diff options
| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-04 02:44:16 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-04 02:44:16 -0800 |
| commit | a21d03c278f91d922d6911062aa91ebf9f192f9c (patch) | |
| tree | cfa4009d77a03e2ffa31e6e4b1cda1aed9d6e014 | |
| parent | 81548f703f6f6653b6f462a2a009a9c9de860c53 (diff) | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-0.txt | 2700 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-0.zip | bin | 56440 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h.zip | bin | 850175 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/62826-h.htm | 4069 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 224607 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/header.jpg | bin | 38277 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_737.jpg | bin | 81269 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_738.jpg | bin | 3450 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_739.jpg | bin | 69967 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_742.jpg | bin | 50898 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_743.jpg | bin | 15604 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_744.jpg | bin | 24622 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_745.jpg | bin | 110596 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_747.jpg | bin | 4228 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_749.jpg | bin | 21320 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_752a.jpg | bin | 62828 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62826-h/images/i_752b.jpg | bin | 80990 -> 0 bytes |
20 files changed, 17 insertions, 6769 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d27615 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #62826 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62826) diff --git a/old/62826-0.txt b/old/62826-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 57ced8d..0000000 --- a/old/62826-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2700 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1025, -August 19, 1899, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1025, August 19, 1899 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: August 2, 2020 [EBook #62826] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GIRL' OWN PAPER *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Pamela Patten and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - -[Illustration: THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER - -VOL. XX.—NO. 1025.] AUGUST 19, 1899. [PRICE ONE PENNY.] - - - - -LONDON’S FUTURE HOUSEWIVES AND THEIR TEACHERS. - -[Illustration: A HOUSEWIFERY CLASS AT BATTERSEA POLYTECHNIC.] - -_All rights reserved._] - - -If one stands at the entrance of a large Board school either at dinner -or tea-time and watches the pupils trooping out, one often wonders -what will become of all these lively children in a few years’ time, -what they will make of their lives, and how enough work is to be found -for them all. Has it ever struck any of my readers that, whatever the -boys may do in the way of work, sooner or later that of the girls is -certain? They are going to be the wives or housekeepers of these or -other boys. They will be dressmakers, tailoresses, servants, factory -girls or what not for a time, but their final business will be -housekeeping, and housekeeping too on small means, so that a great deal -of skill, care and knowledge will be needed if they are to do it well. - -How are the girls to be trained for this very important work of theirs? -Their school life is very short; the time they will have to spare -after leaving school will be very little, their leisure hours in the -evening being wanted for rest and recreation as well as for learning; -it will be small wonder if many of them marry without any knowledge of -household management and if the comfort and happiness of their home is -ruined in consequence. - -The question is so serious that people interested in education have -given it a great deal of thought. There is little doubt that, if it -were possible, the best plan would be to give a year’s training in -housekeeping to every girl when she leaves school; but alas! since -most girls from elementary schools are obliged to earn money as early -as possible, this plan cannot be carried out. The only thing that can -be done by the managers of elementary schools is to proceed on the -principle that “half a loaf is better than no bread,” to give the -girls, while still at school, weekly lessons for a certain number -of weeks each year, in cookery and laundry-work, and sometimes in -housewifery generally, and to encourage them to attend evening classes -after they have left school. A great deal of good has been done in this -way, but the children are so young and the lessons necessarily so few, -so far between and so fragmentary, that the result is very far from -being all that could be wished. - -Seeing this, the Technical Education Board of the London County Council -five years ago began to establish, one after another, Schools of -Domestic Economy to which girls should go for five months at a time -after leaving the ordinary schools, and where they should be occupied -for the whole school hours five days a week in household work, thus -giving them an opportunity of really understanding their future -duties as housewives. The question of enabling poor people to afford -this five months’ extra teaching for their girls was a difficult one -to meet, but as far as it could be done it has been done by giving -free scholarships at these schools and by providing the scholars with -their dinner and tea free of cost, and providing also the material -required by each girl for making herself a dress, an apron and some -under-garment during her time at the school. With only two exceptions, -these schools, which are nine in number, are held in the polytechnics -or in technical institutes, a capital arrangement whereby the rooms -needed for evening classes for adults are used also during the day-time. - -Let us look in at one of the schools and see of what a day’s work -consists. We will choose the school at the Battersea Polytechnic, -because a Training School for Teachers is held there as well as a -school for girls, and we shall have a double interest in the work. -The Polytechnic is a great building standing back from Battersea Park -Road, and at about nine o’clock in the morning we shall find a stream -of teachers and pupils hurrying into it, masters and mistresses of the -Science School, the Domestic Economy School, and the Training School -for Teachers of Domestic Economy; boys and girls of the Science School; -girls and women students of the two Domestic Economy Schools; and a -few minutes later we shall find these all gathered in a large hall -for “call over” and prayers, and then filing off to their separate -departments. - -Let us ask Miss Mitchell, the head of the Domestic Economy Schools, to -spare us a little of her time and explain the work to us. We follow the -women and girls to a separate wing of the building, and as they divide -off into the different class-rooms we enter the large cookery school -and watch the students in training settling down to their morning’s -work, fetching their pots and pans from cupboards and shelves, looking -up the list of their work on the blackboard, weighing out ingredients, -and so on. We look round the room, a little confused at first with -all the movement, and see that it is large and well lighted with -coal-stoves at one end and gas-stoves fixed into two large tables in -the centre, with a lift, up which provisions for the day are still -being sent, and down which, as we find later, the dinner is to go to -the dining-room punctually at one o’clock; large sinks and plate-racks -are fitted in one corner, low cupboards with shelves over them run far -along the walls, and at the end of the room opposite the stoves is a -stepped gallery, where forty or fifty pupils can sit for demonstration -lessons. The head cookery teacher is busily engaged inspecting the -food materials bought in by the student-housekeeper, criticising the -quality and hearing the prices given, and Miss Mitchell explains to -us that the students take it in turns to be housekeepers, and have to -buy in materials for dinners for some sixty people every day; they -are given lists of what will be wanted by the teachers, but the whole -responsibility of choosing and buying the food rests with them, and so -out they go every day into the neighbouring streets, taking with them -two or three girls from the Domestic Economy School, to choose fish, -meat and vegetables from the shops and stalls of the neighbourhood, for -they are to learn how to choose and make the best of such provisions -as the working people of the neighbourhood are accustomed to buy, and -capital training this is for them. - -“Do the students here cook dinners for sixty people?” we ask in wonder; -and in answer, Miss Mitchell takes us next door into a smaller cookery -room, where fifteen girls are at work under the charge of a teacher and -a student, also busy on dishes which are to be ready by dinner-time. -Everything left from one day’s dinner, we are told, is brought up to -the cookery schools again by the “housekeeper” to be re-cooked and made -into dainty dishes—no waste of any kind is allowed. - -Crossing the corridor we find two rooms given up to dressmaking and -needlework; here again both students-in-training and girls are working -in separate classes. One of the students, who has nearly completed -her course of training, is helping a teacher with a class of girls -(fifteen in number again we notice), and the other students, under -the head dressmaking teacher, are busy on their own work—this morning -they are drafting bodice patterns for various types of figures, but -that their work is not confined to pattern-making is evident when the -cupboards are opened and dresses taken out for our inspection—dresses -made by each student to fit herself, funds being provided as in the -case of the girls by the Technical Education Board. Very neatly made -the dresses are, and proud the students seem to be of them, though -their pride is tempered by anxiety as to what the examiner’s opinion -of them may be when the time of examination for their diplomas comes. -Each student has to make two dresses, that is, sample garments to show -her plain needlework, and to learn to patch and mend old dresses and -under-garments, her pride culminating in a sampler of patches, darns, -and drawnthread work, such as that hanging in a show cupboard on the -wall. The girls, we are told, in their shorter course make themselves -one dress, one apron, and an under-garment each, and spend one lesson -of two hours each week in practical mending of worn garments. - -We ask why it is that every class we have seen consists of fifteen -pupils only, and are told that in all classes for practical work for -which funds are supplied by the Technical Education Board the number of -pupils is limited to fifteen, so that the teacher may be able to attend -thoroughly to the practical work of each pupil, instead of having to -teach her class somewhat in the manner of a drill sergeant, as must -inevitably be the case when dealing with large numbers. - -But the morning is getting on, and we hurry downstairs to the laundry, -perhaps the most striking of all the class-rooms, a glass partition -shutting off the washing-room, with its large teak troughs where a busy -set of girls are at work, from the ironing-room, fitted with long solid -tables on which blouses of many shapes and colours are being ironed -into crisp freshness. A special feature of the room is the white-tiled -screen keeping the heat of the ironing stove, with its dozens of irons, -from the rest of the room, while the height and good ventilation keep -the room fresh and pleasant even in hot weather. We turn away from this -vision of dainty whiteness to be in time to see the last class we are -to visit this morning, the “housewifery” class, which is conducting a -“spring-cleaning” in one of the social rooms of the polytechnic, which -lends itself admirably for the purpose of teaching the girls how to -turn out a well-furnished sitting-room. The housewifery lessons are a -great feature of the Domestic Economy Schools, we hear, and include -the whole routine of household work apart from actual cooking, washing, -and dressmaking, these being, as we have seen, taught separately, -so that girls who have gone through the course ought not to find -themselves at a loss in any department of housekeeping, the whole -series of lessons in each department being made to dovetail one into -the other. - -It is nearly one o’clock now, and Miss Mitchell asks us to come into -the dining-room, where the tables are just laid for dinner, and we find -the housekeeping-student in charge, lifting dishes on to “hot-plates” -as they come down from the cookery schools, with the group of girls -who are told off to help her giving final touches to the tables, -these being laid with pretty blue and white crockery, and with here -and there bunches of flowers which have been brought by one or other -of the pupils. The teachers aim at having the tables laid as nicely -as possible and at giving the girls a high standard of neatness and -daintiness to take back with them to their own homes. - -Presently a bell rings and the girls file in and take their places at -three long tables, with a teacher and a student at the head and foot of -each, the other students-in-training having a table to themselves. We -feel rather intrusive as we watch them take their places, and, turning -out of the room, ask Miss Mitchell to spare us yet a few minutes to -answer some of the questions that are in our minds. - -“How many of such schools are there? Where are the others, and how do -the girls get their scholarships? Can we help girls we know to get such -a chance, and specially how are the scholarships for training teachers -to be obtained, and what chance is there for these teachers at the end -of their two years’ training?” Miss Mitchell tells us laughingly that -to answer all this fully would take much more than a few minutes, but -this much she can say: that at present, though the number of schools -is far from enough to give as many scholarships as are needed for -all London, they are steadily increasing in number; there are such -schools at the Borough, Chelsea, Woolwich, Clerkenwell, St. John’s -Wood, Bloomsbury, Wandsworth and Norwood, while others will be opened -in Holloway, at Globe Road, Bow, and at Deptford next term: that the -girls’ scholarships are given on their being nominated by their school -mistresses for the approval of the Technical Education Board, and that -therefore anyone interested in getting such a scholarship for a working -girl should write to the offices of the Technical Education Board of -the London County Council for information, and then get the girl to -apply to her mistress for a nomination for next term. As regards the -training scholarships, they have to be won by passing an examination, -not in itself very stiff, but sufficient to ensure that the teachers -of domestic economy trained in the school shall possess a fairly good -general education. All particulars can be obtained from the offices -of the Technical Education Board. As to the chance of employment, -the experience of teachers holding good diplomas from the Battersea -Training School has been very happy, few of them having had to wait -long for work. And so she wishes us good-bye, and we leave the building -feeling that we have had a glance into a new world, one full of energy -and hopefulness, and giving promise of happier conditions of life for -future generations of citizens in our great city. - -[Illustration: A NEEDLEWORK CLASS, BATTERSEA POLYTECHNIC.] - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE HOUSE WITH THE VERANDAH. - -BY ISABELLA FYVIE MAYO, Author of “Other People’s Stairs,” “Her Object -in Life,” etc. - - -CHAPTER XXI. - -THE TELEGRAM FROM THE NORTH. - -The days went on: the mysterious “knocks” did not recur, and as the -police inspector made no more inquiries, and the Marvels attempted no -further intercourse with the little house with the verandah, the very -memory of them readily faded from the minds of the little household -there, and especially from that of its mistress, ever becoming more -pre-occupied with the prolonged delay of letters from Charlie, or -indeed of any news from the _Slains Castle_. - -Lucy’s brother-in-law, Mr. Brand, went down to Bath to attend Mr. -Bray’s funeral, and his wife Florence accompanied him “to be with the -dear old lady in her sorrow.” Indeed, Mr. Brand left his wife with the -widow while he went to and fro between Bath and London, looking after -his own business and winding up Mr. Bray’s affairs. Lucy would have -liked to visit the old lady in the early days of bereavement, but, of -course, in her circumstances any such expression of sympathy was out of -the question. Still, every evening, no matter how tired and despondent -she felt she wrote a loving little note to her mother’s old friend, -so that every morning she might find it on her breakfast-table. Also, -Lucy copied a little picture of the Surrey village where she knew Mrs. -Bray had first met her dead husband, and she sent it to the widow as -a tender sign of sympathy. Lucy did not wonder that Mrs. Bray herself -never acknowledged these tokens of love, for she knew the lady was old -and feeble, and that deep grief is sometimes very silent. She knew that -Mrs. Bray received all her remembrances, for Florence wrote delivering -the old lady’s “thanks for all kindnesses,” and adding how grateful she -also was for Florence’s companionship, and for all the arrangements -“Jem” was making for her welfare. - -“There is not so much property left as one might have supposed, -considering that Mr. Bray has earned such a large income for so many -years,” wrote Florence. “But then the Brays have always lived among -people of rank and wealth, and naturally they got into the habit of -spending as their friends did.” - -“Ah,” said Miss Latimer, as Lucy read the letter to her. “In that way, -earned incomes, however big, soon break up and vanish, as did the clay -jar in the fable, when it raced with the iron pot!” - -Lucy resumed her reading. “Florence goes on: ‘Never mind; they have both -enjoyed the best of everything, and have had many advantages which they -might not have had, if people had not believed them to be rich. Jem is -always saying that there’s nothing so expensive as poverty. Therefore, -though there is not much property left, it won’t matter much, for -in many ways Mrs. Bray’s spending days are necessarily over. Jem is -managing so cleverly that she will scarcely know she is poorer than she -used to be. She will even be able to afford to go on living in the same -house, when she returns to London. It would be a great trial to her -if she could not hope to do that—and it can be managed, for, you see, -she is old and can’t live long. She trusts Jem implicitly and leaves -everything to him. She always says, “I don’t want to know anything -about money matters; I never have known and I don’t wish to begin now. -I ask for nothing but my little comforts and Rachel to look after me.” -And then Jem assures her that is quite easy, and so she is satisfied. I -can’t think what Mrs. Bray would do without Rachel. She is more devoted -to her mistress than ninety-nine daughters out of a hundred are to -their mothers. I don’t anticipate that my girls will be half so kind to -me when my dismal days come—and of course, I hope they’ll be married -and gone off long before I’m an old woman. I should not like to be the -mother of ungathered wall-flowers! But where am I likely to find a -Rachel? I’ll just have to go and stay at an “hydropathic” when I’m an -old woman. But old age is a long way off yet—and I devoutly trust that -I’ll be dead before it comes.’” - -Those last words struck Lucy. She had heard them before—the very same -words—spoken by a humble working woman, whose strenuous labours could -not provide for more than the wants of each day. - -All that woman’s year’s work for a certain company had actually brought -her in less than Jem Brand got as annual dividend upon each hundred -pounds he had invested in its shares. Lucy had heard that woman say, -“I’ve only one chance to escape the workhouse. I hope I’ll die before I -am old.” - -The poor overworked woman had felt thus for one reason, and now the -wealthy idle woman felt so for another. What did it all mean? Where had -life gone wrong? Of these two women, one had all that the other lacked, -yet it did not suffice to save her from the worst bitterness of that -other life. Lucy remembered having read somewhere that Lazarus does not -perish for lack of aught that is good for Dives, but for lack of that -excess by which Dives destroys himself. - -But in these days Lucy did not think over theories and practices as she -had been wont to do. She hardly dared to think at all, for the moment -thought got a-working, it seized on the terrible reality that still -neither word nor sign came from Charlie! - -A delay so prolonged must mean something. If it meant some -rearrangement of plan, or unexpected detention at the port of some -Pacific Island, then surely a letter would have come. Nay, Lucy felt -certain that if Charlie knew that any suspense were likely to arise, -then a telegram would have arrived. Charlie and she had made their -thrifty little pre-arrangements on that score. His firm had a code -name, and they had agreed that this, with the name “Challoner”—the word -“saw” to stand for “safe and well”—was to suffice for Lucy in case of -any unforeseen contingencies. - -But no letter came and no such telegram came! - -Alarm had now a wider basis than anxiety for Charlie’s health. An -inquiry sent to Mrs. Grant in Peterhead promptly brought back a quite -remarkably brief answer that she too had heard nothing. Inquiries made -at the London office of the shipping firm concerned with the _Slains -Castle_ elicited that they too had no tidings, though they made light -of the fact, and dwelt on the many delays to which sailing-vessels were -subject. - -Lucy’s anxiety swamped all her other worries, though unconsciously to -herself those worries might still prey on the nerve and fortitude which -endurance of the great trial demanded. - -What did it matter now when the little china tea-set which had been one -of her birthday gifts to Charlie was dashed to the ground and almost -every piece of it shivered to fragments? It grieved her once; now it -did not affect her at all, save as a type of the general wreckage into -which life seemed breaking up. - -She did not give much attention to Clementina’s eagerly-tendered -defence concerning the accident, given thus— - -“I had nothing to do with it, ma’am. I was in the back kitchen at the -time, and I’d left it sitting safely on the dresser. Then all of a -sudden I heard the crash, and when I looked in, there it was—all in -fragments on the floor.” - -“You must have placed it too near the edge of the dresser, Clementina,” -urged Miss Latimer, “and the slight oscillation caused by some heavy -vehicle passing by must have caused it to tilt over.” - -It was strange that Clementina repudiated this explanation. - -“I didn’t hear any heavy traffic,” she answered. “There’s never much of -it near here, anyway. No, ma’am, such things will happen sometimes, and -there’s no accounting for them and there’s no use in trying to do it.” - -If Lucy’s attention could have been directed towards anything but the -terrible fear which absorbed all her soul, she might have noticed -that at this time Miss Latimer became rather anxious and observant -concerning Clementina. The old lady was aware that the servant was -growing restless and uneasy. Her superstitions seemed all astir. She -began to see omens on every side. The tense atmosphere of the household -mind evidently affected her very much. Miss Latimer could only hope -that it would not affect her so much as to cause her to “give notice.” -For in many ways the old lady’s experience told her that Clementina -was a treasure not to be found every day, since she was scrupulously -honest, clean and industrious, and the very last person likely to have -questionable “followers.” - -So the dreary days went on in the shadow of the storm-cloud, now so -lowering that it became too much to hope that it would pass over -harmlessly. - -The monotony was broken at last by a telegram which came in late one -evening. But it did not come to end Lucy’s agony of suspense, either by -joy or sorrow. It was simply a telegram from Mrs. Grant of Peterhead, -announcing that by the time it reached Lucy she would be on her way -to London, as she had despatched the message just as her train was -starting. She might be expected by the first train reaching London in -the morning. - -“What does this mean?” asked Lucy with white lips. - -Miss Latimer and Tom strove to soothe her by assuring her that -naturally Mrs. Grant was as anxious as herself. Perhaps she wanted to -seek further information about the _Slains Castle_, or possibly to -consult with Lucy as to whether there were joint steps that they might -take in search of news. Lucy was not readily pacified. Her first fear -had been that Mrs. Grant had had private word of the loss of the ship -and her passenger and crew, and that she kindly wished to communicate -this news to Lucy personally. It was comparatively easy to persuade -her that this was most unlikely. Her next misgiving was more difficult -to dislodge. It was that Mrs. Grant had at last heard from her husband -with some bad news of Charlie—a private matter with which, of course, -owners and underwriters could have nothing to do. This foreboding could -only be allayed by Mrs. Grant herself. - -The north train arrived so early at the terminus not far from Pelham -Street that Mrs. Challoner and Tom were able to go and meet the -traveller before they were respectively due at the Institute and the -office. They had breakfast (as indeed they often did) by gaslight, and -then hurried off, Lucy taking Hugh with them. Lucy could not bear him -to be out of her sight now for one moment more than was necessary, -and Hugh himself begged to be taken. Miss Latimer had not yet come -downstairs when they departed, but Clementina protested that “the -precious darling” might well be left with her—her work was so well in -hand that she need do nothing but amuse him—it was a pity he had even -been roused up when he might have had another hour’s sweet sleep, and -she wondered his ma wasn’t afraid to take him out when the morning was -so dull and raw, an argument which would have overcome Lucy but for -Hugh’s plucking at her gown and pleading, “Take me with you, mamma, -take me with you.” - -It was no distracted weeping woman who descended from the through -train. Mrs. Grant came out briskly, and looking round at once -recognised the group awaiting her, though she had never before seen -more of them than a photograph of Lucy. The worthy lady had travelled -with plenty of comfortable wraps and a hamper of home-made food. -It gave Lucy some reassurance to note this practical attention to -creature necessities. She could scarcely realise that the sailor’s -wife, a resident in a seaport town, had already stood so often, for -herself and for others, in catastrophes of life and death, hope and -despair, that she had learned that our bodies require adequate support -and consolation if they are, ably and long, to serve and second our -spiritual nature, above all our powers of endurance and initiative. - -“I’ve got no news for you, neither good nor bad,” she said promptly. -“If aught has happened to your husband it has happened to my good man -too. But it’s my private belief that the office folks here know a -little more than they will admit. I got a letter from them yesterday -afternoon saying that they know nothing at all, and I disbelieve that -so much that it was this very letter which made me start off here -straightway. If they do know anything I’ll manage to get it out of them. - -“I don’t imagine they know much,” she hurried on, noting the whiteness -of Lucy’s face. “If they knew much we should hear fast enough, never -you fear. But whatever they know, little or much, I’ll know too, before -I go home!” - -As she spoke, the cab drew up at the Challoners’ house. In the -dining-room the lamps were still alight, revealing the bounteous -breakfast-table which Clementina had spread after removing the -impromptu cups of tea which Lucy and Tom had hastily snatched before -going out. But as Tom opened the hall door with his latchkey he was met -by a pungent odour not given off by toast and ham. - -“An escape of gas!” he cried. - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -CHRONICLES OF AN ANGLO-CALIFORNIAN RANCH. - -BY MARGARET INNES. - - -CHAPTER XI. - - HARD WORK FOR THE MEN—HARDER WORK STILL FOR THE WOMEN—THE - CISTERN—RATTLESNAKES—THE GARDEN—HOMESICKNESS—PIPE-LAYING. - -The ordinary business man at home in England would think it rather a -mad suggestion if his friend were to prophesy that some day he would -have to set to and make his own roads, the drive up to his house, lay -his own water-pipes from the main, build his own rain-water cistern and -cesspool, dig and plant his own garden, and fence that in too. - -I think he would be equally surprised if he could realise how quickly -and easily he would adapt himself to such unaccustomed work, and how -well he could accomplish it. - -To the man who loves an outdoor life, and is clever with his hands, -and has ingenuity, too, and some skill in creating something out of -nothing, “making history,” there is much zest and enjoyment in all -this. But, of course, it is very hard work; and when the sun is fierce -(which it usually is), the glare and heat are most trying, out on the -perfectly shadeless stretches of land. - -The body does not accustom itself easily to these new labours, and the -new burden must not be laid upon it too heavily; all the health-giving -power of ranch life depends largely upon this precaution. Therefore the -question of being able to pay for necessary help is a very important -one. It is pitiful to see the weary, broken struggles of men untrained -and unaccustomed to the heavy physical work of a ranch, and unable to -pay for help. A breakdown, more or less serious, is almost certain, -when the work all falls behind, and things become more and more -hopeless. It is a great mistake for a delicate man, who has broken -down at his office work at home in England, to come out here to ranch, -thinking to recover his health in the open-air life, but not having at -the same time the means to pay for help, nor the capital to be able to -wait the necessary years till his ranch can yield an income. - -Of course, I am not speaking of the man born and bred to such work at -home; he will find a true land of promise here; the pay he can command -(one dollar a day and his board), will soon enable him, if he is a -thrifty fellow, to buy a bit of land and build a home of his own, such -as he could not dream of in the old country; and the work is what he -has always been accustomed to, and for which his body has been trained -for generations. - -But for the man of gentle birth and breeding it is a very different -story. He would be better shut up in an office at home. - -The life is splendidly healthy so long as one is not overdriven; the -physical exercise of the different occupations, and all in the open -air, is like the training of an athlete. Hoeing round the lemon trees -is as good for the chest and arms of the labourer as for the roots -of the lemon trees; but only always if the worker be not overtaxed. -Indeed, from our experience it is only by carrying on sure regular -active work in the open air that one gets the real benefit from this -climate. - -With thirty-one acres planted, we have found the help of one ranchman -with Larry, our eldest son, and his father to be sufficient; so all -our digging and piping and road-making went forward without too heavy -a strain. The accepted theory is that one man can manage ten acres of -planted land, and do justice to it; and a ranchman costs from twenty to -thirty dollars a month, and his keep. - -If the rough work and life are hard for men to accustom themselves -to, it is much harder still for the women, especially, of course, -for delicate women, who are supposed to have been brought out “for -their health.” And here is the place to point out what a farce it is -to suppose that any frail woman could possibly get any benefit out of -the finest climate in the world if, in addition to the burden of her -illness, she has to take upon herself the onerous duties of cook and -housemaid and charwoman, and everything combined. Again the