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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #63579 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63579)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs.
-Nancy Prince, by Nancy Gardner Prince
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this ebook.
-
-Title: A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs. Nancy Prince
-
-Author: Nancy Gardner Prince
-
-Release Date: October 30, 2020 [EBook #63579]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-Produced by: Mary Glenn Krause, Martin Pettit and the Online
- Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
- file was produced from images generously made available by The
- Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE AND
-TRAVELS OF MRS. NANCY PRINCE ***
-
-+-------------------------------------------------+
-|Transcriber's note: |
-| |
-|Obvious typographic errors have been corrected. |
-| |
-+-------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-A
-
-NARRATIVE
-
-OF THE
-
-LIFE AND TRAVELS,
-
-OF
-
-MRS. NANCY PRINCE.
-
-
-BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 1850.
-
-
-
-
-Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1850,
-BY NANCY PRINCE,
-In the Clerk's office of the District court of Massachusetts.
-
-
-
-
-CONTENTS.
-
-
-A Sketch of the Early Life of Nancy Prince, 5
-
-Marriage and Voyage to Russia, 14
-
-Mr. Prince, 16
-
-Manners and Customs of the Russians, 18
-
-The Events that took Place During Nine Years
- residence in St. Petersburg, 20
-
-Her Voyage Home, 34
-
-Her Voyage and Business to the West Indies, 38
-
-Her Errand Home, and Success, 49
-
-Her Return Back, and State of things at that Time, 51
-
-Description of the Country, 58
-
-Embarkment again Home, and Deception of the Captain, 68
-
-Cast away at Key West, 69
-
-Arrival at New Orleans,--Scenes witnessed while there, 70
-
-Departure from New Orleans, and arrival at New York, 74
-
-
-
-
-NARRATIVE.
-
-
-As my unprofitable life has been spared, and I have been, by the
-providence of God, wonderfully preserved, it is with gratitude to my
-Heavenly Father, and duty to myself, that I attempt to give to the
-public a short narrative of my life and travels.
-
-I was born in Newburyport, in 1799. My mother was the daughter of
-Tobias Wornton, who was stolen from Africa, when a lad, and was a
-slave of Capt. Winthrop Sargent; and, although a slave, he fought for
-liberty, and was in the Revolutionary army at the battle of Bunker
-Hill. My grandmother was an Indian. My father, Thomas Gardener, was
-born on Nantucket; his parents were of African descent, and he died
-of bleeding at the lungs, leaving my mother a widow the second time,
-with an infant in her arms. She then returned to Gloucester, her native
-place. My mother soon married again her third husband, by whom she
-had six children. My step-father was stolen from Africa, and while
-the vessel was at anchor in one of the Eastern ports, he succeeded
-in making his escape from his captors by swimming ashore. After a
-lapse of two years he came to Gloucester, and followed the sea, and
-was twelve years with Capt. Elias Davis, in the employ of Capt. Fitz
-W. Sargent. During the war he was taken by a British Privateer, and
-pressed into their service. He was sick with the dropsy a long while,
-and died in 1813. My mother was again left a widow, with an infant
-six weeks old. When she heard of her husband's death, she replied, "I
-thought it; what shall I do with these children?" Her grief, poverty,
-and responsibilities, were too much for her; she never was the mother
-that she had been before. I was at this time in Capt. Sargent's family.
-I shall never forget the feelings I experienced on hearing of the
-decease of my father-in-law; he was never very kind to the first set
-of children. But by industry, a humble home was provided for my mother
-and younger children. Death had twice visited our family within three
-months, my father having buried my grandfather before he sailed. I
-thought I would go home a little while, and try to comfort my mother.
-The three oldest children were put into families. My brother and myself
-went out of town, in one family, where we staid until the war was
-over. We often went home with our wages, and all the comforts we could
-get; but we could not approach our mother as we wished. God in mercy
-took one little brother of seven years, who had pined in consumption;
-thus our family was scattered. I determined to get more for my labor,
-and I left Essex and went to Salem, in 1814, to service in a family.
-I had always enjoyed the happy privilege of religious instruction. My
-dear grandfather was a member of a Congregational Church, and a good
-man; he always attended church in the morning, and took us with him;
-and in the afternoon he took care of the smaller children, while my
-mother attended with her little group. He thought it wrong for us to
-go to a school where the teacher was not devoted to God, for I early
-knew the difference between right and wrong. They had family prayers
-morning and evening. I often looked at them, and thought to myself,
-"Is this your religion?" I did not wonder that the girl who had lived
-there previous to myself, went home to die. There were seven in the
-family; two of them being sick, one with a fever and the other in a
-consumption, of course the work must have been very severe, especially
-the washing. Sabbath evening I had to prepare for the wash. I was
-then but fourteen years of age, and a stranger. I was called up at
-two o'clock in the morning, and what embittered my heavy task, I was
-not spoken kindly to, but was blamed for being slow, and for not
-performing my work well. Hard labor and unkindness were too much for
-me, and in three months my health and strength were gone. I went home
-to Gloucester in their chaise. I found my mother in poor health, but
-through the mercy of God, and the attention and skill of Dr. Dale, and
-the kindness of friends, I was restored, so that in a few months I
-was able again to go to work, although my side afflicted me, which I
-attributed to over-working myself.
-
-In 1815 I returned to Salem, accompanied by my eldest sister, and
-obtained good places. She afterwards returned to Boston as a nursery
-girl, where she lived a few months, and was deluded away on February
-7th of 1815. A friend came to Salem and informed me of it. Her death
-would not have been so painful to me. We loved each other very much,
-and more particularly as our step-father was not very kind to us; we
-used to say as soon as we were large enough we would go away, as we
-did. It was very cold, but notwithstanding, I was so distressed about
-my sister, that I started on foot the next morning after I heard
-of it. At Lynn Hotel we refreshed ourselves, and all seemed much
-interested about me. Two women took me aside, and inquired how it was
-I was with that woman. I told my reason. My companion had a little
-son of hers in her arms. By the time we were seven miles from Salem,
-cold and fatigued, I could walk no farther, and we hired a horse and
-sleigh, and a man to drive us to Boston, where we arrived at seven
-in the evening. I put up with a friend of mine, who lived in Bedford
-street, who received me very kindly. My feet, hands, and ears, were all
-frost-bitten. I needed all the hospitality that was extended to me. I
-was young and inexperienced, but my object was hallowed. God chooses
-in his wisdom the weak things of earth; without his aid how could I
-ever have rescued my lost sister! Mr. Brown, when he learned my errand,
-kindly offered to assist me. He found where my sister resided, and
-taking with him a large cane, he accompanied me to the house. My sister
-I found seated, with a number of others, round a fire, the mother of
-harlots at the head. My sister did not see me until I clasped her
-round the neck. The old woman flew at me, and bid me take my hands off
-of her. Mr. Brown defended me with his cane from her attacks. There
-were many men as well as girls there, and all was confusion. When my
-sister came to herself, she looked upon me. I said, "Sylvia, my dear
-sister, what are you here for? Will you go with me?" The enraged old
-woman cried out, "No, she cannot go." Sylvia replied, "I will go." Then
-followed a scene. The old woman seized her to drag her down into the
-kitchen; I held on to her, while Mr. Brown, at my side, so used his
-great cane, and so threatened her, that she was obliged to let her go;
-and, after collecting her things, she left the house with Mr. Brown and
-myself.
-
-The next day we started for Salem, and went to the stage-office;
-we expected Mr. Low, the driver of the Gloucester stage, who knew
-us as his towns-people, would let us take passage with him without
-any difficulty; but he refused, unless we would ride upon the top.
-It was very cold, and we had never rode in that way; his inhumanity
-grieves me even now. I had sent my mother my wages the week before,
-and what money I had, I had taken in advance of my employers. We were
-greatly embarrassed, when a colored man, unknown to us, penetrated
-our difficulties, and asked us if we had two dollars; we told him we
-had; he very kindly took us to another stage-office, and we bargained
-for a horse and sleigh to take us to Salem, where we arrived safely
-in about two hours and a half; and we gave up our conveyance to the
-same owners, with ten thousand thanks to our colored friend, and to
-our Heavenly Father; for had we attempted to walk, we must have frozen
-by the way. The lady I lived with (Mrs. John Deland,) received us very
-kindly, and permitted my sister to remain with me awhile; then she
-returned to Gloucester, to the family who brought her up, and I thought
-we had gained a great victory.
-
-My brother George and myself were very desirous of making our mother
-comfortable; he went to sea for that purpose. The next April I came
-to Boston, to get a higher price for my labor, for we had agreed to
-maintain our mother, and we hoped she would take our little brother,
-who was supported by the town, and take care of him. George came home,
-and sailed again in the same vessel, leaving her a drawbill of half
-of his wages. My sister returned to Boston to find me, and wished to
-procure a place to work out. She tried me much. I thought it a needy
-time, for I had not yielded my heart to the will of God, though I had
-many impressions, and formed many resolutions; but the situation that I
-had been placed in, having left my mother's home at the age of eight,
-had not permitted me to do as I wished, though the kind counsels of my
-dear grandfather and pious teachers followed me wherever I went. Care
-after care oppressed me; my mother wandered about like a Jew; the young
-children who were in families were dissatisfied; all hope but in God
-was lost. I then resolved in my mind to seek an interest in my Saviour,
-and put my trust in him. For that purpose I changed my place for one
-more retired, got my sister with me, and then God blessed my soul;
-being justified by faith, I found peace with God, even the forgiveness
-of sins, through Jesus Christ. After living sixteen years and five
-months without any hope, myself and seven others were baptized, in
-obedience to the great command.
-
-My brother George returned home, and we again provided a home for
-mother and the little ones; he went to sea, and affairs now seemed
-to promise comfort and respectability. But mother chose to marry
-again; this was like death to us all. George returned home, but was so
-disappointed, that he shipped again to come no more. Although a boy of
-sixteen years, he was as steady and capable as most men at twenty. My
-cares were consequently increased, having no one to share them with me.
-My next brother, who lived in S. Essex, came to Salem to his mother,
-but was driven away by her husband, and came to me. I carried him to
-Gloucester, and left him in the hands of the town; but he stayed but
-three weeks, and returned to me again. I then boarded him for one
-dollar a week, until I could procure suitable employment.
-
-When winter came, poor mother's health was declining; little Samuel
-could do but little; my father-in-law was very cross, for he expected
-to be supported by my brother George. I could not see my mother suffer;
-I therefore left my place and went to Salem, to watch over her and
-Samuel, and lived with the Rev. Dr. Boles's family. In the spring I
-returned to Boston, and took my brother with me. Soon after, my sister
-Lucy left her place and went to her mother, but was not permitted to
-stay. My mother wrote to me, requesting me to take care of her. I
-then determined in my mind to bring her to Boston, and, if possible,
-procure a place for her; and on her arrival, I obtained board for her
-and Samuel at a friend's, for one dollar a week. My brother John, that
-I had boarded, at last got a place where he had wages; soon the Lord
-opened a way for little Samuel. Dr. Phelps took him to bring up, so
-that I was left with one only to sustain. Soon my hopes were blasted.
-John left his place, and was several months on my hands again; finally,
-he made up his mind to go to sea. I was so thankful that he had
-concluded to do something, that I took two month's wages in advance to
-fit him out for Liverpool. In five months he returned, without a single
-thing but what he stood in; his wages were small, not enough to render
-him comfortable; had not a friend given him a home, he would have been
-again dependent on my exertions. Another friend took Lucy, with whom
-she staid eleven months; she continued in different families for some
-time, till she was about twelve. I left her at the Rev. Mr. Mann's
-family, at Westminster, for a certain time, thinking it would be best
-for her, and John I left to fight his own battles. My sister Sylvia was
-one of my greatest trials. Knowing she was in Boston, my mother, in one
-of her spells of insanity, got away from her home, and travelled here
-after her. She came where I lived. My employers were very kind to her.
-After tarrying a few days with me, I hired a horse and chaise, and took
-them both back to Salem; and returned back to my place in 1822, with a
-determination to do something for myself. I left my place after three
-months, and went to learn a trade; and, after seven years of anxiety
-and toil, I made up my mind to leave this country.
-
-September 1st, 1823, Mr. Prince arrived from Russia; February 15th, I
-was married; April 14th, embarked in brig Romulus, arrived at Elsinore
-May 24th, left the same day for Copenhagen, where we remained twelve
-days. We visited the King's Palace, and several other extensive and
-beautiful buildings. We attended a number of entertainments among the
-Danes and English, which were religiously observed; their manners
-and customs are similar; they are very attentive to strangers; the
-Sabbath is strictly observed; the principal religion is the Lutheran
-and Calvinistic, but all persuasions are tolerated. The languages of
-that people are Dutch, French, English, &c. The Danes are very modest
-and kind, but, like all other nations, they well know how to take the
-advantage. I left there the 7th of June, and arrived at Cronstradt on
-the 19th; left there the 21st for St. Petersburg, and in a few hours
-were happy to find ourselves at our place of destination, through
-the blessing of God, in good health, and soon made welcome from all
-quarters. We took lodgings with a Mrs. Robinson, a native of our
-country, who was Patience Mott, of Providence, who left there in the
-year 1813, in the family of Alexander Gabriel, the man who was taken
-for Mr. Prince. There I spent six weeks very pleasantly, visiting and
-receiving friends, after the manner of the country. We then commenced
-housekeeping. While there I attended two of their parties; there were
-various amusements in which I did not participate, which caused them
-much disappointment. I told them my religion did not allow of dancing
-or dice playing, which formed part of the amusements. As they were very
-strict in their religion, they indulged me in the same privilege. By
-the help of God I was ever enabled to maintain my stand.
-
-Mr. Prince was born in Marlborough, and lived in families in this
-city. In 1810 he went to Gloucester, and sailed with Captain Theodore
-Stanwood for Russia; he returned with him, and remained in his family,
-and at this time visited my mother's family. He again sailed with
-him, in 1812, for the last time. Captain Stanwood took with him his
-son Theodore, for the purpose of attending school in the city of St.
-Petersburg. Mr. Prince went to serve Princess Purtossozof, one of the
-noble ladies of Court. It is well known that the color of one's skin
-does not prohibit from any place or station that he or she may be
-capable of occupying.
-
-The Palace, where the Emperor resides, is called the Court, the seat
-of government. This magnificent building is adorned with all the
-ornaments that possibly can be explained; there are hundreds of people
-that inhabit it, besides the soldiers that guard. There are several
-of these splendid edifices in the city and vicinity. The one that I
-was presented in, was in a village, three miles from the city. After
-leaving the carriage, we entered the first ward; the usual salutation
-by guards was performed. As we passed through the beautiful hall, a
-door was opened by two colored men, in official dress, and there stood
-the Emperor Alexander on his throne, in royal apparel. The throne is
-circular, elevated two steps from the floor, and covered with scarlet
-velvet tasseled with gold. As I entered, the Emperor stepped forward
-with great politeness and condescension, and welcomed and asked me
-several questions; he then accompanied us to the Empress Elizabeth;
-she stood in her dignity, and received me in the same manner. They
-presented me with a gold watch, and fifty dollars in gold.
-
-The number of colored men that filled this station was twenty; when one
-dies, the number is immediately made up. Mr. Prince filled the place
-of one that had died. They serve in turns, four at a time, except on
-some great occasions, when all are employed. Provision is made for the
-families within or without the Palace. Those without go to Court at 8
-o'clock in the morning; after breakfasting, they take their station in
-the halls, for the purpose of opening the doors, at signal given, when
-the Emperor and Empress pass.
-
-First of August we visited the burying-ground, where the people meet,
-as they say, to pay respect to their dead. It is a great holiday; they
-drink and feast on the grave stones, or as near the grave as they
-can come; some groan and pray, and some have music and dancing. At a
-funeral no one attends except the invited; after the friends arrive,
-a dish of rice boiled hard, with raisins, is handed round; all are
-to take a spoonful, with the same spoon, and out of the same dish;
-in the meanwhile the priest, with his clerk, performs the ceremony,
-perfuming the room with incense. The lid is not put on to the coffin,
-the corpse being laid out in his or her best dress. The torch-men (who
-are dressed in black garments, made to slope down to their feet, with
-broad brimmed hats that cover their shoulders,) form a procession,
-with lighted torches in their hands, bowing their heads as they pass
-along very gravely; then comes one more, with the lid on his head; then
-the hearse with the corpse, drawn by four horses, covered with black
-gowns down to their feet; they all move along with great solemnity.
