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Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..adc8f1c --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #52131 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52131) diff --git a/old/52131-0.txt b/old/52131-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index bad6664..0000000 --- a/old/52131-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1765 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mentor: The Yosemite Valley, Vol 4, -Num. 16, Serial No. 116, October 2, 191, by Dwight L. Elmendorf - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Mentor: The Yosemite Valley, Vol 4, Num. 16, Serial No. 116, October 2, 1916 - -Author: Dwight L. Elmendorf - -Release Date: May 22, 2016 [EBook #52131] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MENTOR: THE YOSEMITE *** - - - - -Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - - THE MENTOR 1916.10.02, No. 116, - The Yosemite Valley - - LEARN ONE THING - EVERY DAY - - OCTOBER 2 1916 SERIAL NO. 116 - - THE - MENTOR - - THE YOSEMITE - VALLEY - - By DWIGHT L. ELMENDORF - Lecturer and Traveler - - DEPARTMENT OF VOLUME 4 - TRAVEL NUMBER 16 - - FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY - - - - -The Incomparable Yosemite - - -No temple made with hands can compare with the Yosemite. Every rock in -its walls seems to glow with life. Some lean back in majestic repose; -others, absolutely sheer or nearly so for thousands of feet, advance -beyond their companions in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to -storms and calms alike, seemingly aware, yet heedless, of everything -going on about them. - - * * * * * - -Awful in stern, immovable majesty, how softly these rocks are adorned, -and how fine and reassuring the company they keep: their feet among -beautiful groves and meadows, their brows in the sky, a thousand -flowers leaning confidingly against their feet, bathed in floods of -water, floods of light, while the snow and waterfalls, the winds and -avalanches and clouds shine and sing and wreathe about them as the -years go by, and myriads of small winged creatures--birds, bees, -butterflies--give glad animation and help to make all the air into -music. - - * * * * * - -Down through the middle of the Valley flows the crystal Merced, River -of Mercy, reflecting lilies and trees and the onlooking rocks; things -frail and fleeting and types of endurance meeting here and blending -in countless forms, as if into this one mountain mansion Nature had -gathered her choicest treasures to draw her lovers into close and -confiding communion with her. - - JOHN MUIR. - - - - -[Illustration: FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING - -CATHEDRAL SPIRES, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK] - - - - -_THE YOSEMITE VALLEY_ - -_The Story of the Valley_ - -ONE - - -It was once said that “a man has to be an awful liar to tell the -truth about California”; and this applies especially to the wonderful -Yosemite (yo-sem´-it-ee) Valley. The name Yosemite means “full grown -grizzly bear.” The Valley lies on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada -range, and is washed by the Merced River. - -There is no record of the early Spanish settlers of California ever -having known the Yosemite. It was always a stronghold for the mountain -tribes of Indians, and descendants of the Yosemite Indians still live -there. - -During the gold rush to California, in 1849, a prospector wandering -on a trail up the Merced River was the first white man to view this -beautiful region. Two years later a band of soldiers came upon the -Valley suddenly while pursuing marauding Indians. The discovery came -about in this way: - -For some time previous to 1851 the Yosemite Indians, believing -themselves secure in their mountain stronghold, had given a great -deal of trouble to the military authorities of the United States by -their defiant plundering. Major Savage, in command of the Mariposa -Battalion of United States forces, at first tried to treat peaceably -with them. The Yosemites, however, suspicious that Major Savage was -merely attempting to get the tribe into his power, would not accept his -offers. Then Major Savage went out after them. This was in the winter, -and they had to break a trail through the snow. Suddenly they came in -sight of a most wonderful valley. They went into camp on the bank of -the Merced River, opposite the peak which is now known as El Capitan. - -After the meal, in discussing this glorious spot which they had -discovered, it was suggested that a name be given it. One of the party, -Dr. Bunnell, proposed that it be called the “Yosemite Valley,” to -perpetuate the name of the tribe that had so long made its home there. -This name was unanimously adopted. - -The expedition remained one day and two nights in the Valley, and then -were forced to hurry out at the approach of a storm. In three days they -had made the round trip through the Valley, exploring it in a general -way, and had named some of its principal features. The Indians whom -they had gone out to capture, however, were not seen. Later, in 1851, -another expedition was made to the Valley in pursuit of the Indians. -This was in charge of Capt. John Boling, and Dr. Bunnell accompanied -the party. Several Indians were captured, and additional explorations -were made. - -Not many visits were made to the Valley before 1855. The first regular -tourists’ visit was made by J. M. Hutchings, who, having heard of its -wonderful scenery, collected a party and went there. The following year -regular tourist travel began. The first house built in the Yosemite -Valley was erected in 1855. This was afterwards known as Black’s Hotel. -It was situated directly opposite the Yosemite Fall. Years ago the -old Sentinel Hotel was built by the side of the Merced River, and as -patronage increased three cottage annexes to this simple hostelry were -erected--one immediately adjoining the hotel building and two across -the road. In time a small village grew up along the road and camps were -established in the meadows and woods near by. The old Sentinel has now -given way to the large new hotel across the river near the foot of the -falls. This opens in the beginning of 1917. - -The first permanent settler in the Yosemite Valley was J. C. Lamon, who -built a cabin in the very end of it in 1860 and planted gardens and -orchards. Four years later an act of Congress granted the Valley itself -and the adjacent territory to the State of California on the condition -that it be held forever as a public park. In 1905, however, California -gave back the Valley to the United States, and it now forms part of the -Yosemite National Park, which was created in 1890. - - PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION - ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116 - COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. - - - - -[Illustration: FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING - -YOSEMITE FALLS. YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK] - - - - -_THE YOSEMITE VALLEY_ - -_The Waterfalls_ - -TWO - - -The finest photograph is inadequate to convey to the mind a -satisfactory impression of the Yosemite Falls. The Yosemite Creek -descends to the valley floor in three leaps, with a total height of -about 2,500 feet. It is the highest known cataract in the world. The -upper fall has a vertical descent of 1,430 feet; the middle fall -consists of a series of cascades, with a total descent of 626 feet; -while the lower fall is 320 feet high. At the top the Yosemite Falls -is about 35 feet wide. As the season advances and the volume of water -decreases, the fall dwindles considerably. At its best, however, it is -one of the grandest features of the Valley. In winter a splendid ice -cone, 500 feet high, forms at the foot of the upper fall. - -Near Cathedral Spires, the Bridal Veil Fall pours down. People love it -for its delicate, spirit-like beauty. It has a clear vertical fall of -about 630 feet, with a width of 50 to 70 feet. The name is derived from -the effect on it of the wind, which makes it flutter like a white veil. - -The Bridal Veil shoots from the upper ledge of the cliff by the -velocity the stream has acquired in descending a long slope above the -head of the fall. Usually the fall strikes on flat topped slabs, which -form a kind of ledge about two-thirds of the way down. Between four and -five o’clock in the afternoon beautiful rainbows may be seen in this -fall. - -The Nevada Falls, 594 feet high, is generally ranked next to the -Yosemite in interest. It is a heavy, turbulent cataract. Before -reaching the bottom of its plunge the fall is broken and scattered by a -sloping portion of the cliff about half-way down. It is the stormiest -and whitest of all the falls in the Valley. - -The Vernal Falls has a vertical descent of 317 feet and varies in width -from 70 to 80 feet. This fall is an orderly, graceful, easy-going one. -It may be more closely approached than any other. Just above it is the -beautiful Emerald Pool. - -The Illilouette Falls has a total height of about 370 feet. It is not -so impressive as the upper Yosemite, nor so symmetrical as the Vernal, -nor so graceful as Bridal Veil, nor so stormy a gush as Nevada; but, as -John Muir says, “In the exquisite fineness and richness of texture of -its flowing folds, it surpasses them all.” - -There are many other small falls and cascades in the Yosemite Valley, -among them being the Yosemite Gorge Fall and Cascades, the Royal Arch -Falls, the Two Sentinel Cascades, and the falls of Cascade and Tamarack -Creeks. The Royal Arch Fall in time of high water is beautiful; and the -Two Sentinel Cascades, 3,000 feet high, are also wonderful spectacles. -By the middle of summer, however, these have diminished so greatly that -they are hardly noticeable. - -The volume of water in the falls of the Valley varies greatly at -different times--and so do the accounts of the altitude of the -cataracts. You may have Illilouette Falls anywhere from 370 to 600 -feet high, and the Upper Yosemite Falls anywhere from 1,400 to 1,600 -feet high--just according to whom you ask. There is a like variation -in the statements of the altitude of summits, and the size and age of -the giant trees. Our figures are taken from the documents issued by the -Department of the Interior of the United States Government. - - PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION - ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116 - COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. - - - - -[Illustration: FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING - -EL CAPITAN, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK] - - - - -_THE YOSEMITE VALLEY_ - -_The Summits_ - -THREE - - -First in impressiveness and second only to the waterfalls in beauty, -are the summits of the Yosemite Valley. Of all these summits El Capitan -stands preëminent, although it is not the highest; that honor belonging -to Cloud’s Rest. - -El Capitan, probably the largest mass of single rock in the world, -stands on the north wall of the valley. It rises almost vertically -3,600 feet above the plain, and it is nearly rectangular in shape. Its -two vast faces measure about 160 acres each in area. You can judge of -its size by singling out what appears to be a green bush which took -root and is growing in a shallow niche far up on the face of the rock. -That green bush is called “The Lone Pine,” and _it is 150 feet high_. -El Capitan stands like a grand old veteran, and it is one of the most -imposing monuments that nature has left to show the terrific forces -which at one time worked their will with this planet. Its summit may be -reached by a long and arduous journey, which is seldom undertaken. - -Half Dome, or South Dome, as it is sometimes called, rises at the head -of the Yosemite Valley to the height of 4,892 feet above the valley -floor. It forms the eastern terminus of the Valley. It is one of -the wonders of the natural world, and is a unique thing in mountain -scenery. Sweeping up 3,000 feet, its walls bear only a few pine trees. -Above this it ascends perpendicularly nearly 2,000 feet straight into -the sky, while its rounded summit falls steeply curved on the opposite -side. It has been described as “incomparably the most wonderful, -striking and impressive feature of the region. In strangeness of shape -this hemispherical mountain of solid granite is singular among the -world’s geological marvels, and its sublime height and firm soaring -outline impose it upon the imagination more than would be possible to -bulk alone. From every part of the upper half of the Valley the eye is -compelled, as if by force of physical attraction, to return to this -extraordinary mountain, which one can never tire of contemplating. One -looks upon it as one would gaze at some majestic fragment of statuary.” - -Half Dome was first ascended in 1875 by George Anderson. He practically -pulled himself to the summit by means of a rope attached to iron pegs -driven in the rock. He inserted his bolts five or six feet apart, and -made his rope fast to each in succession, resting his feet on the last -bolt while he drilled a hole for the next above. He accomplished his -ascent in a few days; and he hoped to complete a stairway, so that -tourists might ascend the Dome. But while he was preparing timber for -his stairway he was taken sick, and died all alone in his little cabin. - -To the east of El Capitan are the peaks named the Three Brothers, the -highest of which, known also as Eagle Peak, is a favorite viewpoint. -Glacier Point is another frequently visited peak. It is in many -respects the finest point of vantage from which to view the Valley. -Opposite is Washington Column, and immediately to the westward of this -are the Royal Arches, formed of curious curved layers of rock, firmly -recessed, where gigantic displacements have produced a strange vaulted -effect. Over these towers North Dome, polished and gray, rises in a -perfect curve 3,571 feet above the Valley. It is the best exhibition -of the round head rock formation that is so marked a feature of this -region. - -Guarding the Bridal Veil Falls are the Three Graces. These look across -the Valley to their counterparts, the Three Brothers. Near them are -Cathedral Rock and Cathedral Spires. Cathedral Rock is not so high nor -so massive as El Capitan, nor are its sides quite so nearly vertical. -Its summit is 2,660 feet above the Valley. The graceful pinnacles of -rock called Cathedral Spires are isolated columns of granite. From one -point of view these spires rise above the edge of the cliff exactly -like two towers of a Gothic cathedral. They are said to have been given -their name because of a fancied resemblance to the Duomo at Florence, -in Italy. - -Sentinel Rock is the most conspicuous rock on the south face of the -Valley. It stands about in the middle of the Valley, and resembles a -ruined tower 3,100 feet in height. Beneath Sentinel Rock is Yosemite, -the little village of the Valley. Right across the river opposite is -the Yosemite Falls. - -Cloud’s Rest commands a splendid view of the High Sierra. Cloud’s Rest -is a long, bare, steep and extremely high granite ridge. It is higher -than Half Dome, being nearly 10,000 feet above sea level. - - PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION - ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116 - COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. - - - - -[Illustration: FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING - -HALF DOME, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK] - - - - -_THE YOSEMITE VALLEY_ - -_The Trails_ - -FOUR - - -The supreme enjoyment of the Yosemite Valley is to be found by pursuing -its trails. There are many of these, some offering more points of -interest and beauty than others. - -The climb to Glacier Point is of all the most popular. There are three -methods of making the ascent--on foot, on horseback, and by auto-car. -A great many prefer the horse or mule and the bridle path. This trail -leads from the valley floor along the banks of the Merced River and -past and above Vernal Falls and on to Nevada Falls. Then it follows -the picturesque Illilouette Creek to its fall. Then the trail ascends -the steep face of the cliff in zig zags. When the last height is won -and Glacier Point is reached, the view is worth all the struggle. From -Glacier Point may be seen the Tenaya Canyon, the Vernal and Nevada -Falls, the Cap of Liberty, Half Dome, the High Sierra, and most of -the Yosemite Valley. There is a comfortable little hotel and a camp -at Glacier Point. Many stay over night, and use the spot as a point -of departure on various trails--for Sentinel Dome, Taft Point, Dewey -Point, and the long trail tramp to Wawona. - -The top of Sentinel Dome may be reached from Glacier Point by a short -journey, and the trail is in good condition. If possible, the view from -here exceeds in grandeur that from Glacier Point. - -After reaching Glacier Point most visitors return by the short trail. -This zig zags down abruptly, making its descent in four and a half -miles. It is full of thrills. For those who are nervous there is just -one rule to remember: “Fix your faith on your mule--and hold tight.” -The trail passes Agassiz’s Column, a giant obelisk that rises 85 feet -in the air from the top of the cliff, leads by Sentinel Falls, and -emerges on the plain below at the foot of Sentinel Rock. - -The ledge trail is the most difficult. It goes almost straight up from -Camp Curry at the base of Glacier Point. This ascent has been made in -a little over an hour. It is a trail that only strong climbers should -attempt. - -Another wonderful climb is that to Eagle Peak and Yosemite Point. A -steep but well-made bridle path crosses the bridge over the creek -descending from Yosemite Falls. The trail goes to the right shortly -after, and, ascending some distance, finally reaches a spot near the -foot of the Upper Yosemite Fall. Then the trail leads to the top of the -Yosemite Fall and from there a path goes to Lake Tenaya. The view from -Eagle Peak extends further to the west than that of Glacier Point. - -The trail to Vernal and Nevada Falls leads past Happy Isles and is full -of beauty and interest. It winds along the side of the rushing Merced -River. The trail leads over a bridge commanding one of the best views -of Vernal Falls, and shortly after passing Register Rock, it leads to -Vernal Falls. Behind this fall rises the picturesque Cap of Liberty. -This may be ascended by experts, but it is a difficult climb. The top -of Vernal Falls may be reached by an easy path protected by an iron -chain. - -From Register Rock the trail, which now becomes narrower and steeper, -makes a wide sweep to the right before reaching the top of Vernal -Falls, where the flat rock permits an approach to the edge of the -water. Just above is the beautiful Emerald Pool. The trail recrosses -the river about half-way between the top of Vernal Falls and the bottom -of Nevada Falls. Above the bridge is the Diamond Cascade, and below -it is the Silver Apron, both beautiful waterfalls. From here may be -obtained a fine view of the superb Nevada Falls. A steep and zig-zag -trail leads to its top. - -To reach Cloud’s Rest visitors follow the Vernal Falls Trail, diverging -from it before reaching the bridge above the falls. The trip to Cloud’s -Rest takes one day, and is a favorite among energetic tourists. From -the Cloud’s Rest trail climbers can turn east and ascend the round -summit of Half Dome. The extraordinary formation of this mountain -attracts climbers, who are curious to see what the top of it is like. -They find it to be just what they expect--a curved, smooth surface. - -For anyone who has two or three days to spare for a single expedition, -the trip to Merced Lake is a choice one. The lake is reached in one day -by the trail that leads to Vernal and Nevada Falls. After the falls -have been left behind the trail is a rough, wild path, disclosing -scenes of great beauty on every hand. There is a comfortable lodge at -the Lake, and in its waters are more fish than you can catch--yes, you -and all your friends--in many a day. - -Some of these trails lead on into the larger spaces of Yosemite -National Park. The great majority of visitors confine themselves to the -territory included in the Valley. - - PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION - ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116 - COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. - - - - -[Illustration: FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING - -THE THREE BROTHERS, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK] - - - - -_THE YOSEMITE VALLEY_ - -_The Camps_ - -FIVE - - -The Valley is a camper’s paradise. Years ago travelers discovered -its many advantages. The combination of deep shaded woods and open -meadows, with a fine water supply close at hand, made its appeal to -all lovers of nature, and long ago the Valley became a favorite resort -for campers. Out of single parties, there soon developed an organized -camping system in the Valley. As a result, there are now a number of -little tent and bungalow communities, with populations varying from -two or three hundred up to nearly two thousand. At one time, during -1915, the population of Camp Curry exceeded two thousand. To the -lover of out-door life who wants to rest close to the earth, there is -nothing more delightful than tent and bungalow life. The United States -Government and the Park Service Company offer every convenience to -campers, so that no one need bring material nor any supplies into the -Valley. The camper may determine the conditions under which he will -live. He may bring his own tent, if he cares to. Then, after securing -a permit, he may pick out his own spot and raise his simple roof tree. -Aside from the established camps there are spaces of land set apart -and numbered, and these are for the use of those utterly care-free -pilgrims who prefer to settle on a spot of their own choosing and -lead the simple life. Upon arriving, the prospective camper can get a -full equipment on reasonable terms. A list will be supplied to him, -from which he can select every necessary thing for camp life--from -a can-opener and tin pan to tents and tables. He can purchase these -articles, or he can rent them by the week. If a vagrant life is -desired, the camper may secure a pack-mule, pull up stakes from time to -time, and move about as he chooses. - -This is camp life in its most elementary aspect. From that the -conditions of tent and bungalow life in the Valley range up to the -finely equipped and organized camps, where the visitor may enjoy all -the advantages and luxuries of comfortable hotel life, while at the -same time living close to the ground. The established camps at present -are Awahnee, El Capitan, Yosemite Camp, Lost Arrow and Camp Curry. -The affairs of each camp are managed from its own central office, a -building where mail is received and the interests of the campers are -looked after. The daily life of these communities is full of incident. -Each camp has its entertainments and its gala performances. One has -a fine, large bathing pavilion and plunge; another, a festival hall. -Moving pictures are exhibited in the evenings; there are lectures and -concerts; and a large, well equipped dancing pavilion makes the hours -fly fast for young people. Communication between the camps is easy, -for there are auto-buses, “jitneys,” as well as ponies and burros, and -things are stirring actively among the camps most of the time. No one -need lack for entertainment. Between the single tent in a remote part -of the Valley and the populous camp community there is a wide range for -choice, and variety of conditions enough to make everyone happy. - - PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION - ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116 - COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. - - - - -[Illustration: FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING - -VIEW FROM GLACIER POINT TRAIL, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK] - - - - -_THE YOSEMITE VALLEY_ - -_The Big Trees_ - -SIX - - -A most interesting feature of the Yosemite region is the Big Trees. -There are three groves of giant trees near the valley--the Tuolumne, -Merced, and Mariposa. The first two named are small groves. The -important grove is the Mariposa. This grove is so called from its -situation in Mariposa (Butterfly) County. It occupies a tract of land -about four square miles in area, and consists of two definite groups -of trees. Its elevation above the sea level varies from 5,000 to 8,000 -feet. - -The Big Tree, or _Sequoia gigantea_, is found only on the west slope -of the Sierra Range. The Redwood, or _Sequoia sempervirens_, its twin -brother, is strictly a seaboard tree, being confined to the coast -ranges. The Big Tree, however, is the giant of all, and it is of this -species that the Mariposa Grove is made up. - -The first grove of Big Trees discovered by white men was the Calaveras -Grove of Big Trees in California. This was in the spring of 1852, and -the discoverer was A. T. Dowd. Soon the story of the Big Trees found -its way into the newspapers, and no other plant ever attracted so -much attention or gained such celebrity within so short a period. The -species was named in honor of Sequoyah, or Sequoia, to give it the -Latin spelling, a Cherokee Indian of mixed blood, who was also known -as George Guess. He invented an alphabet and written language for his -tribe. - -The Big Trees are the oldest living things in the world. It is -impossible to appreciate their huge size from a mere description. They -must be seen; and even then a sense of futility strikes the beholder. -The Big Trees grow in groves, never forming groups by themselves, but -always scattered among a much larger number of trees of other kinds. - -Says John Muir, the famous naturalist: “The whole tree for the first -century or two, or until it is a hundred or one hundred and fifty feet -high, is arrowhead in form, and, compared with the solemn rigidity of -age, seems as sensitive to the wind as a squirrel’s tail. As it grows -older, the lower branches are gradually dropped and the upper ones -thinned out, until comparatively few are left. The immensely strong, -stately shafts are free of limbs for one hundred and fifty feet or -so. The large limbs reach out with equal boldness in every direction, -showing no weather side, and no other tree has foliage so densely -massed, so finely molded in outline, and so perfectly subordinate to -an ideal type. A particularly knotty, angular, ungovernable-looking -branch, from five to seven or eight feet in diameter, and perhaps a -thousand years old, may occasionally be seen pushing out from the -trunk as if determined to break across the bounds of the regular -curve, but like all the others it dissolves in bosses of branchlets -and sprays as soon as the general outline is approached. Except in -picturesque old age, after being struck by lightning or broken by -thousands of snow-storms, the regularity of forms is one of their most -distinguishing characteristics. Another is the simple beauty of the -trunk, and its great thickness as compared with its height and the -width of the branches, which makes them look more like finely modeled -and sculptured architectural columns than the stems of trees, while the -great limbs look like rafters, supporting the magnificent dome-head. -But though so consummately beautiful, the Big Tree always seems -unfamiliar, with peculiar physiognomy, awfully solemn and earnest; yet -with all its strangeness it impresses us as being more at home than any -of its neighbors, holding the best right to the ground as the oldest, -strongest inhabitant.” - -The Mariposa Grove--which was discovered in 1857 by Galen Clark--lies -in a little valley occupying a depression on the back of a ridge. -The Lower Grove contains 240 fine Big Trees. The Grizzly Giant is -the largest of all. It has a circumference of ninety-three feet and -a diameter of thirty and six-tenths feet. Its main limb is six and -one-half feet in diameter. This tree is very much injured, and its size -has been decreased by burning. It has long since passed its prime, and -has a battered and worn appearance. - -In ascending to the Upper Grove the road goes through a tunnel cut -through the heart of the “Wawona,” a living Sequoia. This tunnel is ten -feet high and nine and one-half feet wide at the bottom. - -The Upper Grove contains 360 Big Trees, averaging in age about 2,500 -years. About ten of the trees exceed 250 feet in height. Three of these -have a circumference of over ninety feet. - -The bark of the largest trees is from one to two feet thick. Toward the -end of winter the trees bloom, while the snow is still eight or ten -feet deep. The flowers are pale green and pale yellow. The seeds are -small and light. The cones remain on the tree for many years. - -The Big Trees might live forever. There is no absolute limit to their -existence. Death is due only to an accident. The leaves alone die of -old age, and these are renewed. - - PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION - ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116 - COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. - - - - -THE MENTOR · DEPARTMENT OF TRAVEL · OCT. 2, 1916 - -[Illustration: Photograph by J. T. Boysen - -EL PORTAL - -The terminal of the railroad. From here a run of 10 miles is made up -Merced Canyon to Yosemite Valley] - -THE YOSEMITE VALLEY - -By DWIGHT L. ELMENDORF - -_Lecturer and Traveler_ - -_MENTOR COLOR PLATES_ - - CATHEDRAL SPIRES - YOSEMITE FALLS - EL CAPITAN - HALF DOME - THREE BROTHERS - VIEW FROM GLACIER POINT TRAIL - -Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1913, at the postoffice at New -York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1916, by The -Mentor Association, Inc. - - -Rest here for a time by the side of the Merced River while I tell you -something of this peaceful, lovely valley. Look over to that further -cliff and watch the silver stream of the Yosemite descend in three -gleaming white steps from the summit of rock 2,600 feet above us to the -meadow level where we stand. In its first flight of 1,430 feet it falls -a third of that distance in a snowy column, then turns to wreathing -smoke, through which many glistening darts shoot down to the rocky -basin below. Here the misty elements are resolved again into water, and -the stream tumbles frothing through rocks to its second flight, then on -to the lower fall of 320 feet, when it dashes on a bed of boulders and -hurries to join the Merced River. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -THE GATE TO THE VALLEY - -Bridal Veil Falls at right of picture] - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -VIEW FROM INSPIRATION POINT - -Bridal Veil Falls in the distance at right of picture] - -It is an ever present sight in the heart of the Valley, and our eyes -turn to it frequently during the hours of daylight. And, all through -the night, we hear the hushing sound of its falling waters as it -whispers to us of the many beautiful things that Nature has given us in -this valley of enchantment. - -So you see Yosemite in midsummer. Then its fall is almost as fairy-like -as that of Bridal Veil. But in April and May, when it pours down the -accumulation of the winter snows, it is a foaming torrent, and its tone -is deep and strong. - -The Yosemite has been gradually disclosing its features to us since -early morning. The first impression that we experience as we leave the -town of Merced is one of steady ascent into a narrow gorge, through -which a busy, turbulent stream--the Merced River--pursues its course. -The train labors sturdily up until it reaches El Portal, where there is -a pause at the hotel for lunch. Then the trip is resumed in auto buses -that take us on up through a valley, winding and narrowing into a notch -that seems at times as if it would end in sheer walls of rock. But, -in the course of an hour or more the way broadens, and we find wider -stretches, wooded with tall pines and stately sequoias. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -MERCED CANYON - -The approach to the Valley] - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -MIRROR LAKE - -As seen in the early morning] - -Then we catch a glimpse of Elephant Rock, of Cathedral Spires, of -the delicate lacery of Bridal Veil Falls, and, opposite, the massive -bulk of El Capitan. Soon the slender, swanlike neck of Yosemite Falls -appears, and we roll through Camp Awahnee and out into the wide, level -vale where Yosemite Village rests. Here we draw a long breath, and -a sense of peace and contentment takes possession of us--a feeling -of complete isolation from the world of care and trouble. There is -something so intimate and friendly--so “homey”--about the wide, green -meadow that stretches before us from the banks of the fast flowing -Merced to the wood at the foot of Yosemite Falls. Around this level -mead the camps cluster; Yosemite, El Capitan, and Lost Arrow camps -close to the base of the falls, quiet Camp Awahnee by the roadside -across the river, and busy Camp Curry a mile east of the village and -just below Glacier Point. - - -_Yosemite National Park_ - -We are now in the very center of Yosemite Valley--though not of -Yosemite National Park. Do not mistake the part for the whole. The -Yosemite National Park--created a park October 1, 1890--is a huge -tract of land, 1,124 square miles in area. It contains many valleys, -mountains, streams, lakes, and waterfalls. Its vast territory has been -explored by countless travelers, and it is the favorite playground -of the Sierra Club--a body of hardy and adventurous men and women -trampers, campers, and mountain climbers. - -The particular gem of the Yosemite National Park is our dearly -treasured Yosemite Valley, seven miles in length--and that is what we -have come to visit. When we arrive there we reach a high elevation. The -floor of the Valley is 4,000 feet above sea level, and on all sides the -mountains rise to heights varying from 3,000 to 6,000 feet more. The -highest point in the Valley is the summit of Cloud’s Rest, which is -nearly 10,000 feet above sea level. - -[Illustration: Photograph by J. T. Boysen - -FORMER DAYS - -Four-horse stage in front of the old Sentinel Hotel. Yosemite Falls in -the background] - -[Illustration: Photograph by J. T. Boysen - -THE PRESENT DAY - -Automobiles everywhere. There is even a “jitney” service in the Valley] - -And, now that we are here, you ask: “What is this valley, and how -did it come to be?” There are several geological explanations of it, -varying in character. Prof. J. D. Whitney, the first scientist to study -the Sierra, thought that the Yosemite was “the result of the sinking -of a local block of the earth’s crust having the exact outlines of the -Valley,” and he denied that glacial action had anything to do with it. -But the generally accepted explanation is that the Valley was once a -tortuous river canyon cut by the Merced River, and that the cutting -work of this stream was done so fast that the “tributary valleys soon -remained hanging high on either side.” Then the canyon became the bed -of great glaciers which, in moving, “scooped” the Valley into its -present form. This, of course, was a matter of hundreds of thousands of -years. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -EVENING PRIMROSES - -Half Dome at the back] - -Accepting that explanation as correct, many of the natural conditions -that we find in the Valley are easy to understand--such as the smooth -polished surfaces of El Capitan and Half Dome. - -And now you ask: “What is there to do and see?” It is a valley of -varied diversions. There are many things to do and many beautiful -spots to visit, and you may choose according to your tastes and your -physical ability. Are you a sturdy tramper? You may take your pack -and staff and assail the mountain citadels that challenge you on every -side. Do you love the saddle? You can find bridle paths that will -lead you through the cool, dense woods, by lakesides, to the foot of -waterfalls, and up to the summits. Are you unequal to the exertion of -tramping or riding? The joys of the Yosemite are yours none the less, -for high powered auto cars will carry you in comfort to the points of -greatest interest in the Valley, out to the groves of giant trees, and -even up to the supreme commanding spot of all--Glacier Point. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -WINTER SCENE - -Half Dome in white] - -You may take in the Yosemite as a visiting tourist, in which five or -six days may suffice you for sightseeing, or you may settle down as a -camper or hotel guest, in which case days and weeks slip by, and you -soon lose all sense of time in the sweet repose of the Valley. For the -greater number a touring visit is all that is possible. You tell me -that you are here for a few days. How may you best occupy them? It is -not necessary for me to answer your question in detail, for the affairs -of the Valley have been systematized in a most businesslike fashion, -and all such information is ready to hand. You can obtain schedules of -trips for two, three, four, and on up to nine and ten days. The United -States Government has done and is doing a good work in developing -this great natural recreation park, and all the Government asks of us -is that we will take advantage of it. The attitude of Uncle Sam is -expressed in the legends posted on trees throughout the Valley, all -of which mean in substance: “This beautiful park is yours. Help us to -preserve it and make it attractive.” - - -_Evening in the Valley_ - -We have come up from Merced in the morning, and we have arrived in -the Valley at three o’clock. Let us make the most of the remainder of -this fair summer afternoon. We walk out across the green meadow for a -closer view of Yosemite Falls. The shadows of El Capitan and the Three -Brothers are already creeping over the valley, and the air has a touch -of evening cool as we enter the woods. The walk is longer than we -thought. The tall, sheer cliffs make the falls seem nearer than they -are. At length, after pursuing the path for some distance through the -woods, we come upon an open spot from which we can gaze up and drink -in the beauty of the three white leaps of water. This is the favorite -spot--the choice viewpoint of artists and photographers. A short climb -brings us to the foot of the lower falls, and there we rest and watch -the seething basin while the soft mist plays upon our faces. The woods -about us are in deep shadow and odorous of pine. Above us goes the -trail that leads up through a narrow gorge to a point at the summit of -the falls. We are seated in the very sanctuary of the Yosemite. It is -an hour to remember. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -THE ZIG ZAG - -On the Glacier Point Trail] - -On returning, we pause a moment by the roadside on the meadow at the -concrete bench placed there in memory of Galen Clark, a lover and -student of the Yosemite, and discoverer of the giant trees of the -Mariposa Grove. Galen Clark apparently drew vitality from his aged tree -friends, for he lived to be 96 years old. He is buried in the Valley, -and the concrete bench is placed on the spot where he frequently -sat to gaze on the falls. Though it is now evening and the sun has -disappeared, the Valley is suffused with soft reflected light from the -huge flat, mirror-like face of Half Dome. In the course of an hour the -golden glow on that great oval surface of rock far above us turns to -shimmering silver, and then to a ghostly gray that finally gives way to -night. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -GLACIER POINT HOTEL AND CAMP - -3,254 feet above the Valley and 7,250 feet above sea level] - - -_Mirror Lake and Happy Isles_ - -In the early morning let us go to Mirror Lake. This beautiful little -sheet of water lies not far from the village and in a natural bowl at -the foot of Half Dome and Mount Watkins. The mirror effects are best -seen in the early hours shortly after sunrise. - -[Illustration: Photograph by J. T. Boysen - -A FOREST FRIEND - -He prefers sweets, but he will accept eagerly any form of -nourishment--and he does not scorn tobacco] - -On the way back stop for a half hour at Happy Isles. That brief visit -will not suffice you, for you will find time, even in a short stay in -the Yosemite, to slip away for several half hours to the quiet shades -and laughing waters of Happy Isles. The Merced has woven a necklace of -sparkling waves about these little wooded islands, and made of them -an ideal retreat for a sunny afternoon. If you rest there late in the -day look for the dainty little water bird that John Muir calls the -“water-ouzel.” I watched one for an hour on the lower island. He has -his nest close to the surface of the stream, and he plays joyously, -half in and half out of the water, part time flitting over the spray, -and part time dipping under, until his sleek gray-black coat shines -like satin. - -There are trails and roads in all directions. What will you choose? -Since you have now seen Happy Isles, go on to the foot of Vernal -Falls. You have simply to follow the path past Happy Isles, and go on -up the Merced River. It will repay you, for Vernal Falls is a beautiful -down-pour of water, 317 feet in height. And, while you are following -this trail, go on still further till you reach Nevada Falls, the most -impressive of all the cataracts in the Park. Its height is 594 feet, -and the volume of water that it pours exceeds that of any of the -others. If you would get an adequate impression of its power, climb to -the top of Nevada Falls and look down. You will not forget the sight. - -If you love fishing, you would do well to take your rod on such a trip, -for trout can be found in the pools of the Merced. If fishing is your -main object, follow the trail on up to Merced Lake, where you may be -assured of finding a full day’s sport. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -“WINKEY” AT GLACIER POINT] - -If, however, tramping and climbing are your choice, you can continue -from Nevada Falls and go on one or the other of two splendidly -adventurous trails--either turning up to the left to climb the summit -of Cloud’s Rest or Half Dome, or winding to the right to reach -far-famed Glacier Point. If you take the latter trail you will catch -a fine view of Illilouette Falls, a beautiful cataract 370 feet in -height, seen only by hardy climbers. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -CAMP CURRY] - - -_Glacier Point_ - -You may not be equal to such a climb. If so, save Glacier Point for a -special trip--on muleback if you can stand it; if not, then go up the -road in an auto car. There are a number of ways of scaling Glacier -Point. I have mentioned one trail. The bridle trail goes up the long -way and comes down the short--all done in one day if one chooses. -This trail offers many scenic beauties and some real thrills for -those unaccustomed to dizzy heights. The shortest way of all is what -is called the “ledge trail,” which starts near Camp Curry, directly -underneath Glacier Point, and goes pretty nearly straight up. This -calls for the sturdiest kind of climbing--and some nerve. - -“All very well,” exclaims the timorous, “but for me, the auto car.” -And, indeed, the auto car trip offers many advantages besides comfort -and ease. The road for part of the way is the one that you take to -Wawona and the big trees. You pass Artists’ Point and Inspiration -Point, both of them affording lovely views. Then you turn off and -pursue a course along the mountain ridge for miles. There, 7,000 -feet in altitude, you wind through magnificent woods of pine and -sequoia that line out majestic cathedral naves before you. The somber -shadows that envelop you are shot through with golden beams of light. -Occasionally you come upon rich green, natural open meadows, where wild -flowers abound. A black or brown bear may cross your path. He is a -well-behaved citizen, and he will accept appreciatively any nourishment -that you offer him. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -WINTER AT GLACIER POINT] - -You may go to Glacier Point and back by auto car in one day, but I -advise staying over night. By all means see the sunset and sunrise from -Glacier Point--and then you will feel that you really know the Valley. -It lies there like a map below you. Opposite you rise the great heights -of El Capitan, Three Brothers, Yosemite Point, North Dome, Basket Dome, -and Watkins. The Tenaya Canyon stretches off to the northeast. To your -right rise the peak of Cloud’s Rest and the bald head of Half Dome, and -below them, still further to the right, is the Little Yosemite Valley, -down which pour the torrents of Nevada and Vernal Falls. Both cataracts -are in sight from where you stand, and you can plainly hear the sound -of their waters. And beyond all these, and stretching far away to the -horizon, are the snow-capped summits of the High Sierra. Beneath you, -3,200 feet down, lies the floor of the Valley. And, as the shadows of -night gather, the lights of the village and the camps twinkle there -like reflected stars. