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diff --git a/59611-8.txt b/59611-0.txt index c98ebbe..7d8b9ec 100644 --- a/59611-8.txt +++ b/59611-0.txt @@ -1,34 +1,7 @@ -Project Gutenberg's The Journal of Geology, January-February 1893, by Various +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 59611 *** -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. -Title: The Journal of Geology, January-February 1893 - A Semi-Quarterly Magazine of Geology and Related Sciences -Author: Various - -Editor: T. C. Chamberlin - -Release Date: May 26, 2019 [EBook #59611] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY, JAN-FEB 1893 *** - - - - -Produced by Tom Cosmas and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) @@ -89,9 +62,9 @@ we must somewhere find that group emerging from under the bottom of these formations. Until lithological characters are ascertained to be so distinctive and constant as to be comparable to fossil evidence for purposes of stratigraphical identification, we should not assume -that detached areas of older rocks rising amid Palæozoic, Secondary or +that detached areas of older rocks rising amid Palæozoic, Secondary or Tertiary formations are pre-Cambrian. We should, if possible, begin -at the bottom of the Palæozoic systems and work backward, tracing +at the bottom of the Palæozoic systems and work backward, tracing each successive system or group as these rise from under each other, until we arrive at what appears to be the oldest traceable within the region of observation. It is clear that in the present state of @@ -145,7 +118,7 @@ were named by Nicol the Torridon Sandstone--a designation which has more recently been shortened into "Torridonian." The lower system is mainly composed of various foliated rocks which may be embraced under the general term "gneiss." These masses present the usual characters of -the so-called "fundamental complex", "Urgebirge," or "Archæan Series" +the so-called "fundamental complex", "Urgebirge," or "Archæan Series" of other countries. The contrast between the thoroughly crystalline, gnarled, ancient-looking gneisses below, and the overlying, nearly horizontal Torridonian conglomerates, sandstones, and shales, which @@ -155,13 +128,13 @@ they can not be both placed in the same division of the geological record. They are certainly both pre-Cambrian, but they must belong to widely separated eras, and must have been produced by entirely different processes. If it is proposed to regard the gneisses as -"Archæan," we must refuse to include the Torridonian strata in the +"Archæan," we must refuse to include the Torridonian strata in the same section of pre-Cambrian time. But so much uncertainty exists as -to the application of this term Archæan, examples are so multiplying -wherein what was supposed to be the oldest and truly Archæan rock is +to the application of this term Archæan, examples are so multiplying +wherein what was supposed to be the oldest and truly Archæan rock is found to be intrusive in rocks that were taken to be of much younger date, and there are such slender grounds for correlating the so-called -Archæan rocks of one country with those of another, that I prefer for +Archæan rocks of one country with those of another, that I prefer for the present, at least, not to use the term at all. Let me very briefly state some of the main characteristics of the two sharply contrasted rock-systems of the north-west of Scotland. @@ -280,7 +253,7 @@ to which I shall immediately refer, these strata are quite unaltered. Indeed, in general aspect they look as young as the old red sandstones with which Hugh Miller identified them. It is at first hard to believe that such flat undisturbed sandstones are of higher antiquity than -the very oldest Palæozoic strata which are so generally plicated and +the very oldest Palæozoic strata which are so generally plicated and cleaved. The interval of time between the deposition of the Torridon Sandstone @@ -294,7 +267,7 @@ north of Sutherland, about 2000 feet of Cambrian (possibly in part Lower Silurian) strata can be traced, the lower portion consisting of quartzites, the central and upper parts of various limestones, sometimes abundantly fossiliferous. Nowhere else in the north of -Scotland can so thick a mass of early Palæozoic rocks be seen. +Scotland can so thick a mass of early Palæozoic rocks be seen. Elsewhere the limestones have been in large measure replaced by a complex group of schistose rocks which rest upon the Cambrian strata, and like them dip, generally at gentle angles, towards the east. It @@ -382,7 +355,7 @@ in detail over so wide an area, that we are probably justified in believing that a definite sequence can be established among them. These masses must be many thousand feet thick. Their succession and association of