-Before entering the grave-yard, the procession goes to an adjoining
-church, where there are many ladies, placed on benches, side by side,
-according to their ages; the ladies dressed as if they were going to
-a ball-room, displaying a most dreadful appearance. Each one has her
-hands crossed, and holding in one of them a pass to give to Peter, that
-they may enter into Heaven. At this place they light their candles, and
-receive their rice in the manner before mentioned. The top is then put
-on to the coffin, and the procession forms and repairs to the grave;
-the priest sanctifies the grave, then casts in dust, and the coffin is
-consigned to its narrow-house; then commence the yells; they drink, eat
-cake, black bread, and finish their rice, when the party return back
-to dinner, where every thing has been prepared during their absence.
-This is the Greek mode of burying their dead. On the birth of a child,
-the babe is not dressed until it is baptized; it is immersed all over
-in water; a stand, with an oval basin, is brought for the purpose by
-the clerk. The mother is presented with gifts, which are placed under
-her pillow. Should the babe die before this rite is performed, it is
-not placed with the others; but should it die having been baptized,
-although not more than two hours old, it is dressed and placed on the
-bench at church with the rest. In this manner the common people bury
-their dead.
-
-When any of the Imperial family dies, they are laid in state forty
-days, and every thing accordingly. There is a building built expressly
-for the Imperial families, where their remains are deposited. In the
-front part of it, the criminals that have rebelled against the Imperial
-family are placed in cells, thus combining the prison and the tomb; and
-in sailing by, these miserable creatures are exposed to the careless
-gaze of unfeeling observers.
-
-St. Petersburg was inundated October 9th, 1824. The water rose sixteen
-feet in most parts of the city; many of the inhabitants were drowned.
-An Island between the city and Cronstradt, containing five hundred
-inhabitants, was inundated, and all were drowned, and great damage was
-done at Cronstradt. The morning of this day was fair; there was a high
-wind. Mr. Prince went early to the Palace, as it was his turn to serve;
-our children boarders were gone to school; our servant had gone of an
-errand. I heard a cry, and to my astonishment, when I looked out to
-see what was the matter, the waters covered the earth. I had not then
-learned the language, but I beckoned to the people to come in; the
-waters continued to rise until 10 o'clock, A. M. The waters were then
-within two inches of my window, when they ebbed and went out as fast
-as they had come in, leaving to our view a dreadful sight. The people
-who came into my house for their safety retired, and I was left alone.
-At four o'clock in the afternoon, there was darkness that might be
-felt, such as I had never experienced before. My situation was the more
-painful being alone, and not being able to speak. I waited until ten in
-the evening; I then took a lantern, and started to go to a neighbor's,
-whose children went to the same school with my boarders. I made my
-way through a long yard, over the bodies of men and beasts, and when
-opposite their gate I sunk; I made one grasp, and the earth gave away;
-I grasped again, and fortunately got hold of the leg of a horse, that
-had been drowned. I drew myself up covered with mire, and made my way
-a little further, when I was knocked down by striking against a boat,
-that had been washed up and left by the retiring waters; and as I had
-lost my lantern, I was obliged to grope my way as I could, and feeling
-along the walk, I at last found the door that I aimed at. My family
-were safe, and they accompanied me home. At 12 o'clock, Mr. Prince came
-home, as no one was permitted to leave the Palace till his Majesty had
-viewed the city. In the morning the children and the girl returned, and
-I went to view the pit into which I had sunk. It was large enough to
-hold a dozen like myself, when the earth had caved in. Had not that
-horse been there, I should never again seen the light of day, and no
-one would have known my fate. Thus, through the providence of God, I
-escaped from the flood and the pit.
-
-
- "My helper, God, I bless thy name;
- The same thy power, thy grace the same;
- I midst ten thousand dangers stand,
- Supported by thy guardian hand."
-
-
-Should I attempt to give an account of all the holidays, it would fill
-volumes. The next to notice is Christmas and New Year. The first day
-of January a grand masquerade is given by his Majesty, at the winter
-Palace; forty thousand tickets are distributed; every thing is done in
-order; every gentleman wears a mask and cloak, and carries a lady with
-him. They are formed in a procession, and enter at the west gate; as
-they pass through, all the golden vessels and ornaments are displayed;
-these were back of a counter, which extends two hundred feet; there
-the company receive a cup of hot chocolate, and a paper of comfits,
-and a bun; a great many are in attendance, as a vast many persons are
-permitted to pass in and view the Palace, and go out at the east gate.
-
-The 6th of January is a still greater day, for then the water is
-christened; a church is built on the ice, ornamented with gold and
-evergreens, and a row of spruce trees, extending from the door of
-the Palace to the church. At this time all the nobles, of different
-nations, make their appearance in their native costume. The Patriarch,
-Archbishops, and other dignitaries of the Court, have a service; then
-they pass through and christen the water, and make it holy; then there
-is a great rush of the people for this holy water. On the plane an
-ice hill is built, eighty feet high, where the Emperor and his Court
-exercise themselves.
-
-February 10th is another holiday. Buildings are constructed on the
-plane for the occasion. All kinds of amusements may be found here, and
-all kinds of animals seen; much time and money are spent. The buildings
-are built in rotation. All the children of the different seminaries
-and institutions of education, are driven round in gilded carriages to
-witness the performances. After this is the great Fast, previous to the
-crucifixion of our Saviour. Then Christ is represented as riding into
-Jerusalem; branches of trees are placed in the ice, and strewed through
-the streets, and every performance is carried out. The Saviour is made
-of white marble; he is crucified and buried, and on the third day he
-rises, according to the Scriptures; then the cannons are fired. At the
-close of this forty day's Fast, they have a great Feast and Fair; all
-business is suspended, and the festivity and frolic continue for one
-week.
-
-The first of May is another great holiday. The merchants' daughters are
-arranged on each side of a long mall, in the beautiful gardens, and
-arrayed in their best clothes, under the care of an old woman known in
-their families; the gentlemen walk round and observe them, and if they
-see one they fancy, they speak to the old woman; she takes him to the
-parents and introduces him; if the parties agree, they prepare for the
-betrothal. It is their custom to marry one of their own station. All
-these holidays are accounted sacred. The first year I noted them all,
-as I was accustomed to attend them.
-
-May, 1825, I spent some time visiting the different towns in the
-vicinity of St. Petersburg. In the fall of the same year, the Emperor
-retired to a warmer climate for the health of the Empress Elizabeth.
-January, 1826, the corpse of Alexander was brought in state, and
-was met three miles from the city by the nobles of the Court; and
-they formed a procession, and the body was brought in state into the
-building where the Imperial family were deposited. March, of the
-same year, the corpse of Elizabeth was brought in the same manner.
-Constantine was then king of Poland, he was next heir to the throne,
-and was unanimously voted by the people, but refused, and resigned
-the crown in favor of his brother Nicholas. The day appointed the
-people were ordered to assemble as usual, at the ringing of the bells;
-they rejected Nicholas, a sign was given by the leaders that was well
-understood, and the people, great and small rushed to the square and
-cried with one voice for Constantine. The Emperor with his prime
-minister, and city governor, rode into the midst of them entreating
-them to retire, without avail, they were obliged to order the cannons
-fired upon the mob; it was not known when they discharged them that
-the Emperor and his ministers were in the crowd. He was wonderfully
-preserved while both his friends and their horses were killed. There
-was a general seizing of all classes, who were taken into custody. The
-scene cannot be described; the bodies of the killed and mangled were
-cast into the river, and the snow and ice were stained with the blood
-of human victims as they were obliged to drive the cannon to and fro
-in the midst of the crowd. The bones of these wounded who might have
-been cured were crushed. The cannon are very large, drawn by eight
-horses trained for the purpose. The scene was awful; all business was
-stopped. This deep plot originated, 1814, in Germany, with the Russian
-nobility and German, under the pretence of the Free Mason's lodge.
-When they returned home they increased their numbers and presented
-their chart to the Emperor for permission which was granted. In the
-year 1822, the Emperor being suspicious that all was not right took
-their chart from them. They carried it on in small parties, rapidly
-increasing, believing they would soon be able to destroy all the
-Imperial branches, and have a republican government. Had not this taken
-place undoubtedly they would have at last succeeded. So deep was the
-foundation of this plot laid, both males and females were engaged in
-it. The prison-houses were filled, and thirty of the leading men were
-put into solitary confinement, and twenty-six of the number died, four
-were burned. A stage was erected and faggots were placed underneath,
-each prisoner was secured by iron chains, presenting a most appalling
-sight to an eye-witness. A priest was in attendance to cheer their last
-dying moments, then fire was set to the faggots and these brave men
-were consumed. Others received the knout, and even the princesses and
-ladies of rank were imprisoned and flogged in their own habitations.
-Those that survived their punishment were banished to Siberia. The
-mode of banishment is very imposing and very heart-rending, severing
-them from all dear relatives and friends, for they are never permitted
-to take their children. When they arrive at the gate of the city,
-their first sight is a guard of soldiers, then wagons with provisions,
-then the noblemen in their banished apparel guarded, then each side
-conveyances for the females, then ladies in order guarded by soldiers.
-
-Preparations were now being made for the coronation of the new Emperor
-and Empress. This took place September, 1826, in Moscow, 555 miles
-south-east from St. Petersburg. All persons engaged in the court were
-sent beforehand, in order to prepare for the coming event. After his
-majesty's laws were read as usual on such occasions, those who wished
-to remain in his service did so, and those who did not were discharged.
-
-After the coronation the Emperor and his court returned to St.
-Petersburg. June, 1827, war was declared between Russia and Turkey.
-They had several battles with varied success. The Russians surrounded
-and laid siege to Constantinople. The Sultan of Turkey sued for peace,
-and a treaty was at last signed and peace was proclaimed in 1829.
-In March, of the same year, war was declared with Poland. 1831, the
-cholera, that malignant disease, made its appearance in Austria, from
-thence to little Russia, making great ravages, thousands of people
-falling a prey. It then began to rage in St. Petersburg, carrying off
-9255. This disease first appeared in Madagascar, 1814, there most of
-the inhabitants died. It is called the plague that God sent among the
-people of Israel and other nations for centuries back. Much might be
-said of this dreadful disease and others that are but little known in
-this country. God often visits nations, families, and persons, with
-judgments as well as mercies.
-
-The present Emperor and Empress are courteous and affable. The
-Empress would often send for the ladies of the court at 8 o'clock
-in the evening to sup with her, when they arrive at court they form
-a procession and she takes the lead. On entering the hall, the band
-strikes up; there are two long tables on each side, and in the midst
-circular tables for the Imperial family. The tables are spread
-apparently with every variety of eatable and deserts, but every thing
-is artificial, presenting a novel appearance. When the company are
-seated, the Emperor and Empress walk around the tables and shake hands
-with each individual as they pass. The prisoners of war who are nobles,
-are seated by themselves with their faces veiled. There is a tender or
-waiter to each person, with two plates, one with soup and the other
-with something else. After a variety of courses, in one hour they are
-dismissed by the band. They then retire to another part of the palace
-to attend a ball or theatrical amusements. At the Empress's command
-they are dismissed. She carries power and dignity in her countenance
-well adapted to her station. And after her late amusements at night she
-would be out at an early hour in the morning visiting the abodes of
-the distressed, dressed in as common apparel as any one here, either
-walking or riding in a common sleigh. At her return she would call for
-her children, take them in her arms and talk to them. "She riseth while
-it is yet night and giveth meat to her household and a portion to her
-maidens, she stretcheth out her hands to the poor, yea, she reacheth
-out her hands to the needy; she is not afraid of the snow for all her
-household are clothed in scarlet." Then she would go to the cabinet of
-his Majesty; there she would write and advise with him.
-
-The Russian ladies follow the fashions of the French and English.
-Their religion is after the Greek church. There are no seats in their
-churches; they stand, bow, and kneel, during the service. The principal
-church is on the Main street. There are the statues of the great
-commanders that have conquered in battle. They are clad in brass, with
-flags in their hands, and all their ancient implements of war are
-deposited there. The altar is surrounded by statues of the Virgin Mary
-and the twelve apostles. When Russia is at war and her armies are about
-to engage in battle, it is here that the Emperor and his family and
-court, come to pray for victory over the enemy. The day they engaged in
-battle against the Poles, the Empress Dowager took her death; she was
-embalmed and laid in state six weeks in the hall of the winter palace.
-I went a number of times to see her, and the people pay her homage, and
-kiss the hands of that lump of clay. All religion is tolerated, but the
-native Russians are subject to the Greek Church. There are a number of
-institution in St. Petersburg where children of all classes have the
-privilege of instruction. The sailors' and soldiers' boys enter the
-corps at the age of seven, and are educated for that purpose. The girls
-remain in the barracks with their parents, or go to some institutions
-where they are instructed in all the branches of female education.
-There are other establishments, where the higher classes send their
-children.
-
-There is another spacious building called the Market, half a mile
-square, where all kinds of articles may be bought. Between the Market
-and the church there is a block of buildings where silver articles
-of all kinds are to be purchased. These stores present a very superb
-appearance and are visited by every foreigner that comes into the
-place. Besides these buildings, Main Street is lined with elegant
-buildings with projecting windows, to the extent of twelve miles.
-Nearly at the termination of the street there is a spacious building of
-stone which encloses the Taberisey Garden, so called from its having
-every kind of tree, shrub, flower and fruit, of the known world, which
-flourish alike in winter as in summer. There is an extensive Frozen
-Market which forms a square as large as Boston Common. This space
-of ground is covered with counters, on which may be purchased every
-variety of eatable, such as frozen fish, fowl, and meats of every
-description, besides every other article of commerce which will bear
-the extreme cold of a St. Petersburg winter. This city was founded
-by Peter the Great, and built upon a bog which was occupied by a few
-fishermen's huts, and belonged to the Finns. It is situated at the
-extremity of the Gulf of Finland, and is built partly on the main
-land and partly on several small islands. The foundation of the city
-is extremely marshy, which subjects it to frequent inundations. For
-this reason there are canals which are cut through the streets, very
-beautifully laid out, faced with granite, railed with iron chains
-nubbed with brass, with bridges to cross from one street to the other.
-The city houses are built of stone and brick, and twice the thickness
-of American houses. They are heated by Peaches, of similar construction
-to our furnaces; the outside of which is faced with China tiles,
-presenting a very beautiful appearance. The village houses are built of
-logs corked with oakum, where the peasants reside. This class of people
-till the land, most of them are slaves and are very degraded. The rich
-own the poor, but they are not suffered to separate families or sell
-them off the soil. All are subject to the Emperor, and no nobleman can
-leave without his permission. The mode of travelling is principally by
-stages which are built something like our omnibusses, with settees upon
-the top railed and guarded by soldiers, for the purpose of protecting
-the travellers from the attacks of wild beasts. The common language is
-a mixture of Sclavonian and Polish. The nobility make use of the modern
-Greek, French, and English. I learned the languages in six months, so
-as to be able to attend to my business, and also made some proficiency
-in the French. My time was taken up in domestic affairs; I took two
-children to board the third week after commencing housekeeping, and
-increased their numbers. The baby linen making and children's garments
-were in great demand. I started a business in these articles and
-took a journeywoman and apprentices. The present Empress is a very
-active one, and inquired of me respecting my business and gave me much
-encouragement by purchasing of me garments for herself and children,
-handsomely wrought in French and English styles, and many of the
-nobility also followed her example. It was to me a great blessing that
-we had the means of Grace afforded us. The Rev. Richard Kenell, was
-the Protestant pastor. We had service twice every Sabbath and evening
-prayer meetings, also a female society, so that I was occupied at all
-times.
-
-At the time of the inundation, the Bibles and other books belonging to
-the society were injured. But Mr. Kenell took the liberty to purchase
-at full price and sell at an advance. In order that the poor might
-have them, we all agreed to labor for that purpose; I often visited
-the matron of the Empress' children, and encouraged by her I took some
-to the Palace, and by this means disposed of many at head quarters.
-Other friends without the court continued to labor until hundreds
-and thousands were disposed of. The old Bishop finding his religion
-was in danger sent a petition to the Emperor that all who were found
-distributing Bibles and Tracts should be punished severely. Many were
-taken and imprisoned, two devoted young men were banished; thus the
-righteous were punished, while evil practices were not forbidden, for
-there the sin of licentiousness is very common.
-
-I have mentioned that the climate did not agree with me; in winter my
-lungs were much affected; it was the advice of the best physicians
-that I had better not remain in Russia during another cold season.
-However painful it was to me to return without my husband, yet life
-seemed desirable, and he flattered me and himself that he should soon
-follow. It is difficult for any one in the Emperor's employment to
-leave when they please. Mr. Prince thought it best for me to return to
-my native country while he remained two years longer to accumulate a
-little property and then return--but death took him away. I left St.
