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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e537a37 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #61056 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/61056) diff --git a/old/61056-0.txt b/old/61056-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 30811f3..0000000 --- a/old/61056-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3474 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Bee Journal, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The American Bee Journal - Vol. XVII, No. 12, Mar. 23, 1881 - -Author: Various - -Editor: Thomas G. Newman - -Release Date: December 30, 2019 [EBook #61056] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Wilsden and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE. - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text - by =equal signs=. - - - - - OLDEST BEE PAPER ESTABLISHED - IN AMERICA IN 1861 - - THE AMERICAN - BEE JOURNAL - - DEVOTED TO SCIENTIFIC BEE-CULTURE - AND - THE PRODUCTION AND SALE OF PURE HONEY. - - VOL. XVII. CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 23, 1881. No. 12. - - - - -[Illustration: - - OLDEST BEE PAPER ESTABLISHED - IN AMERICA IN 1861 - - THE AMERICAN - BEE JOURNAL -] - -Published every Wednesday, by - -THOMAS G. NEWMAN, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, - -974 WEST MADISON ST., CHICAGO, ILL. - - - - -TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: - - WEEKLY—(52 numbers) =$2.00= a year, in advance. Three or Six - Months at the same rate. - - SEMI-MONTHLY—The first and third numbers of each month, at - =$1.00= a year, in advance. - - MONTHLY—The first number of each month, at =50 cents= a - year, in advance. - -☞ Any person sending a Club of six is entitled, to an extra copy (like -the club) which may be sent to any address desired. Sample copies -furnished _free_. - -☞ Remit by money-order, registered letter, express or bank draft on -Chicago or New York, payable to our order. Such _only_ are at our risk. -Checks on local banks cost us 25 cents for collecting. - - * * * * * - - Free of postage in the United States or Canada. - =Postage to Europe 50 cents extra.= - - * * * * * - - _Entered at Chicago post-office as second class matter._ - - - - -[Illustration: CORRESPONDENCE.] - - - - - For the American Bee Journal - -What is the Royal Jelly? - -C. J. ROBINSON. - - -I propose, by permission, to discuss in the columns of the BEE JOURNAL the -hitherto puzzling problem: “What is royal jelly, that substance known -to produce the transformation of worker larvæ to queens?” Profound -scientists of Europe and this country have delved into the secrets of -the grand problem, but none of them have handed down a satisfactory -solution. Yet, it does not seem rational that the question is so -obstruse as to forever remain past finding out what the so-called royal -jelly consists of; the source from which it is derived; its definite -action on larvæ; and whether it is administered by the workers as a -nourishing aliment to larvæ; in royal cells, or for the purpose of -impregnating the larvæ; (as pistilliferous flowers are impregnated with -pollen) and thus develop a female bee fully qualified to reproduce -males. The settled doctrine of writers on bee-matters is that it is -chiefly due to the excess of food served to the larva by the workers -that produces the transformation from worker to queen. Still no writer -has ventured to assert that such is a demonstrated fact. The late Baron -of Berlepsch, the able expounder of the Dzierzon Theory, and the most -scientific and practical apicultural writer and experienced apiarist in -all Europe, wrote thus: - -“Every hypothesis, however, yet submitted from any quarter, rest -chiefly upon the assumption that the development (of fertile workers -and queens) has by some means been over-stimulated for a brief period, -and as the result affects the sexual organs more especially, the -quantity and quality of the food administered has been looked to as the -exciting cause.” - -If his assumption be admitted then individual female bees are -very likely to be reproduced imperfectly developed in all the -degrees between a rudimentary fertile worker up to a perfect queen. -Furthermore, were it true that development depends on quantity of food -or the over-stimulating caused by high feeding, the workers would -be able to supply themselves with queens at all times; when on the -contrary it is well known that workers cannot always perfect queens -when furnished with everything necessary for that purpose except the -impregnating principle—semen. - -[Illustration: EGGS AND LARVA.] - -A full knowledge of the reproduction of the honey bee is of great -importance, and at the very foundation of the science of bee-culture -and of great value to those who intend to breed the superior races of -bees, especially the principles of hybridizing so as to prevent their -deterioration and improve the breeds. And it is of great moment to -the science of entomology to determine whether insects are produced -by parthenogenesis, as is believed, or by semen received by the male -progenitors. As for myself, I have conclusive evidence that such queens -as are reproduced by furnishing a colony of black bees with eggs laid -by an Italian queen, is in some degree hybridized. - -All of the points in the “Dzierzon Theory” have been demonstrated -except his theory of the reproduction of bees, particularly drones and -queens. It seems that he was sorely puzzled in his profound research to -comprehend the laws involved in the strange phenomena—virgin queens -reproducing male bees—and to dispose of the (to him) inexplicable -point in his colossal theory, he jumped at a conclusion which was -based upon the hypothetical doctrine advanced by Professors Von -Seibold, Leuckart, and Dr. Donhoff, the fathers of the theory called -“Parthenogenesis,” that is procreating without male sperm. It was -during the period that Dr. Dzierzon was making public his theory that -Mr. Elihu Kirby, of Henrietta, N. Y., attempted to make known the -result of his long-time and attentive research into the principles -of reproduction of the different races of honey bees. He was a -scientific apiarist of long experience, and enthusiastic in the cause -of progressive bee-culture. Not until 1861 was there published or -circulated in this country a periodical devoted to bee affairs and -scarcely no attention was given to scientific bee-culture at that -time. Mr. K. communicated to the AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL at different -times just after its advent, the discoveries he had made relative to -the reproduction of bees, but not much attention was given it further -than a brief notice by the editor, the lamented Samuel Wagner, who, -like the great Dzierzon, seemed not to comprehend the evolution of the -reproduction of insects. - -During the period of 1859–63, Mr. Kirby was in failing health, and when -in the summer of 1863, he was about to bid adieu to his long-cherished -theme and go from the altar of home on earth to a heavenly inheritance, -he besought me to further his designs and he committed to my charge his -new theory of the reproduction of drones and female bees. The result -of the case thus consigned to me is as follows, conclusions that I -have come to derive from careful observations for many seasons, viz., -_videlicet_. - -To produce drones the workers fecundate the worker larvæ in royal -cells with drone’s semen, which gives the elements of queens. The -workers supply the said larva with animal secretion, water, bee-bread -and honey, until it secretes sufficient material for a queen, and -when the larva arrives at maturity it is then metamorphosed to an egg -substance, from thence it passes to a chrysalis state, and in the -pupa state her ovary is formed and impregnated with semen retained in -the larva state imparting the elements of life. She then leaves her -cell and is prepared to lay eggs that produce drones only, without -further fecundation, and when the drones are matured from their natural -genital propensities deposit their semen in the queen’s spermatheca to -enable her to fecundate her full grown eggs to produce workers, and -also deposit semen where the workers can obtain it in the abscence -of the drones, to perfect queens, and for storing it in their combs, -where it retains its vitality at least from the time that the drones -are expelled until they are reproduced the following season. It is -ascertained that the drones and queens can be hybridized by their drone -progenitors in the embryo state, which is conclusive evidence of their -being fecundated with drones’ semen. - -To produce workers the drones deposit their sperm in the queen’s -spermatheca while on the wing (and on top, clasping the drone’s back to -herself) and from thence she fecundates full grown eggs, as they pass -the mouth of her spermatheca on the way out of her oviduct, and by the -combining of the elements of the drone and worker in one, by which the -worker is produced. Thus, there can be no logical reasoning in saying -that the workers are produced by semen, and the drones and queens are -produced without semen. - -To produce queens the worker fecundates the worker larvæ in royal cells -with drone’s semen which gives the elements of the drone, worker and -queen, combined in one, in the larval state; it secretes in its growth -the proper material for perfect queens, and when the larva arrives at -maturity it is transformed to an egg-form, and then to a chrysalis, and -in that state her embryo ovary is formed and impregnates in the upper -points or sacks of her ovary, and contains the elements of myriads of -drone egg germs before leaving her cell, and her physiology is changed -in her transition from the chrysalis state to a perfect queen, and is -qualified before leaving her cell to lay eggs that will produce drones -only. To be fully qualified to produce workers she must receive a -deposit of semen from the drone in her spermatheca. If once filled with -semen it is efficacious through life, and qualifies her to fecundate -the full grown drone eggs as they pass the mouth of her spermatheca, -and causes them to produce workers, and to lay all the eggs, both male -and female and workers, that the colony may require. It is ascertained -that the embryo drone, workers and queen can each be hybridized in -the ovary, egg or larva state, which is communicated to the whole -production. I think the evidence conclusive in the reproduction of -the queen. The fertile workers are produced by the workers taking the -drone’s semen into their stomachs, and from thence it is transmitted -to their embryo ovary, and fecundates it, which gives the elements -of life to the progeny, and qualifies them to lay eggs which produce -drones only, unless the eggs are further fecundated by being brought -into contact with semen. It appears that the young queen’s ovary on -leaving her cell, and the ovary of the fertile worker when fecundated, -are identical in the production of drone eggs. Therefore, the evidence -is that semen is the agent in both cases. - -I wish to call attention particularly to the following points: 1st. The -embryo ovary of young queens must be fructified before she leaves her -cell with drone’s semen, which gives the elements of life to her drone -progeny, and forms the basis for the whole progeny of bees. To produce -the 3 sexes of bees there are 3 distinct fecundations. 1st. The embryo -ovary of the pupa queen to produce the drones. 2d. The full grown egg -to produce the workers. 3d. The worker larva is fecundated by the -workers with semen, given off by the drones to produce the queens. And -all in the larval state the secrete sufficient material to perfect in -their transition either drones, workers or queens, and they each can be -hybridized in the embryo state. - -2d. In the reproduction of bees there are 2 distinct egg forms: 1st. -The eggs that produce the larva. 2d. The larva when it arrives at -maturity is transformed to an egg substance, of which it forms the -chrysalis that produces the perfect bees and their sexes. - -3d. It requires 3 states of existence to perfect the organism of bees. -1st. The larva. 2d. The chrysalis. 3d. The perfect bee. The queen first -deposits her eggs in the proper cells or utricals in which the larva -is hatched and supplied by the workers with animal secretion and food -until their transition to an egg substance or chrysalis. - -I will propose the following question for consideration: What is it -that is found in the royal jelly that is possessed of such impregnating -powers as to cause the ovaries of the workers to produce drone eggs? - -Richford, N. Y., March 14, 1881. - - - - - For the American Bee Journal. - -Putting Wires into Comb Foundation. - -J. G. WHITTEN. - - -Mr. John F. Cowan, in his article on “The Practical use of Foundation,” -published in the BEE JOURNAL of March 9, says: “It has been practically -demonstrated to my satisfaction that these results can only be obtained -by Mr. Given’s method of introducing the wires, and if by a happy -combination the Dunham foundation could be made and wired by the Given -or a similar process, the foundation controversy would be virtually -ended.” - -I would like to say to Mr. Cowan and others who may be interested, that -last season I hived about 40 full sized natural colonies, on Dunham -foundation, in Quinby frames, prepared in the following manner: The -frame is wired by sewing in 2 horizontal wires, spaced off so that -there will be 3 equal spaces from the top bar down. I use a triangular -top bar and fasten the foundation by pressing it down to the bar with -the thumb and then running a stream of melted wax and rosin over it. -Then by running a wheel, made of a cent, over the wire I imbed the -wire into the foundation; this also forms a groove in the foundation -in which I run a stream of melted wax which covers the wire, and -when drawn out will be perfect and will neither sag nor break out by -extracting. There should be a good half inch of space between the -foundation and bottom bar, as it will settle enough to bulge the comb -if left full length. To give it a thorough trial I hived 2 heavy -natural colonies in one hive with the mercury at 90 in the shade and -basswood honey coming in very fast, and when drawn out every comb was -perfect. By bending a spoon so that it will pour a small stream and -with a little practice, you will find it a short task to fasten the -foundation in the frames. - -Genoa, N. Y., March 14, 1881. - - - - - For the American Bee Journal. - -Importing Bees from Italy. - -CHAS. DADANT. - - -Mr. A. Salisbury, under the above heading, says that “It is no longer -a question: the Italian bee of Italy is not a distinct race.... Later -investigation proves the fact that there are black bees in Italy, as -anywhere else, even in the vicinity of Rome itself.” - -Mr. Jones, at the Convention in Cincinnati last fall, asserted that he -had seen black bees at several places in Italy, even in the vicinity -of Rome. All my inquiries, as well as the reports of prominent and -disinterested bee-keepers of Italy, such as Mr. Mona and Dr. Dubini, -prove that there are no hybrid bees in Italy, and, of course, no black -bees. - -Will Mr. Jones tell us in which apiaries he saw black bees? Of course, -by black bees we understand entire colonies of black bees. Then, he saw -also colonies of hybrid bees, for the mixing could not be prevented. -But if Mr. Jones saw only a few black, or _seemingly black_ bees, in a -colony, this circumstance, caused either by the dark contents of their -stomachs, or by some other accidental cause, we cannot infer from it -that there are black or impure bees in Italy. I hope that Mr. Jones -will answer this question. - -Mr. Jones adds that, in his opinion, the Italian bees were descended -from the bees of Holy Land, or those on the Island of Cyprus. Such an -opinion raises the question: Are the yellow bees from Cyprus, from -Syria, or from Italy, the original bees; or the black bees, of more -northern climates, the original bees, the yellow color being only an -improvement? - -According to the law of natural selection, the yellow bees of these -three countries are about similar, because the three countries enjoy a -mild climate. The idea of Mr. Jones’ that the Italian bees descended -from the bees of Cyprus or of Syria, cannot be sustained, for it leads -to the idea of large importations of bees from these countries, into -Italy, at a time when the means of transportation were few, long and -difficult. - -The introduction of a few colonies of these bees into Italy would have -been unable to effect the smallest change in the race then existing; -for by our introduction of Italian bees we have experienced how hard -it is to overcome the returning to the type which is prevalent in a -country. Besides, although we have had too little time to study the -habits of the Cyprian bees, having received our queens last summer -only, we have noticed that, while they resemble in color the Italian, -their habits are not the same. For instance, the Cyprian bees do not -cling to the combs as persistently as do the Italians, and resemble -more the blacks in this respect; the Cyprian queens, like the common -queens, are more easily frightened, and more difficult to find, than -the Italian queens. - -As to their other qualities we are unable to say anything. It will take -a few seasons to test them thoroughly. It is, therefore, desirable to -see them tested by a great number of bee-keepers in comparison with -Italian bees. - -I read in the Italian bee paper, _L’Apicoltore_, for January, just -received, that the Central Society of Italian Bee-Keepers will have an -exhibition on the first of May, to which the bee-keepers are invited -to send bees from every part of the country (probably to answer the -assertion of Mr. Jones, that there are black bees in Italy), in order -to compare the varieties which can exist on the entire peninsula. The -report of the commission of this society will thus put an end to the -discussions between those who contend that there are black bees in -Italy, and those who say that the Italian bees are all pure. Yet, it -is well to remember here, that in Italy, as well as in Germany, they -count but two yellow rings; for they do not count as a ring the first -segment, to which the thorax is attached. - -Hamilton, Ill., Feb. 5, 1881. - - - - - For the American Bee Journal. - -Bees and Grapes. - -REV. M. MAHIN, D. D. - - -I notice that the question whether bees destroy sound grapes is again -being discussed. I have been a bee-keeper for 11 years and during most -of that time have raised grapes enough for family use, and I have given -considerable time and attention to the question under discussion. All -my observations go to show that bees do not puncture sound grapes. I -have seen them sucking the juice from grapes that had been broken by -birds, and have picked off the broken grape, and watched the result. -The bees would run about over the bunch hunting for an opening, and -finally abandon the search. Last season a great many grapes were -destroyed or injured in this part of the country, and I gave the matter -special attention. Many of the grapes cracked more or less from the -effects of rains following dry weather, and many more were broken more -or less by birds. As forage was scarce the bees worked industriously on -these broken grapes until they were all gone. But on all the bunches -there were some grapes that were not broken, and these remained on the -vines until late in the season. After the juice had been sucked from -all the broken skins I saw the bees for many days vainly searching -for openings from which they might obtain the supplies they had been -accustomed to draw from the broken fruit. These sound grapes remained -on the vines, in some cases, for weeks after the bees had ceased to -get anything from the broken ones. Now it is plain that the juice of -these very ripe grapes would have been quite as acceptable to them as -that from the ones they are accused of having punctured and destroyed. -And to my mind it is clear that if they had punctured and destroyed as -many as they are accused of doing, they would not have become suddenly -reformed as the grapes became sweeter and more delicious. I will not -affirm that the bees cannot puncture the skin of a grape, but I do -affirm that as far as my very careful observation enables me to judge, -they do not. And if I am correct in this the injury done to the grapes -is very small. The injured grapes would spoil in a few days if the bees -were not to touch them. - -As far as I have been able to observe wasps, hornets, &c., do little -injury to grapes. The mischief results mostly from the cracking of the -skin, by a very few days, even, of wet weather after it has been dry -for some time. The skin of the grapes becomes so full that a jar from -the wind or from the alighting of a bird on the bunch, will cause them -to crack, and then, if there is a dearth of honey, they are sure to be -sucked dry by the bees, with more or less help from yellow jackets, -hornets, and wasps. It is possible that in some cases the skins are cut -by wasps, &c., but I think the cases are exceptional. - -Huntington, Ind., March 4, 1881. - - - - - For the American Bee Journal. - -The Use of Separators for Box Honey. - -GREINER BROTHERS. - - -In starting an apiary it is of great importance to adopt a hive that -will prove satisfactory to the manager, in all its features, for the -present as well as for the future. It is not an easy matter after an -apiary has been started and hives and appliances have accumulated, -to change the sizes or dimensions of such, if they should not be -satisfactory. In the different manifestations of the hive we find that -it is necessary to have brood frames and sections interchangeable, in -fact, it is still more convenient to have all the different parts of -the hives as uniform as mechanical workmanship can produce them, so -that frames, honey-boards, division-boards, covers, sections, mats, -&c., may be picked up anywhere and adjusted to any hive desired. - -The use of separators is another feature of this kind; if once adopted -and the bees arranged accordingly, it may cause considerable trouble -to remodel a lot of appliances, especially if separators of any -perceptible thickness are used. - -In the BEE JOURNAL for Feb. 2, Mr. Heddon gives some very good hints on -“hive and section making,” but we can not endorse all his points, and -in this article we refer in particular to his closing sentence. - -It seems strange to us that Mr. Heddon pronounces separators -“nuisances,” whilst other prominent bee-keepers, and we believe the -majority, use them and advocate their use. It must certainly be a query -to young beginners, who seek information amongst the contributors of -the JOURNAL, to encounter such square contradictions. Our experience is -about as follows: - -The 2 first years of our experience in bee-keeping found us equipped -with open surplus cases, we mean by surplus cases the adjustable -half-story, with the proper number of frames containing sections. The -seasons were good and the crops abundant, but the shape of a good -share of our honey was anything but desirable; it was not uniform in -thickness nor even; some being thick on one end and thin on the other, -some were missed entirely, whilst the adjoining one bulged out to take -up the space; in short, the variations were many. - -To glass and crate this honey for market cost us considerable trouble -and we concluded to try separators. The 25 cases we had prepared and -used the next season at our honey apiary proved to be a success; the -honey was “just splendid;” the sections in shape, thickness and weight -were as near perfect as could be desired, and we decided at once to -produce honey in no other way. However, we were not entirely satisfied; -we knew separators were objected to by some bee-keepers on account of -a smaller yield. Mr. Heddon says, on page 33 of the JOURNAL, “These -separators cost me too great a portion of my surplus crop.” - -To satisfy ourselves on this point we used the following season about -100 cases, rigged as the first 25, with separators, which we scattered -in our different apiaries side by side with open ones. The result -was that we noticed very little difference, if any, in the amount of -honey stored, and the editor’s opinion, on page 59, was exactly our -experience. - -Again, Mr. Heddon claims the first cost and trouble of manipulating to -be objectionable. We admit separators are an expense, but they need -not be very costly. We use basswood, costing us less than a cent each, -and even at twice that cost, would it not be economy then to expend -a comparative small amount if we can thereby produce honey in much -more attractive shape? Besides we claim separators lessen the trouble -of manipulating instead of increasing it. The reason we use wood is -because it is cheaper than metal and we believe better adapted, on -account of its being the most natural material for bee-habitations. - -Since we introduced separators the percentage of unfinished honey is -greatly reduced. At the end of the honey season we formerly found -open cases almost filled with comb and honey and not one single -finished section among them. This is not so much the case since we -use separators; when the flow of honey begins to diminish, we have -noticed our bees to be at work in a portion of the sections, whilst the -remainder would not be occupied at all; we have also taken off cases -at the end of a honey flow, which were entirely empty, except 2 or 3 -sections, and these were finished and marketable. To be sure these are -extremes, but it shows the benefit of separators. - -It might appear from the last part of this article, that we apply -surplus cases regardless of the working capacity of our colonies. -Circumstances may sometimes compel us to do so, but we aim to give our -bees no more surplus room than they can occupy. - -Naples, N. Y., March 6, 1881. - - - - - For the American Bee Journal. - -Texas for Bees and Honey. - -DR. J. E. LAY. - - -I write to answer several communications in regard to the adaptability -of our great State to bee-keeping, and as apiculture is engrossing -the minds of many of the most energetic, progressive and scientific -men of our land, I recognize the difficulty of even venturing an -opinion. As our great State is so varied in climate and flora, I will -state that my remarks have reference to my own section of perhaps a -radius of 100 miles. I have lived in Texas since 1850. I passed my -boyhood days on her beautiful prairies, amid her thousands of flowers -of every hue, freighting our incomparable sea breeze with more than -Arcadian sweetness, silence banished from her woodland slopes by the -joyous carol of beautiful song birds. Ever delighting in the marvelous -beauties of nature, how could I fail to love so beauteous a sunlit -home? Yes, and as a grown up boy I love it still. Greek nor Roman, -not even Wm. Tell, loved his country better than I, therefore my -bee-keeping friends will pardon me if I seem to color a little too -strongly. Our State is being filled with energetic farmers who are -reaping rich harvests from the virgin soil, for nearly all kinds of -seeds that are sown spring forth under the genial rays of the sun to 60 -and an hundred fold. - -Reasoning by analogy I opine that bee-keeping will result in like -manner. Apiculture is in its nascent form here, but the sun of science -begins to warm its quickening form. I have studied the best works on -apiculture, but have not given it a thorough practical test yet; I -purpose doing so this season. There are but few bees in our country, -all blacks except my little apiary of 7 colonies, which consists of -hybrids and blacks. I intend to Italianize in March, for they indeed -possess many advantages over the blacks. - -I have just wintered successfully in simplicity hives (plain) without -any sort of protection whatever, and this is the coldest winter I -ever saw in Texas. Dispatches state that at this time almost the -entire North is covered with snow. While my bees were in a quiver of -excitement to-day, Feb. 4, bringing in rich loads of pollen and honey -from turnips, mustards, &c., I could but delight in their rush of joy. -How different is the climate over which our vast brotherhood reaches! -Our honey plants reach nearly through the entire year, yielding as -good nectar as ever tickled the palate of man. In fact the harvest for -bees is almost endless, better, of course, some months. The market for -honey has never been developed: a few old “gums” to “rob” for “big -meeting” or for some extraordinary visitor is about all ever obtained. -“Bees do no good here these days, the moth destroy them,” say the “old -settlers.” The moth skulks away in the light of scientific bee-keeping -and its depredations are _nil_. - -To be successful all should study the science, read good books on the -subject, learn by close practical observation, read the periodicals -of our wide awake bee-men, among which there is none better than the -AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Energy and perseverance alone will succeed even -in the “sunlit clime” of Texas. Without these, all will just as surely -retrograde. - -Hallettsville, Texas. - - - - - For the American Bee Journal. - -Alsike Clover as a Honey Plant. - -L. JAMES. - - -Much has been written for the JOURNAL about the value of this variety -of clover for its yield of honey and hay. Such has not been my -experience with it, sown on 19 acres of land, and extending over 11 -years. In 1869 I bought some 38 pounds of the seed of Mr. Thomas, of -Canada. The cost to me, of the seed, duty and express charges, was $18. -Having 9 acres of ground planted with apple trees that had been bearing -for some time, and wishing to seed it down to grass I had the ground -well prepared for the reception of the seed, and a good rain fell just -after it was brushed in; it came up nicely, and as there was favorable -rains all through the summer it grew finely. The following season it -grew in length of stem and quantity of bloom far beyond my expectation, -and when in its full bloom it was a beautiful sight, resembling an -ocean of blossoms, and as I looked upon it, you may rely upon it my -calculations of boxes of nice alsike clover honey loomed up in large -proportions, but like many another calculation based upon what our bees -are going to do, it was all in fancy and I was doomed to disappointment. - -Day after day their flight was just in the opposite direction, with -only here and there a bee to be seen on it. There was a body of timber -¾ of a mile distant in the direction they were flying with pastures -well set in white clover between this timber and the apiary, and I -supposed the white clover pastures was the source of honey supply. This -state of things continued for some time, and seeing a bee-man pass by -that lived in the timber I inquired how his bees were getting along. -He replied they were doing finely as they ought to, for he had never -seen heavier honey dews. That was the secret, and soon my boxes began -to show evidence of the dark stuff being put into them, instead of -alsike honey. Fortunately for me, before much of it was stored in the -boxes, some heavy dashing rains washed it from the leaves and there -was no more of the dew for them to gather. The alsike and white clover -were in bloom for some time after this, but for some cause the bees -paid but little attention to it, and I was vexed to see the promise -of a rich return for my expenditure frustrated. I took it for granted -that the season was not congenial for its production of honey, as I -knew the same to be the case with white clover, as it was last summer. -After this at different times I sowed 2 other orchards of 5 acres each -with alsike, neither of which did as well as the first piece sown, -want of timely rains, &c., being the cause, but by continuous sowing I -succeeded in having them tolerably well set with it. - -Receiving no perceptible benefit from it, commensurate with its trouble -and expense, I have for some time been satisfied that in central -Illinois where our white clover is so abundantly furnished in our -pastures and road sides, without any expense, and hardy at that, it is -time and money put to a poor use. - -As a hay producing plant it amounts to but little after the first -season, as it becomes dwarfed in habit, and, I believe, will eventually -be but little larger in growth under like circumstances than the white -variety. The white clover is the honey plant for our latitude, and I -presume the alsike for Sweden, from whence it came, and corresponding -latitudes. After having had 11 years’ experience with it I think it -unworthy of attention from bee-men, either for honey or hay; at least -where the hardy white clover comes spontaneously to our hands. - -There is one thing I ought not to omit, in sowing this Canadian seed I -introduced a kind of cockle (different from any I have seen in Penn. or -Ohio) that holds its own much better than the clover, and I begin to -think it will be a standing pest difficult to get rid of. - -Atlanta, Ill. - - - - - Read before the N. E. Convention. - -The Supply and Queen Trade. - -A. B. WEED. - - -This is a subject, I believe, of interest to all who are engaged in -apiculture, either as bee-keepers, supply dealers or queen breeders, -and is growing as the business extends. - -The supply business seems as yet to be in a crude state, and prices -lack uniformity. In many cases we find needless “cutting” of prices. It -may be said that this is a good thing for buyers; but I believe that -the opposite is the case, for the inevitable result of unreasonably -low prices is inferior goods. When prices are so lowered that there is -no margin left for profit, the trade will not be supported with the -enterprise which is necessary to stimulate improvements or inventions, -or even to put the business on a good footing. The character of the -business can best be maintained if the energy of manufacturers is -directed to the perfecting of goods rather than the cheapening of them. -Good tools are necessary in any pursuit, and seem to be associated with -a thrifty business; in fact, the prosperity of a business is largely -dependent upon the means at hand of carrying it on. If one tool is -better than another—even if the difference is slight—it is worth -very much more, for the benefit of the difference is felt every time -that it is used. A good thing may be a source of profit, and a poor one -of loss. The best is _always_ the cheapest. - -There is one respect in which the business is in a better condition -than many others, and that is, that there is but very little credit -given. This is an advantage to both parties, for the seller loses -nothing through bad debts, and the prompt buyer does not have to pay -for the losses caused by the careless or dishonest ones. - -It is quite common among supply dealers to guarantee safe arrival of -goods. This condition of sale is unnecessary, as the express receipt -is sufficient, and in case of injury or loss the fact is more readily -proven and damages more easily collected than could be from some -dealers. It is unreasonable to expect the dealer to be responsible for -goods after they have left his hands, especially when the consignee can -adjust any difficulty more easily at his end of the line; this is the -customary rule in business. When articles are sent by mail the buyer -can protect himself against loss by having the article registered; -but the precaution is almost unnecessary, as it is _very rarely_ that -anything is lost in the mails. Of course the sender is required to use -necessary care in packing; with most shippers this is a point of pride. - -The traffic in queens seems to be closely allied to the supply -business—at least so I have found it—for as the bee-keeper begins -to feel the need of good tools he sees the advantage of good stock as -well; and he naturally looks in the same direction for both. I believe -that I express the opinion of the best queen breeders when I say that -it is much more satisfactory to sell a good queen at a correspondingly -good price—even if the profit is no greater in proportion—than a -cheap and poor one, for the reason that a queen, wherever she goes, -will represent the stock from which she came. And I believe, too, that -I speak the opinion of all observing apiarists when I say that it pays -infinitely better to keep good queens than poor ones. Thus it is that -good queens at good prices are more profitable to both