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -SKATING ON THE MERCED] - - -_The Giant Trees_ - -There are three groves of giant sequoias in the Yosemite region--the -Tuolomne, the Merced, and the Mariposa--and they are visited by almost -everyone who goes to the Yosemite Valley. The Tuolomne and Merced -groves may be seen in a single day’s trip, for they are not far apart -and neither of them is large. The Merced Grove contains forty giants, -the Tuolomne twenty, the chief of which is the Dead Giant. Cars drive -through this monster just as they do through the Wawona tree in the -Mariposa Grove. The ride to the Tuolomne Grove is very picturesque and -thrilling, offering one special point of advantage--New Inspiration -Point, from which, in the afternoon, Bridal Veil Falls may be seen -playing through constantly shifting rainbows. - -Mariposa Grove was discovered in 1857, and is the largest grove of its -kind in the world. It contains more than five hundred monster sequoias, -the largest of which is the famous Grizzly Giant, 204 feet in height -and about 30 feet in diameter at the base. You may be told that this -is the largest tree in the world. That is not true. There are several -larger sequoias. The General Grant tree in General Grant Park is 264 -feet in height and nearly 35 feet in diameter. The largest known tree -is the General Sherman in the Sequoia National Park, which measures 280 -feet high and is 36 feet and 5 inches in diameter at the base. - -You may be told also that these great trees are seven and even eight -thousand years old. Take that statement with consideration. The -sequoias are very hardy vegetables, and are undoubtedly the oldest -things living, but the scientists tell us that the veteran trees run -in age from 1,500 to 2,500 years, and that the oldest tree, of whose -age record there is no question, is somewhat over 3,000 years old. John -Muir states that he has found one tree for which he claims an age of -4,000 years. - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -ILLILOUETTE FALLS - -370 feet in height] - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -VERNAL FALLS - -317 feet in height] - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -NEVADA FALLS - -594 feet in height] - -But a matter of a thousand years or so does not detract from the -dignity of these majestic forest Sons of Anak. Their age and size are -enough to command our reverence, and no one should visit the Yosemite -without going to the groves to pay respect to these ancient monarchs. - -[Illustration: Photograph by J. T. Boysen - -THE WAWONA TREE, MARIPOSA GROVE - -In front of the tree stands Galen Clark, who discovered the Mariposa -Grove of Big Trees in 1857] - -You must visit the Mariposa Grove at least, and I urge you to give it a -special day. You can ride over and return to Yosemite in one day, but I -would advise you, in case your visit is a brief one, to save the grove -for the last day. Ride to Wawona the afternoon before and stay at that -restful little spot overnight. Then visit the grove in the morning, and -after that go on to Miami Lodge, and down through the mountains, and -across the rich San Joaquin Valley to Fresno, where you can end your -trip and reach the main railroad lines. - -But let me not usher you out of the Valley in this manner. Let me -rather urge you to remain. A taste of camp life will surely convince -you if my words do not. Camp life is one of the most delightful -features of the Yosemite. Camp facilities and conveniences have been -arranged to suit every person and every purse. You may enter one of the -regularly organized camps, or you may obtain a permit and pitch your -own tent in a specially selected spot. - -To those who plan to settle for a time in the Park the camps make a -strong appeal. Camp life is a refreshing change from conventional -things, and the heart grows younger under it. - -The peculiar charm of the Yosemite is the “nearness and dearness” -of its features, and it is through camp life that we come to feel -this charm. It is not long before El Capitan, the Bridal Veil, the -Three Brothers, the Three Graces and Half Dome become objects of -fond affection, and the whole Valley appears to be a vast playground -especially prepared by Nature to delight the hearts of her children. - - -_SUPPLEMENTARY READING_ - - GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YOSEMITE PARK _Issued by the - U. S. Government_ - - SKETCH OF YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK _By F. E. Matthes_ - - DISCOVERY OF THE YOSEMITE _By H. L. Bunnell_ - - YOSEMITE TRAILS _By J. S. Chase_ - - THE YOSEMITE VALLEY _By Galen Clark_ - - YOSEMITE SOUVENIR AND GUIDE _By D. J. Foley_ - - OUR NATIONAL PARKS _By John Muir_ - - THE YOSEMITE _By John Muir_ - -⁂ Information concerning the above books may be had on application to -the Editor of The Mentor. - - - - -THE OPEN LETTER - - -[Illustration: Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury - -THE LAUGHING WATERS OF HAPPY ISLES] - -In some scenery there is an element of awe--a grimness that makes -us shudder. The charm of the Yosemite is that, with all its scenic -splendor it is so serenely beautiful, so restful in character, and so -endearing. There is no lack of majesty. Lofty summits surround us--some -of them stern in aspect. El Capitan is a vast, beetling cliff, the -Three Brothers are grim granite companions, and the peak of Cloud’s -Rest is remote and austere. But, down in the valley, all is gentle and -lovely. - - * * * * * - -I have visited the valley more than once, and I know its spell. Its -soothing influence dulls the edge of decision. However energetic and -purposeful we may be on arrival, we find, after a few days, that we -have, quite unconsciously, eaten of the lotus of forgetfulness. Plans -for various strenuous activities are modified; things that at first -seemed urgent are postponed; and the day of departure drops into the -list of life’s little uncertainties. Events take their own course; we -yield to the current. Yesterday we followed the mountain trail, and we -were full of the stir and thrill of it. Today we find other and quieter -joys. So we let the climbers now call us indolent. We let them take to -the summits while we hold to the valley. We are content. The flowers -that offer themselves at our feet are as fair as those that they find -on the heights. The air about us is soft and fragrant, and “sweet is -the whisper of the pine trees by the river.” Our hearts are in unison -with the pastoral poet, and we ask for nothing better today than to -rest here and dream in the Happy Isles. - - * * * * * - -The valley is undergoing changes and improvements. The conditions there -have always been very simple. Within recent years the government, -realizing that the Yosemite was a wonderful natural playground, has -done much to develop it. If a visitor of former years should go to -the Yosemite today, he would rub his eyes and exclaim at the changes. -He would find the old Sentinel Hotel and cottages superseded by the -luxurious new hotel, and the village largely transplanted to the other -side of the Merced. In place of the old-fashioned stages, he would -find the ever-present auto-car. He would find the Glacier Point Hotel -renewed and enlarged, and many improvements in the valley camps. He -would find well-equipped lodges and chalets scattered through the -Park for the comfort of those who take the long, arduous trails. The -Yosemite is now an all-year-round resort, where winter as well as -summer sport may be enjoyed. Uncle Sam’s invitation is: “Come to your -pleasure Park, forget your cares for a while, and rest and play.” - -[Illustration: W. D. Moffat - -EDITOR] - - - - -THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION - - -ESTABLISHED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POPULAR INTEREST IN ART, -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, HISTORY, NATURE, AND TRAVEL - -CONTRIBUTORS--PROF. JOHN C. VAN DYKE, HAMILTON W. MABIE, PROF. ALBERT -BUSHNELL HART, REAR ADMIRAL ROBERT E. PEARY, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, -DWIGHT L. ELMENDORF, HENRY T. FINCK, WILLIAM WINTER, ESTHER SINGLETON, -PROF. G. W. BOTSFORD, IDA M. TARBELL, GUSTAV KOBBÉ, DEAN C. WORCESTER, -JOHN K. MUMFORD, W. J. HOLLAND, LORADO TAFT, KENYON COX, E. H. FORBUSH, -H. E. KREHBIEL, SAMUEL ISHAM, BURGES JOHNSON, STEPHEN BONSAL, JAMES -HUNEKER, W. J. HENDERSON, AND OTHERS. - -The purpose of The Mentor Association is to give its members, in an -interesting and attractive way, the information in various fields of -knowledge which everybody wants to have. The information is imparted -by interesting reading matter, prepared under the direction of leading -authorities, and by beautiful pictures, produced by the most highly -perfected modern processes. - -THE MENTOR IS PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH - -BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC., AT 52 EAST NINETEENTH STREET, NEW -YORK, N. Y. SUBSCRIPTION, THREE DOLLARS A YEAR. FOREIGN POSTAGE 75 -CENTS EXTRA. CANADIAN POSTAGE 50 CENTS EXTRA. SINGLE COPIES FIFTEEN -CENTS. PRESIDENT, THOMAS H. BECK; VICE-PRESIDENT, WALTER P. TEN -EYCK; SECRETARY, W. D. MOFFAT; TREASURER, ROBERT M. DONALDSON; ASST. -TREASURER AND ASST. SECRETARY, J. S. CAMPBELL - - * * * * * - -COMPLETE YOUR MENTOR LIBRARY - -Subscriptions always begin with the current issue. The following -numbers of The Mentor Course, already issued, will be sent postpaid at -the rate of fifteen cents each. - - Serial - No. - 1. Beautiful Children In Art - 2. Makers of American Poetry - 3. Washington, the Capital - 4. Beautiful Women in Art - 5. Romantic Ireland - 6. Masters of Music - 7. Natural Wonders of America - 8. Pictures We Love to Live With - 9. The Conquest of the Peaks - 10. Scotland, the Land of Song and Scenery - 11. Cherubs in Art - 12. Statues With a Story - 13. Story of America in Pictures: The Discoverers - 14. London - 15. The Story of Panama - 16. American Birds of Beauty - 17. Dutch Masterpieces - 18. Paris, the Incomparable - 19. Flowers of Decoration - 20. Makers of American Humor - 21. American Sea Painters - 22. Story of America in Pictures: The Explorers - 23. Sporting Vacations - 24. Switzerland: The Land of Scenic Splendors - 25. American Novelists - 26. American Landscape Painters - 27. Venice, the Island City - 28. The Wife in Art - 29. Great American Inventors - 30. Furniture and Its Makers - 31. Spain and Gibraltar - 32. Historic Spots of America - 33. Beautiful Buildings of the World - 34. Game Birds of America - 35. Story of America in Pictures: The Contest for North America - 36. Famous American Sculptors - 37. The Conquest of the Poles - 38. Napoleon - 39. The Mediterranean - 40. Angels in Art - 41. Famous Composers - 42. Egypt, the Land of Mystery - 43. Story of America in Pictures: The Revolution - 44. Famous English Poets - 45. Makers of American Art - 46. The Ruins of Rome - 47. Makers of Modern Opera - 48. Dürer and Holbein - 49. Vienna, the Queen City - 50. Ancient Athens - 51. The Barbizon Painters - 52. Abraham Lincoln - 53. George Washington - 54. Mexico - 55. Famous American Women Painters - 56. The Conquest of the Air - 57. Court Painters of France - 58. Holland - 59. Our Feathered Friends - 60. Glacier National Park - 61. Michelangelo - 62. American Colonial Furniture - 63. American Wild Flowers - 64. Gothic Architecture - 65. The Story of the Rhine - 66. Shakespeare - 67. American Mural Painters - 68. Celebrated Animal Characters - 69. Japan - 70. The Story of the French Revolution - 71. Rugs and Rug Making - 72. Alaska - 73. Charles Dickens - 74. Grecian Masterpieces - 75. Fathers of the Constitution - 76. Masters of the Piano - 77. American Historic Homes - 78. Beauty Spots of India - 79. Etchers and Etching - 80. Oliver Cromwell - 81. China - 82. Favorite Trees - 83. Yellowstone National Park - 84. Famous Women Writers of England - 85. Painters of Western Life - 86. China and Pottery of Our Forefathers - 87. The Story of The American Railroad - 88. Butterflies - 89. The Philippines - 90. Great Galleries of The World: The Louvre - 91. William M. Thackeray - 92. Grand Canyon of Arizona - 93. Architecture in American Country Homes - 94. The Story of The Danube - 95. Animals in Art - 96. The Holy Land - 97. John Milton - 98. Joan Of Arc - 99. Furniture of the Revolutionary Period - 100. The Ring of the Nibelung - 101. The Golden Age of Greece - 102. Chinese Rugs - 103. The War of 1812 - 104. Great Galleries of the World: The National Gallery, London - 105. Masters of the Violin - 106. American Pioneer Prose Writers - 107. Old Silver - 108. Shakespeare’s Country - 109. Historic Gardens of New England - 110. The Weather - 111. American Poets of the Soil - 112. Argentina - 113. Game Animals of America - 114. Raphael - 115. Walter Scott - -NUMBERS TO FOLLOW - -October 16. JOHN PAUL JONES. _By Professor Albert Bushnell Hart, -Harvard University._ - -November 1. RUSSIAN MUSIC. _By Henry T. Finck, Author and Music Critic._ - -THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC. - -52 EAST 19th STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. - - - - -THE MENTOR - - -_WE OFFER YOU The Mentor Index FREE_ - -The MENTOR LIBRARY is itself a wonderful time saver. The Index, -however, has now made it doubly valuable. Suppose, for instance, you -have a letter to write, a speech to make; some member of your household -has a paper for a woman’s club; one of the children has a topic -assigned at school; where can material be found at a moment’s notice? -Nowhere that we know of so readily, so concisely, so interestingly, as -in this Index to The Mentor Library. - -Take the subject General Aguinaldo--who is often referred to in the -papers these days. See what The Mentor says of him. In the Index you -read: - -Aguinaldo, Gen., No. 89, M. 1 - -You turn to Mentor 89, monograph one. There you find the life story of -Aguinaldo, right down to the present. - -Remarkable, isn’t it? So it is on every one of the other thousands of -subjects. You have at your finger tips what ordinarily would take you -hours and even days to cover in scattered volumes. We offer one FREE, -if you complete your Mentor Library now. - -COST OF SETS OF PREVIOUS ISSUES - - Issues Nos. 1 to 110 inclusive $16.50 - Issues Nos. 1 to 100 inclusive 15.00 - Issues Nos. 1 to 90 inclusive 13.50 - Issues Nos. 1 to 80 inclusive 12.00 - Issues Nos. 1 to 70 inclusive 10.50 - Issues Nos. 1 to 60 inclusive 9.00 - Issues Nos. 1 to 50 inclusive 7.50 - Issues Nos. 1 to 40 inclusive 6.00 - Issues Nos. 1 to 30 inclusive 4.50 - Issues Nos. 1 to 20 inclusive 3.00 - Issues Nos. 1 to 10 inclusive 1.50 - -FIFTEEN CENTS EXTRA FOR ODD COPIES - -Payable $1.00 on Receipt of Bill and $2.00 Monthly - -SEND NO MONEY NOW! Merely tell us at once how many copies you need to -complete your set. - -THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION - -52 EAST NINETEENTH STREET--NEW YORK, N. Y. - -MAKE THE SPARE MOMENT COUNT - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mentor: The Yosemite Valley, Vol -4, Num. 16, Serial No. 116, October , by Dwight L. 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Elmendorf - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Mentor: The Yosemite Valley, Vol 4, Num. 16, Serial No. 116, October 2, 1916 - -Author: Dwight L. Elmendorf - -Release Date: May 22, 2016 [EBook #52131] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MENTOR: THE YOSEMITE *** - - - - -Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<h1>THE MENTOR 1916.10.02, No. 116,<br /> -The Yosemite Valley</h1> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 476px;"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="476" height="700" alt="Cover page" /> -</div> - -<div class="bbox"> - -<p class="center gesperrt smaller">LEARN ONE THING<br /> -EVERY DAY</p> - -<p class="smaller noindent">OCTOBER 2 1916</p> - -<p class="right smaller noindent" style="margin-top: -2em;">SERIAL NO. 116</p> - -<p class="center larger">THE<br /> -MENTOR</p> - -<p class="center">THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</p> - -<p class="center smaller">By DWIGHT L. ELMENDORF<br /> -Lecturer and Traveler</p> - -<p class="smaller noindent">DEPARTMENT OF<br /> -TRAVEL</p> - -<p class="right smaller noindent" style="margin-top: -3em;">VOLUME 4<br /> -NUMBER 16</p> - -<p class="center smaller">FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY</p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="bbox-dashed"> - -<h2>The Incomparable Yosemite</h2> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;"> -<img src="images/leaf-double.jpg" width="100" height="47" alt="(decorative)" /> -</div> - -<p>No temple made with hands can compare with the -Yosemite. Every rock in its walls seems to glow -with life. Some lean back in majestic repose; others, -absolutely sheer or nearly so for thousands of feet, advance -beyond their companions in thoughtful attitudes, -giving welcome to storms and calms alike, seemingly -aware, yet heedless, of everything going on about them.