materials are so unlike those of any of the known older -Palæozoic rocks of Britain, that they can hardly be the metamorphosed +Palæozoic rocks of Britain, that they can hardly be the metamorphosed equivalents of any strata which can be recognized in an unaltered condition in these islands. Some traces of annelid casts have been found in the quartzites, but otherwise the whole series has remained @@ -479,7 +452,7 @@ unaltered Cambrian strata which lie above them. Along the eastern borders of Wales, there is an interrupted ridge of igneous rocks which were originally supposed to have broken through the -older Palæozoic formations, but which now, owing mainly to the labors +older Palæozoic formations, but which now, owing mainly to the labors of Dr. Callaway and Professor Lapworth, are shown to be older than the base of the Cambrian system. These rocks consist of spherulitic and perlitic felsites, with volcanic breccias and tuffs. They are @@ -516,7 +489,7 @@ The Uriconian and Longmyndian formations may prove to be in part or in whole equivalents of the Torridonian. The Dalradian rocks have not yet had their position determined. They may possibly mark a distinct pre-Cambrian series, but it seems quite as probable that they are only -a metamorphic complex in which Archæan, Torridonian and Cambrian, or +a metamorphic complex in which Archæan, Torridonian and Cambrian, or even Lower Silurian rocks are included. =Sir Archibald Geikie=, @@ -1306,7 +1279,7 @@ Mineralogy and petrography, metallurgy and mining engineering have each reached a stage of development entitling them to the rank of separate sciences, but the practical training of the geologist should include them all. When we add the biological sciences connected with -historical geology, paleontology, zoölogy and botany, with all the +historical geology, paleontology, zoölogy and botany, with all the laboratory and field work required for their proper study, we have a group of affiliated branches of learning requiring four or five years of continuous study after the student has learned how to study. It is @@ -1406,7 +1379,7 @@ nature of a large group of its facts. This aspect of the science is best seen in the historical and stratigraphical parts of geology, in which fossils are the chief data for study. The interpretation of a fossil into a species of organism, having its definite place in the -elaborate classification of the zoölogist, or as an indicator of +elaborate classification of the zoölogist, or as an indicator of the time and place and mode of formation of the strata in which it is buried, is, to be sure, a most intricate and, at first thought it would seem, an unattractive process. But no more so, I would @@ -1484,7 +1457,7 @@ chemical analyses, or optical measurements so fine that microscopes of highest power are essential tools for the investigation. Physics must have the most delicate measurements of time and space and weight. Botany, for the earlier stages of study, is fully equal to geology in -these respects, but its scope is much less general. Zoölogy requires +these respects, but its scope is much less general. Zoölogy requires dissections calling for skill in manipulation, and in other respects is ill adapted to general classes. But precision in the intellectual processes of observation and reasoning can be cultivated in the use of @@ -2276,7 +2249,7 @@ when not itself conclusive. The absence of forest beds and of all traces of vegetal deposits whatsoever between beds of drift, is no proof of the absence of recurrent ice epochs, since the second advance of the ice might have -destroyed all trace of the preëxistent soil and its vegetal life. It +destroyed all trace of the preëxistent soil and its vegetal life. It is always possible, too, that such beds exist, even if they have not been discovered. It would have been anticipated that they would not be abundant, or wide spread. The absence of forest beds is therefore at @@ -2364,7 +2337,7 @@ formed, and both may exist at many points where their existence is not known. The absence of these beds is at best no more than negative evidence. -(5) _Beds of Subaërial Gravel, Sand and Silt._ Layers of stratified +(5) _Beds of Subaërial Gravel, Sand and Silt._ Layers of stratified drift between layers of ground moraine are of common occurrence in many regions. Under ordinary conditions their existence is not regarded as evidence that the underlying and overlying tills are to be referred @@ -2378,7 +2351,7 @@ through which strong currents coursed, such deposits were apparently not carried far beyond the edge of the ice. But as the edge of the ice withdrew to the northward, sand plains may have extended themselves in the same direction, by additions to their ice-ward faces. It is -conceivable that the process of subaërial plain building at the