parties. Some -of the best apiarists have discontinued selling any queens that are -not possessed of a high degree of merit, and send out only those which -are thoroughly tested and found to be good. In return they receive a -suitable price from appreciative customers. This is notably the case -in localities where honey raising is an established business, and -the value of good stock is therefore understood. It is now almost -universally held by apiarists that if good queens are to be obtained -they must be raised under favorable conditions. It is freely admitted -that to bring about these conditions requires a large outlay of time -and thought, as well as money. This especially is the case when queens -are to be reared out of season. - -The cost of rearing queens will decide their price, for of course -they will not be sold at prices which do not pay for rearing and a -reasonable profit besides. If buyers insist on having cheap queens, -they will get them, but their value will be found to correspond with -their price. The one-price rule, which is applied to queens throughout -the country, has the effect of causing many poor ones to be sold at -fair prices, which really should be killed. It has the tendency to -discourage the rearing of very superior ones, for as a rule, a thing is -no better than its price. When they are all sold at a uniform price it -is to be expected they will be nearly alike in merit, as there is no -special inducement for the breeder to improve his stock. The uniformity -of price probably originated in the supposition that all queens are -equally good, whereas experience proves the opposite to be true. A -queen that lays even a few more eggs daily than another is much more -valuable, for the extra number of eggs will be multiplied by the number -of days that she is kept. This difference alone, so often repeated, -will in time amount to more than the price of the queen. A poor queen -is kept at a corresponding loss, although both may have sold at the -same price. There are such things as plus and minus outside of algebra. -The buying of queens at present has some resemblance to a lottery. -They should be graded—at least so far as this is possible—and priced -accordingly. - -Combinations for the maintenance of artificial prices are impracticable -and undesirable. I would only submit that prices be based upon cost of -production and a _reasonable_ profit. - -Detroit, Mich. - - - - - For the American Bee Journal. - -Who is to Blame for the Losses? - -C. H. DIBBERN. - - -Already the reports of fearful losses are coming in thick and fast. -Every severe winter the story is the same. Now the question arises, -are these losses of bees inevitable every cold winter? If so then our -business as bee-keepers is still a mere matter of luck. - -During the last few years of mild winters the out-door wintering men -have had things about their own way in our bee-papers. Now, are these -papers not a little to blame for admitting articles to their columns -giving bad advice to the inexperienced? Many have advocated the -wintering on summer stands without protection or care, and persistently -claim to be masters in bee-keeping. I am perfectly willing to admit -that bees can be wintered very nicely on summer stands in a mild -winter, also that they are wintered successfully if well packed in -chaff in a cold winter; but I claim that the labor of preparing them is -more than double that of cellar wintering. - -I contend that the only certain way is to prepare a suitable place -especially for the bees. If a cellar, have the floor cemented and see -that it is dry, dark, and well ventilated. In such a place they will -not consume more than half the amount of honey they would if left out -“packed” in the most approved style. This being a fact they have no -particular occasion for a flight. I know that the out-door men claim -that cellar-wintered bees do not breed early and are liable to “spring -dwindle.” I hardly know what spring dwindling is. By good spring -management I have never failed to have my hives crowded as soon as -there is anything for the bees to do. Then what is to be gained by -having the queen expend her energies and raising vast broods of bees -in February to be ready to die when the blossoms come? But sometimes -failure comes even in the best of cellars; but would they have fared -any better out of doors? Nine times in 10 the cause can be traced to -bees filling their hives from the refuse of cider mills. How to keep -them from storing such stuff is one of the great problems to be solved. - -It is not to be supposed that any kind of a hole under a house will -do to winter bees. I have known bees to be packed away among onions, -cabbage, and sour kraut. In the spring they wonder what made their bees -die. Perhaps they were fastened by wire cloth so that the light could -be let in and the bees could not “get out you know.” That such must -fail is apparent. - -I do not find fault with those who prefer to pack in chaff and winter -out of doors; I cannot see, however, that it is the best way. - -It will be the “survival of the fittest” this winter, sure. The box -hive men and careless bee-keepers will go out of the business. It is -the golden opportunity for the bee-keeper of the future. Soon the -fields will be white with the harvest, but the laborers will be few. -The bees will have less competition in the fields and the honey in the -market. - -Milan, Ill. - - [Are the papers reprehensible for giving place to candid and - respectful arguments, whether based upon tenable or doubtful - theories, intended to advance and simplify a science of - such magnitude as the bee-keeping interest? Differences of - opinion (and honest ones, too,) exist in almost all leading - pursuits, and frequently, although seemingly contradicting - each other, lead to successful results: again, as has been - frequently demonstrated during the past winter, practices - embracing all the most approved theories, have alike proved - disastrous. There are so many favorable contingencies to be - provided, that theories are powerless to insure success. It - is interesting, as well as mystifying, to glance through our - correspondence from week to week, and note the different - methods of preparing bees for winter, and the disasters - attending all the different styles. Nor are the cellars - exempt from heavy losses, even where success has been - proverbial heretofore: The truth is, the winter has been an - exceptional one, and loss or success with a single or a few - individuals, will neither establish nor disprove theoretical - assertions; nor will it justify the “I told you so” class, - because successful, in arrogating to themselves all of human - wisdom.—ED.] - - * * * * * - -☞ The North Western Wisconsin Bee-keepers Association will meet at -Germania Hall, LaCrosse, Wis., on Tuesday, May 10, at 10 a.m. All -interested in bee-keeping are requested to be present. - - L. H. PAMMEL, JR., _Sec._ - - * * * * * - -☞ The next meeting of the N. W. Illinois and S. W. Wisconsin -Bee-Keepers’ Association, will be held at H. W. Lee’s, 2 miles n.w. of -Pecatonica, Winnebago county, Ills., on the 17th of May, 1881. - - J. STEWART, _Sec._ - - * * * * * - -☞ On account of unfavorable weather the convention at Monroe Centre, -Ill., met on Feb. 8, and there being but few present, adjourned to the -same place on March 29, 1881. - - A. RICE, _Pres._ - - - - -[Illustration: - - OLDEST BEE PAPER ESTABLISHED - in AMERICA in 1861 - - THE AMERICAN - BEE JOURNAL -] - -THOMAS G. NEWMAN. - -EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. - -CHICAGO, ILL., MAR. 23, 1881. - - - - -Frank Benton in the Far East. - - -Mr. Jones sends us the annexed extract from a letter of Mr. Benton’s, -and the following appreciative compliment to the BEE JOURNAL, for which -he will accept our thanks: - - Herewith I send you extract from a private letter just - received from Frank Benton, dated Pointe de Galle, Ceylon, - Asia, Jan. 30, 1881. The AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL has a warm - corner in my heart. Right glad am I that you have taken time - by the forelock, and issued a weekly. I would not have you - go back to a monthly for $25 a year, and you deserve the - congratulations of every bee-keeper; that prosperity may - crown your efforts is my wish. - - D. A. JONES. - - * * * * * - - FRIEND JONES:—* * * I shall start back with nothing but full - colonies. I have seen two native races of bees here, and - the comb of a third; one race is stingless, but worthless; - the tiniest little fellows, three-sixteenths of an inch - long. Another race is _Apis indica_. The third race I do not - believe is valuable, since it is a very small bee—smaller - than _Apis indica_. _Apis dorsata_ is a wonderful bee, - whether it can be domesticated or not. It builds in the open - air, on branches, often making combs 6 feet long; and I have - good authority for saying that 30 natives have each taken - a load of honey from one tree. It was not until I reached - Colombo that I could find out anything about _Apis dorsata_. - I call it _Apis dorsata_, but do not know positively as - that is its name, for no one can tell here, and I have not - yet seen the bee, as it was too late when I learned where - to find it, to go to that part of the Island and reach this - French steamer. Everybody says, though, a large bee, from - which large quantities of honey are obtained, exists in - the interior of the Island. The natives all know it by the - name _Bombera_. I start for Singapore by the French steamer - “Yangste,” on January 31st. - - FRANK BENTON. - - - - -=Circulars and Price Lists.=—We have received the following Circulars, -Price Lists and Catalogues for 1881: - - - L. H. Pammel & Bros., LaCrosse, Wis.—Italian Queens and - Bees—4 pages. - - Champion Bee Hive Co., Newcomerstown, O.—Apiarian - Supplies—12 pages. - - Thomas J. Ward, St. Mary’s Ind.—Fruit Trees and Poultry—16 - pages. - - T. Greiner, Naples, N. Y.—Vegetable and Flower Seeds—24 - pages. - - D. D. Palmer, New Boston, Ill.—Sweet Home Raspberry—4 pages. - - Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass.—Queens and Apiarian Supplies—4 - pages. - - Wm. W. Cary & Son, Colerain, Mass.—Queens, Bees and Apiarian - Supplies—8 pages. - - G. W. Thompson, Stelton, N. J.—Bees, Hives and Apiarian - Supplies—4 pages. - - S. D. McLean & Son, Culleoka, Tenn.—Italian Bees and - Queens—1 page. - - A. LaMontague, Montreal, Can.—Italian Queens, Hives and - Bee-Keepers’ Supplies—3 pages. - - Jas. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, Mass.—Vegetable, Flower and - Grain Seeds—60 pages. - - T. M. Metcalf & Son, St. Paul, Minn.—Field, Garden and - Flower Seeds—28 pages. - - Nanz & Neuner, Louisville, Ky.—Plants, Seeds. Bulbs, - etc.—80 pages. - - Landreth’s Rural Register and Almanac for 1881, Philadelphia, - Pa.—Garden Seeds—70 pages. - - Cole & Brother, Pella, Iowa.—Garden and Flower Seeds—44 - pages. - - J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, N. J.—Choice Small Fruit—40 - pages. - - Joseph Harris, Rochester. N. Y.—Field, Garden and Flower - Seeds—14 pages. - - James M. Thornburn & Co., 15 John Street, N. Y.—Seeds for - Garden and Farm—96 pages. - - L. B. Case’s Botanical Index, Richmond, Ind.—A Quarterly - Botanical Magazine—40 pages. - - * * * * * - -☞ The Emperor of Russia, while returning from a review on Sunday, March -12, was killed by a bomb thrown by a Nihilist. He was taken to the -Palace and died in a few hours. The assassins have been arrested. His -son succeeds him as Alexander III. - - - - -An Excellent Suggestion. - - - Prof. Cook has forwarded us for publication the annexed - open letter, addressed to Dr. N. P. Allen, President of the - North American Bee-Keepers’ Society. The reasons adduced in - support of the suggestion are well founded, and must strike - all minds favorably. September and October are usually among - the busiest months of the year to bee-keepers and farmers, - who have their later crops to garner, their honey to take off - and prepare for market, their fruit to gather and assort, - and their live stock to be made comfortable for winter; - while the date proposed by the Professor occurs just at that - period when everybody can spare the time best, when traveling - is the most enjoyable, and is quite late enough to enable - an approximate estimate of what the harvest will be. It is - competent for the Executive Committee (of which President - Allen is chairman) to fix upon such time as will best - subserve the interests of the Society. We trust they will - give the matter an early and careful consideration. Following - is the letter: - - - _To Dr. N. P. Allen:_ - -DEAR SIR: As the proposition which I am about to offer is of general -interest to the bee-keepers of our country, I beg leave to present it -through the AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL: - -The American Association for the Advancement of Science convenes at -Cincinnati, Ohio, on Wednesday, Aug. 17, 1881. This Association had -at its last meeting, in Boston, August, 1880, more than 1,000 members -present. Owing to its influence, and the large annual attendance, the -local committee at the place where the meetings are to be held are able -to procure greatly reduced rates on railroads leading to the place. - -Now, I would suggest that the North American Bee-Keepers’ Association, -which is to be held so near Cincinnati, convene at Lexington on -Wednesday and Thursday, August 24th and 25th. - -1st. This would accommodate such persons as myself, who wish to attend -both meetings, and could not afford time or means were they widely -separated by time. - -2d. A committee consisting of yourself, Mr. Muth, of Cincinnati, and -Mr. Wm. Williamson, of Lexington (I would do what I could to aid), -could act in conjunction with the local committee of the A. A. A. of -S., and I believe could get the commutation railroad rates to extend to -the National Bee-Keepers’ Association. - -3d. August is a quiet time with bee-keepers, and so far as I can see, -nothing would be lost in making the date of our meeting earlier than -the usual time. - -4th. The fact of accommodating such as wish to attend both meetings, -and the reduced railroad rates, could we secure them, would greatly -increase the attendance at the Bee-Keepers’ Association, and would -richly compensate for some loss, if such there would be. - -I only make this suggestion, hoping that you and others interested will -give it such consideration as its merits deserve. - - A. J. COOK, - - Vice Pres’t of Nat. Association and - President of Michigan Association. - - * * * * * - -☞ At the Utica Convention, last month, Mr. L. C. Root was appointed -a committee to endeavor to have the bill for the prevention of the -adulteration of sugar, syrups, etc., then before the Legislature of New -York, so amended as to include honey. We learn, with much pleasure, -that Mr. Root has succeeded in having it include honey, and Mr. R. is -quite sanguine that the bill so amended will become a law of the Empire -State. If passed, we hope that the bee-keepers of New York will see to -it that it will not be allowed to become a “dead letter” in the statute -books of that State. - - - - -[Illustration: _AMONG OUR EXCHANGES._] - - - - -GLEANINGS. - - -=Bees and Grapes.=—The Klassen and Krock difficulty about the bees -of the former committing depredations on the grapes of the latter, is -to be submitted to arbitration. It seems that the real trouble was a -“personal feud that does not concern bee-keepers at all”—the grape -matter was an outgrowth. This matter was referred to in Prof. Cook’s -article on page 74 of the BEE JOURNAL, and should now be entirely -divorced from the Bee and Grape controversy. - - -=Bees Dead in box hives.=—Mr. G. Castello, Saginaw, Mich., says that -on Feb. 22 he went to a neighbor’s, 5 miles distant, who had a box-hive -apiary consisting of 103 colonies of bees. After looking them over, -they found only 10 colonies alive; all the rest had died of dysentery. - - -=Honey for sore Eyes.=—Mr. S. C. Perry, Portland, Mich., says: - - “A neighbor of mine had inflammation in his eyes. He tried - many things of many physicians; ‘was nothing better, but - rather grew worse,’until he was almost entirely blind. His - family was sick, and I presented him with a pail of honey. - What they did not eat he put in his eyes, a drop or two in - each eye, 2 or 3 times a day. In 3 months’ time he was able - to read coarse print, and now, after 4 months’ use, his eyes - are almost as good as ever. I have also found honey good for - common cold-sore eyes.” - - - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - - -=Feeding in Winter.=—Mr. A. B. Weed, in the _Michigan Farmer_, says: - - “Many colonies which were put up for winter with but a small - amount of provision, have consumed what was given them, and - starved for want of more. Others have but a small amount of - stores left, and must be fed soon if they are to be saved. - The best way to feed such is to give them frames of well - ripened honey, but this the weather will not always permit. - The next best thing for them is candy; this can be given - at any time, and can be laid on top of the frames. If the - cluster is low down in the hive, it should be put down into - it, where it can be reached.” - - -=Bees and Grapes.=—Mr. W. H. Stout, in the Lancaster, Pa., _Farmer_, -gives the following as his experience: - - By close investigation I have satisfied myself that bees do not destroy -sound grapes. I had, during the past season, 22 colonies of Italian -and common black bees; all the hives were in close proximity to the -grapes, while a number had the vines trained over them for shade during -the heat of summer. The grapes are of the Concord variety, of which I -had an abundance of fine fruit, some clusters of which grew within 18 -inches of the entrance to the hives. Bunches of the grapes remained on -the vines until the frost had killed the foliage, which fell off and -left the grapes exposed, affording every temptation to the bees; and -this, too, through a season when the honey yield from natural sources -was so small that the bees consumed stores they had gathered earlier in -the season. But the bees do work on grapes, and also on other fruits -under certain conditions. If the skin of grapes, peaches, pears, etc., -is ruptured from any cause, the bees, wasps, ants, etc., are very quick -in discovering it, and soon leave only the dried shells. During the -hot weather of August, especially when there are frequent showers, the -skin of ripening fruit cracks, for reasons which I will leave to some -philosophical friend to explain. My conclusions are not hasty; nor were -my observations superficial; but they were prolonged from the time -the first grapes ripened until the close of the season. I found some -clusters of grapes literally covered with bees scrambling and fighting -for the little sweets contained in the cracked grapes, which are the -only ones on which they work, as I found out by driving the bees away -and removing from the clusters all the bursted grapes, when the bees, -as soon as they found only sound fruit remained, went away and left the -grapes uninjured. We also laid some bunches of grapes on top of the -hives and others close to the entrances, also left clusters hanging on -the vines close to the hives, where they remained uninjured by the bees -as long as the fruit was sound. I know very well that bees can gnaw -through heavy muslin, or shave off wood and straw. To cover the bees we -have quilts made of heavy muslin, which they sometimes bite through, -and we have wood and straw hives on which they have enlarged the -entrances; but, nevertheless, I am fully satisfied they do no injury -whatever to sound fruit. - - -=Feeding Rye-Meal.=—In the _Indiana Farmer_ Mr. F. L. Dougherty says: - - “Bees will not raise brood without pollen in some shape. - We frequently find colonies with but very little, and at - times none at all. In crowding them on a few frames, quite - frequently those left in the hive contain but little, if - any. So it becomes necessary to furnish it to them, until - they can gather it from natural sources. Unbolted rye-meal - is probably the best substitute, although they will use - wheat-flour, corn-meal, oat-meal, or in lieu of any of these, - will even carry saw-dust. To get the bees started, place a - piece of comb on the meal, and if the weather be pleasant and - no pollen to be had they will soon appropriate it. They will - leave the meal when natural pollen makes its appearance.” - - -☞ That excellent Monthly, published in Nyon, Switzerland, by Mons. E. -Bertrand,—the “_Bulletin D’Apiculteur pour la Suisse_”—gives the -Weekly BEE JOURNAL the following kind notice: - - “We have received the first 2 numbers of the AMERICAN BEE - JOURNAL, which has been transferred from a Monthly to a - Weekly, by its Editor, Mr. T. G. Newman. Only one apiarian - publication is issued every 2 weeks, the _Bienen-Zeitung_ of - Eickstadt. That of Mr. Newman’s is, therefore, ‘the only one - in the entire world which is published weekly.’ It is also, - without doubt, the most universal. Its principal contributors - are among the most distinguished bee-keepers of America, - together with scientists, entomologists, chemists and - farmers; and the number of those who send it communications - can be called legion. It is, with an understanding of the - full extent of the services which it renders, through the - abundance of the observations and of the information which it - brings before its readers, that we offer to our colleague and - friend our warmest felicitations on the occasion of the new - development of his publication.” - -This very kind notice is the more valuable as Mons. E. Bertrand is a -man of intelligence and wealth, whose sole interest is his love of the -pursuit of bee-keeping. - - -☞ _L’Apicoltore_, the organ of the Central Società d’Apicoltore -d’Italia, also gives the BEE JOURNAL the following very kind notice, in -its excellent number for February: - - “The bee-papers are every day augmenting to suit the - increasing need of the readers, and the publisher of the - AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, Signor Newman, who came to Europe and - to Milan last year, announces that at the beginning of 1881 - his Monthly JOURNAL will be issued every week.” - - * * * * * - -☞ In Mr. A. Hoke’s letter, on page 77, he stated that the dead bees -covered the ground for several yards. That was bad enough, but our -compositor made it a hundred times worse by adding the word _hundred_. -The reader will please discount that expression accordingly. - - - - -[Illustration: - - _SELECTIONS FROM - OUR LETTER BOX_ -] - - -=But Few Bees Lost.=—We have had a pretty hard winter for bees, -although I have heard of but few losses in this section. My bees are -packed in chaff, and are all alive but 2 colonies, which were very weak -when packed. Success to the BEE JOURNAL. - - F. W. BURTNETTE. - - Morrice, Mich., March 12, 1881. - - -=An Old Queen.=—We have had a couple of warm, bright days at last, -and my bees are flying, what of them are alive. Out of 33 colonies, I -think I have 10 or 12 alive, some of them pretty strong, others weak. I -have 3 Italian colonies—they seem strongest. What hives I have looked -into, where the bees are dead, appear to have plenty of honey, and the -other bees appear to be taking the honey out, and I fear are taking -from the weak colonies also. Should I prevent them from appropriating -it? I noticed some drones with one of my Italian colonies; what does -that mean at this time of year? I have been a short distance south, -returning home 3 weeks ago. There has been great loss of bees in -Fayette and Wayne counties, as well as in Wabash. Please answer above -questions in the BEE JOURNAL. - - JOEL BREWER. - - Lincolnville, Ind., March 10, 1881. - - [It is not advisable to let bees have access to combs in - other hives; if they need honey, put the combs in the hives - where wanted, and not too many. If the strong are robbing the - weaker colonies, exchange stands with them. The presence of - drones thus early indicates an old or defective queen. Unless - there is a large quantity of sealed worker brood (indicating - the queen is perfect), we would supersede her as soon as - possible, unless the bees save the trouble. —ED.] - - -=Gathering Pollen.=—My bees gathered pollen lively to-day, and are -strong for this time of year. My loss in wintering is 4 colonies, -leaving 8 to commence the season with. Nearly all the bees in this -county are dead. - - JOHN C. GILLILAND. - - Bloomfield, Ind., March 15, 1881. - - -=No Winter Flight Yet.=—I am trying to winter 163 colonies in Mitchell -hives. All are boxed and packed in chaff with 2 thicknesses of burlaps -over the bees; the ends of the hives to the division-boards are filled -with chaff; combs contracted to such numbers as bees would cover. They -were put into winter quarters Nov. 13, and have had no flight yet. I -find many colonies affected with dysentery, and 12 are dead. It is -snowing to-day with prospects of another blizzard. I cannot estimate -the loss at present; will report at a future time. With many others, I -am free to throw in my mite of joy for the weekly visitations of the -JOURNAL. - - D. VIDETO. - - North East, Pa., March 15, 1881. - - -=Bees Confined 4½ Months.=—This has been the severest winter that I -can remember. My 27 colonies of bees have not had a flight since Nov. -1. They are in a cellar; one of my neighbors had over 50 colonies, -but there are only 5 left. He tried to winter out of doors, but has -put what he had left in a cider mill. Another had over 20 colonies, -wintered out of doors and lost all. I have but little hopes of having -over 6 or 8 colonies; there is but little hopes of having weather that -bees can have a flight for 2 weeks yet. We are in a snow blockade yet. -We have had but one mail in over 2 weeks. I like the Weekly better each -number; it brings us nearer together and we can sympathize with our -bee-keeping friends. Let us hope for the best; there are better times -coming. Success to the Weekly. - - E. BUMP. - - Waterloo, Wis., March 14, 1881. - - -=Closed out by Fire.=—I had the misfortune to be “closed out” of the -bee-business by fire, on the night of March 4, losing all of my 36 -colonies of Italians, one of which contained an imported queen. They -were all in the cellar; I also lost all the implements necessary to -carry on the business, my house and contents. This was “closing out” -rather unexpectedly, but I hope not to remain out very long. - - WM. H. TRAVIS. - - Brandon, Mich., March 10, 1881. - - -=Bees in Good Condition.=—Though there is a great loss of bees -hereabouts, mine are yet in good condition, and I hope they will come -out right in the spring. The Weekly BEE JOURNAL I value more and more -all the time. - - THOMAS LASHBROOK. - - Waverly, Iowa, March 11, 1881. - - -=Lost 8 out of 37 in Wintering.=—I put 37 colonies into winter -quarters, all in good condition except 4 or 5 small late swarms, and as -it was a poor season for honey, they did not fill up; 29 were packed -under a shed, open to the south and east. Before packing I removed the -outside frames and put in cushions made by covering empty frames with -sacking and filling with chaff; also 2 inches of the same on the top -of the racks. My loss to date is 3. I prepared 5 in the same manner, -but left them on the summer stands; lost 4. Two that I was sure would -starve if not fed, I removed to a room over another where a fire is -kept, placed them at a window and arranged a passage leading outside; -then, with wire cloth over the frames, I can feed and examine without -their flying out. They are all right. One I left on the summer stand -with a set of section boxes, unprotected, and it is very strong. On -March 9th my bees had their first good flight since Oct. 25. I had one -colony in a box-hive; of course they are dead. Total loss to date, 8 -out of 37. Nearly all are strong now. I am with the majority when I say -that the Weekly BEE JOURNAL is a decided improvement. Success to it. - - WM. MORHOUS. - - Dearborn, Mich., March 14, 1881. - - -=Sweet Clover.=—Must the sweet clover be sowed over again, or does it -sow itself? Please answer in the Weekly BEE JOURNAL, which I could not -do without. It is the best bee paper that is published. - - LEWIS SIEGMAN. - - Newstadt, Ont., March 11, 1881. - - [A good “stand” of sweet clover will sow itself, as there are - generally some seeds that do not catch the soil the first - season, but germinate the second. It is more satisfactory, - however, to plant the second season about half the complement - put in the first, after which it will bloom annually, and sow - itself.—ED.] - - -=Had a Flight in January.=—In the winter of 1879 I put 30 colonies -into my cellar; but it was so warm that they were uneasy and I put them -back on the summer stands. I lost 10 colonies; I now have 20 colonies, -facing the south, sheltered by a board fence on the north and covered -with about 18 inches of straw. About 10 days ago they had a nice -flight, and I covered them up again. I think of building a house for -them facing the south, and boarding up the other 3 sides; I will then -cover the hives with about 2 feet of straw, which I can remove on a -bright day and give them a flight. I intend to leave the straw on them -until warm weather, and thus aid them to keep warm for brood rearing, -&c. I wish the BEE JOURNAL success. - - T. RICE. - - Lenox, Ill., Feb. 4, 1881. - - -=Nearly All Dead.=—Bees are nearly all dead in this region. I had 33 -colonies last fall and now have but 10; a neighbor had 40 and now has -none; another had 44 and now has 2; another had 75, and 3 weeks ago -they were reduced to 20. Several have lost all but 1 or 2, and some -have lost all. - - WM. S. BUCHANAN. - - Hartford, Ind., March 14, 1881. - - -=Bokhara Clover.=—Please answer the following questions in the JOURNAL: - -1. When is the best time to sow Bokhara clover? - -2. Should it be sown alone or with a grain crop, or with other kinds of -clover? - -3. Should it be cut for hay, pastured, or kept for bees only? - -4. Which is the best kind of hive for comb honey—a one-story with -racks to hold sections, or a two-story, with section boxes put in cases -in the upper story? - - JOHN H. HEARD. - - Flesherton, Ont. - - [1. Early in spring is as good a time as any for planting - Bokhara, melilot or sweet clover—we fail to discover any - difference in them. - - 2. For bees alone, sow it alone. - - 3. If desired for cattle or sheep, sow it with timothy, - letting them graze it, as it blooms but little the first - season; afterward keep them off. - - 4. One-story with rack is more easily manipulated.—ED.] - - -=An Enthusiast.=—My apiary is located on a hill-side sloping to the -west, and hives fronting south. The Macoupin creek is ½ mile south -of it, and several sloughs within a mile, with plenty of soft and hard -maple, willows and cotton-wood. I packed rags around and on top of my -13 hives, on their summer stands, on the 25th of October. The bees -were in good condition. Only one colony gave any surplus; from that I -took 40 lbs., and left them 35. I examine my bees every week and clean -out the dead ones. They had a good flight on the 13th of December, and -again on Feb. 22d, when every colony had brood in all stages, and No. -2 was crowded full of young bees, and had a queen cell just ready to -put the egg in, which I took off. Feb. 26th was a warm day, and No. 2 -sent out a swarm; it was queenless, however, so I sprinkled them with -peppermint water and united them with No. 12, which was weak. I do -not keep bees for profit in dollars and cents, but for pleasure, as I -do love them. I am a merchant, and own 275 acres of land, but being -an invalid, look to my bees for recreation. In a radius of 4 miles -from my apiary, on Nov. 1st, there were 13 bee-owners, with a total -of 73 colonies. On the 1st inst. there were 19 colonies left, and -they were in bad condition. I am the only one taking the BEE JOURNAL -here—success to it. - - R. M. OSBORN. - - Kane, Ill., March 4, 1881. - - -=Bees All Dead.=—I now send you my report for the winter of 1880–81, -which will long be remembered by the bee-keepers in this locality. I -commenced the winter with 9 colonies of bees, all carefully packed in -chaff on the summer stands with plenty of nice sealed honey. They were -packed on the 13th day of last Nov., and from that until the present -time (121 days) there has not been a single day that the bees could -safely fly, and the consequence is my bees are all dead, from the -effects of their long confinement. They left plenty of honey, but the -combs are badly soiled. I am not discouraged, however, and shall try -again. A gentleman living not far from here had only 8 colonies left -out of 39, 2 weeks ago, and when spring condescends to smile on us -again we think it will not need a returning board to count the bees -in this county. I am well pleased with the new Weekly; it is always a -welcome visitor. - - J. R. KILBURN. - - Fisher Station, Mich., March 14, 1881. - - -=Bees Robbing.=—Here in Texas we have had a severe winter, but not -much snow. The thermometer went down to 20° above zero. Last season -was a poor one for honey; we had a cold spell in Nov.; then had warm -weather for 2 weeks, and my hybrid bees began to rob. The pure Italians -behaved well, neither robbed nor let the others rob them. I used water -and kerosene oil, but it was of no use; at last I hit upon a remedy. My -hives have the bottom boards projecting in front. I ripped out one-inch -square pieces 5 inches long, cut coarse wire cloth 2x6, bent it -lengthwise in the middle, tacked on 2 sides of each block, leaving wire -about 5 inches to give them air; I drove a nail through each end and -nailed it in front of each hive. Every 10 or 15 days when the weather -was fine, an hour before night, I let them out to have a fly. We have -had fine weather for the last 2 weeks. I let the bees out on Jan 30; -they have been busy carrying in pollen from elm since Jan. 31, and have -forgotten their stealing propensities. I opened some hives this evening -and found plenty of sealed brood, and will have drones flying by Feb. -24. - - J. W. ECKMAN. - - Richmond, Texas, Feb. 10, 1881. - - -=Chloroform.=—About 10 years ago I used chloroform in handling bees, -after the following plan: I provided myself with a tin slide about 5 -inches long and 2 wide; punched a few holes in it, and stitched on one -side of it a pad of 3 or 4 thicknesses of cotton cloth. Then after -closing all ventilators and entrances except the lower one, I turned -about one teaspoonful of chloroform on the pad and slipped it through -the entrance, and immediately closed the hive with a wad of cloth, I -then listened carefully until the bees had nearly ceased humming (or -about 1 or 2 minutes) and then opened the hive and withdrew the slide. -They were cross hybrid Italians. - - P. F. WHITCOMB. - - Lancaster. Wis., March 5, 1881. - - -=Test for Honey.=—Bee-keepers need a good honey test, to expose the -“rag syrup,” an admixture of honey and glucose, with which the New York -market is flooded. In every grocery, meat market and drug store there, -can be found cans of “Walker’s best honey,” labeled “Greenpoint, N. -Y.,” but there is not much honey in it. Last fall I went into a drug -store there with 4 samples of my best honey. They tested it, and what -they used turned it perfectly black. I saw one of Walker’s cans of -honey there, and asked them to test that; they did so, but the same -drugs had no effect whatever on that. They would not tell me what they -used to test it; but I would like to have a good and simple test given -in the BEE JOURNAL. - - H. RICHEY. - - Sing Sing, N. Y. - - [Pure green tea, well steeped, is used by many to detect the - presence of glucose in honey. If the honey dissolves without - changing the color of the tea, it is supposed to be pure. - But in these days of “enterprise,” it is frequently a matter - of doubt whether the tea is pure; again, if, as is claimed, - glucose is sometimes manufactured without leaving sulphuric - acid or other deleterious substances in it, then the tea - would hardly expose it when mixed with honey. Alcohol is also - used to detect the presence of glucose; but besides being - frequently inconvenient to obtain, it requires considerable - skill in its use. - - Thousands of bee-keepers will unite with us in thanking - Prof. Kedzie, of the Michigan Agricultural College, for a - simple test to detect adulterations in honey and syrups, and - instructions for its application.—ED.] - - -=Three-Fourths of the Bees Dead.