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 30px;"> -<img src="images/flower.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" /> -</div> - -<p>Awful in stern, immovable majesty, how softly -these rocks are adorned, and how fine and reassuring -the company they keep: their feet among beautiful -groves and meadows, their brows in the sky, a thousand -flowers leaning confidingly against their feet, bathed in -floods of water, floods of light, while the snow and waterfalls, -the winds and avalanches and clouds shine and -sing and wreathe about them as the years go by, and -myriads of small winged creatures—birds, bees, butterflies—give -glad animation and help to make all the air -into music.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 30px;"> -<img src="images/flower.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" /> -</div> - -<p>Down through the middle of the Valley flows the -crystal Merced, River of Mercy, reflecting lilies -and trees and the onlooking rocks; things frail and fleeting -and types of endurance meeting here and blending -in countless forms, as if into this one mountain mansion -Nature had gathered her choicest treasures to draw her -lovers into close and confiding communion with her.</p> - -<p class="right">JOHN MUIR.</p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 460px;"> - -<img src="images/plate1.jpg" width="460" height="650" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING</p> - -<p class="caption">CATHEDRAL SPIRES, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK</p> - -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2><i>THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</i><br /> -<span class="smaller"><i>The Story of the Valley</i></span></h2> -</div> - -<p class="line"><span class="linebg">ONE</span></p> - -<div> -<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-plain-i.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">It was once said that “a man has to be an awful -liar to tell the truth about California”; and this -applies especially to the wonderful Yosemite (yo-sem´-it-ee) -Valley. The name Yosemite means -“full grown grizzly bear.” The Valley lies on the west slope of -the Sierra Nevada range, and is washed by the Merced River.</p> - -<p>There is no record of the early Spanish -settlers of California ever having known -the Yosemite. It was always a stronghold -for the mountain tribes of Indians, and -descendants of the Yosemite Indians still -live there.</p> - -<p>During the gold rush to California, in -1849, a prospector wandering on a trail -up the Merced River was the first white -man to view this beautiful region. Two -years later a band of soldiers came upon -the Valley suddenly while pursuing -marauding Indians. The discovery came -about in this way:</p> - -<p>For some time previous to 1851 the -Yosemite Indians, believing themselves -secure in their mountain stronghold, had -given a great deal of trouble to the military -authorities of the United States by -their defiant plundering. Major Savage, -in command of the Mariposa Battalion -of United States forces, at first tried to -treat peaceably with them. The Yosemites, -however, suspicious that Major Savage -was merely attempting to get the -tribe into his power, would not accept his -offers. Then Major Savage went out -after them. This was in the winter, and -they had to break a trail through the -snow. Suddenly they came in sight of a -most wonderful valley. They went into -camp on the bank of the Merced River, -opposite the peak which is now known as -El Capitan.</p> - -<p>After the meal, in discussing this glorious -spot which they had discovered, it -was suggested that a name be given it. -One of the party, Dr. Bunnell, proposed -that it be called the “Yosemite Valley,” -to perpetuate the name of the tribe that -had so long made its home there. This -name was unanimously adopted.</p> - -<p>The expedition remained one day and -two nights in the Valley, and then were -forced to hurry out at the approach of a -storm. In three days they had made the -round trip through the Valley, exploring -it in a general way, and had named some -of its principal features. The Indians -whom they had gone out to capture, however, -were not seen. Later, in 1851, another -expedition was made to the Valley -in pursuit of the Indians. This was in -charge of Capt. John Boling, and Dr. -Bunnell accompanied the party. Several -Indians were captured, and additional explorations -were made.</p> - -<p>Not many visits were made to the Valley -before 1855. The first regular tourists’ -visit was made by J. M. Hutchings, who, -having heard of its wonderful scenery, -collected a party and went there. The -following year regular tourist travel began. -The first house built in the Yosemite -Valley was erected in 1855. This was -afterwards known as Black’s Hotel. It -was situated directly opposite the Yosemite -Fall. Years ago the old Sentinel Hotel -was built by the side of the Merced River, -and as patronage increased three cottage -annexes to this simple hostelry were erected—one -immediately adjoining the hotel -building and two across the road. In -time a small village grew up along the -road and camps were established in the -meadows and woods near by. The old -Sentinel has now given way to the large -new hotel across the river near the foot of -the falls. This opens in the beginning of -1917.</p> - -<p>The first permanent settler in the Yosemite -Valley was J. C. Lamon, who built -a cabin in the very end of it in 1860 and -planted gardens and orchards. Four -years later an act of Congress granted the -Valley itself and the adjacent territory to -the State of California on the condition -that it be held forever as a public park. -In 1905, however, California gave back -the Valley to the United States, and it -now forms part of the Yosemite National -Park, which was created in 1890.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br /> -ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116<br /> -COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 460px;"> - -<img src="images/plate2.jpg" width="460" height="650" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING</p> - -<p class="caption">YOSEMITE FALLS. YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK</p> - -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2><i>THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</i><br /> -<span class="smaller"><i>The Waterfalls</i></span></h2> -</div> - -<p class="line"><span class="linebg">TWO</span></p> - -<div> -<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-plain-t.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The finest photograph is inadequate to convey to -the mind a satisfactory impression of the Yosemite -Falls. The Yosemite Creek descends to the valley -floor in three leaps, with a total height of about 2,500 -feet. It is the highest known cataract in the world. The -upper fall has a vertical descent of 1,430 feet; the middle fall -consists of a series of cascades, with a -total descent of 626 feet; while the lower -fall is 320 feet high. At the top the Yosemite -Falls is about 35 feet wide. As the -season advances and the volume of water -decreases, the fall dwindles considerably. -At its best, however, it is one of the grandest -features of the Valley. In winter a -splendid ice cone, 500 feet high, forms at -the foot of the upper fall.</p> - -<p>Near Cathedral Spires, the Bridal Veil -Fall pours down. People love it for its -delicate, spirit-like beauty. It has a -clear vertical fall of about 630 feet, with -a width of 50 to 70 feet. The name is derived -from the effect on it of the wind, -which makes it flutter like a white veil.</p> - -<p>The Bridal Veil shoots from the upper -ledge of the cliff by the velocity the -stream has acquired in descending a long -slope above the head of the fall. Usually -the fall strikes on flat topped slabs, which -form a kind of ledge about two-thirds of -the way down. Between four and five -o’clock in the afternoon beautiful rainbows -may be seen in this fall.</p> - -<p>The Nevada Falls, 594 feet high, is generally -ranked next to the Yosemite in interest. -It is a heavy, turbulent cataract. -Before reaching the bottom of its plunge -the fall is broken and scattered by a sloping -portion of the cliff about half-way -down. It is the stormiest and whitest of -all the falls in the Valley.</p> - -<p>The Vernal Falls has a vertical descent -of 317 feet and varies in width from 70 -to 80 feet. This fall is an orderly, graceful, -easy-going one. It may be more -closely approached than any other. Just -above it is the beautiful Emerald Pool.</p> - -<p>The Illilouette Falls has a total height -of about 370 feet. It is not so impressive -as the upper Yosemite, nor so symmetrical -as the Vernal, nor so graceful as Bridal -Veil, nor so stormy a gush as Nevada; -but, as John Muir says, “In the exquisite -fineness and richness of texture of its -flowing folds, it surpasses them all.”</p> - -<p>There are many other small falls and -cascades in the Yosemite Valley, among -them being the Yosemite Gorge Fall and -Cascades, the Royal Arch Falls, the Two -Sentinel Cascades, and the falls of Cascade -and Tamarack Creeks. The Royal -Arch Fall in time of high water is beautiful; -and the Two Sentinel Cascades, -3,000 feet high, are also wonderful spectacles. -By the middle of summer, however, -these have diminished so greatly that -they are hardly noticeable.</p> - -<p>The volume of water in the falls of the -Valley varies greatly at different times—and -so do the accounts of the altitude of -the cataracts. You may have Illilouette -Falls anywhere from 370 to 600 feet high, -and the Upper Yosemite Falls anywhere -from 1,400 to 1,600 feet high—just according -to whom you ask. There is a like -variation in the statements of the altitude -of summits, and the size and age of -the giant trees. Our figures are taken -from the documents issued by the Department -of the Interior of the United States -Government.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br /> -ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116<br /> -COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 460px;"> - -<img src="images/plate3.jpg" width="460" height="650" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING</p> - -<p class="caption">EL CAPITAN, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK</p> - -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2><i>THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</i><br /> -<span class="smaller"><i>The Summits</i></span></h2> -</div> - -<p class="line"><span class="linebg">THREE</span></p> - -<div> -<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-plain-f.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">First in impressiveness and second only to the waterfalls -in beauty, are the summits of the Yosemite -Valley. Of all these summits El Capitan stands -preëminent, although it is not the highest; that -honor belonging to Cloud’s Rest.</p> - -<p>El Capitan, probably the largest mass of single rock in the -world, stands on the north wall of the -valley. It rises almost vertically 3,600 feet -above the plain, and it is nearly rectangular -in shape. Its two vast faces measure -about 160 acres each in area. You -can judge of its size by singling out what -appears to be a green bush which took -root and is growing in a shallow niche -far up on the face of the rock. That -green bush is called “The Lone Pine,” and -<i>it is 150 feet high</i>. El Capitan stands like -a grand old veteran, and it is one of -the most imposing monuments that -nature has left to show the terrific forces -which at one time worked their will with -this planet. Its summit may be reached -by a long and arduous journey, which is -seldom undertaken.</p> - -<p>Half Dome, or South Dome, as it is -sometimes called, rises at the head of the -Yosemite Valley to the height of 4,892 -feet above the valley floor. It forms the -eastern terminus of the Valley. It is one -of the wonders of the natural world, and -is a unique thing in mountain scenery. -Sweeping up 3,000 feet, its walls bear -only a few pine trees. Above this it ascends -perpendicularly nearly 2,000 feet -straight into the sky, while its rounded -summit falls steeply curved on the opposite -side. It has been described as “incomparably -the most wonderful, striking -and impressive feature of the region. In -strangeness of shape this hemispherical -mountain of solid granite is singular -among the world’s geological marvels, and -its sublime height and firm soaring outline -impose it upon the imagination more -than would be possible to bulk alone. -From every part of the upper half of the -Valley the eye is compelled, as if by force -of physical attraction, to return to this -extraordinary mountain, which one can -never tire of contemplating. One looks -upon it as one would gaze at some majestic -fragment of statuary.”</p> - -<p>Half Dome was first ascended in 1875 -by George Anderson. He practically -pulled himself to the summit by means of -a rope attached to iron pegs driven in the -rock. He inserted his bolts five or six -feet apart, and made his rope fast to each -in succession, resting his feet on the last -bolt while he drilled a hole for the next -above. He accomplished his ascent in a -few days; and he hoped to complete a -stairway, so that tourists might ascend -the Dome. But while he was preparing -timber for his stairway he was taken sick, -and died all alone in his little cabin.</p> - -<p>To the east of El Capitan are the peaks -named the Three Brothers, the highest of -which, known also as Eagle Peak, is a -favorite viewpoint. Glacier Point is another -frequently visited peak. It is in -many respects the finest point of vantage -from which to view the Valley. Opposite -is Washington Column, and immediately -to the westward of this are the Royal -Arches, formed of curious curved layers -of rock, firmly recessed, where gigantic -displacements have produced a strange -vaulted effect. Over these towers North -Dome, polished and gray, rises in a perfect -curve 3,571 feet above the Valley. It -is the best exhibition of the round head -rock formation that is so marked a feature -of this region.</p> - -<p>Guarding the Bridal Veil Falls are the -Three Graces. These look across the -Valley to their counterparts, the Three -Brothers. Near them are Cathedral -Rock and Cathedral Spires. Cathedral -Rock is not so high nor so massive as El -Capitan, nor are its sides quite so nearly -vertical. Its summit is 2,660 feet above -the Valley. The graceful pinnacles of -rock called Cathedral Spires are isolated -columns of granite. From one point of -view these spires rise above the edge of -the cliff exactly like two towers of a -Gothic cathedral. They are said to have -been given their name because of a fancied -resemblance to the Duomo at Florence, -in Italy.</p> - -<p>Sentinel Rock is the most conspicuous -rock on the south face of the Valley. It -stands about in the middle of the Valley, -and resembles a ruined tower 3,100 feet -in height. Beneath Sentinel Rock is Yosemite, -the little village of the Valley. -Right across the river opposite is the -Yosemite Falls.</p> - -<p>Cloud’s Rest commands a splendid -view of the High Sierra. Cloud’s Rest is -a long, bare, steep and extremely high -granite ridge. It is higher than Half -Dome, being nearly 10,000 feet above sea -level.