important -question is whether the rancher has money enough to pay the very high -wage demanded for even the simplest household help during at least -five years, while he is waiting for his ranch to yield an income. Even -then the wife must be prepared to work much harder than she was ever -accustomed to at home, since one pair of hands, even if they are the -most talented Chinese hands, necessarily leave a very great deal to -be done. In our case, for instance, the Chinaman never touches the -bedrooms or drawing-room, except to turn them out once a fortnight, -when he leaves them fairly clean, but all topsy-turvy. - -But this is as nothing, when one sees so many ranchers’ wives doing -without any help at all. That is a cruel life for any man to bring his -wife to, unless he has absolutely no other choice; it is to my mind -quite unforgivable. Let such men come without womenfolk. - -We had a wearisome long piece of work—building the rain-water cistern -and the cesspool, for they had to be dug out of the hard granite. The -cistern was finished, however, in time to catch part of the winter’s -rain, and though we feared it would become stagnant, this danger was -quite overcome by the simple little pump used, which is made almost -exactly after the pattern of the old Egyptian pumps, and consists of -a chain of small buckets, which revolves, and as one half come up and -empty themselves through the pump spout, the other half go down into -the water full of air; and thus the contents of the cistern are in this -way constantly revitalised. - -We have never done congratulating ourselves on possessing this cistern, -for the water is always cool and sweet, and as our roof is very large, -it soon fills the cistern, which holds three hundred barrels, and lasts -all the year. The flume water, which we use in irrigation, and which -is also laid on in the house for the boiler, etc., comes from the -mountains in an open aqueduct or flume. It is at times full of moss and -impurities, and is besides quite tepid in the summer. - -We had many discussions, standing on our front verandah, and looking -down the rough hill slope, as to how the drive should be laid out. We -meant to have an avenue of pepper trees on each side, and once these -were planted, the road could not well be altered. Meanwhile, sixteen -more acres had been cleared of roots and brush, ploughed and harrowed -for more lemon trees. In the spring we planted seven hundred young -trees, which made in all one thousand five hundred. - -The kitchen garden was set in order, and fenced in to keep out the -squirrels and rabbits. They were a great nuisance that first year, but -have now retired to their own wild part of the land, which certainly is -roomy enough. The rattlesnakes, too, though we were constantly coming -across them in the beginning, have now quietly withdrawn to the stony -mountain tops. - -That first year I was haunted with the fear of those hideous creatures, -and the dread of an accident to one of my dear ranchers. - -But all the same, it was a thrilling excitement when each one was -caught and brought down to the barn to be gloated over; and though it -was dead, it would still wriggle its ugly body, and snap its terrible -jaws at anything that might touch it, and with the power still of -deadly effect. - -One of the boys brought down from the hill a particularly large fellow, -hanging on a forked stick, its frightful mouth gaping so wide open that -the whole head seemed split in two, and big amber-coloured drops of the -terrible poison hanging to its fangs. - -One certainly gets accustomed to anything; and here even the little -children think nothing of killing a rattlesnake on their way to school. -It is true they are easily killed, and are always in a hurry to get -away. The danger is, of course, that one may tread on them unawares, -for their skin is so like the colour of the ground. But on the road -they are easily seen, and in walking through the brush one keeps a -sharp look-out. - -The house looked terribly bare, perched on the hill-top, without a -touch of green about it and no single patch of shade far or near, so -we were in a great hurry to make the garden, which was to surround the -house, but was only to be a small one, as when once we had made it, -we should, of course, have to keep it in order ourselves. When it was -finished, we could not but laugh at our cypress hedge of baby trees -about ten inches high, standing round so valiantly, and through which -the smallest chicken walked with easy dignity. However, now it is a -thick green wall, six or eight feet high, and there is a fence as well -to keep out barn-yard intruders. - -Shade trees were planted, perhaps too profusely, in our eagerness for -the shade and the dear green for which our eyes so hungered. - -Among the many different pangs of homesickness, a longing for the -trees, and the beautiful green of England, is almost as painful as the -_sehnsucht_ that pinches one so surely at times, for the sight of an -old friend’s face. - -We are unusually fortunate in having within reach exceptionally -charming cultivated people; and their kindliness to the newcomers, has -made all the difference to us in the happiness of our social life. - -But old friends grow ever dearer to the exiled ones, and I often think -that if those at home who have friends in “foreign parts” knew with -what joy and gratitude each simple sign is received, which proves that -still they are remembered, then, indeed, many an odd paper, or little -book, would be dropped into the post, when time or inclination for -letter-writing failed. The paper has tenfold its value, because of the -unwritten message it conveys from friend to friend. - -After the garden was finished, we cleared a piece of land on the -hilltop, at the back of the ranch, about one acre in size, and made a -small plantation there of eucalyptus, for firewood; it grows very fast -and needs little attention. Also six acres on the hill-slopes, that -lay too high for irrigation, and therefore would not do for lemons, we -cleared, and planted with peaches. - -In April we worked hard, laying more piping. Pipe-laying is the -pain and crucifixion of a rancher’s life. No part of the work is so -detested; it is very back-breaking work to begin with, and there are -frantic half hours spent over screws that will not screw, where the -thread of the pipe has been broken or injured in the transit, or -faultily made; and there are the bends in the land, which the pipe has -to be coaxed round, and there are “elbows,” and “tees,” and “unions,” -and “crosses,” and “hydrants,” each of which has its own separate way -of being exasperating. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -DIET IN REASON AND IN MODERATION. - -BY “THE NEW DOCTOR.” - - -PART II. - -THE MIDDAY MEAL. - -Englishmen fall into two classes as regards their diet; those that take -a small lunch and their chief meal in the evening, and those who make -the midday meal the chief and take a small supper before retiring. - -Social position is the chief agent which determines to which class an -individual belongs. The working classes usually dine in the middle of -the day, and the professional and upper classes dine in the evening. - -We will continue our remarks on the diet of the richer classes, not -because it is better or more suitable than the plainer diet of the -working classes, but because the rich naturally keep a more varied -table, and so will give us more material to criticise. - -Luncheon is a desultory sort of meal, and though most people eat -something, many do so only because they think that it is the thing to -do, and not because they are really hungry. - -If you will accompany us, we will go to see the luncheon given by Lord -X. at his Surrey home. But we cannot go as guests, for not only have we -not been invited, but we are going to criticise many things about the -table and the meal. We must, therefore, remain invisible and inaudible, -for it is unpardonable to make remarks at the table, even if those -remarks would save a whole company from indigestion and a sleepless -night. - -Before the meal is served, our eyes are offended by something on the -sideboard which is sufficient to destroy the appetite of any extra -delicately-minded person if she only knew its secrets. - -The object is nothing less than a cold pheasant pie ornamented by -the head or feathers of the bird whose flesh the pie is supposed to -contain. We want you to examine that ornament, and we feel pretty -certain that if you do, you will never again eat meat pies. - -In order that the carcases of dead animals should not encumber the -earth, it has been ordained that when an animal dies, its body rapidly -decomposes and becomes dissolved into simple gases. The agents that -bring about the dissolution of the body are various. The chief agents -which cause the decomposition of organic matter are microbes. The -majority of these do not produce diseases in man, but some of them do, -and some of these you might find on that pheasant pie if you could see -it through a microscope. - -Similarly offensive, but to a less degree, is the practice of putting -pigeons’ feet sticking outside a steak pie to suggest that the -remainder of the birds is inside, and putting feathers into the tails -of roast pheasants. - -One of the chief values of cooking is to sterilise food, so why foul -the food you have so carefully sterilised by sticking decaying matter -into it? - -The first item of the luncheon consists of oysters, and we notice that -only three out of the company of twelve partake of them. As nearly -everybody who can afford them likes oysters, there is probably some -special reason why nine out of twelve persons refuse them. Doubtless it -is the typhoid scare, and we are much pleased to see that some persons, -at all events, do occasionally give a side thought to preventive -medicine. - -The question of the causation of typhoid fever by oysters is one -of great importance, and one that should be clearly understood by -everyone. That oysters are one of the means by which some recent -epidemics of typhoid fever have been spread is undoubted, but the exact -part that they have played is not so easy to understand, for the latest -commission upon the question found that the typhoid bacillus is killed -by immersion in sea-water, that it did not occur in any oysters that -they opened, and when it was injected into the oyster, it was promptly -killed. - -This seems to say emphatically that oysters cannot harbour the typhoid -bacillus, and therefore cannot produce typhoid fever. But medicine is -not as easy as that. That the oysters they examined could not produce -typhoid fever is certain, but their remarks do not by any means prove -that typhoid is not spread by any oysters. - -At one time there was very great excitement about this question, and a -tremendous lot of nonsense was talked about it. Some persons maintained -the typhoid bacillus only occurred in bad oysters. We suppose a bad -oyster is eaten occasionally, but Lord X.’s guests are not likely to be -troubled with bad oysters. - -Oysters cannot cause typhoid fever unless they contain this bacillus, -and they only obtain it from sewers opening into the sea. Therefore it -is only those oysters which have come from places where sewers open -into the sea that can cause typhoid fever. - -Of course, as soon as the oyster scare was started, everybody who -caught typhoid fever attributed it to oysters she had eaten the day, -the week, month, or year before. But the incubation period of typhoid -fever is from one to three weeks; that means that when the bacilli get -into the body they do not produce the disease till from one to three -weeks after infection. Therefore it is only oysters eaten from one to -three weeks before the onset of the fever that could possibly have -caused the disease. As a matter of fact, oysters are a real, but not -very common, method by which typhoid is spread. - -We notice that one of the three guests who have taken oysters discards -one because it is green. He is quite right to do so, for though it -may be quite wholesome, it may be coloured with copper. Doubtless it -would do no harm, but he is quite right not to risk the possibility of -sickness for an oyster! - -Amongst the other items of the luncheon we notice cold beef and salad. -These will furnish us with material for discussion, for there are -several very important medical points in connection with both. - -Cold meat is a very good food in its way, but like all meat it is a -strong food, that is, it is readily digested and furnishes a very large -amount of nourishment. If you make a meal entirely of beef, you will -not suffer from indigestion, because beef is very digestible, but you -will eat too much, you will throw too much nourishment into the blood, -and you will give your organs, especially the liver and kidneys, great -trouble to dispose of the superfluous nourishment. - -Although a cold joint of beef seems so much less rich and strong than -the same joint hot, it is really very much the same in the amount of -nourishment that it contains. People very rarely serve hot meat without -vegetables and surroundings, but it is the fashion to serve cold meat -by itself, with nothing but bread, and most persons eat very little -bread indeed with their meals. - -Meat should never be served alone. Vegetables of some sort must be -served with both hot and cold meat, and far more vegetable and less -meat than is usually served should be your aim. - -Salad is of course a vegetable or vegetables, and if properly prepared -and selected, it is not at all a bad form of food. - -We do not suppose many of you know much of the mysteries of -agriculture, for if you did, such a thing as an unwashed salad would -never appear upon your tables. Salads are not washed half enough, and -an unwashed salad is a most dangerous article of food. All vegetables -are best when rapidly grown, and to grow vegetables rapidly it is -necessary to supply them with strong manures. - -You must thoroughly wash and dry any vegetables that you eat raw, for, -excluding such harmless creatures as slugs and caterpillars, they may -contain germs of disease. Typhoid fever is frequently caused by eating -unwashed salads, especially watercress. This is a far more common -method of getting typhoid than is eating infected oysters. Another -disease almost invariably due to eating infected vegetables is hydatid -disease, a somewhat uncommon affection in England, but one of the most -formidable plagues in Iceland and Australia. - -There are few salads which are not difficult to digest. Corn salad, -French lettuce, endive, beetroot, and watercresses, are the least -indigestible, then come in order, Cos lettuce, chicory, mustard and -cress, cucumber, and radishes. Spring onions usually agree with most -persons, but some people cannot stand onions in any form. Onions always -produce the peculiar and decidedly unpleasant odour of the breath, and -not, as is usually supposed, only in those who cannot digest them. For -the smell is due to the excretion of the volatile oil of onions by the -breath. - -Two excellent salads are potato salad and cold vegetable salad. This -morning we read a recipe for the latter in one of the back numbers -of this paper, and it struck us as being a particularly inviting and -desirable addition to a dinner of cold meat. - -The lunch is finished off with a savoury of herrings’ roes on toast. -These were probably tinned roes, or we will presume they were, so as to -introduce the discussion of the values and dangers of tinned meat. - -The dangers of eating tinned meats have been grossly exaggerated, and -if you pay a reasonable price for tinned provisions, it is extremely -unlikely that they will do you any harm. Unfortunately, many thousands -of “blown” tins of putrid provisions are still sold in London yearly -in spite of the care and close scrutiny of the law. But if you pay -a reasonable sum for your tinned provisions, you will not get these -bad tins. Of course, if you pay fourpence a dozen for tins of milk or -sardines, you cannot expect to get good stuff, and you should always -avoid tins reduced in price, for it usually means that they are very -stale. - -There are two ways in which tinned things may become poisonous, either -the contents may become contaminated with the metal of the cans, or the -meats themselves may undergo alkaloidal degeneration. The former, the -lesser evil, can only occur in tinned meats. The latter, by far the -greater evil, may occur in any preserved provisions, and is perhaps -more common in stores preserved in skins or glasses than in those in -tins. - -Nowadays meats do not often become poisoned by the tins in which they -have been kept. It used to be not uncommon for the solder of the tin -to be dissolved by acid juices in the contents. This was especially -frequent with tinned Morella cherries and other acid tart-fruits. But -now acid fruits are nearly always sold in bottles, and only fruits -which are sweet and not acid are sold in tins. - -The tinned fruits that we get from California are most excellent, and -we have never heard of ill-effects of any kind following their use. The -canning is carried on entirely by girls on the Californian ranches. The -tins are rather dear, but they are much the best things of the kind -that have come beneath our notice. - -The second method by which tinned meats may become poisoned is a -degeneration, or decomposition if you like, by which the wholesome -albumen of the contents is changed into intensely poisonous animal -alkaloids. Alkaloids are very powerful bodies, and the vegetable -alkaloids, such as strychnine, quinine, and morphine, are much used in -medicine. - -But these animal alkaloids are far more powerful for harm than even -the most deadly of the vegetable poisons. So powerful are they that a -quantity of one of them found in canned fish, which killed two adults -who had partaken of it, was insufficient to demonstrate by our most -delicate chemical tests. If these drugs are so powerful for harm, is -it not possible that they may be equally powerful for good, when their -actions and doses are worked out? - -What causes this curious decomposition of preserved provisions is -not known. In tinned meats, at all events, it cannot be ordinary -putrefaction, for this cannot occur without air, and the tins are -air-tight. It is probably due to organisms, but this is uncertain. - -This form of decomposition of meat cannot be told by the flavour of the -provisions; and its deleterious effects cannot be destroyed by boiling. -There is no way to prevent it save by buying preserved provisions which -have not been kept for long. - - - - -AN AFTERNOON “BOOK PARTY.” - - -Though book parties are not very new, they are not, I think, so general -but that the idea may be a new one to some readers of THE GIRL’S OWN -PAPER, and if they have not yet been at one, they may be glad to -have some suggestions on the subject. I think these book afternoons -certainly give a good deal of amusement to the participants without -trouble or appreciable expense to the giver. For the benefit of such as -may feel inclined to entertain their friends in this way, here is the -account of an afternoon party to which I was invited a few weeks back. -These gatherings are, I might say, most suitable for young people; but -though it is a long time since I could class myself amongst the young, -I really enjoyed the merry afternoon we had. Our invitations were for -afternoon tea at 4.30, but in the corner was written, “Book Party.” By -this it was understood that every guest should symbolise some book, not -necessarily by dress, but by wearing some emblem or motto that would -give the name of the book selected. - -The hostess provided as many cards and pencils as there were guests. -These were plain correspondence cards which had been decorated with -pretty or comic designs at the top by the daughter of the house. Each -visitor had a card with pencil given to him or to her on arrival which -was to have the titles and names of the other “books” present written -on it. It need hardly be said that many mistakes are always made, -while in some cases the emblems chosen are so remote that it is hardly -possible to divine the meaning. - -A few of the books represented, and the symbols used, will best explain -this, and may also help any girls who are inclined to inaugurate an -entertainment of this kind. - -On the occasion of which I am writing the host and hostess said they, -together, named a book, though they wore no badge or mark. Of course, -nearly all guessed that they were Wilkie Collins’s _Man and Wife_. A -young lady came in white to represent _The Woman in White_, while a -lady in a silk dress and hat was meant for Black’s _In Silk Attire_. -Then a gentleman wore the hostess’s visiting-card for _Our Mutual -Friend_. A lady wore the sign “Gemini” in her hat for Sarah Grand’s -_Heavenly Twins_. A lucky penny fastened on the shoulder showing the -head with “I win” below it, and a second penny showing the reverse -side, and under that “you lose,” stood for _Bound to Win_. Then -1 o 0 n 0 e 0, written on a card, and worn in a hat, was to be read -_One in a Thousand_, while some coins on a string signified _Hard -Cash_. A bow of orange and green ribbon gave Henty’s book _Orange and -Green_. A neat-looking girl wore a cravat with a piece of the lace -hanging from it for _Never too Late to Mend_, while another young -girl had the word “stood” stuck in her hat for _Misunderstood_. Some -large white wings in a hat gave Black’s novel of that name. A little -sketch of a child with eyes shut and mouth wide open was for _Great -Expectations_. A lad with N & S on the side of his jacket meant to -represent _A Tale of Two Cities_. The word wedding, written in red -ink, was for Jephson’s _Pink Wedding_, and the musical notation of a -chime stood for _The Lay of the Bell_. The queen of hearts out of a -pack of cards was worn by a gentleman to represent Wilkie Collins’s -novel of that name, while “no credit,” stuck in a hat, was meant for -James Payn’s _For Cash Only_. A girl wore her mother’s photograph for -Grace Aguilar’s _Home Influence_. Heartsease, yellow aster, and other -flowers that name books, also small pictures of “Pair of Blue Eyes,” -“Windsor Castle,” “Old St. Paul’s,” and others. There were also some -books of more serious character, such as the _Times Encyclopædia_; the -twenty-five volumes were marked on a belt. Sir J. Lubbock’s _Ants, -Bees, and Wasps_ also found a representative. It is easy to find an -endless variety of book names that one can symbolise in one way or -another, but works of fiction lend themselves the most easily. - -On the particular afternoon of which I am writing we were all -occupied with our cards while tea was being handed. When all seemed -to have finished writing, the hostess took all the cards, and amidst -much laughter the names of the books were read out from each card, -and a prize awarded to the owner of the card with the most correct -guesses on it, and a second prize was given to the one who was least -successful—the “duffer’s prize” it was called. This was a wooden spoon, -which, however, was received with great good humour, the recipient -declaring he had never in his life guessed anything! - -The first prize was a box of sweets, which the winner handed round to -the unsuccessful competitors. - - - - -TO NIGHT. - - - Come, solemn Night, and spread thy pall - Wide o’er the slumbering shore and sea, - And hang along thy vaulted hall - The star-lights of eternity; - Thy beacons, beautiful and bright— - Isles in the ocean of the blest— - That guide the parted spirit’s flight - Unto the land of rest. - - Come—for the evening glories fade, - Quenched in the ocean’s depths profound; - Come with thy solitude and shade, - Thy silence and thy sound; - Awake the deep and lonely lay - From wood and stream, of saddening tone; - The harmonies unheard by day, - The music all thine own! - - And with thy starry eyes that weep - Their silent dews on flower and tree, - My heart shall solemn vigils keep— - My thoughts converse with thee; - Upon whose glowing page expand - The revelations of the sky; - Which knowledge teach to every land, - Of man’s high destiny. - - For while the mighty orbs of fire - (So “wildly bright” they seem to live) - Feel not the beauty they inspire, - Nor see the light they give; - Even I, an atom of the earth— - Itself an atom ’midst the frame - Of nature—can inquire their birth, - And ask them whence they came. - - - - -OUR LILY GARDEN. - -PRACTICAL AIDS TO THE CULTURE OF LILIES. - -BY CHARLES PETERS. - - -There are but few lilies left for us to describe, and these are of very -little importance to the flower-grower. - -[Illustration: _Lilium Auratum._] - -_Lilium Concolor_ and _Lilium Davidii_ are usually considered under the -Isolirion group, but they present such numerous deviations from that -group of lilies that we have decided to make a group of them alone. - -_Lilium Concolor_ is a pretty, little, very variable lily. It is more -suitable for a button-hole decoration than for anything else, but it -has a pleasing effect when grown in great masses. This species has -a very small bulb with few, acute, oblong scales. The plant grows to -about a foot high, and bears from one to three flowers about an inch -and a half across, and of a deep crimson colour spotted with black. The -flowers open very wide, and the filaments are shorter than in any other -lily. Of the great number of varieties of this lily we will describe -two. The first, named _Buschianum_, or _Sinicum_, grows taller, has -larger leaves, and larger and more numerous blossoms, which are of a -fine crimson. - -The second variety, _Coridion_, is by far the handsomest of the group, -bearing large flowers of a bright yellow spotted with brown. _Concolor_ -is a native of Western Asia. Its culture is very simple, and it is -perfectly hardy. - -Of _Lilium Davidii_, we only know that it was discovered by David in -Thibet; that it grows about two feet high, and bears bright yellow -flowers spotted with brown. We also know that there is a plate of this -species in Elwes’s Monograph. The plant is practically unknown to -everybody. - -The last group of lilies, Notholirion, contains two or, as we -have it, three species which are not very well known, and it is a -little doubtful whether they are lilies at all. Formerly they were -considered to be fritillaries, and certainly they bear more superficial -resemblance to those plants than they do to the lilies. - -Most authors include _Lilium Oxypetalum_ among the Archelirions, -because its flowers are widely expanded. But as in every other -particular it differs completely from that group of lilies, we have -separated it from _L. Auratum_ and _L. Speciosum_, and placed it among -the Notholirions, to which it bears considerable resemblance. - -This little-known lily was formerly called Fritillaria oxypetala, and -bears more resemblance to the fritillaries than it does to the lilies. -The bulb is oblong, with but few lance-shaped scales. The stem grows to -the height of about fifteen inches, and bears about twenty or thirty -leaves, resembling those of our native snake’s-head fritillary in -every particular. One or two blossoms are borne on each stem. They -are pale lilac, star-like blossoms, with numerous little hairs on the -bases of the segments. The petals are acutely pointed. The anthers are -scarlet. - -This plant is a native of the Western Himalayas. It is very uncommon in -gardens. We have never possessed it, and know nothing of its culture. - -The two lilies _Lilium Roseum_ and _Lilium Hookeri_ are now included in -this genus, but they have been referred first to the lilies, then to -the fritillaries, then back again to the lilies, and so on. And it is -very doubtful if they are even now in their last resting-place. - -The bulbs of these lilies are invested in dense membranous tunics like -those of the daffodil. _Lilium Roseum_ grows to about two feet high; -_L. Hookeri_ rarely reaches half this height. The leaves are said to -bear bulblets in their axils. Six to thirty little nodding bell-like -blossoms of a deep lilac colour are produced by _L. Roseum_, but _L. -Hookeri_ rarely produces more than eight blossoms. But little is known -of these lilies. They are both natives of the Himalayas, and are said -to be somewhat tender. They may be grown in a mixture of rubble, old -bricks, sand, and leaf mould. - -We have never grown them ourselves, as it is practically impossible -to obtain bulbs. We have seen _L. Roseum_ in blossom, and were not -particularly impressed by it. - -Had we been describing roses, chrysanthemums, hyacinths, or any other -flowers which are highly cultivated, we would have dismissed the -natural species with a very brief description, and turned our chief -attention to the artificial varieties and hybrids. - -But with lilies it is different. As we have seen, there are very many -natural species. Indeed, the species almost outnumber the varieties, -and these latter are rarely very different from the parent species. As -regards double-flowered varieties, we have seen that only four lilies -bear them, whereas nine-tenths of the cultivated varieties of roses and -chrysanthemums are double. - -[Illustration: NIGHT. - -(_From the painting by Gabriel Max._) - - [_Photo by F. Hanfstaengl._] - -And when we pass on to consider the hybrid lilies, we are likewise -astonished at their paucity. Why are hybrid lilies so uncommon? Let us -see if we can fathom the mystery. - -One reason is that the majority of lilies never bear seed in England. -Many, even in their native climes, bear seed but rarely, the natural -method of increase being by bulblets. Another reason with us is the -exceeding difficulty of raising lily-seed. They take so long to -germinate that most seeds are destroyed before they show any sign of -life. - -Still, we believe that there is a great future for the hybridisation -on lilies. Perhaps you would like to try it yourself. Then proceed as -follows. - -Let us cross _Lilium Auratum_ with _Lilium Speciosum_. Choose -well-grown specimens of each lily. Let the buds develop till they begin -to change colour. Then remove every bud except one—the best—from each -plant. The remaining bud of the _L. Auratum_ must then be slipped open, -and the anthers removed. It may then be allowed to open naturally, but -it must be carefully protected from insects of any kind, lest one of -these should bring to it a pollen grain from another blossom of its own -species. When the _L. Speciosum_ has matured its pollen, cut off the -anthers, and rub the pollen upon the style of the _L. Auratum_. - -Three things may now happen. The first, the most likely, is that the -flower will die, and will not produce seed. The second is that the -plant will produce seed, but these, when they have been grown into -flowering bulbs, will reproduce unaltered _L. Auratum_. The third—last -and least likely possibility—is that the plant will produce seed which, -when grown and flowered, will produce blossoms which partake of the -characters of its two parents. In other words, these last are genuine -hybrids. - -It is extremely unlikely that more than one per cent. of the seeds will -produce a blossom which bears the marks of both parents. The majority -will either die, or else be simple _L. Auratum_, without anything to -show that they are hybrids. - -Even with those rare plants which definitely show their hybrid origin, -a great diversity of colouring may be observed. But the colour of the -parents is very variable, and after a few years the hybrid lily looses -the characteristics of the _L. Speciosum_ and becomes merely a reddish -variety of _L. Auratum_. - -But there are two hybrid lilies which are quite constant, and as they -are two of the finest of the whole group, they are well worth growing. - -_Lilium Alexandræ_, the Japanese “Uki Ure” or “Hill Lily,” is in all -probability a hybrid between _Lilium Auratum_ and _Lilium Longiflorum_. -We say “in all probability,” for we are not quite certain that it is -not a true species. - -There are some persons who think that one white lily is much like -another. But put side by side _L. Alexandræ_, _L. Longiflorum_, and _L. -Candidum_. Are they alike? Could anyone mistake one for another? Surely -not! They differ in every detail—even in colour. The long trumpet of -_L. Longiflorum_ is delicate greenish-white. The Madonna lily is like -porcelain; and the hill lily possesses a rich milky hue, somewhat -resembling the colour of _L. Brownii_, which we so much admired. - -And in shape how different they are. One is a long and regular trumpet, -another is a shallow cup, and the lily we are specially considering -is widely opened with its segments slightly curved, the whole blossom -resembling a gigantic white star. - -_Lilium Alexandræ_ is not a big