=—The present severe winter has killed -¾ of the bees in this section. Bees have not had a thorough cleansing -flight since Nov. 8. One apiary of 61 colonies, well packed in chaff -and plenty of good stores, will not go through with over 50 per cent. -Mine have been confined in the cellar for 118 days, have wintered well -so far, but are becoming uneasy. - - M. A. GILL. - - Viola, Wis., March 13, 1881. - - -=Mortality of Bees in House and Cellar.=—I put 60 colonies of bees in -a house and cellar last Nov.; 12 of them are dead and I have taken out -one-and-a-half bushels of dead bees. Nearly all have the dysentery. I -cannot do without the Weekly. I wish it much success. - - MILO MUNGER. - - Harvard, Ill., Mar. 14, 1881. - - -=Bees Doing Well.=—My bees had a nice flight on the 9th, 10th and 11th -of this month and are now doing well. It is cold again to-day. - - J. R. WAGGONER. - - Grantville, Kan., March 12, 1881. - - -=Dwindling in the Cellar.=—I put 53 colonies in the cellar, in good -condition, which are all alive but one; but there are a great many -dead bees on the bottom of the cellar—more than I ever knew before. -I gather them up and carry them away occasionally, to prevent their -tainting the air. Will the loss of so many weaken the colonies, and -what is the cause of it? My bees have not seen the light this winter, -yet they seem all right excepting the loss of so many on the cellar -bottom. - - WM. F. STANDISH. - - Evansville, Wis., March 9, 1881. - - [If the colonies were very strong, the loss may not be - appreciable. The cause may be attributed to age of the bees - when put away, and subsequent long confinement; or the - cellar may have been too warm at times, and the bees become - uneasy.—ED.] - - -=Contradictory Experience.=—The poor bees have suffered dreadfully in -this locality, and the circumstances and conditions under which some -have perished and others survived the past trying season, are so varied -that I am quite at a loss what to think about bee preservation during -the winter season. I had 12 colonies last fall; I packed 6 with chaff 6 -inches thick around them, and have 1 colony left of the lot. There is -honey in the combs, but the bees are all dead. I put 3 colonies in the -cellar; 2 of them are alive, but in a bad condition, the combs being -dirty and moldy. I left 3 on the summer stands, and 1 is yet alive. -None died for want of honey; there was plenty of food for them in the -hives. The 6 were put into the chaff in the latter part of November, -and taken out on the 8th of March. The combs look clean and free from -mold. About a week before I took them out of the chaff I had taken off -the front boards, and finding the bees alive, shut them up again. Upon -taking them out this was the only colony that was alive. When I took -the chaff off, the bees were crowded around the entrance ready to fly, -which they did at once, and had a lively time until they were driven -inside by the approach of night. Do you think the other 5 colonies -were dead the first time I looked at them? They had a passage through -the chaff 1 inch high by 4 wide. A friend of mine here had 4 colonies -wintered outside, with an old piece of sail-cloth over them, and only -lost one, while old bee-keepers, with between 50 and 100 colonies, have -lost one half, and others have lost all. - - F. A. HUTT. - - South Bend, Ont., March 11, 1881. - - [Your question is a stunner; we have no data on which to base - an intelligent opinion.—ED.] - - -=Wintered Without Loss.=—My 27 colonies came through the winter -without the loss of a single one, for which I can thank 4 or 5 colonies -of Italians, for without them I should not have had honey enough to -have kept them through, even a moderate winter, to say nothing of -such a stinger as we have had. I have withheld my opinion in regard -to the change in the JOURNAL from a monthly to a weekly till I had -tried it a couple of months, and will now say that it would be a great -disappointment if you were to go back to a monthly. I am glad that you -have so often devoted your first page in each number to the subject of -bee-pasturage, for that is, or should be, our leading study now, till -we are on surer ground. The best way to make bee-keeping popular is to -make it pay; and it will pay if we can get the pasturage every year. -I would rather have a tip-top honey plant than an Apis dorsata, if it -had a tongue long enough to lick the molasses out of the bottom of a 5 -gallon keg. We shall have plenty of white clover this year. - - WM. CAMM. - - Murrayville, Ill., March 12, 1881. - - -=Bees Uneasy in the Cellar.=—This has been a very hard winter for bees -in this section of the country. Nearly all the bees are dead that were -left on the summer stands. I have 40 colonies in the cellar, all alive -but restless. They need a cleansing flight very much. The Weekly BEE -JOURNAL pleases me very much. - - CHAS. H. DOW. - - Freedom, N. Y., March 12, 1881. - - -=Bees Much Better Than Expected.=—My bees are much better than I had -any reason to expect. I left them on their summer stands, and did not -even take the tops off, but I have them all off now. I had about 80 and -now have 70 colonies in good shape. I find I must either attend to my -bees or quit the business, and have made arrangements with a friend who -has about the same quantity, who will take charge. We shall call it the -“Gipsy Apiary,” and our motto will be, “if the honey will not come to -us we will go to the honey.” Mr. Heddon thinks it won’t pay to move for -honey, and he is pretty good authority, but we will try. Keep us posted -through the JOURNAL where is the best place to sell honey. Keep the -ball rolling in the suppression of adulterated honey, as well as other -adulterations. - - I. H. SHIMER. - - Hillsboro, Ill., March 14, 1881. - - -=Have Young Bees and Brood.=—I put 15 colonies of bees into winter -quarters and now have 13 in fair condition; some had young bees 2 weeks -ago, and all of them have brood. The last 2 years have been very poor -for bees; the last the worst, being followed by such a cold and long -winter. About one half of the bees in this locality are dead. - - G. M. GIVAN. - - Moore’s Hill, Ind., March 14, 1881. - - -=Bees in the Cellar 135 Days.=—I carried 22 colonies of bees out for -a flight on March 8. This is the first suitable day for bees to fly -there has been here since they were put in the cellar on the last of -Oct. They came through the 4½ months’ confinement very well, except -2 or 3 third-rate colonies that had more hive room than they could well -keep warm through this cold winter, and now they seem to be somewhat -reduced in numbers. The day was rather cold, snow did not soften in -the shade but the sun shone brightly, “the winds were asleep,” and the -bees seemed to enjoy the fray, but left a good number of the slain on -untrodden snow. They were returned to the cellar at night and will be -supplied with water in their hives, hoping to secure the starting of a -good cluster of brood before they are placed on their summer stands, -about the 1st of May. I usually keep them in confinement without a -flight for 5 or 6 months, with good results, but in 1879 brood rearing -ceased about the 1st of Sept.; the hives were destitute of brood when -carried out, April 18, and although the hives filled rapidly with -brood, before it began to hatch nearly all the old bees were dead, -giving me the most disastrous case of spring dwindling that I have -known in an experience of 25 years. I hope to avoid such losses in the -future. - - A. WEBSTER. - - E. Roxbury, Vt., March 10, 1881. - - -=The Best Honey for Winter.=—By this time I presume all the readers of -the BEE JOURNAL know that the winter has been quite severe—about as -destructive to the older people as to bees. Bella Lincoln, the oldest -bee-keeper in this section of the country, died this winter; and since -then nearly all of his 100 colonies of bees have also died. My 60 -colonies are in the cellar with chaff over the frames; some are dead, -and the entrances to others are soiled, indicating dysentery. Several -which had sealed honey stored in the summer are all right. Some worked -on a cider mill, but if they have good sealed honey I do not think it -makes so much difference about the kind of winter. I like the Weekly -BEE JOURNAL, because it “enthuses” me every time I read it. In any kind -of business one needs some enthusiasm, at least once a week. - - C. F. SMITH, JR. - - Vandalia, Mich., March 12, 1881. - - -=Carrying in Pollen.=—My 5 colonies of bees wintered well on summer -stands, in double-walled Langstroth hives. They are carrying in dark -pollen to-day; I think they get it from the maple. - - H. H. LITTELL. - - Louisville, Ky., March 5, 1881. - - -=Chaff-Packing of Bees Triumphant.=—The winter has been a severe one -everywhere. Since the 1st of Nov. until the first days of this month -my bees had not had a flight. I live in a very high altitude, about -the highest good land in the State. The winter begins early and lasts -long. We have an abundance of snow now and it is blustering wildly -to-day. I despaired of seeing my bees come out alive; they were covered -solidly with snow for 3 months, only the tops of the hives being -visible. At last the weather softened and I dug away the snow. The -next day or 2 the sun came out warmly and my bees began to fly, and -greatly to my happy disappointment they are all alive—all that I had -out on the summer stands. One only was dull, which I examined and found -enfeebled with dysentery, arising from the feed I gave them in the -fall. All others were strong. Just 122 days had intervened between the -flights. The sick colony has since died, but the others are in the best -condition. This success is a tribute to the chaff-packed hive. Is there -another record of 122 days’ confinement and yet come out strong? - - W. S. BLAISDELL. - - Randolph, Vt., March 11, 1881. - - -=Look out for the Robbers.=—We have had a very hard winter on bees in -this section of the country. Bees that were not properly packed for -winter are nearly all dead, while those that were properly packed are -nearly all in good condition. We are having good weather now and the -bees are flying nicely. Those having weak colonies and hives of combs -without bees will have to look out for robbers and keep their small -colonies crowded upon as few combs as they can, keeping the entrance -contracted, so that only 1 or 2 bees can enter at one time. Hives in -which the bees have died should be closed tightly. The Weekly BEE -JOURNAL is a welcome visitor. I could not think of doing without it. - - J. A. OSBORNE. - - Rantoul, Ill., March 17, 1881. - - -=Two-thirds of the Bees have Died.=—Over ⅔ of all the bees in this -part of the State are now dead. I have met with a heavy loss, on -account of a cider mill that was within 80 rods of my apiary last fall. - - HIRAM ROOP. - - Carson City, Mich., March 12, 1881. - - -=Bees in Good Condition.=—We put out on the summer stands on the 9th -and 10th of March, 150 of our 200 colonies that we had in the cellars -in good condition. These were the first days that bees could fly with -safety since the first of Nov. We have 50 colonies more in one cellar, -but as they seem to be doing well, we shall leave them in until it -becomes settled weather. We left 9 colonies on their summer stands but -the winter was so long and severe that we could not feed them and 3 of -them starved. Now we are busy transferring, that is shaking the bees -off the combs, cleaning them off and putting them into clean hives. If -we find any not strong enough we double them up. We consider ourselves -nearly masters of the wintering question, as our real losses for the -last 10 years, we think, would not exceed 6 per cent.; in fact we did -not lose a colony in winter or spring, until the number had reached -about 100. The BEE JOURNAL is a welcome Weekly visitor. - - T. S. BULL & SON. - - Valparaiso, Ind., March 15, 1881. - - -=Death Reigns among the Bees.=—Having made some inquiry concerning -the bees within a radius of about 2 miles, I find some bee-keepers, -some who keep bees, and those that let the bees keep themselves. Mr. H. -had 3 colonies, all are dead; Mr. L. had 7, one left; Mr. D. left his -11 colonies without protection and now has 11 empty hives for sale; -Mr. B. let the winters’ blast try his 20 colonies and now has 12 empty -hives; Mr. F. packed 37 in chaff and has 11 left; Mr. A. put up 57 in -complete order, but with all his precaution all are dead; Mr. B. put -into winter quarters 73 colonies of fine Italians, 58 of them are dead. -I packed in clover-chaff 101 colonies, and 23 have gone the way of all -the earth. My bees were confined in their hives from Oct. 20 until -March 6. I packed 24 in Langstroth hives with space the whole width of -hive left open, to give plenty of fresh air, yet at the same time warm, -with a due amount of packing, and in this lot have not lost one colony, -and very few bees; but the end is not yet. To-day I found young bees -with brood in all stages. - - G. W. NAFTZGER. - - South Haven, Mich., March 17, 1881. - - -=No Loss In Wintering.=—Nearly all the bees in this vicinity that -were left to care for themselves are extinct. I had 14 colonies packed -comfortably in chaff before the cold weather commenced, and have not -lost any yet. I am highly pleased with the Weekly BEE JOURNAL, and wish -it great success. - - J. P. MOORE. - - Morgan, Ky., March 14, 1881. - - -=Poor Season but Fair Profit.=—After selling my surplus colonies, -I commenced the season of 1880 with 37 colonies in fair condition; -increased by division and natural swarming to 63, and 12 nuclei. -I reared 30 Cyprian and Italian queens; had 100 Gallup frames of -foundation drawn out, and extracted 400 lbs. of honey. Estimating the -increase at $6 per colony, and deducting the expenses, my income for -care and labor is $250, or about $6.50 for each colony in the spring. -I put 75 colonies, in fair condition (including the 12 nuclei), into -winter quarters Dec. 8; some were short of stores, and all had poor -honey. On March 1st I found 8 colonies and 4 nuclei dead—4 starved and -8 died from the effect of poor honey and long confinement. More of them -are diseased and must have a flight soon or die. With the loss of stock -already mentioned, and allowing for more to follow, the credit will be -cut down to $3.50 per colony. The season has been the poorest I ever -knew, but even $3.50 is a fair profit on the investment. White clover -gave no honey; basswood lasted only 10 days, but yielded well; had it -lasted 2 weeks longer I should have had an average yield of honey for -the season. Without this flow of basswood honey, the bees must have -been fed, but now they have enough stores to carry them through till -spring. As the heavy snows have no doubt preserved the clover, the -outlook for honey this summer is good. I hardly need say that I am -pleased with the Weekly BEE JOURNAL. - - T. E. TURNER. - - Sussex, Wis., March 1, 1881. - - -=Planting Buckwheat for a Honey Yield.=—In answer to Mr. A. Hodges, on -page 78, I will say that buckwheat is a peculiar plant about yielding -honey. I have never known it to fail here in yielding enough honey -for the bees’ winter stores, and usually very much more; in other -localities in the same latitude, it cannot be relied on at all for a -honey crop. It seems, however, that it never yields through the entire -season in which it can be made to bloom. Quite a large amount of it is -cultivated every season in my vicinity, much of it generally coming -into full bloom as early as the middle of July, yet I have never known -it to yield any honey earlier than the 1st of August, and very rarely -before the 10th; but when it commences to yield honey, it does so -profusely until the plant itself is ripe, or killed by frost. I would -say to Mr. Hodges, or any one else intending the sowing of successive -crops of buckwheat, that it is useless to sow any early in the season, -to blossom before the 1st of August. I am intending to sow about 20 -acres of it this season for my bees. I shall put the first crop of it -in the ground about June 25; the rest about July 10. That from the last -sowing will remain in bloom until frost comes, even if that is delayed -later than ordinary. - - O. O. POPPLETON. - - Williamstown, Iowa, March 9, 1881. - - - - -Local Convention Directory. - - 1881. _Time and Place of Meeting._ - - April 2—S. W. Iowa, at Corning, Iowa. - 5—Central Kentucky, at Winchester, Ky. - Wm. Williamson, Sec., Lexington, Ky. - 7—Union Association, at Eminence, Ky. - E. Drane, Sec. pro tem., Eminence, Ky. - 7—N. W. Ohio, at Delta, Ohio. - 13—N. W. Missouri, at St. Joseph, Mo. - D. G. Parker, Pres., St. Joseph. Mo. - May 4—Tuscarawas and Muskingum Valley, at Cambridge, - Guernsey Co., O. - J. A. Bucklew, Sec., Clarks, O. - 5—Central Michigan, at Lansing. Mich. - 10—Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y. - C. M. Bean, Sec., McGrawville, N. Y. - 11—S. W. Wisconsin, at Darlington, Wis. - N. E. France, Sec., Platteville, Wis. - 12, 13—Texas Bee-Keepers’ Association, at McKinney, - Collin Co., Texas. - W. R. Howard, Sec., Kingston, Hunt Co., Tex. - Sept. — —National, at Lexington, Ky. - —Kentucky State, at Louisville, Ky. - Oct. 18—Ky. State, in Exposition B’d’g, Louisville, Ky. - W. Williamson, Sec., Lexington, Ky. - -☞ In order to have this Table complete, Secretaries are requested to -forward full particulars of time and place of future meetings.—ED. - - - - -CLUBBING LIST. - - -We supply the Weekly =American Bee Journal= and any of the following -periodicals, for 1881, at the prices quoted in the last column of -figures. The first column gives the regular price of both: - - _Publishers’ Price._ _Club._ - - The Weekly Bee Journal (T. G. Newman) $2 00 - and Gleanings in Bee-Culture (A. I. Root) 3 00 2 75 - Bee-Keepers’ Magazine (A. J. King) 3 00 2 60 - Bee-Keepers’ Exchange (J. H. Nellis) 2 75 2 50 - The 4 above-named papers 4 75 3 75 - Bee-Keepers’ Instructor (W. Thomas) 2 50 2 35 - Bee-Keepers’ Guide (A. G. Hill) 2 50 2 35 - The 6 above-named papers 5 75 5 00 - Prof. Cook’s Manual (bound in cloth) 3 25 3 00 - Bee-Culture (T. G. Newman) 2 40 2 25 - - For Semi-monthly Bee Journal, $1.00 less. - For Monthly Bee Journal, $1.50 less. - - - - -Honey and Beeswax Market. - -BUYERS’ QUOTATIONS. - - -CHICAGO. - -HONEY.—The market is plentifully supplied with honey, and sales are -slow at weak, easy prices. Quotable at 18@20c. for strictly choice -white comb in 1 and 2 lb. boxes; at 14@16c. for fair to good in large -packages, and at 10@12c. for common dark-colored and broken lots. -Extracted, 8@10c. - -BEESWAX.—Choice yellow, 20@23c.; dark, 15@17. - - -NEW YORK. - -HONEY.—Best white comb honey, small neat packages, 14@16c.; fair do., -14@16c.; dark do., 11@12; large boxes sell for about 2c. under above. -White extracted, 9@10c.; dark, 7@8c.; southern strained, 80@85c. - -BEESWAX.—Prime quality, 20@23c. - - -CINCINNATI. - -HONEY.—The market for extracted clover honey is good, at 8@10c. Comb -honey is of slow sale at 16c. for the best. - -BEESWAX.—18@22c. - - C. F. MUTH. - - -SAN FRANCISCO. - -HONEY.—The “Vigilant” takes 600 cases to Liverpool. There is a -slightly improved feeling consequent upon a little more inquiry, -but prices show no material appreciation. Discouraging reports are -received from the southern part of the State, as to the prospects of -the coming crop, but other sections give promise of an abundant yield. -With a good supply yet on the market, prices are not apt to be buoyant -until the anticipated failure is more fully settled. We quote white -comb, 12@13c.; dark to good, 9@11c. Extracted, choice to extra white, -5½@6½c.; dark and candied, 5@5½c. - -BEESWAX.—22@22½c., as to color. - - STEARNS & SMITH, 423 Front Street. - - San Francisco, Cal., March 11, 1881. - - - - -SPECIAL NOTICES. - - -☞ Constitutions and By-Laws for local Associations $2 per 100. The name -of the Association printed in the blanks for 50 cents extra. - - * * * * * - -☞ “What is the meaning of ‘Dec. 81’ after my name on the -direction-label of my paper?” This question has been asked by several, -and to save answering each one, let us here say: It means that you have -paid for the full year, or until “Dec. 31, 1881.” “June 81” means that -the first half of the year is paid for, up to “July 1st.” Any other -month, the same. - - * * * * * - -☞ We will send sample copies to any who feel disposed to make up clubs -for 1881. There are persons keeping bees in every neighborhood who -would be benefited by reading the JOURNAL, and by using a little of the -personal influence possessed by almost every one, a club can be gotten -up in every neighborhood in America. Farmers have had large crops, high -prices, and a good demand for all the products of the farm, therefore -can well afford to add the BEE JOURNAL to their list of papers for 1881. - - * * * * * - -HUNDREDS OF MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN rescued from beds of pain, sickness -and almost death and made strong and hearty by Parker’s Ginger Tonic -are the best evidences in the world of its sterling worth. You can find -these in every community.—POST. See advertisement. 9w4t - - * * * * * - -☞ When changing a post-office address, mention the _old_ address as well -as the new one. - - * * * * * - -☞ We have prepared Ribbon Badges for bee-keepers, on which are printed -a large bee in gold. Price 10 cents each, or $8.00 per hundred. - - * * * * * - -☞ The Volume of the BEE JOURNAL for 1880, bound in stiff paper covers, -will be sent by mail, for $1.50. - - * * * * * - -☞ Notices and advertisements intended for the Weekly BEE JOURNAL must -reach this office by Friday of the week previous. - - * * * * * - -☞ Instead of sending silver money in letters, procure 1, 2 or 3 cent -stamps. We can use them, and it is safer to send such than silver. - - * * * * * - -LADIES WHO APPRECIATE ELEGANCE and purity are using Parker’s Hair -Balsam. It is the best article sold for restoring gray hair to its -original color and beauty. - - * * * * * - -☞ The date following the name on the wrapper label of this paper -indicates the time to which you have paid. In making remittances, -_always_ send by postal order, registered letter, or by draft on -Chicago or New York. Drafts on other cities, and local checks, are not -taken by the banks in this city except at a discount of 25c., to pay -expense of collecting them. - - * * * * * - -PREMIUMS.—For a club of 2, _weekly_ we will give a copy of -“Bee-Culture;” for a club of 5, _weekly_, we will give a copy of -“Cook’s Manual,” bound in cloth; for a club of 6, we give a copy of the -JOURNAL for a year _free_. Do not forget that it will pay to devote a -few hours to the BEE JOURNAL. - - * * * * * - -☞ Sample copies of the Weekly BEE JOURNAL will be sent _free_ to any -names that may be sent in. Any one intending to get up a club can have -sample copies sent to the persons they desire to interview, by sending -the names to this office. - - * * * * * - -☞ Any one desiring to get a copy of the Constitution and By-Laws of -the National Society, can do so by sending a stamp to this office to -pay postage. If they desire to become members, a fee of $1.00 should -accompany it, and the name will be duly recorded. This notice is given -at the request of the Executive Committee. - - * * * * * - -☞ It would save us much trouble, if all would be particular to give -their P.O. address and name, when writing to this office. We have -several letters (some inclosing money) that have no name. Many others -having no Post-office, County or State. Also, if you live near one -post-office and get your mail at another, be sure to give the address we -have on our list. - - * * * * * - -☞ At the Chicago meeting of the National Society we were requested to -get photographs of the leading apiarists, to sell to those who wanted -them. We can now supply the following at 25 cents each: Dzierzon, the -Baron of Berlepsch, and Langstroth. The likeness of Mr. Langstroth we -have copied, is one furnished by his daughter, who says, “it is the -only one ever taken when he was in good health and spirits.” We are -glad to be able to secure one of such a satisfactory nature. - - * * * * * - -☞ We have filled orders for quite a number of Binders for the Weekly -BEE JOURNAL. We put the price low, 30 per cent. less than any one else -could afford to sell them, for we get them by the quantity at wholesale -and sell them at just enough to cover the cost and postage, the latter -being 21 to 23 cents, on each. We do this to induce as many as possible -to get them, and preserve their Weekly numbers. They are exceedingly -convenient; the JOURNAL being always bound and handy for reference. The -directions for binding are sent with each one. - - * * * * * - -[Illustration: GREGORY’S SEED CATALOGUE.] - -=My Annual Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seed for 1881=, rich in -engravings from photographs of the originals, will be sent FREE to all -who apply. My old customers need not write for it. I offer one of the -largest collections of vegetable seed ever sent out by any Seed House -in America, a large portion of which were grown on my six seed farms. -_Full directions for cultivation on each package._ All seed _warranted -to be both fresh and true to name_, so far, that should it prove -otherwise, _I will refill the order gratis_. The original introducer of -the Hubbard Squash, Phinney’s Melon, Marblehead Cabbages, Mexican Corn, -and scores of other vegetables. I invite the patronage of _all who are -anxious to have their seed directly from the grower, fresh, true, and -of the very best strain_. - -NEW VEGETABLES A SPECIALTY. - -12m5 JAMES J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass. - - * * * * * - -Valuable Book - -Of Over a Thousand Pages. - -_The Crowning Culmination!_ _A $5 Book for_ =$2.50=!! - -=MOORE’S UNIVERSAL ASSISTANT=, - -[Illustration] - -_And Complete Mechanic,_ - -[Illustration] - -Enlarged Edition, contains over =1,000,000= Industrial Facts, -Calculations, Processes, Trade Secrets, Legal Items, Business Forms, -etc., of vast utility to every Mechanic, Farmer, and Business Man. -Gives 200,000 items for Gas, Steam, Civil and Mining Engineers, -Machinists, Millers, Blacksmiths, Founders, Miners, Metallurgists, -Assayers, Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, Bronzers, Gilders, Metal -and Wood Workers of every kind, Builders, Manuf’r’s and Mechanics. -500 ENGRAVINGS of Mill, Steam, and Mining Machinery, Tools, Sheet -Metal Work, Mechanical Movements, Plans of Mills, Roofs, Bridges, etc. -Arrangement and Speed of Wheels, Pulleys, Drums, Belts, Saws, Boring, -Turning, Planing, & Drilling Tools, Flour, Oatmeal, Saw, Shingle -Paper, Cotton, Woolen & Fulling Mill Machinery, Sugar, Oil, Marble, -Threshing & Rolling Mill, do., Cotton Gins, Presses, &c. Strength -of Teeth, Shafting, Belting Friction, Lathe Gearing, Screw Cutting, -Finishing Engine Building, Repairing and Operating, Setting of Valves, -Eccentrics, Link & Valve Motion, Steam Packing, Pipe & Boiler Covering, -Scale Preventives, Steam Heating, Ventilation, Gas & Water Works, -Hydraulics, Mill Dams, Horse Power of Streams, etc. On Blast Furnaces, -Iron & Steel Manufacture, Prospecting and Exploring for Minerals, -Quartz and Placer Mining, Assaying, Amalgamating, etc. 461 TABLES with -500,000 Calculations in all possible forms for Mechanics, Merchants -and Farmers, 800 items for Printers, Publishers and Writers for the -Press. 1,000 items for Grocers, Confectioners, Physicians, Druggists, -etc. 300 Health items. 500 do. for Painters, Varnishers, Gilders, etc. -500 do. for Watchmakers & Jewelers. 400 do. for Hunters, Trappers, -Tanners, Leather & Rubber Work. Navigation, Telegraphy, Photography, -Book-keeping, etc., in detail. Strength of Materials, Effects of Heat, -Fuel Values, Specific Gravities, Freights by rail and water—a Car -Load, Stowage in Ships, Power of Steam, Water, Wind, Shrinkage of -Castings, etc. 10,000 items for Housekeepers, Farmers, Gardeners, Stock -Owners, Bee-keepers, Lumbermen, etc. Fertilizers, full details, Rural -Economy, Food Values, Care of Stock. Remedies for do., to increase -Crops, Pest Poisons, Training Horses, Steam Power on Farms. LIGHTNING -CALCULATOR for Cubic Measures, Ready Reckoner, Produce, Rent, Board, -Wages, Interest, Coal & Tonnage Tables. Land, Grain, Hay, & Cattle -Measurement. Seed, Ploughing, Planting & Breeding Tables, Contents of -Granaries, Cribs. Tanks, Cisterns, Boilers, Logs, Boards, Scantling, -etc., _at sight_. Business Forms, all kinds, Special Laws of 49 States, -Territories and Provinces (in the U.S. and Canada), relating to the -Coll. of Debts, Exemptions from Forced Sale, Mechanics’ Lien, the -Jurisdiction of Courts, Sale of Real Estate, Rights of Married Women, -Interest and Usury Laws, Limitation of Actions, etc. - - “Forms complete treatises on the different subjects.”—_Sci. - Am._ - -The work contains 1,016 pages, is a veritable Treasury of Useful -Knowledge, and worth its weight in gold to any Mechanic, Business Man, -or Farmer. Free by mail, in fine cloth, for $2.50; in leather, for -$3.50. Address: - -For Sale by - - =THOMAS C. NEWMAN.= - 974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL. - - * * * * * - -“American Apiary” for Sale. - -About =150 Colonies of Bees=, in fair condition, in Langstroth hives; -honey and wax extractors, empty combs, and the usual implements of an -apiary. - -Will sell for cash or trade for land. - - =PAUL DUNKEN=, - Freeman, Cass Co., Mo. - -0eow3t - - * * * * * - -=Agents= Furnisht pleasant, profitable employment. Local Printing -House, Silver Creek, N. Y. - -9y1 - - * * * * * - -=HONEY WANTED.=—I desire to purchase several barrels of dark extracted -honey, and a few of light; also Comb Honey. Those having any for sale -are invited to correspond, giving particulars. - - =ALFRED H. NEWMAN= - 972 West Madison street, CHICAGO ILL. - - * * * * * - -THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL, AND BEE-KEEPER’S ADVISER. - -The _British Bee Journal_ is published monthly at $1.75, and contains -the best practical information for the time being, showing what to do, -and when and how to do it. =C. N. ABBOTT=, Bee Master, - -School of Apiculture, Fairlawn, Southall, London. - - * * * * * - -SEEDS FOR HONEY PLANTS - -A full variety of all kinds, including Melilot, Alsike and White -Clover, Mammoth Mignonette, &c. For prices and instructions for -planting, see my Illustrated Catalogue,—sent free upon application. - - =ALFRED H. NEWMAN=, - 972 West Madison St., Chicago, Ill. - - - - -Books for Bee-Keepers. - - -=Cook’s Manual of the Apiary.=—Entirely rewritten, greatly enlarged -and elegantly illustrated, and is fully up with the times on every -conceivable subject that interests the apiarist. It is not only -instructive, but intensely interesting and thoroughly practical. The -book is a masterly production, and one that no bee-keeper, however -limited his means, can afford to do without. Cloth, =$1.25=; paper -covers, =$1.00=, postpaid. Per dozen, by express, cloth, $12.; paper, -$9.50. - -=Quinby’s New Bee-Keeping=, by L. C. Root.—The author has treated the -subject of bee-keeping in a manner that cannot fail to interest all. -Its style is plain and forcible, making all its readers sensible of -the fact that the author is really the master of the subject. Price, -=$1.50=. - -=Novice’s A B C of Bee-Culture=, by A. I. Root. This embraces -“everything pertaining to the care of the honey bee,” and is valuable -to beginners and those more advanced. Cloth, =$1.25=; paper, =$1.00=. - -=King’s Bee-Keepers’ Text-Book=, by A. J. King.—This edition is -revised and brought down to the present time. Cloth, =$1.00=; paper, -=75c.= - -=Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee.= This is a standard scientific -work. Price, =$2.00=. - -=Blessed Bees=, by John Allen.—A romance of bee-keeping, full of -practical information and contagious enthusiasm. Cloth, =$1.00=. - -=Bee-Culture; or Successful Management of the Apiary=, by -Thomas G. Newman.—This pamphlet embraces the following -subjects: The Location of the Apiary—Honey Plants—Queen -Rearing—Feeding—Swarming—Dividing—Transferring—Italianizing -—Introducing Queens—Extracting—Quieting and Handling Bees—The Newest -Method of Preparing Honey for Market, etc. It is published in =English= -and =German=. Price for either edition, =40 cents=, postpaid, or $3.00 -per dozen. - -=Food Adulteration=; What we eat and should not eat. This book should -be in every family, where it ought to create a sentiment against the -adulteration of food products, and demand a law to protect consumers -against the many health-destroying adulterations offered as food. 200 -pages. Paper, =50c.= - -=The Dzierzon Theory=;—presents the fundamental principles of -bee-culture, and furnishes a condensed statement of the facts and -arguments by which they are demonstrated. Price, =15 cents=. - -=Honey, as Food and Medicine=, by Thomas G. Newman.—This is a pamphlet -of 24 pages, discoursing upon the Ancient History of Bees and Honey; -the nature, quality, sources, and preparation of Honey for the Market; -Honey as an article of food, giving recipes for making Honey Cakes, -Cookies, Puddings, Foam, Wines, &c.; and Honey as Medicine, followed -by many useful Recipes. It is intended for consumers, and should -be scattered by thousands all over the country, and thus assist in -creating a demand for honey. Published in =English= and =German=. Price -for either edition, =6c.=; per dozen, =50c.= - -=Wintering Bees.=—This pamphlet contains all the Prize Essays on this -important subject that were read before the Centennial Bee-Keepers’ -Association. The Prize—$25 in gold—was awarded to Prof. Cook’s Essay, -which is given in full. Price, =10c.= - -=The Hive I Use.=—Being a description of the hive used by G. M. -Doolittle. Price, =5c.= - -=Extracted Honey; Harvesting, Handling and Marketing.=—A 24–page -pamphlet, by Ch. & C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, Ill. This gives in detail -the methods and management adopted in their apiary. It contains many -good and useful hints, and is well worth the price—=15c.= - -=Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers=, by Chas. F. Muth, Cincinnati, Ohio; -32 pages. This pamphlet gives Mr. Muth’s views on the management of -bees, and embraces several of his essays given at Conventions, etc. It -will be read with interest by beginners as well as those more advanced -in the science of bee-culture. Price, =10c.= - -=Kendall’s Horse Book.=—No book can be more useful to horse owners. It -has 35 engravings, illustrating positions of sick horses, and treats -all diseases in a plain and comprehensive manner. It has a large number -of good recipes, a table of doses, and much other valuable horse -information. Paper, =25c.= - -=Chicken Cholera=, by A. J. Hill.—A treatise on its cause, symptoms -and cure. Price, =25c.= - -=Moore’s Universal Assistant= contains information on every conceivable -subject, as well as receipts for almost everything that could be -desired. We doubt if any one could be induced to do without it, after -having spent a few hours in looking it through. It contains 480 pages, -and 500 engravings. Cloth, =$2.50=. - -=Ropp’s Easy Calculator.=—These are handy tables for all kinds of -merchandise and interest. It is really a lightning calculator, nicely -bound, with slate and pocket for papers. In cloth, =$1.00=; Morocco, -=$1.50=. Cheap edition, without slate, =50c.= - -☞ Sent by mail on receipt of price, by - - =THOMAS G. NEWMAN=, - 974 West Madison Street, Chicago. Ill. - - - - -Binders for the Bee Journal - - -[Illustration: - - EMERSON’S PAT. BINDER - FOR MUSIC & PERIODICALS -] - -☞ =Binders for the Weekly Bee Journal, of 1881=, cloth and paper, -=postpaid, 85 cents=. - -We can furnish Emerson’s Binders, gilt lettered on the back, for -AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL for =1890=, at the following prices, postage paid: - - Cloth and paper, each 50c. - Leather and cloth 75c. - -☞ We can also furnish the Binder for any Paper or Magazine desired. - - =THOMAS G. NEWMAN=, - 974 West Madison Street, =Chicago, Ill.= - - - - -[Illustration: - - OLDEST BEE PAPER ESTABLISHED - IN AMERICA IN 1861 - - THE AMERICAN - BEE JOURNAL -] - - -RATES FOR ADVERTISING. - -A line will contain about =eight words=; fourteen lines will occupy one -inch of space. - - One to three weeks, each insertion, =20=cts. per line. - Four " or more " " =18= " " - Eight " " " " =15= " " - Thirteen " " " " =12= " " - Twenty-six " " " " =10= " " - Fifty-two " " " " =8= " " - Special Notices, 50 cents per line. - -Advertisements withdrawn before the expiration of the contract, will be -charged the full rate for the time the advertisement is inserted. - -Transient Advertisements payable in advance.