-Petersburg, August 14th, 1833, having been absent about nine years and
-six months. On the 17th I sailed from Cronstradt for New York. Arrived
-at Elsinore the 25th. Tuesday 29, left. September the 2nd., laid to
-in a gale. September 18th, made Plymouth, Old England. 19th sailed.
-Arrived in New York Oct. 10th, left there Tuesday 18th, arrived in
-Boston the 23d. Sabbath Nov. the 9th, I had the privilege of attending
-service in the old place of worship. On this day I also had the
-pleasure of meeting with an old friend of my grandfather, nearly one
-hundred years of age. I found things much changed; my mother and sister
-Silvia died in 1827, (that I was aware of.) The Rev. T. Paul was dead
-and many of my old friends were gone to their long home. The old church
-and society was in much confusion; I attempted to worship with them but
-it was in vain. The voyage was of great benefit to me. By the advice of
-friends I applied to a Mrs. Mott, a female physician in the city, that
-helped me much. I am indebted to God for his great goodness in guiding
-my youthful steps; my mind was directed to my fellow brethren whose
-circumstances were similar to my own. I found many a poor little orphan
-destitute and afflicted, and on account of color shut out from all the
-asylums for poor children. At this my heart was moved, and proposed
-to my friends the necessity of a home for such, where they might be
-sheltered from the contaminating evils that beset their path. For this
-purpose I called a meeting of the people and laid before them my plan:
-as I had had the privilege of assisting in forming an Asylum for such a
-purpose in St. Petersburg, I thought it would be well to establish one
-on the same principles, not knowing that any person had had a thought
-of any thing of the kind. We commenced with eight children. I gave
-three months of my time. A board was formed of seven females, with a
-committee of twelve gentlemen of standing, to superintend. At the end
-of three months the committee was dispensed with, and for want of funds
-our society soon fell through.
-
-I passed my time in different occupations and making arrangements for
-the return of my husband, but death took him from me. I made my home
-at the Rev. J. W. Holman's, a Free Will Baptist, until I sailed for
-Jamaica. There had been an Anti-Slavery Society established by W. L.
-Garrison, Knapp, and other philanthropists of the day. Their design
-was the amelioration of the nominally free colored people of these
-States, and the emancipation of the slaves in other States. These
-meetings I attended with much pleasure until a contention broke out
-among themselves; there has been a great change in some things, but
-much remains to be done; possibly I may not see so clearly as some, for
-the weight of prejudice has again oppressed me, and were it not for the
-promises of God one's heart would fail, for _He_ made man in his own
-image, in the image of God, created he him, male and female, that they
-should have dominion over the fish of the sea, the fowl of the air, and
-the beast of the field, &c. This power did God give man, that thus far
-should he go and no farther; but man has disobeyed his maker and become
-vain in his imagination and their foolish hearts are darkened. We
-gather from this, that God has in all ages of the world punished every
-nation and people for their sins. The sins of my beloved country are
-not hid from his notice; his all seeing eye sees and knows the secrets
-of all hearts; the angels that kept not their first estate but left
-their own habitations, he hath reserved in everlasting chains unto the
-great day.
-
-My mind, after the emancipation in the West Indies, was bent upon going
-to Jamaica. A field of usefulness seemed spread out before me. While I
-was thinking about it, the Rev. Mr. Ingraham, who had spent seven years
-there, arrived in the city. He lectured in the city at the Marlboro'
-Chapel, on the results arising from the emancipation at the British
-Islands. He knew much about them, he had a station at a mountain near
-Kingston, and was very desirous to have persons go there to labor. He
-wished some one to go with him to his station. He called on me with the
-Rev. Mr. Colyer, to persuade me to go. I told him it was my intention
-to go if I could make myself useful, but that I was sensible that I was
-very limited in education. He told me that the moral condition of the
-people was very bad, and needed labor aside from any thing else.
-
-I left America, November 16th, 1840, in the ship Scion, Captain
-Mansfield, bound for Jamaica, freighted with ice and machinery for
-the silk factory. There were on board a number of handicrafts-men and
-other passengers. We sailed on Monday afternoon, from Charlestown,
-Massachusetts. It rained continually until Saturday. Sunday the 23d,
-was a fine day. Mr. De Grass, a young colored clergyman, was invited
-to perform divine service which he did with much propriety; he spoke
-of the dangers we had escaped and the importance of being prepared to
-meet our God, (he died of fever about three weeks after arriving at
-Jamaica,) some who were able to attend came on deck and listened to
-him with respect, while others seemed to look on in derision; these
-spent the afternoon and evening in card-playing. About twelve at night
-a storm commenced; on Monday were in great peril; the storm continued
-until Friday the 27th. On that day a sail was seen at some distance
-making towards us, the captain judging her to be a piratical vessel
-ordered the women and children below, and the men to prepare for
-action. The pirates were not inclined to hazard an engagement; when
-they saw the deck filled with armed men they left us. Thus were we
-preserved from the storm and from the enemy. Sabbath, 29th, divine
-service, our attention was directed to the goodness of God, in sparing
-us.
-
-Monday, and we mortals are still alive. Tuesday, thus far the Lord has
-led us on. Wednesday, thus far his power prolongs our days. Thursday,
-December 3d, to-day made Turks Island. Friday, this day had a view of
-Hayti, its lofty mountains presented a sublime prospect. Saturday,
-we had a glance at Cuba. Sunday, December 6th, at six o'clock in
-the evening, dropped anchor at St. Anne Harbor, Jamaica. We blessed
-the Lord for his goodness in sparing us to see the place of our
-destination; and here I will mention my object in visiting Jamaica. I
-hoped that I might aid, in some small degree, to raise up and encourage
-the emancipated inhabitants, and teach the young children to read and
-work, to fear God, and put their trust in the Saviour. Mr. Whitmarsh
-and his friend came on board and welcomed us. On Tuesday we went on
-shore to see the place and the people; my intention had been to go
-directly to Kingston, but the people urged me to stay with them and I
-thought it my duty to comply, and wrote to Mr. Ingraham to that effect.
-I went first to see the minister, Mr. Abbott, I thought as he was out,
-I had better wait his return. The people promised to pay me for my
-services, or send me to Kingston. When Mr. Abbot returned he made me
-an offer, which I readily accepted. As I lodged in the house of one of
-the class-leaders I attended her class a few times, and when I learned
-the method, I stopped. She then commenced her authority and gave me
-to understand if I did not comply I should not have any pay from that
-society. I spoke to her of the necessity of being born of the spirit of
-God before we become members of the church of Christ, and told her I
-was sorry to see the people blinded in such a way.
-
-She was very angry with me and soon accomplished her end by complaining
-of me to the minister; and I soon found I was to be dismissed unless I
-would yield obedience to this class-leader. I told the minister that I
-did not come there to be guided by a poor foolish woman. He then told
-me that I had spoken something about the necessity of moral conduct
-in church members. I told him I had, and in my opinion, I was sorry
-to see it so much neglected. He replied, that he hoped I would not
-express myself so except to him; they have the gospel, he continued,
-and let them into the church. I do not approve of women societies;
-they destroy the world's convention; the American women have too many
-of them. I talked with him an hour. He paid me for the time I had been
-there. I continued with the same opinion that something must be done
-for the elevation of the children, and it is for that I labor. I am
-sorry to say the meeting house is more like a play house than a place
-of worship. The pulpit stands about the middle of the building, behind
-are about six hundred children that belong to the society; there they
-are placed for Sabbath School, and there they remain until service is
-over, playing most of the time. The house is crowded with the aged and
-the young, the greater part of them barefooted. Some have on bonnets,
-but most of the women wear straw hats such as our countrymen wear.
-
-I gave several Bibles away, not knowing that I was hurting the
-minister's sale, the people buy them of him at a great advance. I
-gave up my school at St. Ann, the 18th of March. I took the fever and
-was obliged to remain until the 7th of April. The people of St. Ann
-fulfilled their promise which they made to induce me to stop with them.
-On the 11th of April I arrived at Kingston, and was conducted to the
-Mico Institution, where Mr. Ingraham directed me to find him; he had
-lost his pulpit and his school, but Mr. Venning, the teacher, kindly
-received me. I remained there longer than I expected; the next morning
-he kindly sent one of the young men with me to the packet for my
-baggage. I then called on the American Consul, he told me he was very
-glad to see me for such a purpose as I had in view in visiting Jamaica,
-but he said it was a folly for the Americans to come to the Island to
-better their condition; he said they came to him every day praying him
-to send them home.
-
-He likewise mentioned to me the great mortality among the emigrants.
-The same day I saw the Rev. Mr. J. S. Beadslee, one of our
-missionaries, who wished me to accompany him forty miles into the
-interior of the country.
-
-On May the 18th, I attended the Baptist Missionary meeting, in Queen
-Street Chapel; the house was crowded. Several ministers spoke of the
-importance of sending the gospel to Africa; they complimented the
-congregation on their liberality the last year, having given one
-hundred pounds sterling; they hoped this year they would give five
-hundred pounds, as there were five thousand members at the present
-time. There was but one colored minister on the platform. It is
-generally the policy of these missionaries to have the sanction of
-colored ministers, to all their assessments and taxes. The colored
-people give more readily, and are less suspicious of imposition, if
-one from themselves recommends the measure; this the missionaries
-understand very well, and know how to take advantage of it. On the 22d
-and 23d of June, the colored Baptists held their missionary meeting,
-the number of ministers colored and mulattoes was 18, the colored
-magistrates were present. The resolutions that were offered were
-unanimously accepted, and every thing was done in love and harmony.
-After taking up a contribution they concluded with song and prayer, and
-returned home saying jocosely, "they would turn macroon hunters."
-
-Mack is the name of a small coin in circulation at Jamaica. I called,
-on my return, at the market and counted the different stalls. For
-vegetables and poultry 196, all numbered and under cover; beside 70
-on the ground; these are all attended by colored women. The market is
-conveniently arranged, as they can close the gates and leave all safe.
-There are nineteen stalls for fresh fish, eighteen for pork, thirty for
-beef, eighteen for turtle. These are all regular built markets, and are
-kept by colored men and women. These are all in one place. Others also
-may be found, as with us, all over the city. Thus it may be hoped they
-are not the stupid set of beings they have been called; here _surely we
-see industry_; they are enterprising and quick in their perceptions,
-determined to possess themselves, and to possess property besides, and
-quite able to take care of themselves. They wished to know why I was so
-inquisitive about them, I told them we had heard in America that you
-are lazy, and that emancipation has been of no benefit to you; I wish
-to inform myself of the truth respecting you, and give a true account
-on my return. Am I right? More than two hundred people were around me
-listening to what I said.
-
-They thanked me heartily, I gave them some tracts, and told them if
-it so pleased God I would come back to them and bring them some more
-books, and try what could be done with some of the poor children to
-make them better. I then left them and went to the East Market, where
-there are many of all nations. The Jews and Spanish looked at me very
-black. The colored people gathered around me, I gave them little books
-and tracts, and told them I hoped to see them again.
-
-There are in this street upwards of a thousand young women and
-children, living in sin of every kind. From thence I went to the jail,
-where there were seventeen men, but no women. There were in the House
-of Correction three hundred culprits; they are taken from there, to
-work on plantations. I went to the Admiral's house, where the emigrants
-find a shelter until they can find employment, then they work and pay
-for their passage. Many leave their homes and come to Jamaica under the
-impression that they are to have their passage free, and on reaching
-the Island are to be found, until they can provide for themselves.
-
-How the mistake originated, I am not able to say, but on arriving here,
-strangers poor and unacclimated, find the debt for passage money hard
-and unexpected. It is remarkable that whether fresh from Africa, or
-from other Islands from the South or from New England, they all feel
-deceived on this point. I called on many Americans and found them poor
-and discontented,--rueing the day they left their country, where,
-notwithstanding many obstacles, their parents lived and died, which
-they helped to conquer with their toil and blood; now shall their
-children stray abroad and starve in foreign lands.
-
-There is in Jamaica an institution, established in 1836, called the
-Mico Institution. It is named after its founder, Madame Mico, who left
-a large sum of money to purchase, (or rather to ransom, the one being
-a Christian act, the other a sin against the Holy Ghost, who expressly
-forbids such traffic.) Madame Mico left this money to ransom the
-English who were in bondage to the Algerines; if there was any left,
-it was to be devoted to the instruction of the colored people in the
-British Isles.
-
-Beside the Mico establishment, there are in Jamaica twenty-seven church
-missionary schools, where children are taught gratis. Whole number
-taught, 952. London Missionary Society Schools, sixteen; the number
-taught not ascertained. National Schools, thirty-eight. There are also
-the Wesleyan, Presbyterian and Moravian Schools; it is supposed there
-are private schools, where three or four thousand are educated in the
-city of Kingston, and twice the number in the street without the means
-of instruction. All the children and adults taught in the above named
-schools, are taxed £1 a year, except the English Church School, this is
-the most liberal. The Rev. Mr. Horton, a Baptist minister in Kingston,
-told me he had sent ninety children away from the Baptist school
-because they did not bring their money. It is sufficient to say they
-had it not to bring!
-
-Most of the people of Jamaica are emancipated slaves, many of them are
-old, worn out and degraded. Those who are able to work, have yet many
-obstacles to contend with, and very little to encourage them; every
-advantage is taken of their ignorance; the same spirit of cruelty is
-opposed to them as held them for centuries in bondage; even religious
-teaching is bartered for their hard earnings, while they are allowed
-but thirty-three cents a day, and are told if they will not work for
-that they shall not work at all; an extraordinary price is asked of
-them for every thing they may wish to purchase, even their Bibles
-are sold to them at a large advance on the first purchase. Where are
-their apologists, if they are found wanting in the strict morals that
-Christians ought to practice? Who kindly says, forgive them when they
-err? "Forgive them, this is the bitter fruit of slavery." Who has
-integrity sufficient to hold the balance when these poor people are to
-be weighed? Yet their present state is blissful, compared with slavery.
-
-Many of the farmers bring their produce twenty or thirty miles. Some
-have horses or ponys, but most of them bring, their burdens on their
-head. As I returned from St. Andrews's Mountain, where I had been sent
-for by a Mr. Rose, I was overtaken by a respectable looking man on
-horseback; we rode about ten miles in company. The story he told me
-of the wrongs he and his wife had endured while in slavery, are too
-horrible to narrate. My heart sickens when I think of it. He asked
-me many questions, such as where I came from? why I came to that
-Isle? where had I lived, &c? I told him I was sent for by one of the
-missionaries to help him in his school. Indeed, said he, our color
-need the instruction. I asked him why the colored people did not hire
-for themselves? We would be very glad to, he replied, but our money is
-taken from us so fast we cannot. Sometimes they say we must all bring
-£1; to raise this, we have to sell at a loss or to borrow, so that we
-have nothing left for ourselves; the Macroon hunters take all--this is
-a nickname they give the missionaries and the class-leaders--a cutting
-sarcasm this!
-
-Arrived at a tavern, about a mile from Kingston, I bade the man
-adieu, and stopped for my guide. The inn-keeper kindly invited me in;
-he asked me several questions, and I asked him as many. How do the
-people get along, said I, since the emancipation? The negroes, he
-replied, will have the Island in spite of the d----. Do not you see
-how they live, and how much they can bear? We cannot do so. This man
-was an Englishman, with a large family of mulatto children. I returned
-with my mind fully made up what to do. Spent three weeks at the
-Mico establishment, and three with my colored friends from America.
-We thought something ought to be done for the poor girls that were
-destitute; they consulted with their friends, called a meeting and
-formed a society of forty; each agreed to pay three dollars a year and
-collect, and provide a house, while I came back to America to raise the
-money for all needful articles for the school. Here I met Mr. Ingraham
-for the first time; he had come from the mountains, and his health
-had rapidly declined; wishing to get his family home before the Lord
-took him away, he embarked for Baltimore, in the Orb, and I sailed for
-Philadelphia, July 20th, 1841, twenty-one days from Jamaica, in good
-health. I found there, Fitz W. Sargent's family, from Gloucester, who I
-lived with when a little girl; they received me very kindly, and gave
-donations of books and money for that object.
-
-I met the Anti Slavery Society at Mrs. Lucretia Motts, who took great
-interest in the cause. I visited among the friends, and spent my time
-very pleasantly. August 5th, I started for New York; arrived safely,
-and staid with an old friend; ascertained that Mr. Ingraham's family
-were at Newark, at Theodore Wells. He died four days after his arrival.