lily. It grows about two feet high and -bears from one to four blossoms. These blossoms are very large, of a -rich milky white, resembling in shape those of _L. Auratum_. The pollen -is chocolate colour. The fragrance of this lily is very great. On the -evening of a hot day in the middle of August last year we could detect -the scent of a bed of these lilies, then in full bloom, at the distance -of over one hundred yards. Its scent is rich and full, something -between that of jasmine and vanilla. - -The culture of this hybrid is not difficult. It is best grown in pots, -for it is very sensitive to rain at its flowering period. In rigorous -districts this lily should be grown in a cool greenhouse, but in the -south of England it will grow to perfection out of doors. The soil -should consist of equal parts of peat, very finely broken, leaf-mould, -and sharp sand. It wants a very large quantity of water. - -Few lilies have given us greater pleasure than _L. Alexandræ_. It is -one of those plants which are so striking that it is impossible to -forget them when you have once seen them. It is so very delicate, so -pure and so fragrant. - -Doubtless most of our readers are acquainted with the old Nankeen lily. -This is a very old favourite, and is usually thought to be a true -species, but for all that it is almost for certain a hybrid between _L. -Candidum_ and _L. Chalcedoniam_. This plant rejoices in a goodly number -of names, of which _L. Testaceum_, _L. Isabellinum_, and _L. Excelsum_ -are the commonest. - -This lily is unknown in the wild state, and its origin is very obscure. -It is an English garden hybrid, but who first raised it or possessed it -is unknown. - -Yet it is a very striking lily, growing to the height of four or five -feet and producing a great cluster of buff-coloured blossoms. In -general features it resembles its parent _L. Candidum_, but the flower -shows a distinct connection with the Martagons. Its colour certainly -is not derived from either of its parents. A mixture of scarlet and -pure white should give pink; but _L. Testaceum_ is of a yellowish-buff -colour. The lily which it most nearly resembles is _L. Monodelphum_; -but though very fine, it is nothing like so splendid as that queen of -the Martagons. - -This lily is distinctly a cottage-garden flower. Except in that -situation it is never seen. Yet it is common enough in old -cottage-gardens, and a more befitting flower can scarcely be imagined. -It looks old—in keeping with the place which it enhances by its -presence. - -The cultivation of this lily is the same as that of _L. Candidum_. It -does not do well until it is well established, and it has a particular -objection to growing in modern gardens. - -_Lilium Parkmanni_ is the hybrid between _L. Auratum_ and _L. -Speciosum_. Genuine specimens bear blossoms somewhat intermediate -between the parent species. - -There is also a hybrid between _L. Hansoni_ and _L. Martagon -Dalmaticum_, called _Lilium Dalhansoni_. - -These four hybrids are the only ones which deserve to be mentioned, and -of these only the first two are worth a place in the flower-garden. - -(_To be concluded._) - - - - -CHOCOLATE DATES. - - -Have you ever tasted chocolate dates? If so, these directions will be -almost needless to you, for I fancy that you will not have stopped at -a taste, but will have tried and found out a way to manufacture them -for yourself. But so far as I know, these dates are, as yet, quite a -home-made sweet, and they are so delicious and so wholesome that they -ought to be more widely known. Here then is the recipe. Any sort of -dates and any sort of chocolate may be used, but the best results are -got from the best materials in confectionary even more than in other -work. Take then a pound of Tunis dates, either bought in the familiar -oblong boxes or by the pound. Leave out any which are not perfectly -ripe; the soapy taste of one of these paler, firmer dates is enough to -disgust anyone with dates for ever. Wipe the others very gently with a -damp cloth (dates are not gathered by the Dutch!), slit them lengthwise -with a silver knife, but only so far as to enable you to extract the -kernel without bruising the fruit. Then prepare the chocolate. Grate a -quarter of a pound of best French chocolate, add an equal weight of -fresh icing sugar, two tablespoonfuls of boiling water, and mix in a -small brass or earthenware saucepan over the fire until quite smooth, -only it must _not_ boil; last of all add a few drops of vanilla. - -Then put your small saucepan inside a larger one half filled with -boiling water, just to keep the chocolate fluid until all the dates -are filled. Take up a little of the mixture in a teaspoon, press open -the date, and pour it neatly in. There must be no smears or threads of -chocolate if your confectionary is to look dainty. When about a dozen -are filled, gently press the sides together, and the chocolate should -just show a shiny brown ridge in the middle of the date. Place on a -board in a cool place to harden; they may be packed up next day. - -Almost as nice as chocolate dates are nougat dates. The foundation -for the nougat is the same as for American candies: the white of one -egg and an equal quantity of cold water to half a pound of sifted -icing sugar, all mixed perfectly smoothly together. Then chop equal -quantities of blanched walnuts, almonds, Brazils, and hazel nuts -together, mix with the sugar in the proportion of two thirds of nut to -one of the sugar mixture, and leave until next day in the cellar. By -that time the nougat will be firm enough to form into kernels by gently -rolling between the hands; if it sticks, your hands are too warm. It is -best to do this part of the work in the cellar. Having stoned and first -wiped your dates, put in the nougat kernels, gently pressing the sides -together; they will harden in a short time, and very pretty they look -packed alternately with the chocolate dates in fancy boxes. Tunis dates -do not keep good much longer than two months, the grocer tells me; we -have never been able to keep them half that time to try! Of course, you -can use the commoner dates, which are very good to eat, but hardly so -nice to look at as the others, because on account of their more sugary -consistency it is impossible to fill them so neatly as the moister -Tunis dates. Tafilat dates are somehow too dry and solid to combine -well either with nuts or chocolate. - - - - -HOW WE MANAGED WITHOUT SERVANTS. - -BY MRS. FRANK W. W. TOPHAM, Author of “The Alibi,” “The Fateful -Number,” etc. - - -CHAPTER III. - -The hot July days brought us such good news from Cannes that our hearts -were all light with the hope of soon welcoming our parents back, and -Cecilly was especially happy at being promised several more pupils -after the summer holidays were over. Mrs. Moore, the old lady to whom I -read, had hinted that she might require more of my time in the autumn, -so we had every reason to be light-hearted and to forget the hardness -of our work with so much to be thankful for. Only poor old Jack looked -graver as the days went by, and my heart ached for him with his secret -trouble. - -It was nearly the end of July that one morning Cynthia came tapping at -the kitchen door, where I was surrounded with materials for dinner. - -“Where is Cecilly?” she asked, and on my telling her Cecilly was out, -giving music lessons, she told me she had tickets for a concert that -afternoon, and she knew how much she would like to go. - -I knew so too, and at once said I would leave my cooking till the -afternoon and finish a smart blouse Cecilly had been making for herself. - -“Do let me do the cooking while you sew,” Cynthia asked, but I said she -had better not as the dinner was to be what the boys called a triumph -of “mind over matter,” meaning a dinner was to be made out of scraps, -which was always tiring work. But Cynthia insisted on being cook. - -I had already sent Beatrice Ethel, the little boot-girl, out for a -quart of skimmed or separated milk which Cecilly made into _Sago Soup_: -Take three or four onions and boil them in the milk till soft enough to -run through a sieve. Boil six large potatoes and rub through sieve. Put -all back into milk with pepper and salt. Add a teacup of sago, tapioca, -rice, or some macaroni. But sago is best. Send up fried bread with this. - -Our meat course was to be breakfast pies, and as there were some -scraps over, Cynthia made a mulligatawny pâté, which would come in for -breakfast. - -Our pudding was a _German Pudding_: 1 lb. flour, 1 teaspoonful of -carbonate of soda rubbed into the flour, 6 oz. of scraped fat, ½ lb. -treacle melted in milk. To be boiled for three hours. This would have -been sufficient for our dinner, but Cynthia begged to make a few jam -tarts, as she “loved making pastry.” Whey they were finished, she had -a piece of pastry over, which she turned into _Cheese Puffs_. She -rolled out her paste, sprinkled it thickly with cheese and “Paisley -Flour,” repeating the process several times. She brushed them over with -a little egg, and baked them at once. I suggested, as we were well -off for milk, she might make a custard to eat with our pudding, with -“Bird’s Custard Powder,” but only on condition that she asked leave to -come back with Cecilly to help us eat such a grand dinner. Lately I had -noticed that she had been allowed to accept our invitations for the -evening, and although it seemed a mistake for Jack to be in her company -too often, it was such a delight for him to find her with us when he -returned home, I could not resist asking her. - -Cecilly had of course accepted Cynthia’s invitation to the concert with -much delight, and I, having locked up the house, had spent a pleasant -afternoon with dear Aunt Jane, who had given me a great bunch of -beautiful white lilies, and a basket of gooseberries for the boys. - -I was only just back when I heard Cecilly’s knock, and finding her -alone I asked if Cynthia were not coming to dinner. - -“Yes, indeed she is,” answered Cecilly, “and what do you think? Mr. -Marriott has invited himself also!” - -“Oh, Cecilly,” I cried. “You must go at once and get some fish and some -fruit,” but Cecilly interrupted me, saying— - -“No, he stipulates that we make no change. He is coming to eat -Cynthia’s cooking, and I promised him we would have nothing extra, -except some coffee.” - -Of course I brought out our best table linen and china, rubbed up -our silver and glass, and with Aunt Jane’s lilies for decoration our -dinner-table looked as nice as possible. Cecilly ran up the road to -meet Jack to tell him the news as soon as she saw him, and we had to be -quite determined not to be over-ruled, so anxious was he for various -additions to our meal. - -“Could you not run to Aunt Jane and ask her to lend us her maid,” he -asked, but I insisted on no change being made. - -“Mr. Marriott is coming to see how clever Cynthia is, and not to -quiz us,” I replied, so Jack had to be content. The soup was a great -success. We turned the Mulligatawny pie into an _entrée_, and added the -jam tarts to the pudding course. Cecilly and Bob fetched and carried -the dishes, though I slipped out during the cheese course to make the -coffee for dessert. - -We were a very merry party at dinner, and Cynthia had many -congratulations from us all. Jack and Mr. Marriott were a long time -before they joined us in the drawing-room, but when they came the -evening was one of the pleasantest we had spent since dear father’s -illness. Jack was so much more like his old self, and Mr. Marriott so -positive of father’s recovery that every doubt and perplexity of life -fled, and it seemed to me that all the pain of separation and the grave -anxieties of the past were now fled for ever. Cecilly and the boys had -gone up to bed while I waited for Jack to return from walking back with -Cynthia and her father, and when he came in I saw at once he had good -news for me. - -“Oh, Kitty,” he cried, in his old boyish manner, “you can never guess -what Mr. Marriott has said to me this evening. He said he always knew -a good son would make a good husband, but that he felt his little girl -would never make a good wife for a poor man. But, Kitty Mavourneen, -he says you and Cecilly have shown her the way, and if, when she is -twenty-one, I like to ask her to be my wife, he won’t send me away.” - -I was obliged to run upstairs to call Cecilly to hear these good -tidings, and Cecilly in her dressing-gown, with her hair streaming down -her back, rushed down the stairs at a bound to hug Jack in a way she -had not dared to do since he had grown “so cross and old.” - -It was but a few weeks afterwards that we were welcoming father and -mother back once more—father, older-looking certainly than before his -illness, but no longer an invalid, while mother looked stronger and -rosier than any of us could remember her. They were both surprised to -find how well we could manage the housework, though father insisted on -our keeping Beatrice Ethel all day to do the heaviest work. - -“As soon as I am in work again,” he said, “we must find a strong -servant once more,” and on our protesting he answered, “My darlings, -you were perfectly right in doing without servants as you have done. -Now there is really no necessity, and it is wiser for Cecilly to spend -her time over her music, to enable her to teach others. You, dear -Kitty, we will gladly spare to Mrs. Moore, knowing you can help her -in her infirmity. This work you are both fitted to undertake, and you -can then conscientiously leave the housework to those other girls, -who, not having had the education God has permitted you to have, can -only labour with their hands and hearts. Your experience will make you -better mistresses, I am convinced. You will be more competent to teach -and more sympathetic over failures and shortcomings, and will never in -all your life regret that all these months you have managed without -servants.” - - - - -VARIETIES. - - -SOME GAELIC PROVERBS. - -Most shallow—most noisy. - -The eye of a friend is an unerring mirror. - -Oft has the wise advice proceeded from the mouth of folly. - -As a man’s own life, so is his judgment of the lives of others. - -God cometh in the time of distress, and it is no longer distress when -He comes. - -The fortunate man awaits and he shall arrive in peace; the unlucky -hastens and evil shall be his fate. - - -LIFE AND DEATH. - - I live, and yet I know not why, - Unless it be I live to die: - I die—and dying live in vain, - Unless I die to live again. - - -AN ABSOLUTE CERTAINTY.—Amid the mysteries which become the more -mysterious the more they are thought about, there will remain the one -absolute certainty that man is ever in presence of an Infinite and -Eternal Energy from which all things proceed. - - -PASSING AN EXAMINATION. - -Here is how Professor William James of Harvard, in his student days, -passed an examination before the late Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes. - -The first question put to him was as to the nerves at the base of the -brain. It so happened that Mr. James was well up in the subject, and he -promptly gave an exhaustive reply. - -“Oh, well, if you know that you know everything,” said Dr. Holmes -cheerfully. “Let’s talk about something else. How are all your people -at home?” - - - - -SHEILA’S COUSIN EFFIE. - -A STORY FOR GIRLS. - -BY EVELYN EVERETT-GREEN, Author of “Greyfriars,” “Half-a-dozen -Sisters,” etc. - - -CHAPTER XX. - -THE STORM BREAKS. - -“It is simply disgraceful. You have made yourself the talk of the -hotel. I am ashamed that you belong to my party; and you shall go home -on Monday in the mail. I will not have the responsibility any longer of -a girl who has no sense of obedience or of the fitness of things. Back -you shall go at once. Your uncle will telegraph, and somebody shall -meet you at the other end. But stay here any longer to behave in this -way you most certainly shall not!” - -Sheila stood white-faced and almost terrified before her aunt. She was -still in her riding-habit. She had come in so happily from her scramble -with Ronald down by the shore; and with never a misgiving had run -upstairs and entered the sitting-room before going to dress for dinner. - -There she found her aunt alone, waiting for her as it now seemed; and -without warning the tempest had broken over her head. She scarcely -knew even now of what she stood accused. It seemed as though every sin -of every sort had been laid at her door. She could at first scarcely -get at the gist of what her angry aunt could mean; but as Mrs. Cossart -proceeded it gradually dawned upon Sheila that she was being accused of -having carried on a bare-faced flirtation with Ronald Dumaresq, and of -having made herself the talk of the hotel in so doing. - -It was like a stinging blow in the face to the sensitive girl. She was -almost stunned by the rush of feeling that came over her. A few weeks -ago she could have borne it better—she would have been more angry, but -less overwhelmed with pain and shame. - -The wakening womanhood within her made the accusation almost -intolerable. The very looks and words which had passed between them -that day seemed to rise up before her in a bewildering mist. Could -it possibly be true what her aunt was saying? Had she been forward, -unwomanly, fast? Had she made people remark upon her—got herself talked -of as a flirt?—hateful title that Sheila recoiled from as from a -blow. She had liked to be with Ronald, she had thought he liked being -with her. But her aunt had said it was she who was always entrapping -him—those were the very words. Oh, how cruel, how cruel and unjust! But -it was not true, no, it was not! Only if such things were being said, -she could never, never, never see Ronald again all her life! - -A wave of sudden desolation seemed to sweep over Sheila. A rush of hot -tears flooded her eyes. She burst into sobs and flung herself down on -the sofa, crying— - -“Oh, how can you say such cruel things? How can you?” - -“I say them for your good—because they are true,” answered Mrs. -Cossart, her anger in no way appeased by the sight of Sheila’s grief; -“and there is the less excuse for you, because you have always had -Effie’s example before you. You will never find her lowering herself by -running after young men as you have been doing; and I tell you, Sheila, -that nothing so disgusts those very young men as seeing girls do this. -They humour them at the time for their amusement, and because their -vanity is flattered; but in the end they despise them. Mr. Dumaresq has -been very kind to you, but he must know perfectly well that you are -trying to get him for a husband.” - -Sheila suddenly started up, her face suddenly grown white. - -“Aunt Cossart, you shall not say that again! I will not bear it from -you. Yes, I will go away. I would not stay after this. Where is my -uncle? Let me talk to him, but please do not say another word. I cannot -bear it!” - -There was something in the girl’s sudden change of manner that half -frightened Mrs. Cossart. She did not particularly want Sheila and her -uncle to meet just now. - -“Your uncle has gone downstairs,” she answered uneasily, “you can see -him after dinner.” - -“I shall not go down to dinner,” said Sheila, putting up her hand to -her head in a dazed way. “My head aches. I shall go to bed. If I am -going away on Monday, I think I won’t come down to meals any more.” - -“Well, I think you had better go to bed,” said Mrs. Cossart. “You -have had a tiring day, and you don’t look yourself. I don’t mean to -be unkind, Sheila, but you have no mother, and it is my duty to speak -plainly sometimes.” - -“Then I am sure you have done your duty, Aunt Cossart,” said Sheila, -giving one direct look at her aunt, and then the wave of bitterness -surged over her once more. The tears rushed to her eyes; she felt as -though she were choking, and in a blind sort of way she darted from the -room, dashed into the one she shared with Effie, and flinging herself -upon her bed broke into wild weeping. - -Effie had just finished her toilet, her face was rather flushed, and -she looked uncomfortable and displeased. The maid was putting the room -to rights, and cast a compassionate glance at the prone figure on the -bed. She had received orders to pack up Sheila’s things in readiness -for the mail on Monday, and as this was Saturday evening and no word -had been spoken previously of such a thing, she divined that there had -been a “row.” Probably she had a shrewd guess as to the cause, but of -course she made no remark, finished her task and went away. - -Effie came and stood by Sheila. - -“Don’t cry so,” she said. “It’s a pity it has happened, but nobody will -remember anything about it when you are gone. The Barretts are going -in the mail on Monday. They will take care of you, and be pleased to -have you. You always get on with people. And it’s better to go than to -have bothers all the time.” - -Effie was half glad, half sorry to be rid of Sheila. In a way she was -fond of her cousin, but she had become rather jealous of her too. And -then her foolish mother had fostered in her the belief that Ronald -Dumaresq would certainly pay his addresses to her if only Sheila would -let him alone, and not be perpetually attracting him off to herself. -Effie had been taken by Ronald from the first, and was flattered at -being told of his preference. She had begun to fancy herself more or -less in love with him, as girls with nothing better to think about are -rather disposed to do. She liked to picture herself the mistress of an -establishment, with a handsome young husband to take her about. If it -were true that Ronald admired her, it was a thousand pities he should -not have a fair field. Effie did not pause to consider that he had an -excellent opportunity as it was for prosecuting his wooing, and that if -he let himself be turned from his purpose by Sheila’s “machinations”—as -her mother called it—his love could not be very deep or true. She was -accustomed to be led by her mother’s opinions; and she had become very -jealous of the way in which people “took up” Sheila, and left her out -in the cold. - -As Sheila made no answer, Effie moved away, and joining her mother in -the next room remarked— - -“You have upset her very much, but I suppose she will get over it. -I think she won’t come down to-night, her face will be all red and -swollen. What shall we say to people? Shall you tell them she is going -to be sent home?” - -Mrs. Cossart looked a little taken aback. She had overlooked the fact -that some explanation would have to be given of this exceedingly sudden -arrangement. She looked at her daughter, and then said slowly— - -“Well, we won’t say anything to-night, only that Sheila has a headache -and cannot come down. You will have a chance of talking to Mr. Dumaresq -at table now, Effie. I am quite tired of the sound of Sheila’s laugh, -and her way of getting his notice all for herself.” - -But Effie found Ronald rather abstracted, and she did not make much way -with him. After he heard that Sheila was not coming down he seemed to -go off into a brown study; and it was only when Mr. Cossart suddenly -seemed to drop a bomb in their midst that he took note of what was -passing. - -“Yes, she is to go home on Monday, my wife has decided,” Mr. Cossart -remarked to Miss Adene, all unconscious of his wife’s warning looks. -“We brought her out for a little holiday and amusement; and now she -will go back home to another uncle of hers. Oh, yes, we shall all miss -her. She is a merry little puss. But we think she has been here long -enough. Mrs. Barrett has kindly promised to take care of her on the -voyage home.” - -Ronald’s eyes had fixed themselves upon Mr. Cossart’s face. - -“Are you speaking of Miss Cholmondeley? Surely it has been arranged -rather suddenly?” - -“Well, we have talked of it often,” said Mrs. Cossart interposing. -“Sheila only came out for a time, not for the whole season. It is the -chance of sending her back with such a good escort that has settled the -matter. She will be very happy with the Barretts. They have made such -friends, she and the girls.” - -“It is strange she said nothing all day, when we were making all sorts -of plans for the future,” said Ronald; and both Mr. and Mrs. Cossart -looked so uncomfortable that Lady Dumaresq changed the subject. - -There was no walking up and down the corridor or verandah with Ronald -that evening, for he followed his party direct into their private -sitting-room at the end of the ground-floor passage, and appeared no -more that night. - -“What does it mean?” he asked, with a note of indignation in his voice. - -Miss Adene and Lady Dumaresq exchanged glances. They had seen perfectly -through the clumsy manœuvre. Their eyes had been observing the turn -affairs were taking for some while. They were not altogether unprepared -for some such development. - -“Now, Ronald,” said Lady Dumaresq quietly, “it is no use your putting -yourself into a fume and fret about this. It is very evident that Mrs. -Cossart is jealous of Sheila, because she so entirely eclipses Effie. -It is not a very surprising thing that it should be so. We must allow -for a mother’s weakness. Perhaps you have yourself helped to bring -about the crisis by a rather too visible admiration for the little -girl. You were not quite wise to-day, for instance; and she is too much -the child to be on her guard; and if people do talk——” - -“Let them,” answered Ronald rather proudly. “I am not afraid of having -my name coupled with that of the girl I intend to make my wife!” - -They all smiled at him. They were all in sympathy with his bold -declaration. Lady Dumaresq held out her hand, and Sir Guy laid an -affectionate arm over his shoulder. - -“So it has come to that, has it, Ronald? Well, I am glad to hear it. -But a little patience will not hurt either of you; and you will know -better after a separation whether she cares for you in the way you -wish.” - -“After a separation!” repeated Ronald rather blankly. “But I mean to -come to an understanding before they send her away. I may even be able -to stop it if she is my——” - -But Lady Dumaresq laid a gentle hand upon his lips. - -“Ronald,” she said, “that would not be wise. Indeed it would scarcely -be fair and right to her.” - -“What do you mean?” he questioned quickly. - -“I mean that the question you have to ask Sheila is too solemn and -serious a one to be put when she is in a mist of bewilderment, sorrow, -and indignation, which is sure to be the case. You would come to her -then as a sort of champion and deliverer, and she would very likely -accept you in that impulse of gratitude, whether or no her heart be -deeply stirred. Do not win her in that impetuous way, Ronald. It will -not hurt either of you to bear the yoke for awhile—to learn what -patience has to teach. Her character will develop in the school of -life’s discipline, as it has not done when all has been sunshine. Let -her go now, Ronald. Prove your own heart first, then if you find it -unchanged, seek her out later, and win her if you can. Believe me, it -will be best so. I do not know what has passed between Sheila and her -aunt, but whatever it is, I would not have you seek an interview now.” - -And indeed, had Ronald desired it, it is doubtful if he could have -obtained sight of Sheila. She remained in bed most of Sunday with a -violent headache. Miss Adene and Lady Dumaresq stole up to see her, to -whisper a few kind words and then retire. And when Monday came she was -nothing but a little white-faced, woe-begone creature, so unlike the -Sheila of the past weeks that her friends would scarcely have known her. - -She would not say good-bye to anybody. She shrank from the thought of -what they might have been told as to her sudden departure. Every nerve -was tingling with pain, and shame, and misery. - -The boat was in early, and whilst the rest of the people were at -lunch, Sheila got her uncle to take her down to the quay and see her on -board, for she felt she would sink into the ground if Ronald were to -come out and see her, and say good-bye before the rest of the people. - -“Well, I am thankful she went off so quietly,” said Mrs. Cossart, as -they discussed the matter together before descending to dinner. “I was -afraid there might be a scene, but there is no accounting for Sheila. -She did not even want to say good-bye to the Dumaresq party, and if -some of them hadn’t come up here, she would have gone off without even -that. Girls are the queerest, most capricious creatures! Well, it’s all -happily over; and, Effie, you will have Sheila’s place now at table, -and nobody to interfere with you. Mr. Dumaresq——” - -But Effie tossed her head rather defiantly. She had not got much change -out of Mr. Dumaresq these last few _table d’hôte_ meals. - -“I don’t care for Mr. Dumaresq so mighty much. I’m not going to put -myself out of the way for him. I don’t think I care so particularly -for fashionable young men. I don’t mind him, but I’m not going to -put myself out of the way just to amuse him. I think he’s very dull -sometimes. I don’t know what you all see in him to make such a fuss!” - -Mrs. Cossart rather felt as though she had taken an infinity of trouble -for a chimera of her own brain, and when she reached the dining-room -her jaw almost dropped. She had pictured the amalgamation which would -take place between Effie and the Dumaresqs now that Sheila had gone; -but what did she see? - -The whole Dumaresq party had moved bodily to the side table, hitherto -occupied by the Barretts, who had left to-day. Some new arrivals from -the Cape had been given the seats next to the Cossarts—loud-voiced -colonials with rather bad manners, who talked amongst themselves and -seemed not to desire the acquaintance of their neighbours. - -Mrs. Cossart sat in dismayed silence through the meal, and when she -went into the drawing-room afterwards, she fancied that all the people -looked coldly at her. Nobody spoke either to her or to Effie, and they -soon retired to their own rooms. - -Was this a sample of what would result from her laborious attempt to -promote her daughter’s popularity? - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -THINGS IN SEASON, IN MARKET AND KITCHEN. - -BY LA MÉNAGERE. - - -September, the hunter’s moon, brings us such an abundance in our -markets that it is difficult to say just what is peculiar to the month. -Undoubtedly the most prominent feature is moor game, and now is the -time when even moderate purses may safely indulge in this. Hares, -rabbits, grouse, partridges, and wild duck give an excellent choice, -and poultry also is prime and not dear. - -Fresh-water fish come in this month, and are often most useful to -country hostesses, as well as affording sport to her guests. The -orchards are laden now with fast-ripening fruit, and if this harvest -is a fairly plentiful one we may indeed be glad. Nuts will find an -excuse for many delightful nutting parties among the children, and -the storing of fruits and vegetables from the garden will keep the -housekeeper busy. Damsons should be plentiful towards the end of this -month, and will want making into jam and cheese, and we expect also to -gather blackberries—another excuse for picnicking—nor must we leave -mushrooms out of the list. Indeed, September is the harvest-month in -many senses, for we have the wild crops ready for garnering, as well as -the cultivated ones of garden and field. - -The poorest country-dweller may make a profit now who has the wit and -the energy to seek for nature’s bounty, as these wild things invariably -meet with a ready sale in towns. - -Besides these we have other things provided by a bountiful providence -which we ought to appreciate better than we do. See the glorious -colouring that the leaves of the hedgerow trees take on; note the -rushes swaying in the brook, the berries of the mountain-ash, as well -as of the dog-rose; all these are profitable to town florists, who will -generally pay a fair price for such things. To the home decorator all -these are very valuable—or will be in the days that will come all too -soon, when no flowers are to be had for the table. If slightly dried -and brushed over with a very weak solution of gum arabic, then dried -again, these will keep for a long time without losing their colour. -Some of the very prettiest table decorations ever seen have been made -with coloured leaves and berries. For tall jars in the corners of -rooms, purple thistles, white honesty, brown bulrushes, copper beech -boughs, and scarlet ash-berries combined, make a truly lovely show. - -In the garden we have dahlias and sunflowers defying the wane that -seems to make everything else look dreary, and by and by we shall -have chrysanthemums in all their brave glory to brighten house and -greenhouse. What a glory do these give to the last days of the dying -year. - -But the year is far from ending