-<p>No pains have been spared to make the <span class="smcap">Puzzle King</span>
-the best of its kind yet produced, and the author here wishes to
-thank his many friends who have so kindly assisted him. It would be
-well-nigh impossible to individualize; but especial thanks are due
-to Thos. Finney, Esq., M.L.A. (Brisbane), for the interest he has
-manifested throughout, and the kindly help he has so often rendered
-the author.</p>
-
-<p>It might afford our readers some pleasure to know that this work
-is entirely Australian. The printers, artist, and author are all
-colonial-born, and the production of the former two, at any rate,
-will compare favourably with that of any others.</p>
-
-<p>The engravings throughout have been in the hands of Mr. Murray Fraser
-and staff, whose experience in this special art has tended to make
-the book more attractive than it otherwise would have been.</p>
-
-<p>The author is not above receiving any suggestions or contributions in
-the way of peculiar puzzles or commercial comicalities, which might
-enhance the value of the book. Intending contributors are invited
-to communicate to the address given below, and can rest assured
-that they will be remunerated according to the merits of their
-communications.</p>
-
-<p class="author">THE AUTHOR.</p>
-<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>44, Pitt Street, Sydney.</i>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<p class="f110 space-below2"><i>Refer to Appendix for Answers to numbered Problems.</i></p>
-
-<h2><b>READING BIG NUMBERS.</b></h2>
-
-<hr class="r25" />
-<p class="f110"><b>Wonderful Calculations.</b></p>
-
-<p>Although we are accustomed to speak in the most airy fashion of
-millions, billions, &amp;c., and “rattle” off at a breath strings of
-figures, the fact still remains that we are unable to grasp their
-vastness. Man is finite&mdash;numbers are infinite!</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1">ONE MILLION</p>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Is beyond our conception. We can no more
-realise its immensity, than we can the tenth part of a second. It
-should be a pleasing fact to note that commercial calculations do not
-often extend beyond millions; generally speaking, it is in the realm
-of speculative calculation only, such as probability, astronomy,
-&amp;c., that we are brought face to face with these unthinkable
-magnitudes.</p>
-
-<p>Who, for instance, could form the slightest idea that the odds
-against a person tossing a coin in the air so as to bring a head
-200 times in succession are</p>
-<p class="center">160693804425899027554196209234116260522202993782792835301375</p>
-<p class="no-indent">(over I decillion, &amp;c.) to 1 against him?
-Suppose that all the men, women and children on the face of the earth
-were to keep on tossing coins at the rate of a million a second for
-a million years, the odds would still be too great for us to realise
-against any one person succeeding in performing the above feat, and
-yet the number representing the odds would be only half as long as
-the one already given.</p>
-
-<p>Or, who could understand the other equally astounding fact that
-Sirius, the Dog-star, is 130435000000000 miles from the earth, or
-even that the earth itself is 5426000000000000000000 tons in weight.</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1">WHAT IS A BILLION</p>
-
-<p>In Europe and America, the billion is 1,000,000,000&mdash;a thousand
-millions&mdash;but in Great Britain and her Colonies, a billion is
-reckoned 1,000,000,000,000&mdash;a million millions: a difference which
-should perhaps be worth remembering in the case of francs and dollars.</p>
-
-<p>One billion sovereigns placed side by side would extend to a distance
-of over 18,000,000 miles, and make a band which would pass 736 times
-round the globe, or, if lying side by side, would form a golden belt
-around it over 26 ft. wide; if the sovereigns were placed on top of
-each other flatways, the golden column would be more than a million
-miles in height.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Supposing you could count at the rate of 200 a minute; then, in
-one hour, you could count 12,000&mdash;if you were not interrupted. Well,
-12,000 an hour would be 288,000 a day; and a year, or 365 days,
-would produce 105,120,000. But this would not allow you a single
-moment for sleep, or for any other business whatever. If Adam at
-the beginning of his existence, had begun to count, had continued to
-count, and were counting still, he would not even now, according to
-the usually supposed age of man, have counted nearly enough. To
-count a billion, he would require 9,512 years, 342 days, 5 hours and 20
-minutes, according to the above reckoning. But suppose we were to
-allow the poor counter twelve hours daily for rest, eating and sleeping,
-he would need 19,025 years, 319 days, 10 hours and 40 minutes to
-count one billion.</p>
-
-<p class="no-indent">A comparison&mdash;</p>
-<p>One million seconds = less than 12 days</p>
-<p>&nbsp; "&nbsp; &nbsp; billion&nbsp; &emsp; &nbsp; "&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
-over 31,000 years</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above1">A GOOD CATCH.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_1">1.</a>&mdash;Ask a person to write, in figures, eleven thousand, eleven
-hundred and eleven. This often proves very amusing, few being able to
-write it correctly at first.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_2">2.</a>&mdash;If the eighth of £1 be 3s, what will the fifth of a £5 note be?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above1"><b>BOTHERSOME BILLS</b>.</p>
-
-<p>Defter at the anvil than at the desk was a village blacksmith who
-held a customer responsible for a little account running:</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To menden to broken sorspuns</td>
-        <td class="tdl">4 punse</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To handl to a kleffr</td>
-        <td class="tdl">6&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To pointen 3 iron skurrs</td>
-        <td class="tdl">3&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To repairen a lanton</td>
-        <td class="tdl">2&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">A klapper to a bel</td>
-        <td class="tdl">8&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Medsen attenden a cow sick the numoraman a bad i&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">6&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To arf a da elpen a fillup a taken in arvist</td>
-        <td class="tdl">1 shillin</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To a hole da elpen a fillup a taken in arvist</td>
-        <td class="tdl u">2&emsp; " &emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&emsp;&emsp;Totle of altigether</td>
-        <td class="tdl">5 shillins and fippunse.</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>That the honest man’s services had been requisitioned for the mending
-of two saucepans, putting a new handle to an old cleaver, sharpening
-three blunted iron skewers, repairing a lantern, and providing a bell
-with a clapper is clear enough; and by resolving “a fillup” into “A.
-Phillip,” all obscurity is removed from the last two items, but “the
-numoraman a bad i” is a nut the reader must crack for himself.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above1">ONE FROM A PUBLICAN.</p>
-
-<p>He stabled a horse for a night, and sent it home next day with a bill
-debiting the owner:</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To anos</td>
-        <td class="tdr">4/6</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To agitinonimom&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr u">-/6</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">5/-</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="center space-above1">A LAUNDRY BILL.</p>
-
-<p>A tourist in Tasmania, being called upon to pay a native dame of the
-wash-tub “OOo&nbsp;III,” opened his eyes and ejaculated, “O!” but the good
-woman explained that he owed her just two and ninepence, a big O
-standing for a shilling, a little one for sixpence, and each I for a
-penny.</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1">THE DUTCHMAN’S ACCOUNT.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Two wax dolls</td>
-        <td class="tdr">15/-</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">One wooden do&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr u">&nbsp;7/6</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&emsp;Total</td>
-        <td class="tdr">7/6</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>The two dolls were 7s 6d each, but one “wouldn’t do;” so, being
-returned, it was taken off the account in the above manner.</p>
-
-<p>A carpenter in Melbourne who did a small job in an office, made
-out his bill:</p>
-
-<p class="center">To hanging one door and myself&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 14s.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<p class="center space-above1">A BILL MADE OUT BY A MAN WHO COULD NOT WRITE.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_005.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="282" />
-    <p class="center">This is an exact copy of a bill sent by a bricklayer
-to a gentleman for work done.<br />Date, 1798.</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>The bill reads thus: Two men and a boy, ¾ of a day, 2 hods of mortar,
-10s 10d. Settled.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above2">A BILL FROM AN IRISH TAILOR.</p>
-
-<p class="center">To receipting a pair of trousers&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;5s.</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above2">QUITE RIGHT.</p>
-
-<p>At a large manufactory a patent pump refused to work. Several
-engineers failed to discover the cause. The local plumber, however,
-succeeded, after a few minutes, in putting it in working order, and
-sent to the company&mdash;</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To Mending pump</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2 0</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;"&nbsp;&nbsp; Knowing how</td>
-        <td class="tdr u">&nbsp;5 0 0</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&emsp;Total</td>
-        <td class="tdr">£5 2 0</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above1">A VETERINARY SURGEON’S ACCOUNT.</p>
-
-<p class="center">To curing your pony, that died yesterday,&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;£1 1s.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_3">3.</a> What is the number that the square of its half is equal to the
-number reversed?</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1">HOW TO GET A HEAD-ACHE.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_006.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="150" />
-</div>
-
-<p>Naturalists state that snakes, when in danger, have been known to
-swallow each other; the above three snakes have just commenced to
-perform this operation. The snakes are from the same “hatch,” and
-are therefore equal in age, length, weight, &amp;c. They all start at
-scratch&mdash;that is, commence swallowing simultaneously. They are
-twirling round at the express rate of 300 revolutions per minute,
-during which time the circumference is decreased by 1 inch.</p>
-
-<p>We would like our readers to tell us what will be the final result?
-Heads or tails, and how many of each?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_4">4.</a> A man sold two horses for £100 each; he lost 25 per cent. on one,
-and gained 25 per cent. on the other. Was he “quits”; or did he lose
-or gain by the transaction; and, if so, how much?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above1"><b>A GOOD CARD TRICK.</b></p>
-
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_007.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="286" />
-</div>
-<p>The performer lays upon the table ten cards, side by side, face
-downwards. Anyone is then at liberty (the performer meanwhile
-retiring from the room) to shift any number of the cards (from one
-to nine inclusive) from the right hand end of the row to the left,
-but retaining the order of the cards so shifted. The performer, on
-his return, makes a little speech: “Ladies and gentlemen, you have
-shifted a certain number of these cards. Now, I don’t intend to ask
-you a single question. By a simple mental calculation I can ascertain
-the number you have moved, and by my clairvoyant faculty, though the
-cards are face downwards, I shall pick out one corresponding with
-that number. Let me see” (pretends to calculate, and presently turns
-up a card representing “five”). “You shifted five cards and I have
-turned up a five, the exact number.”</p>
-
-<p>The cards moved are not replaced, but the performer again retires,
-and a second person is invited to move a few more from right to
-left. Again the performer on his return takes up the correct card
-indicating the number shifted. The trick, unlike most others, may be
-repeated without fear of detection.</p>
-
-<p>The principle is arithmetical. To begin with, the cards are arranged,
-unknown to the spectators, in the following order:</p>
-
-<p>Ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one.</p>
-
-<p>Such being the case, it will be found that, however many are shifted
-from right to left, the <i>first</i> card of the new row will indicate
-their number. Thus, suppose <i>three</i> are shifted. The new order of the
-cards will then be:</p>
-
-<p><i>Three</i>, two, one, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four.</p>
-
-<p>So far, the trick is easy enough, but the method of its continuance
-is a trifle more complicated. To tell the position of the indicating
-card after the second removal, the performer privately adds the
-number of that last turned up (in this case <i>three</i>) to its place in
-the row&mdash;<i>one</i>. That gives us <i>four</i>, the card to be turned up
-after the next shift will be the fourth. Thus, suppose six cards are now
-shifted, their new order will be:</p>
-
-<p>Nine, eight, seven, <i>six</i>, five, four, three, two, one, ten.</p>
-
-<p>Had five cards only been shifted, the <i>five</i> would have been
-fourth in the row, and so on.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>The performer now adds <i>six</i>, the number of the card, to its place
-in the row, <i>four</i>: the total, <i>ten</i>, gives him the position of
-the indicator for the next attempt. Thus, suppose four cards are next
-shifted, the new order will be:</p>
-
-<p>Three, two, one, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, <i>four</i>.</p>
-
-<p>The next calculation, 4 and 10, gives us a total 14. The ten is, in
-this case, cancelled, and the fourteen regarded as <i>four</i>, which
-will be found to be the correct indicator for the next shifting.</p>
-
-<p>It looks more mystifying if the performer be blindfolded, for he can
-tell the position of the cards with his fingers. Keeping his hand
-on the card, he asks, “Will you please tell me how many cards were
-shifted?” As soon as the answer is given, he exhibits the card, and
-can continue the trick as long as he pleases.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_5">5.</a> Find 16 numbers in arithmetical progression (common difference 2)
-whose sum shall be equal to 7552, and arrange them in 4 columns, 4
-numbers in each column&mdash;or, in other words, arrange in a square of 16
-numbers that when added vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, the
-sum of each 4 numbers will amount to 1888.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<h2>SOME CURIOUS NUMBERS.</h2>
-
-<p>If the number 37 be multiplied by 3, or any multiple of 3 up to 27,
-the product is expressed by three similar digits. Thus&mdash;</p>
-
-<ul class="index">
-<li class="ifrst">37 × 3 = 111</li>
-<li class="indx">37 × 6 = 222</li>
-<li class="indx">37 × 9 = 333</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>The products succeed each other in the order of the digits read
-downwards, 1, 2, 3, etc., these being multiplied by 3 (their number
-of places) reproduce the multiplicand of 37.</p>
-
-<ul class="index">
-<li class="ifrst">1 × 3 = 3</li>
-<li class="indx">2 × 3 = 6</li>
-<li class="indx">3 × 3 = 9</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>If it be multiplied by multiples of 3, beyond 27, this peculiarity is
-continued, except that the extreme figures taken together represent
-the multiple of 3 that is used as a multiplier. Thus&mdash;</p>
-
-<ul class="index">
-<li class="ifrst">37 × 30 = 1110, extreme figures, 10</li>
-<li class="indx">37 × 33 = 1221&nbsp; &nbsp;  &emsp;"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &emsp;"&nbsp; &nbsp;  &emsp;11</li>
-<li class="indx">37 × 36 = 1332&nbsp; &nbsp;  &emsp;"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  &emsp;"&nbsp; &nbsp;  &emsp;12</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>The number 73 (which is 37 inverted) multiplied by each of the
-numbers of arithmetical progression 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, etc., produces
-products terminating (unit’s place) by one of the ten different
-figures, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0. These figures will be found in
-the reverse order to that of the progression, 73 × 3 produces 9, by 6
-produces 8, and 9 produces 7, and so on.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Another number which falls under some mysterious law of series is
-142,857, which, multiplied by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 gives the same
-figures in the same order, beginning differently; but if multiplied
-by 7, gives all 9’s.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">142,857</td> <td class="tdc"> multiplied by</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;1&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">= 142,857</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;2&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">= 285,714</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;3&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">= 428,571</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;4&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">= 571,428</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;5&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">= 714,285</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;6&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">= 857,142</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;7&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">= 999,999</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Multiplied by 8, it gives 1,142,856, the first figure added to the
-last makes the original number&mdash;142,857.</p>
-
-<p>The vulgar fraction <sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>7</sub> = ·142,857.</p>
-
-<p>The following number, 526315789473684210, if multiplied as above,
-will, in the product, present the same peculiarities, as also will
-the number 3448275862068965517241379310.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">The multiplication of&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">987654321</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;by 45&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">= 444444444445</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Do.</td> <td class="tdc">123456789</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&ensp;" 45&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">=&nbsp;&emsp;5555555505</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Do.</td> <td class="tdc">987654321</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&ensp;" 54&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">=&nbsp;&ensp;53333333334</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Do.</td> <td class="tdc">123456789</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&ensp;" 54&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">=&nbsp;&emsp;6666666606</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Taking the same multiplicand and multiplying by 27 (half 54) the
-product is 26,666,666,667, all 6’s except the extremes, which read
-the original multiplier (27). If 72 be used as a multiplier, a
-similar series of progression is produced.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_6">6.</a> In stables five, can you contrive to put in horses twenty&mdash;
-In each stable an odd horse, and not a stable empty?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above1">“THREE THREES ARE TEN.”</p>
-
-<p>This little trick often puzzles many:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>Place three matches, coins, or other articles on the table, and by
-picking each one up and placing it back three times, counting each
-time to finish with number 10, instead of 9. Pick up the first match
-and return it to the table saying 1; the same with the second and
-third, saying 2 and 3; repeat this counting 4; but the fifth match
-must be held in the hand, saying at the time it is picked up, 5; the
-other two are also picked up and held in hand, making 6 and 7; the
-three matches are then returned to the table as 8, 9, and 10. If done
-quickly few are able to see through it.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_7">7.</a> A man bought a colt for a certain sum and sold him 2 years
-afterwards for £50 14s., gaining thereby as much per cent. per annum
-compound interest as it had cost him. What was the original price?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1"><b>Do Figures Lie?</b></p>
-
-<p>“Figures cannot lie,” is a very old saying. Nevertheless, we can
-all be deceived by them. Perhaps one of the best instances of them
-leading us astray is the following:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>An employer engaged two young men, A and B, and agreed to pay them
-wages at the rate of £100 per annum. A enquires if there is to be a
-“rise,” and is answered by the employer, “Yes, I will increase your
-wages £5 every six months.” “Oh! that is very small; it’s only £10
-per year,” replied A. “Well,” said the employer, “I will double it,
-and give you a rise of £20 per year.” A accepts the situation on
-those terms.</p>
-
-<p>B, in making his choice, prefers the £5 every six months. At the
-first glance, it would appear that A’s position was the better.</p>
-
-<p>Now, let us see how much each receives up to the end of four years:&mdash;</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>A</b></td>
-        <td class="tdc" colspan="2"><b>B</b></td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">1st year&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">£100&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;&emsp;50}</td> <td class="tdc" rowspan="2">&emsp;1st year</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">2nd &nbsp;"</td> <td class="tdr">120&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">55}</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">3rd &nbsp;"</td> <td class="tdr">140&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">60}</td> <td class="tdc" rowspan="2">&emsp;2nd &ensp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">4th &nbsp;"</td> <td class="tdr">160&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">65}</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">70}</td><td class="tdc" rowspan="2">&emsp;3rd &ensp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">75}</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">80}</td><td class="tdc" rowspan="2">&emsp;4th &ensp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr u">&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr u">&nbsp;85}</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;£520</td>
-        <td class="tdr">£540</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>A spieler at a Country Show amused the people with the following
-game:&mdash;He had 6 large dice, each of which was marked only on one
-face&mdash;the first with 1, the second 2, and so on to the sixth, which
-was marked 6. He held in his hand a bundle of notes, and offered to
-stake £100 to £1 if, in throwing these six dice, the six marked faces
-should come up only once, and the person attempting it to have 20
-throws.</p>
-
-<p>Though the proposal of the spieler does not on the first view appear
-very disadvantageous to those who wagered with him, it is certain
-there were a great many chances against them.</p>
-
-<p>The six dice can come up 46,656 different ways, only one of which
-would give the marked faces; the odds, therefore, in doing this
-in one throw would be 46,655 to 1 against, but, as the player was
-allowed 20 throws, the probability of his succeeding would be&mdash;</p>
-
-<p class="center">20<br />
-<span class="over">&nbsp;46,656&nbsp;</span></p>
-
-<p>To play an equal game, therefore, the spieler should have engaged
-to return 2332 times the money deposited.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1">TREBLE RULE OF THREE.</p>
-
-<p>If 70 dogs with 5 legs each catch 90 rabbits with 3 legs each in 25
-minutes, how many legs must 80 rabbits have to get away from 50 dogs
-with 2 legs each in half an hour?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_8">8.</a> Suppose a greyhound makes 27 springs whilst a hare makes 25, and
-the springs are equal: if the hare is 50 springs before the hound at
-the start, in how many springs will the hound overtake the hare?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>The first Arithmetic in English was written by Tonstal, Bishop of
-London, and printed by Pinson in 1552.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>Two persons playing dominoes 10 hours a day and making 4 moves a
-minute could continue 118,000 years without exhausting all the
-combinations of the game.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>A schoolmaster wrote the word “dozen” on the blackboard, and asked
-the pupils to each write a sentence containing the word. He was
-somewhat taken aback to find on one of the slates the following
-unique sentence: “I dozen know my lesson.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><a href="#ans_9">9.</a>&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;I have a piece of ground, which is neither square nor round,</span>
-<span class="i9">But an octagon, and this I have laid out</span>
-<span class="i7">In a novel way, though plain in appearance, and retain</span>
-<span class="i9">Three posts in each compartment; but I doubt</span>
-<span class="i7">Whether you discover how I apportioned it, e’en tho’</span>
-<span class="i9">I inform you ’tis divided into four.</span>
-<span class="i7">But, if you solve it right, ’twill afford you much delight</span>
-<span class="i9">And repay you for the trouble, I am sure.</span>
-</div></div></div>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_011.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="308" />
-</div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>At an examination in arithmetic, a little boy was asked “what two and
-two made?” Answer&mdash;“Four.” “Two and four?” Answer&mdash;“Six.” “Two and
-six?” Answer&mdash;“Half-a-crown.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_10">10.</a> A certain gentleman dying left his executor the sum of £3,000
-to be disposed of in the following manner, viz.:&mdash;To give to his
-son £1,000, to his wife £1,000, to his sister £1,000, and to his
-sister’s son £1,000, to his mother’s grandson £1,000, to his own
-father and mother £1,000, and to his wife’s own father and mother
-£1,000&mdash;required, the scheme of kindred.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1">COPY OF LETTER FROM FIRM TO COMMERCIAL TRAVELLER.</p>
-
-<p class="author">Sydney,&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;<br />25th Jan., 1895.</p>
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="smcap">Mr. Einstein</span>, Townsville,<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>,</p>
-
-<p>&nbsp;&emsp;Ve hav receved your letter on the 18th mit expense agount and round
-list. vat ve vants is orders, ve haf plenty maps in Sydney vrom vich
-to make up round lists also big families to make expenses.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Einstein ve find in going through your expenses agount 10s. for
-pilliards please don’t buy no more pilliards for us. vat ve vants is
-orders, also ve do see 30s. for a Horse and Buggy, vere is de horse
-and vot haf you done mit de Buggy the rest on your expenses agount
-vas nix but drinks&mdash;vy don’t you suck ice. ve sended you to day two
-boxes cigars, 1 costed 6/- and the oder 3/6 you can smoke the 6/- box,
-but gif de oders to your gustomers, ve send you also samples of
-a necktie vat costed us 28/- gross, sell dem for 30/- dozen if you
-can’t get 30/- take 8/6, vat ve vants is orders. The neckties is a
-novelty as ve hav dem in stock for seven years and ain’d sold none.
-My brother Louis says you should stop in Rockhampton. His cousin
-Marks livs dere. Louis says you should sell Marks a good bill; dry
-him mit de neckties first, and sell mostly for cash, he is Louis’s
-cousin. Ve only giv credit to dem gustomers vat pays cash. Don’t date
-any more bills ahead, as the days are longer in the summer as in the
-vinter. Don’t show Marks any of the good sellers, and finaly remember
-Mr. Einstein mit us veder you do bisness or you do nothings at all
-vat ve vants is orders.</p>
-
-<p class="author">Yours Truly,&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;<br />
-<span class="smcap">Shadrack</span> &amp; Co.</p>
-<p>P.S.&mdash;Keep the expenses down.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_11">11.</a> Two fathers and two sons went into a hotel to have
-drinks, which amounted to one shilling. They each spent the same amount. How much
-did each pay?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_12">12.</a> In a cricket match, a side of 11 men made a certain
-number of runs. One obtained one-eighth of the number, each of two others
-one-tenth, and each of three others one-twentieth. The rest made up
-among them 126 (the remainder of the score), and four of the last
-scored five times as many as the others. What was the whole number of
-runs, and the score of each man?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above3">BRAINS v. BRAWN.</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_013.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="273" />
-</div>
-<p><span class="smcap">Schoolmaster</span>&mdash;“What is meant by mental occupation?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Pupil</span>&mdash;“One in which we use our minds.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Schoolmaster</span>&mdash;“And a manual occupation?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Pupil</span>&mdash;“One in which we use our hands.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Schoolmaster</span>&mdash;“Now, which of these occupations is mine.
-Come, now; what do I use most in teaching you?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Pupil</span> (quickly)&mdash;“Your cane, sir!”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above1">MAGIC ADDITION.</p>
-
-<p><i>To write the answer of an addition sum, when only one line has been
-written.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_013_b.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="223" />
-</div>
-<p>Tell a person to write down a row of figures. Now, this row will
-constitute the main body of the answer. Tell him to write another
-row beneath it; you now write a row also, matching his second row in
-pairs of 9’s he writes one more row, and you again supply another in
-the same manner. Your addition sum will now consist of five lines,
-four of which are paired; the first line, or <i>key</i> line, being the
-answer to the sum.</p>
-
-<p>From the unit figure in the <i>key</i> line deduct the number of pairs of
-9’s&mdash;in this instance two&mdash;and place the remainder, 6, as the unit
-figure of the answer, then write in order the rest of the figures
-in the <i>key</i> line, annexing the 2 to the extreme left; this will
-constitute the complete answer.</p>
-
-<p>It, of course, is not necessary to adhere to two pairs of 9’s; there
-may be three, four, or even more; but the total number of lines,
-including the <i>key</i> line, must be <i>odd</i>, and the number of pairs must
-be deducted from the unit figure of the <i>key</i> line, and this same
-number be written down at the extreme left. The number of figures in
-each line should always be the same. As the location of the <i>key</i>
-line may be changed if necessary, the artifice could not easily be detected.</p>
-
-<p>Punctuation was first used in literature in the year 1520. Before that
-time wordsandsentenceswereputtogetherlikethis.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_014.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="346" />
-</div>
-<p class="space-above2"><a href="#ans_13">13.</a> Smith and Brown meet a dairymaid
-with a pail containing milk. Smith maintains that it is exactly half full; Brown
-that it is not. The result is a wager. They have no instrument of any kind, nor can
-they procure one by means of which to decide the wager; nevertheless
-they manage to find out accurately, and without assistance, whether
-the pail is half-full or not. How is it done?&mdash;It should be added
-that the pail is true in every direction.</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1 clear">A HINT FOR TAILORS.</p>
-
-<p>“There, stand in that position, please, and look straight at that
-notice while I take your measure.”</p>
-
-<p>Customer reads the notice&mdash;<br />
-<span class="ws20">“Terms Cash.”</span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="f120 space-above1"><b>NUMBER 9.</b></p>
-
-<p>If two numbers divisible by 9 be added together the sum of the
-figures in the amount will be either 9 or a number divisible by 9.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Example:&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">54</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">(1)</td> <td class="tdc u">&nbsp;36&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">90</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>If one number divisible by 9 be subtracted from another number
-divisible by 9, the remainder will be either a 9 or a number divisible by 9.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Example:&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">72</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">(2)</td> <td class="tdc u">&nbsp;18&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">54</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>If one number divisible by 9 be multiplied by another number
-divisible by 9, the product will be divisible by 9.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Example:&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">54</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">(3)</td> <td class="tdc u">&nbsp;27&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">1458</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
-If one number divisible by 9 be divided by another number divisible
-by 9, the quotient will be divisible by 9.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Example:&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">27</td>
-        <td class="tdc over">) 3645</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">(4)</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc u">&nbsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">135</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>In the above examples it is worth noting that the figures in each
-answer added together continually produce 9.</p>
-
-<p class="center">(1) 90 = 9&nbsp;&emsp;(2) 54 = 9&nbsp;&emsp;
-(3) 1458 = 18 = 9&nbsp;&emsp;(4) 135 = 9</p>
-
-<p>Also, if these answers be multiplied by any number whatever, a
-similar result will be produced.</p>
-
-<p class="center">Example: 135 x 8 = 1080 = 9</p>
-
-<p>If any row of two or more figures be reversed and subtracted
-from itself, the figures composing the remainder will, when added,
-be a multiple of 9, and if added together continually will result in 9.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Example:&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">7362</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc u">2637&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">4725</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;= 18 = 9</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Tell a person to write a row of figures, then to add them together,
-and to subtract the total from the row first written, then to cross out
-any one of the figures in the answer, and to add the remaining
-figures in the answer together, omitting the figure crossed out; if the
-total be now told, it is easy to discover the figure crossed out.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Example:&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">4367256</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;= 33</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc u">&nbsp;&emsp;&emsp;33</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">4367223</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;= 27</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>It should be observed that the figures of the answer to the
-subtraction when added together equal 27&mdash;a multiple of 9; this,
-of course, is always the case. Now, suppose that 7 was the figure
-crossed out, then the sum of the figures in the answer (omitting 7)
-would be 20; this number being told by the person, it is easily
-seen that 7 must have been crossed out, as that figure is required
-to complete the multiple 27. If after the figure has been crossed
-out, the remaining figures total a multiple of 9, it is evident that
-either a cipher or a 9 must have been the figure erased.</p>
-
-<p>Multiply the digits&mdash;omitting 8&mdash;by any multiple of 9, and the
-product will consist of that multiple,</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Example:&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">12345679</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;36= 4 x 9</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc u">&nbsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;36</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">444444444</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>If a figure with a number of ciphers attached to it be divided by
-9, the quotient will be composed of that figure only repeated as many
-times as there are ciphers in the dividend; with the same figure as
-the remainder.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Example:&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;&emsp;9</td>
-        <td class="tdc over">) 7000000</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&emsp;&emsp;777777 - 7</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
-<p class="f150">EXCUSES.</p>
-
-<p>“Miss Brown,&mdash;You must stop teach my Lizzie fisical torture. She
-needs reading and figgers more an that. If I want her to do jumpin
-I kin make her jump.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>“Please let Willie home at 3 o’clock. I take him out for a little
-pleasure, to see his father’s grave.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>“Dear Teecher,&mdash;Please excuse John for staying home&mdash;he had the
-meesels to oblige his father.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>“Dear Miss&mdash;&mdash;, Please excuse my boy scratching hisself, he’s got a
-new flannel shirt on.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<p>“A country schoolmaster received from a small boy a slip of paper
-which was supposed to contain an excuse for the non-attendance
-of the boy’s brother. He examined the paper, and saw thereon:</p>
-
-<p class="center">“Kepatomtogoataturing.”</p>
-
-<p>Unable to understand, the small boy explained to the master that his
-big brother had been “kept at home to go taturing”&mdash;that is, to dig
-potatoes.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>“Tommy,” said the school teacher, “you must get your father to give
-you an excuse the next time you stay away from school.”</p>
-
-<p>“That’s no use, teacher. Dad’s no good at making excuses; mother
-bowls him out every time.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above1">HARVESTING.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_14">14.</a> A and B engage to reap a field for 90s. A could reap
-it in 9 days by himself; they promised to complete it in five days; they found,
-however, that they were obliged to call in C (an inferior workman) to
-assist them the last two days, in consequence of which B received 3s.
-9d. less than he otherwise would have done. In what time could B and
-C reap the field alone?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_15">15.</a> A man has a triangular block of land, the largest side
-being 136 chains, and each of the other sides 68 chains. What is the value of
-the grass on it, at the rate of £2 an acre?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>A school inspector in the North of Ireland was once examining a
-geography class, and asked the question:</p>
-
-<p>“What is a lake?”</p>
-
-<p>He was much amused when a little fellow, evidently a true gem
-of the emerald isle, answered: “It’s a hole in a can, sur.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_017.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="335" />
-</div>
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="smcap">Canvasser</span>&mdash;“I’ve got some signs that I’m selling to
-shopkeepers all day long. Everybody buys ’em. Here’s one&mdash;“If You
-Don’t See What You Want, Ask For It.”</p>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><br /><span class="smcap">Country Shopkeeper</span>&mdash;“Think I want to be bothered with people
-asking for things I ain’t got. Give me one reading “Ef Yeh Don’t See
-What Yeh Want, Ask Fer Something Else.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_16">16.</a> The number of soldiers placed at a review is such that
-they could be formed into 4 hollow squares, each 4 deep, and contain 24 men in
-the front rank more than when formed into a solid square. Find the whole number.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>In the counting-house of an Irishman the following notice is
-exhibited in a conspicuous place: “Persons having no business in this
-office will please get it done as soon as possible and leave.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i13"><a href="#ans_17">17.</a></span>
-<span class="i0">Upon a piece of cardboard draw</span>
-<span class="i2">The three designs you see&mdash;</span>
-<span class="i0">I should have said of each shape four&mdash;</span>
-<span class="i2">Which when cut out will be,</span>
-<span class="i0">If joined correctly, that which you</span>
-<span class="i2">Are striving to unfold&mdash;</span>
-<span class="i0">An octagon, familiar to</span>
-<span class="i2">My friends both young and old.</span>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_017_b.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="178" />
-</div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>“I was induced to-day, by the importunity of your traveller,” wrote
-an up-country store-keeper to a Brisbane firm, “to give him an order;
-but, as I did it merely to get rid of him in a civil manner, and to
-prevent my losing any more time, I must ask you to cancel the same.”</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1">A CATCH IN EUCHRE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_18">18.</a> What card in the game of euchre is always
-trumps and yet never turned up? This often puzzles many.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above3">RELIGIOUS RECKONING.&mdash;(<span class="smcap">The New Jerusalem.</span>)</p>
-
-<p>Revelations xxi. (15)&mdash;“<i>And he that talked with me had a golden
-rule to measure the city and the gates thereof and the wall thereof</i>;</p>
-
-<p>(16) “<i>And the city lieth four square, and the length is as large
-as the breadth, and he measured the city with the reed twelve thousand
-furlongs. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal.</i>”</p>
-
-<p>12,000 furlongs = 7,920,000 feet, which cubed = 496793088000000000000
-cubic feet; half of this we will reserve for the Throne and Court of
-Heaven, and half the balance for streets, &amp;c., leaving a remainder
-of 124198272000000000000 cubic feet. Divide this by 4096 (the cubic
-feet in a room 16 feet square) and there will be 3032184375 000000
-rooms. Suppose that the world always did and always will contain
-990,000,000 inhabitants, and that a generation lasts 33⅓ years,
-making in all 2,970,000,000 every century, and that the world will
-stand 100,000 years, totalling 2,970,000,000,000 inhabitants; then
-suppose there were 100 worlds equal to this in number of inhabitants
-and duration of years, making a total of 297,000,000,000,000 persons.