—Yearly Contracts payable -quarterly, in advance. - -THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL is the oldest Bee Paper in America, and has -a large circulation in every State, Territory and Province, among -farmers, mechanics, professional and business men, and is, therefore -the best advertising medium for reliable dealers. Cases of _real_ -imposition will be exposed. - - THOMAS G. NEWMAN, - 974 West Madison Street, =Chicago, Ill.= - -Contents of this Number. - - - Correspondence: - - What is the Royal Jelly? 89 - Putting Wires into Comb Foundation 90 - Importing Bees from Italy 90 - Bees and Grapes 90 - The Use of Separators for Box Honey 90 - Texas for Bees and Honey 90 - Alsike Clover as a Honey Plant 91 - The Supply and Queen Trade 91 - Who is to Blame for the Losses? 91 - - - Editorial: - - Editorial Items 92 - Frank Benton In the Far East 92 - Circulars and Price Lists 92 - An Excellent Suggestion 92 - - - Among our Exchanges: - - Bees and Grapes 92 - Bees Dead in Box Hives 92 - Honey for Sore Eyes 92 - Feeding In Winter 92 - Bees and Grapes 92 - Feeding Rye-Meal 92 - The Weekly Bee Journal Abroad 92 - - - Selections from Our Letter Box: - - But few Bees Lost 93 - An Old Queen 93 - Gathering Pollen 93 - No Winter Flight Yet 93 - Bees Confined 4½ Months 93 - Closed Out by Fire 93 - Bees In Good Condition 93 - Lost 8 out of 37 in Wintering 93 - Sweet Clover 93 - Had a Flight in January 93 - Nearly all Dead 93 - Bokhara Clover 93 - An Enthusiast 93 - Bees all Dead 93 - Bees Robbing 93 - Chloroform Used in Handling Bees 93 - Test for Honey 93 - Three-fourths of the Bees Dead 93 - Mortality of Bees in House and Cellar 93 - Bees Doing Well 94 - Dwindling in the Cellar 94 - Contradictory Experience 94 - Wintered Without Loss 94 - Bees Uneasy in the Cellar 94 - Much Better than Expected 94 - Have Young Bees and Brood 94 - Bees In the Cellar 135 Days 94 - The Best Honey for Winter 94 - Carrying in Pollen 94 - Chaff-Packing of Bees Triumphant 94 - Look Out for the Robbers 94 - Two-thirds of the Bees have Died 94 - Bees in Good Condition 94 - Death Reigns among the Bees 94 - No Loss in Wintering 94 - Poor Season but Fair Profit 94 - Planting Buckwheat for a Honey Yield 94 - - * * * * * - -☞ We can supply but a few more of the back numbers to new subscribers. -If any want them, they must be sent for soon. - - * * * * * - -☞ The Texas Bee-Keepers’ Association will hold their third annual -Convention at Judge W. H. Andrews’ apiary, in McKinney, Collin Co., -Texas, on the 12th and 13th days of May, 1881. - - WM. R. HOWARD, _Sec._, - Kingston, Hunt Co., Texas. - - * * * * * - -DON’T BUY SUPPLIES - -Till you have read my new price list for the spring trade. Wax is -cheaper now, so I can sell you a fine article of Comb Foundation cheap, -and made on the best machine. Italian and Cyprian Queens, Bees, Hives, -Sections, etc. Price List free to all. - - J. V. CALDWELL, - Cambridge, Henry Co., Ill. - - 12w6m - - * * * * * - -The Bee-Keepers Guide; - -OR, - -MANUAL OF THE APIARY, - -By A. J. COOK, - -_Professor of Entomology in the Michigan State Agricultural College._ - -286 Pages; 112 Fine Illustrations. - -PRICE—Bound in cloth, =$1.25=; in paper cover, =$1.00=, by mail -prepaid. For sale by - - THOMAS G. NEWMAN, - 974 West Madison Street, Chicago, Ill. - - * * * * * - -NOW READY, - -Our =New Circular and Price List for 1881=. We have something new -for every bee-keeper. Remember, we are largely engaged in practical -bee-keeping, and know what supplies are of practical value in an -apiary. You should see a description of our feeder, you will want one. -Our new - -Double-Draft Smoker is perfection. See what one of the most practical -and best informed bee-keepers in the country thinks of it: “Since -your great improvement in Smokers, as regards the double-blast, you -undoubtedly have the inside track of all the others in the market. -This, with the superior workmanship and materials used, should place -your Smoker at the head of the list, and secure for it a favorable -patronage for 1881.” Price of Smokers, by mail, $1.50 and $1.75. Our -book, - -QUINBY’S NEW BEE-KEEPING is pronounced the most practical work -published. Price, by mail, $1.50. - -We furnish everything used in advanced bee-culture. Send for -Illustrated Circular to - - L C. ROOT & BRO., - Mohawk, N. Y. - - 12smtf - - * * * * * - -Free to All. - -I will send free to any address a sample of the =BEST FOUNDATION= made -for brood frames, also sample of =THIN FOUNDATION=, for sections, which -can be used the full size of the section, and yet will not leave any -“fishbone” in the comb honey. You can get nice straight combs without -tin separators. Circular, describing how foundation is made and giving -prices of apiarian supplies, free. Address, =J. A. OSBORNE=, Rantoul, -Ill. - - 12w1tp - - * * * * * - -BEES FOR SALE, - -In Simplicity and Everett-Langstroth hives. My bees are perfectly -healthy in every respect—most of them good, strong colonies. Address, - - J. P. HOLLOWAY, - Monclova, Lucas County, Ohio. - - 12w1t - - * * * * * - -=ITALIANS AND HYBRIDS=—30 or 40 Colonies for sale now. Queens and -Nuclei after May 15th. Address, - - R. M. ARGO, - Lowell, Garrard County, Ky. - - 12w3t - - * * * * * - -=WANTED=—You to send for our Circular and Price list of -=American-Italians=. Address, - - JOS. M. BROOKS & BRO., - Columbus, Ind. - - 12w6m - - * * * * * - -FLAT-BOTTOM COMB FOUNDATION, - -[Illustration] - -high side-walls, 4 to 16 square feet to the pound. Circular and samples -free. - - J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, - Sole Manufacturers, - Sprout Brook, Mont. Co., N. Y. - - 11tf - - * * * * * - -=BASSWOOD AND TULIP TREES=, from 1 to 8 feet in height, nursery grown. -The 2 best HONEY PRODUCING TREES KNOWN, at low prices. - - A. BATTLES, Girard, Pa. - - 10w4t - - * * * * * - -BARNES’ PATENT - -Foot-Power Machinery - - CIRCULAR and - SCROLL SAWS - -[Illustration] - -Hand, Circular Rip Saws for general heavy and light ripping. Lathes, -&c. These machines are especially adapted to =Hive Making=. It will pay -every bee-keeper to send for our 48 page Illustrated Catalogue. - - W. F. & JOHN BARNES - Rockford, Winnebago Co., Ill. - - * * * * * - -[Illustration: WILBOR’S COMPOUND OF PURE COD-LIVER OIL AND LIME.] - -=Wilbor’s Cod-Liver Oil and Lime.=—Persons who have been taking -Cod-Liver Oil will be pleased to learn that Dr. Wilbor has succeeded, -from directions of several Professional gentlemen, in combining the -pure Oil and Lime in such a manner that it is pleasant to the taste, -and its effects in Lung complaints are truly wonderful. Very many -persons whose cases were pronounced hopeless, and who had taken the -clear Oil torn long-time without marked effect, have been entirely -cured by using this preparation. Be sure and get the genuine. -Manufactured only by A. B. WILBOR, Chemist, Boston. Sold by all -druggists. - - 11w4t - - * * * * * - - THE CANADIAN FARMER - THE ONLY - Agricultural Weekly - PUBLISHED IN THE - DOMINION OF CANADA. - -This practical journal is now in its =Third Year=, and meeting with -immense success. The low price of its subscription ($1.00 per year) in -its new and improved form (16 pages 13½ x 10½, folded and pasted) -makes it very popular. Its editors are all practical men. It is the -=Best Advertising Medium= in Canada. Sample copies sent free to any -address. - - =N. B. COLCOCK=, Welland, Ont. - - 11w26tx - - * * * * * - -[Illustration] - -I HAVE NOW OVER - -300 COLONIES - -of Pure Italian Bees, in good condition, in 10 frame Langstroth hives. -Orders for - -ITALIAN QUEENS, - -Nuclei and Full Colonies, - -are now being booked and will be filled in rotation as received, -commencing about June 1st., at the following prices: - - Tested Queens, each $2 50 - " " per half-dozen 13 50 - 1 frame Nucleus, with Tested Queen 5 00 - 2 " " " " " 5 50 - 3 " " " " " 6 00 - 4 " " " " " 6 50 - Full Colonies, each 12 00 - " " in lots of 5, each 10 00 - " " " 10, each 9 00 - -I will use all possible care in preparing the above for shipment, but -cannot guarantee safe arrival, except on queens any distance less than -1,000 miles. - - ALSO - 100 COLONIES - OF - BLACK AND HYBRID BEES, - -In Langstroth hives, in quantities of not less than 5 colonies at -=$8.00= each, which I will ship direct from the South. - - ALFRED H. NEWMAN, - - 972 West Madison St., CHICAGO, ILL. - - * * * * * - -THE ORIGINAL - -Patented Jan. 9, 1878, and May, 1879; Re-issued July 9, 1878. - -[Illustration] - -If you buy a Bingham Smoker, or a Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife -you are sure of the best and cheapest, and not liable to prosecution -for their use and sale. The largest bee-keepers use them exclusively. -Twenty thousand in use—not one ever returned, or letter of complaint -received. Our original patent Smokers and Honey Knives were the only -ones on exhibition at the last National Bee-Keepers’ Convention, 1880. -Time sifts the wheat from the chaff. Pretensions are short-lived. - -The Large and Extra Standard have extra wide shields to prevent burning -the fingers and bellows. A real improvement. - -Send postal card for testimonials. - - Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife 2 in., $1 00 - Large Bingham Smoker 2½ " 1 50 - Extra Standard Bingham Smoker 2 " 1 25 - Plain Standard Bingham Smoker 2 " 1 00 - Little Wonder Bingham Smoker 1¾ " 75 - -If to be sent by mail, or singly by express, add 25c. each, to prepay -postage or express charges. - -To sell again, apply for dozen or half-dozen rates. - -Address, - - BINGHAM & HETHERINGTON, - OTSEGO, MICH. - - 9wtf - - * * * * * - -FREE! - -We wish to obtain 25,000 New Subscribers to - -THE FLORAL MONTHLY - -during the next few months, and we propose to give to every reader of -this paper - -50c. worth of Choice Flower Seed. - -Our offer is to send Free of Cost, 50 cents’ worth of Choice Flower -Seeds to each and every one who will send us 25 two cent postage stamps -for the =FLORAL MONTHLY= one year. Seeds sent free by return mail. -Specimen copies free. Address, - - W. E. MORTON & CO., FLORISTS, - 615 Congress Street, Portland, Me. - -☞ Natural Flowers preserved to last for years. - - 9w4t - - * * * * * - -It will Pay you - -To read our forty page Catalogue of Apiarian Supplies. It gives the -latest information about the best appliances and methods pertaining to - -Profitable Bee Culture - -Sent free to all who send us their names and addresses, _plainly -written_, upon a postal card. Address - - H. A. BURCH & CO., - South Haven, Mich. - - 9wtf. - - * * * * * - -R. A. BURNETT. - - Successor to Conner, Burnett & Co., - 165 South Water Street, Chicago, Ill., - -GENERAL PRODUCE COMMISSION, - -HONEY A SPECIALTY. - -We ask you to correspond with us before disposing of your HONEY CROP, -as we can be of much service, having constant intelligence from all -parts of the country. We would refer to JAMES HEDDON, Dowagiac, Mich., -and J. OATMAN & SONS, Dundee, Ill. - - 1w1y - - * * * * * - -[Illustration: - - GOOD WORK - AT FAIR PRICES. - - HALLOCK & CHANDLER - WOOD ENGRAVERS - & Electrotypers - - 167 DEARBORN ST. - CHICAGO -] - - 1w1y - - * * * * * - - REV. A. SALISBURY. =1881.= J. V. CALDWELL. - - SALISBURY & CALDWELL, - Camargo, Douglas County. Ill. - -[Illustration] - -Warranted Italian Queens, $1.00; Tested Italian Queens, $2.00; Cyprian -Queens, $2.00; Tested Cyprian Queens, $4.00; 1 frame Nucleus, Italians, -$4.00; 1 frame Nucleus, Cyprians, $5.00; Colony of Italians, 8 frames, -$5.00; Colony of Cyprians, 8 frames, $10.00. Wax worked 10c. per lb. -Pure Comb Foundation, on Dunham Machine, 25 lbs. or over, 35c. per lb. -☞ Send for Circular. - - 1w1y - - * * * * * - -Florida Land—640 Acres. - -☞ CHEAP FOR CASH. ☜ - -DESCRIPTION.—Sec. 4, township 7, south range 7 west, Franklin county, -Florida, situated about 50 miles south of the Georgia line, 25 miles -west of the city of Tallahasse, the capital of the State, and about 25 -miles northeast of the city of Apalachicola, a seaport on the Gulf of -Mexico, and within 2 sections (5 and 6) of the Apalachicola river; the -soil is a rich, sandy loam, covered with timber. - -It was conveyed on Dec. 31st. 1875, by Col. Alexander McDonald, who -owned 6 sections, including the above, to J. M. Murphy, for $3,200, and -on Sept. 5th. 1877, by him conveyed to the undersigned for $3,000. The -title is perfect, and it is unincumbered, as shown by an abstract from -the Records of the county, duly attested by the County Clerk; the taxes -are all paid and the receipts are in my possession. - -I will sell the above at a bargain for cash, or trade for a small farm, -or other desirable property. An offer for it is respectfully solicited. -Address, - - THOMAS G. NEWMAN, - 974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL. - - * * * * * - -Given’s Foundation Press. - -The latest improvement in Foundation. Our thin and common Foundation -is not surpassed. The only invention to make Foundation in the wired -frame. All Presses warranted to give satisfaction. Send for Catalogue -and Samples. - - =D. S. GIVEN=, Hoopeston, Ill. - - 1w1y - - * * * * * - -PARKER’S GINGER TONIC - -=Ginger=, =Buchu=, =Mandrake=, =Stillingia= and many other of the best -medicines known are combined so skillfully in PARKER’S GINGER TONIC -as to make it the =greatest Blood Purifier= and the =Best Health and -Strength Restorer ever used=. - -It cures =Dyspepsia=, =Rheumatism=, =Neuralgia=, =Sleeplessness=, and -all diseases of the =Stomach=, =Bowels=, =Lungs=, =Liver=, =Kidneys=, -=Urinary Organs= and all =Female Complaints=. - -If you are wasting away with Consumption or any disease, use the TONIC -to-day. No matter what your symptoms may be, it will surely help you. - -Remember! This TONIC cures drunkenness, is the =Best Family Medicine= -ever made, entirely different from Bitters, Ginger Preparations and -other Tonics, and combines the best curative properties of all. Buy a -50c. bottle of your druggist. None genuine without our signature on -outside wrapper. - - HISCOX & CO., Chemists, New York. - -=PARKER’S HAIR BALSAM= The best and most economical Hair Dressing - - * * * * * - -=65= _ENGRAVINGS_. - -The Horse - -BY B. J. KENDALL, M. D. - -=A TREATISE= giving an index of diseases, and the symptoms; cause and -treatment of each, a table giving all the principal drugs used for the -horse, with the ordinary dose, effects and antidote when a poison; -a table with an engraving of the horse’s teeth at different ages, -with rules for telling the age of the horse; a valuable collection of -recipes, and much valuable information. - -=Price 25 cents.=—Sent on receipt of price, by - - THOMAS G. NEWMAN, - 974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL. - - * * * * * - -=ITALIAN QUEENS=, Full Colonies, Nuclei and Bee Hives specialties. Our -=new= Illustrated Catalogue of Bees, Supplies, Fine Poultry, Small -Fruits, &c., =Free=. ☞ Send for it and save money. J. T. SCOTT & BRO., -Crawfish Springs, Ga. - - 2w32tx - - -[Illustration: - - THE AMERICAN - POULTRY JOURNAL. -] - -Is a 32–page beautifully Illustrated Monthly Magazine devoted to - -POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK. - -It has the largest corps of practical breeders as editors of any -journal of its class in America, and is - -THE FINEST POULTRY JOURNAL IN THE WORLD. - -Volume 12 begins January 1881. SUBSCRIPTION:— $1.00 per year. Specimen -Copy, 10 cents. - - C. J. WARD, Editor and Proprietor. - 182 CLARK ST., CHICAGO. - - * * * * * - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES. - -1. Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text - by =equal signs=. - -2. =ITALIANS AND HYBRIDS= “—30 or 40 Colonies for sale low.” - “low” changed to “now”. - -3. Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors have been - silently corrected. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Bee Journal, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL *** - -***** This file should be named 61056-0.txt or 61056-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/1/0/5/61056/ - -Produced by Brian Wilsden and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The American Bee Journal - Vol. XVII, No. 12, Mar. 23, 1881 - -Author: Various - -Editor: Thomas G. Newman - -Release Date: December 30, 2019 [EBook #61056] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Wilsden and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="cover" /> -</div> - -<div class="covernote"> -<p class="center">The cover image has been created by the -transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89"></a>[89]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i001.png" width="500" height="127" alt="" /> - -<h1>THE AMERICAN <br />BEE JOURNAL<br /><br /></h1> - -<p class="center">OLDEST BEE PAPER<br /> -IN AMERICA<br /><br />ESTABLISHED<br />IN 1861</p> - -</div> - -<p class="center">Published every Wednesday, by</p> - -<p class="center large"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</b></p> -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Editor and Proprietor</span>,</p> - -<p class="center large"><b>974 WEST MADISON ST., CHICAGO, ILL.</b></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<h2>TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:</h2> - -<blockquote> -<p>WEEKLY—(52 numbers) <b>$2.00</b> a year, in advance. -Three or Six Months at the same rate.</p> - -<p>SEMI-MONTHLY—The first and third numbers of -each month, at <b>$1.00</b> a year, in advance.</p> - -<p>MONTHLY—The first number of each month, at -<b>50 cents</b> a year, in advance.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<blockquote> -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Any person sending a Club of -six is entitled, to an extra copy (like the club) which may be sent -to any address desired. Sample copies furnished <i>free</i>.</p> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Remit by money-order, -registered letter, express or bank draft on Chicago or New York, -payable to our order. Such <i>only</i> are at our risk. Checks on -local banks cost us 25 cents for collecting.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<blockquote> -<p class="center"> -Free of postage in the United States or Canada.<br /> -<b>Postage to Europe 50 cents extra.</b></p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<blockquote> -<p class="center"><i>Entered at Chicago post-office as second -class matter.</i></p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i002.png" width="400" height="176" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h2>CORRESPONDENCE.</h2> - -<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal</p> - -<h3><a name="What_is_the_Royal_Jelly" id="What_is_the_Royal_Jelly"></a> -What is the Royal Jelly?</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">C. J. ROBINSON.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>I propose, by permission, to discuss -in the columns of the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> -the hitherto puzzling problem: “What -is royal jelly, that substance known -to produce the transformation of worker -larvæ to queens?” Profound scientists of -Europe and this country have delved -into the secrets of the grand problem, -but none of them have handed down a -satisfactory solution. Yet, it does not -seem rational that the question is so obstruse -as to forever remain past finding -out what the so-called royal jelly consists -of; the source from which it is derived; -its definite action on larvæ; -and whether it is administered by the -workers as a nourishing aliment to larvæ; -in royal cells, or for the purpose of impregnating -the larvæ; (as pistilliferous -flowers are impregnated with pollen) -and thus develop a female bee fully -qualified to reproduce males. The settled -doctrine of writers on bee-matters -is that it is chiefly due to the excess of -food served to the larva by the workers -that produces the transformation from -worker to queen. Still no writer has -ventured to assert that such is a demonstrated -fact. The late Baron of Berlepsch, -the able expounder of the Dzierzon -Theory, and the most scientific and -practical apicultural writer and experienced -apiarist in all Europe, wrote -thus:</p> - -<p>“Every hypothesis, however, yet submitted -from any quarter, rest chiefly -upon the assumption that the development -(of fertile workers and queens) -has by some means been over-stimulated -for a brief period, and as the result -affects the sexual organs more especially, -the quantity and quality of the -food administered has been looked to as -the exciting cause.”</p> - -<p>If his assumption be admitted then -individual female bees are very likely -to be reproduced imperfectly developed -in all the degrees between a rudimentary -fertile worker up to a perfect -queen. Furthermore, were it true that -development depends on quantity of -food or the over-stimulating caused by -high feeding, the workers would be able -to supply themselves with queens at all -times; when on the contrary it is well -known that workers cannot always perfect -queens when furnished with everything -necessary for that purpose except -the impregnating principle—semen.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i003.png" width="200" height="363" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><span class="smcap">Eggs and Larva.</span> -</div> -</div> - -<blockquote> -<p>A full knowledge of the reproduction of the honey bee is of great -importance, and at the very foundation of the science of bee-culture -and of great value to those who intend to breed the superior races of -bees, especially the principles of hybridizing so as to prevent their -deterioration and improve the breeds. And it is of great moment to -the science of entomology to determine whether insects are produced -by parthenogenesis, as is believed, or by semen received by the male -progenitors. As for myself, I have conclusive evidence that such queens -as are reproduced by furnishing a colony of black bees with eggs laid -by an Italian queen, is in some degree hybridized.</p> - -<p>All of the points in the “Dzierzon Theory” have been demonstrated -except his theory of the reproduction of bees, particularly drones and -queens. It seems that he was sorely puzzled in his profound research -to comprehend the laws involved in the strange phenomena—virgin -queens reproducing male bees—and to dispose of the (to him) -inexplicable point in his colossal theory, he jumped at a conclusion -which was based upon the hypothetical doctrine advanced by Professors -Von Seibold, Leuckart, and Dr. Donhoff, the fathers of the theory -called “Parthenogenesis,” that is procreating without male sperm. It -was during the period that Dr. Dzierzon was making public his theory -that Mr. Elihu Kirby, of Henrietta, N. Y., attempted to make known the -result of his long-time and attentive research into the principles of -reproduction of the different races of honey bees. He was a scientific -apiarist of long experience, -and enthusiastic in the cause of -progressive bee-culture. Not until 1861 -was there published or circulated in -this country a periodical devoted to bee -affairs and scarcely no attention was given -to scientific bee-culture at that time. -Mr. K. communicated to the <span class="smcap">American -Bee Journal</span> at different times just -after its advent, the discoveries he had -made relative to the reproduction of -bees, but not much attention was given -it further than a brief notice by the editor, -the lamented Samuel Wagner, -who, like the great Dzierzon, seemed -not to comprehend the evolution of the -reproduction of insects.</p> - -<p>During the period of 1859–63, Mr. -Kirby was in failing health, and when -in the summer of 1863, he was about to -bid adieu to his long-cherished theme -and go from the altar of home on earth -to a heavenly inheritance, he besought -me to further his designs and he committed -to my charge his new theory of -the reproduction of drones and female -bees. The result of the case thus consigned -to me is as follows, conclusions -that I have come to derive from careful -observations for many seasons, viz., -<i>videlicet</i>.</p> - -<p>To produce drones the workers fecundate -the worker larvæ in royal cells -with drone’s semen, which gives the elements -of queens. The workers supply -the said larva with animal secretion, -water, bee-bread and honey, until it secretes -sufficient material for a queen, -and when the larva arrives at maturity -it is then metamorphosed to an egg -substance, from thence it passes to a -chrysalis state, and in the pupa -state her ovary is formed and impregnated -with semen retained in the larva -state imparting the elements of life. -She then leaves her cell and is prepared -to lay eggs that produce drones only, -without further fecundation, and when -the drones are matured from their natural -genital propensities deposit their -semen in the queen’s spermatheca to -enable her to fecundate her full grown -eggs to produce workers, and also deposit -semen where the workers can obtain -it in the abscence of the drones, to -perfect queens, and for storing it in -their combs, where it retains its vitality -at least from the time that the drones -are expelled until they are reproduced -the following season. It is ascertained -that the drones and queens can be hybridized -by their drone progenitors in -the embryo state, which is conclusive -evidence of their being fecundated with -drones’ semen.</p> - -<p>To produce workers the drones deposit -their sperm in the queen’s spermatheca -while on the wing (and on top, -clasping the drone’s back to herself) -and from thence she fecundates full -grown eggs, as they pass the mouth of -her spermatheca on the way out of her -oviduct, and by the combining of the -elements of the drone and worker in -one, by which the worker is produced. -Thus, there can be no logical reasoning -in saying that the workers are produced -by semen, and the drones and queens -are produced without semen.</p> - -<p>To produce queens the worker fecundates -the worker larvæ in royal cells -with drone’s semen which gives the elements -of the drone, worker and queen, -combined in one, in the larval state; it -secretes in its growth the proper material -for perfect queens, and when the -larva arrives at maturity it is transformed -to an egg-form, and then to a -chrysalis, and in that state her embryo -ovary is formed and impregnates in the -upper points or sacks of her ovary, and -contains the elements of myriads of -drone egg germs before leaving her cell, -and her physiology is changed in her -transition from the chrysalis state to a -perfect queen, and is qualified before -leaving her cell to lay eggs that will -produce drones only. To be fully qualified -to produce workers she must receive -a deposit of semen from the -drone in her spermatheca. If once -filled with semen it is efficacious through -life, and qualifies her to fecundate the -full grown drone eggs as they pass the -mouth of her spermatheca, and causes -them to produce workers, and to lay all -the eggs, both male and female and -workers, that the colony may require. -It is ascertained that the embryo drone, -workers and queen can each be hybridized -in the ovary, egg or larva state, -which is communicated to the whole -production. I think the evidence conclusive -in the reproduction of the queen. -The fertile workers are produced by the -workers taking the drone’s semen into -their stomachs, and from thence it is -transmitted to their embryo ovary, and -fecundates it, which gives the elements -of life to the progeny, and qualifies -them to lay eggs which produce drones -only, unless the eggs are further fecundated -by being brought into contact -with semen. It appears that the young -queen’s ovary on leaving her cell, and -the ovary of the fertile worker when fecundated, are -identical in the production -of drone eggs. Therefore, the evidence -is that semen is the agent in both cases.</p> - -<p>I wish to call attention particularly -to the following points: 1st. The embryo -ovary of young queens must be -fructified before she leaves her cell with -drone’s semen, which gives the elements -of life to her drone progeny, and forms -the basis for the whole progeny of bees. -To produce the 3 sexes of bees there -are 3 distinct fecundations. 1st. The -embryo ovary of the pupa queen to -produce the drones. 2d. The full -grown egg to produce the workers. 3d. -The worker larva is fecundated by the -workers with semen, given off by the -drones to produce the queens. And -all in the larval state the secrete sufficient -material to perfect in their transition -either drones, workers or queens, -and they each can be hybridized in the -embryo state.</p> - -<p>2d. In the reproduction of bees there -are 2 distinct egg forms: 1st. The eggs -that produce the larva. 2d. The larva -when it arrives at maturity is transformed -to an egg substance, of which -it forms the chrysalis that produces the -perfect bees and their sexes.</p> - -<p>3d. It requires 3 states of existence to -perfect the organism of bees. 1st. The -larva. 2d. The chrysalis. 3d. The perfect -bee. The queen first deposits her -eggs in the proper cells or utricals in -which the larva is hatched and supplied -by the workers with animal secretion -and food until their transition to an egg -substance or chrysalis.</p> - -<p>I will propose the following question -for consideration: What is it that is -found in the royal jelly that is possessed -of such impregnating powers as to -cause the ovaries of the workers to produce -drone eggs?</p> - -<div class="topspace2"></div> - -<p class="sig-left2">Richford, N. Y., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90"></a>[Pg 90]</span></p> - -<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p> - -<h3><a name="Putting_Wires_into_Comb_Foundation" id="Putting_Wires_into_Comb_Foundation"></a> -Putting Wires into Comb Foundation.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">J. G. WHITTEN.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>Mr. John F. Cowan, in his article on -“The Practical use of Foundation,” -published in the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> of -March 9, says: “It has been practically -demonstrated to my satisfaction that -these results can only be obtained by -Mr. Given’s method of introducing the -wires, and if by a happy combination -the Dunham foundation could be made -and wired by the Given or a similar -process, the foundation controversy -would be virtually ended.”</p> - -<p>I would like to say to Mr. Cowan and -others who may be interested, that last -season I hived about 40 full sized natural -colonies, on Dunham foundation, -in Quinby frames, prepared in the following -manner: The frame is wired by -sewing in 2 horizontal wires, spaced off -so that there will be 3 equal spaces -from the top bar down. I use a triangular -top bar and fasten the foundation -by pressing it down to the bar with -the thumb and then running a stream -of melted wax and rosin over it. Then -by running a wheel, made of a cent, -over the wire I imbed the wire into the -foundation; this also forms a groove in -the foundation in which I run a stream -of melted wax which covers the wire, -and when drawn out will be perfect and -will neither sag nor break out by extracting. -There should be a good half -inch of space between the foundation -and bottom bar, as it will settle enough -to bulge the comb if left full length. -To give it a thorough trial I hived 2 -heavy natural colonies in one hive with -the mercury at 90 in the shade and basswood -honey coming in very fast, and -when drawn out every comb was perfect. -By bending a spoon so that it -will pour a small stream and with a little -practice, you will find it a short task -to fasten the foundation in the frames.</p> - -<p>Genoa, N. Y., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p class="sig5"> -For the American Bee Journal.<br /> -</p> - -<h3><a name="Importing_Bees_from_Italy" id="Importing_Bees_from_Italy"></a> -Importing Bees from Italy.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">CHAS. DADANT.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>Mr. A. Salisbury, under the above -heading, says that “It is no longer a -question: the Italian bee of Italy is not -a distinct race.... Later investigation -proves the fact that there are black bees -in Italy, as anywhere else, even in the -vicinity of Rome itself.”</p> - -<p>Mr. Jones, at the Convention in Cincinnati -last fall, asserted that he had -seen black bees at several places in -Italy, even in the vicinity of Rome. -All my inquiries, as well as the reports -of prominent and disinterested bee-keepers -of Italy, such as Mr. Mona and -Dr. Dubini, prove that there are no hybrid -bees in Italy, and, of course, no -black bees.</p> - -<p>Will Mr. Jones tell us in which apiaries -he saw black bees? Of course, by black -bees we understand entire colonies of -black bees. Then, he saw also colonies -of hybrid bees, for the mixing could -not be prevented. But if Mr. Jones saw -only a few black, or <i>seemingly black</i> bees, -in a colony, this circumstance, caused -either by the dark contents of their -stomachs, or by some other accidental -cause, we cannot infer from it that there -are black or impure bees in Italy. I -hope that Mr. Jones will answer this -question.</p> - -<p>Mr. Jones adds that, in his opinion, -the Italian bees were descended from -the bees of Holy Land, or those on the -Island of Cyprus. Such an opinion -raises the question: Are the yellow bees -from Cyprus, from Syria, or from Italy, -the original bees; or the black bees, of -more northern climates, the original -bees, the yellow color being only an improvement?</p> - -<p>According to the law of natural selection, -the yellow bees of these three -countries are about similar, because the -three countries enjoy a mild climate. -The idea of Mr. Jones’ that the Italian -bees descended from the bees of Cyprus -or of Syria, cannot be sustained, for it -leads to the idea of large importations -of bees from these countries, into Italy, -at a time when the means of transportation -were few, long and difficult.</p> - -<p>The introduction of a few colonies of -these bees into Italy would have been -unable to effect the smallest change in -the race then existing; for by our introduction -of Italian bees we have experienced -how hard it is to overcome the -returning to the type which is prevalent -in a country. Besides, although we -have had too little time to study the -habits of the Cyprian bees, having received -our queens last summer only, we -have noticed that, while they resemble -in color the Italian, their habits are not -the same. For instance, the Cyprian -bees do not cling to the combs as persistently -as do the Italians, and resemble -more the blacks in this respect; the -Cyprian queens, like the common -queens, are more easily frightened, and -more difficult to find, than the Italian -queens.</p> - -<p>As to their other qualities we are unable -to say anything. It will take a few -seasons to test them thoroughly. It is, -therefore, desirable to see them tested -by a great number of bee-keepers in -comparison with Italian bees.</p> - -<p>I read in the Italian bee paper, <i>L’Apicoltore</i>, -for January, just received, that -the Central Society of Italian Bee-Keepers -will have an exhibition on the -first of May, to which the bee-keepers -are invited to send bees from every part -of the country (probably to answer the -assertion of Mr. Jones, that there are -black bees in Italy), in order to compare -the varieties which can exist on the entire -peninsula. The report of the commission -of this society will thus put an -end to the discussions between those -who contend that there are black bees -in Italy, and those who say that the -Italian bees are all pure. Yet, it is well -to remember here, that in Italy, as well -as in Germany, they count but two yellow -rings; for they do not count as a -ring the first segment, to which the thorax -is attached.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">Hamilton, Ill., Feb. 5, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p> - -<h3><a name="Bees_and_Grapes_Corres" id="Bees_and_Grapes_Corres"></a> -Bees and Grapes.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">REV. M. MAHIN, D. D.