edge +conceivable that the process of subaërial plain building at the edge of a receding phase of ice, might be carried so far under favorable circumstances, as to result in the construction of plains of great extent. In this event, a subsequent ice-advance might overspread @@ -2404,7 +2377,7 @@ beds, and especially by forest beds whose plants denote a warm climate, the association becomes most significant. In view of what has been said, it is evident that the absence of beds -of subaërially stratified silt, sand, and gravel, between beds of till +of subaërially stratified silt, sand, and gravel, between beds of till can not be brought in evidence against separate ice epochs. It would rarely be true that topographic and hydro-*graphic conditions would make possible the construction of plains of sufficient extent to serve @@ -2503,7 +2476,7 @@ oxidized drift between beds of unoxidized drift is _per se_ proof of two glacial epochs; but it is affirmed that if such layer of weathered drift can be shown to extend far below any possible superglacial till, into the subglacial till below, in such wise as to indicate that it -is the result of subaërial exposure in a warm climate subsequent to +is the result of subaërial exposure in a warm climate subsequent to its deposition and prior to the deposition of the overlying till, it constitutes the best possible evidence of an interglacial epoch, especially when accompanied by the corroborative testimony of other @@ -2516,7 +2489,7 @@ a definite and readily traceable line, the argument becomes, in our judgment, irrefragable. In its application, this criterion would be infallible only in the hands of one who could distinguish between superglacial and superglacially oxidized material on the one hand, and -material subaërially weathered after its deposition, on the other. +material subaërially weathered after its deposition, on the other. [16] This point was urged at the reading of the paper at Ottawa, by Prof. C. H. Hitchcock, Mr. Upham, and others. @@ -2570,11 +2543,11 @@ boulders is only one phase of weathering, the limitations of this argument are identical with those already noted in connection with the general argument from differential weathering. -(7) _Differential Subaërial Erosion._ If the drift deposited by one +(7) _Differential Subaërial Erosion._ If the drift deposited by one ice-sheet were to be exposed for a considerable interval of time, and if the ice in its subsequent advance failed to reach the limit of its first invasion, the two areas should show different amounts of -subaërial erosion, since the one has been exposed to the action of air +subaërial erosion, since the one has been exposed to the action of air and water much longer than the other. The line which marks the limit of the later ice invasion should be the line of more or less sudden transition from an area without, where stream erosion has been greater, @@ -2698,7 +2671,7 @@ country thus discovered would be largely mantled with drift. This drift would serve to protect the underlying rock from disintegration. But where there was little or no drift, the rock surface would be subject to all the disrupting agencies which affect surface rocks. The same -would be true of all rock surfaces bared by subaërial erosion after the +would be true of all rock surfaces bared by subaërial erosion after the disappearance of the ice. Under these conditions, if a second sheet of ice invaded the region in question after it had been long exposed, it would find a surface prepared to yield large bowlders. The result @@ -2882,9 +2855,9 @@ of structures and formations, in the systematic aggregation of the facts, in the organizing of results, and in the development of the fundamental principles of geological science. To some extent they are permitted to do this beyond their own fields, but in the main the -boundaries of these fields are the limits of their coördinations. They +boundaries of these fields are the limits of their coördinations. They therefore leave a great function to be performed by some other agency -in the coördination of interstate, international, and intercontinental +in the coördination of interstate, international, and intercontinental factors. They are also restrained by their relationships to a somewhat too narrowly utilitarian public from devoting much direct attention to the solution of the deeper and broader problems that constitute @@ -2918,7 +2891,7 @@ falls to them. This is due not so much to a lack of appreciation of the function as to the lack of facilities. With the development of this higher function of the universities there -goes a coördinate function for a university journal of geology, a +goes a coördinate function for a university journal of geology, a journal whose special efforts shall be devoted to promoting the growth