-There would then be more than 100 rooms 16 feet square for each person.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_19">19.</a> A man had a certain number of £’s, which he divided
-among 4 men. To the first he gave a part, to the second one-third of what was left
-after the first’s share, to the third he gave five-eighths of what
-was left, and to the fourth the balance, which equalled two-fifths of
-the first man’s share. How much money did he have, and how much did
-each receive, none receiving as much as £20?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">ROWING AGAINST TIME.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_20">20.</a> In a time race, one boat is rowed over the course
-at an average pace of 4 yards per second, another moves over the first half of
-the course at the rate of 3½ yards per second, and over the last half
-at 4½ yards per second, reaching the winning post 15 seconds later
-than the first. Find time taken by each.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">STOCK-BREEDING.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_21">21.</a> A farmer, being asked what number of animals he kept,
-answered: “They’re all horses but two, all sheep but two, and all pigs but
-two.” How many had he?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A QUIBBLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_22">22.</a> What is the difference between twice
-one hundred and five, and twice one hundred, and ten?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_23">23.</a> The product of two numbers is six times their
-sum, and the sum of their squares is 325. What are the numbers?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center">THE PUZZLE ABOUT THE “PER CENTS.”</p>
-
-<p>There are many persons engaged in business who often become badly
-mixed when they attempt to handle the subject of per centages. The
-ascending scale is easy enough: 5 added to 20 is a gain of 25%; given
-any sum of figures the doubling of it is an addition of 100%. But
-the moment the change is a decreasing calculation the inexperienced
-mathematician betrays himself, and even the expert is apt to stumble
-or go astray. An advance from 20 to 25 is an increase of 25%; but the
-reverse of this, that is, a decline from 25 to 20 is a decrease of
-only 20%.</p>
-
-<p>There are many persons, otherwise intelligent, who cannot see why the
-reduction of 100 to 50 is not a decrease of 100%, if an advance from
-50 to 100 is an increase of 100%.</p>
-
-<p>The other day, an article of merchandise which had been purchased
-at 10 pence a pound was resold at 30 pence a pound&mdash;an advance of
-200%. Whereupon, a writer in chronicling the sale said that at the
-beginning of the recent depression several invoices of the same class
-of goods which had cost over 30 pence per pound had been finally sold
-at 10 pence per pound&mdash;a loss of over 200%! Of course there cannot
-be a decrease or loss of more than 100%, because this wipes out the
-whole investment and makes the price nothing. An advance from 10 to
-30 is a gain of 200%; but a decline of 30 to 10 is a loss of only 66⅔%.</p>
-
-<p>A very deserving trader was ruined by his miscalculations respecting
-mercantile discounts. The article he manufactured he at first
-supplied to retail dealers at a large profit of about 30%. He
-afterwards confined his trade almost exclusively to large wholesale
-houses, to whom he charged the same price, but allowed a discount of
-20%, believing that he was still realising 10% for his own profit.
-His trade was very extensive, and it was not till after some years
-that he discovered the fact that in place of making 10% profit, as
-he imagined, by this mode of making his sales he was realising only
-4%. To £100 value of goods he added 30%, and invoiced them at £130.
-At the end of each month, in the settlement of accounts amounting to
-some thousands of pounds with individual houses, he deducted 20%, or
-£26 on each £130, leaving £104, value of goods at prime cost, instead
-of £110, as he all along expected.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_24">24.</a> Divide 75 into two parts so that three times
-the greater may exceed seven times the less by 15.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_25">25.</a> What number is that which, being divided by 7
-and the quotient diminished by 10, three times the remainder shall be 24?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">N.B.</p>
-
-<p>“Trust men and they will trust you,” said Emerson.
-“Trust men and they will bust you,” says the business man.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_020.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="306" />
-</div>
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i13"><a href="#ans_26">26.</a></span>
-<span class="i0">Two years ago to Hobart-town</span>
-<span class="i0">A certain number of folk came down.</span>
-<span class="i0">The square root of half of them got married,</span>
-<span class="i0">And then in Hobart no longer tarried;</span>
-<span class="i0">Eight-ninths of all went away as well</span>
-<span class="i0">(This is a story sad to tell):</span>
-<span class="i0">The square root of four now live here in woe!</span>
-<span class="i0">How many came here two years ago?</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<p class="center clear">PECULIARITIES OF SQUARES.</p>
-
-<p class="center">The following is well worth examining:&mdash;</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">2<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">&emsp;equals</td>
-        <td class="tdr">1</td> <td class="tdc">&emsp;plus&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">&emsp;plus&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">1</td><td class="tdc">&emsp;equals</td>
-        <td class="tdr">4</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">3<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">4</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">3</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">9</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">4<sup>2</sup></td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">9</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">5</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">16</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">5<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">16</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">7</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">25</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">6<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">25</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">9</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">36</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">7<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">36</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">11</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">49</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">8<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">49</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">13</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">64</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">9<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">64</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">15</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">81</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">10<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">81</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">17</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">100</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">11<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">100</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">19</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">121</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">12<sup>2</sup>.</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">121</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">21</td><td class="tdc">"</td>
-        <td class="tdr">144</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_27">27.</a> How many inches are there in the diagonal of a cubic
-foot? and how many square inches in a superficies made by a plane through two
-opposite edges of the cube?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="smcap">Father</span> (who has helped his son in his arithmetic at
-home)&mdash;“What did the teacher remark when you showed him your sums?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Johnny</span>&mdash;“He said I was getting more stupid every day.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center space-above2">A “CATCH.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_28">28.</a>&nbsp;&emsp;2 plus 2 = 4<br />
-<span class="ws8">2&nbsp;&nbsp; x&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 = 4&nbsp;&emsp;The sum and product are alike.</span><br />
-</p>
-
-<p>Find another number that when added to itself the sum will equal its square.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_021.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="160" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_29">29.</a> A man went to market with 3 baskets of oranges, which
-he sold at 6d. per dozen; after paying 2s. for refreshments and his coach fare,
-he had remaining 7s. The contents of the first and second baskets
-were equal to four times the first, and the contents of the first and
-half the third were together equal to the second; if he had sold the
-second and third baskets at 4d per dozen, he would have made as much
-money as he had now remaining. What was the coach fare?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_30">30.</a> A farmer has a triangular paddock, the sides of
-which are 900, 750, and 600 links; he requires to cut off 3 roods and 28 perches
-therefrom by a straight fence parallel to its least side. What
-distance must be taken on the largest and intermediate sides?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND.</p>
-
-<p>By the aid of the following, the order of the kings and queens of
-England may be easily remembered:&mdash;</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">First William the Norman, then William, his son;</span>
-<span class="i0">Henry, Stephen, and Henry, then Richard and John.</span>
-<span class="i0">Next Henry the Third, Edwards, one, two, and three;</span>
-<span class="i0">And again after Richard three Henrys we see.</span>
-<span class="i0">Two Edwards, third Richard, if rightly I guess,</span>
-<span class="i0">Two Henrys, sixth Edward, Queens Mary and Bess;</span>
-<span class="i0">Then Jamie the Scot, then Charles, whom they slew;</span>
-<span class="i0">Then followed Cromwell, another Charles, too.</span>
-<span class="i0">Next James, called the Second, ascended the Throne,</span>
-<span class="i0">Then William and Mary together came on.</span>
-<span class="i0">Then Anne, four Georges, and fourth William past,</span>
-<span class="i0">Succeeded Victoria, the youngest and last.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_31">31.</a> Take from 33 the fourth, fifth, and tenth parts
-of a certain number, and the remainder is 0. What is the number?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A WALKING MATCH.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_32">32.</a> T bets D he can walk 7 miles to his 6 for any time
-or distance; so they agree to walk a certain distance, starting from opposite
-points. T starts from point M to walk to N. D starts from N and walks
-to M. They both started at the same moment, and met at a spot 10
-miles nearer to N than M. T arrives at N in 8 hours, and D arrives at
-M in 12½ hours after meeting. Who wins the wager? How far from M
-to N? And find the pace at which each walked?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE ALPHABET.</p>
-
-<p>The total number of different combinations of the 26 letters of the
-alphabet is 403291461126605635584000000. All the inhabitants on the
-globe could not together, in a thousand million years, write out all
-the combinations, supposing that each wrote 40 pages daily, each page
-containing 40 different combinations of the letters.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“10 INTO 9 MUST GO.”</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_022.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="258" />
-</div>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><a href="#ans_33">33.</a> Ten weary footsore travellers, all in a woeful plight,</span>
-<span class="i3">Sought shelter at a wayside inn one dark and stormy night.</span>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i3">“Nine rooms-no more,” the landlord said, “have I to offer you;</span>
-<span class="i3">To each of eight a single bed, but the ninth must serve for two.”</span>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i3">A din arose; the troubled host could only scratch his head,</span>
-<span class="i3">For of those tired men no two would occupy one bed.</span>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i3">The puzzled host was soon at ease (he was a clever man),</span>
-<span class="i3">And so, to please his guests, devised this most ingenious plan.</span>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="smcap">Bobby</span> (just from school)&mdash;“Mamma, I’ve got through the
-promisecue-us examples, an’ I’m into dismal fractures.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_34">34.</a> Find the expense of flooring a circular skating rink
-30 feet in diameter at 2s. 3d. per square foot, leaving in the centre a space
-for a band kiosk in the shape of a regular hexagon, each side of which measures 24 inches.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_35">35.</a> Gold can be hammered so thin that a grain will
-make 56 square inches for leaf gilding. How many such leaves will make an
-inch thick if the weight of a cubic foot of gold is 12 cwt. 95 lbs.?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>School Inspector: “What part of speech is the word “am”?</p>
-
-<p>Smart Cockney Youth: “What? the ‘’am’ what you eat, sir, or the ’am‘ what you is?”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above2">MIND-READING WITH CARDS.</p>
-
-<p>Hand the pack (a full one) to be shuffled by as many spectators
-as wish; then propose that someone takes the pack in his hand and
-secretly chooses a card, not removing it, but noticing at what number
-it stands counting from the bottom; he then returns the pack to you.</p>
-
-<p>Now you have to tell what number the card is from the top. You ask
-any one of the spectators to choose any number between 40 and 50, and
-whatever number is chosen the card will appear at that number in the
-pack. Let us suppose the number chosen is 48.</p>
-
-<p>You then say that it is not necessary for you to even see the cards,
-which will give you a good excuse for holding them under the table,
-or behind your back. Now subtract the number chosen, 48, from 52,
-which gives remainder 4, count off that many cards from the top, and
-place them at the bottom. You next say to the gentleman who chooses
-the card, that “it is now number 48, according to the general desire,
-would you please let us know at what number it originally stood?”
-Suppose he answers 7. Then, in order to save time, you commence
-counting from the top at that number, dealing off the cards one by
-one, calling the first card 7, the next 8, and so on. When you reach
-48, it will be the card the gentleman had chosen. It is not necessary
-to limit the choice of position to between 40 and 50, but it is
-better for two reasons.</p>
-
-<p>First, that the number chosen be higher than that at which the card
-first stood, also the higher the number chosen, the fewer cards are
-there to slip from the top to the bottom.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_023.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="93" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_36">36.</a> Divide a St. George cross, by two straight cuts, into
-four pieces, so that the pieces, when put together, will form a square.</p>
-
-<p class="center  clear space-above2">PARSING.</p>
-
-<p>“What part of speech is ‘kiss’?” asked the High School teacher.</p>
-
-<p>“A conjunction,” replied one of the smart girls.</p>
-
-<p>“Wrong,” said the teacher, severely. “Next girl.”</p>
-
-<p>“A noun,” put in a demure maiden.</p>
-
-<p>“What kind of a noun?” continued the teacher.</p>
-
-<p>“Well&mdash;er&mdash;it is both common and proper,” answered the shy girl, and
-she was promoted to the head of the class.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“QUICK.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Teacher</span> (to class)&mdash;“What is velocity?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Bright Youth</span>&mdash;“Velocity is what a
-person puts a hot plate down with.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">OFFICE RULES.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">I.</span> Gentlemen entering this Office will
-please leave the door wide open.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">II.</span> Those having no business will
-please call often, remain as long as possible, take a chair, make
-themselves comfortable, and gossip with the Clerks.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">III.</span> Gentlemen are requested to smoke,
-and expectorate on the floor, especially during Office Hours; Cigars
-and Newspapers supplied.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">IV.</span> The Money in this Office is not
-intended for business purposes&mdash;by no means&mdash;it is solely
-to lend. Please note this.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">V.</span> A Supply of Cash is always provided
-to Cash Cheques for all comers, and relieve Bank Clerks of their
-legitimate duties. Stamped cheque forms given gratis.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">VI.</span> Talk loud and whistle, especially
-when we are engaged; if this has not the desired effect, sing.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">VII.</span> The Clerks receive visits from
-their friends and their relatives; please don’t interrupt them with
-business matters when so engaged.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">VIII.</span> Gentlemen will please examine
-our letters, and jot down the Names and Addresses of our Customers,
-particularly if they are in the same profession.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">IX.</span> As we are always glad to see old
-friends, it will be particularly refreshing to receive visits and
-renewal of orders from any former Customer who has passed through the
-Bankruptcy Court, and paid us not more than Sixpence in the Pound. A
-<span class="smcap">Warm</span> welcome may be relied on.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">X.</span> Having no occupation for our Office
-Boy, he is entirely at the service of callers.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">XI.</span> Our Telephone is always at the
-disposal of anyone desirous of using it.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">XII.</span> The following are kept at this
-Office for Public Convenience:&mdash;<br /> A Stock of Umbrellas
-(silk), all the Local Newspapers, Railway Time Tables, and other
-Guides and Directories; also a supply of Note Paper, Envelopes, and
-Stamps.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">XIII.</span> Should you find our principals
-engaged, do not hesitate to interrupt them. No business can possibly
-be of greater importance than yours.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">XIV.</span> If you have the opportunity of
-overhearing any conversation, do not hesitate to listen. You may gain
-information which may be useful in the event of disputes arising.</p>
-
-<p class="blockquot2"><span class="smcap">XV.</span> In case you wish to inspect our
-premises, kindly do so during wet weather, and carry your umbrella
-with you. We admire the effect on the floor; it gives an air of
-comfort to the establishment. (The Umbrella Stand is only for
-ornament, and on no account to be used).</p>
-
-<p><i>P.S.&mdash;Our hours for listening to Commercial Travellers, Beggars,
-Hawkers, and Advertising Men are all day. We attend to our Business at Night only.</i>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A NEW WAY OF PUTTING IT.</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i4">“Dirty days hath September,</span>
-<span class="i4">April, June and November;</span>
-<span class="i4">From January up to May,</span>
-<span class="i4">The rain it raineth every day.</span>
-<span class="i4">All the rest have thirty-one,</span>
-<span class="i4">Without a blessed gleam of sun;</span>
-<span class="i4">And if any of them had two and thirty,</span>
-<span class="i4">They’d be just as wet and twice as dirty.”</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>Does the top of a carriage wheel move faster than the bottom? This
-question seems absurd. That the top moves faster, however, is
-perfectly correct; for if not it would simply move round in the same
-place: in a wheel on a fixed axle the bottom moves backward as fast
-as the top moves forward; but in a wheel that is going forward,
-drawn by a progressive axle, the bottom does not go back at all, but
-remains almost stationary until it is its turn to rise and go forward.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_37">37.</a> A General, arranging his army in a solid square, finds
-he has 284 men to spare, but on increasing the sides of the square by one man,
-he wants 25 men to complete the square. How many men has he?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“STEWING.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_38">38.</a> A student reads two lines more of “Virgil” each day
-than he did the day before, and finds that, having read a certain quantity in
-18 days, he will read at this rate the same quantity in the next 14
-days. How much will he read in the whole time?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_39">39.</a> Two bootmakers who lived in the town of B., thrown
-out of employment, resolved to go to G., a town 24 miles north from B.,
-where there is a large factory; one of them went straight on to G.,
-but the other went first to C., a small township west of B., and then
-went direct to G., his whole journey being 45 miles. What is the
-distance from C. to G.?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_40">40.</a> A tree which grows each year 1 inch less than the
-previous year, grew a yard in the first year; the value of the tree at any time
-is equal to the number of pence in the cube of the number of yards of
-its height. What is the value of the tree when done growing?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THIS OFTEN “STICKS” PEOPLE UP.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_41">41.</a> What two odd numbers multiplied together make 7?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">MAGIC SQUARES.</p>
-
-<p>A Magic Square is a series of figures arranged in the equal divisions
-of a square in such a manner that the figures in each row when added
-up, whether horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, form exactly the
-same sum.</p>
-
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_026.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="300" />
-</div>
-
-<p>They have been called “Magic” because the ancients ascribed to them
-great virtues, and because this arrangement of numbers formed the
-basis and principle of their talismans. Archimedes devoted a great
-amount of attention to them, which has caused a great many to speak
-of them as “the squares of Archimedes.” They may be either odd or
-even. When the former, the following method will be found valuable:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>With the digits from 1 to 25 form a square so that the numbers when
-added up horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will amount to 65.</p>
-
-<p><i>Method.</i>&mdash;Imagine an exterior line of squares above the magic square
-you wish to form, and another on the right hand of it. These two
-imaginary lines are shown in the diagram.</p>
-
-<p>1st. In placing the numbers in the square, we must go in the
-ascending diagonal direction from left to right, any number which, by
-pursuing this direction, would fall into the exterior line must be
-carried along that line of squares, whether vertical or horizontal,
-to the last square. Thus, 1 having been placed in the centre of the
-top row, 2 would fall into the exterior square above the fourth
-vertical line; then ascending diagonally 3 falls into the square
-diagonally from 2, but 4 falls out of it to the end of a horizontal
-line, and it must be carried along that line to the extreme left and
-there placed. Resuming our diagonal ascension to the right we place 5
-where the reader sees it, and would place 6 in the middle of the top
-row, but as we find 1 is already there we look for the direction to</p>
-
-<p>2nd. That when in ascending diagonally we come to a square already
-occupied, we must place the number which, according to the 1st rule
-should go into that occupied square directly under the last number
-placed: thus, in ascending with 4, 5, 6, the 6 must be placed under
-the 5, because the square next to 5 in diagonal direction is occupied.</p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-<p class="ws10">A Promising Sign&mdash;I O U.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-<p class="center">HOW TO FIND THE TOTAL OF A ROW OF<br />FIGURES IN A MAGIC SQUARE.</p>
-
-<p><i>Rule.</i>&mdash;Multiply half the sum of the extremes by the square root of
-the greatest extreme.</p>
-
-<p>Referring to the example given above, we see that the extremes 1 and
-25 added equal 26&mdash;half of which is 13; this multiplied by 5 (the
-square root of 25) gives 65 as the total for each row.</p>
-
-<p>Again, in the next question, the two extremes 1 and 81 equal 82, half
-of this sum is 41, which multiplied by 9 (the square root of 81)
-gives 369 as the total for each row.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_42">42.</a> Arrange the figures from 1 to 81 in a square that
-when added up horizontally, vertically, or diagonally the sum will be 369.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">HOW THEY WORKED IT.</p>
-
-<p>Mick and Pat, working in the country some distance from a hotel,
-arranged with the landlord to take to their hut a small keg of rum.
-They were unable to pay for the liquor at the time, having only one
-threepenny piece between them; but Mick proposed that every time he
-had a drink he would give Pat threepence, and Pat also agreed to
-pay Mick for his drinks, the cash thus gathered to be brought to
-the publican when the keg was empty. This proposal was accepted by
-the publican, the keg of rum handed over to the two Irishmen, who
-immediately started on their journey. They had not proceeded very far
-before their burden made them thirsty. Mick is the first to pull up
-with: “Hold on, Pat, I think I’ll have a drink.” “Begorra,” replied
-Pat, “you’ll have to pay me for it then.” Mick hands the 3d. to Pat
-before having a good “pull.” Pat now being the possessor of the price
-of a drink, slakes his thirst by paying Mick 3d. for it. This form
-of payment is kept up till the rum has disappeared. On their next
-visit to the hotel, the 3d piece is handed to the landlord as being
-payment, according to terms of agreement adopted by him.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_43">43.</a> Arrange the figure’s from 1 to 9 in a square,
-so that they will add up to 15, horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_44">44.</a></p>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_027.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="144" />
-</div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_45">45.</a> A man sold a horse for £35 and half as much as he
-gave for it, and gained thereby 10 guineas. What did he pay for the horse?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE DISHONEST SERVANT.</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_028.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="204" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_46">46.</a> A gentleman having bought 28 bottles of wine, and
-suspecting his servant of tampering with the contents of the wine cellar, caused
-these bottles to be arranged in a bin in such a way as to count 9
-bottles on each side. Nothwithstanding this precaution, the servant
-in two successive visits stole 8 bottles&mdash;4 each time&mdash;re-arranging
-the bottles each time so that they still counted 9 on a side. How did he do it?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="smcap">Father</span>&mdash;“You are very backward in your arithmetic. When I was
-your age I was doing cube roots.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Boy</span>&mdash;“What’s them?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Father</span>&mdash;“What! You don’t know what they are? My! my! that’s
-terrible! There, give me your pencil. Now, we take, say, 28764289,
-and find the cube root. First, you divide&mdash;no, you point off&mdash;no&mdash;let
-me see?&mdash;um&mdash;yes&mdash;no&mdash;don’t stand there grinning like a Cheshire cat;
-go upstairs and stay in your bedroom for an hour.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A “TAKE-DOWN” WITH CARDS.</p>
-
-<p>This is a card trick which depends upon a certain “key,” the
-possessor of which will always have the advantage over his
-uninstructed adversary. It is played with the first six of each
-suit&mdash;the four aces in one row, next row the deuces, threes,
-fours, fives and sixes. The object now will be to turn down cards
-alternately, and endeavour to make thirty-one points by so turning
-without over-running that number. The chief point is to count so as
-to end with the following numbers: 3, 10, 17 or 24.</p>
-
-<p>For instance, we will suppose it your privilege to commence the
-count; you would commence with 3, and your adversary would add 6,
-which would make 9; it would be then your policy to add 1 and make
-10; then, no matter what number he adds he cannot prevent you making
-17, which gives you the command of the trick. We will suppose he adds
-6 and make 16; then you add 1 and make 17; then he to add 6 and make
-23, you add 1 and make 24; then he cannot add any number to make 31,
-as the highest number he can add is 6, which would only count 30, so
-that you can easily add the remaining 1 and make 31.</p>
-
-<p>If your adversary is not wary, you may safely turn indifferent
-numbers at the beginning, trusting to his ignorance to let you count
-17 or 24; but, as his knowledge increases, he will soon learn that 24
-is a critical number, and to play for it accordingly.</p>
-
-<p>If both players know the trick, the first to play must be the winner,
-as he is sure to begin with a 3, which commands the game.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">ON AN OFFICE DOOR IN GOULBURN.</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">A baptism in Hades’ depths,</span>
-<span class="i2">As hot as boiling tar,</span>
-<span class="i0">Awaits the man who quits this room</span>
-<span class="i2">And leaves the door ajar.</span>
-<span class="i0">But he who softly shuts the door</span>
-<span class="i2">Shall dwell among the blest&mdash;</span>
-<span class="i0">Where the wicked cease from troubling</span>
-<span class="i2">And the weary are at rest.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_47">47.</a> There are 5 eggs on a dish; divide them amongst
-5 persons so that each will get 1 egg and yet 1 still remain on the dish.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_48">48.</a> If a goose weighs 10 lbs. and a half of its own
-weight, what is the weight of the goose?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE GEOMETRICAL WONDER AND ARITHMETICAL ABSURDITY.</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_029.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="152" />
-    <p class="center">5 × 13 = 65 square inches.</p>
-</div>
-<p>Take a piece of cardboard 13 inches long and 5 wide, thus giving a
-surface of 65 inches. Cut this strip diagonally, giving two pieces
-in the shape of a triangle, and measure exactly 5 inches from the
-larger end of each strip and cut in two pieces. Take these strips and
-put them into the shape of an exact square, and it will appear to be
-just 8 inches each way, or 64 inches&mdash;a loss of one square inch of
-superficial measurement with no diminution of surface.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_49">49.</a> If we buy 20 sheep for 20 shillings, and give 2s.
-for wethers, 1s. 6d. for ewes, and 4d. for lambs, how many of each must we buy?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_50">50.</a> A sets out from a place and travels 5 miles an hour.
-B sets out 4½ hours after A and travels in the same direction 3 miles in the
-first hour, 3½ miles the second hour, 4 miles the third hour, and so on.
-In how many hours will B overtake A?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">OFTEN ASKED.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_51">51.</a> What is the difference between 4 square miles and 4 miles square?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">TO TELL THE NUMBER THOUGHT OF ON A CLOCK.</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_030.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="197" />
-</div>
-<p>Ask a person to think of any number on the dial of a clock; you then
-point, promiscuously at the various numbers, telling the person to
-add the number of times you point to the number he thought of, and
-when the total reaches 20, you will be pointing at the number he selected.</p>
-
-<p>For instance, suppose he selected the number 5. You point
-indifferently 7 times at the various numbers, but the 8th time your
-pointer must be at XII., his addition will then be 13 (for 5 and 8
-added equal 13), the next at XI., his addition then 14, next at X.,
-and so on. When he calls 20, you will be pointing at the number he
-thought of&mdash;5.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>A very amusing experiment is to ask a person to write down the
-figures around the dial of a clock. Nearly all know that the figures
-are generally the Roman numerals; but, in writing them down, when
-they come to the four, it is very often written IV. instead of IIII.</p>
-
-<p>It is said that a certain king, being unable to find any other fault
-in a clock that had been constructed for him, declared that the
-figure four should be represented by four strokes (IIII) instead
-of IV. In vain did the clock-maker point out the mistake, for his
-majesty adhered obstinately to his own opinion, and angrily ordered
-the alteration to be made. This was done, and the precedent thus
-formed has been followed by clockmakers ever since.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_52">52.</a> At dinner table: one great grandfather, 2 grandfathers, 1
-grandmother, 3 fathers, 2 mothers, 4 children, 3 grandchildren,
-1 great grandchild, 3 sisters, 1 brother, 2 husbands, 2 wives, 1
-mother-in-law, 1 father-in-law, 2 brothers-in-law, 3 sisters-in-law,
-2 uncles, 3 aunts, 1 nephew, 2 nieces, and 2 cousins. How many persons?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">“Can February March?” he asked.</span>
-<span class="i0">“No, but April May,” was the reply.</span>
-<span class="i0">“Look here, old man, you are out of June.”</span>
-<span class="i0">“Don’t July about it.”</span>
-<span class="i0">“It is not often one gets the better of your August personage.”</span>
-<span class="i0">“Ha! now you have me Noctober.”</span>
-<span class="i0">And then there was work for the coroner.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">PANCAKE DAY.</p>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_031_a.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="116" />
-    <img src="images/i_031_b.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="103" />
-</div>
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0"><a href="#ans_53">53.</a>&emsp;&emsp; On Shrove Tuesday last, I’ll tell you what pass’d</span>
-<span class="i4">In a neighbouring gentleman’s kitchen,</span>
-<span class="i2">Where pancakes were making, with eggs, and with bacon</span>
-<span class="i4">As good as e’er cut off a flitchen.</span>
-<span class="i2">The cook-maid she makes four lusty pancakes</span>
-<span class="i4">For William her favourite gardener,</span>
-<span class="i2">“Pray be quick with that four,” cries Jack, “and make more,</span>
-<span class="i4">For William won’t let me go partner.”</span>
-<span class="i2">Being sparing of lard, the pan’s bottom she marr’d</span>
-<span class="i4">In making the last of Will’s four;</span>
-<span class="i2">So she said, “Pr’ythee, John, run and borrow a pan,</span>
-<span class="i4">Or else I can’t make any more.”</span>
-<span class="i2">Jack soon got a pan, but found by his span</span>
-<span class="i4">That the first was more wide than the latter,</span>
-<span class="i2">This being a foot o’er, whereas that before</span>
-<span class="i4">Was three inches more and a quarter.</span>
-<span class="i2">Jack cries, “Don’t me cozen, but make half a dozen.</span>
-<span class="i4">For the pan is much less than before;”</span>
-<span class="i2">Says Will, “For a crown (and I’ll put the cash down)</span>
-<span class="i4">Your six will be more than my four.”</span>
-<span class="i2">“Tis done,” says brisk Jack, and his crown he did stake,</span>
-<span class="i4">So both of them sent for a gauger;</span>
-<span class="i2">The dimensions he takes, of all their pancakes,</span>
-<span class="i4">To determine this important wager.</span>
-<span class="i2">He found, by his stick, they were equally thick,</span>
-<span class="i4">So one of Will’s cakes he did take,</span>
-<span class="i2">Which he straight cut in twain, twelve one-fifth<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>
-                 the chord line;</span>
-<span class="i4">And gave the less piece unto Jack.</span>
-<span class="i2">“To the best of my skill,” says the gauger, “this will</span>
-<span class="i4">Make both of your shares equal and true;”</span>
-<span class="i2">Will swore that he lied, so, the point to decide,</span>
-<span class="i4">They refer themselves, sirs, unto you;</span>
-<span class="i2">Then pray give your answers, as soon as you can, sirs,</span>
-<span class="i4">For what with their quarrels and jars,</span>
-<span class="i2">We’re afraid of some murder, for no day goes over</span>
-<span class="i4">But they fight, and are cover’d with scars!</span>
-</div></div>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_031_c.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="145" />
-    <img src="images/i_031_d.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="120" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p>
-<a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1">
-<span class="label">[1]</span></a> Inches.</p></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="ws10">A Great Prophet&mdash;100 per cent.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<h2>Interesting Items About the Almanac.</h2>
-
-<p>The reason why February has only 28 days, while the other months have
-30 and 31 is attributable to the vanity of the Emperor Augustus.