-I was invited to Mrs. Ingraham's (his cousin's widow) to spend a week.
-There I met with much encouragement to labor in the cause. Missionaries
-were coming and going, and all seemed to be interested in my object.
-Saturday evening I went to the bath room, where I left my neck ribbon:
-returning after it, I had the misfortune to fall through an open
-trap door, down fifteen feet, on hard coal. I had no light with me.
-I dislocated my left shoulder, and was generally very much bruised;
-my screams brought the girl to my assistance, and by the help of God
-she brought me out of the cellar; it was some time before a surgeon
-could be procured; at last Dr. Jossleyn came to my relief, he set my
-shoulder. I was obliged to remain at Mrs. Ingraham's three weeks; as
-soon as I was able I left there for Boston. I intended to have gone by
-the western boat, but by mistake got on board Captain Comstock's, and
-was exposed on deck all night in a damp east wind, and when I arrived
-at the landing I could not assist myself; a sailor who saw and pitied
-my situation, kindly took care of me and my baggage, and on my arrival
-in Boston procured a carriage for me. If it had not been for his
-kindness I know not how I should have got along.
-
-As soon as I was able I commenced my task of collecting funds for my
-Free Labor School in Jamaica. I collected in Boston and vicinity, in
-New York and Philadelphia, but not sufficient to make up the required
-sum, and I was obliged to take fifty dollars from my own purse,
-thinking that when I returned to Jamaica they would refund the money
-to me. April 15th, embarked on board the Brig Norma, of New York, for
-Jamaica. I arrived at Kingston May 6th, and found every thing different
-from what it was when I left; the people were in a state of agitation,
-several were hanged, and the insurrection was so great that it was
-found necessary to increase the army to quell it. Several had been
-hanged. On the very day I arrived a man was hanged for shooting a man
-as he passed through the street. Such was the state of things that it
-was not safe to be there.
-
-A few young people met to celebrate their freedom on an open plain,
-where they hold their market; their former masters and mistresses
-envious of their happiness, conspired against them and thought to put
-them down by violence. This only served to increase their numbers;
-but the oppressors were powerful and succeeded in accomplishing their
-revenge, although many of them were relations. There was a rule among
-the slave holders, to take care of the children they have by their
-slaves; they select them out and place them in asylums. Those who
-lived with their white fathers were allowed great power over their
-slave mothers and her slave children; my heart was often grieved to see
-their conduct to their poor old grand parents. Those over twenty-one
-were freed in 1834, all under twenty-one, were to serve their masters
-till twenty-one. It is well known that at that time, the children alike
-with others, received twenty-five dollars a head for their relatives.
-Were I to tell all my eyes have seen among that people it would not
-be credited. It is well known that those that were freed, knowing
-their children were still in bondage, were not satisfied. In the year
-1838, general freedom throughout the British Islands gave the death
-blow to the power of the master, and mothers received with joy their
-emancipated children; they no longer looked the picture of despair,
-fearing to see their mulatto son or daughter, beating or abusing their
-younger brothers and sisters of a darker skin. On this occasion there
-was an outrage committed by those who were in power. What little the
-poor colored people had gathered during their four years of freedom,
-was destroyed by violence; their fences were broken down, and their
-horses and hogs taken from them. Most of the mulattoes and masters
-are educated, many of them are very poor, some are very rich; the
-property is left to the oldest daughter, she divides it with her
-brothers and sisters; since slavery ended many of them have married;
-those who are poor, and mean to live in sin, make for New Orleans and
-other slave States; many of the planters left the Island when slavery
-was abolished. In June, 1841, a number of people arrived from Sierra
-Leone at Jamaica; these were Maroons who were banished from the Island.
-They were some of the original natives who inhabited the mountains,
-and were determined to destroy the whites. These Maroons would secrete
-themselves in trees, and arrest the whites as they passed along, they
-would pretend to guide them, when they would beat and abuse them as
-the whites did their slaves; the English finding themselves defeated
-in all their plans to subdue them, proposed to take them by craft.
-They made a feast in a large tavern in Kingston, and invited them to
-come; after they had eaten, they were invited on board three ships
-of war, that were all ready to set sail for Sierra Leone; they were
-many of them infants in their mother's arms, they were well taken care
-of by the English and instructed; they were removed about the year
-1796--they are bright and intelligent, I saw and conversed with them;
-when they heard of the abolition of slavery, they sent a petition to
-Queen Victoria that they might return to Jamaica, which was granted.
-Several of them were very old when they returned; they were men and
-women when they left the Island, they had not forgot the injuries they
-had received from the hands of man, nor the mercies of God to them,
-nor his judgments to their enemies. Their numbers were few but their
-power was great; they say the Island, of right, belongs to them. Had
-their been a vessel in readiness I should have come back immediately,
-it seemed useless to attempt to establish a Manual Labor School, as
-the government was so unsettled that I could not be protected. Some of
-my former friends were gone as teachers to Africa, and some to other
-parts of the Island. I called on the American Consul to consult with
-him, he said that although such a school was much wanted, yet every
-thing seemed so unsettled that I had no courage to proceed. I told
-him there was so much excitement that I wished to leave the Island
-as soon as he could find me a passage, it seemed useless to spend
-my time there. As soon as it was known that I intended to return, a
-movement was made to induce me to remain. I was persuaded to try the
-experiment for three months, not thinking their motive was bad. Before
-I left the United States, I got all that was needed, within fifty
-dollars. The fifty dollars I supplied from my own purse, expecting
-they would pay me. It cost me ten dollars for freight, and twenty-five
-for passage money; these people that I had hoped to serve, were much
-taken up with the things I had brought, they thought that I had money
-and I was continually surrounded; the thought of color was no where
-exhibited, much notice was taken of me. I was invited to breakfast in
-one place, and to dine in another, &c. A society was organized, made
-up of men and women of authority. A constitution was drafted by my
-consent, by those who were appointed to meet at my rooms. Between the
-time of the adjournment they altered it to suit themselves. At the
-time appointed we came together with a spirit apparently becoming any
-body of Christians; most of them were members of Christian churches;
-the meeting was opened with reading the Scriptures and prayer. Then
-said the leader, since our dear sister has left her native land and
-her friends to come to us, we welcome her with our hearts and hands.
-She will dwell among us, and we will take care of her--Brethren think
-of it!, after which he sat down, and the constitution was called for.
-The Preamble held out all the flattery that a fool could desire; after
-which they commenced the articles, supposing that they could do as
-they thought best. The fourth article unveiled their design. As we
-have designed to take care of our sister, _we the undersigned will take
-charge of all she has brought_; the vote was called, every person rose
-in a moment except myself: every eye was upon me; one asked me why I
-did not vote, I made no answer--they put the vote again and again, I
-remained seated; well said the President, we can do nothing without her
-vote; they remained some time silent, and then broke up the meeting.
-The next day the Deacon called to see what the state of my mind was,
-and some of the women proposed that we should have another meeting.
-I told them no, I should do no more for them. As soon as they found
-they could not get the things in the way they intended, they started
-to plunder me; but I detected their design, and was on my guard, I
-disposed of the articles, and made ready to leave when an opportunity
-presented. A more skilful plan than this Satan never designed, but the
-power of God was above it. It is not surprising that this people are
-full of deceit and lies, this is the fruits of slavery, it makes master
-and slaves knaves. It is the rule where slavery exists to swell the
-churches with numbers, and hold out such doctrines, as _obedience to
-tyrants_, is a duty to God. I went with a Baptist woman to the house of
-a minister of the Church of England, to have her grandchild christened
-before it died; she told me if she did not have it christened, it would
-rise up in judgment against her. This poor deluded creature was a
-class leader in the Baptist Church, and such is the condition of most
-of the people: they seemed blinded to every thing but money. They are
-great for trade, and are united in their determination for procuring
-property, of which they have amassed a vast amount. Notwithstanding I
-had made over various articles to one of the American Missionaries, a
-Mr. J. S. Beadslee, of Clarendon Mountains, I also gave to others where
-they were needed, which receipts and letters I have in my possession.
-Notwithstanding all this, they made another attempt to rob me, and as a
-passage could not be obtained for me to return home, I was obliged to
-go to the Mico establishment again for safety, such was the outrage.
-Houses were broken open and robbed every night. I came very near being
-shot: there was a certain place where we placed ourselves the first
-of the evening. A friend came to bring us some refreshments, I had
-just left the window when a gun was fired through it, by one that
-often sat with us; this was common in the time of slavery. Previous to
-vessels arriving, passages were engaged. I disposed of my articles and
-furniture at a very small profit. On the 1st of August, Capt. A. Miner
-arrived, and advertised for passengers. The American Consul procured me
-a passage, and on the 18th of August myself and nine other passengers
-embarked for New York.
-
-I might have diversified my book with more extended descriptions of
-Jamaica, with its tropical climate and productions, and contrasted
-it with Northern Russia. I hope my readers will not think that I was
-unmoved by all the wonders and beauties of nature, that were presented
-to me in various climes. Before giving an account of the voyage from
-Jamaica, it may prove interesting to some readers, to have a brief
-description of the country. With her liberty secured to her, may she
-now rise in prosperity, morality and religion, and become a happy
-people whose God is the Lord.
-
-
-WEST INDIES.
-
-A denomination under which is comprehended a large chain of islands,
-extending in a curve from the Florida shore on the northern peninsula
-of America, to the Gulf of Venezuela on the southern. These islands
-belong to five European powers, viz: Great Britain, Spain, France,
-Holland, and Denmark. An inhabitant of New England can form no idea
-of the climate and the productions of these islands. Many of the
-particulars that are here mentioned, are peculiar to them all.
-
-The climate in all the West India Islands is nearly the same, allowing
-for those accidental differences which the several situations and
-qualities of the lands themselves produce; as they lie within the
-tropic of Cancer, and the sun is often almost at the meridian over
-their heads, they are continually subjected to a heat that would be
-intolerable but for the trade winds, which are so refreshing as to
-enable the inhabitants to attend to their various occupations, even
-under a noonday sun; as the night advances, a breeze begins to be
-perceived, which blows smartly from the land, as it were from the
-centre towards the sea, to all points of the compass at once. The
-rains make the only distinction of seasons on these islands. The trees
-are green the year round; they have no cold or frost; our heaviest
-rains are but dews comparatively; with them floods of water are poured
-from the clouds. About May, the periodical rains from the South may
-be expected. Then the tropical summer, in all its splendor, makes
-its appearance. The nights are calm and serene, the moon shines more
-brightly than in New England, as do the planets and the beautiful
-galaxy. From the middle of August to the end of September the heat is
-most oppressive, the sea breeze is interrupted, and calms warn the
-inhabitants of the periodical rains, which fall in torrents about the
-first of October.
-
-The most considerable and valuable of the British West India Islands,
-lies between the 75th and the 79th degrees of west longitude from
-London, and between 17 and 18 north latitude; it is of an oval figure,
-150 miles long from east to west, sixty miles broad in the middle,
-containing 4,080,000 acres. An elevated ridge, called the Blue
-Mountains, runs lengthwise from east to west, whence numerous rivers
-take their rise on both sides. The year is divided into two seasons,
-wet and dry. The months of July, August, and September, are called the
-hurricane months. The best houses are generally built low, on account
-of the hurricanes and earthquakes. However pleasant the sun may rise,
-in a moment the scene may be changed; a violent storm will suddenly
-arise, attended with thunder and lightning; the rain falls in torrents,
-and the seas and rivers rise with terrible destruction. I witnessed
-this awful scene in June last, at Kingston, the capital of Jamaica;
-the foundations of many houses were destroyed; the waters, as they
-rushed from the mountains, brought with them the produce of the earth,
-large branches of trees, together with their fruit; many persons were
-drowned, endeavoring to reach their homes; those who succeeded, were
-often obliged to travel many miles out of their usual way. Many young
-children, without a parent's care, were at this time destroyed. A poor
-old woman, speaking of these calamities to me, thus expressed herself:
-"Not so bad now as in the time of slavery; then God spoke very loud
-to _Bucker_, (the white people,) to let us go. Thank God, ever since
-that they give us up, we go pray, and we have it not so bad like as
-before." I would recommend this poor woman's remark to the fair sons
-and daughters of America, the land of the pilgrims, "Then God spoke
-very loud." May these words be engraved on the post of every door in
-this land of New England. God speaks very loud, and while his judgments
-are on the earth, may the inhabitants learn righteousness!
-
-The mountains that intersect this island, seem composed of rocks,
-thrown up by frequent earthquakes or volcanoes. These rocks, though
-having little soil, are adorned with a great variety of beautiful
-trees, growing from the fissures, which are nourished by frequent
-rains, and flourish in perpetual spring. From these mountains flow a
-vast number of small rivers of pure water, which sometimes fall in
-cataracts, from stupendous heights; these, with the brilliant verdure
-of the trees, form a most delightful landscape. Ridges of smaller
-mountains are on each side of this great chain; on these, coffee grows
-in great abundance; the valleys or plains between these ridges, are
-level beyond what is usually found in similar situations. The highest
-land in the island is Blue Mountain Peak, 7150 feet above the sea. The
-most extensive plain is thirty miles long and five broad. Black river,
-in the Parish of St. Elizabeth, is the only one navigable; flat-boats
-bring down produce from plantations about thirty miles up the river.
-Along the coast, and on the plains, the weather is very hot; but in the
-mountains the air is pure and wholesome; the longest days in summer are
-about thirteen hours, and the shortest in winter about eleven. In the
-plains are found several salt fountains, and in the mountains, not far
-from Spanish Town, is a hot bath of great medicinal virtues; this gives
-relief in the complaint called the dry bowels malady, which, excepting
-the bilious and yellow fevers, is one of the most terrible distempers
-of Jamaica. The general produce of this island is sugar, rum, molasses,
-ginger, cotton, indigo, pimento, cocoa, coffees, several kinds of
-woods, and medicinal drugs. Fruits are in great plenty, as oranges,
-lemons, shaddoks, citrons, pomegranates, pineapples, melons, pompions,
-guavas, and many others. Here are trees whose wood, when dry, is
-incorruptible; here is found the wild cinnamon tree, the mahogany, the
-cabbage, the palm, yielding an oil much esteemed for food and medicine.
-Here, too, is the soap tree, whose berries are useful in washing. The
-plantain is produced in Jamaica in abundance, and is one of the most
-agreeable and nutritious vegetables in the world: it grows about four
-feet in height, and the fruit grows in clusters, which is filled with
-a luscious sweet pulp. The Banana is very similar to the plantain,
-but not so sweet. The whole island is divided into three counties,
-Middlesex, Surry, and Cornwall, and these into six towns, twenty
-parishes, and twenty-seven villages.
-
-This island was originally part of the Spanish Empire in America, but
-it was taken by the English in 1656. Cromwell had fitted out a squadron
-under Penn and Venables, to reduce the Spanish Island of Hispaniola;
-but there this squadron was unsuccessful, and the commanders, of their
-own accord, to atone for this misfortune, made a descent on Jamaica,
-and having arrived at St. Jago, soon compelled the whole island to
-surrender.
-
-Ever since, it has been subject to the English, and the government,
-next to that of Ireland, is the richest in the disposal of the crown.
-Port Royal was formerly the capital of Jamaica; it stood upon the
-point of a narrow neck of land, which, towards the sea, forms part of
-the border of a very fine harbor of its own name. The conveniences of
-this harbor, which was capable of containing a thousand sail of large
-ships, and of such depth as to allow them to load and unload with
-the greatest ease, weighed so much with the inhabitants, that they
-chose to build their capital on this spot, although the place was a
-hot, dry sand, and produced none of the necessaries of life, not even
-fresh water. About the beginning of the year 1692, no place for its
-size could be compared to this town for trade, wealth, and an entire
-corruption of manners. In the month of June in this year, an earthquake
-which shook the whole island to the foundation, totally overwhelmed
-this city, so as to leave, in one quarter, not even the smallest
-vestige remaining. In two minutes the earth opened and swallowed up
-nine-tenths of the houses, and two thousand people. The waters gushed
-out from the openings of the earth, and the people lay as it were in
-heaps: some of them had the good fortune to catch hold of beams and
-rafters of houses, and were afterwards saved by boats. Several ships
-were cast away in the harbor, and the Swan Frigate, which lay in
-the Dock, was carried over the tops of sinking houses, and did not
-overset, but afforded a retreat to some hundreds of people, who saved
-their lives upon her. An officer who was in the town at that time,
-says the earth opened and shut very quick in some places, and he saw
-several people sink down to the middle, and others appeared with their
-heads just above ground, and were choked to death. At Savannah above
-a thousand acres were sunk, with the houses and people in them, the
-place appearing, for some time, like a lake; this was afterwards dried
-up, but no houses were seen. In some parts mountains were split, and
-at one place a plantation was removed to the distance of a mile. The
-inhabitants again rebuilt the city, but it was a second time, ten years
-after, destroyed by a great fire. The extraordinary convenience of the
-harbor tempted them to build it once more, and in 1722 it was laid in
-ruins by a hurricane, the most terrible on record.