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br /> -ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116<br /> -COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 460px;"> - -<img src="images/plate4.jpg" width="460" height="650" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING</p> - -<p class="caption">HALF DOME, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK</p> - -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2><i>THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</i><br /> -<span class="smaller"><i>The Trails</i></span></h2> -</div> - -<p class="line"><span class="linebg">FOUR</span></p> - -<div> -<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-plain-t.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The supreme enjoyment of the Yosemite Valley is -to be found by pursuing its trails. There are many -of these, some offering more points of interest and -beauty than others.</p> - -<p>The climb to Glacier Point is of all the most popular. -There are three methods of making the ascent—on foot, on -horseback, and by auto-car. A great many -prefer the horse or mule and the bridle -path. This trail leads from the valley floor -along the banks of the Merced River and -past and above Vernal Falls and on to -Nevada Falls. Then it follows the picturesque -Illilouette Creek to its fall. Then -the trail ascends the steep face of the -cliff in zig zags. When the last height is -won and Glacier Point is reached, the -view is worth all the struggle. From -Glacier Point may be seen the Tenaya -Canyon, the Vernal and Nevada Falls, -the Cap of Liberty, Half Dome, the High -Sierra, and most of the Yosemite Valley. -There is a comfortable little hotel and a -camp at Glacier Point. Many stay over -night, and use the spot as a point of departure -on various trails—for Sentinel -Dome, Taft Point, Dewey Point, and the -long trail tramp to Wawona.</p> - -<p>The top of Sentinel Dome may be -reached from Glacier Point by a short -journey, and the trail is in good condition. -If possible, the view from here exceeds in -grandeur that from Glacier Point.</p> - -<p>After reaching Glacier Point most visitors -return by the short trail. This zig -zags down abruptly, making its descent -in four and a half miles. It is full of -thrills. For those who are nervous there -is just one rule to remember: “Fix your -faith on your mule—and hold tight.” The -trail passes Agassiz’s Column, a giant obelisk -that rises 85 feet in the air from the -top of the cliff, leads by Sentinel Falls, and -emerges on the plain below at the foot of -Sentinel Rock.</p> - -<p>The ledge trail is the most difficult. It -goes almost straight up from Camp Curry -at the base of Glacier Point. This ascent -has been made in a little over an hour. It -is a trail that only strong climbers should -attempt.</p> - -<p>Another wonderful climb is that to -Eagle Peak and Yosemite Point. A steep -but well-made bridle path crosses the -bridge over the creek descending from -Yosemite Falls. The trail goes to the -right shortly after, and, ascending some -distance, finally reaches a spot near the -foot of the Upper Yosemite Fall. Then -the trail leads to the top of the Yosemite -Fall and from there a path goes to Lake -Tenaya. The view from Eagle Peak extends -further to the west than that of -Glacier Point.</p> - -<p>The trail to Vernal and Nevada Falls -leads past Happy Isles and is full of beauty -and interest. It winds along the side of -the rushing Merced River. The trail -leads over a bridge commanding one of -the best views of Vernal Falls, and shortly -after passing Register Rock, it leads to -Vernal Falls. Behind this fall rises the -picturesque Cap of Liberty. This may -be ascended by experts, but it is a difficult -climb. The top of Vernal Falls may be -reached by an easy path protected by an -iron chain.</p> - -<p>From Register Rock the trail, which -now becomes narrower and steeper, makes -a wide sweep to the right before reaching -the top of Vernal Falls, where the flat rock -permits an approach to the edge of the -water. Just above is the beautiful Emerald -Pool. The trail recrosses the river -about half-way between the top of Vernal -Falls and the bottom of Nevada Falls. -Above the bridge is the Diamond Cascade, -and below it is the Silver Apron, -both beautiful waterfalls. From here -may be obtained a fine view of the superb -Nevada Falls. A steep and zig-zag trail -leads to its top.</p> - -<p>To reach Cloud’s Rest visitors follow -the Vernal Falls Trail, diverging from it -before reaching the bridge above the falls. -The trip to Cloud’s Rest takes one day, -and is a favorite among energetic tourists. -From the Cloud’s Rest trail climbers can -turn east and ascend the round summit of -Half Dome. The extraordinary formation -of this mountain attracts climbers, who -are curious to see what the top of it is -like. They find it to be just what they -expect—a curved, smooth surface.</p> - -<p>For anyone who has two or three days -to spare for a single expedition, the trip to -Merced Lake is a choice one. The lake is -reached in one day by the trail that leads -to Vernal and Nevada Falls. After the -falls have been left behind the trail is a -rough, wild path, disclosing scenes of -great beauty on every hand. There is a -comfortable lodge at the Lake, and in its -waters are more fish than you can catch—yes, -you and all your friends—in many a -day.</p> - -<p>Some of these trails lead on into the -larger spaces of Yosemite National Park. -The great majority of visitors confine -themselves to the territory included in -the Valley.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br /> -ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116<br /> -COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 460px;"> - -<img src="images/plate5.jpg" width="460" height="650" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING</p> - -<p class="caption">THE THREE BROTHERS, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK</p> - -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2><i>THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</i><br /> -<span class="smaller"><i>The Camps</i></span></h2> -</div> - -<p class="line"><span class="linebg">FIVE</span></p> - -<div> -<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-plain-t.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The Valley is a camper’s paradise. Years ago travelers -discovered its many advantages. The combination -of deep shaded woods and open meadows, -with a fine water supply close at hand, made its -appeal to all lovers of nature, and long ago the Valley became -a favorite resort for campers. Out of single parties, there -soon developed an organized camping -system in the Valley. As a result, -there are now a number of little tent -and bungalow communities, with populations -varying from two or three hundred -up to nearly two thousand. At one time, -during 1915, the population of Camp -Curry exceeded two thousand. To the -lover of out-door life who wants to rest -close to the earth, there is nothing more -delightful than tent and bungalow life. -The United States Government and the -Park Service Company offer every convenience -to campers, so that no one need -bring material nor any supplies into the -Valley. The camper may determine the -conditions under which he will live. He -may bring his own tent, if he cares to. -Then, after securing a permit, he may -pick out his own spot and raise his simple -roof tree. Aside from the established -camps there are spaces of land set -apart and numbered, and these are for -the use of those utterly care-free pilgrims -who prefer to settle on a spot of -their own choosing and lead the simple life. -Upon arriving, the prospective camper -can get a full equipment on reasonable -terms. A list will be supplied to him, -from which he can select every necessary -thing for camp life—from a can-opener -and tin pan to tents and tables. He can -purchase these articles, or he can rent -them by the week. If a vagrant life is -desired, the camper may secure a pack-mule, -pull up stakes from time to time, -and move about as he chooses.</p> - -<p>This is camp life in its most elementary -aspect. From that the conditions of -tent and bungalow life in the Valley -range up to the finely equipped and -organized camps, where the visitor may -enjoy all the advantages and luxuries -of comfortable hotel life, while at the -same time living close to the ground. -The established camps at present are -Awahnee, El Capitan, Yosemite Camp, -Lost Arrow and Camp Curry. The -affairs of each camp are managed from -its own central office, a building where -mail is received and the interests of the -campers are looked after. The daily life -of these communities is full of incident. -Each camp has its entertainments and -its gala performances. One has a fine, -large bathing pavilion and plunge; another, -a festival hall. Moving pictures -are exhibited in the evenings; there -are lectures and concerts; and a large, -well equipped dancing pavilion makes -the hours fly fast for young people. -Communication between the camps is -easy, for there are auto-buses, “jitneys,” -as well as ponies and burros, and -things are stirring actively among the -camps most of the time. No one need -lack for entertainment. Between the -single tent in a remote part of the Valley -and the populous camp community there -is a wide range for choice, and variety of -conditions enough to make everyone -happy.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br /> -ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116<br /> -COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 460px;"> - -<img src="images/plate6.jpg" width="460" height="650" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">FROM A WATER COLOR PAINTING</p> - -<p class="caption">VIEW FROM GLACIER POINT TRAIL, YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK</p> - -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2><i>THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</i><br /> -<span class="smaller"><i>The Big Trees</i></span></h2> -</div> - -<p class="line"><span class="linebg">SIX</span></p> - -<div> -<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-plain-a.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">A most interesting feature of the Yosemite region -is the Big Trees. There are three groves of giant -trees near the valley—the Tuolumne, Merced, and -Mariposa. The first two named are small groves. -The important grove is the Mariposa. This grove is so -called from its situation in Mariposa (Butterfly) County. It -occupies a tract of land about four square -miles in area, and consists of two definite -groups of trees. Its elevation above the -sea level varies from 5,000 to 8,000 feet.</p> - -<p>The Big Tree, or <i>Sequoia gigantea</i>, is -found only on the west slope of the Sierra -Range. The Redwood, or <i>Sequoia sempervirens</i>, -its twin brother, is strictly a -seaboard tree, being confined to the coast -ranges. The Big Tree, however, is the -giant of all, and it is of this species that -the Mariposa Grove is made up.</p> - -<p>The first grove of Big Trees discovered -by white men was the Calaveras Grove of -Big Trees in California. This was in the -spring of 1852, and the discoverer was -A. T. Dowd. Soon the story of the Big -Trees found its way into the newspapers, -and no other plant ever attracted so much -attention or gained such celebrity within -so short a period. The species was named -in honor of Sequoyah, or Sequoia, to give -it the Latin spelling, a Cherokee Indian -of mixed blood, who was also known as -George Guess. He invented an alphabet -and written language for his tribe.</p> - -<p>The Big Trees are the oldest living -things in the world. It is impossible to -appreciate their huge size from a mere -description. They must be seen; and -even then a sense of futility strikes the -beholder. The Big Trees grow in groves, -never forming groups by themselves, but -always scattered among a much larger -number of trees of other kinds.</p> - -<p>Says John Muir, the famous naturalist: -“The whole tree for the first century -or two, or until it is a hundred or one -hundred and fifty feet high, is arrowhead -in form, and, compared with the solemn -rigidity of age, seems as sensitive to the -wind as a squirrel’s tail. As it grows -older, the lower branches are gradually -dropped and the upper ones thinned out, -until comparatively few are left. The -immensely strong, stately shafts are free -of limbs for one hundred and fifty feet or -so. The large limbs reach out with equal -boldness in every direction, showing no -weather side, and no other tree has foliage -so densely massed, so finely molded in -outline, and so perfectly subordinate to an -ideal type. A particularly knotty, angular, -ungovernable-looking branch, from -five to seven or eight feet in diameter, -and perhaps a thousand years old, may -occasionally be seen pushing out from -the trunk as if determined to break across -the bounds of the regular curve, but like -all the others it dissolves in bosses of -branchlets and sprays as soon as the general -outline is approached. Except in picturesque -old age, after being struck by -lightning or broken by thousands of snow-storms, -the regularity of forms is one of -their most distinguishing characteristics. -Another is the simple beauty of the trunk, -and its great thickness as compared with -its height and the width of the branches, -which makes them look more like finely -modeled and sculptured architectural columns -than the stems of trees, while the -great limbs look like rafters, supporting -the magnificent dome-head. But though -so consummately beautiful, the Big Tree -always seems unfamiliar, with peculiar -physiognomy, awfully solemn and earnest; -yet with all its strangeness it impresses us -as being more at home than any of its -neighbors, holding the best right to the -ground as the oldest, strongest inhabitant.”</p> - -<p>The Mariposa Grove—which was discovered -in 1857 by Galen Clark—lies in a -little valley occupying a depression on the -back of a ridge. The Lower Grove contains -240 fine Big Trees. The Grizzly -Giant is the largest of all. It has a circumference -of ninety-three feet and a -diameter of thirty and six-tenths feet. -Its main limb is six and one-half feet -in diameter. This tree is very much -injured, and its size has been decreased -by burning. It has long since passed -its prime, and has a battered and worn -appearance.</p> - -<p>In ascending to the Upper Grove the -road goes through a tunnel cut through -the heart of the “Wawona,” a living Sequoia. -This tunnel is ten feet high and -nine and one-half feet wide at the bottom.</p> - -<p>The Upper Grove contains 360 Big -Trees, averaging in age about 2,500 years. -About ten of the trees exceed 250 feet in -height. Three of these have a circumference -of over ninety feet.</p> - -<p>The bark of the largest trees is from -one to two feet thick. Toward the end of -winter the trees bloom, while the snow is -still eight or ten feet deep. The flowers -are pale green and pale yellow. The seeds -are small and light. The cones remain on -the tree for many years.</p> - -<p>The Big Trees might live forever. There -is no absolute limit to their existence. -Death is due only to an accident. The -leaves alone die of old age, and these are -renewed.