-His uncle and predecessor corrected the calendar, arranging the
-year almost as we have it now; he gave to the year 12 months, or
-365¼ days. The months were&mdash;March (the first month), April, May,
-June, Quintilis, Sextiles, September, October, November, December,
-January, and February (the latter being the last month of the year,
-which among the Romans had consisted originally of 10 months). Cæsar
-ordered that the year should begin with January, and divided the
-days among them thus: January, March, May, Quintilis, September,
-and November each had 31 days; April, June, Sextiles, October and
-December had 30 days each; and February (the last month added to the
-year) had 29 days regularly and a 30th day every fourth year. After
-Julius Cæsar’s death, Mark Antony changed the name of Quintilis to
-July as we have it now. Augustus wanted a month for himself, and
-wanted it as long as his uncle’s month, so he took Sextiles for his
-and changed the name to August. Then he took February’s 29th day and
-added it to August, so that it might have 31 days; and, to avoid
-having 3 months of 31 days each in succession, September and November
-were reduced to 30 days, and October and December increased to 31
-days each.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>Previous to the year 1752, the legal year in England commenced on
-the 25th March. In that year it was enacted that the legal year
-should begin on 1st January. The change brought the calendar into
-unison with the actual state of the solar year. It is curious that
-in Scotland the change which made the legal year begin on January
-1st was effected in 1600. For some time after the change in England,
-legal documents contained two dates for the period intervening
-between 1st January and 25th March&mdash;that of the old year and that of
-the new.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>During the time of Oliver Cromwell, Christmas Day was described as a
-superstitious festival, and put down in England by the strong hand of
-the law.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>There has been a superstitious notion that Fools’ Day dated back to
-the time of Noah’s Ark. The dove that was sent forth from the Ark is
-supposed to have returned on April 1st.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="smcap">The Most Remarkable Month</span> was February, 1866. It had no full
-moon. January had two full moons, and so had March, but February had
-none. This had not occurred since the creation of the world, and it
-will not occur again, so scientists tell us.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><i>All Fools’ Day</i> had it’s origin in France, before the time of the
-Reformed Calendar. When the year commenced on March 25th, the French
-frequently paid their New Year’s visits and bestowed their gifts on
-April 1st, as March 25th occurred in Passion Week. After the adoption
-of the new calendar, however, these New Year’s observances took place
-on January 1st, and it was a common thing for people to forget the
-change of date. Pretended presents and mock ceremonial visits became
-common, and the persons thus imposed on were known as April fish,
-<i>i.e.</i>, a mackerel, which, like a fool, is easily caught. Hence,
-All Fools’ Day.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_54">54.</a> Being at the summit of a tower 400 ft. high, I dropped
-a cricket ball from my hand, causing it to alight on a ledge 260 ft. from the
-base, over which it rolled and fell to the earth: supposing that
-1½ seconds were occupied by the rolling of the ball over the
-ledge, how many seconds elapsed from the ball leaving my hand till it
-touched the earth, and what was the acquired velocity at the moment
-of contact?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION.</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_033.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="175" />
-</div>
-<p>In one of our great public schools a master known to successive
-generations of his pupils for fifty years as “old Buggus” delighted
-in surprising his boys with strange sayings and doings. On one
-occasion, desirous of illustrating a question in the arithmetic
-lesson, he said to a boy, “I am a tripe merchant, and this platform
-is my shop. You will come here and buy a pound of tripe. Now, begin.”</p>
-
-<p>“Please, I want a pound of tripe,” said a boy, sauntering up.
-“Where’s your money?” demanded old Buggus, hoping to put the boy out
-of countenance.</p>
-
-<p>“Where’s your tripe?” was the ready retort; but it gained for its
-unfortunate author four hours’ detention on the next holiday.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_55">55.</a> A syphon would empty a cistern in 48 minutes, a tap would fill it
-in 36. How long will it take to fill the cistern when both taps are in action?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="ws10">Born to rule&mdash;a book-keeper.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“MORE HASTE LESS SPEED.”</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_034.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="154" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_56">56.</a> A compositor, hurrying whilst setting up type for an arithmetic
-book&mdash;“How to Become Quick at Figures”&mdash;accidentally dropped the work
-of a problem; unfortunately he mislaid the copy, and all that he
-remembered was that both multiplicand and multiplier consisted of two
-figures. The scattered type represented the following figures:&mdash;1, 2,
-3, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9. With the aid of a pencil and a piece of
-paper the compositor managed after a while to rearrange the figures
-in their proper place. What was the problem?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">PROFITABLE CARELESSNESS.</p>
-
-<p>A very amusing story is told of a harness-maker who lived some years
-ago in London. He had a handsome saddle in his shop, occupying a
-conspicuous position therein. On his return from luncheon one day he
-observed that the saddle was gone. Calling to his foreman, he said:</p>
-
-<p>“John, who has bought the saddle?”</p>
-
-<p>“I’m sure I don’t know, sir,” said the foreman, scratching his head
-as if he were trying to think. “I cannot tell, and the worst part of
-it is, it hasn’t been paid for. While I was at work in the back of
-the shop a gentleman came in, priced it, decided to take it, told
-me to charge it, and throwing it into his trap, drove off, before I
-could think to ask his name.”</p>
-
-<p>“That was very stupid of you,” said the harness-maker, disposed to be
-angry at the man’s carelessness. “Very likely we have been robbed.”</p>
-
-<p>“I don’t think that sir,” said the foreman, “for I’m very sure that
-the gentleman has traded here before.”</p>
-
-<p>“Well, I can’t afford to lose the money,” said the harness-maker.
-“We’ll have to find out who took it and send him the bill. Ah!” he
-added, with a smile, after a moment’s reflection, “I have it. We’ll
-charge it up to the account of every one of our customers who keep
-open accounts here. Those who didn’t get it will refuse to pay, so we
-shall be all right.”</p>
-
-<p>“The book-keeper was instructed to do this, and the bills in due
-course of time went out. Some weeks later the harness-maker asked the
-book-keeper if he had succeeded in discovering who the customer was.</p>
-
-<p>“No, sir,” he replied, “and we never shall, I fear, sir, for about
-40 people have paid for it already without saying a word.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A CYCLE CATCH.</p>
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_035.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="104" />
-</div>
-<p>Tie a cord to the pedal of a bicycle, such pedal to be the one that
-is the nearer to the ground, and, standing behind the back wheel,
-pull the cord, when, strange as it appears, the machine will come
-towards you, although everyone would first imagine that the bicycle
-would move forward. How is this?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>One ought to have dates at one’s finger ends seeing they grow upon
-the palms.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">TO TELL THE SPOTS ON THE<br />BOTTOM CARDS OF SIX HEAPS.</p>
-
-<p>Allow anyone to choose six cards from a full pack. Tell him the
-court cards count 10, and the other cards according to their pips.
-Having made his selection, tell him to lay the chosen cards upon the
-table face downwards, without allowing you to see them, and to place
-upon each as many cards as pips are required to make 12. Whilst he
-is doing so, you should be out of the room or blindfolded. On your
-return he hands you the cards left over, and you have to tell the
-total number of spots on the six bottom cards.</p>
-
-<p>Suppose he had chosen 10, 6, 1, K, 3 and 7, which totals 37, now
-on the 10, he would place two cards to make 12; on the 6, he would
-place 6; and on the 1, 11 would be placed, and so on. On receiving
-the remaining cards from him you pretend to be looking through them
-carefully, but you simply want to know how many he has given you,
-which in the above example would be 11. To this number you add 26,
-which gives 37, the total spots required.</p>
-
-<p>Should there not be enough cards left on hand to complete the six
-heaps, you can ask him how many cards he is short of, and this
-number, subtracted from 25, will give the total. It is better not to
-allow the person to choose six cards right off at the beginning, but
-for him to shuffle and cut the pack as he pleases, and to take the
-cards as they come.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">BOOK-KEEPING COMMANDMENTS.</p>
-
-<p>By <i>Ledger</i> laws, what I receive Is <i>Debtor</i> made to those who
-give. <i>Stock</i> for my debts must Debtor be, and Creditor by Property.
-<i>Profit and Loss</i> accounts are plain, I Debit loss and Credit gain.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_57">57.</a> How far does a man walk while planting a field
-of corn 285 feet square, the rows being 3 ft apart from the fence?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_036.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="175" />
-</div>
-<p class="center">A MATTER OF OPINION.</p>
-<p>A man walks round a pole on the top of which is a monkey. As the man
-moves, the monkey turns on the top of the pole, so as still to keep
-face to face with the man. Now, when the man has gone round the pole,
-has he or has he not gone round the monkey?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">TRY IT.</p>
-
-<p>Take the number 15, multiply it by itself, and you have 225; now
-multiply 225 by itself, then multiply that product by itself, and
-so on until 15 products have been multiplied by themselves in turn.
-The final product called for contains 38,539 figures (the first of
-which is 1412). Allowing three figures to an inch, the answer would
-be over 1070 feet long. To perform the operation would require about
-50,000,000 figures. If they can be made at the rate of 100 a minute,
-a person working 10 hours a day for 300 days in each year would be 28
-years on the job.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">PATHETIC ADVERTISING.</p>
-
-<p>“Died, on the 11th ultimo., at his shop in Fleet-street, Mr. Edward
-Jones much regretted by all who knew and dealt with him. As a man,
-he was amiable; as a hatter, upright and moderate. His virtues were
-beyond all price, and his beaver hats were only £1 4s each. He has
-left a widow to deplore his loss, and a large stock to be sold cheap
-for the benefit of his family. He was snatched to the other world in
-the prime of life, and just as he had concluded an extensive purchase
-of felt, which he got so cheap that the widow can supply hats at
-a more moderate charge than any house in London. His disconsolate
-family will carry on his business with punctuality.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_58">58.</a> In one corner of a hexagonal grass paddock each
-of the sides of which is 40 yards long, a horse is tethered with a rope 50 yards
-long. How many square yards can he graze over?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_59">59.</a> A and B start together from the same point on a
-circular path, and walk till they both arrive together at the starting point.
-If A performs the circuit in 224 seconds and B in 364 seconds, how many
-times do they each walk round?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“IF.”</p>
-
-<p>If you could sell the sea at 1d. per 10,000 gallons, it would bring
-in 155 billion pounds. If you were to try and pump it dry, at the
-rate of 1,000 gallons per second, it would take 12,000 million years.
-There is always an “if” in these things!
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_037.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="197" />
-</div>
-<p class="space-above2"><a href="#ans_60">60.</a> A lady met a gentleman in the street.
-The gentleman said “I think I know you.” The lady said he ought, as his mother was her
-mother’s only daughter. What relation was he?</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above2">A CRICKET “CATCH.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_61">61.</a> In an eleven, when the ninth batsman goes in,
-how many wickets have to fall before all are out?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_62">62.</a> A boat’s crew can row eight miles an hour in still water; what
-is the speed of a river’s current if it takes them 2 hours and 40
-minutes to row 8 miles up and 8 miles down?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">BAD WRITING.</p>
-
-<p>In a well-known firm in Sydney the clerks are presided over by a
-rather impetuous manager, whose violent fits of temper very often
-dominate his reason. For instance, the other day he was wiring into
-one of them about his bad work.</p>
-
-<p>“Look here, Jones,” he thundered, “this won’t do. These figures are a
-perfect disgrace to a clerk! I could get an office boy to make better
-figures than those, and I tell you I won’t have it! Now, look at that
-five, it looks just like a three. What do you mean, sir, by making
-such beastly figures? Explain!”</p>
-
-<p>“I&mdash;er beg your pardon, sir,” suggested the trembling clerk, his
-heart fluttering terribly, “but&mdash;er well, you see, sir, it is three.”</p>
-
-<p>“A three?” roared the manager; “why, it looks just like a five!”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_63">63.</a> Write 24 with three equal figures, neither of them being 8.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE WRONG COLUMN.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_64">64.</a> A clerk, while posting from day book to ledger, transposed an
-amount by placing the pence in the shilling column and the shillings
-in the pence column, thereby causing an error of 9s. 2d. With what
-amount could he make such a mistake?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">EDUCATIONAL VAGARIES.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Extracts from Reports of Country Provisional Schools.</i></p>
-
-<p>School No. 1: On roll, 1 boy,&nbsp; 1 girl; &nbsp;&nbsp;total, 2. Average attendance,
-&nbsp;0·6 boy, 0·6 girl; &nbsp;&nbsp;total, 1·2.</p>
-
-<p>School No. 2: On roll, 2 boys, 2 girls; &nbsp;total 4. Average attendance,
-1·6 boys, 1·3 girls; total, 2·9.</p>
-
-<p>School No. 3: On roll, 2 boys, no girls. <span class="ws6">Average attendance, 0·8 boys.</span></p>
-
-<p>By the above we see the public are paying for a teacher to provide
-education for eight-tenths of a boy!</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_65">65.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">Three-fourths of a cross, and a circle complete,</span>
-<span class="i0">Two semi-circles at a perpendicular meet;</span>
-<span class="i0">Next add a triangle which stands on two feet,</span>
-<span class="i0">Two semi-circles and a circle complete.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A DISPUTE.</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_038.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="130" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_66">66.</a> Two men have an equal interest in a grindstone,
-which is 5 ft. 6 in. in diameter. The centre of the stone, to the extent of a
-diameter of 18 in., is useless, and not to be taken into account.</p>
-
-<p>Required to find the depth to which the first partner may be allowed
-to grind away from the stone in order to leave an equal share of the
-stone to the second partner.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">BANK NOTE VERSE.</p>
-
-<p>On the backs of bank notes one sometimes meets with strange
-and peculiar sentiments. “Go, poor devil, get thee gone,” is the
-kind of parting salutation most in favour; but the following is chiefly
-notable as a rare instance of the bank-note rhymester parting with
-his money in a Christian spirit:</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">Farewell, my note, and wheresoe’er ye wend,</span>
-<span class="i0">Shun gaudy scenes, and be the poor man’s friend;</span>
-<span class="i0">You’ve left a poor one&mdash;go to one as poor;</span>
-<span class="i0">And drive despair and hunger from his door.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>An Irish merchant, who felt annoyed at a complaining letter he
-received from a customer, wrote back:&mdash;“We decline to acknowledge the
-receipt of yours of the 15th.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>If to-day is the to-morrow of yesterday, is to-day the yesterday of to-morrow?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_039.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="167" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_67">67.</a> Suppose that four poor men build their houses around a
-pond, and that afterwards four evil-disposed rich men build houses at the back
-of the poor people&mdash;as shown in illustration&mdash;and wish to have a
-monopoly of the water: how can they erect a fence so as to shut the
-poor people off from the pond?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="f150"><b>SOME TRADE SIGNS AND MOTTOES.</b></p>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Many curious inscriptions are to be found displayed on shop windows,
-office doors, etc.</p>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Here are a few:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>A Pawnbroker.&mdash;“Mine is a business of the greatest interest.”</p>
-
-<p>A Flourishing Bootmaker.&mdash;“Don’t you wish you were in my shoes?”</p>
-
-<p>A Publican.&mdash;“Good beer sold here, but don’t take my word for it.”</p>
-
-<p>A Hairdresser.&mdash;“Two heads are better than one.”</p>
-
-<p>A Carter.&mdash;“Excelsior&mdash;hire and hire.”</p>
-
-<p>A Baker.&mdash;“The staff of life I do supply, by it you live and so must I.”</p>
-
-<p>A Butcher.&mdash;“We kill to dress, not dress to kill.”</p>
-
-<p>A Builder.&mdash;“I send innocent men to the ‘scaffold.’”</p>
-
-<p>A Clerk.&mdash;“I possess more pens than pounds.”</p>
-
-<p>A Dentist.&mdash;“I look ‘down in the mouth’ and am happy.”</p>
-
-<p>A Doctor.&mdash;“I take pains to remove pains.”</p>
-
-<p>A Hatter.&mdash;“I shelter ‘the heir apparent’ and protect ‘the crown.’“</p>
-
-<p>A Photographer.&mdash;“Mine is a developing business and mounting rapidly.”</p>
-
-<p>A Solicitor.&mdash;“I study the law&mdash;and the profits.”</p>
-
-<p>An Undertaker.&mdash;“No complaints from our customers.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">RIVAL BUTCHERS.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">T. Jones.</span>&mdash;“Sausages, 3d. per lb.&mdash;to pay more is to be
-robbed.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">J. Smith.</span>&mdash;“Sausages, 4d. per lb.&mdash;to pay less is to be
-poisoned.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>A French confectioner, proud of his English, and wishing to let his
-customers know that their wants would be attended to without delay,
-put out the notice, “Short weights here.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>A shopkeeper in the old country had printed under his name “The
-little rascal.” When asked the meaning of this strange sign, he
-replied, “It distinguishes me from the rest of my trade, who are all
-great rascals.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>On an Office Door.&mdash;“Shut this door, and as soon as you have done
-talking on business, serve your mouth the same way.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“SHE.”</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_040.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="203" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_68">68.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">A country spark addressed a charming “she,”</span>
-<span class="i0">In whom all lovely features did agree;</span>
-<span class="i0">But being void of numbers, as doth show,</span>
-<span class="i0">Desirous was the lady’s age to know.</span>
-<span class="i0">“My age is such that if multiplied by three,</span>
-<span class="i0">Two-sevenths of the product triple be:</span>
-<span class="i0">The square root of two-ninths of that is four;&mdash;</span>
-<span class="i0">Tell me my age or never see me more.”</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">RUNNING SHORT.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_69">69.</a> A vessel on a 3 months’ trip has provisions for 4
-months, but the stores are served out as if the voyage had to be completed in 3
-months. At the end of 2 months, it is discovered that the voyage will
-take 3½ months. To what proportion must the rations be reduced for
-the remaining time?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>In a certain town in the North of Queensland, a class of young
-men was formed to receive lessons in short methods of business
-arithmetic. The teacher was endeavouring to knock into the head of
-a young man that the cost of a dozen articles is the same number of
-shillings that a single article costs in pence. To illustrate the
-rule, he gave the following example:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“If I buy 1 dozen apples at 1d each, then the dozen will cost 1
-shilling; and if I buy 1 dozen oranges at 2 pence each, the dozen
-will cost 2 shillings. Now, supposing I buy 1 dozen at 3 pence each,
-how much will the dozen cost?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Young Man</span>
-(after two minutes’ reflection)&mdash;“Are they apples or oranges?”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A DRAUGHTS PUZZLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_70">70.</a> Ten draughtsmen are placed in a row. The puzzle is to
-lift one up and passing over two at a time (neither more nor less) to place it on
-the top, or to “crown” the next one, continuing in this fashion until
-all are crowned. In passing over a piece already crowned, it is to be
-reckoned as two pieces.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_71">71.</a> In the centre of a pond 20 feet square there is a
-small island, on which is growing a tree. Two boys notice there is a bird’s nest
-on the top of the tree, but the difficulty is to reach the island,
-as they have 2 short planks that only measure 8 feet each. After a
-little while they hit on an ingenious plan, and, without nailing the
-planks together, manage to place them so they can reach the tree in
-safety. How did they do it?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="smcap">Teacher</span>&mdash;“Now, I want all the children
-to look at Tommy’s hands, and see how clean they are, and see if all of
-you cannot come to school with cleaner hands. Tommy, perhaps, will tell
-us how he keeps them so nice?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Tommy</span>&mdash;“Yes ’m; mother makes me
-wash the breakfast things every morning.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">BRAIN-BEWILDERERS.</p>
-
-<p>An amusing periodical got up by the boys of a certain college gives a
-capital skit on the style of examination-papers frequently presented
-for the torture of pupils. Here are a few examples:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>Supposing the River Murray to be three cubits in breadth&mdash;which
-it isn’t&mdash;what is the average height of the Alps, stocks being at
-nineteen and a-half?</p>
-
-<p>If in autumn apples cost fourpence per pound in Melbourne, and
-potatoes a shilling a score in spring, when will greengages be sold
-in Brisbane at three-halfpence each, Sydney oranges being at a
-discount of five per cent.?</p>
-
-<p>If two men can kill twelve kangaroos in going up the right side of a
-rectangular turnip-field, how many would be killed by five men and a
-terrier pup in going down the other side?</p>
-
-<p>If a milkmaid four feet ten inches in height, while sitting on a
-three-legged stool, took four pints of milk out of every fifteen
-cows, what was the size of the field in which the animals grazed, and
-what was the girl’s name, age, and the occupation of her grandfather?</p>
-
-<p>If thirty thousand millions of human beings have lived since the
-beginning of the world, how many may we safely say will die before
-the end of it? N.B.&mdash;This example to be worked out by simple
-subtraction, algebra, and the rule of three. Compare results.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_72">72.</a> Find two numbers in the proportion of 9 to 7 such
-as the square of their sum shall be equal to the cube of their difference.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<h2>ARITHMETICAL THOUGHT READING.</h2>
-
-<p>A great deal of fun can be derived from puzzles of this nature&mdash;they
-are endless in variety&mdash;and as they depend upon some principle in
-arithmetic should be easily remembered.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="8">Example 1.&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Think of a number, say</td>
-        <td class="tdr">5</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Double it</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Add 5</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Add 12</td> <td class="tdr">27</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Take away 3</td> <td class="tdr">24</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Halve it</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Take away number first thought of&mdash;5&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">The answer will <i>always</i> be</td> <td class="tdr">7</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="6">Example 2.&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Think of a number, say</td>
-        <td class="tdr">8</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Square it</td> <td class="tdr">64</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Subtract the square of the number which is&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&emsp;1 less than the number thought of&mdash;that</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&emsp;is 7&mdash;whose square is 49&mdash;leaves</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Add 1</td> <td class="tdr">16</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-<p>When this last number is told, halve it, and you will arrive at
-the original number&mdash;8.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="5">Example 3.&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Think of a number, say</td>
-        <td class="tdr">9</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Multiply by 3</td> <td class="tdr">27</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Add 2</td> <td class="tdr">29</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Multiply by 3</td> <td class="tdr">87</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Add 2 more than the number thought of (11)&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">98</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>The number of <i>tens</i> in the last answer gives the number thought
-of, viz., 9.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="7">Example 4.&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Think of a number, say</td>
-        <td class="tdr">7</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Multiply by 3</td> <td class="tdr">21</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">[If product be odd] add 1&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">22</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Halve it</td> <td class="tdr">11</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Multiply by 3</td> <td class="tdr">33</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">[If product be odd] add 1</td> <td class="tdr">34</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Halve it</td> <td class="tdr">17</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Ask how many 9’s are in the remainder, when, of course, the reply
-will be 1.</p>
-
-<p>The secret is to bear in mind whether the first sum be odd or even.
-If odd first time, retain 1 in the memory; if odd a second time, 2
-more, making 3; to which add 4 for every 9 contained in the remainder.</p>
-
-<p>In the above example, there being only one 9 in 17, this gives us 4,
-which added to 3 produces the number thought of&mdash;7. When even
-simply add 4 for every 9 in remainder.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">HOW TO TELL THE AGE OF A PERSON.</p>
-
-<p>Tell a person to write down the figure which represents the day of
-the week on which he was born;&mdash;thus, 1 for Sunday, 2 for Monday, and
-so on; next, the figure for the month&mdash;1 for January, 2 for February,
-&amp;c.; then the date of the month; now tell him to multiply the number
-thus formed by 2, add 5, multiply by 50, and then to add his age, and
-from this sum to subtract 365; now you ask him for the remainder, to
-which you <i>secretly</i> add 115.</p>
-
-<p>The result will be:&mdash;The first figure, the day of the week; the next,
-the month in the year; the next, the date of the month; and the last,
-the age in years.</p>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Example:</p>
-<p>A person was born on Wednesday, 11th June, 1863.</p>
-<p>
-<span class="ws3">Write 4, as Wednesday is 4th day of the week.</span><br />
-<span class="ws8">"&emsp;&nbsp;6, as June is 6th month of year.</span><br />
-<span class="ws8">"&nbsp; &nbsp;11, as that is the date given, 11th June.</span></p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="13">The figures then are&mdash;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">4611</td>
-        <td class="tdl_bott" rowspan="8">&nbsp;Age</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">2</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">9222</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">5</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">9227</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">50</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">461350</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">35</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">461385</td> <td class="tdl_bott" rowspan="5">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">365</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">461020</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">115</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">4-6-11-35</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A GOOD FIGURE TRICK.</p>
-
-<p>Tell a person to set down a sum of money less than £12, in which
-the pounds exceed the pence; next to reverse this amount, making
-pence pounds, etc., and to subtract the one from the other, then
-set beneath the result itself reversed, adding the last two lines
-together, when you will tell him the result, which will <i>always</i>
-be £12 18s. 11d.</p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr_top" rowspan="5">Example:&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">£10 &nbsp;8 &nbsp;&nbsp;7</td>
-   </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">7 &nbsp;&nbsp;8 10</td>
-   </tr><tr> <td class="tdr over">&nbsp;2 19 &nbsp;&nbsp;9</td>
-   </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">9 19 &nbsp;&nbsp;2</td>
-   </tr><tr> <td class="tdr over">£12 18 11</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
-If the performer be blindfolded the trick looks very mystifying;
-he should not, however, repeat it, for many would soon discover
-the secret, but as the peculiarity is not confined to money, other
-illustrations can be given if required&mdash;for instance&mdash;if a number of
-yds., ft. and inches (less than 12 yds.) be operated on, the final
-answer will always be 12 yds. 1 ft. 11 inches; and if a number of
-cwts., qrs. and lbs. (less than 28 cwts.) be chosen, the answer will
-always be 28 cwts. 2 qrs. 27 lbs.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="f120"><b>“Girls” and “Boys.”</b></p>
-
-<p>At a school examination, the inspector set the girls to write an
-essay on “Boys” and the boys to write one on “Girls.”</p>
-
-<p>The following was handed in by a girl of 12:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“The boy is not an animal, yet they can be heard to a considerable
-distance. When a boy hollers he opens his big mouth like frogs, but
-girls hold their tongues till they are spoken to, and then they
-answer respectable, and tell just how it was. A boy thinks himself
-clever because he can wade where it is deep, but God made the dry
-land for every living thing, and rested on the seventh day. When the
-boy grows up he is called a husband, and then he stops wading and
-stays out at nights, but the grew up girl is a widow and keeps house.”</p>
-
-<p>One of the boys sent in:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“Girls are very stuck up and dignified in their manners and
-behaveyour. They make fun of boys, and then turn round and love them.
-Girls are the only people that have their own way every time. Girls
-is of several thousand kinds, and sometimes one girl can be like
-several 1000 girls if she wants anything. I don’t beleive they ever
-killed a cat or anything. They look out every nite and say, “Oh,
-ain’t the moon lovely!” Thir is one thing I have not told, and that
-is they always now their lessons bettern boys. This is all I now
-about girls, and father says the less I now the better for me.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_73">73.</a> The sum of the squares of two consecutive
-numbers is 1105. What are the numbers?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A PROBLEM FOR PLUMBERS.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_74">74.</a> A requires a tank in size capable of holding the
-quantity of water that would be caught from the roof of his house in a fall of
-3 inches of rain. The roof (commonly called a “hip-roof”) is at an
-angle of 45 degrees to the wall plates. The length of house is 30 ft.,
-breadth 24 ft., and length of ridge to roof 6 ft. But the eaves of
-the iron used for the roofing were so large as to increase its (the
-roof’s) dimensions by 3 inches all round, and the spouting added
-another 3 inches all round. Find the number of gallons the tank would
-require to contain; also dimensions of tank to be made so that its
-height must exceed its diameter by no more than 12 inches?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>“The ’embers of a dying year”&mdash;November, December.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">TO TELL THE COMPASS BY A WATCH.</p>
-
-<p>Hold the watch face-downwards above your head with the hour hand
-pointing towards the sun, and half-way between the hour hand and the
-figure XII will be the North.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_75">75.</a> Divide 100 into two parts, so that a quarter
-of one exceeds one-third of the other by 11.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">STRANGE BUT TRUE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_76">76.</a> Two persons were born at the same place at the same
-moment of time; after an age of 50 years they both died also at the same place
-and at the same instant, yet one had lived 100 days more than the
-other. How was this remarkable event achieved?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">ASTRONOMICAL.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_77">77.</a> The planet Jupiter is five times further from the sun
-than our earth, and 1331 times larger. Assuming that the diameter of the earth
-is 7912 miles, find Jupiter’s diameter, circumference and area.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">AN UNSOLVED PROBLEM.</p>
-
-<p>One of the commercial questions of the day which remains to this time
-unsettled, is whether the fact of a gentleman having NO TIN may not
-have something to do with the answer he invariably sends of NOT IN
-when anyone calls on him with a bill.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_78">78.</a> Find nine numbers in arithmetical progression&mdash;common
-difference 3&mdash;whose sum is equal to 5670, and arrange in a square, each side
-containing three different numbers, so that, when added vertically,
-horizontally or diagonally, the sum of each three numbers will amount to 1890.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_045.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="188" />
-</div>
-
-<p><br /><br /><a href="#ans_79">79.</a> I have a box. The pieces forming the sides
-are 5 ft long, and those forming the ends are 4 ft. broad. The box, when measured
-externally all round, measures 18 ft 4 in., and when measured all round
-internally, measures 17 ft 8 in. How can this be?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>Teacher: “Who was it that supported the world on his shoulders?”
-Bright Pupil: “It was Atlas, ma’am.” Teacher: “And who supported
-Atlas?” Bright Pupil: “The book don’t say, but I s’pose it was his wife.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">ON BOTH SIDES OF A DOOR<br />IN A MELBOURNE OFFICE.</p>
-
-<p class="f90 space-above2">THE MAN WHO FORGETS THE DOOR.</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Oh, there’s an individual who ev’rywhere abounds,</span>
-<span class="i0">Thro’ trains and shops and offices he makes his busy rounds,</span>
-<span class="i0">And in and out for ever he is going o’er and o’er,</span>
-<span class="i0">To keep somebody after him attending to the door!</span>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">In sultry summer, when to catch a cooling breeze we’ve tried,</span>
-<span class="i0">And carefully have opened every door and window wide,</span>
-<span class="i0">’Tis then you may be certain as he vanishes from sight,</span>
-<span class="i0">He’ll die but that he’ll shut the door&mdash;and close it very tight!</span>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">But when the winds of winter come, with cold and biting breath,</span>
-<span class="i0">Oh, then it is the awful wretch is tickled ’most to death!</span>
-<span class="i0">His sense of pleasure reaches to a point that is sublime;</span>
-<span class="i0">He never fails to leave the door wide open every time!</span>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_80">80.</a> A man agrees to work for £8 a year and a suit of clothes.
-He left at the end of seven months, and received £2 13s. 4d. and his clothes.
-What is the value of the suit?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_81">81.</a> A bought four horses for £120. For the second he
-gave £3 more than for the first, for the third £2 more than for the second, and
-for the fourth £6 more than the third. Find price of each.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_046.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="82" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_82">82.</a> With eight pieces of card of the shape of figure A,
-four of figure B and four of figure C, and of proportionate sizes, form a
-perfect square.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_83">83.</a> Place four 5’s so that they shall express 6½.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“SHE” AGAIN.</p>
-<p><a href="#ans_84">84.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">The country spark that asked the charming “she”</span>
-<span class="i0">How many years of age that she might be,</span>
-<span class="i0">Again asked her to tell to him in haste</span>
-<span class="i0">How many inches she was round the waist.</span>
-<span class="i0">“My waist is such if multiplied by four,</span>
-<span class="i0">Four-fifths of product add on my age more,</span>
-<span class="i0">The square root of three-fifths of this is six:</span>
-<span class="i0">Now find my waist, and get out of this fix.”</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">SOME LONG WORDS.</p>
-
-<p>The eight longest words in the language are philoprogenitiveness,
-incomprehensibleness, disproportionableness, transubstantiationalist,
-suticonstitutionalist, honourifibilitudinity, velocipedestrianistical,
-and proautionsubstantionist. The last four are not found in the best
-dictionaries, but that most hideous word,
-“Dacryocystosyringokatakleisis,” is in some of the new lexicons.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">HIS OWN GRANDFATHER.</p>
-
-<p>The complication of relationship brought about by marriage is the
-cause of many a family squabble, but it is seldom one hears of fatal
-results attending such matters. According to an American newspaper,
-a resident of Pennsylvania committed suicide a few days ago from a
-melancholy conviction that he was his own grandfather.</p>
-
-<p>The following is a copy of a singular letter he left:&mdash;“I married a
-widow who had a grown-up daughter. My father visited our house very
-often, fell in love with my step-daughter, and married her. So my
-father became my son-in-law and my step-daughter my mother, because
-she was my father’s wife. Some time afterwards my wife had a son; he
-was my father’s brother-in-law and my uncle, for he was the brother
-of my step-mother. My father’s wife&mdash;<i>i.e.</i>, my step-daughter&mdash;had
-also a son; he was, of course, my brother, and in the meantime
-my grandchild, for he was the son of my daughter. My wife was my
-grandmother, because she was my mother’s mother. I was my wife’s
-husband and grandchild at the same time. And as the husband of a
-person’s grandmother is his grandfather, I was my own grandfather.”
-Thus he died, a martyr to his own existence.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_047.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="210" />
-</div>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_85">85.</a> If 100 stones are placed on the ground, in a straight
-line, at the distance of 1 yard from each other, how far will a person travel
-who will bring them all, one by one, to a basket placed one yard from
-the first stone?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>A little boy, writing a composition on the zebra, was requested to
-describe the animal and to mention what it was useful for. After deep
-reflection, he wrote:&mdash;“The zebra is like a horse, only striped. It
-is chiefly useful to illustrate the letter Z.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_86">86.</a> I bought a horse and sold him again at 5 per cent.