in September; we have many things yet -to enjoy, and possibly many guests to entertain, and always much to see -to, as prudent housewives. - -A plentiful crop of wild mushrooms proves a great help to us now, and -we are glad to remind ourselves of different ways of using them. For -instance, with bacon or eggs at breakfast, _au gratin_ at dinner, on -toast at all times, they are acceptable. With field mushrooms we have -need to be very careful lest we inadvertently give ourselves some that -are poisonous and unfit for food. Dr. Badham, author of the _Esculent -Funguses of England_, enumerates no less than forty-eight species -of edible fungi, all of which are good to eat. According to him the -majority of fungi are harmless, but his account of the effects of the -poisonous minority is enough to alarm the most trustful. - -The easiest way to detect whether fungi are wholesome or not is to -insert a silver spoon into the stew in which they are present, and if -poisonous it will quickly turn black; a peeled onion will also turn -blue or bluish-black, and is an even easier test. If either of these on -being withdrawn shows their own natural colour, the mushrooms may be -regarded as harmless. - -Mushroom ketchup is regarded by all housewives as one of the treasures -of the store-cupboard, and that which is home-made is generally better -than any that can be bought. - -It is best when made of the large flap mushrooms, fresh, but fully -ripe. They must be gathered during very dry weather, if the ketchup -is to keep properly. Do not wash or peel them but wipe them clean, -and remove all decayed pieces and part of the stalks. Put them into a -gallon stone jar, and strew salt liberally over them. Let them remain -a night, and the next day stir them up, and repeat this for two or -three days. At the end of the third day put the jar into the oven and -let them stew a short time, then gently pour off the liquid, but do -not squeeze them at all. To every quart put an ounce of Jamaica and -black peppercorns, two or three pieces of rase ginger, and a blade of -mace. Boil again for perhaps half an hour, let it stand aside until -cold, then put into dry bottles, and cork it up tightly. It is well to -use small bottles, so that when one has been opened it may be used up -before it has time to lose its virtues. - - -MENU FOR SEPTEMBER. - - Rabbit Pie. - Cold Roast Goose. - Salmi of Partridges (hot). - Fillets of Beef with Mushrooms (also hot). - Cold Pressed Beef. - Potato, Beetroot, Tomato and Endive Salads. - Hot Potatoes. - Quince Jelly. Damson Cheese. - Apple and Blackberry Tart. Cream. - Cheddar and Gorgonzola Cheese. - Oatcake and Butter. - -Our menu this month might be one suited for a luncheon party, where the -chief dishes would be required cold, with two or three hot ones as a -set-off, and all others placed on the table at the same time. Luncheon -parties are generally very common during this month in the country, and -the guests who come to partake of them are not noted for their small -appetites. - -_Salmi of Partridges._—Put the birds into the oven as for roasting, and -partially cook them. When about half done cut them into neat pieces, -and remove the skin and sinews, and place them in a clean saucepan. In -another pan put a quarter of a pound of uncooked ham minced finely, -with a good piece of butter; add a dozen small mushrooms, three or four -minced shallots, a grated carrot, a spoonful of chopped parsley, a few -sprigs of savoury herbs and some pepper and salt. Cover closely and let -them cook on the top of the stove, shaking the pan to prevent burning; -when cooked dredge a little flour over them, let it brown a little, -and pour in about a pint of good brown stock. Add also a glassful of -sherry. Stir until the gravy has thickened nicely, then put in the -pieces of the birds, and let them slowly simmer, but not boil, for at -least half an hour. Dish the game in a pile on a hot dish, strain the -sauce, and see that it is well seasoned and of a nice brown colour, -then pour over all. Garnish with fried sippets of bread. - -_Fillets of Beef with Mushrooms._—These should be cut from the undercut -or fillet of beef, and be neatly shaped. Fry them quickly on both -sides, but only enough to slightly brown them, then place in a stewpan -and cover with peeled mushrooms, one or two shallots, some pepper and -a glassful of red wine with also a small lump of butter. Stew these -for quite an hour in a rather slow oven, then lift out the meat and -the mushrooms, and thicken the gravy with fécule, also add salt and a -tablespoonful of sharp sauce, then pour boiling hot over the dish. - -_Quince Jelly_ and _Damson Cheese_ are both preserves that should be -found in readiness in the store cupboard. For the first, take a quart -of quince juice obtained by boiling the fruit with a very little water -and then straining it through a bag; add a pound of lump sugar to every -quart, and then an ounce of gum arabic previously soaked in water. Boil -well for quite half an hour, then put into moulds. - -_Damson Cheese._—Put several pounds of freshly-gathered damsons into -a stone jar with a very little water. Stand this on the top of the -stove to stew gently for some hours, or until the fruit is perfectly -soft. While still warm turn out the damsons into a wide-meshed sieve -or colander, rub until nothing but skins and stones are left. Put half -a pound of loaf sugar to every pound of pulp, and boil together into a -stiff paste. Some of the stones should be cracked and the kernels taken -out, as these give a very pleasant flavour to the cheese. Put into -shallow dishes or moulds, and cover with brandied papers. This cheese -is usually cut into fancy shapes and put into glass dishes to serve at -dessert. - - - - -ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. - - -STUDY AND STUDIO. - -IRENE FOY, 32, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road, wishes to sell “ONYX” a -Greek grammar, written by IRENE’S father in English and Greek. Will -“ONYX” please write? - -LEM.—You will find the poem from which you quote an extract in _Ezekiel -and Other Poems_, by B. M. (Nelson and Sons). It is there entitled “The -Sea of Sorrow.” - -CONSTANCE.—1. “Auf Wiedersehn,” means “till we meet again,” like the -French “Au revoir.”—2. We always recommend Dr. Lemmi’s Italian Grammar, -published at 5s. by Messrs. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh; and Messrs. -Simpkin, Marshall & Co., London. It is quite simple enough to be -studied alone. - -SOROR.—We are sorry you have had to wait so long for a reply, but -owing to the time at which we go to press, we cannot promise an answer -speedily. - -NURSE PETRA.—_The Jugend-Gartenlaube_, 5s. a year, might suit you; -but we advise you to write for a full list of German periodicals to -Hachette & Co., 18, King William Street, Charing Cross, London. - -F. E. BARTRAM.—Books on entomology appear rather costly; but you might -begin with _British Butterflies, Moths and Beetles_, by W. F. Kirby, -published at 1s.; or Sir John Lubbock’s _Origin and Metamorphoses of -Insects_, 3s. 6d. Order at any bookseller’s. - -NYDIA.—It is not wonderful that a “first attempt,” especially as you -have “never learnt how to set down music,” and are only sixteen, should -be full of mistakes, too many to specify. It is absolutely impossible -for you to hope to succeed without seriously studying the rules of -harmony. At the same time we should judge from your pleasant and modest -letter that such study would be by no means thrown away. - -A correspondent directs our attention to the fact that “foolscap,” -concerning which a question was lately answered in “Study and Studio,” -is a corruption of the Italian _foglio-capo_, a folio-sized sheet. The -error is an ancient one, for from the thirteenth to the seventeenth -century the water mark of this size paper was a fool’s head with cap -and bells. - -B. E. M.—1. We are constantly mentioning Reading Societies in this -column. Try the National Home Reading Union, Surrey House, Victoria -Embankment, London, or write to Mrs. Walker, Litlington Rectory, -Berwick, Sussex.—2. Do not try or wish to “become pale.” Sufficient -exercise, and strict attention to clothing and diet, are the best cure -for a faulty circulation. - -A LINCOLNSHIRE GIRL.—1. The lines you quote, - - “Howe’er it be, it seems to me - ’Tis only noble to be good,” - -are certainly by Tennyson, from the poem “Lady Clara Vere de Vere.”—2. -The allusion, - - “Her who clasped in her last trance - Her murdered father’s head,” - -is to Margaret Roper, the daughter of Sir Thomas More. This devoted -daughter obtained possession of her father’s head after his execution, -kept it in a leaden casket, and left directions that it should be -buried with her. For the whole story, see THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER for -February, 1898, where we answered the question at length. - -BLUEBOTTLE.—The reference you quote is probably Professor E. Curtius, a -distinguished German authority on etymology. - -A. N. D.—1. The lines (which you misquote) are as follows— - - “Oh, wad some power the giftie gie us - To see oursel’s as others see us! - It wad frae monie a blunder free us - And foolish notion.” - -They are by Robert Burns, and you will find them in any edition of his -poems.—2. Write to the office of THE BOY’S OWN PAPER, in which magazine -“The Bishop and the Caterpiller” first appeared. - - -INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE. - -FLORENCE is very sorry, but circumstances have occurred which -unfortunately prevent her from opening a correspondence with a little -girl reader of the “G. O. P.” as she wished. Among the many readers of -our paper, perhaps someone else will kindly volunteer. - -“MADGE,” who lives in the country, and works with her hands, would -very much like to correspond with “NELLIE,” so would ROBINA J. GIBSON, -Ferneycleuch, Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire (a farmer’s daughter), and -B. E. M., The Rectory, Barnow, Co. Wexford. - -M. D. LEWIS, Sabia, near Smyrna, Asia Minor, would be very glad to -write to any of our readers who would like to hear a little about -the remote and uncivilised region where she lives, and the curious -superstitions and customs that prevail. She adds, “If any of your -readers wish to correspond with me in Greek, I shall be very much -pleased.” - -MISS FRANCES WHITE, Yaverland Manor, Brading, Isle of Wight, would -be pleased to exchange stamps with girls living abroad; she would -send twenty British stamps in exchange for the same number of the -nationality of her correspondent. - -MAUD M. BAUGHAN, Vernon Villa, James Street, Oxford, would like to -correspond in English with MISS RUBY TIZAREL and MISS NELLY POLLAK. As -MISS BAUGHAN is a teacher, she would also like to correspond with any -teachers across the sea. - -MISS R. M. COOKE, Oxford Villa, Gordon Road, Southend-on-Sea, wishes to -correspond with some girls of her own age (20) living abroad. She is an -enthusiastic collector of view post-cards, and would like to exchange -English cards for those of other countries. - -Will O MIMOSA SAN exchange illustrated post-cards with MADAME GASTON -CANTIN, Rue de Saujon, La Tremblade, Charente Inférieure, France, -whom we thank for her pleasant words, describing the delight of her -correspondence with an English reader of the “G. O. P.” - -“BERTRAM,” a girl fond of out-door exercise, would like to correspond -with a French girl about sixteen years of age. - -MISS SOFIE ABELSBERG, Budapesth, Hungary (11, Nagy János Street), -wishes for a well-educated English or American girl correspondent of -her own age (18) who would write in German or English, Miss Abelsberg -in English. - -FLORIDA would like to correspond with a Spanish, Dutch, Norwegian, -Swedish or Russian girl of good family about 20 years of age. She would -help them in English if they would help her in their languages. Will -any girls of these nationalities send addresses here? - - -GIRLS’ EMPLOYMENTS. - -A FARMER’S DAUGHTER (_Choice of Employment_).—Are there not rather -many kinds of work which you dislike? You “would not think of entering -into domestic service at all.” You “would not care for shop business -either.” You think, however, that you might like to act as a clerk, or -a lady’s companion. Now, we are obliged to tell you that companions are -very little wanted, and that clerks, if they are to receive moderately -good salaries, must be well educated. You tell us, however, that -your parents would not be disposed to spend anything further on your -education or training. This makes the position somewhat difficult. It -compels you to regard home as your school. But there are many useful -things that a girl can learn on a farm. You might learn dairy-work -thoroughly and earn something by the sale of butter. Later, if you -could master the newest methods, from studying the appliances used -by your most successful farming friends, you could seek a position -as superintendent of some gentleman’s private dairy. People who can -make butter and cheese well never go a-begging. Then you should also -study the best and most remunerative methods of rearing poultry and of -marketing eggs. Something, even, might be earned from your garden, if -you have one, and the soil is favourable for bulbs—as in many parts of -Ireland it is. The secret of comfort in farmers’ households is for the -family to remain together, and for each member—father and mother, sons -and daughters, to contribute their share of work. But where families -break up, the trouble comes, for each person then wants a separate -house, and consequently larger earnings. - -TWENTIETH VOLUME (_Art Teachership_).—Your friends have unfortunately -been only too well acquainted with the facts, when they told you that -it would be extremely difficult to obtain a situation as teacher of art -in a school. Drawing is taught in a good many girls’ schools, but by -no means in all. The head-mistresses of many High Schools are disposed -to give most of the time allowed to general English subjects and -languages, which count in examinations, and to leave girls of artistic -tastes to study drawing later at a regular school of art. Evidently you -draw well, or you could not have obtained so much success in the South -Kensington examinations. But the question arises, can you not earn -something by your own drawings? Could you not draw illustrations for -stories, or make designs for some commercial or advertising purpose? -In all directions of this kind there is much work to be done and money -to be earned. Or have you thought of trying some handicraft such as -lace-making, silk-weaving, or cane basket-making? Perhaps, as you live -in the Midlands, you could some day visit the Birmingham Municipal -School of Arts and Crafts and observe the many kinds of beautiful work -done by girls there. Such a visit might give you useful ideas. In -chromo-lithography, too, there is constantly a demand for good designs. -There are some large chromo-lithographic firms in Birmingham. The other -matter you speak of is not one in which we can help directly, but you -might make the cottage known to the railway authorities so that they -could include it in the lists of country lodgings which they publish. - -F. W. G. (_Hospital Nurse_).—You would not be required to know much -arithmetic in order to be admitted to a hospital; but at the same time -you ought to know something of the subject, otherwise your notions of -the portions of drugs to administer, and other such matters in which -an accurate mind is essential, will be very hazy. During the period -which must yet elapse before your admission you had better be trying to -improve your arithmetic. Your writing, about which you ask our opinion, -is sufficiently legible and clear, but it would be improved with -practice. There is a slight disposition to make the letters slope too -much. - -INDEPENDENCE (_Nurse-Companion, etc._).—A nurse-companion is usually -expected to have been trained at a hospital. The training need not have -been sufficient to qualify a woman for regular hospital employment, -but it ought to have covered a period of six months at all events. You -do not mention that you have been in any hospital, and we therefore -think you had better give up the idea of becoming a nurse-companion. -Perhaps, as music appears to be your best accomplishment, you would -do most wisely to seek employment as nursery governess. Your general -education we judge by your letter to be fairly good. But try to improve -yourself by every means within your power, as you cannot long remain a -nursery governess; and you must either advance so as to become a fully -qualified governess, when you are older, or devote your attention to -the practical duties of looking after young children. In the latter -case you would, of course, term yourself a children’s nurse. It is -possible that you might be well advised to advertise yourself as -a children’s nurse from the first, seeking a subordinate position -to begin with, in order to gain experience. Your handwriting is -satisfactory. - -A CLYDESDALE LASSIE (_Hospital Nursing_).—Paying probationers are -received commonly for a period of three months at a time, for which -thirteen guineas is paid in advance. You could not enter a general -hospital on these terms just at present. Twenty-two is customarily the -lowest age for admission. - -WEE WIFIE (_Fancy Work_).—It is almost impossible to obtain a sale for -fancy articles which are only made at home and in small quantities. -Little novelties which can be produced cheaply and in large numbers -may often be sold direct to wholesale and retail dealers in bazaar and -fancy articles. We should recommend a lady who must live at home either -to do work on these lines and treat her home as a small manufactory, -or else devote her time to the making of fine underclothing, which she -could sell to the drapers and outfitters. Shops where embroidery is -sold usually keep their own workers on the premises, for the simple -reason that orders have to be executed promptly and in exact obedience -to the demand of the moment. It is not possible for work of this kind -to be sent to workers who can only be reached by correspondence. - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - -FRUIT FARMER.—No, strawberries are not indigenous to England, according -to Haydn, in his _Dictionary of Dates_, where he says that they were -brought to this country from Flanders in 1530. Against this date, we -refer to Shakespeare’s _Richard III._, in which we find them spoken of -as growing in the Bishop of Ely’s garden in Holborn, which shows it -was cultivated as early as the latter part of the fifteenth century. A -hundred years subsequently four kinds of this fruit were cultivated in -the garden of a barber-surgeon, Gerard by name, also in Holborn. - -DEAF.—Had you not better consult some missionary, or the friend whom -you have out in China, so as to find out what the children in China -may be likely to want? Have you seen the small scrap-books made of old -post-cards, or of cards the same size, and tied together at the side, -so as to form a small long book? Pictures are pasted on the back and -front of each card. Perhaps you could make these; but we think you will -do well to inquire about it. - -W. M. B. D., HEATHER, LAURIA, etc.—We have seen several copies of -this snow-ball letter from New South Wales. The addresses in each -are rather different, and we, like you, cannot imagine what the -philanthropist wants with so many stamps, nor do we understand why the -Government should give an endorsement. We should let it alone, and -return the letters. The address seems insufficient, and we have failed -to find any one of the places mentioned in the most recent Gazetteer. -These philanthropic people who require a million of stamps are often -difficult to find; and they might as well give the money at once. - -C. BROWN.—To fix prints upon wood, and remove the paper, care must be -taken that the surface of the latter be perfectly smooth. Then moisten -a piece of thick drawing-paper, and apply a layer of thin glue on its -surface; leave it to dry; give it two or three more coats, leaving each -to dry separately. Coat the paper then with several layers of spirit -varnish, and prepare the wood in the same way; and then apply the -print. We should have said that the wood must be previously prepared -by a slight coat of glue, and when dry, rubbed with glass-paper, and -a white alcoholic varnish applied. When dry, about five or six more -coats of the same will be required. Cut the edge of the print closely -round, lay it on a table face downwards, and moisten the back with a -wet sponge, and then place between two leaves of blotting-paper. Apply -another coat of varnish to the wood, and, before it is dry, lay the -face of the print down upon it, wiping the back in such a way as to -drive out the air so as to form no blisters. Lay a sheet of dry paper -upon it, and pass a soft linen cloth over it to press it firmly down. -Then leave it to dry, and when thoroughly so, moisten it with a sponge, -and roll off the paper with your fingers. Great care must be taken -in this process not to remove any part of the paper upon which the -impression is taken. After this rubbing it must be left to dry. When -dry, one more coat of varnish must be given over the delicate film of -paper left, and it will be left perfectly transparent. When quite dry, -polish with Dutch rushes, steeped for three or four days in olive oil, -which latter must be removed with a fine linen cloth, and then sprinkle -with starch or hair-powder. Rub this off with the hand, and apply three -or four more coats of varnish, leaving each to dry as before, and in -three or four days polish with a fine woollen cloth with whiting of the -finest kind. - -MERCY B.—The names of the hospitals for which you ask are as -follows:—Newcastle Hospital, Hull Royal Infirmary, Leeds General -Infirmary, Leeds Fever Hospital, and Lincoln County Hospital. For the -last-named, over four hundred applications are refused yearly, and -about fourteen are accepted. Address the matron in all cases. We could -not give any idea of the time you would have to wait, of course. - -UNHAPPY MAUDE.—We think you will be really unhappy if you do not take -your father’s and brother’s advice, and give up a foolish attachment. -Do you think that any man who drinks could love you dearly and -devotedly? Would he not love drink far better? Gather all your strength -together and go away for a change, and try to turn your thoughts to -some other subject. If you managed to break off with your lover once, -you can do so again, and at twenty-one you will soon forget. - - * * * * * - -[Illustration: THE LAUNDRY, BATTERSEA POLYTECHNIC.] - -[Illustration: THE COOKERY SCHOOL, POLYTECHNIC. STUDENTS AT WORK.] - - * * * * * - -[Transcriber’s Note—the following changes have been made to this text. - -Page 750: flower to flour—“dredge a little flour”.] - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. -1025, August 19, 1899, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GIRL' OWN PAPER *** - -***** This file should be named 62826-0.txt or 62826-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/8/2/62826/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Pamela Patten and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - diff --git a/old/62826-0.zip b/old/62826-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index d0ed852..0000000 --- a/old/62826-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h.zip b/old/62826-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b7622db..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/62826-h.htm b/old/62826-h/62826-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 459bc9f..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/62826-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4069 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - The Girl’s Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1025, by Various—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { - text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ - clear: both; -} - -p { - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; -} - -.p2 {margin-top: 2em;} - - -.ph3{ - text-align: center; - font-size: large; - font-weight: bold; -} - -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.tb {width: 45%; margin-left: 27.5%; margin-right: 27.5%;} -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -hr.full {width: 95%; margin-left: 2.5%; margin-right: 2.5%;} - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} -h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} - -ul { list-style-type: none; } - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: normal; -} /* page numbers */ - -.blockquot_ans { - margin-left: 1em; - text-indent: -1em; -} - -.noindent { - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.gesperrt -{ - letter-spacing: 0.2em; - margin-right: -0.2em; -} - -.center {text-align: center;} - -.right {text-align: right;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -.smalltext{ - font-size: small; -} - -.uppercase {text-transform: uppercase;} - -.header {text-align: center; margin-top: 0;} -.header p {text-align: center; text-indent: 0;} -.header .floatl {float: left;} -.header .floatr {float: right;} -.header .floatc {padding-top: .5em;} - -.faux { - font-size: 0.1em; - visibility: hidden; -} - -.caption {font-weight: bold;} - -/* Images */ - -img { - max-width: 100%; - height: auto; -} -img.w100 {width: 100%;} - - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 100%; -} - -.ddropcapbox { - float: left; -} - -.idropcap { - height: auto; -} - -.ddropcapbox { - margin-left: 0; - margin-right: 0.5em; -} - -/* Poetry */ -.poetry-container {text-align: center;} -.poetry {text-align: left; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} -/* uncomment the next line for centered poetry in browsers */ -.poetry {display: inline-block;} -.poetry .stanza {margin: 1em auto;} -.poetry .verse {text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em;} -/* large inline blocks don't split well on paged devices */ -@media handheld, print { .poetry {display: block;} } - - -@media handheld -{ - .ddropcapbox { - float: left; - } - -.caption {font-weight: bold; text-align: center; margin-top: 0;} - -.header {text-align: center; margin-top: 0;} -.header p {text-align: center; text-indent: 0;} -.header .floatl {float: left;} -.header .floatr {float: right;} -.header .floatc {padding-top: .5em;} - - .poetry - { - display: block; - margin-left: 1.5em; - } -} - - -/* Poetry indents */ -.poetry .indent0 {text-indent: -3em;} -.poetry .indent2 {text-indent: -2em;} -.poetry .indent4 {text-indent: -1em;} - -/* Illustration classes */ -.illowe10_9375 {width: 10.9375em;} -.illowe12_5 {width: 12.5em;} -.illowe18_75 {width: 18.75em;} -.illowe35_9375 {width: 35.9375em;} -.illowe37_5 {width: 37.5em;} -.illowp100 {width: 100%;} -.illowp55 {width: 55%;} -.illow80 {width: 80px;} -.illow150 {width: 150px;} -.illow175 {width: 175px;} -.illow600 {width: 600px;} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1025, -August 19, 1899, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. 1025, August 19, 1899 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: August 2, 2020 [EBook #62826] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GIRL' OWN PAPER *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Pamela Patten and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_737"></a>{737}</span></p> - - -<h1 class="faux">THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER</h1> - - -<div class="figcenter illow600"> -<img src="images/header.jpg" width="600" height="202" alt="The Girl's Own Paper." /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="center"> -<div class="header"> -<p class="floatl"><span class="smcap">Vol. XX.—No. 1025.]</span></p> -<p class="floatr"><span class="smcap">[Price One Penny.</span></p> -<p class="floatc">AUGUST 19, 1899.</p> -</div></div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="center">[Transcriber’s Note: This Table of Contents was not present in the original.]</p> - -<p class="center"> - - -<!-- Autogenerated TOC. Modify or delete as required. --> - -<a href="#LONDONS_FUTURE_HOUSEWIVES_AND_THEIR_TEACHERS">LONDON’S FUTURE HOUSEWIVES AND THEIR TEACHERS.</a><br /> -<a href="#THE_HOUSE_WITH_THE_VERANDAH">THE HOUSE WITH THE VERANDAH.</a><br /> -<a href="#CHRONICLES_OF_AN_ANGLO-CALIFORNIAN_RANCH">CHRONICLES OF AN ANGLO-CALIFORNIAN RANCH.</a><br /> -<a href="#DIET_IN_REASON_AND_IN_MODERATION">DIET IN REASON AND IN MODERATION.</a><br /> -<a href="#AN_AFTERNOON_BOOK_PARTY">AN AFTERNOON “BOOK PARTY.”</a><br /> -<a href="#TO_NIGHT">TO NIGHT.</a><br /> -<a href="#OUR_LILY_GARDEN">OUR LILY GARDEN.</a><br /> -<a href="#CHOCOLATE_DATES">CHOCOLATE DATES.</a><br /> -<a href="#HOW_WE_MANAGED_WITHOUT_SERVANTS">HOW WE MANAGED WITHOUT SERVANTS.</a><br /> -<a href="#VARIETIES">VARIETIES.</a><br /> -<a href="#SHEILAS_COUSIN_EFFIE">SHEILA’S COUSIN EFFIE.</a><br /> -<a href="#THINGS_IN_SEASON_IN_MARKET_AND_KITCHEN">THINGS IN SEASON, IN MARKET AND KITCHEN.</a><br /> -<a href="#ANSWERS_TO_CORRESPONDENTS">ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.</a><br /> - -<!-- End Autogenerated TOC. --> - -</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LONDONS_FUTURE_HOUSEWIVES_AND_THEIR_TEACHERS">LONDON’S FUTURE HOUSEWIVES AND THEIR TEACHERS.</h2> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowe37_5" id="i737" > - <img class="w100" src="images/i_737.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p class="center">A HOUSEWIFERY CLASS AT BATTERSEA POLYTECHNIC.</p></div> -</div> - -<p class="smalltext"><i>All rights reserved.</i>]</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">If</span> one stands at the entrance of a large Board -school either at dinner or tea-time and watches -the pupils trooping out, one often wonders -what will become of all these lively children in -a few years’ time, what they will make of their -lives, and how enough work is to be found for -them all. Has it ever struck any of my -readers that, whatever the boys may do in -the way of work, sooner or later that of the -girls is certain? They are going to be the -wives or housekeepers of these or other boys. -They will be dressmakers, tailoresses, servants, -factory girls or what not for a time, -but their final business will be housekeeping, -and housekeeping too on small means, so that -a great deal of skill, care and knowledge will -be needed if they are to do it well.</p> - -<p>How are the girls to be trained for this very -important work of theirs? Their school life -is very short; the time they will have to spare -after leaving school will be very little, their -leisure hours in the evening being wanted for -rest and recreation as well as for learning; it -will be small wonder if many of them marry -without any knowledge of household management -and if the comfort and happiness of their -home is ruined in consequence.</p> - -<p>The question is so serious that people interested -in education have given it a great deal -of thought. There is little doubt that, if it -were possible, the best plan would be to give -a year’s training in housekeeping to every girl -when she leaves school; but alas! since most -girls from elementary schools are obliged to -earn money as early as possible, this plan cannot -be carried out. The only thing that can -be done by the managers of elementary schools -is to proceed on the principle that “half a loaf -is better than no bread,” to give the girls, while -still at school, weekly lessons for a certain -number of weeks each year, in cookery and -laundry-work, and sometimes in housewifery -generally, and to encourage them to attend -evening classes after they have left school. A -great deal of good has been done in this way, -but the children are so young and the lessons -necessarily so few, so far between and so fragmentary, -that the result is very far from being -all that could be wished.</p> - -<p>Seeing this, the Technical Education Board -of the London County Council five years ago -began to establish, one after another, Schools -of Domestic Economy to which girls should go -for five months at a time after leaving the -ordinary schools, and where they should be -occupied for the whole school hours five days -a week in household work, thus giving them<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_738"></a>{738}</span> -an opportunity of really understanding their -future duties as housewives. The question of -enabling poor people to afford this five months’ -extra teaching for their girls was a difficult one -to meet, but as far as it could be done it has -been done by giving free scholarships at these -schools and by providing the scholars with -their dinner and tea free of cost, and providing -also the material required by each girl for -making herself a dress, an apron and some -under-garment during her time at the school. -With only two exceptions, these schools, which -are nine in number, are held in the polytechnics -or in technical institutes, a capital arrangement -whereby the rooms needed for evening -classes for adults are used also during the day-time.