of systematic, philosophical, and fundamental geology, and to the education of professional geologists. No part of the wide domain can @@ -2927,7 +2900,7 @@ for a periodical which specially invites the discussion of systematic and fundamental themes, and of international and intercontinental relations, and which in particular seeks to promote the study of geographic and continental evolution, orographic movements, volcanic -coördinations and consanguinities, biological developments and +coördinations and consanguinities, biological developments and migrations, climatic changes, and similar questions of wide and fundamental interest. This field is not likely to be successfully cultivated except by a systematic endeavor, pursued through a period of @@ -2984,7 +2957,7 @@ editors. Upon invitation of the World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition committees were appointed by the several sections of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at its -Rochester meeting to coöperate with it in completing the organization +Rochester meeting to coöperate with it in completing the organization of scientific congresses to be held at Chicago in connection with the forthcoming World's Fair. The committee appointed by the geological and geographical section consisted of Thomas C. Chamberlin, John C. @@ -3025,11 +2998,11 @@ to the Pleistocene, and that such analytical maps may constitute a leading feature of the several presentations. Among the subjects upon which contributions are specially invited are the following: The correlation of continental and intercontinental orographic movements -and geographic accretions by sedimentation; The coördination of periods -of vulcanism in the different countries; The coördination of climatic +and geographic accretions by sedimentation; The coördination of periods +of vulcanism in the different countries; The coördination of climatic states and changes; The correlation of faunal and floral variations and migrations. It is hoped that one session may be devoted to such -coördination papers bearing upon each of the great subdivisions: viz., +coördination papers bearing upon each of the great subdivisions: viz., Archean, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and Pleistocene. =Third.= Papers on Paleontological and Archeological Geology of @@ -3042,7 +3015,7 @@ Geology having international or general bearings. =Sixth.= Miscellaneous papers of especial and general interest. -The foregoing groups are intended to embrace and coördinate the list of +The foregoing groups are intended to embrace and coördinate the list of special themes announced in the circular issued by the local committee some months since, except such as may be best suited to popular presentation, for which special provision is to be made. @@ -3083,7 +3056,7 @@ continent. During this epoch, the direction of the ice movement in southern Sweden was from the south-east to the northwest. This first glacial epoch of which direct evidence is adduced was followed by an interglacial interval, during which the forest-bed of Cromer, the -breccia of Hötting, the lignites of Leffe and Pianico, and certain beds +breccia of Hötting, the lignites of Leffe and Pianico, and certain beds in central France were deposited. During this interglacial epoch, the climate is believed to have been very mild. @@ -3194,7 +3167,7 @@ These facts are found in Switzerland, where evidences of multiple glaciation have been recognized, and in the Pyrenees where evidences of three separate ice epochs have been found. In France, evidences of an interglacial interval have been found in the region of the Puy -de Dôme of such duration as to allow the excavation of valleys to a +de Dôme of such duration as to allow the excavation of valleys to a depth of 900 feet. The length of time which would be required for such stupendous erosion must certainly be regarded as sufficient to allow the preceding and succeeding glaciations to be considered as belonging @@ -3253,7 +3226,7 @@ well exposed. The sand plateaus have the characteristics of delta deposits of glacial streams,--even surfaces, well-bedded sands and gravels, the -beds sloping outward from the "head" at an angle of 12° to 20°, and in +beds sloping outward from the "head" at an angle of 12° to 20°, and in close agreement with the slope of the plateau front, a lobate margin, deposits distinctly coarser at the head than near the front, and a series of nearly horizontal roughly cross-bedded gravels overlying the @@ -3521,15 +3494,15 @@ Ohio. (Natural Science. Vol. I, No. 6, 1892). _Temperature of the Sea._--The temperature of the English Channel was -similar to that where the isotherm of 32° F. is now situated. The -winter temperature can scarcely have been 20° colder than at present. -The Mediterranean was perhaps 