-on my purchase; now, if I had given 5 per cent. less for the horse, and
-sold him for 1s. less, I would have gained 10 per cent. What was the
-original cost?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_87">87.</a> Find three numbers such that the first with half of
-the other two, the second with one-third of the other two, and the third with
-one-fourth of the other two, shall be equal to 34?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class = "center">THE FAMOUS &nbsp;“45”&nbsp; PUZZLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_88">88.</a> Take 45 from 45, and leave 45 as a remainder.
-There are at least two ways of doing this.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_89">89.</a> How can 45 be divided into 4 such parts that if you
-add 2 to the first part, subtract 2 from the second part, multiply the third part
-by 2, and divide the fourth part by 2, the sum of the addition, the
-remainder of the subtraction, the product of the multiplication, and
-the quotient of the division are equal?</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_90">90.</a> The square of 45 is 2025, if we halve this we get
-<sup>20</sup>&frasl;<sub>25</sub> and 20 plus 25 equals 45. Find two other numbers
-of four figures that produce the same peculiarity.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_91">91.</a> A mother of a family being asked how many children
-she had, replied: “The joint ages of my husband and myself are at present six
-times the united ages of our children; two years ago their united
-ages were ten times less than ours, and in six years hence our joint
-ages will be three times theirs.” How many children had she?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">WHERE THE CREEDS AGREE.</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_048.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="184" />
-</div>
-<p>The Mahometans, Christians and Jews, with different creeds, are all
-striving to reach the same place&mdash;Heaven. Now, we will endeavour to
-show, by figures, that it is possible for them all to accomplish
-their purpose.</p>
-
-<p>The figures 4, 5, 6, at the angles of the large triangle, represent
-respectively the above mentioned sects. They are very distant from
-each other, but we will induce them to meet half-way. Thus, the
-Mahometans and Jews meet at 10, the Mahometans and Christians at 9,
-and the Jews and Christians at 11; and by joining these totals to
-the opposite numbers we see they all meet at last in Heaven (15).
-It should be mentioned that any numbers whatever may be used to
-represent the sects, but the result will always be the same.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“SHE” ONCE MORE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_92">92.</a> The country spark again addressed the charming “she.”
-This time he wished to know her height. She replied, “My height (in inches) if
-divided by the product of its digits, gives as quotient 2, and the
-digits are inverted by adding 27.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>“You have a bright look, my boy,” said the visitor at the school.
-“Yes, sir,” replied the candid youth; “that’s because I forgot to
-rinse the soap off my face this morning.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">HIS LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT.</p>
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_049.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="144" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_93">93.</a> A father on his death-bed gave orders in his will
-that if his wife, who was then pregnant, brought forth a son, he should inherit
-two-thirds of his property, and the mother the remainder; but if she
-brought forth a daughter the latter should have only one-third, and
-the mother two-thirds. The widow, however, was delivered of twins,&mdash;a
-boy and a girl. What share ought each to have of the property left
-by the father, who had his life insured in the Australian Mutual
-Provident Society for £7,000.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_94">94.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">Money lent at 6 per cent</span>
-<span class="i0">To those who choose to borrow;</span>
-<span class="i0">How long before I’m worth a pound</span>
-<span class="i0">If I lend a crown to-morrow?</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A KEEN EYE TO BUSINESS.</p>
-
-<p>Upon the death of the senior partner of an Australian firm a notice
-of the sad event was sent to, amongst others, a German lithographic
-establishment. The clerk in this German house, who was instructed to
-answer the communication, wrote the following letter of condolence:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“We are greatly pained to hear of the loss sustained by your firm,
-and extend to you our heartiest sympathy. We notice the circular you
-sent us announcing Mr. S&mdash;&mdash;’s death is lithographed by Messrs.&mdash;&mdash;.
-We regret that you did not see your way to let us estimate for the
-printing of the same. The next time there is a bereavement in your
-house we will be glad to quote you for the lithographic circulars,
-and are confident that we can give you better work at less cost
-than anybody else in the business. Trusting that we may soon have
-an opportunity of quoting you our prices, we remain, with profound
-sympathy, yours truly,&mdash;&mdash;.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>An American journal, describing a new counterfeit bank-note, says the
-vignette is “cattle and hogs, with a church far in the distance”&mdash;a
-good illustration of the world.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_050_a.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="98" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_95">95.</a> On a square piece of paper mark 12 circles as shown
-in diagram. The puzzle is to divide the figure into four pieces of equal size,
-each piece to be of the same shape, and to contain three circles,
-without getting into any of them.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE ORIGIN OF THE “STONE.”</p>
-
-<p>Measurement of weight by the “stone” arose from the old custom
-farmers had of weighing wool with a stone. Every farmer kept a large
-stone at his farm for this purpose. When a dealer came along he
-balanced a plank on top of a wall, and put the stone on one end of it
-and the bags of wool on the other, until the weights were equal. At
-first the stones were of all sorts and sizes and weights, with the
-result that dealers who wished to make a living had to be remarkably
-knowing in their estimates of them. The many inconveniences involved
-by this inequality resulted in all stones being made of a uniform
-weight as far as wool was concerned. The weight of a stone of
-potatoes, meat, glass, cheese, &amp;c., all differ.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>A little boy was reading in his Scottish history an account of the
-battle of Bannockburn. He read as follows: “And when the English army
-saw the new army on the hill behind, their spirits became damped.”</p>
-
-<p>The teacher asked him what was meant by “damping their spirits,” and
-the boy, not comprehending the meaning, simply answered, “Putting
-water in their whisky.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THUNDER AND LIGHTNING CALCULATION.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_96">96.</a> Between the earth and a thundercloud there are four
-currents of air, having a temperature of 87, 57, 47, and 37 degrees respectively.
-The first current is half the depth of the second, the second half
-the third, and the third half the fourth. If a peal of thunder is
-heard 2-3251/4256 seconds after the lightning flash, find the depth
-of the fourth current and the time occupied by the sound in passing
-through it.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_050_b.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="112" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_97">97.</a></p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">First cut out, with a pen-knife, in paste-board or card,</span>
-<span class="i2">The designs numbered 1, 2 and 3,</span>
-<span class="i0">Four of each; after which, as the puzzle is hard,</span>
-<span class="i2">You had better be guided by me</span>
-<span class="i0">To a certain extent; for, in fixing, take care</span>
-<span class="i2">That each portion is fitted in tight,</span>
-<span class="i0">Or they will not produce such a neat little square</span>
-<span class="i2">As they otherwise would if done right.</span>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">QUITE PROPER.</p>
-
-<p>“What is a propaganda,” inquired the teacher. The boy looked at the
-ceiling, wrinkled his forehead, wrestled with the question a minute
-or two, and then answered that it was the brother of a proper goose.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">DECEMBER AND MAY.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_98">98.</a> An old man married a young woman; their united
-ages amounted to 100; the man’s age, multiplied by 4 and divided by 9 gives the
-woman’s age. What were their respective ages?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_99">99.</a> A and B set out on a walking expedition at the same
-time&mdash;A from Melbourne to Geelong, and B from Geelong to Melbourne. On reaching
-Geelong A immediately starts again for Melbourne. Now, A arrives at
-Geelong four hours after meeting B, but he reaches Melbourne three
-hours after their second meeting. In what time did each perform the
-journey?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_100">100.</a> What two numbers are those of which the square of
-the first plus the second equals 11, and the square of the second plus the first
-equals 7?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>A schoolmaster, describing a money-lender, says, “He serves you in
-the present tense, he lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in
-the subjunctive mood, and ruins you in the future.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_101">101.</a> “How much money have I,” says a father to his
-son. Son replied, “They don’t teach prophecy at our school.” “Well, they
-teach arithmetic, I suppose,” rejoined the father, smartly; “if you
-multiply one-half, one-third, one-fourth, one-sixth, three-quarters,
-and two-thirds of my money together, the product will be 10368. Now
-find out how many pence I have.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_102">102.</a> A person has 1260 quarters of wheat. He sells
-one-fifth at a gain of 5 per cent., one-third at a gain of 8 per cent., and the
-remainder at a gain of 12 per cent. Had he sold the whole at a gain
-of 10 per cent. he would have made £23 2s. more than he did. Find the
-cost price of one quarter.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_103">103.</a> Is the word “with” ever used as a noun?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE GREAT PUZZLE OF THE CENTURY.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_104">104.</a> Place the nine digits (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
-together in such a manner that they will make 100.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_105">105.</a> Also make 100 by using the cipher in addition to the digits.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_106">106.</a> How far apart should the knots of a log-line
-be to indicate every half-minute, a speed of one mile per hour?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_107">107.</a> Several persons are bound to pay the expenses of
-a law process, which amount to £800, but three of them being insolvent, the rest
-have £60 each to pay additional. How many persons were concerned?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_108">108.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">If five times four are thirty-three,</span>
-<span class="i0">What will the fourth of twenty be?</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_109">109.</a> A locomotive with a truck is travelling over a straight
-level line at the rate of 60 miles an hour. A man standing at the extreme
-rear of the truck casts a small stone into the air in a perpendicular
-direction. The stone travels upward at an average rate of 30 feet per
-second for 3 seconds; the height of the man’s hand from ground when
-the stone leaves is 15 feet. At what distance behind the train will
-the stone strike the ground in its descent?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b>A Tombstone in an English Cemetery.</b></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_052.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="369" />
-</div>
-<p>Many quaint and puzzling epitaphs are often to be seen engraved
-on several of the tombstones in some of the old cemeteries at
-Home. The adjoining illustration represents a tombstone in the old
-burial-ground of London&mdash;Kensal Green. It might “liven” up the reader
-to discover the scheme of kindred as given in the inscription.</p>
-
-<p class="center">SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF<br /><br />
-TWO GRANDMOTHERS WITH THEIR TWO GRANDDAUGHTERS;<br />
-TWO HUSBANDS WITH THEIR TWO WIVES;<br />
-TWO FATHERS WITH THEIR TWO DAUGHTERS;<br />
-TWO MOTHERS WITH THEIR TWO SONS;<br />
-TWO MAIDENS WITH THEIR TWO MOTHERS;<br />
-TWO SISTERS WITH THEIR TWO BROTHERS<br />
-YET, BUT SIX CORPSES IN ALL LIE BURIED HERE&mdash;<br />
-ALL BORN LEGITIMATE FROM ERROR CLEAR.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">EASILY ANSWERED.</p>
-
-<p>“Johnny,” said his teacher, “if your father can do a piece of work in
-seven days, and your uncle George can do it in nine days, how long
-would it take both of them to do it?”</p>
-
-<p>“They’d never get it done,” said Johnny; “they’d sit down and tell
-snake-yarns.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_110">110.</a> A well is to be sunk by 12 men, in groups of 4 each,
-in 12 days. The groups work in the ratio of 6, 7, and 8; when half the task is
-done rain sets in and prevents them working for 2 days, in which time
-one man of the first, 2 of the second, and 3 of the third group go
-away, leaving the remainder to finish the job. What extra time did they work?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“TAKE CARE OF THE PENCE, &amp;c.”</p>
-
-<p>One of the most startling calculations is the following:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>A penny at 5 per cent. compound interest from <span class="smcap">a.d.</span>
-1 to 1890 would amount to £10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
-<i>i.e.</i>, Ten Sextillions of pounds, or more money than could be
-contained in One Thousand Millions of Globes each equal to the Earth
-in magnitude, and all of solid gold.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_111">111.</a> On a flagstaff consisting of an upright pole (6 feet
-of which is underground) is a cross-yard 24 feet long; the latter is fixed at a
-distance of one-third of the length of the visible part of the pole
-from the top; passing from the top of the pole to the ends of the
-yard are ropes, forming stays whose falls or ends reach to the ground
-on either side of the pole, and it is found that these falls just
-reach the base of the pole. The total length of rope in the aforesaid
-stays is 40 feet. Supposing that the top diameter of the pole is
-one-third of that at the extreme base, and that the whole length of
-rope used is 54,177 times the base diameter of the pole, what would
-the pole cost at 1 penny per 100 cubic inches?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="smcap">Teacher</span>&mdash;“Your writing is fairly good, but how do you account
-for making so many mistakes in your spelling?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Scholar</span>&mdash;“Please, ma’am, I had chilblains on my hand?”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_112">112.</a> Put down 4 marks <big>( <b>| | | |</b> )</big>,
-and then require a person to put 5 more marks and make 10.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“KEEP YOUR HAIR ON.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_113">113.</a> Supposing there are more persons in the world than
-anyone has hairs on his head, there must be at least two persons who have
-the same number of hairs on the head to a hair. Explain this.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_114">114.</a> Show what is wrong in the following:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>8-8 = 2-2, dividing both these equals by 2-2 the result
-must be equal; 8-8 divided by 2-2 = 4, and 2-2 divided by
-2-2 = 1, therefore, since the quotients of equals divided by
-equals must be equal, 4 must be equal to 1.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“GLAD TIDINGS.”</p>
-
-<p>Many will be surprised to hear that there is Scriptural authority
-for advertising. Advertising not only has Scriptural authority,
-but it is of very respectable antiquity as well. If you will look
-in Numbers XXIV., 14, you will find Balaam saying “Come now, and I
-will advertise,” and Boaz says in Ruth IV., 4, “And I thought to advertise.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<h2>OPTICAL ILLUSIONS.</h2>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_054_a.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="129" />
-</div>
-<p>Illusions of the Eye are numberless, and afford a wide field for
-experiment. Some people are left-eyed, others right-eyed, and very
-few use both eyes equally. It is impossible to tell how far they
-really do deceive us unless they have been tested in the proper
-manner. For instance, if you ask anyone to what height a bell-topper
-would reach if placed on the floor against the wall, nine times out
-of ten the height guessed will be half as much again as the real
-height of the hat. Everyone seems to <i>over</i>-estimate the proper height.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_054_b.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="164" />
-</div>
-<p>Another favourite illusion is to ask a person to mark on the wall a
-height from the floor which would represent the length of a horse’s
-head: here the majority guess far too little&mdash;for a horse’s head is
-much longer than most people imagine, ranging from 25 to 34 inches.
-In a recent experiment 5 persons out of 6 <i>under</i>-estimated the
-proper height.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_054_c.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="87" />
-</div>
-<p>Here are two triangles. Which is the one whose centre is the better
-indicated? (It looks like A, but it is B).</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_054_d.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="115" />
-</div>
-<p>Again: Out of the two straight lines C and D which is the longer? (By
-measurement we see they are both the same).</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_054_e.jpg" alt="_" width="250" height="154" />
-</div>
-<p>Guess, by eye-measurement only, the longest and shortest of the three
-lines marked A A, B B, and C C. When you have done guessing measure,
-and see how much you are out.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_055_a.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="329" />
-</div>
-<p><br /><br />Which is the tallest gentleman of the three appearing in adjoining
-figure?&mdash;Many would imagine the last to be the tallest, and the
-first the shortest, whereas the reverse is the case&mdash;the last is the
-shortest, and the first the tallest.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above3">It is surprising how the eye can be deceived, when
-dealing with areas or circles. Place on the table a half-crown and a threepenny-piece;
-let these be, say, 9 or 10 inches apart, and ask a friend how many
-of the latter can be placed on the former&mdash;with this proviso: the
-threepenny-pieces must not rest on each other, nor must they overlap
-the outer rim of the half-crown; they must be fairly within the
-circumference of the larger coin. Many will answer 6, 5, or 4, others
-who are more cautious 3. Try for yourself and see how many you can
-put on, and you are sure to be surprised.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_055_b.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="120" />
-</div>
-<p class="center">ARE THESE LINES PARALLEL?</p>
-
-<p>The “herring-bone” figure here illustrated is yet another proof that
-our eyes are faulty. The horizontal lines appear to slant in the
-direction in which the short intersecting lines are falling, and
-would give one the idea that they would meet if continued, whereas
-really they are parallel. The illusion is more striking if you tilt the leaf up.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">HOW DID HE DO IT.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_115">115.</a> Once there was an old tramp who had to go through
-a tollbar, and before he could get through he had to pay a penny. He had not a
-penny; he did not find a penny, nor borrow a penny, nor steal nor beg
-a penny, and yet he paid a penny and went through.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_116">116.</a> Find a number which is such that if four times its
-square be diminished by 6 times the number itself the remainder shall be 70.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_117">117.</a> A man has a certain number of apples; he sells
-half the number and one more to one person, half the remainder and one more to a
-second person, half the remainder and one more to a third person,
-half the remainder and one more to a fourth person, by which time he
-had disposed of all that he had. How many had he?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="smcap">Teacher</span> (impressing one of her
-<i>protégés</i>)&mdash;“Be brave and earnest and you will succeed. Do you
-remember my telling you of the great difficulty ‘George Washington’ had to contend with?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Willy Raggs</span>&mdash;“Yes, mum; he couldn’t tell a lie.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_118">118.</a> Two numbers are in the ratio of 2 and 3, and
-if 9 be added to each they are in the ratio of 3 to 4. Find the numbers.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">PAYING A DEBT.</p>
-
-<p>In an office the boy owed one of the clerks threepence, the clerk
-owed the cashier twopence, and the cashier owed the boy twopence. One
-day the boy, having a penny, decided to diminish his debt, and gave
-the penny to the clerk, who in turn paid half his debt by giving it
-to the cashier, the latter gave it back to the boy, saying, “That
-makes one penny I owe you now;” the office boy again passed it to the
-clerk, who passed it to the cashier, who in turn passed it back to
-the boy, and the boy discharged his entire debt by handing it over to
-the clerk, thereby squaring all accounts.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A TESTIMONIAL.</p>
-
-<p>“How do you like your new typewriter?” inquired the agent.</p>
-
-<p>“It’s grand!” was the immediate and enthusiastic response. “I wonder
-how I ever got along without it.”</p>
-
-<p>“Well, would you mind giving me a little testimonial to that effect?”</p>
-
-<p>“Certainly not; do it gladly.”</p>
-
-<p>(A few minutes’ pounding). “How’ll this suit you?”</p>
-
-<p>“afted Using the automatig Back-action a type writ, er for thre
-emonthan d Over. I unhesittattingly pronounce it prono nce it to be
-al even more than th e Manufacturs claim? for it. During the time
-been in our possession e. i. th ree monthzi id has more th an than
-paid for it£elf in the saving of time an d labrr?</p>
-
-<p class="author">John £ Gibbs.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">STATE OF THE POLL.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_119">119.</a> In a constituency in which each elector may vote
-for 2 candidates half of the constituency vote for A, but divide their
-votes among B, C, D and E in the proportion of 4, 3, 2, 1; half the
-remainder vote for B, and divide their votes between C, D, E in
-proportion 3, 1, 1; two-thirds of the remainder vote for D and E, and
-540 do not vote at all. Find state of poll, and number of electors on roll.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_057.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="135" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_120">120.</a> Three men, A, B and C, go into an hotel to have
-a “free and easy” on their own account, and after sundry glasses of Dewar’s
-Whisky got into dispute as to who had the most cash, and neither
-being willing to show his hand, the landlord was called upon to
-umpire. He found that A’s money and half of B’s added to one-third of
-C’s just came to £32, again that one-third of A’s with one-fourth of
-B’s and one-fifth of C’s made up £15, again he found that one-fourth
-of A’s together with one-fifth of B’s and one-sixth of C’s totalled
-£12. How much had each?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE BIBLE IN SCHOOLS.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Visiting Clergyman</span>&mdash;“What’s a miracle?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Boy</span>&mdash;“Dunno.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">V.C.</span>&mdash;“Well, if the sun was to shine in the middle of the
-night what would you say it was?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Boy</span>&mdash;“The moon.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">V.C.</span>&mdash;“But if you were told that it was the sun, what would
-you say it was?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Boy</span>&mdash;“A lie.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">V.C.</span>&mdash;“<i>I</i> don’t tell lies. Suppose <i>I</i> were to tell you it
-was the sun, what would you say then?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Boy</span>&mdash;“That you was drunk.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_121">121.</a> A man travels 60 miles in 3 hours by rail and coach;
-if he had gone all the way by rail he would have ended his journey an hour
-sooner and saved two-fifths of the time he was on the coach. How far
-did he go by coach?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><big><span class="smcap">Wanted</span></big> Canvasser, energetic;<br />
-only “live” men need apply.&nbsp; Smart &amp; Co.</p>
-
-<p>A determined-looking young man rushed into Mr. Sharp’s office
-the other day, and, addressing him, said abruptly, “See you’re
-advertising for a canvasser, sir; I’ve come to fill the place.”</p>
-
-<p>“Gently, young man!&mdash;gently! How do you know that you’ll suit?” asked
-Mr. Sharp, somewhat nettled at the young man’s off-hand manner.</p>
-
-<p>“Certain of it. Best man you could have&mdash;energetic, punctual, honest,
-sober, A1 references, and&mdash;&mdash;”</p>
-
-<p>“Wait a minute, I tell you!” shouted Mr. Sharp. “I don’t think you’d
-suit me at all.”</p>
-
-<p>“Oh, yes, I shall,” said the young man, seating himself. “And I don’t
-go out of this office till you engage me.”</p>
-
-<p>“You won’t?” yelled Mr. S.</p>
-
-<p>“Certainly not,” said the young man, calmly.</p>
-
-<p>“Why, you impudent young scoundrel! I’ll&mdash;I’ll kick you out!”</p>
-
-<p>“No, you wont. You may kick me, but you won’t kick me <i>out</i>.”</p>
-
-<p>“If you don’t go, I’ll call a policeman,” declared Mr. S., purple
-with rage.</p>
-
-<p>“Will you?”</p>
-
-<p>The young man rushed to the door, locked it, and put the key in his
-pocket.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. S. gasped and glared, and then roared:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“I tell you I won’t have you! Get out of my office. Will you take
-‘no’ for an answer?”</p>
-
-<p>“No, I won’t take ‘no’ for an answer. Never did in my life, and don’t
-intend starting now,” said the young man, very determinedly.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Sharp hesitated, then rose to his feet, with admiration beaming
-from his eyes.</p>
-
-<p>“Young man,” he said, “I’ve been looking for an agent like you for
-twenty years. At first I thought you were only a bumptious fool;
-but now I see you’re literally bursting with business. If any man
-can sell my patent vermin-trap (warranted to catch anything from a
-flea to a tiger) you’re that man. A hundred a year and 15 per cent.
-commission. Is it a bargain?”</p>
-
-<p>“It is,” said the young man, trying the trap, and smiling approvingly
-when it nipped a piece of flesh clean out of his finger.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">WHY IS IT?</p>
-
-<p>Take a long narrow strip of paper, and draw a line with pen or pencil
-along the whole length of its centre. Turn one of the ends round so
-as to give it a twist, and then gum the ends together. Now take a
-pair of scissors and cut the circle of paper round along the line,
-and you will have two circles. This is a puzzle within a puzzle,
-and has never been satisfactorily explained either by scientist or mathematician.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b>How to Read a Person’s Character.</b></p>
-
-<p>Tell a friend to put down in figures the year in which he was born;
-to this add 4, then his age at last birthday provided it has not come
-in the present year (if it has, then his age last year); multiply
-this sum by 1000, and subtract 687,423. (This number is for 1899;
-it increases 1000 for each succeeding year.) To the remainder place
-corresponding letters of the alphabet. The result will be the popular
-name by which your friend is known.</p>
-
-<p>Example: A person was born in 1860, and is now 38 years of age.</p>
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">1860&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl_bott" rowspan="4">&nbsp;Age</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">4&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">1864&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">38&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">1902&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl_bott" rowspan="6">&emsp;(“A bad egg.”)</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">1000</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">1902000</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">687423</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr over">1,2,1,4,5,7,7</td>
-   </tr><tr><td class="tdr">a,b,a,d,e,g,g</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_122">122.</a> There are 3 numbers in continued proportion&mdash;the
-middle number is 60, and the sum of the others is 125. Find the numbers.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_123">123.</a> A lends B a certain sum at the same time he insures
-B’s life for £737 12s. 6d., paying annual premiums of £20; at the end of three
-years and just before the fourth premium is to be paid, B dies,
-having never repaid anything. What sum must A have lent B in order
-that he may have just enough to recoup himself, together with 5 per
-cent. compound interest on the sum lent and on the premiums?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_124">124.</a> I met three Dutchmen&mdash;Hendrick, Claas,
-and Cornelius&mdash;with their wives&mdash;Gertruig, Catrün, and Anna;
-in answer to a question they told me they had been to market to
-buy pigs, and had spent between them £224 11s; Hendrick bought 23
-pigs more than Catrün, and Class bought 11 more than Gertruig,
-each man laid out 3 guineas more than his wife. Now find out each
-couple&mdash;man and wife.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">CURIOUS BOOK-KEEPING.</p>
-
-<p>An old tradesman used to keep his accounts in a singular manner. He
-hung up two boots&mdash;one on each side of the chimney; into one of these
-he put all the money he received, and into the other all the receipts
-and vouchers for the money he paid. At the end of the year, or
-whenever he wanted to make up his accounts, he emptied the boots, and
-by counting their several and respective contents he was enabled to
-make a balance, perhaps with as much regularity and as little trouble
-as any book-keeper in the country.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">QUICKER THAN THOUGHT.</p>
-
-<p>A little boy, hearing someone remark that nothing was quicker than
-thought, said: “I know something that is quicker than thought.” “What
-is it, Johnny?” asked his pa. “Whistling,” said Johnny. “When I was
-in school yesterday I whistled before I thought, and got caned for
-it, too.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_125">125.</a> The number of men in both fronts of two columns of
-troops A and B, when each consisted of as many ranks as it had men in front, was
-84; but when the columns changed ground, and A was drawn up with the
-front B had, and B with the front A had; the number of ranks in both
-columns was 91. Required: the number of men in each column.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">RUNNING THROUGH HIS FORTUNE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_126">126.</a> A man inheriting money spends on the first day 19s.,
-twice that amount on the next, and 19s. additional every day till he exhausts
-his fortune by spending on the last day £190 by way of having a real
-good time of it and treating his friends to a good “blow out.” What
-amount of money had he left to him at the start?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<p><a href="#ans_127">127.</a> A shopkeeper makes on a certain article the first
-day a profit of 3d., the second day 4·2d., and so on, profit increasing each day
-by 1·2d. He had a profit of 14s. 3d. on the whole. How many days was
-he selling the article?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“AWFUL SACRIFICE.”</p>
-
-<p>One of those generous, disinterested, self-sacrificing tradesmen,
-having stuck upon every other pane of glass in his window,
-“Selling-off,” “No reasonable offer refused,” “Must close on
-Saturday,” offered himself as bail, or security, in some case
-which was brought before a magistrate, when the following dialogue
-ensued:&mdash;The magistrate asking him if he was worth £200, “Yes,” he
-replied. “But you are about to remove, are you not?” “No.” “Why, you
-write up, ‘Selling-off.’” “Yes, every shopkeeper is selling off.”
-“You say, ‘No reasonable offer will be refused.’” “Well, I should be
-very unreasonable if I did refuse such offers.” “But you say, ‘Must
-close on Saturday.’” “To be sure; you would not have me open on
-Sunday, would you?”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_128">128.</a> A man dying left his property of £10,000 to his
-four children, aged respectively 6, 8, 10, and 12 years, on the understanding that
-each on attaining his majority shall receive the same amount of
-money, comp. interest at the rate of 4½ per cent. being allowed.
-What is the amount of the £10,000 payable to each?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A WASTE OF TIME.</p>
-
-<p>A little boy spent his first day at school. “What did you learn?” was
-his aunt’s question. “Didn’t learn nothing.” “Well, what did you do?”
-“Didn’t do nothing. There was a woman wanting to know how to spell
-‘cat,’ and I told her.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>An English School-boy’s Essay on Australia.</big></b></p>
-
-<p>“Part of Austrailya is vague. It ust to be used by the English to
-keep men on that was not bad enough to be killed. Some farms would
-raise as much as five hundred thousand. The English long ago ust to
-send their prisoners there when they did anything not worth hanging.</p>
-
-<p>“Austrailya is a vast Country, and the biggest Island on the surface
-of the Earth. It has all its bad men and they have found a great many
-Gold and Diamonds there, and Sidney is one of the Chief Countries in
-it which is in new south Wales.</p>
-
-<p>“It used to be used for purposes of Exploration, but it has no
-interior, and you can’t explore it. Sometimes it is called Antipides,
-because everything is upside down there. The chief products are Wool
-and Gold and other Exports and the Austrailyan eleven come from
-there. The Climate is hot in the Summer and not so in the Winter,
-which causes drowts and sweeps all the sheep away and the banks break.</p>
-
-<p>“It was discovered by Captain Cook who captured it from the Dutch.
-There are no wild Animals there except the Kangaroo, they fly
-through the air with great skill and then they return again right to
-your feet. The natives are coloured Black and they call themselves
-Aboriginels, they subsist on bark and other food they do no work and
-chop wood for a miserable living and can smell the ground like a
-dog. When we go there they call us new Chums. They have no form of
-Worship, and pray for rain, but a belief in Federashun because they
-want to be joined together.</p>
-
-<p>“Their only amusement is Co-robbery. It is celebrated for
-Bushrangers and the Melbourne Cup which sticks people up and takes
-from them all they have got.</p>
-
-<p>“Austrailya has a lot of aliasses, one is new Holland and afterwards
-it was called Pollynesia, and Van Demon and Oceana but sir Henry
-Parks called it Austrailya on his Death-bed. You can go to it in a
-ship but it is joined to Great Britain by a cable.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_061.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="88" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_129">129.</a> I ran to a certain railway station to meet the train
-which was due at 3.15 p.m. When I arrived on the platform the hands of the
-clock made equal angles with 3 o’clock. How long had I to wait?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_130">130.</a> The wall of China is 1500 miles long, 20 feet high,
-15 feet wide at the top and 25 at the bottom. The largest of the pyramids is said
-to have been 741 feet at the base, 481 feet vertical when finished.
-How many such pyramids could be built out of the wall of China?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">GRAMMAR.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Schoolmaster</span>&mdash;“Now, boys, the word ‘with’ is a very
-bad word to end a sentence with.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_131">131.</a> There is an arch of quadrantal form; the rise
-of the crown is 17 feet. What is the span?</p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-<p><a href="#ans_132">132.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">Two pairs of fives I bid you take,</span>
-<span class="i0">And four times four and forty make.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_133">133.</a> A lady bought a quantity of flannel, which she
-distributed among some poor women; the first received 2 yards, the second 4 yards,
-and so on; the lot cost her £5 14s. 2½d. How many women were there, and
-what did the lady pay per yard?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_134">134.</a> A and B marry, their respective ages being in
-proportion to 3 and 4. Now after they have been married 14 years their ages
-are as 5 to 6, and the age of A is 5 times that of her youngest child, who was
-born when the parents’ ages were as 4 to 5. Required: the ages of A
-and B when they were married, and the age of the youngest child now
-that they have been married 14 years.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">AN APPALLING “SUM.”</p>
-
-<p>At a school, a short time back, the pupils were given, as a home
-lesson, the task of subtracting from 880,788,889 the number 629 so
-often till nothing remained.</p>
-
-<p>The boys worked on for hours without any perceptible diminution of
-the figures, and at length gave up the task in despair. Some of the
-parents then tried their hands, with no better success. For, in order
-to work out the sum, the number 629 would have to be subtracted
-1,400,300 times, leaving 189 as a remainder.</p>
-
-<p>Working 12 hours a day, at the rate of 3 subtractions per minute, it
-would take over 1 year and 9 months to complete the sum which had
-been set the poor lads for their home lesson.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A MILITARY LUNCHEON.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_135">135.</a> A certain number of Volunteers&mdash;namely, Commissioned
-Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and Privates had a dinner bill to pay;
-there were, it seemed, half as many more Non-Com. Officers as Com.,
-one-third as many more Privates as Non-Com. Officers, and they agreed
-that each Commissioned Officer should pay one-third as much again
-as each Non-Com., and each Non-Com. one-fifth as much again as each
-Private; but 1 Commissioned and 2 Non-Com. Officers slipped away
-without paying their portion (5s.), each of the others had to pay in
-consequence 4d. more. What was the amount of the bill, and the number
-of each present?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>Twice the half of 1½? Ask your friends&mdash;it bothers them.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>The Problem Easily Solved.</big></b></p>
-
-<p>“Do you see that row of poplars on the other bank standing apparently
-at equal distances apart?” asked a grave-faced man of a group of
-people standing by a river.</p>
-
-<p>The group nodded assent.</p>
-
-<p>“Well, there’s quite a story connected with those trees,” he
-continued. “Some years ago there lived in a house overlooking the
-river a very wealthy banker, whose only daughter was beloved by a
-young surveyor. The old man was inclined to question the professional
-skill of the young rod and level, and to put him to the test directed
-him to set out on the river shore a row of trees, no two of which
-should be any further apart than any other two. The trial proved
-the lover’s inefficiency, and forthwith he was forbidden the house,
-and in despair drowned himself in the river. Perhaps some of you
-gentlemen with keen eyes can tell me which two trees are furthest apart?”</p>
-
-<p>The group took a critical view of the situation, and each member
-selected a different pair of trees. Finally, after much discussion,
-an appeal was made to the solemn-faced stranger to solve the problem.</p>
-
-<p>“The first and the last,” said he, calmly, resuming his cigar and
-walking away with the air of a sage.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_136">136.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">Twice five of us are eight of us, and two of us are three,</span>
-<span class="i0">And three of us are five of us&mdash;now how can all this be?</span>
-<span class="i0">If that does not puzzle you I’ll tell you one thing more:</span>
-<span class="i0">Eight of us are five of us and five of us are four.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“EXPRESSIONAL” MEASURES.</p>
-
-<p>The table of measures says that 3 barleycorns make 1 inch&mdash;and so
-they do. When the standards of measures were first established 3
-barleycorns, well-dried, were taken out and laid end to end, and
-measured an inch.</p>
-
-<p>The “hairbreadth” now used indefinitely for infinitesimal space, was
-a regular measure, 16 hairs laid side by side equalling 1 barleycorn.</p>
-
-<p>The expression “in a trice,” as everyone knows, means a very short
-space of time. The hour is divided into 60 minutes, the minute into
-60 seconds, and the second into 60 “trices.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A CHALLENGE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_137">137.</a> A lady belonging to the W.C.T.U. was endeavouring
-to persuade a gentleman friend of hers to give up the drink; he replied, “I will
-sign the pledge if you tell me how many glasses of beer did I drink
-to-day if the difference between their number and the number of times
-the square root of their number is contained in 2 be equal to 3.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">MEMORY SYSTEM.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Teacher</span>&mdash;“In what year was the battle of Waterloo fought?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Pupil</span>&mdash;“I don’t know.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Teacher</span>&mdash;“It’s simple enough if
-you only would learn how to cultivate artificial memory. Remember
-the twelve apostles. Add half their number to them. That’s eighteen.