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br /> -ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 16, SERIAL No. 116<br /> -COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p class="center larger">THE MENTOR · DEPARTMENT OF TRAVEL · OCT. 2, 1916</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/illus15.jpg" width="500" height="237" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by J. T. Boysen</p> - -<p class="caption">EL PORTAL</p> - -<p class="caption">The terminal of the railroad. From here a run of 10 miles is made up Merced Canyon to Yosemite Valley</p> - -</div> - -<h2>THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</h2> - -<p class="center">By DWIGHT L. ELMENDORF</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Lecturer and Traveler</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 30px;"> -<img src="images/book.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" /> -</div> - -<div class="container"> - -<p class="center"><i>MENTOR COLOR PLATES</i></p> - -<ul> -<li>CATHEDRAL SPIRES</li> -<li>YOSEMITE FALLS</li> -<li>EL CAPITAN</li> -<li>HALF DOME</li> -<li>THREE BROTHERS</li> -<li>VIEW FROM GLACIER POINT TRAIL</li> -</ul> - -</div> - -<p class="center smaller">Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1913, at the postoffice at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1916, -by The Mentor Association, Inc.</p> - -<div> -<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-italic-r.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">Rest here for a time by the side of the Merced River while -I tell you something of this peaceful, lovely valley. Look -over to that further cliff and watch the silver stream of the -Yosemite descend in three gleaming white steps from the -summit of rock 2,600 feet above us to the meadow level -where we stand. In its first flight of 1,430 feet it falls a third -of that distance in a snowy column, then turns to wreathing smoke, through -which many glistening darts shoot down to the rocky basin below. Here the -misty elements are resolved again into water, and the stream tumbles frothing -through rocks to its second flight, then on to the lower fall of 320 feet, -when it dashes on a bed of boulders and hurries to join the Merced River.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 400px;"> - -<img src="images/illus16a.jpg" width="400" height="267" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">THE GATE TO -THE VALLEY</p> - -<p class="caption">Bridal Veil Falls -at right of picture</p> - -</div> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 400px;"> - -<img src="images/illus17a.jpg" width="400" height="247" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">VIEW FROM -INSPIRATION -POINT</p> - -<p class="caption">Bridal Veil Falls -in the distance at -right of picture</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p>It is an ever present sight in the heart of the Valley, and our eyes turn to -it frequently during the hours of daylight. And, all through the night, we -hear the hushing sound of its falling waters as it whispers to us of the many -beautiful things that Nature has given us in this valley of enchantment.</p> - -<p>So you see Yosemite in midsummer. Then its fall is almost as -fairy-like as that of Bridal Veil. But in April and May, when it pours -down the accumulation of the winter snows, it is a foaming torrent, -and its tone is deep and strong.</p> - -<p>The Yosemite has been gradually disclosing its features to us since -early morning. The first impression that we experience as we leave -the town of Merced is one of steady ascent into a narrow gorge, through -which a busy, turbulent stream—the Merced River—pursues its course. -The train labors sturdily up until it reaches El Portal, where there is a -pause at the hotel for lunch. Then the trip is resumed in auto buses -that take us on up through a valley, winding and narrowing into a notch -that seems at times as if it would end in sheer walls of rock. But, in -the course of an hour or more the way broadens, and we find wider -stretches, wooded with tall pines and stately sequoias.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 300px;"> - -<img src="images/illus16b.jpg" width="300" height="269" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">MERCED CANYON</p> - -<p class="caption">The approach to the Valley</p> - -</div> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 300px;"> - -<img src="images/illus17b.jpg" width="300" height="272" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">MIRROR LAKE</p> - -<p class="caption">As seen in the early morning</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p>Then we catch a glimpse of Elephant Rock, of Cathedral Spires, of -the delicate lacery of Bridal Veil -Falls, and, opposite, the massive bulk -of El Capitan. Soon the slender, -swanlike neck of Yosemite Falls -appears, and we roll through Camp -Awahnee and out into the wide, -level vale where Yosemite Village -rests. Here we draw a long breath, -and a sense of peace and contentment -takes possession of us—a feeling of -complete isolation from the world of -care and trouble. There is something -so intimate and friendly—so -“homey”—about the wide, green -meadow that stretches before us -from the banks of the fast flowing -Merced to the wood at the foot of Yosemite Falls. Around this level -mead the camps cluster; Yosemite, El Capitan, and Lost Arrow camps -close to the base of the falls, quiet Camp Awahnee by the roadside -across the river, and busy Camp Curry a mile east of the village and -just below Glacier Point.</p> - -<h3><i>Yosemite National Park</i></h3> - -<p>We are now in the very center of Yosemite Valley—though not of -Yosemite National Park. Do not mistake the part for the whole. The -Yosemite National Park—created a park October 1, 1890—is a huge tract -of land, 1,124 square miles in area. It contains many valleys, mountains, -streams, lakes, and waterfalls. Its vast territory has been explored by -countless travelers, and it is the -favorite playground of the Sierra -Club—a body of hardy and adventurous -men and women trampers, -campers, and mountain climbers.</p> - -<p>The particular gem of the Yosemite -National Park is our dearly treasured -Yosemite Valley, seven miles in length—and -that is what we have come to -visit. When we arrive there we reach -a high elevation. The floor of the Valley -is 4,000 feet above sea level, and on -all sides the mountains rise to heights -varying from 3,000 to 6,000 feet more. -The highest point in the Valley is the -summit of Cloud’s Rest, which is -nearly 10,000 feet above sea level.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 400px;"> - -<img src="images/illus18a.jpg" width="400" height="254" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by J. T. Boysen</p> - -<p class="caption">FORMER DAYS</p> - -<p class="caption">Four-horse stage in front of the old Sentinel Hotel. Yosemite Falls in the background</p> - -</div> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 400px;"> - -<img src="images/illus19a.jpg" width="400" height="248" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by J. T. Boysen</p> - -<p class="caption">THE PRESENT DAY</p> - -<p class="caption">Automobiles everywhere. There is even a “jitney” service in the Valley</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p>And, now that we are here, you ask: “What -is this valley, and how did it come to be?” There -are several geological explanations of it, varying -in character. Prof. J. D. Whitney, the first scientist -to study the Sierra, thought that the Yosemite -was “the result of the sinking of a local block -of the earth’s crust having the exact outlines of -the Valley,” and he denied that glacial action had -anything to do with it. But the generally accepted -explanation is that the Valley was once a tortuous -river canyon cut by the Merced River, and -that the cutting work of this stream was done so -fast that the “tributary valleys soon remained -hanging high on either side.” Then the canyon -became the bed of great glaciers which, in -moving, “scooped” the Valley into its present -form. This, of course, was a matter of hundreds of thousands of years.</p> - -<div class="figleft" style="width: 177px;"> - -<img src="images/illus18b.jpg" width="177" height="300" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">EVENING PRIMROSES</p> - -<p class="caption">Half Dome at the back</p> - -</div> - -<p>Accepting that explanation as correct, many of the natural conditions -that we find in the Valley are easy to understand—such as the -smooth polished surfaces of El Capitan and Half Dome.</p> - -<p>And now you ask: “What is there to do and see?” It is a valley of -varied diversions. There are many things to do and many beautiful spots -to visit, and you may choose according to your tastes and your physical -ability. Are you a sturdy tramper? You may -take your pack and staff and assail the mountain -citadels that challenge you on every side. Do you -love the saddle? You can find bridle paths that -will lead you through the cool, dense woods, by -lakesides, to the foot of waterfalls, and up to the -summits. Are you unequal to the exertion of -tramping or riding? The joys of the Yosemite are -yours none the less, for high powered auto cars -will carry you in comfort to the points of greatest -interest in the Valley, out to the groves of giant -trees, and even up to the supreme commanding -spot of all—Glacier Point.</p> - -<div class="figright" style="width: 170px;"> - -<img src="images/illus19b.jpg" width="170" height="300" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">WINTER SCENE</p> - -<p class="caption">Half Dome in white</p> - -</div> - -<p>You may take in the Yosemite as a visiting -tourist, in which five or six days may suffice you for -sightseeing, or you may settle down as a camper or -hotel guest, in which case days and weeks slip -by, and you soon lose all sense of time in the sweet repose of the Valley. -For the greater number a touring visit is all that is possible. You tell -me that you are here for a few days. How may you best occupy them? -It is not necessary for me to answer your question in detail, for the affairs -of the Valley have been systematized in a most businesslike fashion, and -all such information is ready to hand. You can obtain schedules of trips -for two, three, four, and on up to nine and ten days. The United States -Government has done and is doing a good work in developing this great -natural recreation park, and all the Government asks of us is that we -will take advantage of it. The attitude of Uncle Sam is expressed in the -legends posted on trees throughout the Valley, all of which mean in -substance: “This beautiful park is yours. Help us to preserve it and -make it attractive.”</p> - -<h3><i>Evening in the Valley</i></h3> - -<p>We have come up from Merced in the morning, and we have arrived -in the Valley at three o’clock. Let us make the most of the remainder of -this fair summer afternoon. We walk out across the green meadow for -a closer view of Yosemite Falls. The shadows of El Capitan and the -Three Brothers are already creeping over the valley, and the air has a -touch of evening cool as we enter the woods. The walk is longer than -we thought. The tall, sheer cliffs make the falls seem nearer than they -are. At length, after pursuing the path for some distance through the -woods, we come upon an open spot from which we can gaze up and -drink in the beauty of the three white leaps of water. This is the favorite -spot—the choice viewpoint of artists and photographers. A short -climb brings us to the foot of the lower falls, and there we rest and watch -the seething basin while the soft mist plays upon our faces. The woods -about us are in deep shadow and odorous of pine. Above us goes the -trail that leads up through a narrow -gorge to a point at the summit of -the falls. We are seated in the very -sanctuary of the Yosemite. It is an -hour to remember.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 290px;"> - -<img src="images/illus20.jpg" width="290" height="400" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">THE ZIG ZAG</p> - -<p class="caption">On the Glacier Point Trail</p> - -</div> - -<p>On returning, we pause a moment -by the roadside on the meadow at the -concrete bench placed there in memory -of Galen Clark, a lover and student -of the Yosemite, and discoverer -of the giant trees of the Mariposa -Grove. Galen Clark apparently drew -vitality from his aged tree friends, -for he lived to be 96 years old. He -is buried in the Valley, and the concrete -bench is placed on the spot -where he frequently sat to gaze on -the falls. Though it is now evening -and the sun has disappeared, the -Valley is suffused with soft reflected -light from the huge flat, mirror-like -face of Half Dome. In the course of -an hour the golden glow on that great -oval surface of rock far above us turns to -shimmering silver, and then to a ghostly -gray that finally gives way to night.</p> - -<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;"> - -<img src="images/illus21b.jpg" width="400" height="214" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">GLACIER POINT HOTEL AND CAMP</p> - -<p class="caption">3,254 feet above the Valley and 7,250 feet above sea level</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>Mirror Lake and Happy Isles</i></h3> - -<p>In the early morning let us go to Mirror -Lake. This beautiful little sheet of water -lies not far from the village and in a natural -bowl at the foot of Half Dome and -Mount Watkins. The mirror effects are best -seen in the early hours shortly after sunrise.</p> - -<div class="figright" style="width: 284px;"> - -<img src="images/illus21a.jpg" width="284" height="300" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by J. T. Boysen</p> - -<p class="caption">A FOREST FRIEND</p> - -<p class="caption">He prefers sweets, but he will accept eagerly -any form of nourishment—and he does not -scorn tobacco</p> - -</div> - -<p>On the way back stop for a half hour -at Happy Isles. That brief visit will not -suffice you, for you will find time, even in -a short stay in the Yosemite, to slip away -for several half hours to the quiet shades and laughing waters of Happy -Isles. The Merced has woven a necklace of sparkling waves about these -little wooded islands, and made of them an ideal retreat for a sunny afternoon. -If you rest there late in the day look for the dainty little water -bird that John Muir calls the “water-ouzel.” I watched one for an hour -on the lower island. He has his nest close to the surface of the stream, -and he plays joyously, half in and half out of the water, part time -flitting over the spray, and part time dipping under, until his sleek -gray-black coat shines like satin.</p> - -<p>There are trails and roads in all directions. What will you choose? -Since you have now seen Happy Isles, go on to the foot of Vernal Falls. -You have simply to follow the path past Happy -Isles, and go on up the Merced River. It will -repay you, for Vernal Falls is a beautiful down-pour -of water, 317 feet in height. And, while you -are following this trail, go on still further till you -reach Nevada Falls, the most impressive of all the -cataracts in the Park. Its height is 594 feet, and -the volume of water that it pours exceeds that of -any of the others. If you would get an adequate -impression of its power, climb to the top of Nevada -Falls and look down. You will not forget the sight.</p> - -<p>If you love fishing, you would do well to take -your rod on such a trip, for trout can be found -in the pools of the Merced. If fishing is your main -object, follow the trail on up to Merced Lake, where -you may be assured of finding a full day’s sport.