</p> - -<p>Let us look in at one of the schools and see -of what a day’s work consists. We will choose -the school at the Battersea Polytechnic, because -a Training School for Teachers is held -there as well as a school for girls, and we shall -have a double interest in the work. The Polytechnic -is a great building standing back from -Battersea Park Road, and at about nine -o’clock in the morning we shall find a stream -of teachers and pupils hurrying into it, masters -and mistresses of the Science School, the -Domestic Economy School, and the Training -School for Teachers of Domestic Economy; -boys and girls of the Science School; girls -and women students of the two Domestic -Economy Schools; and a few minutes later -we shall find these all gathered in a large hall -for “call over” and prayers, and then filing off -to their separate departments.</p> - -<p>Let us ask Miss Mitchell, the head of the -Domestic Economy Schools, to spare us a -little of her time and explain the work to us. -We follow the women and girls to a separate -wing of the building, and as they divide off -into the different class-rooms we enter the -large cookery school and watch the students -in training settling down to their morning’s -work, fetching their pots and pans from cupboards -and shelves, looking up the list of their -work on the blackboard, weighing out ingredients, -and so on. We look round the -room, a little confused at first with all the -movement, and see that it is large and well -lighted with coal-stoves at one end and gas-stoves -fixed into two large tables in the centre, -with a lift, up which provisions for the day are -still being sent, and down which, as we find -later, the dinner is to go to the dining-room -punctually at one o’clock; large sinks and -plate-racks are fitted in one corner, low cupboards -with shelves over them run far along -the walls, and at the end of the room opposite -the stoves is a stepped gallery, where forty or -fifty pupils can sit for demonstration lessons. -The head cookery teacher is busily engaged -inspecting the food materials bought in by the -student-housekeeper, criticising the quality and -hearing the prices given, and Miss Mitchell -explains to us that the students take it in turns -to be housekeepers, and have to buy in materials -for dinners for some sixty people every -day; they are given lists of what will be wanted -by the teachers, but the whole responsibility -of choosing and buying the food rests with -them, and so out they go every day into the -neighbouring streets, taking with them two or -three girls from the Domestic Economy School, -to choose fish, meat and vegetables from the -shops and stalls of the neighbourhood, for they -are to learn how to choose and make the best -of such provisions as the working people of the -neighbourhood are accustomed to buy, and -capital training this is for them.</p> - -<p>“Do the students here cook dinners for sixty -people?” we ask in wonder; and in answer, -Miss Mitchell takes us next door into a smaller -cookery room, where fifteen girls are at work -under the charge of a teacher and a student, -also busy on dishes which are to be ready -by dinner-time. Everything left from one -day’s dinner, we are told, is brought up -to the cookery schools again by the “housekeeper” -to be re-cooked and made into -dainty dishes—no waste of any kind is -allowed.</p> - -<p>Crossing the corridor we find two rooms -given up to dressmaking and needlework; -here again both students-in-training and girls -are working in separate classes. One of the -students, who has nearly completed her course -of training, is helping a teacher with a class -of girls (fifteen in number again we notice), -and the other students, under the head dressmaking -teacher, are busy on their own work—this -morning they are drafting bodice patterns -for various types of figures, but that their -work is not confined to pattern-making is -evident when the cupboards are opened and -dresses taken out for our inspection—dresses -made by each student to fit herself, funds -being provided as in the case of the girls by -the Technical Education Board. Very neatly -made the dresses are, and proud the students -seem to be of them, though their pride is -tempered by anxiety as to what the examiner’s -opinion of them may be when the time of -examination for their diplomas comes. Each -student has to make two dresses, that is, -sample garments to show her plain needlework, -and to learn to patch and mend old -dresses and under-garments, her pride culminating -in a sampler of patches, darns, and -drawnthread work, such as that hanging in a -show cupboard on the wall. The girls, we -are told, in their shorter course make themselves -one dress, one apron, and an under-garment -each, and spend one lesson of two -hours each week in practical mending of worn -garments.</p> - -<p>We ask why it is that every class we have -seen consists of fifteen pupils only, and are -told that in all classes for practical work for -which funds are supplied by the Technical -Education Board the number of pupils is -limited to fifteen, so that the teacher may be -able to attend thoroughly to the practical work -of each pupil, instead of having to teach her -class somewhat in the manner of a drill sergeant, -as must inevitably be the case when -dealing with large numbers.</p> - -<p>But the morning is getting on, and we hurry -downstairs to the laundry, perhaps the most -striking of all the class-rooms, a glass partition -shutting off the washing-room, with its large -teak troughs where a busy set of girls are at -work, from the ironing-room, fitted with long -solid tables on which blouses of many shapes -and colours are being ironed into crisp freshness. -A special feature of the room is the -white-tiled screen keeping the heat of the -ironing stove, with its dozens of irons, from -the rest of the room, while the height and -good ventilation keep the room fresh and -pleasant even in hot weather. We turn away -from this vision of dainty whiteness to be in -time to see the last class we are to visit this -morning, the “housewifery” class, which is -conducting a “spring-cleaning” in one of the -social rooms of the polytechnic, which lends -itself admirably for the purpose of teaching -the girls how to turn out a well-furnished -sitting-room. The housewifery lessons are a -great feature of the Domestic Economy Schools, -we hear, and include the whole routine of -household work apart from actual cooking, -washing, and dressmaking, these being, as we -have seen, taught separately, so that girls who -have gone through the course ought not to -find themselves at a loss in any department of -housekeeping, the whole series of lessons in -each department being made to dovetail one -into the other.</p> - -<p>It is nearly one o’clock now, and Miss -Mitchell asks us to come into the dining-room, -where the tables are just laid for dinner, -and we find the housekeeping-student in -charge, lifting dishes on to “hot-plates” as they -come down from the cookery schools, with the -group of girls who are told off to help her -giving final touches to the tables, these being -laid with pretty blue and white crockery, and -with here and there bunches of flowers which -have been brought by one or other of the -pupils. The teachers aim at having the -tables laid as nicely as possible and at giving -the girls a high standard of neatness and -daintiness to take back with them to their -own homes.</p> - -<p>Presently a bell rings and the girls file in -and take their places at three long tables, with -a teacher and a student at the head and foot -of each, the other students-in-training having -a table to themselves. We feel rather intrusive -as we watch them take their places, -and, turning out of the room, ask Miss -Mitchell to spare us yet a few minutes to -answer some of the questions that are in our -minds.</p> - -<p>“How many of such schools are there? -Where are the others, and how do the girls -get their scholarships? Can we help girls we -know to get such a chance, and specially how -are the scholarships for training teachers to be -obtained, and what chance is there for these -teachers at the end of their two years’ training?” -Miss Mitchell tells us laughingly that -to answer all this fully would take much more -than a few minutes, but this much she can say: -that at present, though the number of schools -is far from enough to give as many scholarships -as are needed for all London, they are steadily -increasing in number; there are such schools -at the Borough, Chelsea, Woolwich, Clerkenwell, -St. John’s Wood, Bloomsbury, Wandsworth -and Norwood, while others will be -opened in Holloway, at Globe Road, Bow, -and at Deptford next term: that the girls’ -scholarships are given on their being nominated -by their school mistresses for the approval of -the Technical Education Board, and that therefore -anyone interested in getting such a scholarship -for a working girl should write to the -offices of the Technical Education Board of the -London County Council for information, and -then get the girl to apply to her mistress for a -nomination for next term. As regards the -training scholarships, they have to be won by -passing an examination, not in itself very stiff, -but sufficient to ensure that the teachers of -domestic economy trained in the school shall -possess a fairly good general education. All -particulars can be obtained from the offices of -the Technical Education Board. As to the -chance of employment, the experience of -teachers holding good diplomas from the -Battersea Training School has been very -happy, few of them having had to wait long -for work. And so she wishes us good-bye, and -we leave the building feeling that we have had -a glance into a new world, one full of energy -and hopefulness, and giving promise of happier -conditions of life for future generations of -citizens in our great city.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_739"></a>{739}</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowe37_5" id="i739" > - <img class="w100" src="images/i_739.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p class="center">A NEEDLEWORK CLASS, BATTERSEA POLYTECHNIC.</p></div> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter illowe10_9375"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_738.jpg" alt="Decorative" /> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_HOUSE_WITH_THE_VERANDAH">THE HOUSE WITH THE VERANDAH.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> ISABELLA FYVIE MAYO, Author of “Other People’s Stairs,” “Her Object in Life,” etc.</p> - - -<h3>CHAPTER XXI.</h3> - -<p class="ph3">THE TELEGRAM FROM THE NORTH.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> days went on: the mysterious -“knocks” did not recur, and as the -police inspector made no more inquiries, -and the Marvels attempted no further -intercourse with the little house with the -verandah, the very memory of them -readily faded from the minds of the little -household there, and especially from -that of its mistress, ever becoming more -pre-occupied with the prolonged delay -of letters from Charlie, or indeed of any -news from the <i>Slains Castle</i>.</p> - -<p>Lucy’s brother-in-law, Mr. Brand, -went down to Bath to attend Mr. Bray’s -funeral, and his wife Florence accompanied -him “to be with the dear old -lady in her sorrow.” Indeed, Mr. Brand -left his wife with the widow while he -went to and fro between Bath and -London, looking after his own business -and winding up Mr. Bray’s affairs. Lucy -would have liked to visit the old lady in -the early days of bereavement, but, of -course, in her circumstances any such -expression of sympathy was out of the -question. Still, every evening, no matter -how tired and despondent she felt she -wrote a loving little note to her mother’s -old friend, so that every morning she -might find it on her breakfast-table. -Also, Lucy copied a little picture of the -Surrey village where she knew Mrs. Bray -had first met her dead husband, and she -sent it to the widow as a tender sign of -sympathy. Lucy did not wonder that -Mrs. Bray herself never acknowledged -these tokens of love, for she knew the -lady was old and feeble, and that deep -grief is sometimes very silent. She -knew that Mrs. Bray received all her -remembrances, for Florence wrote -delivering the old lady’s “thanks for all -kindnesses,” and adding how grateful -she also was for Florence’s companionship, -and for all the arrangements -“Jem” was making for her welfare.</p> - -<p>“There is not so much property left -as one might have supposed, considering -that Mr. Bray has earned such a -large income for so many years,” wrote -Florence. “But then the Brays have -always lived among people of rank and -wealth, and naturally they got into the -habit of spending as their friends did.”</p> - -<p>“Ah,” said Miss Latimer, as Lucy -read the letter to her. “In that way, -earned incomes, however big, soon break -up and vanish, as did the clay jar in the -fable, when it raced with the iron pot!”</p> - -<p>Lucy resumed her reading. “Florence -goes on: ‘Never mind; they have both -enjoyed the best of everything, and have -had many advantages which they might -not have had, if people had not believed -them to be rich. Jem is always saying -that there’s nothing so expensive as -poverty. Therefore, though there is not -much property left, it won’t matter -much, for in many ways Mrs. Bray’s -spending days are necessarily over. Jem -is managing so cleverly that she will -scarcely know she is poorer than she -used to be. She will even be able to -afford to go on living in the same house, -when she returns to London. It would -be a great trial to her if she could not -hope to do that—and it can be managed, -for, you see, she is old and can’t live long. -She trusts Jem implicitly and leaves -everything to him. She always says, “I -don’t want to know anything about -money matters; I never have known and -I don’t wish to begin now. I ask for -nothing but my little comforts and -Rachel to look after me.” And then -Jem assures her that is quite easy, and -so she is satisfied. I can’t think what -Mrs. Bray would do without Rachel. -She is more devoted to her mistress than -ninety-nine daughters out of a hundred -are to their mothers. I don’t anticipate -that my girls will be half so kind to me -when my dismal days come—and of -course, I hope they’ll be married and -gone off long before I’m an old woman. -I should not like to be the mother of -ungathered wall-flowers! But where -am I likely to find a Rachel? I’ll just -have to go and stay at an ”hydropathic“ -when I’m an old woman. But old age is -a long way off yet—and I devoutly trust -that I’ll be dead before it comes.’”</p> - -<p>Those last words struck Lucy. She<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_740"></a>{740}</span> -had heard them before—the very same -words—spoken by a humble working -woman, whose strenuous labours could -not provide for more than the wants of -each day.</p> - -<p>All that woman’s year’s work for a -certain company had actually brought -her in less than Jem Brand got as -annual dividend upon each hundred -pounds he had invested in its shares. -Lucy had heard that woman say, “I’ve -only one chance to escape the workhouse. -I hope I’ll die before I am old.”</p> - -<p>The poor overworked woman had felt -thus for one reason, and now the wealthy -idle woman felt so for another. What -did it all mean? Where had life gone -wrong? Of these two women, one had -all that the other lacked, yet it did not -suffice to save her from the worst bitterness -of that other life. Lucy remembered -having read somewhere that Lazarus -does not perish for lack of aught that is -good for Dives, but for lack of that -excess by which Dives destroys himself.</p> - -<p>But in these days Lucy did not think -over theories and practices as she had -been wont to do. She hardly dared to -think at all, for the moment thought got -a-working, it seized on the terrible -reality that still neither word nor sign -came from Charlie!</p> - -<p>A delay so prolonged must mean -something. If it meant some rearrangement -of plan, or unexpected detention at -the port of some Pacific Island, then -surely a letter would have come. Nay, -Lucy felt certain that if Charlie knew -that any suspense were likely to arise, -then a telegram would have arrived. -Charlie and she had made their thrifty -little pre-arrangements on that score. -His firm had a code name, and they had -agreed that this, with the name “Challoner”—the -word “saw” to stand for -“safe and well”—was to suffice for Lucy -in case of any unforeseen contingencies.</p> - -<p>But no letter came and no such -telegram came!</p> - -<p>Alarm had now a wider basis than -anxiety for Charlie’s health. An inquiry -sent to Mrs. Grant in Peterhead -promptly brought back a quite remarkably -brief answer that she too had -heard nothing. Inquiries made at the -London office of the shipping firm concerned -with the <i>Slains Castle</i> elicited -that they too had no tidings, though -they made light of the fact, and dwelt -on the many delays to which sailing-vessels -were subject.</p> - -<p>Lucy’s anxiety swamped all her other -worries, though unconsciously to herself -those worries might still prey on the -nerve and fortitude which endurance of -the great trial demanded.</p> - -<p>What did it matter now when the -little china tea-set which had been one of -her birthday gifts to Charlie was dashed -to the ground and almost every piece of -it shivered to fragments? It grieved -her once; now it did not affect her at all, -save as a type of the general wreckage -into which life seemed breaking up.</p> - -<p>She did not give much attention to -Clementina’s eagerly-tendered defence -concerning the accident, given thus—</p> - -<p>“I had nothing to do with it, ma’am. -I was in the back kitchen at the time, -and I’d left it sitting safely on the -dresser. Then all of a sudden I heard -the crash, and when I looked in, there -it was—all in fragments on the floor.”</p> - -<p>“You must have placed it too near -the edge of the dresser, Clementina,” -urged Miss Latimer, “and the slight -oscillation caused by some heavy -vehicle passing by must have caused it -to tilt over.”</p> - -<p>It was strange that Clementina -repudiated this explanation.</p> - -<p>“I didn’t hear any heavy traffic,” -she answered. “There’s never much -of it near here, anyway. No, ma’am, -such things will happen sometimes, and -there’s no accounting for them and -there’s no use in trying to do it.”</p> - -<p>If Lucy’s attention could have been -directed towards anything but the -terrible fear which absorbed all her soul, -she might have noticed that at this time -Miss Latimer became rather anxious -and observant concerning Clementina. -The old lady was aware that the servant -was growing restless and uneasy. Her -superstitions seemed all astir. She -began to see omens on every side. The -tense atmosphere of the household mind -evidently affected her very much. Miss -Latimer could only hope that it would -not affect her so much as to cause her -to “give notice.” For in many ways -the old lady’s experience told her that -Clementina was a treasure not to be -found every day, since she was scrupulously -honest, clean and industrious, -and the very last person likely to have -questionable “followers.”</p> - -<p>So the dreary days went on in the -shadow of the storm-cloud, now so -lowering that it became too much to -hope that it would pass over harmlessly.</p> - -<p>The monotony was broken at last by -a telegram which came in late one -evening. But it did not come to end -Lucy’s agony of suspense, either by joy -or sorrow. It was simply a telegram -from Mrs. Grant of Peterhead, announcing -that by the time it reached -Lucy she would be on her way to -London, as she had despatched the -message just as her train was starting. -She might be expected by the first train -reaching London in the morning.</p> - -<p>“What does this mean?” asked -Lucy with white lips.</p> - -<p>Miss Latimer and Tom strove to -soothe her by assuring her that -naturally Mrs. Grant was as anxious -as herself. Perhaps she wanted to seek -further information about the <i>Slains -Castle</i>, or possibly to consult with -Lucy as to whether there were joint -steps that they might take in search of -news. Lucy was not readily pacified. -Her first fear had been that Mrs. Grant -had had private word of the loss of the -ship and her passenger and crew, and -that she kindly wished to communicate -this news to Lucy personally. It was -comparatively easy to persuade her that -this was most unlikely. Her next misgiving -was more difficult to dislodge. -It was that Mrs. Grant had at last -heard from her husband with some bad -news of Charlie—a private matter with -which, of course, owners and underwriters -could have nothing to do. This -foreboding could only be allayed by -Mrs. Grant herself.</p> - -<p>The north train arrived so early at the -terminus not far from Pelham Street -that Mrs. Challoner and Tom were able -to go and meet the traveller before they -were respectively due at the Institute -and the office. They had breakfast (as -indeed they often did) by gaslight, and -then hurried off, Lucy taking Hugh -with them. Lucy could not bear him -to be out of her sight now for one -moment more than was necessary, and -Hugh himself begged to be taken. -Miss Latimer had not yet come downstairs -when they departed, but Clementina -protested that “the precious -darling” might well be left with her—her -work was so well in hand that she -need do nothing but amuse him—it was -a pity he had even been roused up when -he might have had another hour’s sweet -sleep, and she wondered his ma wasn’t -afraid to take him out when the morning -was so dull and raw, an argument -which would have overcome Lucy but -for Hugh’s plucking at her gown and -pleading, “Take me with you, mamma, -take me with you.”</p> - -<p>It was no distracted weeping woman -who descended from the through train. -Mrs. Grant came out briskly, and looking -round at once recognised the group -awaiting her, though she had never -before seen more of them than a photograph -of Lucy. The worthy lady had -travelled with plenty of comfortable -wraps and a hamper of home-made -food. It gave Lucy some reassurance -to note this practical attention to -creature necessities. She could scarcely -realise that the sailor’s wife, a resident -in a seaport town, had already stood so -often, for herself and for others, in -catastrophes of life and death, hope and -despair, that she had learned that our -bodies require adequate support and -consolation if they are, ably and long, -to serve and second our spiritual nature, -above all our powers of endurance and -initiative.</p> - -<p>“I’ve got no news for you, neither -good nor bad,” she said promptly. “If -aught has happened to your husband it -has happened to my good man too. -But it’s my private belief that the office -folks here know a little more than they -will admit. I got a letter from them -yesterday afternoon saying that they -know nothing at all, and I disbelieve -that so much that it was this very letter -which made me start off here straightway. -If they do know anything I’ll -manage to get it out of them.</p> - -<p>“I don’t imagine they know much,” -she hurried on, noting the whiteness of -Lucy’s face. “If they knew much we -should hear fast enough, never you fear. -But whatever they know, little or much, -I’ll know too, before I go home!”</p> - -<p>As she spoke, the cab drew up at the -Challoners’ house. In the dining-room -the lamps were still alight, revealing -the bounteous breakfast-table which -Clementina had spread after removing -the impromptu cups of tea which Lucy and -Tom had hastily snatched before going -out. But as Tom opened the hall door -with his latchkey he was met by a pungent -odour not given off by toast and ham.</p> - -<p>“An escape of gas!” he cried.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_741"></a>{741}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHRONICLES_OF_AN_ANGLO-CALIFORNIAN_RANCH">CHRONICLES OF AN ANGLO-CALIFORNIAN RANCH.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> MARGARET INNES.</p> - - -<h3>CHAPTER XI.</h3> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p>HARD WORK FOR THE MEN—HARDER WORK STILL FOR -THE WOMEN—THE CISTERN—RATTLESNAKES—THE -GARDEN—HOMESICKNESS—PIPE-LAYING.</p></div> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> ordinary business man at home in England -would think it rather a mad suggestion if his -friend were to prophesy that some day he -would have to set to and make his own roads, -the drive up to his house, lay his own water-pipes -from the main, build his own rain-water -cistern and cesspool, dig and plant his own -garden, and fence that in too.</p> - -<p>I think he would be equally surprised if he -could realise how quickly and easily he would -adapt himself to such unaccustomed work, and -how well he could accomplish it.</p> - -<p>To the man who loves an outdoor life, and -is clever with his hands, and has ingenuity, -too, and some skill in creating something out -of nothing, “making history,” there is much -zest and enjoyment in all this. But, of course, -it is very hard work; and when the sun is -fierce (which it usually is), the glare and heat -are most trying, out on the perfectly shadeless -stretches of land.</p> - -<p>The body does not accustom itself easily to -these new labours, and the new burden must not -be laid upon it too heavily; all the health-giving -power of ranch life depends largely upon this -precaution. Therefore the question of being -able to pay for necessary help is a very important -one. It is pitiful to see the weary, -broken struggles of men untrained and unaccustomed -to the heavy physical work of a -ranch, and unable to pay for help. A breakdown, -more or less serious, is almost certain, -when the work all falls behind, and things -become more and more hopeless. It is a great -mistake for a delicate man, who has broken -down at his office work at home in England, -to come out here to ranch, thinking to recover -his health in the open-air life, but not having -at the same time the means to pay for help, -nor the capital to be able to wait the necessary -years till his ranch can yield an income.</p> - -<p>Of course, I am not speaking of the man -born and bred to such work at home; he will -find a true land of promise here; the pay he -can command (one dollar a day and his board), -will soon enable him, if he is a thrifty fellow, -to buy a bit of land and build a home of his -own, such as he could not dream of in the old -country; and the work is what he has always -been accustomed to, and for which his body -has been trained for generations.</p> - -<p>But for the man of gentle birth and breeding -it is a very different story. He would be -better shut up in an office at home.</p> - -<p>The life is splendidly healthy so long as one -is not overdriven; the physical exercise of the -different occupations, and all in the open air, -is like the training of an athlete. Hoeing -round the lemon trees is as good for the chest -and arms of the labourer as for the roots of -the lemon trees; but only always if the worker -be not overtaxed. Indeed, from our experience -it is only by carrying on sure regular -active work in the open air that one gets the -real benefit from this climate.</p> - -<p>With thirty-one acres planted, we have -found the help of one ranchman with Larry, -our eldest son, and his father to be sufficient; -so all our digging and piping and road-making -went forward without too heavy a strain. The -accepted theory is that one man can manage ten -acres of planted land, and do justice to it; and -a ranchman costs from twenty to thirty dollars -a month, and his keep.</p> - -<p>If the rough work and life are hard for men -to accustom themselves to, it is much harder -still for the women, especially, of course, for -delicate women, who are supposed to have -been brought out “for their health.” And -here is the place to point out what a farce it is -to suppose that any frail woman could possibly -get any benefit out of the finest climate in the -world if, in addition to the burden of her illness, -she has to take upon herself the onerous -duties of cook and housemaid and charwoman, -and everything combined. Again the important -question is whether the rancher has money -enough to pay the very high wage demanded -for even the simplest household help during at -least five years, while he is waiting for his -ranch to yield an income. Even then the wife -must be prepared to work much harder than -she was ever accustomed to at home, since one -pair of hands, even if they are the most talented -Chinese hands, necessarily leave a very great -deal to be done. In our case, for instance, the -Chinaman never touches the bedrooms or -drawing-room, except to turn them out once -a fortnight, when he leaves them fairly clean, -but all topsy-turvy.</p> - -<p>But this is as nothing, when one sees so -many ranchers’ wives doing without any help -at all. That is a cruel life for any man to bring -his wife to, unless he has absolutely no other -choice; it is to my mind quite unforgivable. -Let such men come without womenfolk.</p> - -<p>We had a wearisome long piece of work—building -the rain-water cistern and the cesspool, -for they had to be dug out of the hard -granite. The cistern was finished, however, in -time to catch part of the winter’s rain, and -though we feared it would become stagnant, -this danger was quite overcome by the simple -little pump used, which is made almost exactly -after the pattern of the old Egyptian pumps, -and consists of a chain of small buckets, which -revolves, and as one half come up and empty -themselves through the pump spout, the other -half go down into the water full of air; and -thus the contents of the cistern are in this way -constantly revitalised.</p> - -<p>We have never done congratulating ourselves -on possessing this cistern, for the water is -always cool and sweet, and as our roof is very -large, it soon fills the cistern, which holds three -hundred barrels, and lasts all the year. The -flume water, which we use in irrigation, and -which is also laid on in the house for the -boiler, etc., comes from the mountains in an -open aqueduct or flume. It is at times full of -moss and impurities, and is besides quite tepid -in the summer.</p> - -<p>We had many discussions, standing on our -front verandah, and looking down the rough -hill slope, as to how the drive should be laid -out. We meant to have an avenue of pepper -trees on each side, and once these were -planted, the road could not well be altered. -Meanwhile, sixteen more acres had been cleared -of roots and brush, ploughed and harrowed for -more lemon trees. In the spring we planted -seven hundred young trees, which made in all -one thousand five hundred.</p> - -<p>The kitchen garden was set in order, and -fenced in to keep out the squirrels and rabbits. -They were a great nuisance that first year, but -have now retired to their own wild part of the -land, which certainly is roomy enough. The -rattlesnakes, too, though we were constantly -coming across them in the beginning, have -now quietly withdrawn to the stony mountain -tops.</p> - -<p>That first year I was haunted with the fear -of those hideous creatures, and the dread of an -accident to one of my dear ranchers.</p> - -<p>But all the same, it was a thrilling excitement -when each one was caught and brought -down to the barn to be gloated over; and -though it was dead, it would still wriggle its -ugly body, and snap its terrible jaws at anything -that might touch it, and with the power still of -deadly effect.</p> - -<p>One of the boys brought down from the hill -a particularly large fellow, hanging on a forked -stick, its frightful mouth gaping so wide open -that the whole head seemed split in two, and -big amber-coloured drops of the terrible poison -hanging to its fangs.</p> - -<p>One certainly gets accustomed to anything; -and here even the little children think nothing -of killing a rattlesnake on their way to school. -It is true they are easily killed, and are always -in a hurry to get away. The danger is, of -course, that one may tread on them unawares, -for their skin is so like the colour of the ground. -But on the road they are easily seen, and in -walking through the brush one keeps a sharp -look-out.