5° colder than now. +similar to that where the isotherm of 32° F. is now situated. The +winter temperature can scarcely have been 20° colder than at present. +The Mediterranean was perhaps 5° colder than now. _Temperature of the Land (air)._--It does not appear that the climate -of the lowlands of southern Europe can have been 20° lower than the -present mean; 10° or perhaps less appear to have been the refrigeration +of the lowlands of southern Europe can have been 20° lower than the +present mean; 10° or perhaps less appear to have been the refrigeration in the Mediterranean region. The temperature at the southern margin of -the ice-sheet was about 20° colder than at present. The temperature +the ice-sheet was about 20° colder than at present. The temperature increased rapidly towards the south. Recent observations seem to show that throughout central Europe there was a period of _dry_ cold, causing the country to resemble the arid regions of central Asia. @@ -3609,48 +3582,48 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: Billings, with Remarks on the Fossil Remains found therein. 4 pp.--Ottawa Naturalist, June, 1892. -=Andeæ, A. and A. Osann.= +=Andeæ, A. and A. Osann.= - --Beiträge zur Geologie des Blattes Heidelberg. 39 pp., III., 2 + --Beiträge zur Geologie des Blattes Heidelberg. 39 pp., III., 2 pl.--Aus den Mittheilungen der Grossh. Badischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, II Bd. VII-XI. =Baltzer, A.= - --Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen über die Frage, - ob der Granit-Gneiss der nördlichen Gränzregion der - Finsteraarhorn-Centralmass eruptiv sei oder nicht, und über - damit zusammenhängende Probleme. 41 pp., 2 pl.--Neues Jahrbuch - für Mineralogie, 1878. + --Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen über die Frage, + ob der Granit-Gneiss der nördlichen Gränzregion der + Finsteraarhorn-Centralmass eruptiv sei oder nicht, und über + damit zusammenhängende Probleme. 41 pp., 2 pl.--Neues Jahrbuch + für Mineralogie, 1878. - --Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen. Ueber die Marmorlager + --Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen. Ueber die Marmorlager am Nordrand des Finsteraarhorn-massivs. 20 pp., 2 pl.--Aus dem - Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1877. + Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1877. --Ueber den Hautschild eines Rochen aus der marinen Molasse. 4 pp., 1 pl.--Aus den Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern. - --Ueber den natürlichen Verkohlungsprozess. 23 pp.--Aus der - Vierteljahrs-schrift der zürcherischen naturforschenden + --Ueber den natürlichen Verkohlungsprozess. 23 pp.--Aus der + Vierteljahrs-schrift der zürcherischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft. --Randerscheinungen der centralgranitischen Zone in Aarmassiv. 18 pp., 1 pl.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch, 1885. II Band. - --Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen. Ein Beitrag zur + --Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Glarnerschlinge. 20 pp., 1 pl.--Aus dem Neuen - Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geol. und Pal. 1876. + Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geol. und Pal. 1876. --Geologische Skizze des Wetterhorns in Berner Oberland. 14 pp., 2 pl., Zeit. der Deut. geolog. Gesell, 1878. - --Geognostich-chemische Mittheilungen über die neuesten Eruptionen + --Geognostich-chemische Mittheilungen über die neuesten Eruptionen auf Vulcano und die Producte derselben. 29 pp., 3 pl.--Zeit. d. Deut. Geolog. Gesell, 1875. - --Ueber Bergstürze in den Alpen. 50 pp., 1 pl.--Aus dem Jahrbuch des - S.A.C. (X. Jahrgang) Zürich, 1875. + --Ueber Bergstürze in den Alpen. 50 pp., 1 pl.--Aus dem Jahrbuch des + S.A.C. (X. Jahrgang) Zürich, 1875. =Baker, Frank C.= @@ -3659,24 +3632,24 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: pl.--Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, 1892. --Catalogue and Synonomy of the Recent Species of the Family of - Muricidæ, First Paper. 20 pp.--Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. + Muricidæ, First Paper. 20 pp.--Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. I, 1891. - --Description of New Species of Muricidæ with Remarks on the Apices + --Description of New Species of Muricidæ with Remarks on the Apices of Certain Forms. 9 pp., 1 pl.--Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. I, 1891. =Barrois, Charles.= - --Sur la présence de fossiles dans le terrain azoique. 4 pp.--Comptes - Rendus des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences, Aug. 8, 1892. + --Sur la présence de fossiles dans le terrain azoique. 4 pp.--Comptes + Rendus des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences, Aug. 8, 1892. =Beecher, C.E., Ph.D.