-Multiply by a hundred. That’s eighteen hundred. Take the twelve
-apostles again. Add a quarter of their number to them. That’s
-fifteen. Add to what you’ve got. That’s 1815. That’s the date.
-Quite simple, you see, to remember dates if you will only adopt my
-system.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_064.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="195" />
-</div>
-<p class="center"><br />A GLOBE TROTTER.</p>
-<p><a href="#ans_138">138.</a> Everyone knows that in a race on a circular track
-the competitor who has the “inside” running has the least ground to cover, hence
-the great desire of cyclists, jockeys, &amp;c., to “hug the fence.”</p>
-
-<p>Now a gentleman, six feet high, starts walking round the Earth on
-the equator; his feet, therefore, have the inside running. Find out
-how much further his head travels than his feet in performing this
-wonderful journey? taking the circumference of the globe at the
-equator to be 25,000 miles.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><span class="smcap">Precocious Juvenile</span>&mdash;“Mamma, it isn’t good grammar to say
-‘after I,’ is it?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">His Mother</span>&mdash;“No, Georgie.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Precocious Juvenile</span>&mdash;“Well, the letter J comes after I.
-Which is wrong&mdash;the grammar or the alphabet?”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_139">139.</a> There is an island in the form of a semi-circle;
-two persons start from a point in the diameter; one walks along the diameter, and
-the other at right angles to it; the former reaches the extremity of
-the diameter after walking 4 miles, and the latter the boundary of
-the island after walking 8 miles. Find the area of the island.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_140">140.</a> There is a certain number consisting of three figures
-which is equal to 36 times the sum of its digits, and 7 times the left-hand
-digit plus 9, equal to 5 times the sum of the remaining digits, and 8
-times the second digit minus 9 is equal to the sum of the first and
-third. What is the number?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_141">141.</a> A bottle and cork costs 2½d.; the bottle costs 2d.
-more than the cork. What is the price of each?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>A Cure for Big Words.</big></b></p>
-
-<p>Here is a good story of how a father cured his son of verbal
-grandiloquence. The boy wrote from college, using such large
-words that the father replied with the following letter:&mdash;“In
-promulgating your esoteric cogitations, or articulating superficial
-sentimentalities, and philosophical or pscyhological observations,
-beware of platitudinous ponderosity. Let your conversation possess
-a clarified conciseness, compacted comprehensibleness, coalescent
-consistency, and a concatenated cogency. Eschew all conglomerations
-of flatulent garrulity, jejune babblement, and asinine affectations.
-Let your extemporaneous descantings and unpremeditated expatiations
-have intelligibility, without rhodomontade or thrasonical bombast.
-Sedulously avoid all polysyllabical profundity, pompous prolixity,
-and ventriloquial vapidity. Shun double entendre and prurient
-jocosity, whether obscure or apparent. In other words, <i>speak
-truthfully, naturally, clearly, purely, but do not use big words</i>.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_142">142.</a> With a pair each of four different weights, 1 lb.
-up to 170 lbs. can be weighed. What are the weights?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_143">143.</a> A man going “on the spree” spends on the first day
-10s. 5d., the second 18s., the third £1 8s. 7d., the fourth £2 2s. 8d., and so on
-at that rate of increase until he has spent all he had&mdash;£183 6s. 8d.
-How many days was he on the spree?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_144">144.</a> Divide one shilling into two parts, so that one
-will be 2½d. more than the other.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">COMPLIMENTARY, VERY!</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Editor</span>&mdash;“Did you see the notice I gave you yesterday?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Shopkeeper</span>&mdash;“Yes, and I don’t want another. The man who says
-I’ve got plenty of grit, and that the milk I sell is of the first
-water, and that my butter is the strongest in the market, may mean
-well, but he is not the man whose encomiums I value.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_145">145.</a> A vintner draws a certain quantity of wine out of
-a full vessel that holds 256 gallons, and then filling the same vessel with water
-draws off the same quantity of liquor as before, and so on for four
-draughts, when only 81 gallons of pure wine is left. How much wine
-did he draw each time?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_146">146.</a> A man has 4 horses, for which he gave £80; the
-first horse cost as much as the second and half of the third, the second cost
-as much as the fourth minus the cost of the third, the third cost one-third
-of the first, and the fourth cost as much as the second and third
-together. What was the price of each horse?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>The Divided Pound.</big></b></p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_147">147.</a> A father wishes to divide £1 between his four sons,
-giving one-third to one, one-fourth to another, one-fifth to another, and
-one-sixth to another; in doing so he finds he has only disbursed
-19s.; the balance, 1s., is then divided in the same proportion. What
-amount does each receive in full in the proportion named?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>RAILWAY-SHUNTING PUZZLE.</big></b></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_066.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="124" />
-</div>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_148">148.</a> A locomotive is on the main line of railway; the
-trucks marked 1 and 2 are on sidings which meet at the points, where there is room
-for one truck only and not for the locomotive. It is desired to
-reverse the position of the trucks&mdash;that is, put 1 where 2 is, and
-2 where 1 is, and yet leave the locomotive free on the main line.
-This must be done by means of the locomotive only, either pulling
-or pushing the trucks&mdash;it may be between them, thus pulling one and
-pushing the other&mdash;but no truck must move without the locomotive.</p>
-
-<p>In working this puzzle out, it would be best to draw the diagram
-on an enlarged scale, and have articles to represent the trucks and
-locomotive.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_149">149.</a> In a public square there is a fountain containing
-a quantity of water; around it stand a group of people with pitchers and
-buckets. They draw water at the following rate: The first draws
-100 quarts and one-thirteenth of the remainder, the second 200 quarts
-and one-thirteenth of the remainder, the third 300 quarts and
-one-thirteenth, and so on, until the fountain was emptied. How many
-quarts were there in the fountain?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">ENGLISH FROM A GERMAN MASTER.</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Prof. Goldburgmann</span>&mdash;“Herr Kannstnicht, you will the
-declensions give in the sentence, “I have a gold mine.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Herr Kannstnicht</span>&mdash;“I have a gold mine; thou hast a gold
-thine; he has a gold his; we, you, they have a gold ours, yours, or
-theirs, as the case may be.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Prof. Goldburgmann</span>&mdash;“You right are; up head proceed. Should
-I what a time pleasant have if all Herr Kannstnicht like were!”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">SPENDING THEIR “ALL.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_150">150.</a> Three men going “on the spree” decide to spend all
-their money. The first, A, “shouts” for the company and then gives his balance to
-B, who also in turn pays for 3 drinks and gives his balance to C, who
-can then just manage to pay for drinks once more at 6d. each. How
-much money had each?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_151">151.</a> There is a regiment of 7300 soldiers, which is to
-be divided into 4 companies&mdash;half of the first company, two-thirds of the
-second, three-quarters of the third, and four-fifths of the
-fourth&mdash;to be composed of the same number of men. How many soldiers
-are there in each company?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A GRAVE MISTAKE.</p>
-
-<p>A Scotch tradesman, who had amassed, as he believed, £4000, was
-surprised at his old clerk’s showing by a balance-sheet his fortune
-to be £6000. “It canna be&mdash;count again,” said the old man. The clerk
-did count again, and again declared the balance to be £6000. Time
-after time he cast up the columns&mdash;it was still a 6, and not a 4,
-that rewarded his labours. So the old merchant, on the strength of
-his good fortune, modernised his house, and put money in the purse
-of the carpenter, the painter, and the upholsterer. Still, however,
-he had a lurking doubt of the existence of the extra £2000; so one
-winter’s night he sat down to give the columns “one count more.” At
-the close of his task he jumped up as though he had been galvanised,
-and rushed out in a shower of rain to the house of the clerk, who,
-capped and drowsy, put out his head from an attic window at the sound
-of the knocker, mumbling, “Who’s there, and what d’ye want?” “It’s
-me, ye scoundrel!” exclaimed his employer. “Ye’ve added up the year
-of our Lord amang the poons!”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">PROBLEM FOR PRINTERS.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_152">152.</a> A book is printed in such a manner that each page
-contains a certain number of lines, and each line a certain number of letters.
-If each page contains 3 lines more, and each line 4 letters more, the
-number of letters in each page will be 224 more than before; but if
-each page contains 2 lines less, and each line 3 letters less, the
-number of letters in each page would be 145 less than before. Find
-the number of lines in each page, and the number of letters in each line.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE INCOME TAX.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_153">153.</a> The charge on a major income is the same in amount
-as that on a minor one, which is 2½ per cent. of their mutual difference, but
-the rate imposed on the overplus of a major income is 4 per cent., so
-that on a composite income of the major and minor the charge would be
-£3 8s. Required the major and minor incomes.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>“Your Money or Your Life!”</big></b></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_068_a.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="136" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_154">154.</a> Two gentlemen, A and B, with £100 and £48 respectively,
-having to perform a long journey through a lonely part of the country, agree
-to travel together for purposes of safety; they are, however, taken
-unawares by a gang of bushrangers who, calling upon them to “bail
-up,” ease them of some of their cash. The leader of the gang was
-satisfied with taking twice as much from A as from B, and left to A
-three times as much as to B. How much was taken from each?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">GEOMETRICAL MUSIC.</p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">· A point, my boys, is that which has no length, breadth, or dimension.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; A line has length, and yet is but a point drawn in extension.</span>
-<span class="i0">All lines have names expressing some distinguishing particular.</span>
-<span class="i0">As: horizontal, parallel, oblique, and perpendicular.</span>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i6"><i>Chorus of Pupils.</i>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  Oh! dear! oh!</span>
-<span class="i15">A pretty science mathematics is to know.</span>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">The lines called parallel are those which, drawn in one direction,</span>
-<span class="i0">Continued to infinity, will never make bisection.</span>
-<span class="i0">The thing perhaps sounds odd, but if you entertain a doubt, boys,</span>
-<span class="i0">I’ll draw the lines, &nbsp;<span class="over">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</span> &nbsp;now take your slates, and work the</span>
-<span class="i3">problem out, boys.</span>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i6"><i>Chorus of Pupils.</i>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  Oh! dear! no!</span>
-<span class="i15">We readily believe it, Sir! since <i>you</i> say so!</span>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_068_b.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="100" />
-</div>
-<p><br /><br /><a href="#ans_155">155.</a> In this figure rub out eight lines, and
-leave two squares. No side nor angle of any square must be left, otherwise that will
-be counted as a square.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_156">156.</a> A and B travelled by the same road, and at the
-same rate from Tamworth to Sydney. A overtook a flock of sheep, which travelled
-at the rate of three miles in two hours, and two hours after he met a
-mail coach, which travelled at the rate of nine miles in four hours.
-B overtook the flock 45 miles from Sydney, and met the coach 40
-minutes before he came to the 31-mile post from the Metropolis. Where
-was B when A reached Sydney?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">ENGLISH HISTORY.</p>
-
-<p>A school examination paper contained the question:&mdash;“Write down all
-you know about Henry VIII,” and one of the small boys answered as
-follows:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“King Henry 8 was the greatest widower that ever lived. He was born
-at Anne Domini in the year 1066. He had 510 wives besides children.
-The first was beheaded and afterwards executed, and the second was
-revoked. She never smiled again. But she said the word ‘Calais’ would
-be found on her heart after death. The greatest man in this reign
-was Lord Sir Garret Wolsey&mdash;named the Boy Bachelor. He was born at
-the age of fifteen unmarried. Henry 8 was succeeded on the throne by
-his great-grandmother, the beautiful Mary, Queen of Scots, sometimes
-called Lady of the Lake or the Lay of the Last Minstrel.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_157">157.</a> Two boys, A and B, run round a ring in opposite
-directions till they meet at the starting point, their last meeting place before
-this having been 990 yards from it. If A’s rate to B’s be as 5 to 3, find
-the distance they have travelled.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE VALUE OF HOME LESSONS.</p>
-
-<p>Two teachers of languages were discussing matters and things relative
-to their profession.</p>
-
-<p>“Do your pupils pay up regularly on the first of each month?” asked
-one of them.</p>
-
-<p>“No, they do not,” was the reply; “I often have to wait weeks and
-weeks before I get my pay, and sometimes I don’t get it at all. You
-can’t well dun the parents for the money.”</p>
-
-<p>“Why don’t you do as I do? I always get my money regularly.”</p>
-
-<p>“How do you manage it?”</p>
-
-<p>“It is very simple. For instance, I am teaching a boy French, and
-on the first day of the month his folks don’t send the amount due
-for the previous month. In that case I give the boy the following
-exercise to translate and write out at home:&mdash;‘I have no money. The
-month is up. Hast thou any money? Have not thy parents any money? I
-need money very much. Why hast thou brought no money this morning?
-Did thy father not give thee any money? Has he no money in the
-pocket-book of his uncle’s great aunt?’ This fetches them. Next
-morning that boy brings the money.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_158">158.</a> There is a number half of which divided by 6,
-one-third of it divided by 4, and one-fourth of it divided by 3, each quotient
-will be 9. What is the number?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">QUIBBLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_159">159.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Two-thirds of six is nine, one-half of twelve is seven,</span>
-<span class="i0">The half of five is four, and six is half of eleven.</span>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">SOMETHING EASY.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_160">160.</a> Find a sum of £ s. d. (no farthings) in which the
-figures, in their order, represent the amount reduced to farthings.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_161">161.</a> Three persons won a “consultation” worth £1,320.
-If J were to take £6, M ought to take £4, and B £2. What is each person’s share?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_070.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="173" />
-</div>
-<p class="center">“ON THE JOB.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_162">162.</a> Six masons, four bricklayers and five labourers
-were working together at a building, but being obliged to leave off one day by
-the rain, they went to a public-house and drank to the value of 45s.,
-which was paid by each party in the following manner: Four-fifths
-of what the bricklayers paid was equal to three-fifths of what the
-masons paid, and the labourers paid two-sevenths of what the masons
-and bricklayers paid. What did each party of men pay?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_163">163.</a> In a certain speculation I gained £4 19s. 11¾d.
-for each pound I expended, and by a curious coincidence I found that £4 19s.
-11¾d. was the exact amount I had ventured. Required the amount of
-capital and profit together.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">HIS MAJORITY.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_164">164.</a> “I am not a man, I suppose, till I am 21. How
-long have I to wait yet, if the cube root of my age eight years hence, added
-to the cube root of my age eleven years ago would make 5?”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">DRAUGHT-BOARD PUZZLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_165">165.</a> Place eight men on a draught-board in such a way
-that no two will be in a line either crossways or diagonally. Of course the two
-colours on the board must be used.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_166">166.</a> A gentleman, dying, left his property thus: To
-his wife, three-fifths of his son’s and youngest daughter’s shares; to his
-son, four-fifths of his wife’s and eldest daughter’s shares; to his
-eldest daughter, two-sevenths of his wife’s and son’s shares, and to
-his youngest daughter one-sixth of his son’s and eldest daughter’s
-shares. The wife’s share was £4,650. What did the gentleman leave,
-and what did each receive?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">SAMSON OUTDONE.</p>
-
-<p>A man boasted that he carried off an entire timber yard in his left
-hand. It turned out that the timber-yard was a three-foot rule.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>Domino Puzzle.</big></b></p>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_071_a.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="103" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_167">167.</a> Arrange the 28 dominoes in such a manner as to have
-two squares of each number; there are eight half-squares of each number in the
-complete set&mdash;eight sixes, eight fives, &amp;c.&mdash;so that four of the
-one number comprise a square. The whole, when finished, will form a
-figure like a square, resembling a wide letter <b>I</b>.</p>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_071_b.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="101" />
-
-</div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_168">168.</a> A sum of money is divided among a number of persons;
-the second gets 8d. more than the first, the third gets 1s. 4d. more than the
-second, the fourth 2s. more than the third, and so on. If the first
-gets 6d. and the last £5 2s. 6d., how many persons were there?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">IT COULDN’T BE EXPECTED.</p>
-
-<p>Teacher: “Johnny, where is the North Pole?”</p>
-
-<p>Johnny: “I don’t know.”</p>
-
-<p>Teacher: “Don’t know where the North Pole is?”</p>
-
-<p>Johnny: “When Franklin, Nansen and Captain Andrée hunted for it and
-couldn’t find it, how am I to know where it is?”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_169">169.</a> For a loan of 2,500,000, 4½ per cent. per annum
-is paid by a mining company whose capital is £4,900,000. The working expenses
-constitute 52 per cent. of the gross receipts, which amount in the
-year to £965,000, and the directors set apart £44,450 as a reserve
-fund. What yearly dividend do the shareholders receive?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_170">170.</a> If a monkey climbs a greasy pole 10 ft. high, ascending
-1 ft. with each movement of his arms, and slipping back 6 in. after each advance;
-how many movements would he have to make, to touch the top, and what
-height would he have climbed in all?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_171">171.</a> Find two numbers whose G.C.M. is 179,
-L.C.M. 56385, and difference 10382.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_172">172.</a> What is the difference between twenty four-quart
-bottles, and four and twenty quart bottles?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE G.C.M.</p>
-
-<p>The Greatest Common Measure&mdash;A “long pint.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_173">173.</a> There are two casks, one of which holds thirty gallons
-more than the other. The larger is filled with wine, the smaller with water.
-Ten gallons are taken out of each: that from the first is poured into
-the second; the operation is repeated, and it is now found that the
-larger cask contains 13 gallons of water. Find the contents of each
-cask.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_174">174.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">In the midst of a paddock well stored with grass,</span>
-<span class="i0">I engaged just an acre to tether my ass;</span>
-<span class="i0">What length must that cord be, in grazing all round</span>
-<span class="i0">That he may graze over just one acre of ground?</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_175">175.</a> If three first-class cost as much as five second-class
-tickets for a journey of 100 miles, the total cost of the eight tickets
-being £3 2s. 6d., find the charge per mile for each first-class and second-class ticket.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">HUMILITY.</p>
-
-<p>In a certain street are three tailors. The first to set up shop hung
-out this sign&mdash;“Here is the best tailor in the town.” The next put
-up&mdash;“Here is the best tailor in the world.” The third simply had
-this&mdash;“Here is the best tailor in this street.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>“On the Wallaby.”</big></b></p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_176">176.</a> Four sundowners called at a station and asked
-for rations. “Well,” said the manager, “I have a job that will take 200 hours
-to complete; if you want to do it, you can divide the work and the money
-among yourselves as you see fit.” The sundowners agreed to do the
-work on these conditions. “Now, mates,” said the laziest of them,
-“it’s no good all of us doing the same amount of work. Let’s toss
-up to see who shall work the most hours a day, and who the fewest.
-Then let each man work as many days as he does hours a day.” This
-was agreed to; but the proposer took good care that chance should
-designate him to do the least number of hours of work. How were the
-200 hours put in so that each man should work as many hours as days,
-and yet no two men work the same number of hours?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_177">177.</a> On multiplying a certain number by 517 a result
-is obtained greater by 7,303,535 than if the same number had been multiplied
-by 312. How much greater still would be the result if 811 were the
-multiplier instead of 312?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A “CATCH.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_178">178.</a> Six ears of corn are in a hollow stump. How long will
-it take a squirrel to carry them all out if he takes but three ears a day?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>NUMBER 7.</big></b></p>
-
-<p>The number 7 has always been considered the most sacred of all our
-figures. Its prominence in the Scriptures is very remarkable, from
-Genesis&mdash;where we read that the seventh day was consecrated as a day
-of rest and repose&mdash;to Revelations&mdash;where we find the seven churches
-of Asia; seven golden candlesticks; the book with seven seals; the
-seven angels with seven trumpets; seven kings; seven thunders; seven
-plagues, &amp;c., &amp;c., its frequent occurrence is most striking.</p>
-
-<p>The Ancients paid great respect to the seven mouths of the Nile.
-The seven rivers of Vedic India; seven wonders of the world; seven
-precious stones; seven notes of music; seven colours of the rainbow,
-&amp;c., &amp;c. The “Lampads seven that watch the Throne of Heaven” led
-the Chaldeans to esteem the unit 7 as the holiest of all numbers,
-thereupon they established the week of seven days, and built their
-temples in seven stages. The temples and palaces of Burma and China
-are seven-roofed.</p>
-
-<p>In modern times this number has kept up its reputation. Shakespeare
-paid special regard to it; the “seven ages” and every multiple of it
-is supposed to be a critical or important period in one’s life.</p>
-
-<p>A modern philosopher as follows apportions&mdash;</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above2"><span class="smcap">Man’s Full Extreme.</span></p>
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years in childhood, sport and play,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(7)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years in school from day to day,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(14)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years at trade or college life,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(21)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years to find a place and wife,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(28)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years to pleasure’s follies given,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(35)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years to business hardly driven,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(42)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years for some wild-goose chase,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(49)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years for wealth, a bootless race,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(56)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years of hoarding for your heir,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(63)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">7 years in weakness spent and care,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">(70)</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">And then you die and go&mdash;you know not</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;where.</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>Very many superstitious and curious ideas have been and still are
-connected with all our figures. For those interested in this subject
-see page 146&mdash;“How To Become Quick At Figures” (Student’s Edition).</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>“What’s the difference,” asked a teacher in arithmetic, “between one
-yard and two yards?” “A fence,” said Tommy Yates. Then Tommy sat on
-the ruler 14 times.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_179">179.</a> What relation is a woman to me who is
-my mother’s only child’s wife’s daughter?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE ADVANTAGES OF SKILFUL BOOK-KEEPING.</p>
-
-<p>If a merchant wishes to get pretty deeply in debt, and then get rid
-of his liabilities by bankruptcy&mdash;if, in fact, he proposes to himself
-to go systematically into the swindling business, and engage in
-wholesale pecuniary transactions without a shilling of his own, the
-first thing he should take care to learn would be the whole art of book-keeping.</p>
-
-<p>From what may occasionally be seen of the reports of the proceedings
-in bankruptcy, it is found that <i>well kept books</i> are regarded as
-quite a test of honesty, and though assets may have disappeared or
-never have existed, though large liabilities may have been incurred
-without any prospect of payment, the bankrupt will be complimented
-on the straight look of his dealings, if he has shown himself a good book-keeper.</p>
-
-<p>To common apprehension it would seem that well kept books would only
-help to show a reckless trader the ruinous result of his proceedings,
-and that while the man <i>without</i> books might flatter himself that
-all would come out right at last, the man with exact accounts would
-only get into hot water with his eyes open. If a man may trade on
-the capital of others without any of his own, and get excused on the
-ground that he has kept his books correctly, it is difficult to see
-why a thief who steals purses, &amp;c., may not plead in mitigation of
-punishment that he has carefully booked the whole of his transactions.</p>
-
-<p>It would be interesting to know the effect of producing a ledger
-on a trial for felony, as well as curious to observe whether a
-burglar would be leniently dealt with on the ground that his
-house-breaking accounts gave proof of his experience in the science
-of “double-entry.”</p>
-
-<p>Therefore it would be well for those interested to procure copies of
-“<span class="smcap">Re Accounts</span>” and “<span class="smcap">Advanced Thought on Accounts</span>.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE FIRM HE REPRESENTED.</p>
-
-<p>A commercial traveller handed a merchant upon whom he had called a
-portrait of his sweetheart in mistake for his business card, saying
-that he represented that establishment. The merchant examined it
-carefully, remarked that it was a fine establishment, and returned it
-to the astonished and blushing traveller with the hope that he would
-soon be admitted into partnership.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_180">180.</a> A man and a boy being paid for certain days’
-work, the man received 27s., and the boy, who had been absent 3 days out of
-the time, received 12s. Had the man, instead of the boy, been absent the
-3 days they would both have claimed an equal sum. Find out the wages
-of each per day.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_181">181.</a> The extremes of an arithmetical series are 21
-and 497, and the number of terms is 41. What is the common difference?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_182">182.</a> A wine which contains 7½ per cent. of spirit
-is frozen, and the ice which contains no spirit being removed the proportion of
-spirit in the wine is increased by 8¾ per cent. How much water in
-the shape of ice was removed from 504 gallons of the mixture?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE SHARP SELECTOR.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_183">183.</a> A selector rented a farm, and agreed to give his
-landlord two-fifths of the produce, but prior to the time of dividing the corn
-the selector used 45 bushels. When the general division was made it
-was proposed to give to the landlord 18 bushels from the heap in lieu
-of the share of the 45 bushels which the tenant had used, and then to
-begin and divide the remainder as though none had been used. Would
-this method have been correct?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A GOOD “AD.”</p>
-
-<p>A member of a certain firm appeared in a law court with a complaint
-that his partner would sell goods at less than cost price, and he
-desired to have him restrained. The defendant utterly denied the
-charge, and the case was adjourned for a fortnight. As the plaintiff
-went out of court he exclaimed in a tragic tone: “Then the sacrifice
-must still go on!” and “I’ll be ruined!” The story was noised
-abroad, and the result was that the shop was besieged by customers
-every day. There the case ended, for at the end of the fortnight
-the plaintiff failed to appear in court, having accomplished his
-purpose&mdash;advertisement.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_184">184.</a> I give 3 sovereigns for 2 dozen wine at different
-rates per dozen, and by selling the cheaper kind at a profit of 15 per cent.
-and the dearer at a loss of 8 per cent. I obtain a uniform price for
-both. What did each dozen cost me?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_185">185.</a> I have in my garden a shrub that grows 12 inches every
-day, but during the night it withers off to half the height that it was at the
-end of the previous day. How much short of 2 feet will it be at the end of a year?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">TIT-FOR-TAT.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_186">186.</a> A farmer puts a 3 lb. stone in a keg of butter
-worth 11d. a pound. The merchant cheats him out of 1 lb. on the weight, and
-then does him out of 1s. 11d. on calico, tobacco, and a shovel. Who is
-ahead, and how much?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_187">187.</a> Trains leave London and Edinburgh (400 miles apart)
-at the same time and meet after 5 hours; the train which leaves London travels 8
-miles an hour faster than that which leaves Edinburgh. At what rate
-did the former travel, and at what speed must the latter travel after
-they have met, in order that they both may reach their destinations
-at the same time?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>“GOOD ENOUGH!”</big></b></p>
-
-<p>“Will you give me a glass of beer, please?” asked a rather
-seedy-looking fellow with an old but well-brushed coat and almost too
-shiny a hat. It was produced by the barmaid, frothing over the edge
-of the tumbler.</p>
-
-<p>“Thank you,” said the recipient, as he placed it to his lips. Having
-finished it in a swallow, he smacked his lips and said, “That is very
-good beer&mdash;<i>very</i>! Whose is it?”</p>
-
-<p>“Why, that Perkins’s&mdash;&mdash;”</p>
-
-<p>“Ah! Perkins’s, is it! Well, give us another glass.”</p>
-
-<p>It was done; and holding it up to the light and looking through it,
-the connoisseur said:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“’Pon my word, it is grand beer&mdash;clear as Madeira! What a fine color!
-I must have some more of that; give me another glass.”</p>
-
-<p>The glass was filled again, but before putting it to his lips the
-imbiber said:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“<i>Whose</i> beer did you say this was?”</p>
-
-<p>“Perkins’s,” emphatically replied the barmaid.</p>
-
-<p>The contents of the glass was exhausted, as also the vocabulary of
-praise, and it only remained for the appreciative gentleman to say,
-as he wiped his mouth and went towards the door:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“Perkins’s beer, is it! I know Perkins very well; I shall see
-him soon, and will settle with him for three long glasses of his
-incomparable brew. Good morning.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>A Conspiracy.</big></b></p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_188">188.</a> Three gentlemen are going over a ferry with their
-three servants, who conspire to rob them if they can get one gentleman to
-two of them, or two to three, on either side of the ferry. They have
-a boat that will only carry two at once, and either a gentleman or a
-servant must bring back the boat each time a cargo of them goes over.
-How can the gentlemen get over with all their servants so as to avoid
-an attack?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_189">189.</a> Find two numbers whose product is equal to the
-difference of their squares, and the sum of their squares equal to the difference
-of their cubes?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_190">190.</a> Divide 1400 into such parts as shall have the
-same ratio as the cubes of the first four natural numbers.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>This was the tempting notice lately exhibited in the window of a
-dealer in cheap shirts: “They won’t last long at this price!”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">POSTING THE LEDGER.</p>
-
-<p>The well known author of several works on account-keeping, Mr.
-Yaldwyn, tells a rather good thing which actually occurred in New
-Zealand some time back. Mr. Yaldwyn was at the time engaged examining
-the books in one of the offices in a country town, and enquired
-from one of the clerks standing near if the ledger were posted.
-The person appealed to answered that “he didn’t know,” whereupon
-Mr. Y. said that he required it done, and with as little delay as
-possible. A few minutes later the same individual came rushing in and
-informed him that the ledger was “posted.” Such a piece of “lightning
-book-keeping” so surprised Mr. Y. that he further questioned the man,
-who replied “You said you wanted the ledger posted, and, begorra, I
-posted it.” It then dawned upon Mr. Yaldwyn that the clerk, who was
-an Irishman, had actually <i>posted</i> the book in the post office!</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THEY MANAGED IT.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_077.jpg" alt="_" width="500" height="300" />
-</div>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_191">191.</a> Billy and Tommy, two aboriginals, killed a kangaroo
-in the bush, and began quarrelling over the weight of the animal. They had no
-proper means of weighing it, but, knowing their own weights, Billy
-130 lbs. and Tommy 190 lbs., they placed a log of wood across a stump
-so that it balanced with one on each end. They then exchanged places,
-and, the lighter man taking the kangaroo on his knees, the log again
-balanced. What was the weight of the kangaroo?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_192">192.</a> A son asked his father how old he was, and
-received the following answer: “Your age is now one quarter of mine, but
-five years ago it was only one-fifth.” How old is the father?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_193">193.</a> Place three sixes together so as to make seven.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE PASSING TRAINS PUZZLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_194">194.</a> If through passenger trains running to and from New York
-and San Francisco daily start at the same hour from each place (difference
-of longitude not being considered) and take the same time&mdash;seven
-days&mdash;for the trip, how many such trains coming in an opposite
-direction will a train leaving New York meet before it arrives at San Francisco?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE SCHOOL-TEACHER “CAUGHT.”</p>
-
-<p>Two of our Public Schools were engaged playing a football match one
-afternoon. The head master of one of them had generously given the
-boys a half-holiday; but the gentleman who held the same capacity in
-the other school, not being an ardent admirer of Australia’s national
-game, refused to do so. When school assembled in the afternoon, a
-boy volunteered to ask the master for the desired holiday. When the
-question was put, he firmly answered, “No, no!” whereupon the bright
-youth called out: “Hurrah! we have our holiday; two negatives make an
-affirmative.” The teacher was so pleased at the boy’s sharpness that
-he dismissed the school right away.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_195">195.</a> A man arrives at the railway station nearest
-to his home 1½ hours before the time at which he had ordered his carriage to
-meet him. He sets out at once to walk at the rate of four miles an hour,
-and, meeting his carriage when it had travelled eight miles, reaches
-home exactly one hour earlier than he had originally expected. How
-far was his house from the station, and at what rate was his carriage driven?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“OFF THE TRACK.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_196">196.</a> A man starts to walk from a town, A, to a town B,
-a distance by road of 16 miles, at the rate of 4 miles an hour. There is a point
-C on the road, at which the road to B leads away to the right, and
-another road at right-angles to this latter goes to the left, “to no
-place in particular.” The unwary traveller gets on to this left hand
-road, and is walking for 2¼ hours since he left A, before he finds
-out his mistake, and he resolves not to go back to the junction,
-which is five miles away, but makes straight across the bush to B,
-and strikes it exactly. How long did it take to go from A to B?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">GAMBLING.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_197">197.</a> Three friends, A, B, and C, sit down to play cards.