</p> - -<div class="figleft" style="width: 161px;"> - -<img src="images/illus22a.jpg" width="161" height="300" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">“WINKEY” AT GLACIER POINT</p> - -</div> - -<p>If, however, tramping and climbing are your -choice, you can continue from Nevada Falls and -go on one or the other of two splendidly adventurous -trails—either turning -up to the left to climb -the summit of Cloud’s Rest -or Half Dome, or winding -to the right to reach far-famed -Glacier Point. If -you take the latter trail -you will catch a fine view -of Illilouette Falls, a beautiful -cataract 370 feet in -height, seen only by hardy -climbers.</p> - -<div class="figright" style="width: 300px;"> - -<img src="images/illus22b.jpg" width="300" height="192" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">CAMP CURRY</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>Glacier Point</i></h3> - -<p>You may not be equal -to such a climb. If so, save Glacier Point for a special trip—on muleback -if you can stand it; if not, then go up the road in an auto car. There -are a number of ways of scaling Glacier Point. I have mentioned one -trail. The bridle trail goes up the long way and comes down the short—all -done in one day if one chooses. This trail offers many scenic beauties -and some real thrills for those unaccustomed to dizzy heights. The -shortest way of all is what is called the “ledge trail,” which starts near -Camp Curry, directly underneath Glacier Point, and goes pretty nearly -straight up. This calls for the sturdiest kind of climbing—and some nerve.</p> - -<p>“All very well,” exclaims the timorous, “but for me, the auto car.” -And, indeed, the auto car trip offers many advantages besides comfort -and ease. The road for part of the way is the one that you take to -Wawona and the big trees. You pass Artists’ Point -and Inspiration Point, both of them affording -lovely views. Then you turn off and pursue a -course along the mountain ridge for miles. There, -7,000 feet in altitude, you wind through magnificent -woods of pine and sequoia that line out -majestic cathedral naves before you. The somber -shadows that envelop you are shot through with -golden beams of light. Occasionally you come -upon rich green, natural open meadows, where -wild flowers abound. A black or brown bear may -cross your path. He is a well-behaved citizen, -and he will accept appreciatively any nourishment -that you offer him.</p> - -<div class="figleft" style="width: 160px;"> - -<img src="images/illus23a.jpg" width="160" height="300" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">WINTER AT GLACIER POINT</p> - -</div> - -<p>You may go to Glacier Point and back by auto -car in one day, but I advise staying over night. -By all means see the sunset and sunrise from -Glacier Point—and then you will feel that you -really know the Valley. It lies there like a map -below you. Opposite you -rise the great heights of -El Capitan, Three Brothers, -Yosemite Point, North -Dome, Basket Dome, and -Watkins. The Tenaya -Canyon stretches off to the -northeast. To your right -rise the peak of Cloud’s -Rest and the bald head of -Half Dome, and below -them, still further to the -right, is the Little Yosemite -Valley, down which -pour the torrents of Nevada -and Vernal Falls. Both cataracts are in sight from where you stand, and -you can plainly hear the sound of their waters. And beyond all these, -and stretching far away to the horizon, are the snow-capped summits of -the High Sierra. Beneath you, 3,200 feet down, lies the floor of the -Valley. And, as the shadows of night gather, the lights of the village and -the camps twinkle there like reflected stars.</p> - -<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;"> - -<img src="images/illus23b.jpg" width="400" height="253" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">SKATING ON THE MERCED</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>The Giant Trees</i></h3> - -<p>There are three groves of giant sequoias in the Yosemite region—the -Tuolomne, the Merced, and the Mariposa—and they are visited by -almost everyone who goes to the Yosemite Valley. The Tuolomne and -Merced groves may be seen in a single day’s trip, for they are not -far apart and neither of them is large. The -Merced Grove contains forty giants, the Tuolomne -twenty, the chief of which is the Dead -Giant. Cars drive through this monster just -as they do through the Wawona tree in the -Mariposa Grove. The ride to the Tuolomne -Grove is very picturesque and thrilling, offering -one special point of advantage—New Inspiration -Point, from which, in the afternoon, -Bridal Veil Falls may be seen playing through -constantly shifting rainbows.</p> - -<p>Mariposa Grove was discovered in 1857, -and is the largest grove of its kind in the world. -It contains more than five hundred monster -sequoias, the largest of which is the famous -Grizzly Giant, 204 feet in height and about 30 -feet in diameter at the base. You may be told -that this is the largest tree in the world. That -is not true. There are several larger sequoias. -The General Grant tree in General Grant Park -is 264 feet in height and nearly 35 feet in diameter. The largest known -tree is the General Sherman in the Sequoia National Park, which measures -280 feet high and is 36 feet and 5 inches in diameter at the base.</p> - -<p>You may be told also that these great trees are seven and even eight -thousand years old. Take that statement with consideration. The -sequoias are very hardy vegetables, and are undoubtedly the oldest -things living, but the -scientists tell us that -the veteran trees run -in age from 1,500 to -2,500 years, and that -the oldest tree, of -whose age record -there is no question, -is somewhat over -3,000 years old. John -Muir states that he -has found one tree -for which he claims -an age of 4,000 years.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 193px;"> - -<img src="images/illus24a.jpg" width="181" height="300" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">ILLILOUETTE FALLS</p> - -<p class="caption">370 feet in height</p> - -</div> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 193px;"> - -<img src="images/illus24b.jpg" width="193" height="300" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">VERNAL FALLS</p> - -<p class="caption">317 feet in height</p> - -</div> - -<div class="figmulti" style="width: 193px;"> - -<img src="images/illus24c.jpg" width="193" height="300" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">NEVADA FALLS</p> - -<p class="caption">594 feet in height</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p>But a matter of a -thousand years or so -does not detract from -the dignity of these -majestic forest Sons -of Anak. Their age and size are -enough to command our reverence, -and no one should visit the -Yosemite without going to the -groves to pay respect to these -ancient monarchs.</p> - -<div class="figright" style="width: 300px;"> - -<img src="images/illus25.jpg" width="300" height="236" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by J. T. Boysen</p> - -<p class="caption">THE WAWONA TREE, MARIPOSA GROVE</p> - -<p class="caption">In front of the tree stands Galen Clark, who discovered the -Mariposa Grove of Big Trees in 1857</p> - -</div> - -<p>You must visit the Mariposa -Grove at least, and I urge you to -give it a special day. You can -ride over and return to Yosemite -in one day, but I would advise -you, in case your visit is a brief -one, to save the grove for the last -day. Ride to Wawona the afternoon -before and stay at that restful -little spot overnight. Then -visit the grove in the morning, and after that go on to Miami Lodge, -and down through the mountains, and across the rich San Joaquin Valley -to Fresno, where you can end your trip and reach the main railroad lines.</p> - -<p>But let me not usher you out of the Valley in this manner. Let me -rather urge you to remain. A taste of camp life will surely convince -you if my words do not. Camp life is one of the most delightful features -of the Yosemite. Camp facilities and conveniences have been arranged -to suit every person and every purse. You may enter one of the regularly -organized camps, or you may obtain a permit and pitch your own -tent in a specially selected spot.</p> - -<p>To those who plan to settle for a time in the Park the camps make a -strong appeal. Camp life is a refreshing change from conventional -things, and the heart grows younger under it.</p> - -<p>The peculiar charm of the Yosemite is the “nearness and dearness” -of its features, and it is through camp life that we come to feel this charm. -It is not long before El Capitan, the Bridal Veil, the Three Brothers, -the Three Graces and Half Dome become objects of fond affection, and -the whole Valley appears to be a vast playground especially prepared by -Nature to delight the hearts of her children.</p> - -<h3><i>SUPPLEMENTARY READING</i></h3> - -<table summary="Books"> - <tr> - <td>GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YOSEMITE PARK</td><td class="tdr"><i>Issued by the U. S. Government</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>SKETCH OF YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK</td><td class="tdr"><i>By F. E. Matthes</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>DISCOVERY OF THE YOSEMITE</td><td class="tdr"><i>By H. L. Bunnell</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>YOSEMITE TRAILS</td><td class="tdr"><i>By J. S. Chase</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>THE YOSEMITE VALLEY</td><td class="tdr"><i>By Galen Clark</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>YOSEMITE SOUVENIR AND GUIDE</td><td class="tdr"><i>By D. J. Foley</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>OUR NATIONAL PARKS</td><td class="tdr"><i>By John Muir</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>THE YOSEMITE</td><td class="tdr"><i>By John Muir</i></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center smaller">⁂ Information concerning the above books may be had on application to the Editor of The Mentor.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter2"> - -<div class="figleft" style="width: 30px;"> -<img src="images/book.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" /> -</div> - -<div class="figright" style="width: 30px;"> -<img src="images/book.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="clearnone">THE OPEN LETTER</h2> - -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/illus26.jpg" width="500" height="270" alt="" /> - -<p class="captionleft">Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury</p> - -<p class="caption">THE LAUGHING WATERS OF HAPPY ISLES</p> - -</div> - -<p>In some scenery there is an element of -awe—a grimness that makes us shudder. -The charm of the Yosemite is that, with -all its scenic splendor it is so serenely -beautiful, so restful in character, and so -endearing. There is no lack of majesty. -Lofty summits surround us—some of -them stern in aspect. El Capitan is a -vast, beetling cliff, the Three Brothers -are grim granite companions, and the -peak of Cloud’s Rest is remote and austere. -But, down in the valley, all is gentle -and lovely.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;"> -<img src="images/stars.jpg" width="100" height="19" alt="(decorative)" /> -</div> - -<p>I have visited the valley more than -once, and I know its spell. Its soothing -influence dulls the edge of decision. However -energetic and purposeful we may be -on arrival, we find, after a few days, that -we have, quite unconsciously, eaten of -the lotus of forgetfulness. Plans for -various strenuous activities are modified; -things that at first seemed urgent are -postponed; and the day of departure -drops into the list of life’s little uncertainties. -Events take their own course; we -yield to the current. Yesterday we followed -the mountain trail, and we were -full of the stir and thrill of it. Today -we find other and quieter joys. So we -let the climbers now call us indolent. We -let them take to the summits while we -hold to the valley. We are content. The -flowers that offer themselves at our feet -are as fair as those that they find on the -heights. The air about us is soft and -fragrant, and “sweet is the whisper of the -pine trees by the river.” Our hearts are -in unison with the pastoral poet, and we -ask for nothing better today than to -rest here and dream in the Happy Isles.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;"> -<img src="images/stars.jpg" width="100" height="19" alt="(decorative)" /> -</div> - -<p>The valley is undergoing changes and -improvements. The conditions there -have always been very simple. Within -recent years the government, realizing -that the Yosemite was a wonderful -natural playground, has done much to -develop it. If a visitor of former years -should go to the Yosemite today, he -would rub his eyes and exclaim at the -changes. He would find the old Sentinel -Hotel and cottages superseded by the -luxurious new hotel, and the village -largely transplanted to the other side of -the Merced. In place of the old-fashioned -stages, he would find the ever-present -auto-car. He would find the Glacier -Point Hotel renewed and enlarged, and -many improvements in the valley camps. -He would find well-equipped lodges and -chalets scattered through the Park for -the comfort of those who take the long, -arduous trails. The Yosemite is now an -all-year-round resort, where winter as well -as summer sport may be enjoyed. Uncle -Sam’s invitation is: “Come to your -pleasure Park, forget your cares for a -while, and rest and -play.”</p> - -<div class="figright" style="width: 200px;"> -<img src="images/signature.jpg" width="200" height="94" alt="(signature)" /> -<p class="caption">W. D. Moffat<br /> -<span class="smcap">Editor</span></p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="bbox-dashed"> - -<p class="center larger"><span class="smcap">The Mentor Association</span></p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="noindent">ESTABLISHED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POPULAR INTEREST -IN ART, LITERATURE, SCIENCE, HISTORY, NATURE, AND TRAVEL</p> - -</div> - -<p class="noindent">CONTRIBUTORS—PROF. JOHN C. VAN DYKE, HAMILTON W. MABIE, PROF. ALBERT -BUSHNELL HART, REAR ADMIRAL ROBERT E. PEARY, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, DWIGHT L. -ELMENDORF, HENRY T. FINCK, WILLIAM WINTER, ESTHER SINGLETON, PROF. G. W. BOTSFORD, -IDA M. TARBELL, GUSTAV KOBBÉ, DEAN C. WORCESTER, JOHN K. MUMFORD, W. J. -HOLLAND, LORADO TAFT, KENYON COX, E. H. FORBUSH, H. E. KREHBIEL, SAMUEL ISHAM, -BURGES JOHNSON, STEPHEN BONSAL, JAMES HUNEKER, W. J. 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Rugs and Rug Making</li> -<li>72. Alaska</li> -<li>73. Charles Dickens</li> -<li>74. Grecian Masterpieces</li> -<li>75. Fathers of the Constitution</li> -<li>76. Masters of the Piano</li> -<li>77. American Historic Homes</li> -<li>78. Beauty Spots of India</li> -<li>79. Etchers and Etching</li> -<li>80. Oliver Cromwell</li> -<li>81. China</li> -<li>82. Favorite Trees</li> -<li>83. Yellowstone National Park</li> -<li>84. Famous Women Writers of England</li> -<li>85. Painters of Western Life</li> -<li>86. China and Pottery of Our Forefathers</li> -<li>87. The Story of The American Railroad</li> -<li>88. Butterflies</li> -<li>89. The Philippines</li> -<li>90. Great Galleries of The World: The Louvre</li> -<li>91. William M. Thackeray</li> -<li>92. Grand Canyon of Arizona</li> -<li>93. Architecture in American Country Homes</li> -<li>94. The Story of The Danube</li> -<li>95. Animals in Art</li> -<li>96. The Holy Land</li> -<li>97. John Milton</li> -<li>98. Joan Of Arc</li> -<li>99. 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