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>I notice that the question whether -bees destroy sound grapes is again being -discussed. I have been a bee-keeper -for 11 years and during most of -that time have raised grapes enough -for family use, and I have given considerable -time and attention to the -question under discussion. All my observations -go to show that bees do not -puncture sound grapes. I have seen -them sucking the juice from grapes -that had been broken by birds, and have -picked off the broken grape, and -watched the result. The bees would -run about over the bunch hunting for -an opening, and finally abandon the -search. Last season a great many -grapes were destroyed or injured in this -part of the country, and I gave the -matter special attention. Many of the -grapes cracked more or less from the -effects of rains following dry weather, -and many more were broken more or -less by birds. As forage was scarce the -bees worked industriously on these -broken grapes until they were all gone. -But on all the bunches there were some -grapes that were not broken, and these -remained on the vines until late in the -season. After the juice had been -sucked from all the broken skins I saw -the bees for many days vainly searching -for openings from which they might -obtain the supplies they had been accustomed -to draw from the broken -fruit. These sound grapes remained -on the vines, in some cases, for weeks -after the bees had ceased to get anything -from the broken ones. Now it is -plain that the juice of these very ripe -grapes would have been quite as acceptable -to them as that from the ones they -are accused of having punctured and -destroyed. And to my mind it is clear -that if they had punctured and -destroyed as many as they are accused -of doing, they would not have become -suddenly reformed as the grapes became -sweeter and more delicious. I will not -affirm that the bees cannot puncture the -skin of a grape, but I do affirm that as -far as my very careful observation enables -me to judge, they do not. And -if I am correct in this the injury done -to the grapes is very small. The injured -grapes would spoil in a few days if the -bees were not to touch them.</p> - -<p>As far as I have been able to observe -wasps, hornets, &c., do little injury to -grapes. The mischief results mostly -from the cracking of the skin, by a very -few days, even, of wet weather after it -has been dry for some time. The skin -of the grapes becomes so full that a jar -from the wind or from the alighting of -a bird on the bunch, will cause them to -crack, and then, if there is a dearth of -honey, they are sure to be sucked dry -by the bees, with more or less help -from yellow jackets, hornets, and -wasps. It is possible that in some cases -the skins are cut by wasps, &c., but I -think the cases are exceptional.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">Huntington, Ind., March 4, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p> - -<h3><a name="The_Use_of_Separators_for_Box_Honey" id="The_Use_of_Separators_for_Box_Honey"></a> -The Use of Separators for Box Honey.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">GREINER BROTHERS.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>In starting an apiary it is of great importance -to adopt a hive that will prove -satisfactory to the manager, in all its -features, for the present as well as for -the future. It is not an easy matter after -an apiary has been started and hives -and appliances have accumulated, to -change the sizes or dimensions of such, -if they should not be satisfactory. In -the different manifestations of the hive -we find that it is necessary to have -brood frames and sections interchangeable, -in fact, it is still more convenient -to have all the different parts of the -hives as uniform as mechanical workmanship -can produce them, so that -frames, honey-boards, division-boards, -covers, sections, mats, &c., may be -picked up anywhere and adjusted to -any hive desired.</p> - -<p>The use of separators is another feature -of this kind; if once adopted and -the bees arranged accordingly, it may -cause considerable trouble to remodel -a lot of appliances, especially if separators -of any perceptible thickness are -used.</p> - -<p>In the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> for Feb. 2, Mr. -Heddon gives some very good hints on -“hive and section making,” but we can -not endorse all his points, and in this article -we refer in particular to his closing -sentence.</p> - -<p>It seems strange to us that Mr. Heddon -pronounces separators “nuisances,” -whilst other prominent bee-keepers, -and we believe the majority, use them -and advocate their use. It must certainly -be a query to young beginners, -who seek information amongst the contributors -of the <span class="smcap">Journal</span>, to encounter -such square contradictions. Our experience -is about as follows:</p> - -<p>The 2 first years of our experience in -bee-keeping found us equipped with -open surplus cases, we mean by surplus -cases the adjustable half-story, with -the proper number of frames containing -sections. The seasons were -good and the crops abundant, but the -shape of a good share of our honey was -anything but desirable; it was not uniform -in thickness nor even; some being -thick on one end and thin on the -other, some were missed entirely, whilst -the adjoining one bulged out to take up -the space; in short, the variations were -many.</p> - -<p>To glass and crate this honey for market -cost us considerable trouble and we -concluded to try separators. The 25 -cases we had prepared and used the -next season at our honey apiary proved -to be a success; the honey was “just -splendid;” the sections in shape, thickness -and weight were as near perfect as -could be desired, and we decided at -once to produce honey in no other way. -However, we were not entirely satisfied; -we knew separators were objected -to by some bee-keepers on account of -a smaller yield. Mr. Heddon says, on -page 33 of the <span class="smcap">Journal</span>, “These separators -cost me too great a portion of my -surplus crop.”</p> - -<p>To satisfy ourselves on this point we -used the following season about 100 -cases, rigged as the first 25, with separators, -which we scattered in our different -apiaries side by side with open -ones. The result was that we noticed -very little difference, if any, in the -amount of honey stored, and the editor’s -opinion, on page 59, was exactly our experience.</p> - -<p>Again, Mr. Heddon claims the first -cost and trouble of manipulating to be -objectionable. We admit separators -are an expense, but they need not be -very costly. We use basswood, costing -us less than a cent each, and even at -twice that cost, would it not be economy -then to expend a comparative -small amount if we can thereby produce -honey in much more attractive shape? -Besides we claim separators lessen the -trouble of manipulating instead of increasing -it. The reason we use wood -is because it is cheaper than metal and -we believe better adapted, on account -of its being the most natural material -for bee-habitations.</p> - -<p>Since we introduced separators the -percentage of unfinished honey is -greatly reduced. At the end of the -honey season we formerly found open -cases almost filled with comb and -honey and not one single finished section -among them. This is not so much -the case since we use separators; when -the flow of honey begins to diminish, -we have noticed our bees to be at work -in a portion of the sections, whilst the -remainder would not be occupied at all; -we have also taken off cases at the end -of a honey flow, which were entirely -empty, except 2 or 3 sections, and these -were finished and marketable. To be -sure these are extremes, but it shows -the benefit of separators.</p> - -<p>It might appear from the last part of -this article, that we apply surplus cases -regardless of the working capacity of -our colonies. Circumstances may -sometimes compel us to do so, but we -aim to give our bees no more surplus -room than they can occupy.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">Naples, N. Y., March 6, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p> - -<h3><a name="Texas_for_Bees_and_Honey" id="Texas_for_Bees_and_Honey"></a> -Texas for Bees and Honey.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">DR. J. E. LAY.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>I write to answer several communications -in regard to the adaptability of -our great State to bee-keeping, and as -apiculture is engrossing the minds of -many of the most energetic, progressive -and scientific men of our land, I recognize -the difficulty of even venturing an -opinion. As our great State is so varied -in climate and flora, I will state that -my remarks have reference to my own -section of perhaps a radius of 100 miles. -I have lived in Texas since 1850. I -passed my boyhood days on her beautiful -prairies, amid her thousands of -flowers of every hue, freighting our incomparable -sea breeze with more than -Arcadian sweetness, silence banished -from her woodland slopes by the joyous -carol of beautiful song birds. Ever delighting -in the marvelous beauties of -nature, how could I fail to love so beauteous -a sunlit home? Yes, and as a -grown up boy I love it still. Greek nor -Roman, not even Wm. Tell, loved his -country better than I, therefore my -bee-keeping friends will pardon me if -I seem to color a little too strongly. -Our State is being filled with energetic -farmers who are reaping rich harvests -from the virgin soil, for nearly all kinds -of seeds that are sown spring forth under -the genial rays of the sun to 60 and -an hundred fold.</p> - -<p>Reasoning by analogy I opine that -bee-keeping will result in like manner. -Apiculture is in its nascent form here, -but the sun of science begins to warm -its quickening form. I have studied -the best works on apiculture, but have -not given it a thorough practical test -yet; I purpose doing so this season. -There are but few bees in our country, -all blacks except my little apiary of 7 -colonies, which consists of hybrids and -blacks. I intend to Italianize in March, -for they indeed possess many advantages -over the blacks.</p> - -<p>I have just wintered successfully in -simplicity hives (plain) without any sort -of protection whatever, and this is the -coldest winter I ever saw in Texas. -Dispatches state that at this time almost -the entire North is covered with -snow. While my bees were in a quiver -of excitement to-day, Feb. 4, bringing -in rich loads of pollen and honey from -turnips, mustards, &c., I could but - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91"></a>[91]</span> - -delight in their rush of joy. How different -is the climate over which our -vast brotherhood reaches! Our honey -plants reach nearly through the entire -year, yielding as good nectar as ever -tickled the palate of man. In fact the -harvest for bees is almost endless, better, -of course, some months. The market -for honey has never been developed: -a few old “gums” to “rob” for “big -meeting” or for some extraordinary -visitor is about all ever obtained. “Bees -do no good here these days, the moth -destroy them,” say the “old settlers.” -The moth skulks away in the light of -scientific bee-keeping and its depredations -are <i>nil</i>.</p> - -<p>To be successful all should study the -science, read good books on the subject, -learn by close practical observation, -read the periodicals of our wide awake -bee-men, among which there is none -better than the <span class="smcap">American Bee Journal</span>. -Energy and perseverance alone -will succeed even in the “sunlit clime” -of Texas. Without these, all will just -as surely retrograde.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p class="sig-left2">Hallettsville, Texas.</p> - - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p> - -<h3><a name="Alsike_Clover_as_a_Honey_Plant" id="Alsike_Clover_as_a_Honey_Plant"></a> -Alsike Clover as a Honey Plant.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">L. JAMES.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>Much has been written for the <span class="smcap">Journal</span> -about the value of this variety of -clover for its yield of honey and hay. -Such has not been my experience with -it, sown on 19 acres of land, and extending -over 11 years. In 1869 I bought -some 38 pounds of the seed of Mr. -Thomas, of Canada. The cost to me, -of the seed, duty and express charges, -was $18. Having 9 acres of ground -planted with apple trees that had been -bearing for some time, and wishing to -seed it down to grass I had the ground -well prepared for the reception of the -seed, and a good rain fell just after it -was brushed in; it came up nicely, and -as there was favorable rains all through -the summer it grew finely. The following -season it grew in length of stem and -quantity of bloom far beyond my expectation, -and when in its full bloom it -was a beautiful sight, resembling an -ocean of blossoms, and as I looked upon -it, you may rely upon it my calculations -of boxes of nice alsike clover honey -loomed up in large proportions, but like -many another calculation based upon -what our bees are going to do, it was -all in fancy and I was doomed to disappointment.</p> - -<p>Day after day their flight was just in -the opposite direction, with only here -and there a bee to be seen on it. There -was a body of timber ¾ of a mile distant -in the direction they were flying with -pastures well set in white clover between -this timber and the apiary, and I -supposed the white clover pastures -was the source of honey supply. This -state of things continued for some time, -and seeing a bee-man pass by that lived -in the timber I inquired how his bees -were getting along. He replied they -were doing finely as they ought to, for -he had never seen heavier honey dews. -That was the secret, and soon my boxes -began to show evidence of the dark stuff -being put into them, instead of alsike -honey. Fortunately for me, before -much of it was stored in the boxes, -some heavy dashing rains washed it -from the leaves and there was no more -of the dew for them to gather. The alsike -and white clover were in bloom for -some time after this, but for some cause -the bees paid but little attention to it, -and I was vexed to see the promise of a -rich return for my expenditure frustrated. -I took it for granted that the -season was not congenial for its production -of honey, as I knew the same -to be the case with white clover, as it -was last summer. After this at different -times I sowed 2 other orchards of 5 -acres each with alsike, neither of which -did as well as the first piece sown, want -of timely rains, &c., being the cause, -but by continuous sowing I succeeded -in having them tolerably well set with it.</p> - -<p>Receiving no perceptible benefit from -it, commensurate with its trouble and -expense, I have for some time been -satisfied that in central Illinois where -our white clover is so abundantly furnished -in our pastures and road sides, -without any expense, and hardy at that, -it is time and money put to a poor use.</p> - -<p>As a hay producing plant it amounts -to but little after the first season, as it -becomes dwarfed in habit, and, I believe, -will eventually be but little larger -in growth under like circumstances -than the white variety. The white -clover is the honey plant for our latitude, -and I presume the alsike for -Sweden, from whence it came, and -corresponding latitudes. After having -had 11 years’ experience with it I think -it unworthy of attention from bee-men, -either for honey or hay; at least where -the hardy white clover comes spontaneously -to our hands.</p> - -<p>There is one thing I ought not to -omit, in sowing this Canadian seed I -introduced a kind of cockle (different -from any I have seen in Penn. or Ohio) -that holds its own much better than -the clover, and I begin to think it will -be a standing pest difficult to get rid of.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">Atlanta, Ill.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p class="sig5">Read before the N. E. Convention.</p> - -<h3><a name="The_Supply_and_Queen_Trade" id="The_Supply_and_Queen_Trade"></a> -The Supply and Queen Trade.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">A. B. WEED.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>This is a subject, I believe, of interest -to all who are engaged in apiculture, -either as bee-keepers, supply dealers or -queen breeders, and is growing as the -business extends.</p> - -<p>The supply business seems as yet to -be in a crude state, and prices lack uniformity. -In many cases we find needless -“cutting” of prices. It may be -said that this is a good thing for buyers; -but I believe that the opposite is the -case, for the inevitable result of unreasonably -low prices is inferior goods. -When prices are so lowered that there -is no margin left for profit, the trade -will not be supported with the enterprise -which is necessary to stimulate -improvements or inventions, or even to -put the business on a good footing. -The character of the business can best -be maintained if the energy of manufacturers -is directed to the perfecting -of goods rather than the cheapening of -them. Good tools are necessary in any -pursuit, and seem to be associated with -a thrifty business; in fact, the prosperity -of a business is largely dependent -upon the means at hand of carrying it -on. If one tool is better than another—even -if the difference is slight—it is -worth very much more, for the benefit -of the difference is felt every time that -it is used. A good thing may be a -source of profit, and a poor one of loss. -The best is <i>always</i> the cheapest.</p> - -<p>There is one respect in which the -business is in a better condition than -many others, and that is, that there is -but very little credit given. This is an -advantage to both parties, for the -seller loses nothing through bad debts, -and the prompt buyer does not have to -pay for the losses caused by the careless -or dishonest ones.</p> - -<p>It is quite common among supply -dealers to guarantee safe arrival of -goods. This condition of sale is unnecessary, -as the express receipt is sufficient, -and in case of injury or loss the -fact is more readily proven and damages -more easily collected than could be -from some dealers. It is unreasonable -to expect the dealer to be responsible -for goods after they have left his hands, -especially when the consignee can adjust -any difficulty more easily at his end -of the line; this is the customary rule -in business. When articles are sent by -mail the buyer can protect himself -against loss by having the article registered; -but the precaution is almost -unnecessary, as it is <i>very rarely</i> that -anything is lost in the mails. Of course -the sender is required to use necessary -care in packing; with most shippers this -is a point of pride.</p> - -<p>The traffic in queens seems to be -closely allied to the supply business—at -least so I have found it—for as the bee-keeper -begins to feel the need of good -tools he sees the advantage of good -stock as well; and he naturally looks -in the same direction for both. I believe -that I express the opinion of the -best queen breeders when I say that it -is much more satisfactory to sell a good -queen at a correspondingly good price—even -if the profit is no greater in proportion—than -a cheap and poor one, for -the reason that a queen, wherever she -goes, will represent the stock from -which she came. And I believe, too, -that I speak the opinion of all observing -apiarists when I say that it pays infinitely -better to keep good queens than -poor ones. Thus it is that good queens -at good prices are more profitable to -both parties. Some of the best apiarists -have discontinued selling any queens -that are not possessed of a high degree -of merit, and send out only those which -are thoroughly tested and found to be -good. In return they receive a suitable -price from appreciative customers. This -is notably the case in localities where -honey raising is an established business, -and the value of good stock is therefore -understood. It is now almost universally -held by apiarists that if good -queens are to be obtained they must be -raised under favorable conditions. It -is freely admitted that to bring about -these conditions requires a large outlay -of time and thought, as well as money. -This especially is the case when queens -are to be reared out of season.</p> - -<p>The cost of rearing queens will decide -their price, for of course they will -not be sold at prices which do not pay -for rearing and a reasonable profit besides. -If buyers insist on having cheap -queens, they will get them, but their -value will be found to correspond with -their price. The one-price rule, which -is applied to queens throughout the -country, has the effect of causing many -poor ones to be sold at fair prices, which -really should be killed. It has the tendency -to discourage the rearing of very -superior ones, for as a rule, a thing is -no better than its price. When they -are all sold at a uniform price it is to be -expected they will be nearly alike in -merit, as there is no special inducement -for the breeder to improve his stock. -The uniformity of price probably originated -in the supposition that all queens -are equally good, whereas experience -proves the opposite to be true. A queen -that lays even a few more eggs daily -than another is much more valuable, -for the extra number of eggs will be -multiplied by the number of days that -she is kept. This difference alone, so -often repeated, will in time amount to -more than the price of the queen. A -poor queen is kept at a corresponding -loss, although both may have sold at the -same price. There are such things as -plus and minus outside of algebra. The -buying of queens at present has some -resemblance to a lottery. They should -be graded—at least so far as this is possible—and -priced accordingly.</p> - -<p>Combinations for the maintenance -of artificial prices are impracticable -and undesirable. I would only submit -that prices be based upon cost of production -and a <i>reasonable</i> profit.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">Detroit, Mich.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p> - -<h3><a name="Who_is_to_Blame_for_the_Losses" id="Who_is_to_Blame_for_the_Losses"></a> -Who is to Blame for the Losses?</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p class="center">C. H. DIBBERN.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p>Already the reports of fearful losses -are coming in thick and fast. Every -severe winter the story is the same. -Now the question arises, are these losses -of bees inevitable every cold winter? -If so then our business as bee-keepers -is still a mere matter of luck.</p> - -<p>During the last few years of mild -winters the out-door wintering men -have had things about their own way -in our bee-papers. Now, are these papers -not a little to blame for admitting -articles to their columns giving bad advice -to the inexperienced? Many have -advocated the wintering on summer -stands without protection or care, and -persistently claim to be masters in bee-keeping. -I am perfectly willing to admit -that bees can be wintered very -nicely on summer stands in a mild winter, -also that they are wintered successfully -if well packed in chaff in a cold -winter; but I claim that the labor of -preparing them is more than double -that of cellar wintering.</p> - -<p>I contend that the only certain way is -to prepare a suitable place especially -for the bees. If a cellar, have the floor -cemented and see that it is dry, dark, -and well ventilated. In such a place -they will not consume more than half -the amount of honey they would if left -out “packed” in the most approved -style. This being a fact they have no -particular occasion for a flight. I know -that the out-door men claim that cellar-wintered -bees do not breed early and -are liable to “spring dwindle.” I -hardly know what spring dwindling is. -By good spring management I have -never failed to have my hives crowded -as soon as there is anything for the bees -to do. Then what is to be gained by -having the queen expend her energies -and raising vast broods of bees in February -to be ready to die when the blossoms -come? But sometimes failure -comes even in the best of cellars; but -would they have fared any better out of -doors? Nine times in 10 the cause can -be traced to bees filling their hives from -the refuse of cider mills. How to keep -them from storing such stuff is one of -the great problems to be solved.</p> - -<p>It is not to be supposed that any kind -of a hole under a house will do to winter -bees. I have known bees to be -packed away among onions, cabbage, -and sour kraut. In the spring they -wonder what made their bees die. Perhaps -they were fastened by wire cloth -so that the light could be let in and the -bees could not “get out you know.” -That such must fail is apparent.</p> - -<p>I do not find fault with those who prefer -to pack in chaff and winter out of -doors; I cannot see, however, that it is -the best way.</p> - -<p>It will be the “survival of the fittest” -this winter, sure. The box hive men -and careless bee-keepers will go out of -the business. It is the golden opportunity -for the bee-keeper of the future. -Soon the fields will be white with the -harvest, but the laborers will be few. -The bees will have less competition in -the fields and the honey in the market.</p> - -<p class="sig5">Milan, Ill.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>[Are the papers reprehensible for giving -place to candid and respectful arguments, -whether based upon tenable or -doubtful theories, intended to advance -and simplify a science of such magnitude -as the bee-keeping interest? Differences -of opinion (and honest ones, -too,) exist in almost all leading pursuits, -and frequently, although seemingly -contradicting each other, lead to successful -results: again, as has been frequently -demonstrated during the past -winter, practices embracing all the most -approved theories, have alike proved -disastrous. There are so many favorable -contingencies to be provided, that -theories are powerless to insure success. -It is interesting, as well as mystifying, -to glance through our correspondence -from week to week, and note the different -methods of preparing bees for winter, -and the disasters attending all the -different styles. Nor are the cellars exempt -from heavy losses, even where -success has been proverbial heretofore: -The truth is, the winter has been an exceptional -one, and loss or success with a -single or a few individuals, will neither -establish nor disprove theoretical assertions; -nor will it justify the “I told you -so” class, because successful, in arrogating -to themselves all of human wisdom.— -<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="topspace1"></div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The North Western Wisconsin -Bee-keepers Association will meet at -Germania Hall, LaCrosse, Wis., on -Tuesday, May 10, at 10 a.m. All interested -in bee-keeping are requested to be -present.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2"><span class="smcap">L. H. Pammel, Jr.</span>, <i>Sec.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The next meeting of the N. W. -Illinois and S. W. Wisconsin Bee-Keepers’ -Association, will be held at H. W. -Lee’s, 2 miles n.w. of Pecatonica, Winnebago -county, Ills., on the 17th of May, -1881.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2"><span class="smcap">J. Stewart</span>, <i>Sec.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> On account of unfavorable weather -the convention at Monroe Centre, -Ill., met on Feb. 8, and there being but -few present, adjourned to the same -place on March 29, 1881.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2"><span class="smcap">A. Rice</span>, <i>Pres.</i><br /> -</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92"></a>[Pg 92]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="Editorial_Items" id="Editorial_Items"></a> -<img src="images/i004.png" width="500" height="144" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h2>THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL<br /></h2> - -<p class="center small">OLDEST BEE PAPER<br /> -IN AMERICA<br /> -ESTABLISHED<br /> -IN 1861. -</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration04.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p class="center xlarge">THOMAS G. NEWMAN.</p> -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Editor and Proprietor</span>.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration04.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p class="center">CHICAGO, ILL., MAR. 23, 1881.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration05.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<h3><a name="Frank_Benton_in_the_Far_East" id="Frank_Benton_in_the_Far_East"></a> -Frank Benton in the Far East.</h3> - -<hr class="r15" /> - -<p>Mr. Jones sends us the annexed extract -from a letter of Mr. Benton’s, and -the following appreciative compliment -to the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, for which he will -accept our thanks:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p>Herewith I send you extract from a -private letter just received from Frank -Benton, dated Pointe de Galle, Ceylon, -Asia, Jan. 30, 1881. The <span class="smcap">American -Bee Journal</span> has a warm corner in my -heart. Right glad am I that you have -taken time by the forelock, and issued -a weekly. I would not have you go -back to a monthly for $25 a year, and -you deserve the congratulations of every -bee-keeper; that prosperity may crown -your efforts is my wish.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">D. A. Jones.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Friend Jones</span>:—* * * I shall start -back with nothing but full colonies. I -have seen two native races of bees here, -and the comb of a third; one race is -stingless, but worthless; the tiniest -little fellows, three-sixteenths of an inch -long. Another race is <i>Apis indica</i>. -The third race I do not believe is valuable, -since it is a very small bee—smaller -than <i>Apis indica</i>. <i>Apis dorsata</i> is a wonderful -bee, whether it can be domesticated -or not. It builds in the open air, -on branches, often making combs 6 feet -long; and I have good authority for -saying that 30 natives have each taken -a load of honey from one tree. It was -not until I reached Colombo that I could -find out anything about <i>Apis dorsata</i>. -I call it <i>Apis dorsata</i>, but do not know -positively as that is its name, for no one -can tell here, and I have not yet seen the -bee, as it was too late when I learned -where to find it, to go to that part of the -Island and reach this French steamer. -Everybody says, though, a large bee, -from which large quantities of honey -are obtained, exists in the interior of -the Island. The natives all know it by -the name <i>Bombera</i>. I start for Singapore -by the French steamer “Yangste,” -on January 31st.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Frank Benton.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<h3><a name="Circulars_and_Price_Lists" id="Circulars_and_Price_Lists"></a> -Circulars and Price Lists.</h3> - -<p>—We have received the following Circulars, Price -Lists and Catalogues for 1881:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>L. H. Pammel & Bros., LaCrosse, Wis.—Italian -Queens and Bees—4 pages.</p> - -<p>Champion Bee Hive Co., Newcomerstown, O.—Apiarian -Supplies—12 pages.</p> - -<p>Thomas J. Ward, St. Mary’s Ind.—Fruit Trees and -Poultry—16 pages.</p> - -<p>T. Greiner, Naples, N. Y.—Vegetable and Flower -Seeds—24 pages.</p> - -<p>D. D. Palmer, New Boston, Ill.—Sweet Home Raspberry—4 -pages.</p> - -<p>Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass.—Queens and Apiarian -Supplies—4 pages.</p> - -<p>Wm. W. Cary & Son, Colerain, Mass.—Queens, Bees -and Apiarian Supplies—8 pages.</p> - -<p>G. W. Thompson, Stelton, N. J.—Bees, Hives and -Apiarian Supplies—4 pages.</p> - -<p>S. D. McLean & Son, Culleoka, Tenn.—Italian Bees -and Queens—1 page.</p> - -<p>A. LaMontague, Montreal, Can.—Italian Queens, -Hives and Bee-Keepers’ Supplies—3 pages.</p> - -<p>Jas. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, Mass.—Vegetable, -Flower and Grain Seeds—60 pages.</p> - -<p>T. M. Metcalf & Son, St. Paul, Minn.—Field, Garden -and Flower Seeds—28 pages.</p> - -<p>Nanz & Neuner, Louisville, Ky.—Plants, Seeds. -Bulbs, etc.—80 pages.</p> - -<p>Landreth’s Rural Register and Almanac for 1881, -Philadelphia, Pa.—Garden Seeds—70 pages.</p> - -<p>Cole & Brother, Pella, Iowa.—Garden and Flower -Seeds—44 pages.</p> - -<p>J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, N. J.—Choice Small -Fruit—40 pages.</p> - -<p>Joseph Harris, Rochester. N. Y.—Field, Garden -and Flower Seeds—14 pages.</p> - -<p>James M. Thornburn & Co., 15 John Street, N. Y.—Seeds -for Garden and Farm—96 pages.</p> - -<p>L. B. Case’s Botanical Index, Richmond, Ind.—A -Quarterly Botanical Magazine—40 pages.</p></blockquote> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The Emperor of Russia, while returning -from a review on Sunday, -March 12, was killed by a bomb thrown -by a Nihilist. He was taken to the Palace -and died in a few hours. The assassins -have been arrested. His son -succeeds him as Alexander III.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3><a name="An_Excellent_Suggestion" id="An_Excellent_Suggestion"></a> -An Excellent Suggestion.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p>Prof. Cook has forwarded us for publication -the annexed open letter, addressed -to Dr. N. P. Allen, President of -the North American Bee-Keepers’ Society. -The reasons adduced in support of -the suggestion are well founded, and -must strike all minds favorably. September -and October are usually among -the busiest months of the year to bee-keepers -and farmers, who have their -later crops to garner, their honey to -take off and prepare for market, their -fruit to gather and assort, and their live -stock to be made comfortable for winter; -while the date proposed by the Professor -occurs just at that period when everybody -can spare the time best, when traveling -is the most enjoyable, and is quite -late enough to enable an approximate -estimate of what the harvest will be. -It is competent for the Executive Committee -(of which President Allen is -chairman) to fix upon such time as will -best subserve the interests of the Society. -We trust they will give the matter -an early and careful consideration. -Following is the letter:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p> -<i>To Dr. N. P. Allen:</i><br /> -</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: As the proposition which -I am about to offer is of general interest -to the bee-keepers of our country, I -beg leave to present it through the -<span class="smcap">American Bee Journal</span>:</p> - -<p>The American Association for the Advancement -of Science convenes at Cincinnati, -Ohio, on Wednesday, Aug. 17, -1881. This Association had at its last -meeting, in Boston, August, 1880, more -than 1,000 members present. Owing to -its influence, and the large annual attendance, -the local committee at the -place where the meetings are to be held -are able to procure greatly reduced -rates on railroads leading to the place.</p> - -<p>Now, I would suggest that the North -American Bee-Keepers’ Association, -which is to be held so near Cincinnati, -convene at Lexington on Wednesday -and Thursday, August 24th and 25th.</p> - -<p>1st. This would accommodate such -persons as myself, who wish to attend -both meetings, and could not afford time -or means were they widely separated by -time.</p> - -<p>2d. A committee consisting of yourself, -Mr. Muth, of Cincinnati, and Mr. Wm. -Williamson, of Lexington (I would do -what I could to aid), could act in conjunction -with the local committee of the -A. A. A. of S., and I believe could get -the commutation railroad rates to extend -to the National Bee-Keepers’ Association.</p> - -<p>3d. August is a quiet time with bee-keepers, -and so far as I can see, nothing -would be lost in making the date of our -meeting earlier than the usual time.</p> - -<p>4th. The fact of accommodating such -as wish to attend both meetings, and -the reduced railroad rates, could we secure -them, would greatly increase the -attendance at the Bee-Keepers’ Association, -and would richly compensate -for some loss, if such there would be.</p> - -<p>I only make this suggestion, hoping -that you and others interested will give -it such consideration as its merits deserve.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap large">A. J. Cook</span>,<br /> -<br /> -Vice Pres’t of Nat. Association and<br /> -President of Michigan Association.