-As a result of the first game, A lost to each of B and C as much money as they
-started to play with; the result of the second game B lost similarly
-to each of A and C; and in the third, C lost similarly to each of A
-and B;&mdash;and they then had 24s. each. What had they each at first?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><br /><b><big>This Sticks Them Up.</big></b></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_079_a.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="195" />
-</div>
-
-<p><br /><a href="#ans_198">198.</a> A, who is a dealer in horses, sells one to B
-for £55. B very soon discovers that he does not require the animal, and sells him
-back to A for £50. Now, A is not long in finding another customer for
-the horse: he sells it to C for £60. How much money does A make out
-of this transaction?</p>
-
-<p>This question has been the cause of endless discussion and argument.</p>
-
-<p>It might be as well to state that when A first sold the horse to B he
-neither made nor lost any money by the deal.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">SCRIPTURAL FINANCE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_199">199.</a> What is the earliest banking transaction mentioned
-in the Bible? The answer generally given to this is, “The check which Pharaoh
-received on the banks of the Red Sea, crossed by Moses &amp; Co.” There
-is still an earlier instance: see if you can find it out.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_200">200.</a> How much tea at 6s. per lb. must be mixed with
-12 lbs. at 3s. 8d. per lb. so that the mixture may be worth 4s. 4d. per lb.?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_079_b.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="71" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_201">201.</a> Place 17 little sticks&mdash;matches,
-for instance&mdash;making six equal squares, as in the margin, then remove
-five sticks and leave three perfect squares of the same size.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">FOR THE JEWELLER.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_202">202.</a> How much gold of 21 and 23 carats must be
-mixed with 30 oz of 20 carats, so that the mixture may be 22 carats?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">LONDON GRAMMAR.</p>
-
-<p>Three cockneys, being out one evening in a dense fog, came up to
-a building that they thus described. The first said, “There’s a
-<i>nouse</i>.” “No,” said the second, “It’s a <i>nut</i>.” The third exclaimed
-“You’re both wrong; it’s a <i>nin</i>!”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_203">203.</a> A draper sold 12 yards of cloth at 20s. per yard,
-and lost 10 per cent. What was the prime cost?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_204">204.</a> A jockey, on a horse galloping at the rate of 18
-miles an hour on the Flemington racecourse, passes in 30 minutes over the diameter
-and curve of a semi-circle. What area does he enclose by the ride?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_205">205.</a> How many trees 20 feet apart cover an acre?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0"><b>“Multiplication is vexation,</b></span>
-<span class="i0"><b>Division is as bad.</b></span>
-<span class="i0"><b>The rule of three, it puzzles me,</b></span>
-<span class="i0"><b>And fractions drive me mad.”</b></span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">MULTIPLY £19 19s. 11¾d. BY £19 19s. 11¾d.</p>
-
-<p>This very old question is continually cropping up, and will continue
-to do so as long as men are able to reckon. The answer generally
-given is £399 19s. 2d. and a fraction, and the method of working it
-out as follows:&mdash;</p>
-<p>£19 19s. 11¾d. = 19199 farthings.</p>
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc u">19199</td>
-        <td class="tdc" rowspan="2">&nbsp;x&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc u">19199</td>
-        <td class="tdc" rowspan="2">&nbsp;=&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc u">368601601</td>
-        <td class="tdc" rowspan="2">&nbsp;&emsp;and so on.</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">960</td>
-        <td class="tdr">960</td>
-        <td class="tdr">921600</td>
-
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Many adopt the following method:&mdash;</p>
-<p>£20 x £20 = £400</p>
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl" rowspan="4">¼d &nbsp;x&nbsp; ¼d &nbsp;=&nbsp; <sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>16</sub></td>
-        <td class="tdc" rowspan="4">&nbsp;&emsp;less</td>
-        <td class="tdr">£&nbsp;&emsp;s&nbsp;&ensp;&emsp;d&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl_bott" rowspan="4">&nbsp;&emsp;Ans.</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">£400&nbsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp; 0&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr u">&nbsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;<sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>16</sub></td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">£399 19 11 <sup>15</sup>&frasl;<sub>16</sub></td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>It would be possible to adopt other methods, each of which would give
-a different result.</p>
-
-<p>Properly speaking, <i>this sum cannot be done</i>.</p>
-
-<p>Multiplication is merely a contracted form of addition: it means
-taking a number or quantity a certain number of times. Every
-multiplication can be proved by addition. All numbers are <i>abstract</i>
-or <i>concrete</i>&mdash;3 is abstract, £3 is concrete.</p>
-
-<p>Two abstract numbers can be multiplied together&mdash;as, 4 times 3 = 12.</p>
-
-<ul class="index">
-<li class="ifrst">Proof:&nbsp; &emsp;3</li>
-<li class="isub4">3</li>
-<li class="isub4">3</li>
-<li class="isub4">3</li>
-<li class="isub3 over">&nbsp;12</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>One abstract number and one concrete number can be multiplied
-together&mdash;as 2s.&nbsp;multiplied&nbsp;by&nbsp;3&nbsp;=&nbsp;6s.</p>
-
-<ul class="index">
-<li class="ifrst">Proof:&nbsp; &emsp;2s.</li>
-<li class="isub4">2s.</li>
-<li class="isub4">2s.</li>
-<li class="isub4 over">&nbsp;6s.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>Two concrete numbers cannot be multiplied together.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>In the example just given, 2s. multiplied by 3, we see it simply
-means to write down 2s. three times, and by addition we discover the
-answer to be 6s. Suppose the reader lent a friend 2s. on Monday, 2s.
-on Tuesday, and 2s. on Wednesday, he has lent 2s. three times, making
-6s. lent in all.</p>
-
-<p>Now, we will attempt to multiply 2s. by 3s., but it is impossible
-to comprehend how many times is 3s. times. The answer to 2s. x 3s.
-usually given is 6s. On the same lines, we multiply 9d. by 10d., and
-our answer is&mdash;90d., that is 7s. 6d.&mdash;a greater product than 2s.
-multiplied by 3s.</p>
-
-<p>Although it is stated that two concrete numbers cannot be multiplied
-together, it should be borne in mind that we can multiply yards,
-feet, and inches, by yards, feet, and inches (length by breadth),
-which will result in square or cubic measure: 12 inches make 1 foot,
-and 3 feet make one yard, 144 square inches make 1 square foot, &amp;c.
-12 pence make 1 shilling, but how many square pence make 1 square shilling?</p>
-
-<p>The argument generally brought forward in favour of the performance
-of this problem is, that when the Rule of Three is applied to
-financial questions (such as interests, &amp;c.) money is multiplied by money.</p>
-
-<p>Example.&mdash;If the interest on £10 is 15s., what is the interest on £20?</p>
-
-<p class="center">As £10 : £20 :: 15s. : <i><b><big>x</big></b></i></p>
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc" rowspan="3">10</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
-        <td class="tdc" rowspan="3"><br />&nbsp;&emsp;Ans. 30s.</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc over">)300</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over">&nbsp;&emsp;30</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>The multiplication in the above is in appearance only, for all we get
-in the Rule of Three is the ratio between the sums of money and this
-ratio is an abstract number, and not concrete. On examination we find
-the ratio between £10 and £20; that the latter is double, or <i>two</i>
-times as much as the former, and not £2 times more than it.</p>
-
-<p>We extend a general invitation to all our readers who hold a
-different opinion to multiply three pints of Dewar’s Whisky by 6
-quarts of soda-water, but in case they might plead inability to
-perform this little feat, on conscientious grounds, we will extend
-the invitation to three cups of tea by six spoonfuls of sugar. And if
-any of them have a few pounds (say £10) in the Savings Bank we would
-advise “Don’t <i>add</i> any more deposits, but wait till you have £2,
-then proceed to the bank and multiply the £10 by the £2, and prove
-to the teller that you have £20 to your account. Be careful to take
-no less a sum than £2, or the result might be a little surprising,
-for if you take only £1, the teller might argue after he has received
-your sovereign that “ten ones are ten,” and then your £10 would
-remain the same.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_206">206.</a> What is the difference between six dozen dozen
-and half a dozen dozen?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>A TELL-TALE TABLE.</big></b></p>
-
-<p class="space-below2">There is a good deal of amusement in the following
-table. It will enable you to tell how old the young ladies are. Ask a young
-lady to tell you in which column or columns her age is found, add together
-the figures at the top of the columns in which she says her age is,
-and you have the secret. Suppose a young lady is 19. You will find
-that number in the first, second and fifth columns; add the first
-figures of these columns&mdash;1, 2 and 16&mdash;and you get the age.</p>
-
-<table  class="bl br" border="0" cellspacing="0" summary="_" cellpadding="8" rules="cols">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">1</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
-        <td class="tdr">4</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
-        <td class="tdr">16</td> <td class="tdr">32</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">3</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
-        <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdr">9</td>
-        <td class="tdr">17</td> <td class="tdr">33</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
-        <td class="tdr">6</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
-        <td class="tdr">18</td> <td class="tdr">34</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">7</td> <td class="tdr">7</td>
-        <td class="tdr">7</td> <td class="tdr">11</td>
-        <td class="tdr">19</td> <td class="tdr">35</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">9</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
-        <td class="tdr">12</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
-        <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdr">36</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">11</td> <td class="tdr">11</td>
-        <td class="tdr">13</td> <td class="tdr">13</td>
-        <td class="tdr">21</td> <td class="tdr">37</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">13</td> <td class="tdr">14</td>
-        <td class="tdr">14</td> <td class="tdr">14</td>
-        <td class="tdr">22</td> <td class="tdr">38</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">15</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
-        <td class="tdr">15</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
-        <td class="tdr">23</td> <td class="tdr">39</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">17</td> <td class="tdr">18</td>
-        <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdr">24</td>
-        <td class="tdr">24</td> <td class="tdr">40</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">19</td> <td class="tdr">19</td>
-        <td class="tdr">21</td> <td class="tdr">25</td>
-        <td class="tdr">25</td> <td class="tdr">41</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">21</td> <td class="tdr">22</td>
-        <td class="tdr">22</td> <td class="tdr">26</td>
-        <td class="tdr">26</td> <td class="tdr">42</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">23</td> <td class="tdr">23</td>
-        <td class="tdr">23</td> <td class="tdr">27</td>
-        <td class="tdr">27</td> <td class="tdr">43</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">25</td> <td class="tdr">26</td>
-        <td class="tdr">28</td> <td class="tdr">28</td>
-        <td class="tdr">28</td> <td class="tdr">44</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">27</td> <td class="tdr">27</td>
-        <td class="tdr">29</td> <td class="tdr">29</td>
-        <td class="tdr">29</td> <td class="tdr">45</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">29</td> <td class="tdr">30</td>
-        <td class="tdr">30</td> <td class="tdr">30</td>
-        <td class="tdr">30</td> <td class="tdr">46</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">31</td> <td class="tdr">31</td>
-        <td class="tdr">31</td> <td class="tdr">31</td>
-        <td class="tdr">31</td> <td class="tdr">47</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">33</td> <td class="tdr">34</td>
-        <td class="tdr">36</td> <td class="tdr">40</td>
-        <td class="tdr">48</td> <td class="tdr">48</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">35</td> <td class="tdr">35</td>
-        <td class="tdr">37</td> <td class="tdr">41</td>
-        <td class="tdr">49</td> <td class="tdr">49</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">37</td> <td class="tdr">38</td>
-        <td class="tdr">38</td> <td class="tdr">42</td>
-        <td class="tdr">50</td> <td class="tdr">50</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">39</td> <td class="tdr">39</td>
-        <td class="tdr">39</td> <td class="tdr">43</td>
-        <td class="tdr">51</td> <td class="tdr">51</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">41</td> <td class="tdr">42</td>
-        <td class="tdr">44</td> <td class="tdr">44</td>
-        <td class="tdr">52</td> <td class="tdr">52</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">43</td> <td class="tdr">43</td>
-        <td class="tdr">45</td> <td class="tdr">45</td>
-        <td class="tdr">53</td> <td class="tdr">53</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">45</td> <td class="tdr">46</td>
-        <td class="tdr">46</td> <td class="tdr">46</td>
-        <td class="tdr">54</td> <td class="tdr">54</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">47</td> <td class="tdr">47</td>
-        <td class="tdr">47</td> <td class="tdr">47</td>
-        <td class="tdr">55</td> <td class="tdr">55</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">49</td> <td class="tdr">50</td>
-        <td class="tdr">52</td> <td class="tdr">56</td>
-        <td class="tdr">56</td> <td class="tdr">56</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">51</td> <td class="tdr">51</td>
-        <td class="tdr">53</td> <td class="tdr">57</td>
-        <td class="tdr">57</td> <td class="tdr">57</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">53</td> <td class="tdr">54</td>
-        <td class="tdr">54</td> <td class="tdr">58</td>
-        <td class="tdr">58</td> <td class="tdr">58</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">55</td> <td class="tdr">55</td>
-        <td class="tdr">55</td> <td class="tdr">59</td>
-        <td class="tdr">59</td> <td class="tdr">59</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">57</td> <td class="tdr">58</td>
-        <td class="tdr">60</td> <td class="tdr">60</td>
-        <td class="tdr">60</td> <td class="tdr">60</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">59</td> <td class="tdr">59</td>
-        <td class="tdr">61</td> <td class="tdr">61</td>
-        <td class="tdr">61</td> <td class="tdr">61</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">61</td> <td class="tdr">62</td>
-        <td class="tdr">62</td> <td class="tdr">62</td>
-        <td class="tdr">62</td> <td class="tdr">62</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">63</td> <td class="tdr">63</td>
-        <td class="tdr">63</td> <td class="tdr">63</td>
-        <td class="tdr">63</td> <td class="tdr">63</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">COIN PUZZLE.</p>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_082.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="96" />
-</div>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_207">207.</a> Place four florins alternately with four pennies,
-and in four moves, moving two adjacent coins each time, bring the florins
-together and the pence together. When finished there must be no
-spaces between the coins.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_208">208.</a> If 2 be added to the numerator of a certain fraction,
-it is made equal to one-fifth, whilst if 2 be taken from the denominator it
-becomes equal to one-sixth. Find the fraction.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">EUCLID.&mdash;<span class="smcap">The Famous Forty-Seventh.</span></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_083_a.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="197" />
-    <p class="f120"><b>Fig. 1.</b></p>
-</div>
-<p>“<i>In any right-angled triangle, the square which is described
-upon the side opposite to the right-angle is equal to the squares
-described upon the sides which contain the right-angle.</i>”</p>
-
-<p>Here is a simple way of proving this proposition. Although perhaps
-not exactly scholastic, it is none the less interesting.</p>
-
-<p>Draw an exact square, whose sides measure 7 in.; then divide it into
-49 square inches. Having done this, cut the figure in following the
-big lines as shown by Fig 1. It will be observed that C is a complete
-square, and that A and B will form a square: but as D is 1 in. short
-of being a square, it is necessary to cut a square inch and add it on.</p>
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_083_b.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="223" />
-    <p class="f120"><b>Fig. 2.</b></p>
-</div>
-
-<p>Then construct a right-angled triangle as shown by Figure 2.</p>
-
-<p>We then see that the sum of the two small squares is equivalent to
-the large square.</p>
-
-<ul class="index"><li>&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;D contains&nbsp; 9 small squares.</li>
-<li class="ifrst">A &amp; B&nbsp;  &nbsp;&emsp;do.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;16&nbsp; &nbsp;  &emsp;do.</li>
-<li class="isub4 over">25</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>And as we see that C has 25 small squares, it is thus proved that the
-sum of the squares upon the sides which contain the right angle are
-equal to the squares upon the side opposite the right angle.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Q.E.D.</i></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE GREAT FISH PROBLEM.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_209">209.</a> There is a fish the head of which is 9 in. long, the
-tail is as long as the head and half the back, and the back is as long as the
-head and tail together. What is the length of the fish?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_210">210.</a> How may 100 be expressed with four nines?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_211">211.</a> Two shepherds, A and B, meeting on the road, began
-talking of the number of sheep each had, when A said to B, “Give me one of your
-sheep, and I will have as many as you.” “Oh, no!” replied B; “give me
-one of yours, and I will have as many again as you.” How many sheep had each?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A BRICK PUZZLE.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">One for Builders, Contractors, &amp;c.</span></p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_212">212.</a> Suppose the measurements of a brick to be:&mdash;Length,
-9 in.; breadth, 4½ in.; depth, 3 in. How many “stretchers, headers and
-closures” can be cut out of one, and what would be the face area of same?</p>
-
-<p>For the benefit of the uninitiated we might say that</p>
-<p class="no-indent">“stretcher” = length of brick &nbsp;x&nbsp; depth<br />
-“header”&nbsp; &nbsp; = breadth&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &emsp;&emsp;"<br />
-“closure”&nbsp; &nbsp;= half-breadth&nbsp; &emsp;"</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_213">213.</a> A woman has a basket of 150 eggs; for every
-1½ goose egg she has 2½ duck eggs and 3½ hen eggs. How many of each had she?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>The Great Chess Problem.</big></b></p>
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_084.jpg" alt="_" width="50" height="81" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center">THE KNIGHT MOVE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_214">214.</a> Move the Knight over all the 64 squares of the
-chess board so as to successively cover each square and, of course, not enter
-any square twice. This problem has always proved to be an interesting
-one. Mathematicians throughout all ages have devoted a good deal of
-time to it. To chess players it should be especially attractive.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_215">215.</a> If 3 times a certain number be taken from 7 times
-the same number the remainder will be 8. What is the number?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_216">216.</a> Divide £27 among 3 persons, A, B and C, so
-that B may have twice as much as A, and C 3 times as much as B.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">ANSWER THIS.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_217">217.</a> Suppose it were possible for a man in Sydney to start
-on Sunday noon, January 1st, and travel westward with the sun, so that it might
-be in his meridian all the time, he would arrive at Sydney next day
-at noon, Monday, Jan. 2nd. Now, it was Sunday noon when he started,
-it was noon with him all the way round, and is Monday noon when he
-returns. The question is, at what point did it change from Sunday to Monday?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_218">218.</a> Start with 1 and keep on doubling for eight times,
-thus giving nine numbers, and arrange them in a square that when multiplied
-together, horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, the product of each row
-will be the cube of the number which must go in the centre of the square.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>The happiest year in a man’s life is 40; for then he can XL.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>Bound to Win!</big></b></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_085.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="187" />
-</div>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_219">219.</a> A certain gentleman, who was employed in one of our city
-offices, purchased <span class="smcap">The Doctrine of Chance</span>, which he studied
-in his spare time, with the result that he sent in his resignation to
-the head of the firm in order to try his luck on the racecourse.</p>
-
-<p>At the first meeting he attended, there were only three horses in a
-race. His brother bookmakers were crying out the odds&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“Two to 1 bar one.”</p>
-
-<p>The odds on this latter horse which was “barred” he discovered to be 6 to 4
-<i>on</i>. He determined to give far more liberal odds, and called out&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“Even money, 2 to 1, and 3 to 1.”</p>
-
-<p>How could he give such odds, and yet win £1, <i>no matter which horse
-wins the race</i>?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">AN INCH OF RAIN.</p>
-
-<p>How many people really consider what is contained in the expression?
-Calculated, it amounts to this:&mdash;An acre is equal to 6,272,640 square
-inches; an inch deep of water on this area will be as many cubic
-inches of water, which, at 277·274 inches to the gallon, is 22622·5
-gallons. The quantity weighs 226,225 lbs. Thus, an “inch of rain” is
-over 100 tons of water to the acre.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>Extract from a small boy’s first essay:&mdash;“Man has two hans. One is
-the rite han an one is the left han. The rite han is fur ritin, and
-the left han is fur leftin. Both hans at once is fur stummik ake.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_220">220.</a> Find the side of a square whose area is
-equal to twice the sum of its sides?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“THE EVIDENCE YOU NOW GIVE, &amp;c., &amp;c.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_221">221.</a> Smith, Brown, and Jones were witnesses in a law
-case. The first-named gentleman swore that a certain thing occurred; Brown, on
-being called, confirmed Smith’s statement, but Jones denied it. They
-are known to tell the truth as follows:&mdash;</p>
-
-<ul class="index">
-<li class="isub1">Smith,&emsp;once in&nbsp; 3 times</li>
-<li>Brown,&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;  &nbsp;" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5&nbsp;&emsp;"</li>
-<li>Jones,&nbsp; &nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;  &nbsp;"&emsp;10&nbsp;  &nbsp;"</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>What is the probability that the statement is true?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>When a man attains the age of 90 years, he may be termed XC-dingly old.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<h2>Examination Gems.</h2>
-
-<p>A school examination room might not to a casual observer seem to be a
-very likely place to find entertainment. However, the answers often
-given by pupils are sometimes excruciatingly funny, as is proved by
-the following:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1"><span class="smcap">Definitions.</span></p>
-
-<p>Function.&mdash;“When a fellow feels in a funk.”</p>
-
-<p>Quotation.&mdash;“The answer to a division sum.”</p>
-
-<p>Civil War.&mdash;“When each side gives way a little.”</p>
-
-<p>The Four Seasons.&mdash;“Pepper, mustard, salt and vinegar.”</p>
-
-<p>Alias.&mdash;“Means otherwise&mdash;he was tall, but she was alias.”</p>
-
-<p>Compurgation.&mdash;“When he was going to have anything done to him, and
-if he could get anyone to say, ‘not innocent,’ he was let off.”</p>
-
-<p>The Equator.&mdash;“Means the sun. Suppose we draw a straight line and the
-sun goes up to the top, then it is day, and when it comes down it is
-night.”</p>
-
-<p>Precession.&mdash;“(1) When things happen before they take place. (2) The
-arrival of the equator in the plane of the ecliptic before it is due.”</p>
-
-<p>Demagogue.&mdash;“A vessel that holds beer, wine, gin, whisky, or any
-other intoxicating liquor.”</p>
-
-<p>Chimera.&mdash;“A thing used to take likenesses with.”</p>
-
-<p>Watershed.&mdash;“A place in which boats are stored in winter.”</p>
-
-<p>Gender.&mdash;“Is the way whereby we tell what sex a man is.”</p>
-
-<p>Cynical.&mdash;“A cynical lump of sugar is one pointed at the top.”</p>
-
-<p>Immaculate.&mdash;“State of those who have passed the entrance examination
-at the University.”</p>
-
-<p>Frantic.&mdash;“Means wild. I picked up some frantic flowers.”</p>
-
-<p>Nutritious.&mdash;“Something to eat that aint got no taste to it.”</p>
-
-<p>Repugnant.&mdash;“One who repugs.”</p>
-
-<p>Memory.&mdash;“The thing you forget with.”</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1"><span class="smcap">History.</span></p>
-
-<p>“Without the uses of History everything goes to the bottom. It is a
-most interesting study when you know something about it.”</p>
-
-<p>“Oliver Cromwell was a man who was put into prison for his
-interference in Ireland. When he was in prison he wrote ‘The
-Pilgrim’s Progress,’ and married a lady called Mrs. O’Shea.”</p>
-
-<p>“Wolsey was a famous General who fought in the Crimean war, and who,
-after being decapitated several times, said to Cromwell, ‘Ah, if I
-had only served you as you have served me, I would not have been
-deserted in my old age.’ He was the founder of the Wesleyan Chapel,
-and was afterwards called Lord Wellington. A monument was erected to
-him in Hyde Park, but it has been taken down lately.”</p>
-
-<p>“Perkin Warbeck raised a rebellion in the reign of Henry VIII.
-He said he was the son of a Prince, but he was really the son of respectable people.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Which do you consider the greater General, Cæsar or Hannibal? “If we
-consider who Cæsar and Hannibal were, the age in which they lived,
-and the kind of men they commanded, and then ask ourselves which was
-the greater, we shall be obliged to reply in the affirmative.”</p>
-
-<p>Why was it that his great discovery was not properly appreciated
-until after Columbus was dead? “Because he did not advertise.”</p>
-
-<p>What were the slaves and servants of the King called in England?
-“Serfs, vassals, and vaselines.”</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1"><span class="smcap">Divinity.</span></p>
-
-<p>Parable.&mdash;“A heavenly story with no earthly meaning.”</p>
-
-<p>“Esau was a man who wrote fables, and who sold the copyright to a
-publisher for a bottle of potash.”</p>
-
-<p>What is Divine right? “The liberty to do what you like in church.”</p>
-
-<p>What is a Papal bull? “A sort of cow, only larger, and does not give milk.”</p>
-
-<p>“Titus was a Roman Emperor, supposed to have written the Epistle to
-the Hebrews. His other name was Oates.”</p>
-
-<p>Explain the difference between the religious belief of the Jews and
-Samaritans? “The Jews believed in the synagogue, and had their Sunday
-on a Saturday; but the Samaritans believed in the Church of England
-and worshipped in groves of oak; therefore the Jews had no dealings
-with the Samaritans.”</p>
-
-<p>Give two instances in the Bible where an animal spoke? “(1) Balaam’s
-ass. (2) When the whale said unto Jonah, ‘Almost thou persuadest me
-to be a Christian.’”</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1"><span class="smcap">Mathematics.</span></p>
-
-<p>A Problem.&mdash;“Something you can’t find out.”</p>
-
-<p>Hypotenuse.&mdash;“A certain thing is given to you, or it means let it be
-granted that such and such a thing is equal or unequal to something
-else.”</p>
-
-<p>“If there are no units in a number you have to fill it up with all
-zeros.”</p>
-
-<p>“Units of any order are expressed by writing in the place of the
-order.”</p>
-
-<p>“A factor is sometimes a faction.”</p>
-
-<p>“If fractions have a common denominator, find the difference in the
-denominator.”</p>
-
-<p>“Interest on interest is confound interest.”</p>
-
-<p class="center space-above1"><span class="smcap">Grammar.</span></p>
-
-<p>“Grammar is the way you speak in 9 different parts of speech; it is
-an art divided in 4 quarters&mdash;tortology is one, and sintax one more.”</p>
-
-<p>An Abstract Noun.&mdash;“Something you can think of, but not touch&mdash;a
-red-hot poker.”</p>
-
-<p>An Article.&mdash;“That wich begins words and sentences.”</p>
-
-<p>A Pronoun “is when you don’t want to say a noun, and so you say a
-pronoun.”</p>
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p>
-<p>“A Adjective is the colour of a noun, a black dog is a adjective.”</p>
-
-<p>“Adjectives of more than one syllable are repaired by adding
-some more syllables.”</p>
-
-<p>“Nouns are the names of everything that is common and has
-a proper name.”</p>
-
-<p>Verb.&mdash;“To go for a swim is a verb what you do.”</p>
-
-<p>“Adverbs are verbs that end with a lie and distinguish words. It is
-used to mortify a noun, and is a person, place, or thing, sometimes
-it is turned into a noun and then becomes a noun or pronoun.”</p>
-
-<p>“Preposition means when you say anything of anything.”</p>
-
-<p>“Conjunction means what joins things together; ‘&mdash;and 2 men shook
-hands.’”</p>
-
-<p>“Nouns denoting male and female and things without sex is neuter.
-‘The cow jumped over the fence’ is a transitif nuter verb because
-fence isen’t the name of anything and has no sex.”</p>
-
-<p>Interjection.&mdash;“Words which you use when you sing out.”</p>
-
-<p>“Gender is how you tell what sex a man is.”</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>Which Hand is It In?</big></b></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_088.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="171" />
-</div>
-
-<p>A person having in one hand a piece of gold, and in the other a piece
-of silver, you may tell in which hand he has the gold, and in which
-the silver, by the following method:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>Some even number (such as 8) must be given to the gold, and an odd
-number (such as 3) must be given to the silver; after which, tell the
-person to multiply the number in the right hand by any even number
-whatever, and that in the left hand by an odd number; then bid him
-add together the two products, and if the whole sum be odd, the gold
-will be in the right hand and the silver in the left; if the sum be
-even, the contrary will be the case.</p>
-
-<p>To conceal the artifice better, it will be sufficient to ask whether
-the sum of the two products can be halved without a remainder&mdash;for in
-that case the total will be even, and in the contrary case odd.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_222">222.</a> Which is the heavier, and by how much&mdash;a
-pound of gold or a pound of feathers; an ounce of gold or an ounce of feathers?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_223">223.</a> Plant an orchard of 21 trees, so that there shall
-be 9 straight rows with 5 trees in each row, the outline to be a regular
-geometrical figure.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">SETTLING UP.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_224">224.</a> A person paid a debt of £5 with sovereigns and
-half-crowns. Now, there were half the number of sovereigns that there were half-crowns.
-How many were there of each?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A “CATCH.”</p>
-
-<p class="center space-below1"><b><big>|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|
-&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|
-&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|&emsp;|</big></b></p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_225">225.</a> How can you rub out 20 marks on a slate,
-have only five rubs, and rub out every time an odd one?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_226">226.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">From six take nine, from nine take ten,</span>
-<span class="i0">From forty take fifty, and six will remain.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_227">227.</a> A man and his wife lived in wedlock, one-third of
-his age and one-fourth of hers. Now, the man was eight years older than his wife
-at marriage, and she survived him 20 years. How old were they when married?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">TO PROVE THAT YOU HAVE ELEVEN FINGERS.</p>
-
-<p>Count all the fingers of the two hands, then commence to count
-backwards on one hand, saying, “10, 9, 8, 7, 6” (with emphasis on
-the <i>6</i>), and hold up the other hand saying, “and 5 makes 11.” This
-simple deception has often puzzled many.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_228">228.</a> A man travelled a certain journey at the rate of
-four miles an hour, and returned at the rate of three miles an hour. He took 21
-hours in going and returning. What was the total distance gone over?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_229">229.</a> From what height above the earth will a person
-see one-third of its surface?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_230">230.</a> The difference between <sup>17</sup>&frasl;<sub>21</sub>
-and <sup>11</sup>&frasl;<sub>14</sub> of a certain sum is £10. What is the sum?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_231">231.</a> What decimal fraction is a second of a day?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_232">232.</a> Two trains are running on parallel lines in the
-same direction at rates respectively 45 miles and 35 miles an hour; the length of
-the first is 17 yds. 2 ft., and of the second 70 yds. 1 ft. How long
-will the one be in passing the other?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_233">233.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">Suppose a bushel to be exactly round,</span>
-<span class="i0">And the depth, when measured, eight inches be found;</span>
-<span class="i0">If the breadth 18·789 inches you discover,</span>
-<span class="i0">This bushel is legal all England over:</span>
-<span class="i0">But a workman would make one of another frame,</span>
-<span class="i0">Seven inches and a half the depth of the same;</span>
-<span class="i0">Now say of what length must the diameter be,</span>
-<span class="i0">That it may with the former in measure agree.</span>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">WORTH TRYING.</p>
-
-<p>A well known writer on mathematics, and a member of the Academy of
-Science, Paris, says that the most skilful calculator could not in
-less than a month find within a unit the cube root of
-696536483318640035073641037.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A PROBLEM THAT WORRIED THE ANCIENTS.</p>
-
-<p>Many profound works have been written on the following famous
-problem:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“When a man says ‘I lie,’ does he lie, or does he not? If he lies he
-speaks the truth; if he speaks the truth he lies.”</p>
-
-<p>Several philosophers studied themselves to death in vain attempts to
-solve it. Reader, have a “go” at it.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE CABINET MAKER’S PUZZLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_234">234.</a> A cabinet maker has a circular piece of veneering
-with which he has to veneer the tops of two oval stools; but it so happens that the
-area of the stools, exclusive of the hand-holes in the centre and
-that of the circular piece, are the same. How must he cut his veneer
-so as to be exactly sufficient for his purpose?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE ARITHMETICAL TRIANGLE.</p>
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="8" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">2,</td> <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">3,</td> <td class="tdr">3,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">4,</td> <td class="tdr">6,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">4,</td> <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">5,</td> <td class="tdr">10,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">10,</td> <td class="tdr">5,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">6,</td> <td class="tdr">15,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">20,</td> <td class="tdr">15,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">6,</td> <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">7,</td> <td class="tdr">21,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">35,</td> <td class="tdr">35,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">21,</td> <td class="tdr">7,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">8,</td> <td class="tdr">28,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">56,</td> <td class="tdr">70,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">56,</td> <td class="tdr">28,</td>
-        <td class="tdr">8,</td> <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td>
-    </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Write down the numbers 1, 2, 3, &amp;c., as far as you please in a
-column. On the right hand of 2 place 1, add them together and place
-3 under the 1; the 3 added to 3 = 6, which place under the 3, and
-so on; this gives the second column. The third is found from the
-second in a similar way. By the triangle we can determine how many
-combinations can be made, taking any number at a time out of a larger
-number. For instance, a group of 8 gentlemen agreed that they should
-visit the Crystal Palace 3 at a time, and that the visits should be
-continued daily as long as a different three could be selected. In
-how many days were the possible combinations of 3 out of 8 completed?</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Method</span>: Look down the first column till you come to 8, then
-see what number is horizontal with it in the third column, viz., 56.