= --The Development of some Silurian Brachiopods. 8 pl., 96 pp.--N. Yr State Mus., Vol. I, No. I, Oct. 1892. - --Brachiospongidæ, a Memoir on a Group of Silurian Sponges. 28 pp., 6 + --Brachiospongidæ, a Memoir on a Group of Silurian Sponges. 28 pp., 6 pl. Memoirs of the Peabody Mus., Vol. II, Part I, 1889. --Insecta by Alpheus Hyatt and J. M. Arms.--Am. Jour. Sci., March, @@ -3694,14 +3667,14 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: Mus. of Nat. Hist. --The Development of a Paleozoic Poriferous Coral. Symmetrical Cell - Development in the Favositidæ. 12 pp., 7 pl.--Trans. Conn. Acad. + Development in the Favositidæ. 12 pp., 7 pl.--Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., Vol. 8, 1891. - --On Leptænisca, a New Genus of Brachiopod from the L. Helderberg + --On Leptænisca, a New Genus of Brachiopod from the L. Helderberg Group. N. A. Species of Strophalosia. 8 pp., 1 pl.--Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1890. - --Ceratiocaridæ from the Chemung and Waverly Groups at Warren, Penn. + --Ceratiocaridæ from the Chemung and Waverly Groups at Warren, Penn. 22 pp., 2 pl.--Rep. of Prop., PPP, 2d Geol. Surv. Penn., 1884. --A Spiral Bivalve from the Waverly Group of Penn. 4 pp., 1 @@ -3765,7 +3738,7 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --Die Facies der grauen Kalke von Venetien im Departement der Sarthe. 6 pp.--Aus der Zeit. der Deut. geol. Gesell, 1887. - --Südalpine Kreideablagerungen. 6 pp.--Aus der Zeit. d. Deut. geol. + --Südalpine Kreideablagerungen. 6 pp.--Aus der Zeit. d. Deut. geol. Gesell, Bd., 33, 2 Heft. --Ueber eine Anomalie im Kelche von Millericrinus mespiliformis. 5 @@ -3864,39 +3837,39 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: =Cohen, E.= - --Ueber einige eigenthümliche Melaphyr-Mandelsteine aus Süd-Afrika. + --Ueber einige eigenthümliche Melaphyr-Mandelsteine aus Süd-Afrika. 15 pp. Map, 1 pl.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min., 1875. Mandelsteine - Aus Den Maluti-Bergen, Süd-Africa, 1 p. Ibid., 1880, Bd. I. + Aus Den Maluti-Bergen, Süd-Africa, 1 p. Ibid., 1880, Bd. I. --Ueber Laven von Hawaii und einigen anderen Inseln des Grossen Oceans nebst einigen Bemerkungen ueber glasige Gesteine im allgemeinen. 30 pp.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. Geol. und Pal. 1880, Bd. II. - --Goldführende Conglomerate in Süd-Afrika. 3 pp.--Mit. des naturw. - Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1887. + --Goldführende Conglomerate in Süd-Afrika. 3 pp.--Mit. des naturw. + Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1887. - --Ueber die Trennung von Thonerde, Eisenoxyd und Titansäure. 2 - pp.--Aus Neuem Jahrb. für Min. 1884. + --Ueber die Trennung von Thonerde, Eisenoxyd und Titansäure. 2 + pp.--Aus Neuem Jahrb. für Min. 1884. --Chemische Untersuchung des Meteoreisens von S. Juliao de Moreira, - Portugal, sowie einiger anderen hexaëdrischen Eisen. 12 pp.--Aus - dem Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1889, Bd. I. + Portugal, sowie einiger anderen hexaëdrischen Eisen. 12 pp.--Aus + dem Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1889, Bd. I. --Zusammenstellung petrographischer Untersuchungsmethoden nebst Angabe der Literatur. 36 pp.--Aus den Mit. aus dem naturw. - Verein für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen in Greifswald. + Verein für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen in Greifswald. --Ueber die Entstehung des Seifengoldes. 20 pp.--Mit. des naturw. - Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1887. + Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1887. - --Geonostisch-petrographische Skizzen aus Süd-Afrika. 48 pp. 1 + --Geonostisch-petrographische Skizzen aus Süd-Afrika. 48 pp. 1 pl.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch, Min. 1874. --Ueber einige Vogesengesteine. 6 pp.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. Geol. und Pal., 1883, Bd. I. - --Andalusitführende Granite. 3 pp.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1887, + --Andalusitführende Granite. 3 pp.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1887, Bd. II. --Nekrolog von Jonas Gustaf Oscar Linnarsson. 2 pp.--Aus dem Neuen @@ -3906,40 +3879,40 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: bayr. Rheinpfalz, am 13, 14 und 15 April, 1882. Ueber einen Aventurinquartz aus Ostindien. - --Berichtigung bezüglich des "Olivin-Diallag-Gesteins" von + --Berichtigung bezüglich des "Olivin-Diallag-Gesteins" von Schriesheim im Odenwald. 2 pp.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1885, Bd. I. - --Ueber Pleochroitische Höfe in Biotit. 5 pp.--Aus den Neuen Jahrb. + --Ueber Pleochroitische Höfe in Biotit. 5 pp.--Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1888, Bd. I. --Kersantit von Laveline. 2 pp.--Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1879. - --Das Labradoritführende Gestein der Küste von Labrador. 3 pp.--Aus + --Das Labradoritführende Gestein der Küste von Labrador. 3 pp.--Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1885, Bd. I. --Ueber eine verbesserte Methode der Isolirung von - Gesteinsgemengtheilen vermittelst Flussäure. 3 pp.--Mit. des - naturw. Vereines für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1888. + Gesteinsgemengtheilen vermittelst Flussäure. 3 pp.--Mit. des + naturw. Vereines für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1888. --Die Gold production Transvaal in Jahre 1889. --Ueber eine Pseudomorphose nach Markasit aus der Kreide von Arcona auf Ruegen. 4 pp.--Aus den Sitzungsberichten des naturw. Vereins - für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1886. + für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1886. - --Das Obere Weilerthal und das Zunächst Angrenzende Gebirge. + --Das Obere Weilerthal und das Zunächst Angrenzende Gebirge. 150 pp.--Abhandlungen zur Geologischen Speciakarte von Elsass--Lothringen. - --Ueber den Granat der süd-afrikanischen Diamantfelder und ueber den + --Ueber den Granat der süd-afrikanischen Diamantfelder und ueber den Chromgehalt der Pyrope. 4 pp.--Aus der Mit. des naturw. Vereins - für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1888. + für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1888. - --Ueber Speckstein, Pseudophit und dichten Muscovit aus Süd-Afrika. 6 + --Ueber Speckstein, Pseudophit und dichten Muscovit aus Süd-Afrika. 6 pp.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1887, Bd. I. - --Titaneisen von den Diamantfeldern in Süd-Afrika. 2 pp.--Aus dem + --Titaneisen von den Diamantfeldern in Süd-Afrika. 2 pp.--Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1877. --Ueber den Meteoriten von Zsadany, Temesvar Comitat, Banat. 10 @@ -3949,12 +3922,12 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: =Cohen E.= und =W. Deecke=. --Ueber Geschiebe aus Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen. 84 pp.--Aus den - Mitt. des naturwiss. Vereines für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, + Mitt. des naturwiss. Vereines für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1881. - --Sind die Stoerungen in der Lagerung der Kreide an de Ostküste von - Jasmund (Ruegen) durch Faltungen zu erklären? 10 pp. 3 pl.--Aus - den Mit. des naturwiss. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, + --Sind die Stoerungen in der Lagerung der Kreide an de Ostküste von + Jasmund (Ruegen) durch Faltungen zu erklären? 10 pp. 3 pl.--Aus + den Mit. des naturwiss. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1889. --Ueber das Krystalline Grundgebirge der Inseln Bornholm. @@ -4219,7 +4192,7 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --On the Ages of the "Trail" and "Warp." 7 pp.--Geol. Mag., May, 1867. - --Review of Dutton's Grand Cañon, Colorado. 4 pp.--Geol. Mag., July, + --Review of Dutton's Grand Cañon, Colorado. 4 pp.--Geol. Mag., July, 1883. --On the Theory of the Erosion of Lake Basins by Glaciers. 2 @@ -4340,7 +4313,7 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --The Progress of Chemical Theory; Its Helps and Hindrances. 37 pp.--Journ. Franklin Instit., Apr., May and June, 1891. - --Mineral Formulæ. 6 pp.--Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., July 7, 1874. + --Mineral Formulæ. 6 pp.--Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., July 7, 1874. --Notes from the Literature on the Geology of Egypt, and Examination of the Syenitic Granite of the Obelisk which Lieut. Comd'r @@ -4364,11 +4337,11 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --Mesozoic Sandstone of the Atlantic Slope. 9 pp.--Am. Nat., May, 1879. - --Archæan-Paleozoic Contact near Philadelphia, Penn. 6 pp., 1 + --Archæan-Paleozoic Contact near Philadelphia, Penn. 6 pp., 1 pl.--Proc. A. A. A. S., Vol. XXXIII, Sept., 1884. --Report of the Sub-Committee of the Berlin Congress of Geologists on - the Archæan. 80 pp. + the Archæan. 80 pp. --Crystallization. 11 pp., Ill.--Journal Franklin Inst., Aug., 1885. @@ -4438,7 +4411,7 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --Royal Institute of Great Britain, 1889. - --The Cañons of the Far West.--Ibid., April 6, 1883. 4 pp. + --The Cañons of the Far West.--Ibid., April 6, 1883. 4 pp. --Rock-Weathering, as illustrated in Edinburgh Churchyards. 15 pp., 1 pl.--Proc. Royal Soc'y, Edinburgh, Vol. X., April 19, 1880. @@ -4483,11 +4456,11 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: =Genth, F. A.= --Ueber Nordamerikanische Tellur-und Wismuth-Mineralien. 14 - pp.--Journal für Praktische Chemie, 1874. + pp.--Journal für Praktische Chemie, 1874. --Ueber Lansfordit, Nesquehonit und Pseudomorphosen von Nesquehonit nach Lansfordit. (F. A. Genth und S. L. Penfield). 