-
-Such repeated calamities seemed to mark out this spot as a devoted
-place; the inhabitants, therefore, resolved to forsake it forever, and
-to reside at the opposite bay, where they built Kingston, which is now
-the capital of the island. In going up to Kingston, we pass over a part
-of and between Port Royal, leaving the mountains on the left, and a
-small town on the right. There are many handsome houses built there,
-one story high, with porticos, and every convenience for those who
-inhabit them. Not far from Kingston stands Spanish Town, which, though
-at present far inferior to Kingston, was once the capital of Jamaica,
-and is still the seat of government.
-
-On the 3d of October, 1780, there was a dreadful hurricane, which
-overwhelmed the little seaport town of Savannah, in Jamaica, and part
-of the adjacent country; very few houses were left standing, and a
-great number of lives were lost; much damage was done also, and many
-lives lost, in other parts of the island.
-
-In January, 1823, a society was formed in London for mitigating and
-gradually abolishing slavery, throughout the British dominions, called
-the Anti-Slavery Society. His Royal Highness, the Duke of Gloucester,
-was President of the Society; in the list of Vice Presidents are the
-names of many of the most distinguished philanthropists of the day,
-and among them that of the never to be forgotten Mr. Wilberforce;
-as a bold champion, we see him going forward, pleading the cause of
-our down-trodden brethren. In the year 1834, it pleased God to break
-the chains from 800,000 human beings, that had been held in a state
-of personal slavery; and this great event was effected through the
-instrumentality of Clarkson, Wilberforce, and other philanthropists of
-the day.
-
-The population of Jamaica is nearly 400,000; that of Kingston,
-the capital, 40,000. There are many places of worship of various
-denominations, namely, Church of England, and of Scotland, Wesleyan,
-the Baptist, and Roman Catholics, besides a Jewish Synagogue. These
-all differ from what I have seen in New England, and from those I have
-seen elsewhere. The Baptist hold what they call class-meetings. They
-have men and women, deacons and deaconesses in these churches; these
-hold separate class-meetings; some of these can read, and some cannot.
-Such are the persons who hold the office of judges, and go round and
-urge the people to come to the class, and after they come in twice or
-three times, they are considered candidates for baptism. Some pay fifty
-cents, and some more, for being baptized; they receive a ticket as a
-passport into the church, paying one mark a quarter, or more, and some
-less, but nothing short of ten pence, that is, two English shillings
-a year. They must attend their class once a week, and pay three pence
-a week, total twelve English shillings a year, besides the sums they
-pay once a month at communion, after service in the morning. On those
-occasions the minister retires, and the deacons examine the people,
-to ascertain if each one has brought a ticket; if not, they cannot
-commune; after this the minister returns, and performs the ceremony,
-then they give their money and depart. The churches are very large,
-holding from four to six thousand; many bring wood and other presents
-to their class-leader, as a token of their attachment; where there are
-so many communicants, these presents, and the money exacted, greatly
-enrich these establishments. Communicants are so ignorant of the
-ordinance, that they join the church merely to have a decent burial;
-for if they are not members, none will follow them to the grave, and no
-prayers will be said over them; these are borne through the streets by
-four men, the coffin a rough box; not so if they are church members; as
-soon as the news is spread that one is dying, all the class, with their
-leader, will assemble at the place, and join in singing hymns; this,
-they say, is to help the spirit up to glory; this exercise sometimes
-continues all night, in so loud a strain, that it is seldom that any of
-the people in the neighborhood are lost in sleep.
-
-After leaving Jamaica, the vessel was tacked to a south-west course. I
-asked the Captain what this meant. He said he must take the current,
-as there was no wind. Without any ceremony, I told him it was not the
-case, and told the passengers that he had deceived us. There were two
-English men that were born on the island, that had never been on the
-water; before the third day passed, they asked the Captain why they had
-not seen Hayti. He told them they passed when they were asleep. I told
-them it was not true, he was steering south south-west. The passengers
-in the steerage got alarmed, and every one was asking the Captain what
-this meant. The ninth day we made land. "By ----," said the Captain,
-"this is Key West; come, passengers, let us have a vote to run over the
-neck, and I will go ashore and bring aboard fruit and turtle." They all
-agreed but myself. He soon dropped anchor. The officers from the shore
-came on board and congratulated him on keeping his appointment, thus
-proving that my suspicions were well founded. The Captain went ashore
-with these men, and soon came back, called for the passengers, and
-asked for their vote for him to remain until the next day, saying that
-he could, by this delay, make five or six hundred dollars, as there had
-been a vessel wrecked there lately. They all agreed but myself. The
-vessel was soon at the side of the wharf. In one hour there were twenty
-slaves at work to unload her; every inducement was made to persuade
-me to go ashore, or set my feet on the wharf. A law had just been
-passed there that every free colored person coming there, should be put
-in custody on their going ashore; there were five colored persons on
-board; none dared to go ashore, however uncomfortable we might be in
-the vessel, or however we might desire to refresh ourselves by a change
-of scene. We remained at Key West four days.
-
-September 3d we set sail for New York, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
-At 10 o'clock a gale took us, that continued thirty-six hours; my
-state-room was filled with water, and my baggage all upset; a woman,
-with her little boy, and myself, were seated on a trunk thirty-six
-hours, with our feet pressed against a barrel to prevent falling;
-the water pouring over us at every breaker. Wednesday, the 9th, the
-sun shone out, so that the Captain could take an observation. He
-found himself in great peril, near the coast of Texas. All hands were
-employed in pumping and bailing. On the eleventh, the New Orleans
-steamer came to our assistance; as we passed up the river, I was made
-to forget my own condition, as I looked with pity on the poor slaves,
-who were laboring and toiling, on either side, as far as could be seen
-with a glass. We soon reached the dock, and we were there on the old
-wreck a spectacle for observation; the whites went on shore and made
-themselves comfortable, while we poor blacks were obliged to remain
-on that broken, wet vessel. The people were very busy about me; one
-man asked me who I belonged to, and many other rude questions; he
-asked me where I was born; I told him Newburyport. "What were your
-parents' names?" I told him my father's name was Thomas Gardener; his
-countenance changed; said he, "I knew him well;" and he proved friendly
-to me. He appeared very kind, and offered to arrange my affairs so
-that I might return to New York through the States. I thought it best
-to decline his proposal, knowing my spirit would not suffer me to
-pass on, and see my fellow-creatures suffering without a rebuke. We
-remained four days on the wreck; the boxes that contained the sugar
-were taken out; the two bottom tiers were washed out clean. There were
-a great many people that came to see the vessel; they were astonished
-that she did not sink; they watched me very closely. I asked them what
-they wished. In the mean time, there came along a drove of colored
-people, fettered together in pairs by the wrist; some had weights,
-with long chains at their ankles, men and women, young and old. I
-asked them what that meant. They all were ready to answer. Said they,
-"these negroes have been impudent, and have stolen; some of them are
-free negroes from the northern ships;" "and what," I asked, "are they
-there for?" "For being on shore, some of them at night." I asked them
-who made them Lord over God's inheritance. They told me I was very
-foolish; they should think I had suffered enough to think of myself.
-I looked pretty bad, it is true; I was seated on a box, but poorly
-dressed; the mate had taken my clothes to a washer-woman; why he took
-this care, he was afraid to send the cook or steward on shore, as they
-were colored people. I kept still; but the other woman seemed to be in
-perfect despair, running up and down the deck, ringing her hands and
-crying, at the thought of all her clothes being destroyed; then her
-mind dwelt upon other things, and she seemed as if she were deranged;
-she took their attention for a few minutes, as she was white. Soon the
-washer-woman came with my clothes; they spoke to her as if she had
-been a dog. I looked at them with as much astonishment as if I had
-never heard of such a thing. I asked them if they believed there was
-a God. "Of course we do," they replied. "Then why not obey him?" "We
-do." "You do not; permit me to say there is a God, and a just one,
-that will bring you all to account." "For what?" "For suffering these
-men that have just come in to be taken out of these vessels, and that
-awful sight I see in the streets." "O that is nothing; I should think
-you would be concerned about yourself." "I am sure," I replied, "the
-Lord will take care of me; you cannot harm me." "No, we do not wish
-to; we do not want you here." Every ship that comes in, the colored
-men are dragged to prison. I found it necessary to be stern with them;
-they were very rude; if I had not been so, I know not what would have
-been the consequences. They went off for that day; the next day some
-of them came again. "Good morning," said they; "we shall watch you
-like the d---- until you go away; you must not say any thing to these
-negroes whilst you are here." "Why, then, do you talk to me, if you
-do not want me to say any thing to you? If you will let me alone, I
-will you." "Let me see your protection," they replied, "they say it is
-under the Russian government." I pointed them to the eighteenth chapter
-of Revelations and fifteenth verse: "The merchants of these things
-which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off, for the fear of her
-torment, weeping and wailing. For strong is the Lord God who judgeth
-her." They made no answer, but asked the Captain how soon he should
-get away.
-
-On the 17th, the Captain put eight of us on board the bark H. W. Tyler,
-for New York; we had about a mile to walk; the Captain was in honor
-bound to return us our passage money, which we had paid him at Jamaica;
-he came without it to see if we were there, and went away saying he
-would soon return with it; but we saw no more of him or our money! Our
-bark, and a vessel loaded with slaves, were towed down the river by the
-same steamer; we dropped anchor at the bottom of the bay, as a storm
-was rising. The 18th, on Sabbath, it rained all day. Captain Tyler
-knocked at my door, wishing me to come out; it rained hard; the bulwork
-of the bark was so high I could not look over it; he placed something
-for me to stand on, that I might see the awful sight, which was the
-vessel of slaves laying at the side of our ship; the deck was full of
-young men, girls and children, bound to Texas for sale! Monday, the
-19th, Captain Tyler demanded of us to pay him for our passage. I had
-but ten dollars, and was determined not to give it; he was very severe
-with all. I told him there were articles enough to pay him belonging
-to me. Those who had nothing, were obliged to go back in the steamer.
-Tuesday, the 20th, we set sail; the storm was not over. The 22d the
-gale took us; we were dismasted, and to save sinking, sixty casks of
-molasses were stove in, and holes cut in the bulworks to let it off;
-all the fowls, pigs, and fresh provisions, were lost. We were carried
-seventy-five miles up the bay of Mexico. The Captain was determined not
-to pay the steamer for carrying him back to New Orleans, and made his
-way the best he could.
-
-The 3d of October we arrived again at Key West. The Captain got the
-bark repaired, and took on board a number of turtles, and a plenty of
-brandy. Friday, the 7th, set sail for New York; the Captain asked me
-why I did not go ashore when there in the Comet; "had you," said he,
-"they intended to beat you. John and Lucy Davenport, of Salem, laid
-down the first ten dollars towards a hundred for that person who should
-get you there." The Florida laws are about the same as those at New
-Orleans. He was very talkative; wished to know if I saw any thing of
-the Creole's crew while at Jamaica. I told him they were all safe, a
-fine set of young men and women; one dear little girl, that was taken
-from her mother in Virginia, I should have taken with me, if I had had
-the money. He said his brother owned the Creole, and some of the slaves
-were his. "I never owned any; I have followed the sea all my life, and
-can tell every port and town in your State."
-
-October 19th, 1842, arrived at New York, and thankful was I to set my
-feet on land, almost famished for the want of food; we lost all of our
-provisions; nothing was left but sailors' beef, and that was tainted
-before it was salted. I went at once to those who professed to be
-friends, but found myself mistaken. I hardly knew what was best. I had
-put up at Mrs. Raweses; she did all she could to raise the twenty-five
-dollars that I must pay before I could take my baggage from the vessel.
-This seemed hard to obtain; I travelled from one to another for three
-days; at last I called at the Second Advent office; Mr. Nath'l Southard
-left his business at once, and took me to Mr. Lewis Tappan and others;
-they raised the money, and went with me to the ship after my baggage.
-It was three o'clock on Saturday afternoon when I called on Mr.
-Southard; the vessel and Captain belonged to Virginia, was all ready
-for sea, waiting for a wind; they had ransacked my things. I took from
-Jamaica forty dollar's worth of preserved fruits; part were lost when
-we were cast away in the Cornet, and some they had stolen. At eight
-o'clock on Saturday evening, I made out to have my things landed on the
-wharf; it was very dark, as it rained hard. My kind friend did not
-leave me until they were all safely lodged at my residence. I boarded
-there three weeks, thinking to come home; but it was thought best for
-me to wait, and see if Captain Miner came or not, hoping that I might
-recover my loss through him. I took a room and went to sewing, and
-found the people very kind.
-
-February, 1843, the colored men that went back to New Orleans, for
-the want of passage money, arrived at New York, wearied out. All the
-white people remained there. I waited in New York until the last of
-July, when I started for Boston. August 1st, 1843, arrived, poor in
-health and poor in purse, having sacrificed both, hoping to benefit
-my fellow-creatures. I trust it was acceptable to God, who in his
-providence preserved me in perils by land and perils by sea.
-
-
- "God moves in a mysterious way
- His wonders to perform;
- He plants his footsteps on the sea,
- And rides upon the storm.
-
- "Deep in unfathomable mines
- Of never-failing skill,
- He treasures up his bright designs,
- And works his sovereign will."
-
-
-Having lost all, I determined, by the help of God, to leave the event;
-some of my friends in this city sympathized with me, and others took
-the advantage to reproach me. But in the hands of the Lord there
-is a cup; the Saviour drank it to the dregs. They gather themselves
-together; they hide themselves; they mark my steps; they waited for my
-soul, but the Lord is my defence, the Holy One of Israel is my Saviour.
-I'll trust him for strength and defence. What things were gain to me,
-I counted loss for Christ, for whom I have suffered all things; and
-do count them nothing, that I may win Christ and be found in him, not
-having mine own righteousness, which is of the Lord, but that which
-is through the faith of Christ, that which is of God by faith, that I
-may know him, and the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of
-his sufferings, being made conformable unto his death, strengthened
-with all might, according to his glorious power, unto all patience and
-long-suffering, with joyfulness, thinking it not strange concerning
-the fiery trials, as though some strange thing happened; for saith the
-apostle, it is better if the will of God so be that ye suffer for well
-doing, than for evil; they think it strange that ye run not with them
-to the same excess of riot, speaking evil of you. If they do these
-things in a green tree, what shall be done in a dry?
-
-
- "I hate to walk, I hate to sit
- With men of vanity and lies;
- The scoffer and the hypocrite
- Are the abhorrence of my eyes.
-
- God knows their impious thoughts are vain,
- And they shall feel his power;
- His wrath shall pierce their souls with pain,
- In some surprising hour."
-
-
-The first twenty months after my arrival in the city, notwithstanding
-my often infirmities, I labored with much success, until I hired with
-and from those whom I mostly sympathized with, and shared in common the
-disadvantages and stigma that is heaped upon us, in this our professed
-Christian land. But my lot was like the man that went down from
-Jerusalem and fell among thieves, which stripped him of his raiment,
-and wounding him departed, leaving him half dead. What I did not lose
-when cast away, has been taken from my room where I hired. Three times
-I had been broken up in business, embarrassed and obliged to move, when
-not able to wait on myself. This has been my lot. In the midst of my
-afflictions, sometimes I have thought my case like that of Paul's, when
-cast among wild beasts. "Had not the Lord been on my side, they would
-have swallowed me up; but blessed be the Lord who hath not given me a
-prey to their teeth."
-
-In 1848 and '49, the Lord was pleased to lay his hand upon me. Some
-of my friends came to my relief; but the promises of God were neither
-few nor small; he knows them that trust and fear him, and in his
-providence had reserved the good Samaritan. One of my unretired friends
-made my case known to the Rev. Dr. Bigelow and wife, who sought me out
-in my distress. I shall not soon forget the morning she came to me,
-with an expression of love and kindness, wishing to know my case. Mrs.