-(For the method usually adopted for working out calculations like the
-above, see <span class="smcap">Doctrine of Chance</span>.)</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_235">235.</a> Why is a pound note more valuable than a sovereign?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">KEEPING UP STYLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_235">236.</a> A certain hotelkeeper was never at a loss to produce
-a large appearance with small means. In the dining-room were three tables,
-between which he could divide 21 bottles of wine, of which 7 only
-were full, 7 half-full, and 7 apparently just emptied, and in such a
-manner that each table had the same number of bottles and the same
-quantity of wine. How did he manage it?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A DOMINO TRICK.</p>
-
-<p>Ask the company to arrange the whole set of dominoes whilst you are
-absent in any way they please, subject, however, to domino rules&mdash;a
-6 placed next to a 6, a 5 to a 5, and so on. You now return and
-state that you can tell, without seeing them, what the numbers are
-at either end of the chain. The secret lies in the fact that the
-complete set of 28 dominoes, arranged as above-mentioned, forms a
-circle or endless chain. If arranged in a line the two end numbers
-will be found to be the same, and may be brought together, completing
-the circle. You privately abstract one domino (not a double), thus
-causing a break in the chain. The numbers left at the ends of the
-line will then be the same as those of the “missing link” (say the
-3-5 or 6-2.) The trick may be repeated, but you must not forget to
-exchange the stolen domino for another.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>237. A busman not having room in his stables for eight
-of his horses increased his stable by one half, and then had room for eight more
-than his whole number. How many horses had he?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">AN ANCIENT QUESTION.</p>
-
-<p>238. “Tell us, illustrious Pythagoras how many pupils frequent
-thy school?” “One-half,” replied the philosopher, “study mathematics, one
-fourth natural philosophy, one-seventh observe silence, and there are
-3 females besides.” How many had he?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">EVADING THE QUESTION.</p>
-
-<p>239. A lady being asked her age, and not wishing to give
-a direct answer, said, “I have nine children, and three years elapsed between
-the birth of each of them. The eldest was born when I was 19 years
-old, and the youngest now is exactly 19.” How old was she?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">A ’CENTAGE “CATCH.”</p>
-
-<p>240. A man sells a diamond for £60; the number expressing
-the profit per cent. is equal to half the number expressing the cost. What was the cost?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>241. Having 5½ hours to spare, how far may I go out by a coach at the rate
-of 8 miles an hour so that I may be back in time, walking at the rate of three miles an hour?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>The Cross Puzzle.</big></b></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_092.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="158" />
-</div>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_242">242.</a> Cut out of a piece of card five pieces similar
-in shape and proportion to the annexed figures.</p>
-
-<ul class="index">
-<li>1 piece&nbsp; similar to 1</li>
-<li>3 pieces&nbsp; &nbsp; "&nbsp; &nbsp; "&emsp;&nbsp; 2</li>
-<li>1 piece&nbsp; &nbsp;  "&nbsp; &nbsp; "&emsp;&nbsp; 3</li>
-</ul>
-
-<p>These five pieces are then to be so joined as to form a cross like
-that represented by 4.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>Irish Counting.</big></b></p>
-
-<p>An Irishman who had lately arrived in the colony was employed as
-handy man at one of our large suburban mansions. The lady of the
-house, hearing that some midnight thief had walked off with some of
-her prize poultry, desired Pat to count them as speedily as possible
-and to inform her how many there were; he accordingly left off
-cleaning the buggy, and proceeded to enumerate the feathered bipeds.
-The lady, getting impatient of waiting for him, repaired to the
-poultry yard, and noticing him chasing a small chicken, enquired,
-“Pat, whatever are you doing!” when the Irishman replied; “I’ve
-counted all the chickens except this one; but the little varmint
-won’t stand still till I count him.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE JEW “JEWED.”</p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_092_a.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="197" />
-</div>
-<p><a href="#ans_243">243.</a> An old Jew took a diamond cross to a jeweller to
-have the diamonds re-set, and fearing that the jeweller might be dishonest
-he counted the diamonds, and found that they numbered 7 in three
-different ways. Now, the jeweller stole two diamonds, but arranged
-the remainder so that they counted 7 each way as before. How was it done?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_244">244.</a> A person wishing to enclose a piece of ground with
-palisades found that if he set them a foot apart that he should have too few by
-150, but if he set them a yard apart he should have too many by 70.
-How many had he?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_245">245.</a> A mechanic is hired for 60 days on consideration
-that for each day he works he shall receive 7s. 6d., but for each day he is idle
-he shall pay 2s. 6d. for his board, and at the end he receives £6. How
-many days did he work?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_246">246.</a> Take one from nineteen and leave twenty.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE CAMEL PROBLEM.</p>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_093.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="184" />
-</div>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_247">247.</a> An Arab Sheik, when departing this life, left the
-whole of his property to his three sons. The property consisted of 17 camels, and
-in dividing it the following proportions were to be observed:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>The oldest son was to have one-half of the camels, the second son
-one-third, and the youngest son one-ninth; but it was provided that
-the camels were not, on any account, to be injured, but to be divided
-as they were&mdash;living&mdash;between the three sons.</p>
-
-<p>Thereupon, a great argument ensued. The eldest son claimed 8½
-camels. The second insisted upon receiving 5⅔ of a camel; while
-the youngest son would not be comforted with less than 1 <sup>8</sup>&frasl;<sub>9</sub>
-of a camel. The Cadi (or Judge) happened to appear on the scene. To him
-the matter was explained. Without a moment’s hesitation he gave his
-decision&mdash;a decision by which the claims of all three contestants
-were fully satisfied.</p>
-
-<p>How did the Cadi settle this knotty question?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_248">248.</a> A grocer has 6 weights&mdash;each one twice as much as
-the one before it in size. If he weighed the first five against the largest, it (the
-largest) would only be 2 lbs. heavier than the combined weights of
-the rest. What are the weights?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_249">249.</a> A squatter said to a new manager, whom he wished
-to test in arithmetic: “I have as many pigs as I have cattle and horses, and
-if I had twice as many horses I should then have as many horses as
-cattle, and I should also have 13 more cattle and horses than pigs.”
-How many of each had he?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<p><a href="#ans_250">250.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">A gentleman a garden had, five score<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>
-                 long and four score broad;</span>
-<span class="i0">A walk of equal width half round he made, which took up half the ground&mdash;</span>
-<span class="i0">You skilful in Geometry, tell us how wide the walk must be.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p>
-<a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2">
-<span class="label">[2]</span></a> Feet.</p></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_251">251.</a> Two boys, meeting at a farmhouse, had a mug of
-milk set down to them; the one, being very thirsty, drank till he could see the
-centre of the bottom of the mug; the other drank the rest. Now, if
-we suppose that the milk cost 4½d., and that the mug measured 4
-inches diameter at the top and bottom, and 6 inches in depth, what
-would each boy have to pay in proportion to the milk he drank?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>Weight-for-Age Problem.</big></b></p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_252">252.</a> There are 6 children seated at a table whose total
-ages amount to 39 years. Tom, who is only half the age of Jack (the oldest) is
-seated at the top, with Bob&mdash;who is a year older than him&mdash;next;
-whilst Fred, who is four-fifths the age of Jack, is at the foot with
-James, who is 1 year younger than Jack, next, him; the youngest, who
-is a baby, is one-eighth the age of her brother Fred. Find the ages
-of each, and weight of Fred, and by placing him third from the top
-his initial and surname. You must express the ages in words, and use
-the initial letters.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_253">253.</a></p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i0">A flagstaff there was whose height I would know,</span>
-<span class="i0">The sun shining clear straight to work I did go.</span>
-<span class="i0">The length of the shadow, upon level ground,</span>
-<span class="i0">Just sixty-five feet, when measured I found;</span>
-<span class="i0">A pole I had there just five feet in length&mdash;</span>
-<span class="i0">The length of its shadow was four feet one-tenth</span>
-<span class="i0">How high was the flagstaff I gladly would know;</span>
-<span class="i0">And it is the thing you’re desired to show.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_254">254.</a> Put 4 figures together to equal 30,
-and the same figures to equal 40.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_255">255.</a> A Salvation Army captain took up a collection,
-his lieutenant took up another; if what the captain took up was squared and the
-lieutenant’s added the sum would be 11d.; if what the lieutenant took
-up was squared and the captain’s added the sum would be 7d. What was
-the amount of the collection?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_256">256.</a> Find a number which, if multiplied by 17,
-gives a product consisting only of 3’s.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE “FOWL” PROBLEM.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_257">257.</a> If a hen and a half lay an egg and a half in
-a day and a half, how many eggs will 6 hens lay in 7 days?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_258">258.</a> Tom and Bill work 5 days each. Tom has as much and
-half as much per day as Bill. The total amount of their wages for the 5 days is £1
-17s. 6d. What are their respective wages per day?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_259">259.</a> How many ¼ inch cubes can be cut out of a 2½ inch cube?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_260">260.</a></p>
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="8" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">miles.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">furl. </td> <td class="tdc">po.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">yds.</td> <td class="tdc">ft.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">in.</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&emsp;From</td> <td class="tdc">1</td>
-        <td class="tdc">0</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;0</td>
-        <td class="tdc">0</td> <td class="tdc">0</td>
-        <td class="tdc">0</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Subtract</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">7</td> <td class="tdc">39</td>
-        <td class="tdc">5</td> <td class="tdc">1</td>
-        <td class="tdc">5</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>THE SQUARE PUZZLE.</big></b></p>
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_095.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="149" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><a href="#ans_261">261.</a> A man has a square of land, out
-of which he reserves one-fourth (as shown in the diagram) for himself. The remainder
-he wishes to divide among his four sons so that each will have an equal share and
-in similar shape with his brother. How can he divide it?</p>
-
-<p>Although this is a very old puzzle it is often the cause of much amusement.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">GENEROUS.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_262">262.</a> A gentleman, having a certain number of shillings
-in his possession, made up his mind to visit 17 different barracks and treat
-the soldiers, and he did so in the following manner:&mdash;On going into
-the first barracks, he gave the sentry one shilling and then spent
-half of his shillings in the canteen amongst the soldiers, and on
-coming out of barracks again he gave the sentry another shilling;
-he repeated the same until he had finished with the seventeenth
-barracks, and had no more shillings left. How many had he when he commenced?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_263">263.</a> What part of 3 is a third part of 2?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_264">264.</a> Make 91 less by adding two figures to it.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_265">265.</a> If a church bell takes two seconds to strike
-the hour at 2 o’clock, how many seconds will it take to strike 3 o’clock?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THIS CATCHES EVERYBODY.</p>
-
-<p>Ask a friend how many penny stamps make a dozen? He will reply, “Why,
-twelve, of course.” Then ask again, “Well, how many half-penny ones?”
-He is almost sure to reply, “Twenty-four.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<p>Before he settles his account with nature, man charges the debit
-of his profit and loss account to Fate, but the credit he takes to himself.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">THE PUZZLE ABOUT THE “PROFITS.”</p>
-
-<p>Perhaps there is no form of commercial calculation so confusing
-and so little understood as that of mercantile profits. It might
-surprise many to state, nevertheless it is perfectly true, that it is
-impossible to buy goods and sell them to show a profit as great as
-100 per cent.</p>
-
-<p>The correct method to calculate profit is to reckon on the
-<i>return</i>&mdash;the price received for the goods sold&mdash;<i>not on
-the cost price</i>, and as it is impossible to sell goods at 100 per
-cent. discount, so also goods cannot be sold to show that percentage
-of profit, unless they actually cost nothing.</p>
-
-<p>Some time ago, in New Zealand, a well-known boot manufacturer had a
-“GREAT DISCOUNT SALE.“ He had large posters displayed on the windows
-of his shops, and advertisements in the newspapers, announcing the
-fact that 5s. in the £ would be allowed as discount to all customers.
-The profit he usually obtained in the ordinary way of trade was 25
-per cent., and having had a good season, he was prepared to sell off
-the balance of his stock at cost price. The selling price of his
-goods was marked in plain figures. A pair of boots which cost him 8s.
-was marked 10s., thus showing a profit of 2s., which he considered to
-be 25 per cent. (2s. being a quarter of 8s.) Instructions were issued
-to all his employees engaged in selling to deduct a quarter from the
-marked price, the result being that a pair of boots which cost 8s.,
-and marked 10s., was being sold at 7s. 6d. (2s. 6d., the quarter of
-the marked price being deducted from 10s.) Although he imagined he
-was getting 25 per cent. profit, he was in reality receiving only 20
-per cent. It was not long before the posters were altered, announcing
-that 4s. in the £ would be allowed to his customers.</p>
-
-<p>The following question was asked some little time ago;&mdash;If a chemist
-sold a bottle of medicine for 2s. 6d., which cost him 2½d., what
-percentage would be his profit?</p>
-
-<p>Many work out the problem and answer 1100 per cent., but this answer
-is incorrect. He received 2s. 6d. for that which cost him 2½d.,
-accordingly there was a profit of 2s. 3½d. We must now find out
-what percentage is the latter amount of the selling price, 2s. 6d.,
-and we discover that it is 91⅔ per cent.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_266">266.</a> A pork butcher buys at auction £100 worth of
-bacon at 4d. per lb. and sells it at 8d. per lb.; also £100 worth at 8d. per lb.,
-which he sells for 4d. per lb. Does he lose or gain? And if so how much.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“THE JUMPING FROG.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_267">267.</a> A frog, sitting on one end of a log eight feet long,
-starts to jump into a pond at the opposite end. With his first jump he clears
-half the distance, the second jump half the remaining distance, and
-so on. How many jumps does he take before entering the pond?
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="figright">
-    <img src="images/i_097.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="107" />
-</div>
-<p class="center">OBLONG PUZZLE.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_268">268.</a> Cut out of a piece of cardboard fourteen pieces of
-the same shape as those shown in the diagram&mdash;the same number of pieces as is
-there represented&mdash;and then form an oblong with them.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_269">269.</a> If a man can load a cart in five minutes, and a friend
-can load it in two and a half minutes, how long will it take them both to load
-it, both working together?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_270">270.</a> A gentleman on being asked how old he was, said that if
-he did not count Mondays and Thursdays he would be 35. What was his actual age?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">TOO SMART FOR DAD.</p>
-
-<p>“Pa,” said a boy from school, “How many peas are in a pint?” “How can
-anybody tell that, foolish boy?” “I can every time. There is just one
-‘p’ in pint the world over.” He was sent off to bed early.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">SIMPLE PROPORTION.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_271">271.</a> If it takes three minutes to boil one egg,
-how long will it take to boil two?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“PUNCH’S” MONEY VAGARIES.</p>
-
-<p>The early Italians used cattle as a currency instead of coin (thus a
-bull equals 5s.) and a person would send for change for a thousand
-pound bullock, when he would receive 200 five pound sheep. If he
-wanted <i>very</i> small change there would be a few lambs amongst them.
-The inconvenience of keeping a flock of sheep at one‘s bankers’, or
-paying in a short-horned heifer to one’s private account led to the
-introduction of <i>bullion</i>.</p>
-
-<p>As to the unhealthy custom of <i>sweating sovereigns</i>, it may be well
-to recollect that Charles I., the earliest Sovereign, who was sweated
-to such an extent that his immediate successor, Charles II., became
-one of the lightest Sovereigns ever known in England.</p>
-
-<p>Formerly every gold watch weighed so many <i>carats</i>, from which it
-became usual to call a silver watch a turnip.</p>
-
-<p>The Romans were in the habit of tossing their coins in the presence
-of their legions, and if a piece of money went higher than the top of
-their Ensign’s flag it was presumed to be “above the standard.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“MARCH ON! MARCH ON!”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_272">272.</a> An army 25 miles long starts on a journey of 50
-miles, just as an orderly at the rear starts to deliver a message to the General
-in front. The orderly, travelling at a uniform speed, delivers his
-message and returns to the rear, arriving just as the army finishes
-the journey. How many miles does the orderly travel?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“WITH A LONG, LONG PULL.”</p>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_098.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="183" />
-</div>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_273">273.</a> If eight men are engaged in a tug-o’-war, four
-pulling against four, on a continuous rope, and each man is exerting a force of
-100 lbs., what strain is there at the centre of the rope?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">“FIND OUT.”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_274">274.</a> A gentleman in a train with a boy got into conversation
-with a stranger, who asked him the lad’s age. The boy quickly replied, “This
-gentleman, who is my uncle, is twice as old as me, but the sum of the
-figures in my age are twice the sum of those in his.” What was the
-age of each?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p><a href="#ans_275">275.</a> One of our squatters who had made his fortune
-in the “good times” determined to sell his run and spend the rest of his days
-in the old country. A new chum, possessing considerable wealth, and
-desirous of settling down in Australia, hearing of the squatter’s
-intention, interviewed him with the object of purchasing, when the
-following conversation ensued:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">New Chum</span>: “How big is your run? What’s its area?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Squatter</span>: “Well, I’m blessed if I know, but I can tell you
-it’s perfectly square and enclosed with posts and rails. Each of the
-rails is 9 ft. long.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">New Chum</span>: “Oh, then, is it what you call a three-railed
-paddock?”</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Squatter</span>: “Yes, that’s so, and now I remember that <i>the
-number of rails in my run is equal to the number of acres</i>. If you
-like you can take a horse and ride round and count the rails, then
-you will know the area.” This advice the new chum acted upon.</p>
-
-<p>Find out the length of his ride and the area of the run.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>A Federal Problem.</big></b></p>
-
-<p>It is well known to our readers that paper money&mdash;such as pound
-notes&mdash;issued in one colony are depreciated in another; thus a one
-pound note of N.S.W. is only worth 19s. 6d. in Victoria, and <i>vice
-versa</i>. Some time ago a rather ’cute individual in Wodonga, on the
-Victorian side of the border, bought a drink in a local hotel with a
-Victorian note, and received in change a N.S.W. note, which was worth
-then and there only 19s. 6d.; he thereupon crossed the Murray to
-Albury on the New South Wales side, bought another drink for sixpence
-with his N.S.W. note, and received a Victorian note equal to 19s.
-6d. in change. He travelled backwards and forwards during the day,
-getting his twentieth and last drink in Albury, on the N.S.W. side,
-whereupon he returns to Wodonga with a Victorian pound note still to
-his credit. He thus paid for all his drinks, which amounted to ten
-shillings. Who lost the money?</p>
-
-<p>We cannot advise readers to “go thou and do likewise,” for the simple
-reason that such a proceeding would now be impossible, as exchange is
-no longer charged in the two towns mentioned. It is not until we get
-further from the border that the levy is made.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>Doing Two Things at Once.</big></b></p>
-
-<p>An inspector was examining a school in a country district some
-distance from a railway station. He was afraid of losing his train,
-so hurrying with his work he tried to do two things at once. Standing
-in the doorway, he gave out dictation to Class III. in the main room,
-and at the same time gave out a sum to Class IV. in an adjoining
-room, jerking out a few words alternately.</p>
-
-<p>The sum was “If a couple of fat ducks cost 19s., how many can he get
-for £72 10s. 9d.” The dictation for Class III. began “Now as a lion
-prowling about in search, &amp;c.” Of course the poor children heard
-both, and got a bit mixed. One little girl’s dictation began “Now a
-couple of ducks prowling about in search of a lion who had lost 19s.,
-&amp;c.” While a Class IV. lad was scratching his head over the following
-sum “If 72 couples of fat lions cost 19s., how much prowling could be
-got for £72 10s. 9d.”</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center">TWO CALENDAR CATCHES.</p>
-
-<p>Ask a person if Christmas Day and New Year’s Day come in the same
-year. The answer generally given is “Of course not, Christmas comes
-in this year, and New Year’s Day in the next.”</p>
-
-<p>Another question that often puzzles many. Have we had more Christmas
-days than Good Fridays? The usual answer is “No, both the same.”
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_276">276.</a> A brass memorial tablet in honour of the late
-Sir Charles Lilley has been fixed in the centre of the eastern wall of the
-Brisbane Grammar School Hall. The enthusiasm displayed by Sir Charles in
-the cause of education generally, and his work on behalf of the
-Grammar School, make this commemoration particularly appropriate.
-The following is the inscription, to translate which should prove a
-capital exercise to all Latin scholars. The tablet measures 50 inches
-by 30 inches.</p>
-<div class="figcenter">
-    <img src="images/i_100.jpg" alt="_" width="600" height="347" />
-    <p class="f90">MEMORIAL TABLET TO THE LATE SIR CHARLES LILLEY</p>
-</div>
-
-<p class="space-above1">It may be added that the lettering of the plate was designed by Mr.
-R. S. Dods, architect, and the engraving was done in Brisbane by
-Messrs. Randle Bros., the well-known engravers, of Elizabeth Street.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="center"><b><big>A Puzzle in Book-keeping.</big></b></p>
-
-<p><a href="#ans_277">277.</a> A firm appointed an agent to do business on their
-account, and gave him £32 17s. in cash for expenses, &amp;c., and also supplied
-him with a stock of goods, the value wholesale being £57 14s.; while in a
-distant town he bought a job lot of goods for £59 19s., which he paid
-cash for out of what he had realised on his first stock. He still
-continued to sell, but very soon after the firm called him in, and
-desired him to close his account and hand in a full statement.</p>
-
-<p>His total retail sales amounted to £102 17s., and he returned goods
-to the value of £31 17s., his expenses had been £25.</p>
-
-<p>Question&mdash;What does the firm owe the agent, or the agent owe the firm?</p>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">The Agent’s Statement Being</span>&mdash;</p>
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="8" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Cash</td>
-        <td class="tdr">£ 32</td>
-        <td class="tdr">17</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Goods</td>
-        <td class="tdr">57</td>
-        <td class="tdr">14</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Paid for Goods</td>
-        <td class="tdr">59</td>
-        <td class="tdr">19</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Cash Sales</td>
-        <td class="tdr">102</td>
-        <td class="tdr">17</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Goods Returned&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">31</td>
-        <td class="tdr">17</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Expenses</td>
-        <td class="tdr">25</td>
-        <td class="tdr">0</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>This puzzle first appeared in “<span class="smcap">How to Become Quick
-at Figures</span>,” the answer being withheld. It is a record of
-transactions that actually occurred in America, which were the
-subject of litigation. Although we received thousands of replies,
-not more than 5 per cent. were correct. It is a question that
-individuals not conversant with book-keeping would be as likely to
-solve correctly as the expert. For the convenience of those who are
-unacquainted with American money we have been obliged to substitute
-£ s. d., and would advise our readers to attempt a solution before
-referring to the answer.</p>
-
-<hr class="full" />
-<h2>CONCLUSION.</h2>
-
-<p>In bringing “<span class="smcap">The Puzzle King</span>” to a conclusion, the author
-can only express the hope that he has been successful in his
-endeavour to make it not only an amusing work but also a <i>useful</i> one.</p>
-
-<p>The impossibility of making a book of this nature perfect is fully
-recognised, and corrections or contributions will be cordially
-received, and the contributor liberally remunerated.</p>
-
-<p>All communications must be sent to 44 Pitt Street, Sydney, addressed
-to the author, who tenders to all readers of “<span class="smcap">The Puzzle
-King</span>”&mdash;</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poem">
-<span class="i8"><span class="smcap">An Arithmetical Toast.</span></span>
-<span class="i0">“Here’s an <i>addition</i> to your wages.</span>
-<span class="i0">Here’s a <i>subtraction</i> from your wants and miseries.</span>
-<span class="i0">Here’s a <i>multiplication</i> of your joys and happiness.</span>
-<span class="i0">Here’s a <i>division</i> amongst your enemies.</span>
-<span class="i0">Here’s a <i>reduction</i> of your hours of labour.</span>
-<span class="i0">And here’s a hope that you’ll all be able to <i>practice</i> and take</span>
-<span class="i3"><i>interest</i> in “THE PUZZLE KING.”</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="full" />
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>Answers.</h2>
-
-<ul class="answr"><li class="iansw"><a id="ans_1">(1)</a>&nbsp; 12,111.</li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_2">(2)</a> &nbsp; 24s.</li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_3">(3)</a> &nbsp; 18.</li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_4">(4)</a> &nbsp; He lost £13 6s. 8d.</li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_5">(5)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left bbox" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="8" rules="cols">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">485</td> <td class="tdc">463</td>
-        <td class="tdc">475</td> <td class="tdc">465</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">461</td> <td class="tdc">467</td>
-        <td class="tdc">487</td> <td class="tdc">473</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">483</td> <td class="tdc">477</td>
-        <td class="tdc">457</td> <td class="tdc">471</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">459</td> <td class="tdc">481</td>
-        <td class="tdc">469</td> <td class="tdc">479</td>
-   </tr></tbody></table></li>
-<li class="iansw"><br /><a id="ans_6">(6)</a> <a href="#ans_225">See No. 225.</a></li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_7">(7)</a> £30.</li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_8">(8)</a> 675 springs.</li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_9">(9)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_102_a.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="192" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_10">(10)</a> Suppose a man and woman to marry, the man to
-have had a son by a former marriage (the gentleman who leaves the
-money); also the woman has a daughter by a former marriage. This
-son and daughter get married, and have a son. This is the scheme of
-kindred, and answers the conditions of the paradox.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_11">(11)</a> 4d. There were three of them&mdash;grandfather,
-father, and son.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_12">(12)</a> The total score was 240. The 1st player
-scored 30; the 2nd and 3rd, 24 each; the 4th, 5th, and 6th, 12 each;
-the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th, 30 each; and the 11th, 6.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_13">(13)</a> They tip the pail over horizontally; if any
-part of the bottom can be seen without spilling the milk it is not
-half full. </li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_14">(14)</a> In 9 <sup>68</sup>&frasl;<sub>78</sub> days.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_15">(15)</a> The measurements given would not make a triangle.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_16">(16)</a> 6400 soldiers.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_17">(17)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_102_b.jpg" alt="_" width="250" height="246" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_18">(18)</a> The LEFT BOWER.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_19">(19)</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="2">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">The</td> <td class="tdl">first</td>
-        <td class="tdr">£15</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdl">second</td>
-        <td class="tdr">8</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdl">third</td>
-        <td class="tdr">10</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdl">fourth</td>
-        <td class="tdr">6</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl" colspan="2">The man had&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">&nbsp;£39</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<ul class="answr"><li class="iansw"><br /><a id="ans_20">(20)</a> The first boat 15 min. 45 secs., the second 16 min.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_21">(21)</a> 3 animals.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_22">(22)</a> A comma.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_23">(23)</a> 15 and 10.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_24">(24)</a> 21 and 54.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_25">(25)</a> 126.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_26">(26)</a> 72 persons.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_27">(27)</a> 20·7846 inches; 203·646 square inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_28">(28)</a> 11 plus 1·1 &nbsp;= 12·1<br />
-<span class="ws4">11&emsp;x&nbsp;&ensp;1·1 = 12·1</span>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_29">(29)</a> Coach fare 3s.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_30">(30)</a> The distance from the ends of the least side on the
-largest and intermediate sides are respectively 211⅓ and 176 links.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_31">(31)</a> 60.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_32">(32)</a> T wins&mdash;distance 90 miles; walking pace&mdash;T 5 miles per hour, D 4.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_33">(33)</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<table class="bbox" border="0" cellspacing="4" summary="_" cellpadding="8" rules="cols">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc"><b><big>A</big></b></td> <td class="tdc"><b><big>B</big></b></td>
-        <td class="tdc"><b><big>C</big></b></td> <td class="tdc"><b><big>D</big></b></td>
-        <td class="tdc"><b><big>E</big></b></td> <td class="tdc"><b><big>F</big></b></td>
-        <td class="tdc"><b><big>G</big></b></td> <td class="tdc"><b><big>H</big></b></td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem space-above1">
-<span class="i0">My friends,&mdash;I have spare blankets, and I shall need no more;</span>
-<span class="i0">The tenth man can have my bed, and I’ll sleep on the floor.</span>
-<span class="i0">In room marked A two men were placed; the third was lodged in B;</span>
-<span class="i0">The fourth to C was then assigned, the fifth retired to D;</span>
-<span class="i0">In E the sixth he tucked away, in F the seventh man,</span>
-<span class="i0">The eighth and ninth in G and H, and then to A he ran</span>
-<span class="i0">(Wherein the host, as I have said, had laid two travellers by);</span>
-<span class="i0">Then taking one&mdash;the tenth and last&mdash;he lodged him safe in I:</span>
-<span class="i0">Nine spare rooms&mdash;a room for each&mdash;were made to serve for ten.</span>
-<span class="i0">And this it is that puzzles me and many wiser men.</span>
-</div></div>
-
-<ul class="answr"><li class="iansw"><a id="ans_34">(34)</a> £78 &nbsp;7s. &nbsp;0·42d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_35">(35)</a> 275625 &nbsp;leaves.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_36">(36)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_103_a.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="97" />
-    <p class="center"><b>Fig. 1</b></p>
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_37">(37)</a> 24000 men.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_38">(38)</a> 4032 lines.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_39">(39)</a> 28·9 miles.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_40">(40)</a> £26 7s. 7d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_41">(41)</a> 7 and 1.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_42">(42)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left bbox" border="0" cellspacing="8" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">47</td> <td class="tdr">58</td>
-        <td class="tdr">69</td> <td class="tdr">80</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;1</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
-        <td class="tdr">23</td> <td class="tdr">34</td>
-        <td class="tdr">45</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">57</td> <td class="tdr">68</td>
-        <td class="tdr">79</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;9</td>
-        <td class="tdr">11</td> <td class="tdr">22</td>
-        <td class="tdr">33</td> <td class="tdr">44</td>
-        <td class="tdr">46</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">67</td> <td class="tdr">78</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;8</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
-        <td class="tdr">21</td> <td class="tdr">32</td>
-        <td class="tdr">43</td> <td class="tdr">54</td>
-        <td class="tdr">56</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">77</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;7</td>
-        <td class="tdr">18</td> <td class="tdr">20</td>
-        <td class="tdr">31</td> <td class="tdr">42</td>
-        <td class="tdr">53</td> <td class="tdr">55</td>
-        <td class="tdr">66</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;6</td> <td class="tdr">17</td>
-        <td class="tdr">19</td> <td class="tdr">30</td>
-        <td class="tdr">41</td> <td class="tdr">52</td>
-        <td class="tdr">63</td> <td class="tdr">65</td>
-        <td class="tdr">76</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">16</td> <td class="tdr">27</td>
-        <td class="tdr">29</td> <td class="tdr">40</td>
-        <td class="tdr">51</td> <td class="tdr">62</td>
-        <td class="tdr">64</td> <td class="tdr">75</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;5</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">26</td> <td class="tdr">28</td>
-        <td class="tdr">39</td> <td class="tdr">50</td>
-        <td class="tdr">61</td> <td class="tdr">72</td>
-        <td class="tdr">74</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;4</td>
-        <td class="tdr">15</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">36</td> <td class="tdr">38</td>
-        <td class="tdr">49</td> <td class="tdr">60</td>
-        <td class="tdr">71</td> <td class="tdr">73</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;3</td> <td class="tdr">14</td>
-        <td class="tdr">25</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">37</td> <td class="tdr">48</td>
-        <td class="tdr">59</td> <td class="tdr">70</td>
-        <td class="tdr">81</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;2</td>
-        <td class="tdr">13</td> <td class="tdr">24</td>
-        <td class="tdr">35<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><br /><a id="ans_43">(43)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_104_a.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="185" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_44">(44)</a> Don’t be A flat be A sharp.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_45">(45)</a> £49.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_46">(46)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_104_b.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="87" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_47">(47)</a> Give the last person an egg on the dish.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_48">(48)</a> 20 lbs.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_49">(49)</a> 1 wether, 10 ewes, 9 lambs.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_50">(50)</a> 15 hours.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_51">(51)</a> 12 square miles.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_52">(52)</a> 7 persons.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_53">(53)</a> The versed sine of the segment of
-Will’s cake which was given to Jack was 3·05 inches, and its area 26·0058364375
-square inches: hence Will’s share was 704·6125135625 square inches,
-and Jack’s share 704·5914364375 square inches; so that Will’s four
-were about 52·03275 square inches more than Jack’s six, and Will,
-of course, lost the wager. After the decision of the gauger, Will’s
-share was ·0210771245 (1-50th nearly) of a square inch more than Jack’s. </li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_54">(54)</a> 8·46851 seconds velocity, 129·38 ft. per second.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_55">(55)</a> 144 minutes.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_56">(56)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="8" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-      <td class="tdr">39</td>
-      </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">12</td>
-      </tr><tr> <td class="tdr over">78</td>
-      </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">39&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-      </tr><tr> <td class="tdr over">468</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_57">(57)</a> 8835 yds.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_58">(58)</a> 2513·28 sq. yds nearly.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_59">(59)</a> A 13 times, B 8.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_60">(60)</a> Her son.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_61">(61)</a> 3 wickets.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_62">(62)</a> Not fully stated&mdash;suppose 4 miles per hour.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_63">(63)</a> 22 plus 2 eq. 24; 3<sup>3</sup> - 3 eq. 24.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_64">(64)</a> 1s. 11d. or 11s. 1d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_65">(65)</a> TOBACCO.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_66">(66)</a> 1 ft. 5·6268 inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_67">(67)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_104_c.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="189" />
-</div></li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_68">(68)</a> Age 28.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_69">(69)</a> <sup>8</sup>&frasl;<sub>9</sub></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_70">(70)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_104_d.jpg" alt="_" width="250" height="44" />
-</div></li>
-<li class="iansw">4 on 1, 6 on 9, 8 on 3, 5 on 2, and 10 on 7.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_71">(71)</a> They put one plank across the angle; the end of the
-other resting on it will reach the island.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_72">(72)</a> 283; 224.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_73">(73)</a> 23; 24.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_74">(74)</a> Gallons 1207·45, diameter 6 ft., height 6 ft, 10¼ in.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_75">(75)</a> 76; 24.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_76">(76)</a> One travels West and the other East going round the
-world once a year; one will gain one day per annum,
-and the other will lose a day. In 50 years the
-difference will amount to 100 days.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_77">(77)</a> Diameter 87032 miles, circumference 273529 miles,
-area 23805775928 miles.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_78">(78)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left bbox space-below1" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="8" rules="cols">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">621</td> <td class="tdc">642</td>
-        <td class="tdc">627</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">636</td> <td class="tdc">630</td>
-        <td class="tdc">624</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">633</td> <td class="tdc">618</td>
-        <td class="tdc">639</td>
-   </tr></tbody></table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_79">(79)</a> The two ends of the box are placed so that
-they lap over the two sides, and the wood being one inch thick the
-length is thus increased by 2 inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_80">(80)</a> 96s.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_81">(81)</a> First £25 5s., second £28 5s., third £30 5s.,
-fourth £36 5s.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_82">(82)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_105.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="296" />
-</div></li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_83">(83)</a> ( <sup>5</sup>&frasl;<sub>5</sub>)·5.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_84">(84)</a> 10 inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_85">(85)</a> 5 miles 1300 yds.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_86">(86)</a> £10.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_87">(87)</a> 10, 22, 26.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_88">(88)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="2">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">987654321 = 45</td> <td class="tdc" rowspan="3">&nbsp;&emsp;or&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">555555555 = 45</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">123456789 = 45</td>
-        <td class="tdr">99999 = 45</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over">864197532 = 45</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">555455556 = 45</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_89">(89)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="2">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">The 1st part</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
-        <td class="tdc">add</td> <td class="tdc">2 = 10</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">"&nbsp; 2nd&nbsp; "&nbsp; &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
-        <td class="tdc">subtract</td> <td class="tdc">2 = 10</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">"&nbsp; 3rd&nbsp; "&nbsp; &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
-        <td class="tdc">&nbsp;multiply by&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">2 = 10</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">"&nbsp; 4th&nbsp; "&nbsp; &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20</td>
-        <td class="tdc">divide by</td> <td class="tdc">2 = 10</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over" colspan="2">&nbsp;45</td>
-        <td class="tdc" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_90">(90)</a> 3025.&emsp;&nbsp;30 plus 25 = 55 which squared is 3025<br />
-<span class="ws4">9801.&emsp;&nbsp;98 plus 01 = 99 which squared is 9801</span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_91">(91)</a> 3 children.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_92">(92)</a> 36 inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_93">(93)</a> The difficulty is to determine what
-would have been the will of the testator had he foreseen that his wife would
-be delivered of twins. As he desired that in case his wife brought
-forth a son he should have ⅔ of his property, and the mother ⅓,
-it follows that his intention was to give his son a sum double to
-that of the mother; and as he desired in the other case that if she
-brought forth a daughter the mother should have ⅔ and the daughter ⅓,
-there is reason to conclude that he intended the share of the mother
-to be double that of the daughter; consequently, to unite these two
-conditions, the heritage must be divided in such a manner that the
-son may have twice as much as the mother, and the mother twice as
-much as the daughter. Thus we get&mdash;</li>
-</ul>
-
-<ul class="center index"><li>Son’s&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&emsp;share, &nbsp; £4000</li>
-<li>Mother’s&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"&nbsp; &nbsp;&emsp; £2000</li>
-<li>Daughter’s&nbsp; "&nbsp; &nbsp;&emsp; £1000</li></ul>
-
-<ul class="answr"><li class="iansw">Sometimes the following difficulty is proposed in
-regard to this problem:&mdash;In case the mother should have two sons
-and one daughter, in what manner must the property be divided then?