<br /> -</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> At the Utica Convention, last -month, Mr. L. C. Root was appointed a -committee to endeavor to have the bill -for the prevention of the adulteration -of sugar, syrups, etc., then before the -Legislature of New York, so amended -as to include honey. We learn, with -much pleasure, that Mr. Root has succeeded -in having it include honey, and -Mr. R. is quite sanguine that the bill so -amended will become a law of the Empire -State. If passed, we hope that the -bee-keepers of New York will see to it -that it will not be allowed to become -a “dead letter” in the statute books of -that State.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i005.png" width="400" height="128" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h2>AMONG OUR EXCHANGES.</h2> - -<h3 class="nobreak"><a name="GLEANINGS" id="GLEANINGS"></a>GLEANINGS.</h3> - -<p><a name="Bees_and_Grapes_Exch" id="Bees_and_Grapes_Exch"></a><b>Bees and Grapes.</b> -—The Klassen and -Krock difficulty about the bees of the -former committing depredations on the -grapes of the latter, is to be submitted -to arbitration. It seems that the real -trouble was a “personal feud that does -not concern bee-keepers at all”—the -grape matter was an outgrowth. This -matter was referred to in Prof. Cook’s -article on page 74 of the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, -and should now be entirely divorced -from the Bee and Grape controversy.</p> - -<p><a name="Bees_Dead_in_Box_Hives" id="Bees_Dead_in_Box_Hives"></a><b>Bees Dead in box hives.</b>—Mr. G. Castello, -Saginaw, Mich.,</p> - -<blockquote> -<p>says that on Feb. 22 he went to a neighbor’s, 5 miles distant, who -had a box-hive apiary consisting of 103 colonies of bees. After looking -them over, they found only 10 colonies alive; all the rest had died of -dysentery.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p><a name="Honey_for_Sore_Eyes" id="Honey_for_Sore_Eyes"></a><b>Honey for sore Eyes.</b> -—Mr. S. C. Perry, Portland, Mich., says:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p>“A neighbor of mine had inflammation -in his eyes. He tried many things -of many physicians; ‘was nothing better, -but rather grew worse,’ until he -was almost entirely blind. His family -was sick, and I presented him with a -pail of honey. What they did not eat -he put in his eyes, a drop or two in each -eye, 2 or 3 times a day. In 3 months’ -time he was able to read coarse print, -and now, after 4 months’ use, his eyes -are almost as good as ever. I have also -found honey good for common cold-sore -eyes.”</p> -</blockquote> - -<h3 class="nobreak"><a name="MISCELLANEOUS" id="MISCELLANEOUS"></a>MISCELLANEOUS.</h3> - -<p><a name="Feeding_In_Winter" id="Feeding_In_Winter"></a><b>Feeding in Winter.</b>—Mr. A. B. Weed, -in the <i>Michigan Farmer</i>, says:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p>“Many colonies which were put up -for winter with but a small amount of -provision, have consumed what was -given them, and starved for want of -more. Others have but a small amount -of stores left, and must be fed soon if -they are to be saved. The best way to -feed such is to give them frames of well -ripened honey, but this the weather -will not always permit. The next best -thing for them is candy; this can be -given at any time, and can be laid on -top of the frames. If the cluster is low -down in the hive, it should be put down -into it, where it can be reached.”</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p><a name="Bees_and_Grapes_Exch2" id="Bees_and_Grapes_Exch2"></a><b>Bees and Grapes.</b> -—Mr. W. H. Stout, -in the Lancaster, Pa., <i>Farmer</i>, gives the -following as his experience:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p>By close investigation I have satisfied -myself that bees do not destroy sound -grapes. I had, during the past season, -22 colonies of Italian and common black -bees; all the hives were in close proximity -to the grapes, while a number had -the vines trained over them for shade -during the heat of summer. The grapes -are of the Concord variety, of which I -had an abundance of fine fruit, some -clusters of which grew within 18 inches -of the entrance to the hives. Bunches -of the grapes remained on the vines until -the frost had killed the foliage, which -fell off and left the grapes exposed, affording -every temptation to the bees; -and this, too, through a season when the -honey yield from natural sources was so -small that the bees consumed stores they -had gathered earlier in the season. But -the bees do work on grapes, and also on -other fruits under certain conditions. -If the skin of grapes, peaches, pears, -etc., is ruptured from any cause, the -bees, wasps, ants, etc., are very quick -in discovering it, and soon leave only -the dried shells. During the hot weather -of August, especially when there are -frequent showers, the skin of ripening -fruit cracks, for reasons which I will -leave to some philosophical friend to explain. -My conclusions are not hasty; -nor were my observations superficial; -but they were prolonged from the time -the first grapes ripened until the close -of the season. I found some clusters of -grapes literally covered with bees scrambling -and fighting for the little sweets -contained in the cracked grapes, which -are the only ones on which they work, -as I found out by driving the bees away -and removing from the clusters all the -bursted grapes, when the bees, as soon -as they found only sound fruit remained, -went away and left the grapes uninjured. -We also laid some bunches of -grapes on top of the hives and others -close to the entrances, also left clusters -hanging on the vines close to the hives, -where they remained uninjured by the -bees as long as the fruit was sound. I -know very well that bees can gnaw -through heavy muslin, or shave off wood -and straw. To cover the bees we have -quilts made of heavy muslin, which -they sometimes bite through, and we -have wood and straw hives on which -they have enlarged the entrances; but, -nevertheless, I am fully satisfied they -do no injury whatever to sound fruit.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p><a name="Feeding_RyeMeal" id="Feeding_RyeMeal"></a><b>Feeding Rye-Meal.</b> -—In the <i>Indiana Farmer</i> Mr. F. L. Dougherty says:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p>“Bees will not raise brood without -pollen in some shape. We frequently -find colonies with but very little, and at -times none at all. In crowding them -on a few frames, quite frequently those -left in the hive contain but little, if any. -So it becomes necessary to furnish it to -them, until they can gather it from natural -sources. Unbolted rye-meal is -probably the best substitute, although -they will use wheat-flour, corn-meal, -oat-meal, or in lieu of any of these, will -even carry saw-dust. To get the bees -started, place a piece of comb on the -meal, and if the weather be pleasant -and no pollen to be had they will soon -appropriate it. They will leave the -meal when natural pollen makes its appearance.”</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p><a name="The_Weekly_Bee_Journal_Abroad" id="The_Weekly_Bee_Journal_Abroad"></a> -<span class="xlarge">☞</span> That excellent Monthly, published -in Nyon, Switzerland, by Mons. E. Bertrand,—the “<i>Bulletin -D’Apiculteur pour la Suisse</i>”—gives the Weekly -<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> the following kind notice:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p>“We have received the first 2 numbers -of the <span class="smcap">American Bee Journal</span>, -which has been transferred from a -Monthly to a Weekly, by its Editor, -Mr. T. G. Newman. Only one apiarian -publication is issued every 2 weeks, the -<i>Bienen-Zeitung</i> of Eickstadt. That of Mr. -Newman’s is, therefore, ‘the only one -in the entire world which is published -weekly.’ It is also, without doubt, the -most universal. Its principal contributors -are among the most distinguished -bee-keepers of America, together with -scientists, entomologists, chemists and -farmers; and the number of those who -send it communications can be called -legion. It is, with an understanding -of the full extent of the services -which it renders, through the abundance -of the observations and of the information -which it brings before its -readers, that we offer to our colleague -and friend our warmest felicitations on -the occasion of the new development of -his publication.”</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>This very kind notice is the more -valuable as Mons. E. Bertrand is a man -of intelligence and wealth, whose sole -interest is his love of the pursuit of bee-keeping.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> <i>L’Apicoltore</i>, the organ of the -Central Società d’Apicoltore d’Italia, -also gives the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> the following -very kind notice, in its excellent -number for February:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p>“The bee-papers are every day augmenting -to suit the increasing need of -the readers, and the publisher of the -<span class="smcap">American Bee Journal</span>, Signor Newman, -who came to Europe and to Milan -last year, announces that at the beginning -of 1881 his Monthly <span class="smcap">Journal</span> -will be issued every week.”</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> In Mr. A. Hoke’s letter, on page -77, he stated that the dead bees covered -the ground for several yards. That was -bad enough, but our compositor made -it a hundred times worse by adding the -word <i>hundred</i>. The reader will please -discount that expression accordingly.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93"></a>[93]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i006.png" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak"><i>SELECTIONS FROM<br /> -OUR LETTER BOX</i></h2> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="But_few_Bees_Lost" id="But_few_Bees_Lost"></a> -<b>But Few Bees Lost.</b>— We have had a -pretty hard winter for bees, although I -have heard of but few losses in this section. -My bees are packed in chaff, and -are all alive but 2 colonies, which were -very weak when packed. Success to -the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>.</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -<span class="smcap">F. W. Burtnette.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Morrice, Mich., March 12, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> - -<p><a name="An_Old_Queen" id="An_Old_Queen"></a> -<b>An Old Queen.</b>—We have had a couple -of warm, bright days at last, and my -bees are flying, what of them are alive. -Out of 33 colonies, I think I have 10 or -12 alive, some of them pretty strong, -others weak. I have 3 Italian colonies—they -seem strongest. What hives I -have looked into, where the bees are -dead, appear to have plenty of honey, -and the other bees appear to be taking -the honey out, and I fear are taking -from the weak colonies also. Should I -prevent them from appropriating it? I -noticed some drones with one of my -Italian colonies; what does that mean -at this time of year? I have been a -short distance south, returning home 3 -weeks ago. There has been great loss -of bees in Fayette and Wayne counties, -as well as in Wabash. Please answer -above questions in the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Joel Brewer.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Lincolnville, Ind., March 10, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>[It is not advisable to let bees have -access to combs in other hives; if they -need honey, put the combs in the hives -where wanted, and not too many. If -the strong are robbing the weaker colonies, -exchange stands with them. The -presence of drones thus early indicates -an old or defective queen. Unless there -is a large quantity of sealed worker -brood (indicating the queen is perfect), -we would supersede her as soon as possible, -unless the bees save the trouble. -—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Gathering_Pollen" id="Gathering_Pollen"></a> -<b>Gathering Pollen.</b>—My bees gathered -pollen lively to-day, and are strong for -this time of year. My loss in wintering -is 4 colonies, leaving 8 to commence -the season with. Nearly all the bees -in this county are dead.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">John C. Gilliland.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Bloomfield, Ind., March 15, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="No_Winter_Flight_Yet" id="No_Winter_Flight_Yet"></a> <b>No -Winter Flight Yet.</b>—I am trying to winter 163 colonies in -Mitchell hives. All are boxed and packed in chaff with 2 thicknesses -of burlaps over the bees; the ends of the hives to the division-boards -are filled with chaff; combs contracted to such numbers as bees would -cover. They were put into winter quarters Nov. 13, and have had no -flight yet. I find many colonies affected with dysentery, and 12 are -dead. It is snowing to-day with prospects of another blizzard. I cannot -estimate the loss at present; will report at a future time. With many -others, I am free to throw in my mite of joy for the weekly visitations -of the <span class="smcap">Journal</span>.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">D. Videto.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">North East, Pa., March 15, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bees_Confined_Months" id="Bees_Confined_Months"></a> -<b>Bees Confined 4½ Months.</b>—This has -been the severest winter that I can remember. -My 27 colonies of bees -have not had a flight since Nov. 1. They -are in a cellar; one of my neighbors -had over 50 colonies, but there are only -5 left. He tried to winter out of doors, -but has put what he had left in a cider -mill. Another had over 20 colonies, -wintered out of doors and lost all. I -have but little hopes of having over 6 -or 8 colonies; there is but little hopes -of having weather that bees can have a -flight for 2 weeks yet. We are in a snow -blockade yet. We have had but one -mail in over 2 weeks. I like the Weekly -better each number; it brings us -nearer together and we can sympathize -with our bee-keeping friends. Let us -hope for the best; there are better -times coming. Success to the Weekly.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">E. Bump.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Waterloo, Wis., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Closed_Out_by_Fire" id="Closed_Out_by_Fire"></a> -<b>Closed out by Fire.</b>—I had the misfortune -to be “closed out” of the bee-business -by fire, on the night of March -4, losing all of my 36 colonies of Italians, -one of which contained an imported -queen. They were all in the cellar; I -also lost all the implements necessary -to carry on the business, my house and -contents. This was “closing out” -rather unexpectedly, but I hope not to -remain out very long.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Wm. H. Travis.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Brandon, Mich., March 10, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bees_in_Good_Condition_Lashbrook" id="Bees_in_Good_Condition_Lashbrook"></a> -<b>Bees in Good Condition.</b>—Though there is a great loss -of bees hereabouts, mine are yet in good condition, and I hope they -will come out right in the spring. The Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee -Journal</span> I value more and more all the time.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Thomas Lashbrook.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Waverly, Iowa, March 11, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Lost_out_of_in_Wintering" id="Lost_out_of_in_Wintering"></a> -<b>Lost 8 out of 37 in Wintering.</b>—I put -37 colonies into winter quarters, all in -good condition except 4 or 5 small late -swarms, and as it was a poor season -for honey, they did not fill up; 29 were -packed under a shed, open to the south -and east. Before packing I removed -the outside frames and put in cushions -made by covering empty frames with -sacking and filling with chaff; also 2 -inches of the same on the top of the -racks. My loss to date is 3. I prepared -5 in the same manner, but left them on -the summer stands; lost 4. Two that -I was sure would starve if not fed, I removed -to a room over another where a -fire is kept, placed them at a window -and arranged a passage leading outside; -then, with wire cloth over the frames, I -can feed and examine without their flying -out. They are all right. One I left -on the summer stand with a set of section -boxes, unprotected, and it is very -strong. On March 9th my bees had -their first good flight since Oct. 25. I -had one colony in a box-hive; of course -they are dead. Total loss to date, 8 out -of 37. Nearly all are strong now. I am -with the majority when I say that the -Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> is a decided improvement. -Success to it.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Wm. Morhous.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Dearborn, Mich., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Sweet_Clover" id="Sweet_Clover"></a> -<b>Sweet Clover.</b>—Must the sweet clover -be sowed over again, or does it sow itself? -Please answer in the Weekly -<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, which I could not do -without. It is the best bee paper that -is published.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Lewis Siegman.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Newstadt, Ont., March 11, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>[A good “stand” of sweet clover will -sow itself, as there are generally some -seeds that do not catch the soil the first -season, but germinate the second. It -is more satisfactory, however, to plant -the second season about half the complement -put in the first, after which it -will bloom annually, and sow itself.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Had_a_Flight_in_January" id="Had_a_Flight_in_January"></a> -<b>Had a Flight in January.</b>—In the -winter of 1879 I put 30 colonies into my -cellar; but it was so warm that they -were uneasy and I put them back on -the summer stands. I lost 10 colonies; -I now have 20 colonies, facing the south, -sheltered by a board fence on the north -and covered with about 18 inches of -straw. About 10 days ago they had a -nice flight, and I covered them up -again. I think of building a house for -them facing the south, and boarding up -the other 3 sides; I will then cover the -hives with about 2 feet of straw, which -I can remove on a bright day and give -them a flight. I intend to leave the -straw on them until warm weather, and -thus aid them to keep warm for brood -rearing, &c. I wish the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> -success.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">T. Rice.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Lenox, Ill., Feb. 4, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Nearly_All_Dead" id="Nearly_All_Dead"></a> -<b>Nearly All Dead.</b>—Bees are nearly all -dead in this region. I had 33 colonies -last fall and now have but 10; a neighbor -had 40 and now has none; another -had 44 and now has 2; another had 75, -and 3 weeks ago they were reduced to -20. Several have lost all but 1 or 2, and -some have lost all.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Wm. S. Buchanan.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Hartford, Ind., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bokhara_Clover" id="Bokhara_Clover"></a> -<b>Bokhara Clover.</b>—Please answer the -following questions in the <span class="smcap">Journal</span>:</p> - -<p>1. When is the best time to sow Bokhara -clover?</p> - -<p>2. Should it be sown alone or with a -grain crop, or with other kinds of clover?</p> - -<p>3. Should it be cut for hay, pastured, -or kept for bees only?</p> - -<p>4. Which is the best kind of hive for -comb honey—a one-story with racks to -hold sections, or a two-story, with section -boxes put in cases in the upper -story?</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">John H. Heard.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Flesherton, Ont.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>[1. Early in spring is as good a time as -any for planting Bokhara, melilot or -sweet clover—we fail to discover any -difference in them.</p> - -<p>2. For bees alone, sow it alone.</p> - -<p>3. If desired for cattle or sheep, sow -it with timothy, letting them graze it, -as it blooms but little the first season; -afterward keep them off.</p> - -<p>4. One-story with rack is more easily -manipulated.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="An_Enthusiast" id="An_Enthusiast"></a> -<b>An Enthusiast.</b>—My apiary is located -on a hill-side sloping to the west, and -hives fronting south. The Macoupin -creek is ½ mile south of it, and several -sloughs within a mile, with plenty of -soft and hard maple, willows and cotton-wood. -I packed rags around and on top -of my 13 hives, on their summer stands, -on the 25th of October. The bees were -in good condition. Only one colony -gave any surplus; from that I took 40 -lbs., and left them 35. I examine my -bees every week and clean out the dead -ones. They had a good flight on the 13th -of December, and again on Feb. 22d, -when every colony had brood in all -stages, and No. 2 was crowded full of -young bees, and had a queen cell just -ready to put the egg in, which I took -off. Feb. 26th was a warm day, and No. -2 sent out a swarm; it was queenless, -however, so I sprinkled them with peppermint -water and united them with -No. 12, which was weak. I do not keep -bees for profit in dollars and cents, but -for pleasure, as I do love them. I am a -merchant, and own 275 acres of land, -but being an invalid, look to my bees -for recreation. In a radius of 4 miles -from my apiary, on Nov. 1st, there were -13 bee-owners, with a total of 73 colonies. -On the 1st inst. there were 19 colonies -left, and they were in bad condition. I -am the only one taking the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> -here—success to it.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">R. M. Osborn.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Kane, Ill., March 4, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bees_All_Dead" id="Bees_All_Dead"></a> -<b>Bees All Dead.</b>—I now send you my -report for the winter of 1880–81, which -will long be remembered by the bee-keepers -in this locality. I commenced -the winter with 9 colonies of bees, all -carefully packed in chaff on the summer -stands with plenty of nice sealed -honey. They were packed on the 13th -day of last Nov., and from that until -the present time (121 days) there has -not been a single day that the bees -could safely fly, and the consequence is -my bees are all dead, from the effects -of their long confinement. They left -plenty of honey, but the combs are -badly soiled. I am not discouraged, -however, and shall try again. A gentleman -living not far from here had -only 8 colonies left out of 39, 2 weeks -ago, and when spring condescends to -smile on us again we think it will not -need a returning board to count the -bees in this county. I am well pleased -with the new Weekly; it is always a -welcome visitor.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. R. Kilburn.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Fisher Station, Mich., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bees_Robbing" id="Bees_Robbing"></a> -<b>Bees Robbing.</b>—Here in Texas we -have had a severe winter, but not much -snow. The thermometer went down to -20° above zero. Last season was a poor -one for honey; we had a cold spell in -Nov.; then had warm weather for 2 -weeks, and my hybrid bees began to -rob. The pure Italians behaved well, -neither robbed nor let the others rob -them. I used water and kerosene oil, -but it was of no use; at last I hit upon -a remedy. My hives have the bottom -boards projecting in front. I ripped -out one-inch square pieces 5 inches -long, cut coarse wire cloth 2x6, bent it -lengthwise in the middle, tacked on -2 sides of each block, leaving wire about -5 inches to give them air; I drove a nail -through each end and nailed it in front -of each hive. Every 10 or 15 days when -the weather was fine, an hour before -night, I let them out to have a fly. We -have had fine weather for the last 2 -weeks. I let the bees out on Jan 30; -they have been busy carrying in pollen -from elm since Jan. 31, and have forgotten -their stealing propensities. I -opened some hives this evening and -found plenty of sealed brood, and will -have drones flying by Feb. 24.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. W. Eckman.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Richmond, Texas, Feb. 10, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Chloroform" id="Chloroform"></a> -<b>Chloroform.</b>—About 10 years ago I -used chloroform in handling bees, after -the following plan: I provided myself -with a tin slide about 5 inches long and -2 wide; punched a few holes in it, and -stitched on one side of it a pad of 3 or 4 -thicknesses of cotton cloth. Then after -closing all ventilators and entrances -except the lower one, I turned about -one teaspoonful of chloroform on the -pad and slipped it through the entrance, -and immediately closed the hive -with a wad of cloth, I then listened -carefully until the bees had nearly -ceased humming (or about 1 or 2 minutes) -and then opened the hive and -withdrew the slide. They were cross -hybrid Italians.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">P. F. Whitcomb.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Lancaster. Wis., March 5, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Test_for_Honey" id="Test_for_Honey"></a> -<b>Test for Honey.</b>—Bee-keepers need a -good honey test, to expose the “rag -syrup,” an admixture of honey and glucose, -with which the New York market -is flooded. In every grocery, meat market -and drug store there, can be found -cans of “Walker’s best honey,” labeled -“Greenpoint, N. Y.,” but there is not -much honey in it. Last fall I went into -a drug store there with 4 samples of my -best honey. They tested it, and what -they used turned it perfectly black. I -saw one of Walker’s cans of honey -there, and asked them to test that; they -did so, but the same drugs had no effect -whatever on that. They would not tell -me what they used to test it; but I -would like to have a good and simple -test given in the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">H. Richey.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Sing Sing, N. Y.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>[Pure green tea, well steeped, is used -by many to detect the presence of glucose -in honey. If the honey dissolves -without changing the color of the tea, -it is supposed to be pure. But in these -days of “enterprise,” it is frequently a -matter of doubt whether the tea is pure; -again, if, as is claimed, glucose is sometimes -manufactured without leaving -sulphuric acid or other deleterious substances -in it, then the tea would hardly -expose it when mixed with honey. Alcohol -is also used to detect the presence -of glucose; but besides being frequently -inconvenient to obtain, it requires considerable -skill in its use.</p> - -<p>Thousands of bee-keepers will unite -with us in thanking Prof. Kedzie, of -the Michigan Agricultural College, for -a simple test to detect adulterations in -honey and syrups, and instructions for -its application.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Threefourths_of_the_Bees_Dead" id="Threefourths_of_the_Bees_Dead"></a> -<b>Three-Fourths of the Bees Dead.</b>—The -present severe winter has killed ¾ of -the bees in this section. Bees have not -had a thorough cleansing flight since -Nov. 8. One apiary of 61 colonies, well -packed in chaff and plenty of good -stores, will not go through with over 50 -per cent. Mine have been confined in -the cellar for 118 days, have wintered -well so far, but are becoming uneasy.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">M. A. Gill.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Viola, Wis., March 13, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Mortality_of_Bees_in_House_and_Cellar" id="Mortality_of_Bees_in_House_and_Cellar"></a> -<b>Mortality of Bees in House and Cellar.</b>—I -put 60 colonies of bees in a house -and cellar last Nov.; 12 of them are -dead and I have taken out one-and-a-half -bushels of dead bees. Nearly all -have the dysentery. I cannot do without -the Weekly. I wish it much success.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Milo Munger.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Harvard, Ill., Mar. 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94"></a>[Pg 94]</span></p> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bees_Doing_Well" id="Bees_Doing_Well"></a><b>Bees Doing Well.</b>—My bees had a nice -flight on the 9th, 10th and 11th of this -month and are now doing well. It is -cold again to-day.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. R. Waggoner.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Grantville, Kan., March 12, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Dwindling_in_the_Cellar" id="Dwindling_in_the_Cellar"></a> -<b>Dwindling in the Cellar.</b>—I put 53 colonies -in the cellar, in good condition, -which are all alive but one; but there -are a great many dead bees on the bottom -of the cellar—more than I ever -knew before. I gather them up and -carry them away occasionally, to prevent -their tainting the air. Will the -loss of so many weaken the colonies, -and what is the cause of it? My bees -have not seen the light this winter, yet -they seem all right excepting the loss of -so many on the cellar bottom.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Wm. F. Standish.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Evansville, Wis., March 9, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>[If the colonies were very strong, the -loss may not be appreciable. The cause -may be attributed to age of the bees -when put away, and subsequent long -confinement; or the cellar may have -been too warm at times, and the bees -become uneasy.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Contradictory_Experience" id="Contradictory_Experience"></a> -<b>Contradictory Experience.</b>—The poor -bees have suffered dreadfully in this -locality, and the circumstances and conditions -under which some have perished -and others survived the past trying season, -are so varied that I am quite at a -loss what to think about bee preservation -during the winter season. I had 12 -colonies last fall; I packed 6 with chaff -6 inches thick around them, and have 1 -colony left of the lot. There is honey -in the combs, but the bees are all dead. -I put 3 colonies in the cellar; 2 of them -are alive, but in a bad condition, the -combs being dirty and moldy. I left 3 -on the summer stands, and 1 is yet alive. -None died for want of honey; there was -plenty of food for them in the hives. -The 6 were put into the chaff in the latter -part of November, and taken out on -the 8th of March. The combs look -clean and free from mold. About a -week before I took them out of the chaff -I had taken off the front boards, and -finding the bees alive, shut them up -again. Upon taking them out this was -the only colony that was alive. When -I took the chaff off, the bees were -crowded around the entrance ready to -fly, which they did at once, and had a -lively time until they were driven inside -by the approach of night. Do you think -the other 5 colonies were dead the first -time I looked at them? They had a -passage through the chaff 1 inch high -by 4 wide. A friend of mine here had -4 colonies wintered outside, with an old -piece of sail-cloth over them, and only -lost one, while old bee-keepers, with -between 50 and 100 colonies, have lost -one half, and others have lost all.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">F. A. Hutt.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">South Bend, Ont., March 11, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>[Your question is a stunner; we have -no data on which to base an intelligent -opinion.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Wintered_Without_Loss" id="Wintered_Without_Loss"></a> -<b>Wintered Without Loss.</b>—My 27 colonies -came through the winter without -the loss of a single one, for which I can -thank 4 or 5 colonies of Italians, for -without them I should not have had -honey enough to have kept them -through, even a moderate winter, to -say nothing of such a stinger as we -have had. I have withheld my opinion -in regard to the change in the <span class="smcap">Journal</span> -from a monthly to a weekly till I had -tried it a couple of months, and will now -say that it would be a great disappointment -if you were to go back to a -monthly. I am glad that you have so -often devoted your first page in each -number to the subject of bee-pasturage, -for that is, or should be, our leading -study now, till we are on surer ground. -The best way to make bee-keeping popular -is to make it pay; and it will pay if -we can get the pasturage every year. I -would rather have a tip-top honey plant -than an Apis dorsata, if it had a tongue -long enough to lick the molasses out of -the bottom of a 5 gallon keg. We shall -have plenty of white clover this year.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Wm. Camm.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Murrayville, Ill., March 12, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bees_Uneasy_in_the_Cellar" id="Bees_Uneasy_in_the_Cellar"></a> -<b>Bees Uneasy in the Cellar.</b>—This has -been a very hard winter for bees in this -section of the country. Nearly all the -bees are dead that were left on the summer -stands. I have 40 colonies in the -cellar, all alive but restless. They need -a cleansing flight very much. The -Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> pleases me very -much.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Chas. H. Dow.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Freedom, N. Y., March 12, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Much_Better_than_Expected" id="Much_Better_than_Expected"></a> -<b>Bees Much Better Than Expected.</b>—My -bees are much better than I had any -reason to expect. I left them on their -summer stands, and did not even take -the tops off, but I have them all off now. -I had about 80 and now have 70 colonies -in good shape. I find I must either attend -to my bees or quit the business, -and have made arrangements with a -friend who has about the same quantity, -who will take charge. We shall -call it the “Gipsy Apiary,” and our -motto will be, “if the honey will not -come to us we will go to the honey.” -Mr. Heddon thinks it won’t pay to -move for honey, and he is pretty good -authority, but we will try. Keep us -posted through the <span class="smcap">Journal</span> where is -the best place to sell honey. Keep the -ball rolling in the suppression of adulterated -honey, as well as other adulterations.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">I. H. Shimer.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Hillsboro, Ill., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Have_Young_Bees_and_Brood" id="Have_Young_Bees_and_Brood"></a> -<b>Have Young Bees and Brood.</b>—I put -15 colonies of bees into winter quarters -and now have 13 in fair condition; some -had young bees 2 weeks ago, and all of -them have brood. The last 2 years have -been very poor for bees; the last the -worst, being followed by such a cold and -long winter. About one half of the -bees in this locality are dead.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">G. M. Givan.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Moore’s Hill, Ind., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bees_In_the_Cellar_Days" id="Bees_In_the_Cellar_Days"></a> -<b>Bees in the Cellar 135 Days.