-Bigelow was the daughter of Captain Theodore Stanwood, of Gloucester,
-whom Mr. Prince sailed with as steward the first time he went to
-Russia. Mrs. B. is one of the kind friends I speak of, when carried
-to Gloucester sick, in 1814; she was then a little miss. A friend of
-mine lived with her mother; she used to say that Amelia would not rest,
-when she came from school, till she had something to bring to my mother
-and me. Mrs. Bigelow and family were very kind, doing all in their
-power to make me comfortable, and even moved me from the house of the
-tyrant that I then hired from, and raised me up other kind friends;
-and, with the blessing of God and the counsel of Dr. Grey, my health is
-much improved. "I am as a wonder unto many, but the Lord is my strong
-refuge." Underneath him is the everlasting arm of mercy; misfortune is
-never mournful for the soul that accepts it, for such do always see
-that every cloud is an angel's face; sorrow connects the soul with the
-invisible.
-
-O Father, fearful indeed is this world's pilgrimage, when the soul has
-learned that all its sounds are echos, all its sights are shadows. But
-lo! a cloud opens, a face serene and hopeful looks forth and saith,
-"Be thou as a little child, and thus shalt thou become a seraph, and
-bow thyself in silent humility and pray, not that afflictions might
-not visit, but be willing to be purified through fire, and accept it
-meekly."
-
-
-
-
-DIVINE CONTENTMENT.
-
-_Advancement of Faith is Necessary._
-
-
-All our disquietnesses do issue immediately from unbelief. It is this
-that raiseth the storm of discontent in the heart. Oh, set faith at
-work! It is the property of faith to silence our doubtings, to scatter
-our fears, to still the heart when the passions are up. Faith works the
-heart to a sweet serene composure: it is not having food and raiment,
-but having faith, which will make us content. Faith chides down
-passion; when Reason begins to swim, let Faith swim.
-
-_Quest._ How doth Faith work contentment?
-
-_Answ._ 1. Faith shows the soul that whatever its trials are, yet it is
-from the hand of a kind Father: it is indeed a bitter cup; but "shall I
-not drink the cup which my Father hath given me to drink?" (John xviii.
-11.) It is love to my soul; God _corrects_ with the same love that he
-_crowns_ me. God is now training me up for heaven; he carves me, to
-make me a polished pillar, fit to stand in the heavenly mansion. These
-sufferings bring forth patience, humility, even the peaceable fruits of
-righteousness, Heb. xii. 11. And if God can bring such sweet fruit out
-of a sour stock, let him graft me where he please. Thus faith brings
-the heart to holy contentment.
-
-2. Faith sucks the honey of contentment out of the hive of the
-Promise.[A] Christ is the Vine, the promises are the clusters of
-grapes that grow upon this Vine; and Faith presseth the sweet vine of
-contentment out of these spiritual clusters of the promises. I will
-show you but one cluster,--The Lord will give grace and glory, and
-no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly; (Psal.
-lxxxiv. 11,) here is enough for faith to live upon. The Promise is
-the flower out of which Faith distils the spirits and quintessence of
-divine contentment. In a word, Faith carries up the soul, and makes it
-aspire after more noble and generous delights than earth affords, and
-to live in the world above the world. Would you lead contented lives,
-live up to the height of your faith.
-
-
-_Breath after Assurance._
-
-Oh, let us get the interest cleared between God and our own souls!
-Interest is a word much in use; a pleasing word: interest in great
-friends, interest-money. Oh, if there be an interest worth looking
-after, it is an interest between God and the soul. Labor to say with
-Thomas, my Lord and my God. To be without money and without friends,
-and without God too, (Eph. ii. 12,) is said; but he whose faith doth
-flourish into assurance, that can say, with St. Paul--I know in whom
-I have believed, (2 Tim. i. 12.) Be assured that man hath enough to
-give his heart contentment. When a man's debts are paid, and he can go
-abroad without fear of arresting, what contentment is this! Oh, let
-your title be cleared! if God be ours, whatever we want in the creature
-is infinitely made up in him. Do I want bread? I have Christ, the Bread
-of Life. Am I under defilement? His blood is like the trees of the
-sanctuary; not only for meat, but medicine, Ezek. xlvii. 12. If any
-thing in the world is worth laboring for, it is to get sound evidences
-that God is ours. If this be once cleared, what can come amiss? No
-matter what storms I meet with, so that I know where to put in for
-harbor. He that hath God to be his God, is so well contented with
-his condition, that he doth not much care whether he hath any thing
-else. To rest in a condition where a Christian cannot say God is his
-God, is a matter of _fear_: and if he can say so truly, and yet is not
-contented, is matter of _shame_. David encouraged himself in the Lord
-his God. Although it was sad with him, (1 Sam. xxx. 62.) Ziklag was
-burnt, his wives taken captive, he lost all, and had like to have lost
-his soldiers' hearts too--for they spake of stoning him--yet he had the
-ground of contentment within him, viz., an interest in God; and this
-was a pillar of supportment to his spirit. He that knows God is his,
-and that all that is in God is for his good; if this doth not satisfy,
-I know nothing will.
-
-
-_Pray for an Humble Spirit._
-
-The humble man is the contented man: if his estate be low, his heart
-is lower than his estate; therefore he is contented. If his esteem is
-the world below, he that is little in his own eyes, will not be much
-troubled to be little in the eyes of others. He hath a meaner opinion
-of himself, than others can have of him. The humble man studies his
-own unworthiness; he looks upon himself as less than the least of
-God's mercies, (Gen. xxxii. 10,) and then a little will content him.
-He cries out with Paul, that he is the chief of sinners, (1 Tim.
-i. 15,) therefore doth not murmur, but admire: he doth not say his
-comforts are small, but his sins are great. He thinks it a mercy he is
-out of hell; therefore, is contented. He doth not go to carve out a
-more happy condition to himself; he knows the worst piece God cuts him
-is better than he deserves. A proud man is never contented; he is one
-that hath an high opinion of himself; therefore, under small blessings
-is disdainful, under small crosses impatient. The humble spirit is
-the contented spirit; if his cross be light, he reckons it in the
-inventory of his mercies; if it be heavy, yet takes it upon his knees,
-knowing that when his estate is bad, it is to make him the better.
-Where you lay humility for the foundation, contentment will be the
-superstructure, and Christ the topstone.
-
-
-_Keep a clear Conscience._ 1 Tim. iii. 9.
-
-Contentment is the _manna_ that is laid up in the ark of a good
-conscience. Oh, take heed of indulging any sin! It is as natural for
-guilt to breed disquietude, as for the earth to breed worms. Sin lies
-like Jonah in the ship, it raises a tempest. If dust or motes be
-gotten into the eye, they make the eye water, and cause a soreness
-in it; if the eye be clear, then it is free from that soreness. If
-sin be gotten into the conscience, which is as the eye of the soul,
-then grief and disquiet breed there: but keep the eye of conscience
-clear, and all is well. What Solomon saith of a good stomach, I may
-say of a good conscience (Prov. xxvii. 7.) To the hungry soul every
-bitter thing is sweet; so to a good conscience every bitter thing is
-sweet; it can pick contentment out of the Cross. A good conscience
-turns the waters of Marah into wine. Would you have a quiet heart?
-Get a smiling conscience. I wonder not to hear Paul say, he was in
-every state content; when he could make that triumph--I have lived in
-all good conscience unto this day, Acts, xxiii. 1. When once a man's
-reckonings are clear, it must needs let in abundance of contentment
-into the heart. A good conscience can suck contentment out of the
-bitterest drug: under slanders--This is our rejoicing, the testimony
-of our conscience, 2 Cor. i. 12. In case of imprisonment, Paul had
-his prison-songs, and could play the sweet lesson of contentment when
-his feet were in the stocks, Acts xvi. 24. Augustine calls it the
-paradise of a good conscience. When the times are troublesome, a good
-conscience makes a calm: if conscience be clear, what though the days
-be cloudy?... Oh, keep conscience clear, and you shall never want
-contentment!
-
-
- THE HIDING PLACE.
-
- Amid this world's tumultuous noise,
- For peace my soul to Jesus flies;
- If I've an interest in his grace,
- I want no other hiding place.
-
- The world with all its charms is vain,
- Its wealth and honors I disdain;
- All its extensive aims embrace,
- Can ne'er afford a hiding place.
-
- A guilty sinful heart is mine,
- Jesus, unbounded love is thine!
- When I behold thy smiling face,
- Tis then I see my hiding place.
-
- To save, if once my Lord engage,
- The world may laugh, and Satan rage:
- The powers of hell can ne'er erase
- My name from God's own hiding place.
-
- I'm in a wilderness below,
- Lord, guide me all my journey through,
- Plainly let me thy footsteps trace,
- Which lead to heaven my hiding place.
-
- Should dangers thick impede my course,
- O let my soul sustain no loss;
- Help me to run the Christian race,
- And enter safe my hiding place.
-
- Then with enlarged powers,
- I'll triumph in redeeming love,
- Eternal ages will I praise
- My Lord for such a hiding place.
-
-
-FOOTNOTE:
-
-[A] 'Tis a comfortable thought that the promises of God are
-all given for the express purpose that we may have great and strong
-consolations, who make our duty and our privilege to be found pleading
-them at the throne of grace;
-
-
- O then be earnest, take no nay,
- He'll answer every good desire;
- Give him your hearts, though cold as clay,
- They'll melt like wax before the fire.
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE AND TRAVELS
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- The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Narrative of Life and Travels, by Nancy Prince.
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-<body>
-<pre style='margin-bottom:6em;'>The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs.
-Nancy Prince, by Nancy Gardner Prince
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this ebook.
-
-Title: A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs. Nancy Prince
-
-Author: Nancy Gardner Prince
-
-Release Date: October 30, 2020 [EBook #63579]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-Produced by: Mary Glenn Krause, Martin Pettit and the Online
- Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
- file was produced from images generously made available by The
- Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE AND
-TRAVELS OF MRS. NANCY PRINCE ***
-</pre>
-<div class ="mynote"><p class="center">Transcriber's Note:<br /><br />
-Obvious typographic errors have been corrected.<br /></p></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="center"><img src="images/front.jpg" alt="front" /></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="center"><img src="images/title.jpg" alt="title page" /></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
-
-<h1>A<br /><br /> NARRATIVE<br /><br /> OF THE<br /><br /> LIFE AND TRAVELS,<br /><br /> OF
-<br /><br /> MRS. NANCY PRINCE.</h1>
-
-<hr class="smler" />
-
-<p class="bold space-above">BOSTON:<br />PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR.<br />1850. </p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="center">Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1850,<br />BY NANCY PRINCE,<br />
-In the Clerk's office of the District court of Massachusetts.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
-
-<hr class="smler" />
-
-<table summary="CONTENTS">
- <tr>
- <td class="left">A Sketch of the Early Life of Nancy Prince,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Marriage and Voyage to Russia,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Mr. Prince,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Manners and Customs of the Russians,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">The Events that took Place During Nine Years residence in St. Petersburg, &nbsp; &nbsp;</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Her Voyage Home,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Her Voyage and Business to the West Indies,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Her Errand Home, and Success,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Her Return Back, and State of things at that Time,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Description of the Country,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Embarkment again Home, and Deception of the Captain,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Cast away at Key West,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Arrival at New Orleans,&mdash;Scenes witnessed while there,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="left">Departure from New Orleans, and arrival at New York,</td>
- <td><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>NARRATIVE.</h2>
-
-<hr class="smler" />
-
-<p>As my unprofitable life has been spared, and I have been, by the
-providence of God, wonderfully preserved, it is with gratitude to my
-Heavenly Father, and duty to myself, that I attempt to give to the
-public a short narrative of my life and travels.</p>
-
-<p>I was born in Newburyport, in 1799. My mother was the daughter of
-Tobias Wornton, who was stolen from Africa, when a lad, and was a
-slave of Capt. Winthrop Sargent; and, although a slave, he fought for
-liberty, and was in the Revolutionary army at the battle of Bunker
-Hill. My grandmother was an Indian. My father, Thomas Gardener, was
-born on Nantucket; his parents were of African descent, and he died
-of bleeding at the lungs, leaving my mother a widow the second time,
-with an infant in her arms. She then returned to Gloucester, her native
-place. My mother soon married again her third husband, by whom she
-had six <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>children. My step-father was stolen from Africa, and while
-the vessel was at anchor in one of the Eastern ports, he succeeded
-in making his escape from his captors by swimming ashore. After a
-lapse of two years he came to Gloucester, and followed the sea, and
-was twelve years with Capt. Elias Davis, in the employ of Capt. Fitz
-W. Sargent. During the war he was taken by a British Privateer, and
-pressed into their service. He was sick with the dropsy a long while,
-and died in 1813. My mother was again left a widow, with an infant
-six weeks old. When she heard of her husband's death, she replied, "I
-thought it; what shall I do with these children?" Her grief, poverty,
-and responsibilities, were too much for her; she never was the mother
-that she had been before. I was at this time in Capt. Sargent's family.
-I shall never forget the feelings I experienced on hearing of the
-decease of my father-in-law; he was never very kind to the first set
-of children. But by industry, a humble home was provided for my mother
-and younger children. Death had twice visited our family within three
-months, my father having buried my grandfather before he sailed. I
-thought I would go home a little while, and try to comfort my mother.
-The three oldest children were put into families. My brother and myself
-went out of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> town, in one family, where we staid until the war was
-over. We often went home with our wages, and all the comforts we could
-get; but we could not approach our mother as we wished. God in mercy
-took one little brother of seven years, who had pined in consumption;
-thus our family was scattered. I determined to get more for my labor,
-and I left Essex and went to Salem, in 1814, to service in a family.
-I had always enjoyed the happy privilege of religious instruction. My
-dear grandfather was a member of a Congregational Church, and a good
-man; he always attended church in the morning, and took us with him;
-and in the afternoon he took care of the smaller children, while my
-mother attended with her little group. He thought it wrong for us to
-go to a school where the teacher was not devoted to God, for I early
-knew the difference between right and wrong. They had family prayers
-morning and evening. I often looked at them, and thought to myself,
-"Is this your religion?" I did not wonder that the girl who had lived
-there previous to myself, went home to die. There were seven in the
-family; two of them being sick, one with a fever and the other in a
-consumption, of course the work must have been very severe, especially
-the washing. Sabbath evening I had to prepare for the wash. I was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
-then but fourteen years of age, and a stranger. I was called up at
-two o'clock in the morning, and what embittered my heavy task, I was
-not spoken kindly to, but was blamed for being slow, and for not
-performing my work well. Hard labor and unkindness were too much for
-me, and in three months my health and strength were gone. I went home
-to Gloucester in their chaise. I found my mother in poor health, but
-through the mercy of God, and the attention and skill of Dr. Dale, and
-the kindness of friends, I was restored, so that in a few months I
-was able again to go to work, although my side afflicted me, which I
-attributed to over-working myself.</p>
-
-<p>In 1815 I returned to Salem, accompanied by my eldest sister, and
-obtained good places. She afterwards returned to Boston as a nursery
-girl, where she lived a few months, and was deluded away on February
-7th of 1815. A friend came to Salem and informed me of it. Her death
-would not have been so painful to me. We loved each other very much,
-and more particularly as our step-father was not very kind to us; we
-used to say as soon as we were large enough we would go away, as we
-did. It was very cold, but notwithstanding, I was so distressed about
-my sister, that I started on foot the next morning after I heard
-of it. At Lynn Hotel we refreshed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> ourselves, and all seemed much
-interested about me. Two women took me aside, and inquired how it was
-I was with that woman. I told my reason. My companion had a little
-son of hers in her arms. By the time we were seven miles from Salem,
-cold and fatigued, I could walk no farther, and we hired a horse and
-sleigh, and a man to drive us to Boston, where we arrived at seven
-in the evening. I put up with a friend of mine, who lived in Bedford
-street, who received me very kindly. My feet, hands, and ears, were all
-frost-bitten. I needed all the hospitality that was extended to me. I
-was young and inexperienced, but my object was hallowed. God chooses
-in his wisdom the weak things of earth; without his aid how could I
-ever have rescued my lost sister! Mr. Brown, when he learned my errand,
-kindly offered to assist me. He found where my sister resided, and
-taking with him a large cane, he accompanied me to the house. My sister
-I found seated, with a number of others, round a fire, the mother of
-harlots at the head. My sister did not see me until I clasped her
-round the neck. The old woman flew at me, and bid me take my hands off
-of her. Mr. Brown defended me with his cane from her attacks. There
-were many men as well as girls there, and all was confusion. When my
-sister came to herself, she<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> looked upon me. I said, "Sylvia, my dear
-sister, what are you here for? Will you go with me?" The enraged old
-woman cried out, "No, she cannot go." Sylvia replied, "I will go." Then
-followed a scene. The old woman seized her to drag her down into the
-kitchen; I held on to her, while Mr. Brown, at my side, so used his
-great cane, and so threatened her, that she was obliged to let her go;
-and, after collecting her things, she left the house with Mr. Brown and
-myself.</p>
-
-<p>The next day we started for Salem, and went to the stage-office;
-we expected Mr. Low, the driver of the Gloucester stage, who knew
-us as his towns-people, would let us take passage with him without
-any difficulty; but he refused, unless we would ride upon the top.