-We refer you to the lawyers.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_94">(94)</a> 23 years 289 days&mdash;a little less than 24 years.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_95">(95)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_106_a.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="144" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_96">(96)</a> 1650 ft. deep; 1½ minutes.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_97">(97)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_106_b.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="299" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_98">(98)</a> Man, 69 yrs 12 weeks<br />
-<span class="ws4">Woman, 30 yrs 40 weeks</span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_99">(99)</a> A 18 hours, B 22½.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_100">(100)</a> 3 and 2.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_101">(101)</a> 12 pence.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_102">(102)</a> 50s.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2"><a id="ans_103">(103)</a> It is used so in the question. The answer generally
-given is found in the Bible (Judges xvi, 7 and 8).
-Samson was bound with “seven green withs.”</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_104">(104)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">32</td> <td class="tdc_top" rowspan="7">&nbsp;&emsp;or&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">46</td> <td class="tdc_top" rowspan="7">&nbsp;&emsp;or&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">95 <sup><small>72</small></sup>&frasl;<sub><small>36</small></sub></td>
-        <td class="tdc_top" rowspan="7">&nbsp;&emsp;or&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">14</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">57</td>
-        <td class="tdr">35</td>
-        <td class="tdr">1 <sup><small>8</small></sup>&frasl;<sub><small>4</small></sub></td>
-        <td class="tdr">76</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over">89</td>
-        <td class="tdr">17</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">100</td>
-        <td class="tdr">5</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">1</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">98</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">3</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">6</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">98</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">4</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">100</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over">100</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">100</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><br /><a id="ans_105">(105)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left space-below1" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">56</td> <td class="tdc_top" rowspan="8">&nbsp;&emsp;or&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdc_top" rowspan="8">&nbsp;&emsp;or&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">40</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">24</td>
-        <td class="tdr">8</td>
-        <td class="tdr">36</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over">80</td>
-        <td class="tdr">7</td>
-        <td class="tdr">15</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">1</td>
-        <td class="tdr">35</td>
-        <td class="tdr">7</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">9</td>
-        <td class="tdr">46</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">98</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">3</td>
-        <td class="tdr">19</td>
-        <td class="tdr">2</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">7</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">100</td>
-        <td class="tdr over">100</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over">100</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_106">(106)</a> 44 feet.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_107">(107)</a> 8 persons.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_108">(108)</a> 8¼.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_109">(109)</a> The stone should fall into his hand.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_110">(110)</a> 6⅗ days.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_111">(111)</a> £5 8s. 6d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_112">(112)</a> TEN</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_113">(113)</a> To explain this often causes much
-confusion. We must take a simple illustration: I have a garden
-containing 10 appletrees, all bearing fruit. Now, there are more
-trees than any tree has apples on it; there must be at least 2 trees
-having the same number of apples&mdash;for instance, if No. 1 tree
-has 1 apple, No. 2 has 2, and so on to No. 9; when we come to No. 10
-tree, it must have the same as one of the other trees, as it could
-not have 10 or more according to our first supposition.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_114">(114)</a> It simply means that <i>four</i> “nothings” equal
-<i>one</i> “nothing.”</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_115">(115)</a> He had a half-penny, and he borrowed a half-penny.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_116">(116)</a> 5.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_117">(117)</a> 30 apples.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_118">(118)</a> 18 and 27.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_119">(119)</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;A  3240<br />
-B&nbsp; 2916<br />
-C&nbsp; 1944<br />
-D&nbsp; 2052<br />
-E&nbsp; 1728<br />
-Electors 6480.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_120">(120)</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;A  £12<br />
-B&nbsp; £20<br />
-C&nbsp; £30</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_121">(121)</a> 45 miles.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_122">(122)</a> 80, 60, 45.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_123">(123)</a> £580.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_124">(124)</a> Hendrick and Anna. Claas and Catrün. Cornelius and Gertruig.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_125">(125)</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;A 2304<br />
-B&nbsp; 1296</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_126">(126)</a> £19,005.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_127">(127)</a> 15 days.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_128">(128)</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;1st &nbsp; &nbsp;£2180  3s.  4¼d.<br />
-2nd&nbsp; £2380 15s. 11¼d.<br />
-3rd&nbsp; £2599 17s.&nbsp; 9¾d.<br />
-4th&nbsp; £2839&nbsp; 2s. 10¾d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_129">(129)</a> 1 <sup>2</sup>&frasl;<sub>18</sub> minutes.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_130">(130)</a> 36 pyramids.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_131">(131)</a> 82·076 feet.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_132">(132)</a> 55 <sup>5</sup>&frasl;<sub>5</sub> = 56 = 4 x 4 plus 40.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_133">(133)</a> 6 women. 10⅞d. per yard.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_134">(134)</a> A 21.&emsp;B 28.&emsp;Youngest child 7.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_135">(135)</a> We see that each of the members present
-paid 4d. to make up 5s. There must have been 15 persons present when the bill was paid,
-and consequently 18 at dinner. Now, it is evident that the classes
-are as 2, 3, and 4, making 4 Officers, 6 Non-com’s, and 8 Privates.
-Again, it is evident that 5s. being the sum to be paid by 1 Com. and
-2 Non-coms.; each Com.’s share was 2s., and each Non-com’s 1s. 6d.,
-and from the conditions of the question each Private’s share was 1s.
-3d.; those who remained had to pay.<br />
-
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">3 Officers, 2s. each and 4d. each&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">7s.&nbsp; 0d.</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">4 Non-coms, 1s. 6d. each</td>
-        <td class="tdr">7s.&nbsp; 4d.</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">8 Privates, 1s. 3d.</td>
-        <td class="tdr">12s.&nbsp; 8d</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">Amount</td>
-        <td class="tdr">£1&nbsp; 7s.&nbsp; 0d.</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_136">(136)</a> The Alphabet.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_137">(137)</a> 4 glasses.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_138">(138)</a> 37·6992 feet.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_139">(139)</a> 157 <sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>7</sub> square miles.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_140">(140)</a> 324.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_141">(141)</a> Bottle 2¼d., cork ¼d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_142">(142)</a> 1, 4, 16, and 64.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_143">(143)</a> 16 days.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_144">(144)</a> 7¼d., 4¾d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_145">(145)</a> 1st, 64; 2nd, 48; 3rd, 36; 4th, 27 gals.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_146">(146)</a> 1st £24, 2nd £20, 3rd £8, 4th £28.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_147">(147)</a> This is one of those <i>impossible</i> questions
-that one often hears. The fractions, when added together, equal <sup>19</sup>&frasl;<sub>20</sub>.
-So the whole £1 <i>cannot be so divided</i>. The following solution is often put forward:&mdash;</li>
-
-<li class="iansw">
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc" rowspan="2">⅓ plus ¼ plus ⅕ plus ⅙ =</td>
-        <td class="tdc u">20 plus 15 plus 12 plus 10</td>
-        <td class="tdc" rowspan="2">&nbsp;=&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">57</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">60</td>
-        <td class="tdr">60</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-<table  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">s.</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">20 x 20 =&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">400 div. 57 =&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">7 <sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>57</sub></td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;to 1st son</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">15 x 20 =&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">300 div. 57 =&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">5 <sup>15</sup>&frasl;<sub>57</sub></td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;" 2nd&nbsp; "</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">12 x 20 =&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">240 div. 57 =&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">4 <sup>12</sup>&frasl;<sub>57</sub></td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;" 3rd&nbsp; "</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">10 x 20 =&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">200 div. 57 =&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">3 <sup>29</sup>&frasl;<sub>57</sub></td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;" 4th&nbsp; "</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc over">&nbsp;20s.&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_148">(148)</a> The locomotive pushes No. 1 truck
-up to the points, then returns to the opposite siding and pushes No. 2 up to
-No. 1 at the points; the two trucks are then pulled by the locomotive
-down the siding and pushed on to the main line to a position anywhere
-between the two sidings; No. 1 is then uncoupled and left standing,
-whilst the locomotive pulls No. 2 along the main line in order to
-push it up to the points where it is left; the locomotive returns to
-No. 1, and pulling it a short distance, in order to get on the proper
-siding, pushes it into its required position, uncouples, and proceeds
-up the other siding to the points to pull No. 2 into its proper
-place, then uncouples and returns to the main line.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_149">(149)</a> 14,400 quarts</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_150">(150)</a> A, 2s. 7½d.;&emsp;B, 1s. 1½d.;&emsp;C, 9d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_151">(151)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">1st Company,&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">£2400</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">2nd&nbsp; &nbsp; "</td> <td class="tdr">1800</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">3rd&nbsp; &nbsp; "</td> <td class="tdr">1600</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">4th&nbsp; &nbsp; "</td> <td class="tdr">1500</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-         <td class="tdr over" colspan="2">£7300</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_152">(152)</a> Lines, 29; letters, 32.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_153">(153)</a> Major £100, minor £60.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_154">(154)</a> From A £88, from B £44.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_155">(155)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_108_a.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="98" />
-</div></li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_156">(156)</a> 25 miles from Sydney.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_157">(157)</a> 4½ miles.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_158">(158)</a> 108.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_159">(159)</a>&emsp;Two-thirds of SIX is IX; the upper half of XII is VII;<br />
-The half of FIVE is IV; and the upper half of XI is VI.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_160">(160)</a> £12 12s. 8d. = 12128 farthings.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_161">(161)</a> J £660, M £440, B £220.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_162">(162)</a> Masons 20s., Bricklayers 15s., Laborers 10s.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_163">(163)</a> £29 19s. 9¼d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_164">(164)</a> 2 years.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_165">(165)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_108_b.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="295" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw">This draught puzzle can also be done in three other ways.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_166">(166)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Wife</td> <td class="tdr">£4650</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Son</td> <td class="tdr">6200</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Eldest daughter</td> <td class="tdr">3100</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Youngest&nbsp; "</td> <td class="tdr">1550</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">Total&emsp;&nbsp;</td>  <td class="tdr over">£15,500</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_167">(167)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_108_c.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="298" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_168">(168)</a> 18.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_169">(169)</a> 6¼ per cent.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_170">(170)</a> 19 movements&nbsp;&emsp;19 feet</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_171">(171)</a> 895 and 11,277.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_172">(172)</a> 56 quarts.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_173">(173)</a> 20; 50 gals.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_174">(174)</a> 117 ft. 9 in.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_175">(175)</a> 1st 1¼d., 2nd ¾d.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_176">(176)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="2">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">The lazy sundowner</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;2 days at 2 hours per day =</td>
-        <td class="tdr">4 hours</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&emsp;"&nbsp; second&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;4&emsp;"&nbsp;&emsp;"&nbsp; 4&emsp;"&nbsp;&emsp;"&emsp;&nbsp;"&emsp;=</td>
-        <td class="tdr">16&nbsp;  "&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&emsp;"&nbsp; third&emsp;&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;6&emsp;"&nbsp;&emsp;"&nbsp; 6&emsp;"&nbsp;&emsp;"&emsp;&nbsp;"&emsp;=</td>
-        <td class="tdr">36&nbsp;  "&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&emsp;"&nbsp; fourth&emsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">12&emsp;"&emsp;" 12&emsp;"&nbsp;&emsp;"&emsp;&nbsp;"&emsp;=</td>
-        <td class="tdr">144&nbsp;  "&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over" colspan="3">200 hours</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_177">(177)</a> 17777873.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_178">(178)</a> The “catch” is in the word <i>ears</i>;
-he carries out two ears on his head and one ear of corn each
-day&mdash;hence it will take 6 days. </li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_179">(179)</a> My daughter.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_180">(180)</a> Man 3s., boy 2s.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_181">(181)</a> 11·9.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_182">(182)</a> 72 gals.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_183">(183)</a> The landlord would lose by such an
-arrangement, as the rent would entitle him to <sup>2</sup>&frasl;<sub>5</sub> of the 18; the
-selector should give him 18 bushels from his own share after the
-division is completed.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_184">(184)</a> £1 6s. 8d., £1 13s. 4d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_185">(185)</a> 3.362 inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_186">(186)</a> The merchant, 1d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_187">(187)</a>
-Train from London&emsp;&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;44 miles per hour<br />
-&emsp;"&nbsp; &nbsp; "&emsp;&nbsp;Edinburgh&nbsp; 53
-<sup>7</sup>&frasl;<sub>9</sub>&nbsp; "&nbsp; &nbsp;&emsp;"&emsp;&nbsp;"</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_188">(188)</a> A gentleman and one servant go
-over; the gentleman returns with the boat, 2 servants go over; 1 servant
-returns; 2 gentlemen go over; 1 gentleman and 1 servant return; 2
-gentlemen go over; 1 servant returns; 2 servants go over; 1 servant
-returns; the two servants then go over.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_189">(189)</a> Imperfect. (Sample of questions we receive daily.
-Give it to your friends: it will annoy them.)</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_190">(190)</a> 14, 112, 378, 896.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_191">(191)</a> 120 lbs.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_192">(192)</a> 80 years.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_193">(193)</a> 6 <sup>6</sup>&frasl;<sub>6</sub>.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_194">(194)</a> 13 trains.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_195">(195)</a> Distance, 12½ miles; rate, 8 miles per hour.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_196">(196)</a> 5½ hours.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_197">(197)</a> A 39s.,&emsp;B 21s.,&emsp;C 12s.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_198">(198)</a> £10.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_199">(199)</a> When Pharaoh’s daughter drew a little
-prophet (profit) from the banks of the Nile.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_200">(200)</a> 4⅘lbs.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_201">(201)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_109_a.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="98" />
-</div></li>
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_202">(202)</a> 30 oz. of 21, 90 oz. of 23.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_203">(203)</a> £1 2s. 2⅔d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_204">(204)</a> 3078 ac. 3r. 2·88p.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_205">(205)</a> 108 trees.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_206">(206)</a> 792.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_207">(207)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_109_b.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="153" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_208">(208)</a> <sup>8</sup>&frasl;<sub>50</sub>.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_209">(209)</a> 72 inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_210">(210)</a> 99 <sup>9</sup>&frasl;<sub>9</sub>.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_211">(211)</a> A 5, B 7.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_212"></a>(212) <span class="ws8"><span class="smcap">The Brick Puzzle.</span></span><br />
-2 stretchers, 4 headers, 4 closures. Area, 135 inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2">This question has been the cause of much discussion, especially
-amongst those engaged in the building trade.
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_110_a.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="114" />
-    <p>Fig. 1&mdash;Represents the brick and the method of cutting it.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_110_b.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="115" />
-    <p>Fig. 2&mdash;Represents the face of the wall showing the area of brick when cut.
-It has been necessary to produce this figure on half-scale to that of Fig. 1.</p>
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_213">(213)</a> Goose 30, duck 50, hen 70.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_214">(214)</a> It does not matter on which square the knight is first placed,
-his last square to enter will be at a knight’s distance from the first. The route may be
-varied in many ways.<br />
-<div class="figleft">
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">The Knight Move.</span></p>
-    <img src="images/i_110_c.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="287" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_215">(215)</a> 2.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_216">(216)</a> A £3,&emsp;B £6,&emsp;C £18.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_217">(217)</a> Cannot be answered.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_218">(218)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left bbox space-below1 space-above1" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="8" rules="cols">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">8</td> <td class="tdc">256</td>
-        <td class="tdc">2</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">4</td> <td class="tdc">16</td>
-        <td class="tdc">64</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">128</td> <td class="tdc">1</td>
-        <td class="tdc">32</td>
-   </tr></tbody></table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_219">(219)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left"  border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="2">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Even,</td> <td class="tdl">£6 against £6&mdash;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">£12</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">2 to 1,</td> <td class="tdl">£8 against £4&mdash;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">£12</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">3 to 1,</td> <td class="tdl">£9 against £3&mdash;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">£12</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr over" colspan="2">£13&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr"> Received.</td>
-   </tr></tbody></table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw3">Whichever horse wins, he must pay £12, and has received
-£13 to pay with.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_220">(220)</a> 8.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_221">(221)</a> 9 to 8 <i>on</i>.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_222">(222)</a> 1 lb. of feathers by 1240 grains;&emsp;1 oz. of gold by 42·5 grains.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_223">(223)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_111_a.jpg" alt="_" width="300" height="293" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_224">(224)</a> Sovereigns, 4;&emsp;half-crowns, 8.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_225">(225)</a> Count backwards, saying 20, 19, 18, 17,
-with emphasis on the <i>17</i>, remarking “That’s odd, isn’t it?” The reply
-will be “Yes.” Proceed in that manner throughout. This question and
-No. 6, although not the best of “catches,” are often asked.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_226">(226)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="2">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdr" rowspan="4">&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">SIX</td>
-        <td class="tdr">IX</td>
-        <td class="tdr">XL</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">IX</td>
-        <td class="tdr">X</td>
-        <td class="tdr">L</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr" colspan="3">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">S&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdr">I</td>
-        <td class="tdr">X</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_227">(227)</a> Man 24, woman 16.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_228">(228)</a> 72 miles.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_229">(229)</a> The diameter of the earth.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_230">(230)</a> £420.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_231">(231)</a> ·000011574.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_232">(232)</a> 18 seconds.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_233">(233)</a> 19·405 inches.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_234">(234)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_111_b.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="92" />
-    <p class="no-indent">He must cut the piece of veneer as<br />
-       shown by the middle figure, when he<br />
-       will be able to get his two ovals.</p>
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_235">(235)</a> Because you double it when you put it in
-your pocket, and you see it in creases (increases) when you take it out. </li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_236">(236)</a> He did this in two ways;&mdash;<br />
-<table  class="float-left space-above1 space-below1" border="0" cellspacing="0" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdc"><i>Table</i></td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Full.</td> <td class="tdc">Half-full.</td>
-        <td class="tdc">Empty.</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">1</td> <td class="tdc">|</td>
-        <td class="tdc">2</td> <td class="tdc">3</td>
-        <td class="tdc">2</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">2</td> <td class="tdc">|</td>
-        <td class="tdc">2</td> <td class="tdc">3</td>
-        <td class="tdc">2</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">3</td> <td class="tdc">|</td>
-        <td class="tdc">3</td>  <td class="tdc">1</td>
-        <td class="tdc">3</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc over">&nbsp;&emsp;1&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc over">|</td>
-        <td class="tdc over">&nbsp;&emsp;3&emsp;&nbsp;</td>  <td class="tdc over">&nbsp;&emsp;1&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdc over">&nbsp;&emsp;3&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">2</td> <td class="tdc">|</td>
-        <td class="tdc">3</td>  <td class="tdc">1</td>
-        <td class="tdc">3</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdc">3</td> <td class="tdc">|</td>
-        <td class="tdc">1</td>  <td class="tdc">5</td>
-        <td class="tdc">1</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_242">(242)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_111_c.jpg" alt="_" width="100" height="173" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_243">(243)</a><br />
-<span class="ws7">7</span><br />
-<span class="ws4">7&emsp;6&emsp;7</span><br />
-<span class="ws7">5</span><br />
-<span class="ws7">4</span><br />
-<span class="ws7">3</span><br />
-<span class="ws7">2</span><br />
-<span class="ws7">1</span><br />
-</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_244">(244)</a> 180.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_245">(245)</a> Worked 27 days, idle 33.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_246">(246)</a> XIX, take away I, leaves XX.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_247">(247)</a> The Cadi added his camel to the
-17, thus making 18 in all; then the oldest son received 9, second son 6,
-youngest 2. He then took his own camel, and, departing, left the sons
-quite satisfied.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_248">(248)</a> 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 lbs.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_249">(249)</a> 13 horses, 26 cattle, 39 pigs.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_250">(250)</a> 12 ft. 11⅞ in.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_251">(251)</a>   1st &nbsp;boy, &nbsp;14·18 farthings<br />
-<span class="ws5">2nd &nbsp;"&emsp;&emsp;3·82&emsp;&nbsp;"</span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_252">(252)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left space-below1" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="4">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Jack,</td> <td class="tdl">10 yrs.</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Tom</td> <td class="tdl"><b>FIVE</b></td>
-        <td class="tdl">Tom</td> <td class="tdl"><b>F</b>ive</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">James,</td> <td class="tdl">9&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Bob</td> <td class="tdl"><b>S</b>ix</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Bob</td> <td class="tdl"><b>S</b>ix</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Fred,</td> <td class="tdl">8&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Jack</td> <td class="tdl"><b>T</b>en</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Fred</td> <td class="tdl"><b>E</b>ight</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Bob,</td> <td class="tdl">6&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Baby</td> <td class="tdl"><b>O</b>ne</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Jack</td> <td class="tdl"><b>T</b>en</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Tom,</td> <td class="tdl">5&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">James</td> <td class="tdl"><b>N</b>ine</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Baby</td> <td class="tdl"><b>O</b>ne</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">Baby,</td> <td class="tdl">1&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">Fred</td> <td class="tdl"><b>E</b>ight</td>
-        <td class="tdl">James</td> <td class="tdl"><b>N</b>ine</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_253">(253)</a> 79·26 feet.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_254">(254)</a> 9 plus 9 plus 9 plus 3 = 30, 39 <sup>9</sup>&frasl;<sub>9</sub> = 40,
- or 28 <sup>2</sup>&frasl;<sub>1</sub> = 30, 28 plus 12 = 40.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_255">(255)</a> 5d.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_256">(256)</a> 196078431372549.<br />Method: Keep on adding imaginary
-3’s until it comes out thus&mdash;</li>
-</ul>
-
-<table class="space-below1" border="0" cellspacing="0" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl" rowspan="2">17&nbsp;)</td> <td class="tdl">33</td>
-        <td class="tdl" rowspan="2">(&nbsp;196078431372549</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">17</td> <td class="tdl"></td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<table class="space-below1" border="0" cellspacing="0" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">To prove it:&mdash;&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">196078431372549</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">17</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdr">Proof&mdash;&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr over">3333333333333333</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<ul class="answr">
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_257">(257)</a><br />
-<table  class="float-left space-below1" border="0" cellspacing="0" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-  <tbody><tr>
-        <td class="tdl_top" rowspan="6">28 eggs.&emsp;Method:&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
-        <td class="tdl">1½ hens lay</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;1½ eggs in</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;1½ days</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">1½&nbsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;3&emsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;3&emsp;&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">3&emsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;6&emsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;3&emsp;&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">3&emsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;2&emsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;1&emsp;&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">6&emsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;4&emsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;1&emsp;&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr><tr>
-        <td class="tdl">6&emsp;&emsp;"&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">28&emsp;&nbsp; "&emsp;"</td>
-        <td class="tdl">&nbsp;7&emsp;&emsp;"</td>
-   </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_258">(258)</a> Tom, 4s. 6d. per day; Bill, 3s.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_259">(259)</a> 1000.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_260">(260)</a> 1 inch remainder.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_261">(261)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_112_a.jpg" alt="_" width="150" height="147" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_262">(262)</a> 393,213 shillings.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_263">(263)</a> <sup>2</sup>&frasl;<sub>9</sub>.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_264">(264)</a> 9½.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_265">(265)</a> 4 seconds.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_266">(266)</a> Loses £50.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_267">(267)</a> He will never enter the water,
-because the frog’s jump, at any time, is only half-way to the water.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_268">(268)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_112_b.jpg" alt="_" width="200" height="106" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_269">(269)</a> 1⅔ minutes.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_270">(270)</a> 49 years.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_271">(271)</a> 3 minutes.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_272">(272)</a><br />
-<div class="figleft">
-    <img src="images/i_112_c.jpg" alt="_" width="400" height="39" />
-</div></li>
-
-<li class="iansw2">
-Let A be starting point of Orderly; B be starting point of General;
-C be point at which Orderly returns to his place, the rear having
-marched 50 miles to this point; D be point at which Orderly delivers
-his despatches; E be destination of front rank or General of Army.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw">Let <i>x</i> eq. number of miles between C and D.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2">Then AD eq. (50 plus <i>x</i>) miles; BD eq. (25 plus
-<i>x</i>) miles; DE eq. (25 minus <i>x</i>) miles; and AD plus DC eq. (50 plus
-2<i>x</i>) miles, and is the total distance the Orderly travels.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw2">Now Orderly rides from A to D, while General
-marches from B to D, and Orderly returns from D to C, while General
-marches from D to E, and Orderly and Army travel at a uniform rate.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw center">∴ AD : BD :: DC : DE<br />
-or 50 plus <i>x</i> : 25 plus <i>x</i> :: <i>x</i> : 25 - <i>x</i><br />
-∴ 1250 - 25<i>x</i> - <i>x</i><sup>2</sup> eq. 25<i>x</i> plus <i>x</i><sup>2</sup><br />
-Whence <i>x</i> eq. 15.45 plus.<br />
-∴&nbsp; Orderly rides 50 plus 30.9 plus<br />
-eq. 80.9 plus<br />
-eq. 80 miles 1587 yards nearly.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_273">(273)</a> 400 lbs.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_274">(274)</a> Gentleman 30,&emsp;boy 15.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_275">(275)</a> Ride, 44 miles;&emsp;area, 77,440 acres.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw3"><a id="ans_276">(276)</a> Translation: The foundation stone of this
-building was laid in 1880 by Sir Charles Lilley, for many years Chief
-Justice, and formerly a distinguished member of the Government of
-this colony. He was prominent amongst those who worked for the first
-establishment of this school, and afterwards, by his generous gifts
-and by his wise counsel as a trustee, contributed greatly to its
-advancement. The trustees have, therefore, erected this tablet to
-perpetuate his memory here. A.D. 1898.</li>
-
-<li class="iansw"><a id="ans_277">(277)</a> The agent owes the firm  £7 19s.</li>
-</ul>
-<p class="center space-above2"><b>DIDDAMS PRINTER, BRISBANE.</b></p>
-<hr class="r25" />
-<div class="transnote bbox">
-<p class="f120 space-above1">Transcriber's Notes:</p>
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p class="covernote">The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>
-<p class="indent">Antiquated spellings have been preserved.</p>
-<p class="indent">Typographical errors have been silently corrected but other variations
-    in spelling and punctuation remain unaltered.</p>
-<p class="indent">  Answers are provided at the end of the book to numbered questions,
-    however in the original text, numbers 237 to 241 were omitted
-    for some reason.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
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