</p> - -<p>The house looked terribly bare, perched on -the hill-top, without a touch of green about it -and no single patch of shade far or near, so we -were in a great hurry to make the garden, -which was to surround the house, but was only -to be a small one, as when once we had made -it, we should, of course, have to keep it in -order ourselves. When it was finished, we -could not but laugh at our cypress hedge of -baby trees about ten inches high, standing -round so valiantly, and through which the -smallest chicken walked with easy dignity. -However, now it is a thick green wall, six or -eight feet high, and there is a fence as well to -keep out barn-yard intruders.</p> - -<p>Shade trees were planted, perhaps too profusely, -in our eagerness for the shade and the -dear green for which our eyes so hungered.</p> - -<p>Among the many different pangs of homesickness, -a longing for the trees, and the -beautiful green of England, is almost as -painful as the <i>sehnsucht</i> that pinches one so -surely at times, for the sight of an old friend’s -face.</p> - -<p>We are unusually fortunate in having within -reach exceptionally charming cultivated people; -and their kindliness to the newcomers, has -made all the difference to us in the happiness -of our social life.</p> - -<p>But old friends grow ever dearer to the -exiled ones, and I often think that if those at -home who have friends in “foreign parts” -knew with what joy and gratitude each simple -sign is received, which proves that still they -are remembered, then, indeed, many an odd -paper, or little book, would be dropped into -the post, when time or inclination for letter-writing -failed. The paper has tenfold its -value, because of the unwritten message it -conveys from friend to friend.</p> - -<p>After the garden was finished, we cleared a -piece of land on the hilltop, at the back of the -ranch, about one acre in size, and made a -small plantation there of eucalyptus, for firewood; -it grows very fast and needs little -attention. Also six acres on the hill-slopes, -that lay too high for irrigation, and therefore -would not do for lemons, we cleared, and -planted with peaches.</p> - -<p>In April we worked hard, laying more -piping. Pipe-laying is the pain and crucifixion -of a rancher’s life. No part of the work -is so detested; it is very back-breaking work -to begin with, and there are frantic half hours -spent over screws that will not screw, where -the thread of the pipe has been broken or injured -in the transit, or faultily made; and -there are the bends in the land, which the pipe -has to be coaxed round, and there are “elbows,” -and “tees,” and “unions,” and “crosses,” -and “hydrants,” each of which has its own -separate way of being exasperating.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_742"></a>{742}</span></p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="figcenter illowe37_5" id="i742" > - <img class="w100" src="images/i_742.jpg" alt="Decorative" /> -</div> - - - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="DIET_IN_REASON_AND_IN_MODERATION">DIET IN REASON AND IN MODERATION.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> “THE NEW DOCTOR.”</p> - - -<h3>PART II.</h3> - -<p class="ph3">THE MIDDAY MEAL.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Englishmen</span> fall -into two classes as regards their diet; those -that take a small lunch and their chief meal in -the evening, and those who make the midday -meal the chief and take a small supper before -retiring.</p> - -<p>Social position is the chief agent which -determines to which class an individual belongs. -The working classes usually dine in -the middle of the day, and the professional -and upper classes dine in the evening.</p> - -<p>We will continue our remarks on the diet of -the richer classes, not because it is better or -more suitable than the plainer diet of the -working classes, but because the rich naturally -keep a more varied table, and so will -give us more material to criticise.</p> - -<p>Luncheon is a desultory sort of meal, and -though most people eat something, many -do so only because they think that it is the -thing to do, and not because they are really -hungry.</p> - -<p>If you will accompany us, we will go to see -the luncheon given by Lord X. at his Surrey -home. But we cannot go as guests, for not -only have we not been invited, but we are -going to criticise many things about the table -and the meal. We must, therefore, remain -invisible and inaudible, for it is unpardonable -to make remarks at the table, even if those -remarks would save a whole company from -indigestion and a sleepless night.</p> - -<p>Before the meal is served, our eyes are -offended by something on the sideboard which -is sufficient to destroy the appetite of any -extra delicately-minded person if she only knew -its secrets.</p> - -<p>The object is nothing less than a cold -pheasant pie ornamented by the head or -feathers of the bird whose flesh the pie is -supposed to contain. We want you to examine -that ornament, and we feel pretty -certain that if you do, you will never again -eat meat pies.</p> - -<p>In order that the carcases of dead animals -should not encumber the earth, it has been -ordained that when an animal dies, its body -rapidly decomposes and becomes dissolved -into simple gases. The agents that bring -about the dissolution of the body are various. -The chief agents which cause the decomposition -of organic matter are microbes. The majority -of these do not produce diseases in man, but -some of them do, and some of these you -might find on that pheasant pie if you could -see it through a microscope.</p> - -<p>Similarly offensive, but to a less degree, is -the practice of putting pigeons’ feet sticking -outside a steak pie to suggest that the remainder -of the birds is inside, and putting -feathers into the tails of roast pheasants.</p> - -<p>One of the chief values of cooking is to -sterilise food, so why foul the food you have -so carefully sterilised by sticking decaying -matter into it?</p> - -<p>The first item of the luncheon consists of -oysters, and we notice that only three out of -the company of twelve partake of them. As -nearly everybody who can afford them likes -oysters, there is probably some special reason -why nine out of twelve persons refuse them. -Doubtless it is the typhoid scare, and we are -much pleased to see that some persons, at all -events, do occasionally give a side thought to -preventive medicine.</p> - -<p>The question of the causation of typhoid -fever by oysters is one of great importance, -and one that should be clearly understood by -everyone. That oysters are one of the means -by which some recent epidemics of typhoid -fever have been spread is undoubted, but the -exact part that they have played is not so easy -to understand, for the latest commission upon -the question found that the typhoid bacillus is -killed by immersion in sea-water, that it did -not occur in any oysters that they opened, -and when it was injected into the oyster, it -was promptly killed.</p> - -<p>This seems to say emphatically that oysters -cannot harbour the typhoid bacillus, and -therefore cannot produce typhoid fever. But -medicine is not as easy as that. That the -oysters they examined could not produce -typhoid fever is certain, but their remarks do -not by any means prove that typhoid is not -spread by any oysters.</p> - -<p>At one time there was very great excitement -about this question, and a tremendous lot of -nonsense was talked about it. Some persons -maintained the typhoid bacillus only occurred -in bad oysters. We suppose a bad oyster is -eaten occasionally, but Lord X.’s guests are -not likely to be troubled with bad oysters.</p> - -<p>Oysters cannot cause typhoid fever unless -they contain this bacillus, and they only -obtain it from sewers opening into the sea. -Therefore it is only those oysters which have -come from places where sewers open into the -sea that can cause typhoid fever.</p> - -<p>Of course, as soon as the oyster scare was -started, everybody who caught typhoid fever -attributed it to oysters she had eaten the day, -the week, month, or year before. But the -incubation period of typhoid fever is from one -to three weeks; that means that when the -bacilli get into the body they do not produce -the disease till from one to three weeks after -infection. Therefore it is only oysters eaten -from one to three weeks before the onset of -the fever that could possibly have caused the -disease. As a matter of fact, oysters are a -real, but not very common, method by which -typhoid is spread.</p> - -<p>We notice that one of the three guests who -have taken oysters discards one because it is -green. He is quite right to do so, for though -it may be quite wholesome, it may be coloured -with copper. Doubtless it would do no harm, -but he is quite right not to risk the possibility -of sickness for an oyster!</p> - -<p>Amongst the other items of the luncheon -we notice cold beef and salad. These will -furnish us with material for discussion, for -there are several very important medical points -in connection with both.</p> - -<p>Cold meat is a very good food in its way, -but like all meat it is a strong food, that is, it -is readily digested and furnishes a very large -amount of nourishment. If you make a meal -entirely of beef, you will not suffer from -indigestion, because beef is very digestible, -but you will eat too much, you will throw too -much nourishment into the blood, and you -will give your organs, especially the liver and -kidneys, great trouble to dispose of the -superfluous nourishment.</p> - -<p>Although a cold joint of beef seems so -much less rich and strong than the same joint -hot, it is really very much the same in the -amount of nourishment that it contains. -People very rarely serve hot meat without -vegetables and surroundings, but it is the -fashion to serve cold meat by itself, with -nothing but bread, and most persons eat very -little bread indeed with their meals.</p> - -<p>Meat should never be served alone. Vegetables -of some sort must be served with both -hot and cold meat, and far more vegetable and -less meat than is usually served should be -your aim.</p> - -<p>Salad is of course a vegetable or vegetables, -and if properly prepared and selected, it is not -at all a bad form of food.</p> - -<p>We do not suppose many of you know -much of the mysteries of agriculture, for if<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_743"></a>{743}</span> -you did, such a thing as an unwashed salad -would never appear upon your tables. Salads -are not washed half enough, and an unwashed -salad is a most dangerous article of food. All -vegetables are best when rapidly grown, and -to grow vegetables rapidly it is necessary to -supply them with strong manures.</p> - -<p>You must thoroughly wash and dry any -vegetables that you eat raw, for, excluding -such harmless creatures as slugs and caterpillars, -they may contain germs of disease. -Typhoid fever is frequently caused by eating -unwashed salads, especially watercress. This -is a far more common method of getting -typhoid than is eating infected oysters. -Another disease almost invariably due to -eating infected vegetables is hydatid disease, a -somewhat uncommon affection in England, -but one of the most formidable plagues in -Iceland and Australia.</p> - -<p>There are few salads which are not difficult -to digest. Corn salad, French lettuce, endive, -beetroot, and watercresses, are the least -indigestible, then come in order, Cos lettuce, -chicory, mustard and cress, cucumber, and -radishes. Spring onions usually agree with -most persons, but some people cannot stand -onions in any form. Onions always produce -the peculiar and decidedly unpleasant odour -of the breath, and not, as is usually supposed, -only in those who cannot digest them. For -the smell is due to the excretion of the volatile -oil of onions by the breath.</p> - -<p>Two excellent salads are potato salad and -cold vegetable salad. This morning we read -a recipe for the latter in one of the back -numbers of this paper, and it struck us as -being a particularly inviting and desirable -addition to a dinner of cold meat.</p> - -<p>The lunch is finished off with a savoury of -herrings’ roes on toast. These were probably -tinned roes, or we will presume they were, so -as to introduce the discussion of the values -and dangers of tinned meat.</p> - -<p>The dangers of eating tinned meats have been -grossly exaggerated, and if you pay a reasonable -price for tinned provisions, it is extremely -unlikely that they will do you any harm. -Unfortunately, many thousands of “blown” -tins of putrid provisions are still sold in -London yearly in spite of the care and close -scrutiny of the law. But if you pay a reasonable -sum for your tinned provisions, you will -not get these bad tins. Of course, if you -pay fourpence a dozen for tins of milk or -sardines, you cannot expect to get good stuff, -and you should always avoid tins reduced in -price, for it usually means that they are very -stale.</p> - -<p>There are two ways in which tinned things -may become poisonous, either the contents -may become contaminated with the metal of -the cans, or the meats themselves may undergo -alkaloidal degeneration. The former, the -lesser evil, can only occur in tinned meats. -The latter, by far the greater evil, may occur -in any preserved provisions, and is perhaps -more common in stores preserved in skins or -glasses than in those in tins.</p> - -<p>Nowadays meats do not often become -poisoned by the tins in which they have been -kept. It used to be not uncommon for the -solder of the tin to be dissolved by acid juices -in the contents. This was especially frequent -with tinned Morella cherries and other acid -tart-fruits. But now acid fruits are nearly -always sold in bottles, and only fruits which -are sweet and not acid are sold in tins.</p> - -<p>The tinned fruits that we get from California -are most excellent, and we have never -heard of ill-effects of any kind following their -use. The canning is carried on entirely by -girls on the Californian ranches. The tins are -rather dear, but they are much the best things -of the kind that have come beneath our -notice.</p> - -<p>The second method by which tinned meats -may become poisoned is a degeneration, or -decomposition if you like, by which the -wholesome albumen of the contents is changed -into intensely poisonous animal alkaloids. -Alkaloids are very powerful bodies, and the -vegetable alkaloids, such as strychnine, quinine, -and morphine, are much used in medicine.</p> - -<p>But these animal alkaloids are far more -powerful for harm than even the most deadly -of the vegetable poisons. So powerful are -they that a quantity of one of them found in -canned fish, which killed two adults who -had partaken of it, was insufficient to demonstrate -by our most delicate chemical tests. If -these drugs are so powerful for harm, is it not -possible that they may be equally powerful -for good, when their actions and doses are -worked out?</p> - -<p>What causes this curious decomposition of -preserved provisions is not known. In tinned -meats, at all events, it cannot be ordinary -putrefaction, for this cannot occur without -air, and the tins are air-tight. It is probably -due to organisms, but this is uncertain.</p> - -<p>This form of decomposition of meat cannot -be told by the flavour of the provisions; and -its deleterious effects cannot be destroyed by -boiling. There is no way to prevent it save -by buying preserved provisions which have -not been kept for long.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="AN_AFTERNOON_BOOK_PARTY">AN AFTERNOON “BOOK PARTY.”</h2> -</div> - - -<div class="ddropcapbox illow150"> -<img class="idropcap" src="images/i_743.jpg" width="150" height="196" alt='T' /></div> - -<p><span class="uppercase">hough</span> book -parties are -not very new, -they are not, -I think, so -general but -that the idea -may be a new -one to some -readers of -<span class="smcap">The Girl’s -Own Paper</span>, -and if they -have not yet -been at one, -they may be -glad to have -some suggestions -on the subject. I think these book -afternoons certainly give a good deal of amusement -to the participants without trouble or -appreciable expense to the giver. For the -benefit of such as may feel inclined to entertain -their friends in this way, here is the -account of an afternoon party to which I was -invited a few weeks back. These gatherings -are, I might say, most suitable for young -people; but though it is a long time since I -could class myself amongst the young, I really -enjoyed the merry afternoon we had. Our -invitations were for afternoon tea at 4.30, but -in the corner was written, “Book Party.” By -this it was understood that every guest should -symbolise some book, not necessarily by dress, -but by wearing some emblem or motto that -would give the name of the book selected.</p> - -<p>The hostess provided as many cards and -pencils as there were guests. These were -plain correspondence cards which had been -decorated with pretty or comic designs at the -top by the daughter of the house. Each -visitor had a card with pencil given to him or -to her on arrival which was to have the titles -and names of the other “books” present -written on it. It need hardly be said that -many mistakes are always made, while in some -cases the emblems chosen are so remote that -it is hardly possible to divine the meaning.</p> - -<p>A few of the books represented, and the -symbols used, will best explain this, and may -also help any girls who are inclined to inaugurate -an entertainment of this kind.</p> - -<p>On the occasion of which I am writing the -host and hostess said they, together, named a -book, though they wore no badge or mark. -Of course, nearly all guessed that they were -Wilkie Collins’s <i>Man and Wife</i>. A young -lady came in white to represent <i>The Woman -in White</i>, while a lady in a silk dress and hat -was meant for Black’s <i>In Silk Attire</i>. Then -a gentleman wore the hostess’s visiting-card -for <i>Our Mutual Friend</i>. A lady wore the -sign “Gemini” in her hat for Sarah Grand’s -<i>Heavenly Twins</i>. A lucky penny fastened on -the shoulder showing the head with “I win” -below it, and a second penny showing the -reverse side, and under that “you lose,” stood -for <i>Bound to Win</i>. Then <em class="gesperrt">1o0n0e0</em>, written -on a card, and worn in a hat, was to be read -<i>One in a Thousand</i>, while some coins on a -string signified <i>Hard Cash</i>. A bow of orange -and green ribbon gave Henty’s book <i>Orange -and Green</i>. A neat-looking girl wore a cravat -with a piece of the lace hanging from it for -<i>Never too Late to Mend</i>, while another young -girl had the word “stood” stuck in her hat -for <i>Misunderstood</i>. Some large white wings -in a hat gave Black’s novel of that name. A -little sketch of a child with eyes shut and -mouth wide open was for <i>Great Expectations</i>. -A lad with N & S on the side of his jacket -meant to represent <i>A Tale of Two Cities</i>. The -word wedding, written in red ink, was for -Jephson’s <i>Pink Wedding</i>, and the musical -notation of a chime stood for <i>The Lay of the -Bell</i>. The queen of hearts out of a pack of -cards was worn by a gentleman to represent -Wilkie Collins’s novel of that name, while -“no credit,” stuck in a hat, was meant for -James Payn’s <i>For Cash Only</i>. A girl wore -her mother’s photograph for Grace Aguilar’s -<i>Home Influence</i>. Heartsease, yellow aster, -and other flowers that name books, also small -pictures of “Pair of Blue Eyes,” “Windsor -Castle,” “Old St. Paul’s,” and others. There -were also some books of more serious character, -such as the <i>Times Encyclopædia</i>; the -twenty-five volumes were marked on a belt. -Sir J. Lubbock’s <i>Ants, Bees, and Wasps</i> also -found a representative. It is easy to find an -endless variety of book names that one can -symbolise in one way or another, but works of -fiction lend themselves the most easily.</p> - -<p>On the particular afternoon of which I am -writing we were all occupied with our cards -while tea was being handed. When all seemed -to have finished writing, the hostess took all -the cards, and amidst much laughter the -names of the books were read out from each -card, and a prize awarded to the owner of the -card with the most correct guesses on it, and a -second prize was given to the one who was -least successful—the “duffer’s prize” it was -called. This was a wooden spoon, which, -however, was received with great good -humour, the recipient declaring he had never -in his life guessed anything!</p> - -<p>The first prize was a box of sweets, which -the winner handed round to the unsuccessful -competitors.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_744"></a>{744}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="TO_NIGHT">TO NIGHT.</h2> -</div> - - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"><span class="smcap">Come</span>, solemn Night, and spread thy pall</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Wide o’er the slumbering shore and sea,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And hang along thy vaulted hall</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The star-lights of eternity;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Thy beacons, beautiful and bright—</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Isles in the ocean of the blest—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That guide the parted spirit’s flight</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Unto the land of rest.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Come—for the evening glories fade,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Quenched in the ocean’s depths profound;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Come with thy solitude and shade,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Thy silence and thy sound;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Awake the deep and lonely lay</div> - <div class="verse indent2">From wood and stream, of saddening tone;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The harmonies unheard by day,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The music all thine own!</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">And with thy starry eyes that weep</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Their silent dews on flower and tree,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">My heart shall solemn vigils keep—</div> - <div class="verse indent2">My thoughts converse with thee;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Upon whose glowing page expand</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The revelations of the sky;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Which knowledge teach to every land,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Of man’s high destiny.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">For while the mighty orbs of fire</div> - <div class="verse indent2">(So “wildly bright” they seem to live)</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Feel not the beauty they inspire,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Nor see the light they give;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Even I, an atom of the earth—</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Itself an atom ’midst the frame</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Of nature—can inquire their birth,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And ask them whence they came.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="OUR_LILY_GARDEN">OUR LILY GARDEN.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="ph3">PRACTICAL AIDS TO THE CULTURE OF LILIES.</p> - -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> CHARLES PETERS.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">There</span> are but few lilies left for us to describe, -and these are of very little importance -to the flower-grower.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowe12_5" id="i744" > - <img class="w100" src="images/i_744.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p class="center"><i>Lilium Auratum.</i></p></div> -</div> - - -<p><i>Lilium Concolor</i> and <i>Lilium Davidii</i> are -usually considered under the Isolirion group, -but they present such numerous deviations -from that group of lilies that we have decided -to make a group of them alone.</p> - -<p><i>Lilium Concolor</i> is a pretty, little, very -variable lily. It is more suitable for a button-hole -decoration than for anything else, but it -has a pleasing effect when grown in great -masses. This species has a very small bulb -with few, acute, oblong scales. The plant -grows to about a foot high, and bears from -one to three flowers about an inch and a half -across, and of a deep crimson colour spotted -with black. The flowers open very wide, and -the filaments are shorter than in any other -lily. Of the great number of varieties of this -lily we will describe two. The first, named -<i>Buschianum</i>, or <i>Sinicum</i>, grows taller, has -larger leaves, and larger and more numerous -blossoms, which are of a fine crimson.</p> - -<p>The second variety, <i>Coridion</i>, is by far -the handsomest of the group, bearing large -flowers of a bright yellow spotted with brown. -<i>Concolor</i> is a native of Western Asia. Its -culture is very simple, and it is perfectly hardy.</p> - -<p>Of <i>Lilium Davidii</i>, we only know that it -was discovered by David in Thibet; that it -grows about two feet high, and bears bright -yellow flowers spotted with brown. We also -know that there is a plate of this species in -Elwes’s Monograph. The plant is practically -unknown to everybody.</p> - -<p>The last group of lilies, Notholirion, contains -two or, as we have it, three species -which are not very well known, and it is a -little doubtful whether they are lilies at all. -Formerly they were considered to be fritillaries, -and certainly they bear more superficial -resemblance to those plants than they do -to the lilies.</p> - -<p>Most authors include <i>Lilium Oxypetalum</i> -among the Archelirions, because its flowers -are widely expanded. But as in every other -particular it differs completely from that -group of lilies, we have separated it from -<i>L. Auratum</i> and <i>L. Speciosum</i>, and placed it -among the Notholirions, to which it bears -considerable resemblance.</p> - -<p>This little-known lily was formerly called -Fritillaria oxypetala, and bears more resemblance -to the fritillaries than it does to the -lilies. The bulb is oblong, with but few -lance-shaped scales. The stem grows to the -height of about fifteen inches, and bears about -twenty or thirty leaves, resembling those of -our native snake’s-head fritillary in every -particular. One or two blossoms are borne -on each stem. They are pale lilac, star-like -blossoms, with numerous little hairs on the -bases of the segments. The petals are acutely -pointed. The anthers are scarlet.</p> - -<p>This plant is a native of the Western -Himalayas. It is very uncommon in gardens. -We have never possessed it, and know nothing -of its culture.</p> - -<p>The two lilies <i>Lilium Roseum</i> and <i>Lilium -Hookeri</i> are now included in this genus, but -they have been referred first to the lilies, then -to the fritillaries, then back again to the lilies, -and so on. And it is very doubtful if they are -even now in their last resting-place.</p> - -<p>The bulbs of these lilies are invested in -dense membranous tunics like those of the -daffodil. <i>Lilium Roseum</i> grows to about two -feet high; <i>L. Hookeri</i> rarely reaches half this -height. The leaves are said to bear bulblets -in their axils. Six to thirty little nodding -bell-like blossoms of a deep lilac colour are -produced by <i>L. Roseum</i>, but <i>L. Hookeri</i> -rarely produces more than eight blossoms. -But little is known of these lilies. They are -both natives of the Himalayas, and are said to -be somewhat tender. They may be grown in -a mixture of rubble, old bricks, sand, and leaf -mould.</p> - -<p>We have never grown them ourselves, as it -is practically impossible to obtain bulbs. We -have seen <i>L. Roseum</i> in blossom, and were -not particularly impressed by it.</p> - -<p>Had we been describing roses, chrysanthemums, -hyacinths, or any other flowers which -are highly cultivated, we would have dismissed -the natural species with a very brief description, -and turned our chief attention to the -artificial varieties and hybrids.</p> - -<p>But with lilies it is different. As we have -seen, there are very many natural species. -Indeed, the species almost outnumber the -varieties, and these latter are rarely very -different from the parent species. As regards -double-flowered varieties, we have seen that -only four lilies bear them, whereas nine-tenths -of the cultivated varieties of roses and chrysanthemums -are double.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_745"></a>{745}</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp55" id="i745" style="max-width: 35.9375em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_745.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"> -<p class="right"> -[<i>Photo by F. Hanfstaengl.</i> -</p> -<p class="center">NIGHT.</p> -<p class="center">(<i>From the painting by Gabriel Max.</i>)</p></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_746"></a>{746}</span></p> - -<p>And when we pass on to consider the -hybrid lilies, we are likewise astonished at -their paucity. Why are hybrid lilies so uncommon? -Let us see if we can fathom the -mystery.</p> - -<p>One reason is that the majority of lilies -never bear seed in England. Many, even in -their native climes, bear seed but rarely, the -natural method of increase being by bulblets. -Another reason with us is the exceeding difficulty -of raising lily-seed. They take so long -to germinate that most seeds are destroyed -before they show any sign of life.</p> - -<p>Still, we believe that there is a great future -for the hybridisation on lilies. Perhaps you -would like to try it yourself. Then proceed -as follows.</p> - -<p>Let us cross <i>Lilium Auratum</i> with <i>Lilium -Speciosum</i>. Choose well-grown specimens of -each lily. Let the buds develop till they -begin to change colour. Then remove every -bud except one—the best—from each plant. -The remaining bud of the <i>L. Auratum</i> must -then be slipped open, and the anthers removed. -It may then be allowed to open -naturally, but it must be carefully protected -from insects of any kind, lest one of these -should bring to it a pollen grain from another -blossom of its own species. When the -<i>L. Speciosum</i> has matured its pollen, cut off -the anthers, and rub the pollen upon the style -of the <i>L. Auratum</i>.</p> - -<p>Three things may now happen. The first, -the most likely, is that the flower will die, and -will not produce seed. The second is that the -plant will produce seed, but these, when they -have been grown into flowering bulbs, will -reproduce unaltered <i>L. Auratum</i>. The third—last -and least likely possibility—is that the -plant will produce seed which, when grown -and flowered, will produce blossoms which -partake of the characters of its two parents. -In other words, these last are genuine -hybrids.</p> - -<p>It is extremely unlikely that more than one -per cent. of the seeds will produce a blossom -which bears the marks of both parents. The -majority will either die, or else be simple -<i>L. Auratum</i>, without anything to show that -they are hybrids.</p> - -<p>Even with those rare plants which definitely -show their hybrid origin, a great diversity of -colouring may be observed. But the colour of -the parents is very variable, and after a few -years the hybrid lily looses the characteristics -of the <i>L. Speciosum</i> and becomes merely a -reddish variety of <i>L. Auratum</i>.</p> - -<p>But there are two hybrid lilies which are -quite constant, and as they are two of the -finest of the whole group, they are well worth -growing.</p> - -<p><i>Lilium Alexandræ</i>, the Japanese “Uki -Ure” or “Hill Lily,” is in all probability a -hybrid between <i>Lilium Auratum</i> and <i>Lilium -Longiflorum</i>. We say “in all probability,” -for we are not quite certain that it is not a true -species.</p> - -<p>There are some persons who think that one -white lily is much like another. But put side -by side <i>L. Alexandræ</i>, <i>L. Longiflorum</i>, and -<i>L. Candidum</i>. Are they alike? Could anyone -mistake one for another? Surely not! -They differ in every detail—even in colour. -The long trumpet of <i>L. Longiflorum</i> is -delicate greenish-white. The Madonna lily -is like porcelain; and the hill lily possesses -a rich milky hue, somewhat resembling the -colour of <i>L. Brownii</i>, which we so much -admired.</p> - -<p>And in shape how different they are. One -is a long and regular trumpet, another is a -shallow cup, and the lily we are specially considering -is widely opened with its segments -slightly curved, the whole blossom resembling -a gigantic white star.