18 pp., 1 - pl.--Zeit. für Krystallographie, 1890. + pl.--Zeit. für Krystallographie, 1890. --Contributions to Mineralogy. 18 pp., 1 pl. Read before Am. Phil. Soc'y, Oct. 2, 1885. @@ -4524,7 +4497,7 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --Second Preliminary Report on the Mineralogy of Pennsylvania, with Analyses of Mineral Spring Waters. 38 pp. - --Ueber einige Tellur-und Vanad-Mineralien. 13 pp.--Zeit. für + --Ueber einige Tellur-und Vanad-Mineralien. 13 pp.--Zeit. für Krystallographie, etc., 1877. --On the Equivalent of Cerium by the late Dr. Charles Wolf. 10 @@ -4536,7 +4509,7 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --On Penfieldite, a new species. 1 pp.--Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1892. --Mineralogische Mittheilungen, by F. A. Genth (with Crystallographic - Notes by S. L. Penfield). 10 pp. Ill.--"Zeit. für Krystallog." + Notes by S. L. Penfield). 10 pp. Ill.--"Zeit. für Krystallog." XVIII, 6, (1891). --Examination of the North Carolina Uranium Minerals. 7 pp.--Am. @@ -4565,7 +4538,7 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --On Pyrophyllite from Schuylkill Co., Penn. Read before Am. Phil. Soc'y, July 18, 1878. - --Mineralogische Mittheilungen. 31 pp., 2 pl.--Zeit. für + --Mineralogische Mittheilungen. 31 pp., 2 pl.--Zeit. für Krystallographie, 1885. --Jarosite from Utah. 1 p.--Am. Jour. Sci., Jan., 1890. @@ -4636,7 +4609,7 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: --The Flow of Solids or the Behavior of Solids under High Pressure. 8 pp.--Bull. U. S. G. S., No. 55. - --Ueber die Lichtgeschwindigkeit in verschiedenen Quartzflächen. 3 + --Ueber die Lichtgeschwindigkeit in verschiedenen Quartzflächen. 3 pp.--Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 1881. Bd. XII. --Preliminary Report of Observations at the Deep Well at Wheeling, W. @@ -4652,12 +4625,12 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: =Harpe, Phil. de la.= - --Description des Nummulites appartenant à la Zone supérieure des - Falaises de Biarritz. 20 pp., 1 pl.--Bulletin de la Société de + --Description des Nummulites appartenant à la Zone supérieure des + Falaises de Biarritz. 20 pp., 1 pl.--Bulletin de la Société de Borda, 1879. - --Une Échelle des Nummulites ou Tableau de la distribution - stratigraphique des Espèces de Nummulites. 5 + --Une Échelle des Nummulites ou Tableau de la distribution + stratigraphique des Espèces de Nummulites. 5 pp.--"Verhandlungen" de la Soc. Helv. des Sc. Nat., session de St. Gall, 1879. @@ -4665,33 +4638,33 @@ Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors: actes de la Soc. Helv. des Sc. Nat., 1877. --Note sur les Nummulites des environs de Nice et de Menton. 22 pp., - 1 pl.--Bulletin de la Société Geologique de France, Octobre, + 1 pl.--Bulletin de la Société Geologique de France, Octobre, 1877. - --Ossements appartenant à L'Anthracotherium Magnum recueillis dans + --Ossements appartenant à L'Anthracotherium Magnum recueillis dans les Lignites des environs de Lausanne. 14 pp.--Bulletin de la Soc. vaud. des Sc. Nat., 1854. - --Note sur la Géologie des environs de Louèche-les-Bains. 32 pp., 1 + --Note sur la Géologie des environs de Louèche-les-Bains. 32 pp., 1 pl.--Bulletin de la Soc. vaud. des Sc. Nat., 1877. - --Étude sur les Nummulites du Comté de Nice suivie d'une Échelle des + --Étude sur les Nummulites du Comté de Nice suivie d'une Échelle des Nummulites ou Tableau de la distribution stratigraphique des - Espèces de ce genre. 44 pp., 1 pl.--Bulletin de la Soc. vaud. + Espèces de ce genre. 44 pp., 1 pl.--Bulletin de la Soc. vaud. des Sc. Nat. --Nummulites des Alpes Francaises. 26 pp.--Bulletin de la Soc. vaud. Sc. Nat. XVI, 82. --Description des Nummulites des Falaises de Biarritz. 16 pp., 1 - pl.--Extrait du Bulletin de la Société de Borda, 1881. + pl.--Extrait du Bulletin de la Société de Borda, 1881. - --Description des Nummulites appartenant à la Zone inférieure des - Falaises de Biarritz des environs de la Villa Bruce jusqu'à - Handia. 44 pp.--Bulletin de la Société de Borda, 1881. + --Description des Nummulites appartenant à la Zone inférieure des + Falaises de Biarritz des environs de la Villa Bruce jusqu'à + Handia. 44 pp.--Bulletin de la Société de Borda, 1881. - --Description des Nummulites appartenant à la Zone moyenne des - Falaises de Biarritz. 8 pp., Ill.--Bulletin de la Société de + --Description des Nummulites appartenant à la Zone moyenne des + Falaises de Biarritz. 8 pp., Ill.--Bulletin de la Société de Borda, 1880. =Hayes, C. Willard.= @@ -4735,367 +4708,4 @@ were corrected. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Journal of Geology, January-February 1893 - A Semi-Quarterly Magazine of Geology and Related Sciences - -Author: Various - -Editor: T. C. 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