-It was very cold, and we had never rode in that way; his inhumanity
-grieves me even now. I had sent my mother my wages the week before,
-and what money I had, I had taken in advance of my employers. We were
-greatly embarrassed, when a colored man, unknown to us, penetrated
-our difficulties, and asked us if we had two dollars; we told him we
-had; he very kindly took us to another stage-office, and we bargained
-for a horse and sleigh to take us to Salem, where we arrived safely
-in about two hours and a half; and we gave<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> up our conveyance to the
-same owners, with ten thousand thanks to our colored friend, and to
-our Heavenly Father; for had we attempted to walk, we must have frozen
-by the way. The lady I lived with (Mrs. John Deland,) received us very
-kindly, and permitted my sister to remain with me awhile; then she
-returned to Gloucester, to the family who brought her up, and I thought
-we had gained a great victory.</p>
-
-<p>My brother George and myself were very desirous of making our mother
-comfortable; he went to sea for that purpose. The next April I came
-to Boston, to get a higher price for my labor, for we had agreed to
-maintain our mother, and we hoped she would take our little brother,
-who was supported by the town, and take care of him. George came home,
-and sailed again in the same vessel, leaving her a drawbill of half
-of his wages. My sister returned to Boston to find me, and wished to
-procure a place to work out. She tried me much. I thought it a needy
-time, for I had not yielded my heart to the will of God, though I had
-many impressions, and formed many resolutions; but the situation that I
-had been placed in, having left my mother's home at the age of eight,
-had not permitted me to do as I wished, though the kind counsels of my
-dear grandfather and pious teachers followed me<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> wherever I went. Care
-after care oppressed me; my mother wandered about like a Jew; the young
-children who were in families were dissatisfied; all hope but in God
-was lost. I then resolved in my mind to seek an interest in my Saviour,
-and put my trust in him. For that purpose I changed my place for one
-more retired, got my sister with me, and then God blessed my soul;
-being justified by faith, I found peace with God, even the forgiveness
-of sins, through Jesus Christ. After living sixteen years and five
-months without any hope, myself and seven others were baptized, in
-obedience to the great command.</p>
-
-<p>My brother George returned home, and we again provided a home for
-mother and the little ones; he went to sea, and affairs now seemed
-to promise comfort and respectability. But mother chose to marry
-again; this was like death to us all. George returned home, but was so
-disappointed, that he shipped again to come no more. Although a boy of
-sixteen years, he was as steady and capable as most men at twenty. My
-cares were consequently increased, having no one to share them with me.
-My next brother, who lived in S. Essex, came to Salem to his mother,
-but was driven away by her husband, and came to me. I carried him to
-Gloucester, and left him in the hands of the town; but he stayed but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>
-three weeks, and returned to me again. I then boarded him for one
-dollar a week, until I could procure suitable employment.</p>
-
-<p>When winter came, poor mother's health was declining; little Samuel
-could do but little; my father-in-law was very cross, for he expected
-to be supported by my brother George. I could not see my mother suffer;
-I therefore left my place and went to Salem, to watch over her and
-Samuel, and lived with the Rev. Dr. Boles's family. In the spring I
-returned to Boston, and took my brother with me. Soon after, my sister
-Lucy left her place and went to her mother, but was not permitted to
-stay. My mother wrote to me, requesting me to take care of her. I
-then determined in my mind to bring her to Boston, and, if possible,
-procure a place for her; and on her arrival, I obtained board for her
-and Samuel at a friend's, for one dollar a week. My brother John, that
-I had boarded, at last got a place where he had wages; soon the Lord
-opened a way for little Samuel. Dr. Phelps took him to bring up, so
-that I was left with one only to sustain. Soon my hopes were blasted.
-John left his place, and was several months on my hands again; finally,
-he made up his mind to go to sea. I was so thankful that he had
-concluded to do something, that I took two month's wages in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> advance to
-fit him out for Liverpool. In five months he returned, without a single
-thing but what he stood in; his wages were small, not enough to render
-him comfortable; had not a friend given him a home, he would have been
-again dependent on my exertions. Another friend took Lucy, with whom
-she staid eleven months; she continued in different families for some
-time, till she was about twelve. I left her at the Rev. Mr. Mann's
-family, at Westminster, for a certain time, thinking it would be best
-for her, and John I left to fight his own battles. My sister Sylvia was
-one of my greatest trials. Knowing she was in Boston, my mother, in one
-of her spells of insanity, got away from her home, and travelled here
-after her. She came where I lived. My employers were very kind to her.
-After tarrying a few days with me, I hired a horse and chaise, and took
-them both back to Salem; and returned back to my place in 1822, with a
-determination to do something for myself. I left my place after three
-months, and went to learn a trade; and, after seven years of anxiety
-and toil, I made up my mind to leave this country.</p>
-
-<p>September 1st, 1823, Mr. Prince arrived from Russia; February 15th, I
-was married; April 14th, embarked in brig Romulus, arrived at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> Elsinore
-May 24th, left the same day for Copenhagen, where we remained twelve
-days. We visited the King's Palace, and several other extensive and
-beautiful buildings. We attended a number of entertainments among the
-Danes and English, which were religiously observed; their manners
-and customs are similar; they are very attentive to strangers; the
-Sabbath is strictly observed; the principal religion is the Lutheran
-and Calvinistic, but all persuasions are tolerated. The languages of
-that people are Dutch, French, English, &amp;c. The Danes are very modest
-and kind, but, like all other nations, they well know how to take the
-advantage. I left there the 7th of June, and arrived at Cronstradt on
-the 19th; left there the 21st for St. Petersburg, and in a few hours
-were happy to find ourselves at our place of destination, through
-the blessing of God, in good health, and soon made welcome from all
-quarters. We took lodgings with a Mrs. Robinson, a native of our
-country, who was Patience Mott, of Providence, who left there in the
-year 1813, in the family of Alexander Gabriel, the man who was taken
-for Mr. Prince. There I spent six weeks very pleasantly, visiting and
-receiving friends, after the manner of the country. We then commenced
-housekeeping. While there I attended two of their parties;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> there were
-various amusements in which I did not participate, which caused them
-much disappointment. I told them my religion did not allow of dancing
-or dice playing, which formed part of the amusements. As they were very
-strict in their religion, they indulged me in the same privilege. By
-the help of God I was ever enabled to maintain my stand.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Prince was born in Marlborough, and lived in families in this
-city. In 1810 he went to Gloucester, and sailed with Captain Theodore
-Stanwood for Russia; he returned with him, and remained in his family,
-and at this time visited my mother's family. He again sailed with
-him, in 1812, for the last time. Captain Stanwood took with him his
-son Theodore, for the purpose of attending school in the city of St.
-Petersburg. Mr. Prince went to serve Princess Purtossozof, one of the
-noble ladies of Court. It is well known that the color of one's skin
-does not prohibit from any place or station that he or she may be
-capable of occupying.</p>
-
-<p>The Palace, where the Emperor resides, is called the Court, the seat
-of government. This magnificent building is adorned with all the
-ornaments that possibly can be explained; there are hundreds of people
-that inhabit it, besides the soldiers that guard. There are several
-of these<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> splendid edifices in the city and vicinity. The one that I
-was presented in, was in a village, three miles from the city. After
-leaving the carriage, we entered the first ward; the usual salutation
-by guards was performed. As we passed through the beautiful hall, a
-door was opened by two colored men, in official dress, and there stood
-the Emperor Alexander on his throne, in royal apparel. The throne is
-circular, elevated two steps from the floor, and covered with scarlet
-velvet tasseled with gold. As I entered, the Emperor stepped forward
-with great politeness and condescension, and welcomed and asked me
-several questions; he then accompanied us to the Empress Elizabeth;
-she stood in her dignity, and received me in the same manner. They
-presented me with a gold watch, and fifty dollars in gold.</p>
-
-<p>The number of colored men that filled this station was twenty; when one
-dies, the number is immediately made up. Mr. Prince filled the place
-of one that had died. They serve in turns, four at a time, except on
-some great occasions, when all are employed. Provision is made for the
-families within or without the Palace. Those without go to Court at 8
-o'clock in the morning; after breakfasting, they take their station in
-the halls, for the purpose of opening the doors, at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> signal given, when
-the Emperor and Empress pass.</p>
-
-<p>First of August we visited the burying-ground, where the people meet,
-as they say, to pay respect to their dead. It is a great holiday; they
-drink and feast on the grave stones, or as near the grave as they
-can come; some groan and pray, and some have music and dancing. At a
-funeral no one attends except the invited; after the friends arrive,
-a dish of rice boiled hard, with raisins, is handed round; all are
-to take a spoonful, with the same spoon, and out of the same dish;
-in the meanwhile the priest, with his clerk, performs the ceremony,
-perfuming the room with incense. The lid is not put on to the coffin,
-the corpse being laid out in his or her best dress. The torch-men (who
-are dressed in black garments, made to slope down to their feet, with
-broad brimmed hats that cover their shoulders,) form a procession,
-with lighted torches in their hands, bowing their heads as they pass
-along very gravely; then comes one more, with the lid on his head; then
-the hearse with the corpse, drawn by four horses, covered with black
-gowns down to their feet; they all move along with great solemnity.
-Before entering the grave-yard, the procession goes to an adjoining
-church, where there are many ladies, placed on benches, side<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> by side,
-according to their ages; the ladies dressed as if they were going to
-a ball-room, displaying a most dreadful appearance. Each one has her
-hands crossed, and holding in one of them a pass to give to Peter, that
-they may enter into Heaven. At this place they light their candles, and
-receive their rice in the manner before mentioned. The top is then put
-on to the coffin, and the procession forms and repairs to the grave;
-the priest sanctifies the grave, then casts in dust, and the coffin is
-consigned to its narrow-house; then commence the yells; they drink, eat
-cake, black bread, and finish their rice, when the party return back
-to dinner, where every thing has been prepared during their absence.
-This is the Greek mode of burying their dead. On the birth of a child,
-the babe is not dressed until it is baptized; it is immersed all over
-in water; a stand, with an oval basin, is brought for the purpose by
-the clerk. The mother is presented with gifts, which are placed under
-her pillow. Should the babe die before this rite is performed, it is
-not placed with the others; but should it die having been baptized,
-although not more than two hours old, it is dressed and placed on the
-bench at church with the rest. In this manner the common people bury
-their dead.</p>
-
-<p>When any of the Imperial family dies, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> are laid in state forty
-days, and every thing accordingly. There is a building built expressly
-for the Imperial families, where their remains are deposited. In the
-front part of it, the criminals that have rebelled against the Imperial
-family are placed in cells, thus combining the prison and the tomb; and
-in sailing by, these miserable creatures are exposed to the careless
-gaze of unfeeling observers.</p>
-
-<p>St. Petersburg was inundated October 9th, 1824. The water rose sixteen
-feet in most parts of the city; many of the inhabitants were drowned.
-An Island between the city and Cronstradt, containing five hundred
-inhabitants, was inundated, and all were drowned, and great damage was
-done at Cronstradt. The morning of this day was fair; there was a high
-wind. Mr. Prince went early to the Palace, as it was his turn to serve;
-our children boarders were gone to school; our servant had gone of an
-errand. I heard a cry, and to my astonishment, when I looked out to
-see what was the matter, the waters covered the earth. I had not then
-learned the language, but I beckoned to the people to come in; the
-waters continued to rise until 10 o'clock, A. M. The waters were then
-within two inches of my window, when they ebbed and went out as fast
-as they had come in, leaving to our view a dreadful<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> sight. The people
-who came into my house for their safety retired, and I was left alone.
-At four o'clock in the afternoon, there was darkness that might be
-felt, such as I had never experienced before. My situation was the more
-painful being alone, and not being able to speak. I waited until ten in
-the evening; I then took a lantern, and started to go to a neighbor's,
-whose children went to the same school with my boarders. I made my
-way through a long yard, over the bodies of men and beasts, and when
-opposite their gate I sunk; I made one grasp, and the earth gave away;
-I grasped again, and fortunately got hold of the leg of a horse, that
-had been drowned. I drew myself up covered with mire, and made my way
-a little further, when I was knocked down by striking against a boat,
-that had been washed up and left by the retiring waters; and as I had
-lost my lantern, I was obliged to grope my way as I could, and feeling
-along the walk, I at last found the door that I aimed at. My family
-were safe, and they accompanied me home. At 12 o'clock, Mr. Prince came
-home, as no one was permitted to leave the Palace till his Majesty had
-viewed the city. In the morning the children and the girl returned, and
-I went to view the pit into which I had sunk. It was large enough to
-hold a dozen like myself,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> when the earth had caved in. Had not that
-horse been there, I should never again seen the light of day, and no
-one would have known my fate. Thus, through the providence of God, I
-escaped from the flood and the pit.</p>
-
-<div class="center"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<div>"My helper, God, I bless thy name;</div>
-<div>The same thy power, thy grace the same;</div>
-<div>I midst ten thousand dangers stand,</div>
-<div>Supported by thy guardian hand."</div>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<p>Should I attempt to give an account of all the holidays, it would fill
-volumes. The next to notice is Christmas and New Year. The first day
-of January a grand masquerade is given by his Majesty, at the winter
-Palace; forty thousand tickets are distributed; every thing is done in
-order; every gentleman wears a mask and cloak, and carries a lady with
-him. They are formed in a procession, and enter at the west gate; as
-they pass through, all the golden vessels and ornaments are displayed;
-these were back of a counter, which extends two hundred feet; there
-the company receive a cup of hot chocolate, and a paper of comfits,
-and a bun; a great many are in attendance, as a vast many persons are
-permitted to pass in and view the Palace, and go out at the east gate.</p>
-
-<p>The 6th of January is a still greater day, for then the water is
-christened; a church is built on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> the ice, ornamented with gold and
-evergreens, and a row of spruce trees, extending from the door of
-the Palace to the church. At this time all the nobles, of different
-nations, make their appearance in their native costume. The Patriarch,
-Archbishops, and other dignitaries of the Court, have a service; then
-they pass through and christen the water, and make it holy; then there
-is a great rush of the people for this holy water. On the plane an
-ice hill is built, eighty feet high, where the Emperor and his Court
-exercise themselves.</p>
-
-<p>February 10th is another holiday. Buildings are constructed on the
-plane for the occasion. All kinds of amusements may be found here, and
-all kinds of animals seen; much time and money are spent. The buildings
-are built in rotation. All the children of the different seminaries
-and institutions of education, are driven round in gilded carriages to
-witness the performances. After this is the great Fast, previous to the
-crucifixion of our Saviour. Then Christ is represented as riding into
-Jerusalem; branches of trees are placed in the ice, and strewed through
-the streets, and every performance is carried out. The Saviour is made
-of white marble; he is crucified and buried, and on the third day he
-rises, according to the Scriptures; then the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> cannons are fired. At the
-close of this forty day's Fast, they have a great Feast and Fair; all
-business is suspended, and the festivity and frolic continue for one
-week.</p>
-
-<p>The first of May is another great holiday. The merchants' daughters are
-arranged on each side of a long mall, in the beautiful gardens, and
-arrayed in their best clothes, under the care of an old woman known in
-their families; the gentlemen walk round and observe them, and if they
-see one they fancy, they speak to the old woman; she takes him to the
-parents and introduces him; if the parties agree, they prepare for the
-betrothal. It is their custom to marry one of their own station. All
-these holidays are accounted sacred. The first year I noted them all,
-as I was accustomed to attend them.</p>
-
-<p>May, 1825, I spent some time visiting the different towns in the
-vicinity of St. Petersburg. In the fall of the same year, the Emperor
-retired to a warmer climate for the health of the Empress Elizabeth.
-January, 1826, the corpse of Alexander was brought in state, and
-was met three miles from the city by the nobles of the Court; and
-they formed a procession, and the body was brought in state into the
-building where the Imperial family were deposited. March, of the
-same year, the corpse of Elizabeth was brought<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> in the same manner.