</p> - -<p><i>Lilium Alexandræ</i> is not a big lily. It -grows about two feet high and bears from one -to four blossoms. These blossoms are very -large, of a rich milky white, resembling in -shape those of <i>L. Auratum</i>. The pollen is -chocolate colour. The fragrance of this lily is -very great. On the evening of a hot day in -the middle of August last year we could -detect the scent of a bed of these lilies, then -in full bloom, at the distance of over one -hundred yards. Its scent is rich and full, -something between that of jasmine and -vanilla.</p> - -<p>The culture of this hybrid is not difficult. -It is best grown in pots, for it is very sensitive -to rain at its flowering period. In rigorous -districts this lily should be grown in a cool -greenhouse, but in the south of England it -will grow to perfection out of doors. The -soil should consist of equal parts of peat, very -finely broken, leaf-mould, and sharp sand. It -wants a very large quantity of water.</p> - -<p>Few lilies have given us greater pleasure -than <i>L. Alexandræ</i>. It is one of those plants -which are so striking that it is impossible to -forget them when you have once seen them. -It is so very delicate, so pure and so fragrant.</p> - -<p>Doubtless most of our readers are acquainted -with the old Nankeen lily. This is a very old -favourite, and is usually thought to be a true -species, but for all that it is almost for certain -a hybrid between <i>L. Candidum</i> and <i>L. Chalcedoniam</i>. -This plant rejoices in a goodly -number of names, of which <i>L. Testaceum</i>, -<i>L. Isabellinum</i>, and <i>L. Excelsum</i> are the -commonest.</p> - -<p>This lily is unknown in the wild state, and -its origin is very obscure. It is an English -garden hybrid, but who first raised it or -possessed it is unknown.</p> - -<p>Yet it is a very striking lily, growing to the -height of four or five feet and producing a -great cluster of buff-coloured blossoms. In -general features it resembles its parent <i>L. Candidum</i>, -but the flower shows a distinct connection -with the Martagons. Its colour -certainly is not derived from either of its -parents. A mixture of scarlet and pure white -should give pink; but <i>L. Testaceum</i> is of a -yellowish-buff colour. The lily which it most -nearly resembles is <i>L. Monodelphum</i>; but -though very fine, it is nothing like so splendid -as that queen of the Martagons.</p> - -<p>This lily is distinctly a cottage-garden -flower. Except in that situation it is never -seen. Yet it is common enough in old -cottage-gardens, and a more befitting flower -can scarcely be imagined. It looks old—in -keeping with the place which it enhances by -its presence.</p> - -<p>The cultivation of this lily is the same as -that of <i>L. Candidum</i>. It does not do well -until it is well established, and it has a -particular objection to growing in modern -gardens.</p> - -<p><i>Lilium Parkmanni</i> is the hybrid between -<i>L. Auratum</i> and <i>L. Speciosum</i>. Genuine -specimens bear blossoms somewhat intermediate -between the parent species.</p> - -<p>There is also a hybrid between <i>L. Hansoni</i> -and <i>L. Martagon Dalmaticum</i>, called <i>Lilium -Dalhansoni</i>.</p> - -<p>These four hybrids are the only ones which -deserve to be mentioned, and of these only the -first two are worth a place in the flower-garden.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be concluded.</i>)</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHOCOLATE_DATES">CHOCOLATE DATES.</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Have</span> you ever tasted chocolate dates? If so, -these directions will be almost needless to you, -for I fancy that you will not have stopped at a -taste, but will have tried and found out a way -to manufacture them for yourself. But so far -as I know, these dates are, as yet, quite a -home-made sweet, and they are so delicious -and so wholesome that they ought to be more -widely known. Here then is the recipe. Any -sort of dates and any sort of chocolate may be -used, but the best results are got from the best -materials in confectionary even more than in -other work. Take then a pound of Tunis -dates, either bought in the familiar oblong -boxes or by the pound. Leave out any which -are not perfectly ripe; the soapy taste of one -of these paler, firmer dates is enough to disgust -anyone with dates for ever. Wipe the -others very gently with a damp cloth (dates -are not gathered by the Dutch!), slit them -lengthwise with a silver knife, but only so far -as to enable you to extract the kernel without -bruising the fruit. Then prepare the chocolate. -Grate a quarter of a pound of best French -chocolate, add an equal weight of fresh icing -sugar, two tablespoonfuls of boiling water, and -mix in a small brass or earthenware saucepan -over the fire until quite smooth, only it must -<i>not</i> boil; last of all add a few drops of vanilla.</p> - -<p>Then put your small saucepan inside a larger -one half filled with boiling water, just to keep -the chocolate fluid until all the dates are filled. -Take up a little of the mixture in a teaspoon, -press open the date, and pour it neatly in. -There must be no smears or threads of -chocolate if your confectionary is to look -dainty. When about a dozen are filled, gently -press the sides together, and the chocolate -should just show a shiny brown ridge in the -middle of the date. Place on a board in a -cool place to harden; they may be packed up -next day.</p> - -<p>Almost as nice as chocolate dates are nougat -dates. The foundation for the nougat is the -same as for American candies: the white of -one egg and an equal quantity of cold water to -half a pound of sifted icing sugar, all mixed -perfectly smoothly together. Then chop equal -quantities of blanched walnuts, almonds, Brazils, -and hazel nuts together, mix with the sugar in -the proportion of two thirds of nut to one of -the sugar mixture, and leave until next day in -the cellar. By that time the nougat will be -firm enough to form into kernels by gently -rolling between the hands; if it sticks, your -hands are too warm. It is best to do this part -of the work in the cellar. Having stoned and -first wiped your dates, put in the nougat -kernels, gently pressing the sides together; -they will harden in a short time, and very -pretty they look packed alternately with the -chocolate dates in fancy boxes. Tunis dates -do not keep good much longer than two -months, the grocer tells me; we have never -been able to keep them half that time to try! -Of course, you can use the commoner dates, -which are very good to eat, but hardly so nice -to look at as the others, because on account of -their more sugary consistency it is impossible to -fill them so neatly as the moister Tunis dates. -Tafilat dates are somehow too dry and solid to -combine well either with nuts or chocolate.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_747"></a>{747}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="HOW_WE_MANAGED_WITHOUT_SERVANTS">HOW WE MANAGED WITHOUT SERVANTS.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By Mrs.</span> FRANK W. W. TOPHAM, Author of “The Alibi,” “The Fateful Number,” etc.</p> - - -<h3>CHAPTER III.</h3> - -<div class="ddropcapbox illow80"> -<img class="idropcap" src="images/i_747.jpg" width="80" height="81" alt='T' /></div> - -<p><span class="uppercase">he</span> hot July days brought us -such good news from Cannes -that our hearts were all light -with the hope of soon welcoming -our parents back, -and Cecilly was especially -happy at being promised -several more pupils after the -summer holidays were over. Mrs. Moore, the -old lady to whom I read, had hinted that -she might require more of my time in the -autumn, so we had every reason to be light-hearted -and to forget the hardness of our -work with so much to be thankful for. Only -poor old Jack looked graver as the days went -by, and my heart ached for him with his secret -trouble.</p> - -<p>It was nearly the end of July that one -morning Cynthia came tapping at the kitchen -door, where I was surrounded with materials -for dinner.</p> - -<p>“Where is Cecilly?” she asked, and on -my telling her Cecilly was out, giving music -lessons, she told me she had tickets for a -concert that afternoon, and she knew how -much she would like to go.</p> - -<p>I knew so too, and at once said I would -leave my cooking till the afternoon and finish -a smart blouse Cecilly had been making for -herself.</p> - -<p>“Do let me do the cooking while you -sew,” Cynthia asked, but I said she had -better not as the dinner was to be what the -boys called a triumph of “mind over matter,” -meaning a dinner was to be made out of -scraps, which was always tiring work. But -Cynthia insisted on being cook.</p> - -<p>I had already sent Beatrice Ethel, the little -boot-girl, out for a quart of skimmed or -separated milk which Cecilly made into <i>Sago -Soup</i>: Take three or four onions and boil -them in the milk till soft enough to run -through a sieve. Boil six large potatoes and -rub through sieve. Put all back into milk -with pepper and salt. Add a teacup of sago, -tapioca, rice, or some macaroni. But sago is -best. Send up fried bread with this.</p> - -<p>Our meat course was to be breakfast pies, -and as there were some scraps over, Cynthia -made a mulligatawny pâté, which would -come in for breakfast.</p> - -<p>Our pudding was a <i>German Pudding</i>: -1 lb. flour, 1 teaspoonful of carbonate of soda -rubbed into the flour, 6 oz. of scraped fat, -½ lb. treacle melted in milk. To be boiled -for three hours. This would have been -sufficient for our dinner, but Cynthia begged -to make a few jam tarts, as she “loved making -pastry.” Whey they were finished, she had -a piece of pastry over, which she turned into -<i>Cheese Puffs</i>. She rolled out her paste, -sprinkled it thickly with cheese and “Paisley -Flour,” repeating the process several times. -She brushed them over with a little egg, and -baked them at once. I suggested, as we were -well off for milk, she might make a custard -to eat with our pudding, with “Bird’s Custard -Powder,” but only on condition that she asked -leave to come back with Cecilly to help us -eat such a grand dinner. Lately I had -noticed that she had been allowed to accept -our invitations for the evening, and although -it seemed a mistake for Jack to be in her -company too often, it was such a delight for -him to find her with us when he returned -home, I could not resist asking her.</p> - -<p>Cecilly had of course accepted Cynthia’s -invitation to the concert with much delight, -and I, having locked up the house, had spent -a pleasant afternoon with dear Aunt Jane, -who had given me a great bunch of beautiful -white lilies, and a basket of gooseberries for -the boys.</p> - -<p>I was only just back when I heard Cecilly’s -knock, and finding her alone I asked if Cynthia -were not coming to dinner.</p> - -<p>“Yes, indeed she is,” answered Cecilly, -“and what do you think? Mr. Marriott has -invited himself also!”</p> - -<p>“Oh, Cecilly,” I cried. “You must go -at once and get some fish and some fruit,” -but Cecilly interrupted me, saying—</p> - -<p>“No, he stipulates that we make no change. -He is coming to eat Cynthia’s cooking, and I -promised him we would have nothing extra, -except some coffee.”</p> - -<p>Of course I brought out our best table linen -and china, rubbed up our silver and glass, and -with Aunt Jane’s lilies for decoration our -dinner-table looked as nice as possible. -Cecilly ran up the road to meet Jack to tell -him the news as soon as she saw him, and -we had to be quite determined not to be -over-ruled, so anxious was he for various -additions to our meal.</p> - -<p>“Could you not run to Aunt Jane and ask -her to lend us her maid,” he asked, but I -insisted on no change being made.</p> - -<p>“Mr. Marriott is coming to see how clever -Cynthia is, and not to quiz us,” I replied, so -Jack had to be content. The soup was a -great success. We turned the Mulligatawny -pie into an <i>entrée</i>, and added the jam tarts to -the pudding course. Cecilly and Bob fetched -and carried the dishes, though I slipped out -during the cheese course to make the coffee -for dessert.</p> - -<p>We were a very merry party at dinner, and -Cynthia had many congratulations from us -all. Jack and Mr. Marriott were a long time -before they joined us in the drawing-room, -but when they came the evening was one of -the pleasantest we had spent since dear -father’s illness. Jack was so much more like -his old self, and Mr. Marriott so positive of -father’s recovery that every doubt and perplexity -of life fled, and it seemed to me that -all the pain of separation and the grave -anxieties of the past were now fled for ever. -Cecilly and the boys had gone up to bed -while I waited for Jack to return from walking -back with Cynthia and her father, and when -he came in I saw at once he had good news -for me.</p> - -<p>“Oh, Kitty,” he cried, in his old boyish -manner, “you can never guess what Mr. -Marriott has said to me this evening. He -said he always knew a good son would make -a good husband, but that he felt his little girl -would never make a good wife for a poor -man. But, Kitty Mavourneen, he says you -and Cecilly have shown her the way, and if, -when she is twenty-one, I like to ask her to -be my wife, he won’t send me away.”</p> - -<p>I was obliged to run upstairs to call Cecilly -to hear these good tidings, and Cecilly in her -dressing-gown, with her hair streaming down -her back, rushed down the stairs at a bound -to hug Jack in a way she had not dared to do -since he had grown “so cross and old.”</p> - -<p>It was but a few weeks afterwards that we -were welcoming father and mother back once -more—father, older-looking certainly than -before his illness, but no longer an invalid, -while mother looked stronger and rosier than -any of us could remember her. They were both -surprised to find how well we could manage -the housework, though father insisted on our -keeping Beatrice Ethel all day to do the -heaviest work.</p> - -<p>“As soon as I am in work again,” he said, -“we must find a strong servant once more,” -and on our protesting he answered, “My -darlings, you were perfectly right in doing -without servants as you have done. Now -there is really no necessity, and it is wiser for -Cecilly to spend her time over her music, to -enable her to teach others. You, dear Kitty, -we will gladly spare to Mrs. Moore, knowing -you can help her in her infirmity. This work -you are both fitted to undertake, and you can -then conscientiously leave the housework to -those other girls, who, not having had the -education God has permitted you to have, can -only labour with their hands and hearts. -Your experience will make you better mistresses, -I am convinced. You will be more -competent to teach and more sympathetic -over failures and shortcomings, and will never -in all your life regret that all these months -you have managed without servants.”</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="VARIETIES">VARIETIES.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Some Gaelic Proverbs.</span></p> - -<p>Most shallow—most noisy.</p> - -<p>The eye of a friend is an unerring mirror.</p> - -<p>Oft has the wise advice proceeded from the -mouth of folly.</p> - -<p>As a man’s own life, so is his judgment of -the lives of others.</p> - -<p>God cometh in the time of distress, and it -is no longer distress when He comes.</p> - -<p>The fortunate man awaits and he shall -arrive in peace; the unlucky hastens and evil -shall be his fate.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Life and Death.</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">I live, and yet I know not why,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Unless it be I live to die:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">I die—and dying live in vain,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Unless I die to live again.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">An Absolute Certainty.</span>—Amid the -mysteries which become the more mysterious -the more they are thought about, there will -remain the one absolute certainty that man is -ever in presence of an Infinite and Eternal -Energy from which all things proceed.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Passing an Examination.</span></p> - -<p>Here is how Professor William James of Harvard, -in his student days, passed an examination -before the late Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes.</p> - -<p>The first question put to him was as to the -nerves at the base of the brain. It so happened -that Mr. James was well up in the subject, and -he promptly gave an exhaustive reply.</p> - -<p>“Oh, well, if you know that you know -everything,” said Dr. Holmes cheerfully. -“Let’s talk about something else. How are all -your people at home?”</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_748"></a>{748}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="SHEILAS_COUSIN_EFFIE">SHEILA’S COUSIN EFFIE.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="ph3">A STORY FOR GIRLS.</p> - -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> EVELYN EVERETT-GREEN, Author of “Greyfriars,” “Half-a-dozen Sisters,” etc.</p> - - -<h3>CHAPTER XX.</h3> - -<p class="ph3">THE STORM BREAKS.</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">It</span> is simply disgraceful. You have -made yourself the talk of the hotel. I -am ashamed that you belong to my -party; and you shall go home on -Monday in the mail. I will not have -the responsibility any longer of a girl -who has no sense of obedience or of the -fitness of things. Back you shall go at -once. Your uncle will telegraph, and -somebody shall meet you at the other -end. But stay here any longer to behave -in this way you most certainly shall not!”</p> - -<p>Sheila stood white-faced and almost -terrified before her aunt. She was still -in her riding-habit. She had come in -so happily from her scramble with -Ronald down by the shore; and with -never a misgiving had run upstairs and -entered the sitting-room before going to -dress for dinner.</p> - -<p>There she found her aunt alone, waiting -for her as it now seemed; and without -warning the tempest had broken -over her head. She scarcely knew even -now of what she stood accused. It -seemed as though every sin of every sort -had been laid at her door. She could -at first scarcely get at the gist of what -her angry aunt could mean; but as Mrs. -Cossart proceeded it gradually dawned -upon Sheila that she was being accused -of having carried on a bare-faced flirtation -with Ronald Dumaresq, and of -having made herself the talk of the hotel -in so doing.</p> - -<p>It was like a stinging blow in the -face to the sensitive girl. She was -almost stunned by the rush of feeling -that came over her. A few weeks ago -she could have borne it better—she would -have been more angry, but less overwhelmed -with pain and shame.</p> - -<p>The wakening womanhood within her -made the accusation almost intolerable. -The very looks and words which had -passed between them that day seemed -to rise up before her in a bewildering -mist. Could it possibly be true what -her aunt was saying? Had she been -forward, unwomanly, fast? Had she -made people remark upon her—got -herself talked of as a flirt?—hateful title -that Sheila recoiled from as from a blow. -She had liked to be with Ronald, she -had thought he liked being with her. -But her aunt had said it was she who -was always entrapping him—those were -the very words. Oh, how cruel, how -cruel and unjust! But it was not true, -no, it was not! Only if such things were -being said, she could never, never, never -see Ronald again all her life!</p> - -<p>A wave of sudden desolation seemed -to sweep over Sheila. A rush of hot -tears flooded her eyes. She burst into -sobs and flung herself down on the sofa, -crying—</p> - -<p>“Oh, how can you say such cruel -things? How can you?”</p> - -<p>“I say them for your good—because -they are true,” answered Mrs. Cossart, -her anger in no way appeased by the -sight of Sheila’s grief; “and there is -the less excuse for you, because you have -always had Effie’s example before you. -You will never find her lowering herself -by running after young men as you have -been doing; and I tell you, Sheila, that -nothing so disgusts those very young -men as seeing girls do this. They -humour them at the time for their amusement, -and because their vanity is -flattered; but in the end they despise -them. Mr. Dumaresq has been very -kind to you, but he must know perfectly -well that you are trying to get him for a -husband.”</p> - -<p>Sheila suddenly started up, her face -suddenly grown white.</p> - -<p>“Aunt Cossart, you shall not say that -again! I will not bear it from you. -Yes, I will go away. I would not stay -after this. Where is my uncle? Let -me talk to him, but please do not say -another word. I cannot bear it!”</p> - -<p>There was something in the girl’s -sudden change of manner that half -frightened Mrs. Cossart. She did not -particularly want Sheila and her uncle -to meet just now.</p> - -<p>“Your uncle has gone downstairs,” -she answered uneasily, “you can see -him after dinner.”</p> - -<p>“I shall not go down to dinner,” said -Sheila, putting up her hand to her head -in a dazed way. “My head aches. I -shall go to bed. If I am going away on -Monday, I think I won’t come down to -meals any more.”</p> - -<p>“Well, I think you had better go to -bed,” said Mrs. Cossart. “You have -had a tiring day, and you don’t look -yourself. I don’t mean to be unkind, -Sheila, but you have no mother, and it -is my duty to speak plainly sometimes.”</p> - -<p>“Then I am sure you have done your -duty, Aunt Cossart,” said Sheila, giving -one direct look at her aunt, and then the -wave of bitterness surged over her once -more. The tears rushed to her eyes; -she felt as though she were choking, and -in a blind sort of way she darted from -the room, dashed into the one she shared -with Effie, and flinging herself upon her -bed broke into wild weeping.</p> - -<p>Effie had just finished her toilet, her -face was rather flushed, and she looked -uncomfortable and displeased. The -maid was putting the room to rights, -and cast a compassionate glance at the -prone figure on the bed. She had -received orders to pack up Sheila’s things -in readiness for the mail on Monday, -and as this was Saturday evening -and no word had been spoken previously -of such a thing, she divined that there -had been a “row.” Probably she had -a shrewd guess as to the cause, but of -course she made no remark, finished her -task and went away.</p> - -<p>Effie came and stood by Sheila.</p> - -<p>“Don’t cry so,” she said. “It’s a -pity it has happened, but nobody will -remember anything about it when you -are gone. The Barretts are going in -the mail on Monday. They will take -care of you, and be pleased to have you. -You always get on with people. And -it’s better to go than to have bothers all -the time.”</p> - -<p>Effie was half glad, half sorry to be -rid of Sheila. In a way she was fond of -her cousin, but she had become rather -jealous of her too. And then her foolish -mother had fostered in her the belief -that Ronald Dumaresq would certainly -pay his addresses to her if only Sheila -would let him alone, and not be perpetually -attracting him off to herself. -Effie had been taken by Ronald from the -first, and was flattered at being told of -his preference. She had begun to fancy -herself more or less in love with him, as -girls with nothing better to think about -are rather disposed to do. She liked to -picture herself the mistress of an establishment, -with a handsome young -husband to take her about. If it were -true that Ronald admired her, it was a -thousand pities he should not have a fair -field. Effie did not pause to consider -that he had an excellent opportunity -as it was for prosecuting his wooing, -and that if he let himself be turned from -his purpose by Sheila’s “machinations”—as -her mother called it—his love could -not be very deep or true. She was -accustomed to be led by her mother’s -opinions; and she had become very -jealous of the way in which people -“took up” Sheila, and left her out in -the cold.</p> - -<p>As Sheila made no answer, Effie -moved away, and joining her mother in -the next room remarked—</p> - -<p>“You have upset her very much, but -I suppose she will get over it. I think -she won’t come down to-night, her face -will be all red and swollen. What shall -we say to people? Shall you tell them -she is going to be sent home?”</p> - -<p>Mrs. Cossart looked a little taken -aback. She had overlooked the fact -that some explanation would have to be -given of this exceedingly sudden arrangement. -She looked at her daughter, and -then said slowly—</p> - -<p>“Well, we won’t say anything to-night, -only that Sheila has a headache -and cannot come down. You will have -a chance of talking to Mr. Dumaresq -at table now, Effie. I am quite tired -of the sound of Sheila’s laugh, and -her way of getting his notice all for -herself.”</p> - -<p>But Effie found Ronald rather abstracted, -and she did not make much -way with him. After he heard that -Sheila was not coming down he seemed -to go off into a brown study; and it was -only when Mr. Cossart suddenly seemed -to drop a bomb in their midst that he -took note of what was passing.</p> - -<p>“Yes, she is to go home on Monday, -my wife has decided,” Mr. Cossart -remarked to Miss Adene, all unconscious -of his wife’s warning looks. -“We brought her out for a little -holiday and amusement; and now she<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_749"></a>{749}</span> -will go back home to another uncle of -hers. Oh, yes, we shall all miss her. -She is a merry little puss. But we think -she has been here long enough. Mrs. -Barrett has kindly promised to take -care of her on the voyage home.”</p> - -<p>Ronald’s eyes had fixed themselves -upon Mr. Cossart’s face.</p> - -<p>“Are you speaking of Miss Cholmondeley? -Surely it has been arranged -rather suddenly?”</p> - -<p>“Well, we have talked of it often,” -said Mrs. Cossart interposing. “Sheila -only came out for a time, not for the -whole season. It is the chance of -sending her back with such a good -escort that has settled the matter. She -will be very happy with the Barretts. -They have made such friends, she and -the girls.”</p> - -<p>“It is strange she said nothing all -day, when we were making all sorts of -plans for the future,” said Ronald; and -both Mr. and Mrs. Cossart looked so -uncomfortable that Lady Dumaresq -changed the subject.</p> - -<p>There was no walking up and down -the corridor or verandah with Ronald -that evening, for he followed his party -direct into their private sitting-room at -the end of the ground-floor passage, -and appeared no more that night.</p> - -<p>“What does it mean?” he asked, -with a note of indignation in his voice.</p> - -<p>Miss Adene and Lady Dumaresq -exchanged glances. They had seen -perfectly through the clumsy manœuvre. -Their eyes had been observing the turn -affairs were taking for some while. -They were not altogether unprepared -for some such development.</p> - -<p>“Now, Ronald,” said Lady Dumaresq -quietly, “it is no use your putting yourself -into a fume and fret about this. It -is very evident that Mrs. Cossart is -jealous of Sheila, because she so -entirely eclipses Effie. It is not a very -surprising thing that it should be so. -We must allow for a mother’s weakness. -Perhaps you have yourself helped to -bring about the crisis by a rather too -visible admiration for the little girl. -You were not quite wise to-day, for -instance; and she is too much the child -to be on her guard; and if people do -talk——”</p> - -<p>“Let them,” answered Ronald rather -proudly. “I am not afraid of having -my name coupled with that of the girl I -intend to make my wife!”</p> - -<p>They all smiled at him. They were -all in sympathy with his bold declaration. -Lady Dumaresq held out her hand, and -Sir Guy laid an affectionate arm over -his shoulder.</p> - -<p>“So it has come to that, has it, -Ronald? Well, I am glad to hear it. -But a little patience will not hurt either -of you; and you will know better after a -separation whether she cares for you in -the way you wish.”</p> - -<p>“After a separation!” repeated -Ronald rather blankly. “But I mean -to come to an understanding before they -send her away. I may even be able to -stop it if she is my——”</p> - -<p>But Lady Dumaresq laid a gentle -hand upon his lips.</p> - -<p>“Ronald,” she said, “that would not -be wise. Indeed it would scarcely be -fair and right to her.”</p> - -<p>“What do you mean?” he questioned -quickly.</p> - -<p>“I mean that the question you have -to ask Sheila is too solemn and serious -a one to be put when she is in a mist of -bewilderment, sorrow, and indignation, -which is sure to be the case. You -would come to her then as a sort of -champion and deliverer, and she would -very likely accept you in that impulse of -gratitude, whether or no her heart be -deeply stirred. Do not win her in that -impetuous way, Ronald. It will not -hurt either of you to bear the yoke for -awhile—to learn what patience has to -teach. Her character will develop in -the school of life’s discipline, as it has -not done when all has been sunshine. -Let her go now, Ronald. Prove your -own heart first, then if you find it unchanged, -seek her out later, and win her -if you can. Believe me, it will be best -so. I do not know what has passed -between Sheila and her aunt, but whatever -it is, I would not have you seek an -interview now.”</p> - -<p>And indeed, had Ronald desired it, -it is doubtful if he could have obtained -sight of Sheila. She remained in bed -most of Sunday with a violent headache. -Miss Adene and Lady Dumaresq stole -up to see her, to whisper a few kind -words and then retire. And when -Monday came she was nothing but a -little white-faced, woe-begone creature, -so unlike the Sheila of the past weeks -that her friends would scarcely have -known her.</p> - -<p>She would not say good-bye to anybody. -She shrank from the thought of -what they might have been told as to -her sudden departure. Every nerve was -tingling with pain, and shame, and -misery.</p> - -<p>The boat was in early, and whilst the -rest of the people were at lunch, Sheila -got her uncle to take her down to the -quay and see her on board, for she felt -she would sink into the ground if -Ronald were to come out and see her, -and say good-bye before the rest of the -people.</p> - -<p>“Well, I am thankful she went off so -quietly,” said Mrs. Cossart, as they -discussed the matter together before -descending to dinner. “I was afraid -there might be a scene, but there is no -accounting for Sheila. She did not -even want to say good-bye to the -Dumaresq party, and if some of them -hadn’t come up here, she would have -gone off without even that. Girls are -the queerest, most capricious creatures! -Well, it’s all happily over; and, Effie, -you will have Sheila’s place now at table, -and nobody to interfere with you. Mr. -Dumaresq——”</p> - -<p>But Effie tossed her head rather -defiantly. She had not got much -change out of Mr. Dumaresq these last -few <i>table d’hôte</i> meals.</p> - -<p>“I don’t care for Mr. Dumaresq so -mighty much. I’m not going to put -myself out of the way for him. I don’t -think I care so particularly for fashionable -young men. I don’t mind him, -but I’m not going to put myself out of -the way just to amuse him. I think he’s -very dull sometimes. I don’t know what -you all see in him to make such a fuss!”</p> - -<p>Mrs. Cossart rather felt as though she -had taken an infinity of trouble for a -chimera of her own brain, and when she -reached the dining-room her jaw almost -dropped. She had pictured the amalgamation -which would take place between -Effie and the Dumaresqs now that -Sheila had gone; but what did she see?</p> - -<p>The whole Dumaresq party had -moved bodily to the side table, hitherto -occupied by the Barretts, who had left -to-day. Some new arrivals from the -Cape had been given the seats next to -the Cossarts—loud-voiced colonials with -rather bad manners, who talked amongst -themselves and seemed not to desire the -acquaintance of their neighbours.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Cossart sat in dismayed silence -through the meal, and when she went -into the drawing-room afterwards, she -fancied that all the people looked coldly -at her. Nobody spoke either to her or -to Effie, and they soon retired to their -own rooms.</p> - -<p>Was this a sample of what would -result from her laborious attempt to -promote her daughter’s popularity?