</b>—I carried -22 colonies of bees out for a flight on -March 8. This is the first suitable day -for bees to fly there has been here -since they were put in the cellar on the -last of Oct. They came through the 4½ -months’ confinement very well, except -2 or 3 third-rate colonies that had more -hive room than they could well keep -warm through this cold winter, and now -they seem to be somewhat reduced in -numbers. The day was rather cold, -snow did not soften in the shade but -the sun shone brightly, “the winds were -asleep,” and the bees seemed to enjoy -the fray, but left a good number of the -slain on untrodden snow. They were -returned to the cellar at night and will -be supplied with water in their hives, -hoping to secure the starting of a good -cluster of brood before they are placed -on their summer stands, about the 1st -of May. I usually keep them in confinement -without a flight for 5 or 6 months, -with good results, but in 1879 brood -rearing ceased about the 1st of Sept.; -the hives were destitute of brood when -carried out, April 18, and although the -hives filled rapidly with brood, before it -began to hatch nearly all the old bees -were dead, giving me the most disastrous -case of spring dwindling that I -have known in an experience of 25 -years. I hope to avoid such losses in -the future.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">A. Webster.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">E. Roxbury, Vt., March 10, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="The_Best_Honey_for_Winter" id="The_Best_Honey_for_Winter"></a> -<b>The Best Honey for Winter.</b>—By this -time I presume all the readers of the -<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> know that the winter -has been quite severe—about as destructive -to the older people as to bees. -Bella Lincoln, the oldest bee-keeper in -this section of the country, died this -winter; and since then nearly all of his -100 colonies of bees have also died. My -60 colonies are in the cellar with chaff -over the frames; some are dead, and -the entrances to others are soiled, indicating -dysentery. Several which had -sealed honey stored in the summer are -all right. Some worked on a cider -mill, but if they have good sealed honey -I do not think it makes so much difference -about the kind of winter. I like -the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, because it -“enthuses” me every time I read it. -In any kind of business one needs some -enthusiasm, at least once a week.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">C. F. Smith, Jr.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Vandalia, Mich., March 12, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote><p><a name="Carrying_in_Pollen" id="Carrying_in_Pollen"></a> -<b>Carrying in Pollen.</b>—My 5 colonies of -bees wintered well on summer stands, in -double-walled Langstroth hives. They -are carrying in dark pollen to-day; I -think they get it from the maple.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">H. H. Littell.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Louisville, Ky., March 5, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="ChaffPacking_of_Bees_Triumphant" id="ChaffPacking_of_Bees_Triumphant"></a> -<b>Chaff-Packing of Bees Triumphant.</b>—The -winter has been a severe one everywhere. -Since the 1st of Nov. until the -first days of this month my bees had not -had a flight. I live in a very high altitude, -about the highest good land in -the State. The winter begins early and -lasts long. We have an abundance of -snow now and it is blustering wildly to-day. -I despaired of seeing my bees -come out alive; they were covered solidly -with snow for 3 months, only the -tops of the hives being visible. At last -the weather softened and I dug away -the snow. The next day or 2 the sun -came out warmly and my bees began to -fly, and greatly to my happy disappointment -they are all alive—all that I had -out on the summer stands. One only -was dull, which I examined and found -enfeebled with dysentery, arising from -the feed I gave them in the fall. All -others were strong. Just 122 days had -intervened between the flights. The -sick colony has since died, but the -others are in the best condition. This -success is a tribute to the chaff-packed -hive. Is there another record of 122 -days’ confinement and yet come out -strong?</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">W. S. Blaisdell.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Randolph, Vt., March 11, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Look_Out_for_the_Robbers" id="Look_Out_for_the_Robbers"></a> -<b>Look out for the Robbers.</b>—We have -had a very hard winter on bees in this -section of the country. Bees that were -not properly packed for winter are -nearly all dead, while those that were -properly packed are nearly all in good -condition. We are having good weather -now and the bees are flying nicely. -Those having weak colonies and hives -of combs without bees will have to look -out for robbers and keep their small -colonies crowded upon as few combs as -they can, keeping the entrance contracted, -so that only 1 or 2 bees can enter -at one time. Hives in which the -bees have died should be closed tightly. -The Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> is a welcome -visitor. I could not think of doing -without it.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. A. Osborne.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Rantoul, Ill., March 17, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Twothirds_of_the_Bees_have_Died" id="Twothirds_of_the_Bees_have_Died"></a> -<b>Two-thirds of the Bees have Died.</b>—Over -⅔ of all the bees in this part of -the State are now dead. I have met -with a heavy loss, on account of a cider -mill that was within 80 rods of my -apiary last fall.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Hiram Roop.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Carson City, Mich., March 12, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Bees_in_Good_Condition_Bull" id="Bees_in_Good_Condition_Bull"></a><b>Bees in Good Condition.</b>—We put out -on the summer stands on the 9th and 10th -of March, 150 of our 200 colonies that -we had in the cellars in good condition. -These were the first days that bees -could fly with safety since the first of -Nov. We have 50 colonies more in one -cellar, but as they seem to be doing -well, we shall leave them in until it becomes -settled weather. We left 9 colonies -on their summer stands but the -winter was so long and severe that -we could not feed them and 3 of them -starved. Now we are busy transferring, -that is shaking the bees off the combs, -cleaning them off and putting them into -clean hives. If we find any not strong -enough we double them up. We consider -ourselves nearly masters of the -wintering question, as our real losses -for the last 10 years, we think, would -not exceed 6 per cent.; in fact we did -not lose a colony in winter or spring, -until the number had reached about -100. The <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> is a welcome -Weekly visitor.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">T. S. Bull & Son.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Valparaiso, Ind., March 15, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Death_Reigns_among_the_Bees" id="Death_Reigns_among_the_Bees"></a> -<b>Death Reigns among the Bees.</b>—Having -made some inquiry concerning the -bees within a radius of about 2 miles, I -find some bee-keepers, some who keep -bees, and those that let the bees keep -themselves. Mr. H. had 3 colonies, all -are dead; Mr. L. had 7, one left; Mr. D. -left his 11 colonies without protection -and now has 11 empty hives for sale; -Mr. B. let the winters’ blast try his 20 -colonies and now has 12 empty hives; -Mr. F. packed 37 in chaff and has 11 -left; Mr. A. put up 57 in complete order, -but with all his precaution all are dead; -Mr. B. put into winter quarters 73 colonies -of fine Italians, 58 of them are -dead. I packed in clover-chaff 101 colonies, -and 23 have gone the way of all -the earth. My bees were confined in -their hives from Oct. 20 until March 6. -I packed 24 in Langstroth hives with -space the whole width of hive left open, -to give plenty of fresh air, yet at the -same time warm, with a due amount of -packing, and in this lot have not lost -one colony, and very few bees; but the -end is not yet. To-day I found young -bees with brood in all stages.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">G. W. Naftzger.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">South Haven, Mich., March 17, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="No_Loss_in_Wintering" id="No_Loss_in_Wintering"></a> -<b>No Loss In Wintering.</b>—Nearly all the -bees in this vicinity that were left to -care for themselves are extinct. I had -14 colonies packed comfortably in chaff -before the cold weather commenced, -and have not lost any yet. I am highly -pleased with the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, -and wish it great success.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. P. Moore.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Morgan, Ky., March 14, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Poor_Season_but_Fair_Profit" id="Poor_Season_but_Fair_Profit"></a> -<b>Poor Season but Fair Profit.</b>—After -selling my surplus colonies, I commenced -the season of 1880 with 37 colonies -in fair condition; increased by -division and natural swarming to 63, -and 12 nuclei. I reared 30 Cyprian and -Italian queens; had 100 Gallup frames -of foundation drawn out, and extracted -400 lbs. of honey. Estimating the increase -at $6 per colony, and deducting -the expenses, my income for care and -labor is $250, or about $6.50 for each -colony in the spring. I put 75 colonies, -in fair condition (including the 12 nuclei), -into winter quarters Dec. 8; some -were short of stores, and all had poor -honey. On March 1st I found 8 colonies -and 4 nuclei dead—4 starved and 8 died -from the effect of poor honey and long -confinement. More of them are diseased -and must have a flight soon or die. -With the loss of stock already mentioned, -and allowing for more to follow, -the credit will be cut down to $3.50 per -colony. The season has been the poorest -I ever knew, but even $3.50 is a fair -profit on the investment. White clover -gave no honey; basswood lasted only 10 -days, but yielded well; had it lasted 2 -weeks longer I should have had an average -yield of honey for the season. -Without this flow of basswood honey, -the bees must have been fed, but now -they have enough stores to carry them -through till spring. As the heavy snows -have no doubt preserved the clover, the -outlook for honey this summer is good. -I hardly need say that I am pleased -with the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">T. E. Turner.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Sussex, Wis., March 1, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<blockquote> -<p><a name="Planting_Buckwheat_for_a_Honey_Yield" id="Planting_Buckwheat_for_a_Honey_Yield"></a> -<b>Planting Buckwheat for a Honey Yield.</b>—In -answer to Mr. A. Hodges, on page -78, I will say that buckwheat is a peculiar -plant about yielding honey. I have -never known it to fail here in yielding -enough honey for the bees’ winter -stores, and usually very much more; in -other localities in the same latitude, it -cannot be relied on at all for a honey -crop. It seems, however, that it never -yields through the entire season in -which it can be made to bloom. Quite -a large amount of it is cultivated every -season in my vicinity, much of it generally -coming into full bloom as early as -the middle of July, yet I have never -known it to yield any honey earlier than -the 1st of August, and very rarely before -the 10th; but when it commences to -yield honey, it does so profusely until -the plant itself is ripe, or killed by frost. -I would say to Mr. Hodges, or any one -else intending the sowing of successive -crops of buckwheat, that it is useless to -sow any early in the season, to blossom -before the 1st of August. I am intending -to sow about 20 acres of it this season -for my bees. I shall put the first -crop of it in the ground about June 25; -the rest about July 10. That from the -last sowing will remain in bloom until -frost comes, even if that is delayed later -than ordinary.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">O. O. Poppleton.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">Williamstown, Iowa, March 9, 1881.</p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95"></a>[Pg 95]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak"><a name="Local_Convention_Directory" id="Local_Convention_Directory"></a>Local Convention Directory.</h2> - -<div class="conventionborder"> -<p><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1881.</span><span class="linespace4"><i>Time and Place of Meeting.</i></span><br /> -<br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">April 2—S. W. Iowa, at Corning, Iowa.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">5—Central Kentucky, at Winchester, Ky.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Wm. Williamson, Sec., Lexington, Ky.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">7—Union Association, at Eminence, Ky.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">E. Drane, Sec. pro tem., Eminence, Ky.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">7—N. W. Ohio, at Delta, Ohio.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 3em;">13—N. W. Missouri, at St. Joseph, Mo.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">D. G. Parker, Pres., St. Joseph. Mo.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">May 4—Tuscarawas and Muskingum Valley, at Cambridge,</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Guernsey Co., O.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 7em;">J. A. Bucklew, Sec., Clarks, O.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">5—Central Michigan, at Lansing. Mich.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 3em;">10—Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">C. M. Bean, Sec., McGrawville, N. Y.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 3em;">11—S. W. Wisconsin, at Darlington, Wis.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">N. E. France, Sec., Platteville, Wis.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">12, 13—Texas Bee-Keepers’ Association, at McKinney,</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Collin Co., Texas.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 7em;">W. R. Howard, Sec., Kingston, Hunt Co., Tex.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sept. — —National, at Lexington, Ky.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">—Kentucky State, at Louisville, Ky.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Oct. 18—Ky. State, in Exposition B’d’g, Louisville, Ky.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 6em;">W. Williamson, Sec., Lexington, Ky.</span><br /> -</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> In order to have this Table complete, Secretaries -are requested to forward full particulars of time -and place of future meetings.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak"><a name="CLUBBING_LIST" id="CLUBBING_LIST"></a>CLUBBING LIST.</h2> - -<p>We supply the Weekly <b>American Bee Journal</b> -and any of the following periodicals, for 1881, at the -prices quoted in the last column of figures. The -first column gives the regular price of both:</p> - -<table summary="bee-journal"> -<tr> -<th class="tdr"> </th> -<th class="tdr"><i>Publishers’ Price.</i></th> -<th class="tdr"><i> Club.</i></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">The Weekly Bee Journal (T. G. Newman)</td> -<td class="tdr"> </td> -<td class="tdr">$2 00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">and Gleanings in Bee-Culture (A. I. Root)</td> -<td class="tdr">3 00</td> -<td class="tdr">2 75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> Bee-Keepers’ Magazine (A. J. King)</td> -<td class="tdr">3 00</td> -<td class="tdr">2 60</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> Bee-Keepers’ Exchange (J. H. Nellis)</td> -<td class="tdr">2 75</td> -<td class="tdr">2 50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> The 4 above-named papers</td> -<td class="tdr">4 75</td> -<td class="tdr">3 75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> Bee-Keepers’ Instructor (W. Thomas)</td> -<td class="tdr">2 50</td> -<td class="tdr">2 35</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> Bee-Keepers’ Guide (A. G. Hill)</td> -<td class="tdr">2 50</td> -<td class="tdr">2 35</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> The 6 above-named papers</td> -<td class="tdr">5 75</td> -<td class="tdr">5 00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> Prof. Cook’s Manual (bound in cloth)</td> -<td class="tdr">3 25</td> -<td class="tdr">3 00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> Bee-Culture (T. G. Newman)</td> -<td class="tdr">2 40</td> -<td class="tdr">2 25</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="p1"> -<p>For Semi-monthly Bee Journal, $1.00 less.</p> -<p>For Monthly Bee Journal, $1.50 less.</p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak"><a name="Honey_and_Beeswax_Market" id="Honey_and_Beeswax_Market"></a>Honey and Beeswax Market.</h2> - -<p class="center">BUYERS’ QUOTATIONS.</p> - -<div class="topspace2"> -<p class="center">CHICAGO.</p> -</div> - -<p>HONEY.—The market is plentifully supplied with -honey, and sales are slow at weak, easy prices. Quotable -at 18@20c. for strictly choice white comb in 1 -and 2 lb. boxes; at 14@16c. for fair to good in large -packages, and at 10@12c. for common dark-colored -and broken lots. Extracted, 8@10c.</p> - -<p>BEESWAX.—Choice yellow, 20@23c.; dark, 15@17.</p> - -<div class="topspace2"> -<p class="center">NEW YORK.</p> -</div> - -<p>HONEY.—Best white comb honey, small neat -packages, 14@16c.; fair do., 14@16c.; dark do., 11@12; -large boxes sell for about 2c. under above. White -extracted, 9@10c.; dark, 7@8c.; southern strained, -80@85c.</p> - -<p>BEESWAX.—Prime quality, 20@23c.</p> - -<div class="topspace2"> -<p class="center">CINCINNATI.</p> -</div> - -<p>HONEY.—The market for extracted clover honey -is good, at 8@10c. Comb honey is of slow sale at 16c. -for the best.</p> - -<p>BEESWAX.—18@22c.</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -<span class="smcap">C. F. MUTH.</span><br /> -</p> - - -<p class="center">SAN FRANCISCO.</p> - -<p>HONEY.—The “Vigilant” takes 600 cases to Liverpool. -There is a slightly improved feeling consequent -upon a little more inquiry, but prices show no -material appreciation. Discouraging reports are received -from the southern part of the State, as to the -prospects of the coming crop, but other sections give -promise of an abundant yield. With a good supply -yet on the market, prices are not apt to be buoyant -until the anticipated failure is more fully settled. -We quote white comb, 12@13c.; dark to good, 9@11c. -Extracted, choice to extra white, 5½@6½c.; dark and -candied, 5@5½c.</p> - -<p>BEESWAX.—22@22½c., as to color.</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -<span class="smcap">Stearns & Smith</span>, 423 Front Street.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">San Francisco, Cal., March 11, 1881.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak"><a name="SPECIAL_NOTICES" id="SPECIAL_NOTICES"></a>SPECIAL NOTICES.</h2> - - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Constitutions and By-Laws for -local Associations $2 per 100. The name -of the Association printed in the blanks -for 50 cents extra.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> “What is the meaning of ‘Dec. -81’ after my name on the direction-label -of my paper?” This question -has been asked by several, and to save -answering each one, let us here say: It -means that you have paid for the full -year, or until “Dec. 31, 1881.” “June -81” means that the first half of the -year is paid for, up to “July 1st.” Any -other month, the same.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We will send sample copies to any -who feel disposed to make up clubs for -1881. There are persons keeping bees -in every neighborhood who would be -benefited by reading the <span class="smcap">Journal</span>, -and by using a little of the personal influence -possessed by almost every one, -a club can be gotten up in every neighborhood -in America. Farmers have -had large crops, high prices, and a good -demand for all the products of the -farm, therefore can well afford to add -the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> to their list of -papers for 1881.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hundreds of Men, Women and Children</span> -rescued from beds of pain, sickness -and almost death and made strong and -hearty by Parker’s Ginger Tonic are the -best evidences in the world of its sterling -worth. You can find these in every community.—<span class="smcap">Post.</span> -See advertisement. 9w4t</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> When changing a post-office address, -mention the <i>old</i> address as well -as the new one.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We have prepared Ribbon Badges -for bee-keepers, on which are printed a -large bee in gold. Price 10 cents each, -or $8.00 per hundred.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The Volume of the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> -for 1880, bound in stiff paper -covers, will be sent by mail, for $1.50.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Notices and advertisements intended -for the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> -must reach this office by Friday of the -week previous.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Instead of sending silver money in -letters, procure 1, 2 or 3 cent stamps. -We can use them, and it is safer to send -such than silver.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ladies who Appreciate Elegance</span> -and purity are using Parker’s Hair Balsam. -It is the best article sold for restoring gray -hair to its original color and beauty.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The date following the name on -the wrapper label of this paper indicates -the time to which you have paid. In -making remittances, <i>always</i> send by -postal order, registered letter, or by -draft on Chicago or New York. Drafts -on other cities, and local checks, are not -taken by the banks in this city except -at a discount of 25c., to pay expense of -collecting them.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Premiums.</span>—For a club of 2, <i>weekly</i> -we will give a copy of “Bee-Culture;” -for a club of 5, <i>weekly</i>, we will give a -copy of “Cook’s Manual,” bound in -cloth; for a club of 6, we give a copy of -the <span class="smcap">Journal</span> for a year <i>free</i>. Do not -forget that it will pay to devote a few -hours to the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Sample copies of the Weekly -<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> will be sent <i>free</i> to any -names that may be sent in. Any one -intending to get up a club can have -sample copies sent to the persons they -desire to interview, by sending the -names to this office.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Any one desiring to get a copy of -the Constitution and By-Laws of the -National Society, can do so by sending -a stamp to this office to pay postage. If -they desire to become members, a fee -of $1.00 should accompany it, and the -name will be duly recorded. This notice -is given at the request of the Executive -Committee.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> It would save us much trouble, if -all would be particular to give their P.O. -address and name, when writing to -this office. We have several letters -(some inclosing money) that have no -name. Many others having no Post-office, -County or State. Also, if you -live near one post-office and get your -mail at another, be sure to give the address -we have on our list.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> At the Chicago meeting of the National -Society we were requested to get -photographs of the leading apiarists, to -sell to those who wanted them. We can -now supply the following at 25 cents -each: Dzierzon, the Baron of Berlepsch, -and Langstroth. The likeness -of Mr. Langstroth we have copied, is one -furnished by his daughter, who says, -“it is the only one ever taken when he -was in good health and spirits.” We -are glad to be able to secure one of such -a satisfactory nature.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We have filled orders for quite a -number of Binders for the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee -Journal</span>. We put the price low, 30 -per cent. less than any one else could -afford to sell them, for we get them by -the quantity at wholesale and sell them -at just enough to cover the cost and -postage, the latter being 21 to 23 cents, -on each. We do this to induce as many -as possible to get them, and preserve -their Weekly numbers. They are exceedingly -convenient; the <span class="smcap">Journal</span> -being always bound and handy for -reference. The directions for binding -are sent with each one.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i007.png" width="400" height="238" alt="" /> -<div class="caption">GREGORY’S SEED CATALOGUE.</div> -</div> - -<p class="center"> -<b>My Annual Catalogue of Vegetable and -Flower Seed for 1881</b>, rich in engravings from -photographs of the originals, will be sent FREE to -all who apply. My old customers need not write for -it. I offer one of the largest collections of vegetable -seed ever sent out by any Seed House in America, -a large portion of which were grown on my six -seed farms. <i>Full directions for cultivation on each -package.</i> All seed <i>warranted to be both fresh and true -to name</i>, so far, that should it prove otherwise, <i>I will -refill the order gratis</i>. The original introducer of the -Hubbard Squash, Phinney’s Melon, Marblehead Cabbages, -Mexican Corn, and scores of other vegetables. -I invite the patronage of <i>all who are anxious to have -their seed directly from the grower, fresh, true, and of -the very best strain</i>.</p> - -<p class="center xlarge"><b>NEW VEGETABLES A SPECIALTY.</b><br /> -<span class="smaller">12m5</span> JAMES J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass. -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxxlarge"><b>Valuable Book</b></p> - -<p class="center large">Of Over a Thousand Pages.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>The Crowning Culmination! A $5 Book for</i> <b>$2.50</b>!!</p> - -<p class="center large"><b>MOORE’S UNIVERSAL ASSISTANT</b>,</p> - -<div class="figleft"> -<img src="images/i008.png" width="50" height="50" alt="" /> -</div> - -<div class="figright"> -<img src="images/i009.png" width="50" height="50" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center"><i>And Complete Mechanic,</i></p> - -<p>Enlarged Edition, contains over -<b>1,000,000</b> Industrial Facts, Calculations, -Processes, Trade Secrets, Legal -Items, Business Forms, etc., of vast utility to every -Mechanic, Farmer, and Business Man. Gives 200,000 items -for Gas, Steam, Civil and Mining Engineers, Machinists, -Millers, Blacksmiths, Founders, Miners, Metallurgists, -Assayers, Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, Bronzers, -Gilders, Metal and Wood Workers of every kind, Builders, -Manuf’r’s and Mechanics. 500 <span class="smcap">Engravings</span> of Mill, -Steam, and Mining Machinery, Tools, Sheet Metal -Work, Mechanical Movements, Plans of Mills, Roofs, -Bridges, etc. Arrangement and Speed of Wheels, -Pulleys, Drums, Belts, Saws, Boring, Turning, Planing, -& Drilling Tools, Flour, Oatmeal, Saw, Shingle Paper, -Cotton, Woolen & Fulling Mill Machinery, Sugar, Oil, -Marble, Threshing & Rolling Mill, do., Cotton Gins, -Presses, &c. Strength of Teeth, Shafting, Belting Friction, -Lathe Gearing, Screw Cutting, Finishing Engine -Building, Repairing and Operating, Setting of Valves, -Eccentrics, Link & Valve Motion, Steam Packing, Pipe -& Boiler Covering, Scale Preventives, Steam Heating, -Ventilation, Gas & Water Works, Hydraulics, Mill Dams, -Horse Power of Streams, etc. On Blast Furnaces, Iron -& Steel Manufacture, Prospecting and Exploring for -Minerals, Quartz and Placer Mining, Assaying, Amalgamating, -etc. 461 <span class="smcap">Tables</span> with 500,000 Calculations -in all possible forms for Mechanics, Merchants and -Farmers, 800 items for Printers, Publishers and -Writers for the Press. 1,000 items for Grocers, Confectioners, -Physicians, Druggists, etc. 300 Health -items. 500 do. for Painters, Varnishers, Gilders, -etc. 500 do. for Watchmakers & Jewelers. 400 do. for -Hunters, Trappers, Tanners, Leather & Rubber Work. -Navigation, Telegraphy, Photography, Book-keeping, -etc., in detail. Strength of Materials, Effects of Heat, -Fuel Values, Specific Gravities, Freights by rail and -water—a Car Load, Stowage in Ships, Power of Steam, -Water, Wind, Shrinkage of Castings, etc. 10,000 items -for Housekeepers, Farmers, Gardeners, Stock Owners, -Bee-keepers, Lumbermen, etc. Fertilizers, full details, -Rural Economy, Food Values, Care of Stock. Remedies -for do., to increase Crops, Pest Poisons, Training Horses, -Steam Power on Farms. <span class="smcap">Lightning Calculator</span> for -Cubic Measures, Ready Reckoner, Produce, Rent, Board, -Wages, Interest, Coal & Tonnage Tables. Land, Grain, -Hay, & Cattle Measurement. Seed, Ploughing, Planting -& Breeding Tables, Contents of Granaries, Cribs. Tanks, -Cisterns, Boilers, Logs, Boards, Scantling, etc., <i>at sight</i>. -Business Forms, all kinds, Special Laws of 49 States, Territories -and Provinces (in the U.S. and Canada), relating -to the Coll. of Debts, Exemptions from Forced Sale, -Mechanics’ Lien, the Jurisdiction of Courts, Sale of Real -Estate, Rights of Married Women, Interest and Usury -Laws, Limitation of Actions, etc.</p> - -<p class="center">“Forms complete treatises on the different subjects.”—<i>Sci. Am.</i></p> - -<p>The work contains 1,016 pages, is a veritable Treasury -of Useful Knowledge, and worth its weight in gold to any -Mechanic, Business Man, or Farmer. Free by mail, in -fine cloth, for $2.50; in leather, for $3.50. Address:</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">For Sale by</p> -<p class="sig5"><b>THOMAS C. NEWMAN.</b><br /> -974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL.<br /> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xlarge">“American Apiary” for Sale.</p> - -<p>About <b>150 Colonies of Bees</b>, in fair condition, -in Langstroth hives; honey and wax extractors, -empty combs, and the usual implements of an apiary.</p> - -<p>Will sell for cash or trade for land.</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -<b>PAUL DUNKEN</b>,<br /> -Freeman, Cass Co., Mo.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">0eow3t</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="xxlarge"><b>Agents</b></span> Furnisht pleasant, profitable employment.<br /> -<span class="sig-left6">Local Printing House, Silver Creek, N. Y.</span></p> - -<p class="sig-left2">9y1</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="drop-cap"><b>HONEY WANTED.</b>—I desire to purchase several -barrels of dark extracted honey, and a few -of light; also Comb Honey. Those having any for -sale are invited to correspond, giving particulars.</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -<b>ALFRED H. NEWMAN</b><br /> -972 West Madison street, CHICAGO ILL.<br /> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xlarge"><b>THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL,<br /> -AND BEE-KEEPER’S ADVISER.</b></p> - -<p>The <i>British Bee Journal</i> is published monthly at -$1.75, and contains the best practical information for -the time being, showing what to do, and when and -how to do it. <b>C. N. ABBOTT</b>, Bee Master,</p> -<p class="center">School of Apiculture, Fairlawn, Southall, London.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i010.png" width="400" height="52" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center">SEEDS FOR HONEY PLANTS</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p>A full variety of all kinds, including Melilot, Alsike -and White Clover, Mammoth Mignonette, &c. For -prices and instructions for planting, see my Illustrated -Catalogue,—sent free upon application.</p> - -<p class="center"><b>ALFRED H. NEWMAN,</b></p> -<p class="center">972 West Madison St., Chicago, Ill.<br /> -</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3 class="nobreak"><a name="Books_for_BeeKeepers" id="Books_for_BeeKeepers"></a> -Books for Bee-Keepers.</h3> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p><b>Cook’s Manual of the Apiary.</b>—Entirely rewritten, -greatly enlarged and elegantly illustrated, -and is fully up with the times on every conceivable -subject that interests the apiarist. It is not only instructive, -but intensely interesting and thoroughly -practical. The book is a masterly production, and -one that no bee-keeper, however limited his means, -can afford to do without. Cloth, <b>$1.25</b>; paper covers, -<b>$1.00</b>, postpaid. Per dozen, by express, cloth, -$12.; paper, $9.50.</p> - -<p><b>Quinby’s New Bee-Keeping</b>, by L. C. Root.—The -author has treated the subject of bee-keeping -in a manner that cannot fail to interest all. Its style -is plain and forcible, making all its readers sensible -of the fact that the author is really the master of the -subject. Price, <b>$1.50</b>.</p> - -<p><b>Novice’s A B C of Bee-Culture</b>, by A. I. Root. -This embraces “everything pertaining to the care of -the honey bee,” and is valuable to beginners and -those more advanced. Cloth, <b>$1.25</b>; paper, <b>$1.00</b>.</p> - -<p><b>King’s Bee-Keepers’ Text-Book</b>, by A. J. -King.—This edition is revised and brought down to -the present time. Cloth, <b>$1.00</b>; paper, <b>75c.</b></p> - -<p><b>Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee.</b> -This is a standard scientific work. Price, <b>$2.00</b>.</p> - -<p><b>Blessed Bees</b>, by John Allen.—A romance of -bee-keeping, full of practical information and contagious -enthusiasm. Cloth, <b>$1.00</b>.</p> - -<p><b>Bee-Culture; or Successful Management -of the Apiary</b>, by Thomas G. Newman.—This -pamphlet embraces the following subjects: The Location -of the Apiary—Honey Plants—Queen Rearing—Feeding—Swarming—Dividing—Transferring—Italianizing—Introducing -Queens—Extracting—Quieting -and Handling Bees—The Newest Method of Preparing -Honey for Market, etc. It is published in <b>English</b> -and <b>German</b>. Price for either edition, <b>40 -cents</b>, postpaid, or $3.00 per dozen.</p> - -<p><b>Food Adulteration</b>; What we eat and should -not eat. This book should be in every family, where -it ought to create a sentiment against the adulteration -of food products, and demand a law to protect -consumers against the many health-destroying adulterations -offered as food. 200 pages. Paper, <b>50c.</b></p> - -<p><b>The Dzierzon Theory</b>;—presents the fundamental -principles of bee-culture, and furnishes a -condensed statement of the facts and arguments by -which they are demonstrated. Price, <b>15 cents</b>.</p> - -<p><b>Honey, as Food and Medicine</b>, by Thomas G. -Newman.—This is a pamphlet of 24 pages, discoursing -upon the Ancient History of Bees and Honey; the -nature, quality, sources, and preparation of Honey -for the Market; Honey as an article of food, giving -recipes for making Honey Cakes, Cookies, Puddings, -Foam, Wines, &c.; and Honey as Medicine, followed -by many useful Recipes. It is intended for consumers, -and should be scattered by thousands all over -the country, and thus assist in creating a demand for -honey. Published in <b>English</b> and <b>German</b>. Price -for either edition, <b>6c.</b>; per dozen, <b>50c.</b></p> - -<p><b>Wintering Bees.</b>—This pamphlet contains all -the Prize Essays on this important subject that were -read before the Centennial Bee-Keepers’ Association. -The Prize—$25 in gold—was awarded to Prof. -Cook’s Essay, which is given in full. Price, <b>10c.</b></p> - -<p><b>The Hive I Use.</b>—Being a description of the hive -used by G. M. Doolittle. Price, <b>5c.</b></p> - -<p><b>Extracted Honey; Harvesting, Handling -and Marketing.</b>—A 24–page pamphlet, by Ch. & -C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, Ill. This gives in detail the -methods and management adopted in their apiary. -It contains many good and useful hints, and is well -worth the price—<b>15c.</b></p> - -<p><b>Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers</b>, by Chas. F. -Muth, Cincinnati, Ohio; 32 pages. This pamphlet -gives Mr. Muth’s views on the management of bees, -and embraces several of his essays given at Conventions, -etc. It will be read with interest by beginners -as well as those more advanced in the science of bee-culture. -Price, <b>10c.