</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowe18_75" id="i749" > - <img class="w100" src="images/i_749.jpg" alt="Decorative" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_750"></a>{750}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THINGS_IN_SEASON_IN_MARKET_AND_KITCHEN">THINGS IN SEASON, IN MARKET AND KITCHEN.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> LA MÉNAGERE.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">September</span>, the hunter’s moon, brings us such -an abundance in our markets that it is difficult -to say just what is peculiar to the month. -Undoubtedly the most prominent feature is -moor game, and now is the time when even -moderate purses may safely indulge in this. -Hares, rabbits, grouse, partridges, and wild -duck give an excellent choice, and poultry -also is prime and not dear.</p> - -<p>Fresh-water fish come in this month, and -are often most useful to country hostesses, as -well as affording sport to her guests. The -orchards are laden now with fast-ripening fruit, -and if this harvest is a fairly plentiful one we -may indeed be glad. Nuts will find an excuse -for many delightful nutting parties among the -children, and the storing of fruits and vegetables -from the garden will keep the housekeeper -busy. Damsons should be plentiful towards -the end of this month, and will want making -into jam and cheese, and we expect also to -gather blackberries—another excuse for picnicking—nor -must we leave mushrooms out of the -list. Indeed, September is the harvest-month -in many senses, for we have the wild crops -ready for garnering, as well as the cultivated -ones of garden and field.</p> - -<p>The poorest country-dweller may make a -profit now who has the wit and the energy to -seek for nature’s bounty, as these wild things -invariably meet with a ready sale in towns.</p> - -<p>Besides these we have other things provided -by a bountiful providence which we ought to -appreciate better than we do. See the glorious -colouring that the leaves of the hedgerow trees -take on; note the rushes swaying in the brook, -the berries of the mountain-ash, as well as of -the dog-rose; all these are profitable to town -florists, who will generally pay a fair price for -such things. To the home decorator all these -are very valuable—or will be in the days that -will come all too soon, when no flowers are to -be had for the table. If slightly dried and -brushed over with a very weak solution of gum -arabic, then dried again, these will keep for a -long time without losing their colour. Some -of the very prettiest table decorations ever -seen have been made with coloured leaves and -berries. For tall jars in the corners of rooms, -purple thistles, white honesty, brown bulrushes, -copper beech boughs, and scarlet ash-berries -combined, make a truly lovely show.</p> - -<p>In the garden we have dahlias and sunflowers -defying the wane that seems to make everything -else look dreary, and by and by we shall -have chrysanthemums in all their brave glory -to brighten house and greenhouse. What a -glory do these give to the last days of the -dying year.</p> - -<p>But the year is far from ending in September; -we have many things yet to enjoy, -and possibly many guests to entertain, and -always much to see to, as prudent housewives.</p> - -<p>A plentiful crop of wild mushrooms proves -a great help to us now, and we are glad to -remind ourselves of different ways of using -them. For instance, with bacon or eggs at -breakfast, <i>au gratin</i> at dinner, on toast at all -times, they are acceptable. With field mushrooms -we have need to be very careful lest we -inadvertently give ourselves some that are -poisonous and unfit for food. Dr. Badham, -author of the <i>Esculent Funguses of England</i>, -enumerates no less than forty-eight species -of edible fungi, all of which are good -to eat. According to him the majority of -fungi are harmless, but his account of the -effects of the poisonous minority is enough to -alarm the most trustful.</p> - -<p>The easiest way to detect whether fungi are -wholesome or not is to insert a silver spoon -into the stew in which they are present, and if -poisonous it will quickly turn black; a peeled -onion will also turn blue or bluish-black, and -is an even easier test. If either of these on -being withdrawn shows their own natural -colour, the mushrooms may be regarded as -harmless.</p> - -<p>Mushroom ketchup is regarded by all housewives -as one of the treasures of the store-cupboard, -and that which is home-made is -generally better than any that can be bought.</p> - -<p>It is best when made of the large flap -mushrooms, fresh, but fully ripe. They must -be gathered during very dry weather, if the -ketchup is to keep properly. Do not wash or -peel them but wipe them clean, and remove all -decayed pieces and part of the stalks. Put -them into a gallon stone jar, and strew salt -liberally over them. Let them remain a night, -and the next day stir them up, and repeat this -for two or three days. At the end of the -third day put the jar into the oven and let -them stew a short time, then gently pour off -the liquid, but do not squeeze them at all. -To every quart put an ounce of Jamaica and -black peppercorns, two or three pieces of rase -ginger, and a blade of mace. Boil again for -perhaps half an hour, let it stand aside until -cold, then put into dry bottles, and cork it up -tightly. It is well to use small bottles, so -that when one has been opened it may be used -up before it has time to lose its virtues.</p> - - -<h3>MENU FOR SEPTEMBER.</h3> - - -<ul class="center"><li>Rabbit Pie.</li> -<li>Cold Roast Goose.</li> -<li>Salmi of Partridges (hot).</li> -<li>Fillets of Beef with Mushrooms (also hot).</li> -<li>Cold Pressed Beef.</li> -<li>Potato, Beetroot, Tomato and Endive Salads.</li> -<li>Hot Potatoes.</li> -<li>Quince Jelly. Damson Cheese.</li> -<li>Apple and Blackberry Tart. Cream.</li> -<li>Cheddar and Gorgonzola Cheese.</li> -<li>Oatcake and Butter.</li> -</ul> - -<p>Our menu this month might be one suited -for a luncheon party, where the chief dishes -would be required cold, with two or three hot -ones as a set-off, and all others placed on the -table at the same time. Luncheon parties are -generally very common during this month in -the country, and the guests who come to -partake of them are not noted for their small -appetites.</p> - -<p><i>Salmi of Partridges.</i>—Put the birds into the -oven as for roasting, and partially cook them. -When about half done cut them into neat -pieces, and remove the skin and sinews, and -place them in a clean saucepan. In another -pan put a quarter of a pound of uncooked ham -minced finely, with a good piece of butter; -add a dozen small mushrooms, three or four -minced shallots, a grated carrot, a spoonful of -chopped parsley, a few sprigs of savoury herbs -and some pepper and salt. Cover closely and -let them cook on the top of the stove, shaking -the pan to prevent burning; when cooked -dredge a little flour over them, let it brown a -little, and pour in about a pint of good brown -stock. Add also a glassful of sherry. Stir -until the gravy has thickened nicely, then put -in the pieces of the birds, and let them slowly -simmer, but not boil, for at least half an hour. -Dish the game in a pile on a hot dish, strain -the sauce, and see that it is well seasoned and -of a nice brown colour, then pour over all. -Garnish with fried sippets of bread.</p> - -<p><i>Fillets of Beef with Mushrooms.</i>—These -should be cut from the undercut or fillet of -beef, and be neatly shaped. Fry them quickly -on both sides, but only enough to slightly -brown them, then place in a stewpan and -cover with peeled mushrooms, one or two -shallots, some pepper and a glassful of red -wine with also a small lump of butter. Stew -these for quite an hour in a rather slow oven, -then lift out the meat and the mushrooms, and -thicken the gravy with fécule, also add salt -and a tablespoonful of sharp sauce, then pour -boiling hot over the dish.</p> - -<p><i>Quince Jelly</i> and <i>Damson Cheese</i> are both -preserves that should be found in readiness in -the store cupboard. For the first, take a -quart of quince juice obtained by boiling the -fruit with a very little water and then straining -it through a bag; add a pound of lump sugar -to every quart, and then an ounce of gum -arabic previously soaked in water. Boil well -for quite half an hour, then put into moulds.</p> - -<p><i>Damson Cheese.</i>—Put several pounds of -freshly-gathered damsons into a stone jar with -a very little water. Stand this on the top of -the stove to stew gently for some hours, or -until the fruit is perfectly soft. While still -warm turn out the damsons into a wide-meshed -sieve or colander, rub until nothing but skins -and stones are left. Put half a pound of loaf -sugar to every pound of pulp, and boil together -into a stiff paste. Some of the stones should -be cracked and the kernels taken out, as these -give a very pleasant flavour to the cheese. -Put into shallow dishes or moulds, and cover -with brandied papers. This cheese is usually -cut into fancy shapes and put into glass dishes -to serve at dessert.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="ANSWERS_TO_CORRESPONDENTS">ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h2> -</div> - - -<h3>STUDY AND STUDIO.</h3> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Irene Foy</span>, 32, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road, -wishes to sell “<span class="smcap">Onyx</span>” a Greek grammar, written -by <span class="smcap">Irene’s</span> father in English and Greek. Will -“<span class="smcap">Onyx</span>” please write?</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Lem.</span>—You will find the poem from which you quote -an extract in <i>Ezekiel and Other Poems</i>, by B. M. -(Nelson and Sons). It is there entitled “The Sea -of Sorrow.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Constance.</span>—1. “Auf Wiedersehn,” means “till we -meet again,” like the French “Au revoir.”—2. We -always recommend Dr. Lemmi’s Italian Grammar, -published at 5s. by Messrs. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh; -and Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall & Co., -London. It is quite simple enough to be studied -alone.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Soror.</span>—We are sorry you have had to wait so long -for a reply, but owing to the time at which we go -to press, we cannot promise an answer speedily.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Nurse Petra.</span>—<i>The Jugend-Gartenlaube</i>, 5s. a -year, might suit you; but we advise you to write -for a full list of German periodicals to Hachette -& Co., 18, King William Street, Charing Cross, -London.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">F. E. Bartram.</span>—Books on entomology appear rather -costly; but you might begin with <i>British Butterflies, -Moths and Beetles</i>, by W. F. Kirby, published at -1s.; or Sir John Lubbock’s <i>Origin and Metamorphoses -of Insects</i>, 3s. 6d. Order at any bookseller’s.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_751"></a>{751}</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Nydia.</span>—It is not wonderful that a “first attempt,” -especially as you have “never learnt how to set -down music,” and are only sixteen, should be full -of mistakes, too many to specify. It is absolutely -impossible for you to hope to succeed without -seriously studying the rules of harmony. At the -same time we should judge from your pleasant and -modest letter that such study would be by no means -thrown away.</p> - -<p>A correspondent directs our attention to the fact that -“foolscap,” concerning which a question was lately -answered in “Study and Studio,” is a corruption -of the Italian <i>foglio-capo</i>, a folio-sized sheet. The -error is an ancient one, for from the thirteenth to -the seventeenth century the water mark of this -size paper was a fool’s head with cap and bells.</p> - -<p>B. E. M.—1. We are constantly mentioning Reading -Societies in this column. Try the National Home -Reading Union, Surrey House, Victoria Embankment, -London, or write to Mrs. Walker, Litlington -Rectory, Berwick, Sussex.—2. Do not try or wish -to “become pale.” Sufficient exercise, and strict -attention to clothing and diet, are the best cure for -a faulty circulation.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A Lincolnshire Girl.</span>—1. The lines you quote,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Howe’er it be, it seems to me</div> - <div class="verse indent2">’Tis only noble to be good,”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">are certainly by Tennyson, from the poem “Lady -Clara Vere de Vere.”—2. The allusion,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Her who clasped in her last trance</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Her murdered father’s head,”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">is to Margaret Roper, the daughter of Sir Thomas -More. This devoted daughter obtained possession -of her father’s head after his execution, kept it in -a leaden casket, and left directions that it should -be buried with her. For the whole story, see <span class="smcap">The -Girl’s Own Paper</span> for February, 1898, where we -answered the question at length.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Bluebottle.</span>—The reference you quote is probably -Professor E. Curtius, a distinguished German -authority on etymology.</p> - -<p>A. N. D.—1. The lines (which you misquote) are as -follows—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Oh, wad some power the giftie gie us</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To see oursel’s as others see us!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">It wad frae monie a blunder free us</div> - <div class="verse indent4">And foolish notion.”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">They are by Robert Burns, and you will find them -in any edition of his poems.—2. Write to the office of -<span class="smcap">The Boy’s Own Paper</span>, in which magazine “The -Bishop and the Caterpiller” first appeared.</p></div> - - -<h3>INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Florence</span> is very sorry, but circumstances have -occurred which unfortunately prevent her from -opening a correspondence with a little girl reader -of the “G. O. P.” as she wished. Among the -many readers of our paper, perhaps someone else -will kindly volunteer.</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Madge</span>,” who lives in the country, and works with -her hands, would very much like to correspond -with “<span class="smcap">Nellie</span>,” so would <span class="smcap">Robina J. Gibson</span>, -Ferneycleuch, Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire (a farmer’s -daughter), and B. E. M., The Rectory, -Barnow, Co. Wexford.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">M. D. Lewis</span>, Sabia, near Smyrna, Asia Minor, would -be very glad to write to any of our readers who -would like to hear a little about the remote and -uncivilised region where she lives, and the curious -superstitions and customs that prevail. She adds, -“If any of your readers wish to correspond with me -in Greek, I shall be very much pleased.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Miss Frances White</span>, Yaverland Manor, Brading, -Isle of Wight, would be pleased to exchange stamps -with girls living abroad; she would send twenty -British stamps in exchange for the same number of -the nationality of her correspondent.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Maud M. Baughan</span>, Vernon Villa, James Street, -Oxford, would like to correspond in English with -<span class="smcap">Miss Ruby Tizarel</span> and <span class="smcap">Miss Nelly Pollak</span>. -As <span class="smcap">Miss Baughan</span> is a teacher, she would also like -to correspond with any teachers across the sea.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Miss R. M. Cooke</span>, Oxford Villa, Gordon Road, -Southend-on-Sea, wishes to correspond with some -girls of her own age (20) living abroad. She is an -enthusiastic collector of view post-cards, and would -like to exchange English cards for those of other -countries.</p> - -<p>Will <span class="smcap">O Mimosa San</span> exchange illustrated post-cards -with <span class="smcap">Madame Gaston Cantin</span>, Rue de Saujon, -La Tremblade, Charente Inférieure, France, whom -we thank for her pleasant words, describing the -delight of her correspondence with an English reader -of the “G. O. P.”</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Bertram</span>,” a girl fond of out-door exercise, would -like to correspond with a French girl about sixteen -years of age.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Miss Sofie Abelsberg</span>, Budapesth, Hungary (11, -Nagy János Street), wishes for a well-educated -English or American girl correspondent of her own -age (18) who would write in German or English, -Miss Abelsberg in English.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Florida</span> would like to correspond with a Spanish, -Dutch, Norwegian, Swedish or Russian girl of good -family about 20 years of age. She would help them -in English if they would help her in their languages. -Will any girls of these nationalities send addresses -here?</p></div> - - -<h3>GIRLS’ EMPLOYMENTS.</h3> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p><span class="smcap">A Farmer’s Daughter</span> (<i>Choice of Employment</i>).—Are -there not rather many kinds of work which you -dislike? You “would not think of entering into -domestic service at all.” You “would not care for -shop business either.” You think, however, that -you might like to act as a clerk, or a lady’s companion. -Now, we are obliged to tell you that -companions are very little wanted, and that clerks, -if they are to receive moderately good salaries, -must be well educated. You tell us, however, that -your parents would not be disposed to spend anything -further on your education or training. This -makes the position somewhat difficult. It compels -you to regard home as your school. But there are -many useful things that a girl can learn on a farm. -You might learn dairy-work thoroughly and earn -something by the sale of butter. Later, if you could -master the newest methods, from studying the -appliances used by your most successful farming -friends, you could seek a position as superintendent -of some gentleman’s private dairy. People who can -make butter and cheese well never go a-begging. -Then you should also study the best and most -remunerative methods of rearing poultry and of -marketing eggs. Something, even, might be earned -from your garden, if you have one, and the soil is -favourable for bulbs—as in many parts of Ireland it -is. The secret of comfort in farmers’ households is -for the family to remain together, and for each -member—father and mother, sons and daughters, -to contribute their share of work. But where -families break up, the trouble comes, for each -person then wants a separate house, and consequently -larger earnings.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Twentieth Volume</span> (<i>Art Teachership</i>).—Your -friends have unfortunately been only too well -acquainted with the facts, when they told you that -it would be extremely difficult to obtain a situation -as teacher of art in a school. Drawing is taught -in a good many girls’ schools, but by no means in -all. The head-mistresses of many High Schools are -disposed to give most of the time allowed to general -English subjects and languages, which count in -examinations, and to leave girls of artistic tastes -to study drawing later at a regular school of art. -Evidently you draw well, or you could not have -obtained so much success in the South Kensington -examinations. But the question arises, can you -not earn something by your own drawings? Could -you not draw illustrations for stories, or make -designs for some commercial or advertising purpose? -In all directions of this kind there is much work to -be done and money to be earned. Or have you -thought of trying some handicraft such as lace-making, -silk-weaving, or cane basket-making? -Perhaps, as you live in the Midlands, you could -some day visit the Birmingham Municipal School -of Arts and Crafts and observe the many kinds of -beautiful work done by girls there. Such a visit -might give you useful ideas. In chromo-lithography, -too, there is constantly a demand for good -designs. There are some large chromo-lithographic -firms in Birmingham. The other matter you speak -of is not one in which we can help directly, but -you might make the cottage known to the railway -authorities so that they could include it in the lists -of country lodgings which they publish.</p> - -<p>F. W. G. (<i>Hospital Nurse</i>).—You would not be -required to know much arithmetic in order to be -admitted to a hospital; but at the same time you -ought to know something of the subject, otherwise -your notions of the portions of drugs to administer, -and other such matters in which an accurate mind -is essential, will be very hazy. During the period -which must yet elapse before your admission you -had better be trying to improve your arithmetic. -Your writing, about which you ask our opinion, is -sufficiently legible and clear, but it would be improved -with practice. There is a slight disposition -to make the letters slope too much.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Independence</span> (<i>Nurse-Companion, etc.</i>).—A nurse-companion -is usually expected to have been trained -at a hospital. The training need not have been -sufficient to qualify a woman for regular hospital -employment, but it ought to have covered a period -of six months at all events. You do not mention -that you have been in any hospital, and we therefore -think you had better give up the idea of -becoming a nurse-companion. Perhaps, as music -appears to be your best accomplishment, you would -do most wisely to seek employment as nursery -governess. Your general education we judge by -your letter to be fairly good. But try to improve -yourself by every means within your power, as you -cannot long remain a nursery governess; and you -must either advance so as to become a fully qualified -governess, when you are older, or devote your -attention to the practical duties of looking after -young children. In the latter case you would, of -course, term yourself a children’s nurse. It is -possible that you might be well advised to advertise -yourself as a children’s nurse from the first, seeking -a subordinate position to begin with, in order to -gain experience. Your handwriting is satisfactory.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A Clydesdale Lassie</span> (<i>Hospital Nursing</i>).—Paying -probationers are received commonly for a period of -three months at a time, for which thirteen guineas -is paid in advance. You could not enter a general -hospital on these terms just at present. Twenty-two -is customarily the lowest age for admission.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Wee Wifie</span> (<i>Fancy Work</i>).—It is almost impossible -to obtain a sale for fancy articles which are only -made at home and in small quantities. Little -novelties which can be produced cheaply and in -large numbers may often be sold direct to wholesale -and retail dealers in bazaar and fancy articles. We -should recommend a lady who must live at home -either to do work on these lines and treat her home -as a small manufactory, or else devote her time to -the making of fine underclothing, which she could -sell to the drapers and outfitters. Shops where -embroidery is sold usually keep their own workers -on the premises, for the simple reason that orders -have to be executed promptly and in exact obedience -to the demand of the moment. It is not possible -for work of this kind to be sent to workers who can -only be reached by correspondence.</p></div> - - -<h3>MISCELLANEOUS.</h3> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Fruit Farmer.</span>—No, strawberries are not indigenous -to England, according to Haydn, in his -<i>Dictionary of Dates</i>, where he says that they were -brought to this country from Flanders in 1530. -Against this date, we refer to Shakespeare’s -<i>Richard III.</i>, in which we find them spoken of as -growing in the Bishop of Ely’s garden in Holborn, -which shows it was cultivated as early as the latter -part of the fifteenth century. A hundred years -subsequently four kinds of this fruit were cultivated -in the garden of a barber-surgeon, Gerard by name, -also in Holborn.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Deaf.</span>—Had you not better consult some missionary, -or the friend whom you have out in China, so as to -find out what the children in China may be likely -to want? Have you seen the small scrap-books -made of old post-cards, or of cards the same size, -and tied together at the side, so as to form a small -long book? Pictures are pasted on the back and -front of each card. Perhaps you could make these; -but we think you will do well to inquire about it.</p> - -<p>W. M. B. D., <span class="smcap">Heather</span>, <span class="smcap">Lauria</span>, etc.—We have -seen several copies of this snow-ball letter from New -South Wales. The addresses in each are rather -different, and we, like you, cannot imagine what -the philanthropist wants with so many stamps, nor -do we understand why the Government should give -an endorsement. We should let it alone, and return -the letters. The address seems insufficient, and we -have failed to find any one of the places mentioned -in the most recent Gazetteer. These philanthropic -people who require a million of stamps are often -difficult to find; and they might as well give the -money at once.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">C. Brown.</span>—To fix prints upon wood, and remove -the paper, care must be taken that the surface of -the latter be perfectly smooth. Then moisten a -piece of thick drawing-paper, and apply a layer of -thin glue on its surface; leave it to dry; give it -two or three more coats, leaving each to dry separately. -Coat the paper then with several layers of -spirit varnish, and prepare the wood in the same -way; and then apply the print. We should have -said that the wood must be previously prepared by -a slight coat of glue, and when dry, rubbed with -glass-paper, and a white alcoholic varnish applied. -When dry, about five or six more coats of the same -will be required. Cut the edge of the print closely -round, lay it on a table face downwards, and -moisten the back with a wet sponge, and then place -between two leaves of blotting-paper. Apply -another coat of varnish to the wood, and, before it is -dry, lay the face of the print down upon it, wiping -the back in such a way as to drive out the air so as -to form no blisters. Lay a sheet of dry paper upon -it, and pass a soft linen cloth over it to press it -firmly down. Then leave it to dry, and when -thoroughly so, moisten it with a sponge, and roll off -the paper with your fingers. Great care must be -taken in this process not to remove any part of the -paper upon which the impression is taken. After -this rubbing it must be left to dry. When dry, one -more coat of varnish must be given over the delicate -film of paper left, and it will be left perfectly transparent. -When quite dry, polish with Dutch rushes, -steeped for three or four days in olive oil, which -latter must be removed with a fine linen cloth, and -then sprinkle with starch or hair-powder. Rub -this off with the hand, and apply three or four more -coats of varnish, leaving each to dry as before, and -in three or four days polish with a fine woollen -cloth with whiting of the finest kind.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mercy B.</span>—The names of the hospitals for which you -ask are as follows:—Newcastle Hospital, Hull -Royal Infirmary, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds -Fever Hospital, and Lincoln County Hospital. -For the last-named, over four hundred applications -are refused yearly, and about fourteen are accepted. -Address the matron in all cases. We could not -give any idea of the time you would have to wait, -of course.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Unhappy Maude.</span>—We think you will be really unhappy -if you do not take your father’s and brother’s -advice, and give up a foolish attachment. Do you -think that any man who drinks could love you -dearly and devotedly? Would he not love drink -far better? Gather all your strength together and -go away for a change, and try to turn your thoughts -to some other subject. If you managed to break -off with your lover once, you can do so again, and -at twenty-one you will soon forget.</p></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_752"></a>{752}</span></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="figcenter illowe37_5" id="i752a" > - <img class="w100" src="images/i_752a.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p class="center">THE LAUNDRY, BATTERSEA POLYTECHNIC.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowe37_5" id="i752b" > - <img class="w100" src="images/i_752b.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p class="center">THE COOKERY SCHOOL, POLYTECHNIC. STUDENTS AT WORK.</p></div> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>[Transcriber’s Note—the following changes have been made to this text.</p> - -<p>Page 750: flower to flour—“dredge a little flour”.]</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX, No. -1025, August 19, 1899, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GIRL' OWN PAPER *** - -***** This file should be named 62826-h.htm or 62826-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/8/2/62826/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Pamela Patten and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - - -</pre> - -</body> -</html> diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 9f8d687..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/header.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/header.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7890287..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/header.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_737.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_737.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index de43ff0..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_737.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_738.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_738.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 77a8d5d..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_738.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_739.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_739.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 643569e..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_739.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_742.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_742.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 39fb50c..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_742.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_743.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_743.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 1327d77..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_743.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_744.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_744.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 366f4fd..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_744.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_745.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_745.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index d1efc86..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_745.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_747.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_747.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 3bd20a0..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_747.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_749.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_749.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 83ae87e..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_749.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_752a.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_752a.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 696ebc8..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_752a.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62826-h/images/i_752b.jpg b/old/62826-h/images/i_752b.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 6810ca7..0000000 --- a/old/62826-h/images/i_752b.jpg +++ /dev/null |