</b></p> - -<p><b>Kendall’s Horse Book.</b>—No book can be more -useful to horse owners. It has 35 engravings, illustrating -positions of sick horses, and treats all diseases -in a plain and comprehensive manner. It has a large -number of good recipes, a table of doses, and much -other valuable horse information. Paper, <b>25c.</b></p> - -<p><b>Chicken Cholera</b>, by A. J. Hill.—A treatise on its -cause, symptoms and cure. Price, <b>25c.</b></p> - -<p><b>Moore’s Universal Assistant</b> contains information -on every conceivable subject, as well as receipts -for almost everything that could be desired. -We doubt if any one could be induced to do without -it, after having spent a few hours in looking it -through. It contains 480 pages, and 500 engravings. -Cloth, <b>$2.50</b>.</p> - -<p><b>Ropp’s Easy Calculator.</b>—These are handy -tables for all kinds of merchandise and interest. It -is really a lightning calculator, nicely bound, with -slate and pocket for papers. In cloth, <b>$1.00</b>; Morocco, -<b>$1.50</b>. Cheap edition, without slate, <b>50c.</b></p> - -<p class="sig-left2"><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Sent by mail on receipt of price, by</p> -<p class="sig5"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN</b>,<br /> -974 West Madison Street, Chicago. Ill.<br /> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="xxlarge center"><b>Binders for the Bee Journal</b></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i011.png" width="300" height="125" alt="" /> -</div> - -<div class="center">EMERSON’S PAT. BINDER<br /> -FOR MUSIC & PERIODICALS</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> <b>Binders for the Weekly Bee Journal, -of 1881</b>, cloth and paper, <b>postpaid, 85 cents</b>.</p> - -<hr class="r25" /> - -<p>We can furnish Emerson’s Binders, gilt lettered on -the back, for <span class="smcap">American Bee Journal</span> for <b>1890</b>, -at the following prices, postage paid:</p> - -<table summary="Bee Journal"> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Cloth and paper, each </td> -<td class="tdr">50c.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Leather and cloth</td> -<td class="tdr">75c.</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We can also furnish the Binder for any Paper -or Magazine desired.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</b></span><br /> -974 West Madison Street, <b>Chicago, Ill.</b> -</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96"></a>[Pg 96]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL</h2> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i012.png" width="500" height="138" alt="" /> -</div> - -<div class="center">ESTABLISHED<br /> -IN 1861<br /> -<br /> - -OLDEST BEE PAPER<br /> -IN AMERICA -</div> - -<h3 class="nobreak">RATES FOR ADVERTISING.</h3> - -<p class="center">A line will contain about <b>eight words</b>; fourteen -lines will occupy one inch of space.</p> - -<table summary="rates"> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One to three</td> -<td class="tdl"> weeks,</td> -<td class="tdc"> </td> -<td class="tdc"> each</td> -<td class="tdl"> insertion,</td> -<td class="tdr"><b>20</b>cts.</td> -<td class="tdc">per line.</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Four</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">or more</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdl"><b>18</b> "</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Eight</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdl"><b>15</b> "</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Thirteen</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdl"><b>12</b> "</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Twenty-six</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdl"><b>10</b> "</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Fifty-two</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -<td class="tdl"> <b>8</b> "</td> -<td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="center">Special Notices, 50 cents per line.</p> - -<p>Advertisements withdrawn before the expiration -of the contract, will be charged the full rate for the -time the advertisement is inserted.</p> - -<p>Transient Advertisements payable in advance.—Yearly -Contracts payable quarterly, in advance.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The American Bee Journal</span> is the oldest Bee -Paper in America, and has a large circulation in -every State, Territory and Province, among farmers, -mechanics, professional and business men, and is, -therefore the best advertising medium for reliable -dealers. Cases of <em>real</em> imposition will be exposed.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="large"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</b></span></p> -<p class="sig5">974 West Madison Street, <b>Chicago, Ill.</b> -</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak"><a name="Contents_of_this_Number" id="Contents_of_this_Number"></a>Contents of this Number.</h2> - -<p class="p3"><b>Correspondence:</b></p> - -<table summary="index"> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">What is the Royal Jelly?</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#What_is_the_Royal_Jelly">89</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Putting Wires into Comb Foundation</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Putting_Wires_into_Comb_Foundation">90</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Importing Bees from Italy</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Importing_Bees_from_Italy">90</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees and Grapes</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_and_Grapes_Corres">90</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">The Use of Separators for Box Honey </td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#The_Use_of_Separators_for_Box_Honey">90</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Texas for Bees and Honey</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Texas_for_Bees_and_Honey">90</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Alsike Clover as a Honey Plant</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Alsike_Clover_as_a_Honey_Plant">91</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">The Supply and Queen Trade</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#The_Supply_and_Queen_Trade">91</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Who is to Blame for the Losses?</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Who_is_to_Blame_for_the_Losses">91</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="p3"><b>Editorial:</b></p> - -<table summary="editorial"> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Editorial Items</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Editorial_Items">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Frank Benton In the Far East </td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Frank_Benton_in_the_Far_East">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Circulars and Price Lists</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Circulars_and_Price_Lists">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">An Excellent Suggestion</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#An_Excellent_Suggestion">92</a></td> -</tr> - -</table> - -<p class="p3"><b>Among our Exchanges:</b></p> - -<table summary="exchanges"> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees and Grapes</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_and_Grapes_Exch">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees Dead in Box Hives</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_Dead_in_Box_Hives">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Honey for Sore Eyes</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Honey_for_Sore_Eyes">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Feeding In Winter</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Feeding_In_Winter">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees and Grapes</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_and_Grapes_Exch2">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Feeding Rye-Meal</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Feeding_RyeMeal">92</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">The Weekly Bee Journal Abroad </td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#The_Weekly_Bee_Journal_Abroad">92</a></td> -</tr> - -</table> - -<p class="p3"><b>Selections from Our Letter Box:</b></p> - -<table summary="letters"> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">But few Bees Lost</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#But_few_Bees_Lost">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">An Old Queen</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#An_Old_Queen">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Gathering Pollen</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Gathering_Pollen">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">No Winter Flight Yet</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#No_Winter_Flight_Yet">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees Confined 4½ Months</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_Confined_Months">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Closed Out by Fire</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Closed_Out_by_Fire">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees In Good Condition</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_in_Good_Condition_Lashbrook">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Lost 8 out of 37 in Wintering</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Lost_out_of_in_Wintering">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Sweet Clover</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Sweet_Clover">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Had a Flight in January</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Had_a_Flight_in_January">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Nearly all Dead</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Nearly_All_Dead">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bokhara Clover</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bokhara_Clover">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">An Enthusiast</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#An_Enthusiast">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees all Dead</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_All_Dead">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees Robbing</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_Robbing">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Chloroform Used in Handling Bees</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Chloroform">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Test for Honey</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Test_for_Honey">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Three-fourths of the Bees Dead</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Threefourths_of_the_Bees_Dead">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Mortality of Bees in House and Cellar</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Mortality_of_Bees_in_House_and_Cellar">93</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees Doing Well</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_Doing_Well">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Dwindling in the Cellar</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Dwindling_in_the_Cellar">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Contradictory Experience</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Contradictory_Experience">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Wintered Without Loss</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Wintered_Without_Loss">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees Uneasy in the Cellar</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_Uneasy_in_the_Cellar">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Much Better than Expected</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Much_Better_than_Expected">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Have Young Bees and Brood</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Have_Young_Bees_and_Brood">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees In the Cellar 135 Days</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_In_the_Cellar_Days">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">The Best Honey for Winter</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#The_Best_Honey_for_Winter">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Carrying in Pollen</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Carrying_in_Pollen">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Chaff-Packing of Bees Triumphant</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#ChaffPacking_of_Bees_Triumphant">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Look Out for the Robbers</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Look_Out_for_the_Robbers">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two-thirds of the Bees have Died</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Twothirds_of_the_Bees_have_Died">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bees in Good Condition</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_in_Good_Condition_Bull">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Death Reigns among the Bees</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Death_Reigns_among_the_Bees">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">No Loss in Wintering</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#No_Loss_in_Wintering">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Poor Season but Fair Profit</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Poor_Season_but_Fair_Profit">94</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Planting Buckwheat for a Honey Yield </td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Planting_Buckwheat_for_a_Honey_Yield">94</a></td> -</tr> - -</table> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration04.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We can supply but a few more of -the back numbers to new subscribers. -If any want them, they must be sent for soon.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration03.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The Texas Bee-Keepers’ Association -will hold their third annual Convention at Judge W. H. Andrews’ -apiary, in McKinney, Collin Co., Texas, on the 12th and 13th days of -May, 1881.</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -<span class="smcap">Wm. R. Howard</span>, <i>Sec.</i>,<br /> -Kingston, Hunt Co., Texas.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/decoration06.png" alt="_________________________" /> -</div> - -<p class="xxlarge center"><b>DON’T BUY SUPPLIES</b></p> - -<p>Till you have read my new price list for the spring -trade. Wax is cheaper now, so I can sell you a fine -article of Comb Foundation cheap, and made on the -best machine. Italian and Cyprian Queens, Bees, -Hives, Sections, etc. Price List free to all.</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -<span class="large">J. V. CALDWELL,</span><br /> -Cambridge, Henry Co., Ill. -</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">12w6m</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxlarge"><b>The Bee-Keepers Guide;</b></p> - -<p class="center">OR,</p> - -<p class="center xlarge">MANUAL OF THE APIARY,</p> - -<p class="center large"><b>By A. J. COOK,</b></p> - -<p class="center" -><i>Professor of Entomology in the Michigan State Agricultural -College.</i></p> - -<p class="center">286 Pages; 112 Fine Illustrations.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Price</span>—Bound in cloth, <b>$1.25</b>; -in paper cover,<br /><b>$1.00</b>, by mail prepaid. For sale by</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -<span class="large"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN</b></span>,<br /> -974 West Madison Street, Chicago, Ill. -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxlarge"><b>NOW READY,</b></p> - -<p>Our <b>New Circular and Price List for 1881</b>. -We have something new for every bee-keeper. Remember, -we are largely engaged in practical bee-keeping, -and know what supplies are of practical -value in an apiary. You should see a description of -our feeder, you will want one. Our new</p> - -<p class="center xlarge"><b>Double-Draft Smoker</b></p> - -<p>is perfection. See what one of the most practical -and best informed bee-keepers in the country thinks -of it: “Since your great improvement in Smokers, -as regards the double-blast, you undoubtedly have -the inside track of all the others in the market. -This, with the superior workmanship and materials -used, should place your Smoker at the head of the -list, and secure for it a favorable patronage for -1881.” Price of Smokers, by mail, $1.50 and $1.75. -Our book,</p> - -<p class="center xlarge"><b>QUINBY’S NEW BEE-KEEPING</b></p> - -<p>is pronounced the most practical work published. -Price, by mail, $1.50.</p> - -<p>We furnish everything used in advanced bee-culture. -Send for Illustrated Circular to</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="xlarge"><b> -L C. ROOT & BRO.,</b></span><br /> -Mohawk, N. Y.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">12smtf</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxxxlarge"><b>Free to All.</b></p> - -<p>I will send free to any address a sample of the -<b>BEST FOUNDATION</b> made for brood frames, -also sample of <b>THIN FOUNDATION</b>, for sections, -which can be used the full size of the section, -and yet will not leave any “fishbone” in the comb -honey. You can get nice straight combs without tin -separators. Circular, describing how foundation is -made and giving prices of apiarian supplies, free.</p> -<p class="center">Address, <b>J. A. OSBORNE</b>, Rantoul, Ill.</p> -<p class="sig5">12w1tp</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxxlarge">BEES FOR SALE,</p> - -<p>In Simplicity and Everett-Langstroth hives. My -bees are perfectly healthy in every respect—most of -them good, strong colonies. Address,</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>J. P. HOLLOWAY</b></span>,<br /> -Monclova, Lucas County, Ohio.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">12w1t</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="drop-cap"><b>ITALIANS AND HYBRIDS</b>—30 or -40 Colonies for sale <a id="tn1">now</a>. Queens and Nuclei after May -15th. Address,</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>R. M. ARGO</b></span>,<br /> -Lowell, Garrard County, Ky.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">12w3t</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="drop-cap"><b>WANTED</b>—You to send for our Circular and -Price list of <b>American-Italians</b>. Address,</p> - -<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>JOS. M. BROOKS & BRO.</b></span>,<br /> -Columbus, Ind.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">12w6m</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="large">FLAT-BOTTOM COMB FOUNDATION,</span><br /></p> - -<div class="figleft"> -<img src="images/i013.png" width="125" height="110" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p>high side-walls, 4 to 16 square feet to<br /> -the pound. Circular and samples free.</p> - -<p class="center"> -<span class="large">J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,</span><br /> -Sole Manufacturers,<br /> -Sprout Brook, Mont. Co., N. Y.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">11tf</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="drop-cap"><b>BASSWOOD AND TULIP TREES</b>, from -1 to 8 feet in height, nursery grown. The 2 best -HONEY PRODUCING TREES KNOWN, at low -prices.</p> - -<p class="sig5"> -A. BATTLES, Girard, Pa.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">10w4t</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="large">BARNES’ PATENT</span><br /> -<span class="xxlarge">Foot-Power Machinery</span></p> - -<div class="figleft"> -<img src="images/i014.png" width="136" height="175" alt="" /> -</div> - -<div class="blockquote3"> -<p class="large">CIRCULAR and</p> -<p class="sig5 large">SCROLL SAWS</p> - -<p>Hand, Circular Rip Saws for general -heavy and light ripping. -Lathes, &c. These machines are -especially adapted to <b>Hive -Making</b>. It will pay every bee-keeper -to send for our 48 page -Illustrated Catalogue.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="sig-left4">W. F. & JOHN BARNES</span><br /> -Rockford, Winnebago Co., Ill.<br /> -</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i015.png" width="400" height="207" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center large">WILBOR’S COMPOUND OF PURE COD-LIVER<br /> -OIL AND LIME.</p> - -<p><b>Wilbor’s Cod-Liver Oil and Lime.</b>—Persons -who have been taking Cod-Liver Oil will be pleased -to learn that Dr. Wilbor has succeeded, from directions -of several Professional gentlemen, in combining -the pure Oil and Lime in such a manner that it is -pleasant to the taste, and its effects in Lung complaints -are truly wonderful. Very many persons -whose cases were pronounced hopeless, and who had -taken the clear Oil torn long-time without marked -effect, have been entirely cured by using this preparation. -Be sure and get the genuine. Manufactured -only by <span class="smcap">A. B. Wilbor</span>, Chemist, Boston. Sold by all -druggists.</p> - -<p class="sig5">11w4t</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> -<p class="center"><span class="xxxlarge">THE CANADIAN FARMER</span></p> - -<p class="center">THE ONLY<br /> - -<span class="xlarge">Agricultural Weekly</span><br /> - -PUBLISHED IN THE<br /> -<br /> -<span class="xlarge">DOMINION OF CANADA.</span></p> - -<p>This practical journal is now in its <b>Third Year</b>, -and meeting with immense success. The low price -of its subscription ($1.00 per year) in its new and improved -form (16 pages 13½ x 10½, folded and pasted) -makes it very popular. Its editors are all practical -men. It is the <b>Best Advertising Medium</b> in -Canada. Sample copies sent free to any address.</p> - -<p class="sig5"><b>N. B. COLCOCK</b>, Welland, Ont.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">11w26tx</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i016.png" width="400" height="116" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center large">I HAVE NOW OVER</p> - -<p class="center xxxlarge">300 COLONIES</p> - -<p class="center">of Pure Italian Bees, in good condition, in 10 frame -Langstroth hives. Orders for</p> - -<p class="center large">ITALIAN QUEENS,</p> - -<p class="center xxxxlarge">Nuclei and Full Colonies,</p> - -<p>are now being booked and will be filled in rotation -as received, commencing about June 1st., at the following -prices:</p> - -<table summary="queens"> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Tested Queens,</td> -<td class="tdl">each</td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">$2 50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> " " </td> -<td class="tdl">per half-dozen</td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">13 50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1 frame Nucleus,</td> -<td class="tdl"> with Tested Queen</td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">5 00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">2 " " </td> -<td class="tdl"> " " "</td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">5 50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">3 " " </td> -<td class="tdl"> " " "</td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">6 00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">4 " " </td> -<td class="tdl"> " " "</td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">6 50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Full Colonies,</td> -<td class="tdl"> each</td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">12 00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> " " </td> -<td class="tdl"> in lots of 5, each</td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">10 00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> " " </td> -<td class="tdl"> " 10, each </td> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">9 00</td> -</tr> - -</table> - -<p>I will use all possible care in preparing the above -for shipment, but cannot guarantee safe arrival, except -on queens any distance less than 1,000 miles.</p> - -<p class="center">ALSO</p> -<p class="center xlarge"><b>100 COLONIES</b></p> -<p class="center">OF</p> -<p class="center xxlarge">BLACK AND HYBRID BEES,</p> - -<p>In Langstroth hives, in quantities of not less than 5 -colonies at <b>$8.00</b> each, which I will ship direct -from the South.</p> - -<p class="center"><b>ALFRED H. NEWMAN,</b></p> -<p class="center">972 West Madison St., <span class="smcap">Chicago, Ill.</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxxlarge"><b>THE ORIGINAL</b></p> - -<p>Patented Jan. 9, 1878, and May, 1879; Re-issued -July 9, 1878.</p> - -<div class="figleft"> -<img src="images/i017.png" width="125" height="216" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p>If you buy a Bingham -Smoker, or a Bingham & -Hetherington Honey Knife -you are sure of the best -and cheapest, and not liable -to prosecution for their -use and sale. The largest -bee-keepers use them exclusively. -Twenty thousand -in use—not one ever -returned, or letter of complaint -received. Our original -patent Smokers and -Honey Knives were the -only ones on exhibition at -the last National Bee-Keepers’ -Convention, 1880. -Time sifts the wheat from -the chaff. Pretensions are -short-lived.</p> - -<p>The Large and Extra -Standard have extra wide -shields to prevent burning -the fingers and bellows. -A real improvement.</p> - -<p>Send postal card for testimonials.<br /><br /></p> - -<table summary="smokers"> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife</td> -<td class="tdl">2</td> -<td class="tdl">in.,</td> -<td class="tdr">$1 00</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Large Bingham Smoker</td> -<td class="tdl">2½</td> -<td class="tdc"> "</td> -<td class="tdr">1 50</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Extra Standard Bingham Smoker</td> -<td class="tdl">2</td> -<td class="tdc"> "</td> -<td class="tdr">1 25</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Plain Standard Bingham Smoker</td> -<td class="tdl">2</td> -<td class="tdc"> "</td> -<td class="tdr">1 00</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Little Wonder Bingham Smoker</td> -<td class="tdl">1¾</td> -<td class="tdc"> "</td> -<td class="tdr"> 75</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>If to be sent by mail, or singly by express, add 25c. -each, to prepay postage or express charges.</p> - -<p>To sell again, apply for dozen or half-dozen rates.</p> - -<p>Address,</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="large">BINGHAM & HETHERINGTON,</span><br /></p> -<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">OTSEGO, MICH.</span></p> -<p class="sig-left2">9wtf</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxxxlarge">FREE!</p> - -<p class="center">We wish to obtain 25,000 New Subscribers to</p> - -<p class="center xlarge">THE FLORAL MONTHLY</p> - -<p class="center">during the next few months, and we propose<br /> -to give to every reader of this paper</p> - -<p class="center xlarge">50c. worth of Choice Flower Seed.</p> - -<p>Our offer is to send Free of Cost, 50 cents’ worth of -Choice Flower Seeds to each and every one who will -send us 25 two cent postage stamps for the <span class="large"><b>FLORAL -MONTHLY</b></span> one year. Seeds sent free -by return mail. Specimen copies free. Address,</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="large">W. E. MORTON & CO., FLORISTS,</span><br /> -615 Congress Street, Portland, Me.</p> - -<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Natural Flowers preserved to last for years.<br /> -9w4t</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxxxlarge">It will Pay you</p> - -<p class="xlarge">To read our forty page Catalogue of -Apiarian Supplies. It gives the latest -information about the best appliances -and methods pertaining to</p> - -<p class="center xxlarge">Profitable Bee Culture</p> - -<p class="xlarge">Sent free to all who send us their names -and addresses, <em>plainly written</em>, upon a -postal card. Address</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="large"><b>H. A. BURCH & CO.,</b></span><br /> -South Haven, Mich.</p> -<p class="sig-left2">9wtf.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xxlarge"><span class="gesperrt">R. A. BURNETT.</span></p> - -<p class="sig-left2">Successor to Conner, Burnett & Co.,</p> -<p class="sig5">165 South Water Street, Chicago, Ill.,</p> - -<p class="center xxxlarge">GENERAL PRODUCE COMMISSION,</p> - -<p class="center xlarge">HONEY A SPECIALTY.</p> - -<p>We ask you to correspond with us before disposing -of your HONEY CROP, as we can be of much service, -having constant intelligence from all parts of the -country. We would refer to <span class="smcap">James Heddon</span>, Dowagiac, -Mich., and <span class="smcap">J. Oatman & Sons</span>, Dundee, Ill.</p> - -<p class="sig-left2">1w1y</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i018.png" width="400" height="194" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center"> -GOOD WORK<br /> -AT FAIR PRICES.<br /> -<br /> -HALLOCK & CHANDLER<br /> -WOOD ENGRAVERS<br /> -& Electrotypers<br /> -<br /> -<span class="smcap">167 Dearborn St.</span><br /> -CHICAGO<br /> -</p> - -<p>1w1y</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center smcap">Rev. A. Salisbury. <b>1881.</b> <span class="smcap">J. V. Caldwell.</span></p> - -<p class="center xlarge">SALISBURY & CALDWELL,</p> -<p class="center">Camargo, Douglas County. Ill.</p> - -<div class="figleft"> -<img src="images/i019.png" width="166" height="145" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p>Warranted Italian Queens, $1.00; Tested Italian -Queens, $2.00; Cyprian Queens, $2.00; -Tested Cyprian Queens, $4.00; 1 frame -Nucleus, Italians, $4.00; 1 frame Nucleus, -Cyprians, $5.00; Colony of Italians, -8 frames, $5.00; Colony of Cyprians, -8 frames, $10.00. Wax worked -10c. per lb. Pure Comb Foundation, -on Dunham Machine, 25 lbs. or over, -35c. per lb. <span class="xxlarge">☞</span> Send for Circular.</p> - -<p class="sig5">1w1y</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="xxxxlarge">Florida Land—640 Acres.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="xxlarge">☞ CHEAP FOR CASH. ☜</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Description.</span>—Sec. 4, township 7, south range 7 -west, Franklin county, Florida, situated about 50 miles -south of the Georgia line, 25 miles west of the city of -Tallahasse, the capital of the State, and about 25 -miles northeast of the city of Apalachicola, a seaport -on the Gulf of Mexico, and within 2 sections (5 -and 6) of the Apalachicola river; the soil is a rich, -sandy loam, covered with timber.</p> - -<p>It was conveyed on Dec. 31st. 1875, by Col. Alexander -McDonald, who owned 6 sections, including the -above, to J. M. Murphy, for $3,200, and on Sept. 5th. -1877, by him conveyed to the undersigned for $3,000. -The title is perfect, and it is unincumbered, as shown -by an abstract from the Records of the county, duly -attested by the County Clerk; the taxes are all paid -and the receipts are in my possession.</p> - -<p>I will sell the above at a bargain for cash, or trade -for a small farm, or other desirable property. An offer -for it is respectfully solicited. Address,</p> - -<p class="sig5 xlarge">THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</p> -<p class="sig5">974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - - -<p class="center xxxlarge">Given’s Foundation Press.</p> - -<p>The latest improvement in Foundation. Our thin -and common Foundation is not surpassed. The only -invention to make Foundation in the wired frame. -All Presses warranted to give satisfaction. Send for -Catalogue and Samples. -</p> - -<p class="sig5"><b>D. S. GIVEN</b>, Hoopeston, Ill.</p> -<p class="sig-left2">1w1y</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="parkerborder-title"> -<p class="center xxlarge"><b>PARKER’S GINGER TONIC</b></p> -</div> - -<div class="parkerborder"> -<p><b>Ginger</b>, <b>Buchu</b>, <b>Mandrake</b>, <b>Stillingia</b> and -many other of the best medicines known are combined -so skillfully in <span class="smcap">Parker’s Ginger Tonic</span> as -to make it the <b>greatest Blood Purifier</b> and the -<b>Best Health and Strength Restorer ever used</b>.</p> - -<p>It cures <b>Dyspepsia</b>, <b>Rheumatism</b>, <b>Neuralgia</b>, -<b>Sleeplessness</b>, and all diseases of the <b>Stomach</b>, -<b>Bowels</b>, <b>Lungs</b>, <b>Liver</b>, <b>Kidneys</b>, <b>Urinary Organs</b> -and all <b>Female Complaints</b>.</p> - -<p>If you are wasting away with Consumption or -any disease, use the <span class="smcap">Tonic</span> to-day. No matter what -your symptoms may be, it will surely help you.</p> - -<p>Remember! This <span class="smcap">Tonic</span> cures drunkenness, -is the <b>Best Family Medicine</b> ever made, entirely -different from Bitters, Ginger Preparations and -other Tonics, and combines the best curative properties -of all. Buy a 50c. bottle of your druggist. -None genuine without our signature on outside -wrapper.<span class="smcap"> Hiscox & Co.</span>, Chemists, New York. -</p> -</div> - -<p><b>PARKER’S HAIR BALSAM</b> The best and most economical -Hair Dressing</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center xlarge"><b>65</b> <i>ENGRAVINGS</i>.</p> - -<p class="center xxxxlarge"><b>The Horse</b></p> - -<p class="center xlarge">BY B. J. KENDALL, M. D.</p> - -<p><b>A TREATISE</b> giving an index of diseases, and -the symptoms; cause and treatment of each, a table -giving all the principal drugs used for the horse, with -the ordinary dose, effects and antidote when a poison; -a table with an engraving of the horse’s teeth -at different ages, with rules for telling the age of the -horse; a valuable collection of recipes, and much -valuable information.</p> - -<p class="center"><b>Price 25 cents.</b>—Sent on receipt of price, by</p> - -<p class="sig5"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</b><br /> -974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><b>ITALIAN QUEENS</b>, Full Colonies, Nuclei -and Bee Hives specialties. Our <b>new</b> Illustrated -Catalogue of Bees, Supplies, Fine Poultry, Small -Fruits, &c., <b>Free</b>. <span class="xlarge">☞</span> -Send for it and save money.</p> -<p class="sig-left2">J. T. SCOTT & BRO., Crawfish Springs, Ga.</p> -<p class="sig5">2w32tx</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i020.png" width="400" height="114" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center xxlarge"> -<span class="smcap">the American<br /> -Poultry Journal.</span><br /> -</p> - -<p class="center">Is a 32–page beautifully Illustrated Monthly Magazine -devoted to</p> - -<p class="center large"><b>POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK.</b></p> - -<p>It has the largest corps of practical breeders as editors -of any journal of its class in America, and is</p> - -<p class="center large">THE FINEST POULTRY JOURNAL IN THE WORLD.</p> - -<p>Volume 12 begins January 1881. SUBSCRIPTION:— -$1.00 per year. Specimen Copy, 10 cents.</p> - -<p class="sig5">C. J. WARD, Editor and Proprietor.<br /> -<span class="center large">182 CLARK ST., CHICAGO.</span> -</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="transnote">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES. - -<p>1. <b>ITALIANS AND HYBRIDS</b> “—30 or 40 Colonies for sale low.” -“low” changed to <a href="#tn1">“now”</a>.</p> - -<p>2. Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors have been -silently corrected.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Bee Journal, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL *** - -***** This file should be named 61056-h.htm or 61056-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/1/0/5/61056/ - -Produced by Brian Wilsden and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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