-Constantine was then king of Poland, he was next heir to the throne,
-and was unanimously voted by the people, but refused, and resigned
-the crown in favor of his brother Nicholas. The day appointed the
-people were ordered to assemble as usual, at the ringing of the bells;
-they rejected Nicholas, a sign was given by the leaders that was well
-understood, and the people, great and small rushed to the square and
-cried with one voice for Constantine. The Emperor with his prime
-minister, and city governor, rode into the midst of them entreating
-them to retire, without avail, they were obliged to order the cannons
-fired upon the mob; it was not known when they discharged them that
-the Emperor and his ministers were in the crowd. He was wonderfully
-preserved while both his friends and their horses were killed. There
-was a general seizing of all classes, who were taken into custody. The
-scene cannot be described; the bodies of the killed and mangled were
-cast into the river, and the snow and ice were stained with the blood
-of human victims as they were obliged to drive the cannon to and fro
-in the midst of the crowd. The bones of these wounded who might have
-been cured were crushed. The cannon are very large, drawn by eight
-horses trained for the purpose. The scene was awful;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> all business was
-stopped. This deep plot originated, 1814, in Germany, with the Russian
-nobility and German, under the pretence of the Free Mason's lodge.
-When they returned home they increased their numbers and presented
-their chart to the Emperor for permission which was granted. In the
-year 1822, the Emperor being suspicious that all was not right took
-their chart from them. They carried it on in small parties, rapidly
-increasing, believing they would soon be able to destroy all the
-Imperial branches, and have a republican government. Had not this taken
-place undoubtedly they would have at last succeeded. So deep was the
-foundation of this plot laid, both males and females were engaged in
-it. The prison-houses were filled, and thirty of the leading men were
-put into solitary confinement, and twenty-six of the number died, four
-were burned. A stage was erected and faggots were placed underneath,
-each prisoner was secured by iron chains, presenting a most appalling
-sight to an eye-witness. A priest was in attendance to cheer their last
-dying moments, then fire was set to the faggots and these brave men
-were consumed. Others received the knout, and even the princesses and
-ladies of rank were imprisoned and flogged in their own habitations.
-Those that survived their punishment were banished to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>Siberia. The
-mode of banishment is very imposing and very heart-rending, severing
-them from all dear relatives and friends, for they are never permitted
-to take their children. When they arrive at the gate of the city,
-their first sight is a guard of soldiers, then wagons with provisions,
-then the noblemen in their banished apparel guarded, then each side
-conveyances for the females, then ladies in order guarded by soldiers.</p>
-
-<p>Preparations were now being made for the coronation of the new Emperor
-and Empress. This took place September, 1826, in Moscow, 555 miles
-south-east from St. Petersburg. All persons engaged in the court were
-sent beforehand, in order to prepare for the coming event. After his
-majesty's laws were read as usual on such occasions, those who wished
-to remain in his service did so, and those who did not were discharged.</p>
-
-<p>After the coronation the Emperor and his court returned to St.
-Petersburg. June, 1827, war was declared between Russia and Turkey.
-They had several battles with varied success. The Russians surrounded
-and laid siege to Constantinople. The Sultan of Turkey sued for peace,
-and a treaty was at last signed and peace was proclaimed in 1829.
-In March, of the same year, war was declared with Poland. 1831, the
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>cholera, that malignant disease, made its appearance in Austria, from
-thence to little Russia, making great ravages, thousands of people
-falling a prey. It then began to rage in St. Petersburg, carrying off
-9255. This disease first appeared in Madagascar, 1814, there most of
-the inhabitants died. It is called the plague that God sent among the
-people of Israel and other nations for centuries back. Much might be
-said of this dreadful disease and others that are but little known in
-this country. God often visits nations, families, and persons, with
-judgments as well as mercies.</p>
-
-<p>The present Emperor and Empress are courteous and affable. The
-Empress would often send for the ladies of the court at 8 o'clock
-in the evening to sup with her, when they arrive at court they form
-a procession and she takes the lead. On entering the hall, the band
-strikes up; there are two long tables on each side, and in the midst
-circular tables for the Imperial family. The tables are spread
-apparently with every variety of eatable and deserts, but every thing
-is artificial, presenting a novel appearance. When the company are
-seated, the Emperor and Empress walk around the tables and shake hands
-with each individual as they pass. The prisoners of war who are nobles,
-are seated by themselves with their faces veiled. There is a tender or
-waiter to each<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> person, with two plates, one with soup and the other
-with something else. After a variety of courses, in one hour they are
-dismissed by the band. They then retire to another part of the palace
-to attend a ball or theatrical amusements. At the Empress's command
-they are dismissed. She carries power and dignity in her countenance
-well adapted to her station. And after her late amusements at night she
-would be out at an early hour in the morning visiting the abodes of
-the distressed, dressed in as common apparel as any one here, either
-walking or riding in a common sleigh. At her return she would call for
-her children, take them in her arms and talk to them. "She riseth while
-it is yet night and giveth meat to her household and a portion to her
-maidens, she stretcheth out her hands to the poor, yea, she reacheth
-out her hands to the needy; she is not afraid of the snow for all her
-household are clothed in scarlet." Then she would go to the cabinet of
-his Majesty; there she would write and advise with him.</p>
-
-<p>The Russian ladies follow the fashions of the French and English.
-Their religion is after the Greek church. There are no seats in their
-churches; they stand, bow, and kneel, during the service. The principal
-church is on the Main street. There are the statues of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> great
-commanders that have conquered in battle. They are clad in brass, with
-flags in their hands, and all their ancient implements of war are
-deposited there. The altar is surrounded by statues of the Virgin Mary
-and the twelve apostles. When Russia is at war and her armies are about
-to engage in battle, it is here that the Emperor and his family and
-court, come to pray for victory over the enemy. The day they engaged in
-battle against the Poles, the Empress Dowager took her death; she was
-embalmed and laid in state six weeks in the hall of the winter palace.
-I went a number of times to see her, and the people pay her homage, and
-kiss the hands of that lump of clay. All religion is tolerated, but the
-native Russians are subject to the Greek Church. There are a number of
-institution in St. Petersburg where children of all classes have the
-privilege of instruction. The sailors' and soldiers' boys enter the
-corps at the age of seven, and are educated for that purpose. The girls
-remain in the barracks with their parents, or go to some institutions
-where they are instructed in all the branches of female education.
-There are other establishments, where the higher classes send their
-children.</p>
-
-<p>There is another spacious building called the Market, half a mile
-square, where all kinds of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>articles may be bought. Between the Market
-and the church there is a block of buildings where silver articles
-of all kinds are to be purchased. These stores present a very superb
-appearance and are visited by every foreigner that comes into the
-place. Besides these buildings, Main Street is lined with elegant
-buildings with projecting windows, to the extent of twelve miles.
-Nearly at the termination of the street there is a spacious building of
-stone which encloses the Taberisey Garden, so called from its having
-every kind of tree, shrub, flower and fruit, of the known world, which
-flourish alike in winter as in summer. There is an extensive Frozen
-Market which forms a square as large as Boston Common. This space
-of ground is covered with counters, on which may be purchased every
-variety of eatable, such as frozen fish, fowl, and meats of every
-description, besides every other article of commerce which will bear
-the extreme cold of a St. Petersburg winter. This city was founded
-by Peter the Great, and built upon a bog which was occupied by a few
-fishermen's huts, and belonged to the Finns. It is situated at the
-extremity of the Gulf of Finland, and is built partly on the main
-land and partly on several small islands. The foundation of the city
-is extremely marshy, which subjects it to frequent inundations. For<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>
-this reason there are canals which are cut through the streets, very
-beautifully laid out, faced with granite, railed with iron chains
-nubbed with brass, with bridges to cross from one street to the other.
-The city houses are built of stone and brick, and twice the thickness
-of American houses. They are heated by Peaches, of similar construction
-to our furnaces; the outside of which is faced with China tiles,
-presenting a very beautiful appearance. The village houses are built of
-logs corked with oakum, where the peasants reside. This class of people
-till the land, most of them are slaves and are very degraded. The rich
-own the poor, but they are not suffered to separate families or sell
-them off the soil. All are subject to the Emperor, and no nobleman can
-leave without his permission. The mode of travelling is principally by
-stages which are built something like our omnibusses, with settees upon
-the top railed and guarded by soldiers, for the purpose of protecting
-the travellers from the attacks of wild beasts. The common language is
-a mixture of Sclavonian and Polish. The nobility make use of the modern
-Greek, French, and English. I learned the languages in six months, so
-as to be able to attend to my business, and also made some proficiency
-in the French. My time was taken up in domestic affairs; I took two
-children to board<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> the third week after commencing housekeeping, and
-increased their numbers. The baby linen making and children's garments
-were in great demand. I started a business in these articles and
-took a journeywoman and apprentices. The present Empress is a very
-active one, and inquired of me respecting my business and gave me much
-encouragement by purchasing of me garments for herself and children,
-handsomely wrought in French and English styles, and many of the
-nobility also followed her example. It was to me a great blessing that
-we had the means of Grace afforded us. The Rev. Richard Kenell, was
-the Protestant pastor. We had service twice every Sabbath and evening
-prayer meetings, also a female society, so that I was occupied at all
-times.</p>
-
-<p>At the time of the inundation, the Bibles and other books belonging to
-the society were injured. But Mr. Kenell took the liberty to purchase
-at full price and sell at an advance. In order that the poor might
-have them, we all agreed to labor for that purpose; I often visited
-the matron of the Empress' children, and encouraged by her I took some
-to the Palace, and by this means disposed of many at head quarters.
-Other friends without the court continued to labor until hundreds
-and thousands were disposed of. The old<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> Bishop finding his religion
-was in danger sent a petition to the Emperor that all who were found
-distributing Bibles and Tracts should be punished severely. Many were
-taken and imprisoned, two devoted young men were banished; thus the
-righteous were punished, while evil practices were not forbidden, for
-there the sin of licentiousness is very common.</p>
-
-<p>I have mentioned that the climate did not agree with me; in winter my
-lungs were much affected; it was the advice of the best physicians
-that I had better not remain in Russia during another cold season.
-However painful it was to me to return without my husband, yet life
-seemed desirable, and he flattered me and himself that he should soon
-follow. It is difficult for any one in the Emperor's employment to
-leave when they please. Mr. Prince thought it best for me to return to
-my native country while he remained two years longer to accumulate a
-little property and then return&mdash;but death took him away. I left St.
-Petersburg, August 14th, 1833, having been absent about nine years and
-six months. On the 17th I sailed from Cronstradt for New York. Arrived
-at Elsinore the 25th. Tuesday 29, left. September the 2nd., laid to
-in a gale. September 18th, made Plymouth, Old England. 19th sailed.
-Arrived in New York Oct. 10th, left there <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>Tuesday 18th, arrived in
-Boston the 23d. Sabbath Nov. the 9th, I had the privilege of attending
-service in the old place of worship. On this day I also had the
-pleasure of meeting with an old friend of my grandfather, nearly one
-hundred years of age. I found things much changed; my mother and sister
-Silvia died in 1827, (that I was aware of.) The Rev. T. Paul was dead
-and many of my old friends were gone to their long home. The old church
-and society was in much confusion; I attempted to worship with them but
-it was in vain. The voyage was of great benefit to me. By the advice of
-friends I applied to a Mrs. Mott, a female physician in the city, that
-helped me much. I am indebted to God for his great goodness in guiding
-my youthful steps; my mind was directed to my fellow brethren whose
-circumstances were similar to my own. I found many a poor little orphan
-destitute and afflicted, and on account of color shut out from all the
-asylums for poor children. At this my heart was moved, and proposed
-to my friends the necessity of a home for such, where they might be
-sheltered from the contaminating evils that beset their path. For this
-purpose I called a meeting of the people and laid before them my plan:
-as I had had the privilege of assisting in forming an Asylum for such a
-purpose<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> in St. Petersburg, I thought it would be well to establish one
-on the same principles, not knowing that any person had had a thought
-of any thing of the kind. We commenced with eight children. I gave
-three months of my time. A board was formed of seven females, with a
-committee of twelve gentlemen of standing, to superintend. At the end
-of three months the committee was dispensed with, and for want of funds
-our society soon fell through.</p>
-
-<p>I passed my time in different occupations and making arrangements for
-the return of my husband, but death took him from me. I made my home
-at the Rev. J. W. Holman's, a Free Will Baptist, until I sailed for
-Jamaica. There had been an Anti-Slavery Society established by W. L.
-Garrison, Knapp, and other philanthropists of the day. Their design
-was the amelioration of the nominally free colored people of these
-States, and the emancipation of the slaves in other States. These
-meetings I attended with much pleasure until a contention broke out
-among themselves; there has been a great change in some things, but
-much remains to be done; possibly I may not see so clearly as some, for
-the weight of prejudice has again oppressed me, and were it not for the
-promises of God one's heart would fail, for <i>He</i> made man in his own
-image, in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> image of God, created he him, male and female, that they
-55
-should have dominion over the fish of the sea, the fowl of the air, and
-the beast of the field, &amp;c. This power did God give man, that thus far
-should he go and no farther; but man has disobeyed his maker and become
-vain in his imagination and their foolish hearts are darkened. We
-gather from this, that God has in all ages of the world punished every
-nation and people for their sins. The sins of my beloved country are
-not hid from his notice; his all seeing eye sees and knows the secrets
-of all hearts; the angels that kept not their first estate but left
-their own habitations, he hath reserved in everlasting chains unto the
-great day.</p>
-
-<p>My mind, after the emancipation in the West Indies, was bent upon going
-to Jamaica. A field of usefulness seemed spread out before me. While I
-was thinking about it, the Rev. Mr. Ingraham, who had spent seven years
-there, arrived in the city. He lectured in the city at the Marlboro'
-Chapel, on the results arising from the emancipation at the British
-Islands. He knew much about them, he had a station at a mountain near
-Kingston, and was very desirous to have persons go there to labor. He
-wished some one to go with him to his station. He called on me with the
-Rev. Mr. Colyer, to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>persuade me to go. I told him it was my intention
-to go if I could make myself useful, but that I was sensible that I was
-very limited in education. He told me that the moral condition of the
-people was very bad, and needed labor aside from any thing else.</p>
-
-<p>I left America, November 16th, 1840, in the ship Scion, Captain
-Mansfield, bound for Jamaica, freighted with ice and machinery for
-the silk factory. There were on board a number of handicrafts-men and
-other passengers. We sailed on Monday afternoon, from Charlestown,
-Massachusetts. It rained continually until Saturday. Sunday the 23d,
-was a fine day. Mr. De Grass, a young colored clergyman, was invited
-to perform divine service which he did with much propriety; he spoke
-of the dangers we had escaped and the importance of being prepared to
-meet our God, (he died of fever about three weeks after arriving at
-Jamaica,) some who were able to attend came on deck and listened to
-him with respect, while others seemed to look on in derision; these
-spent the afternoon and evening in card-playing. About twelve at night
-a storm commenced; on Monday were in great peril; the storm continued
-until Friday the 27th. On that day a sail was seen at some distance
-making towards us, the captain judging her to be a piratical vessel
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>ordered the women and children below, and the men to prepare for
-action. The pirates were not inclined to hazard an engagement; when
-they saw the deck filled with armed men they left us. Thus were we
-preserved from the storm and from the enemy. Sabbath, 29th, divine
-service, our attention was directed to the goodness of God, in sparing
-us.</p>
-
-<p>Monday, and we mortals are still alive. Tuesday, thus far the Lord has
-led us on. Wednesday, thus far his power prolongs our days. Thursday,
-December 3d, to-day made Turks Island. Friday, this day had a view of
-Hayti, its lofty mountains presented a sublime prospect. Saturday,
-we had a glance at Cuba. Sunday, December 6th, at six o'clock in
-the evening, dropped anchor at St. Anne Harbor, Jamaica. We blessed
-the Lord for his goodness in sparing us to see the place of our
-destination; and here I will mention my object in visiting Jamaica. I
-hoped that I might aid, in some small degree, to raise up and encourage
-the emancipated inhabitants, and teach the young children to read and
-work, to fear God, and put their trust in the Saviour. Mr. Whitmarsh
-and his friend came on board and welcomed us. On Tuesday we went on
-shore to see the place and the people; my intention had been to go
-directly to Kingston, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> the people urged me to stay with them and I
-thought it my duty to comply, and wrote to Mr. Ingraham to that effect.
-I went first to see the minister, Mr. Abbott, I thought as he was out,
-I had better wait his return. The people promised to pay me for my
-services, or send me to Kingston. When Mr. Abbot returned he made me
-an offer, which I readily accepted. As I lodged in the house of one of
-the class-leaders I attended her class a few times, and when I learned
-the method, I stopped. She then commenced her authority and gave me
-to understand if I did not comply I should not have any pay from that
-society. I spoke to her of the necessity of being born of the spirit of
-God before we become members of the church of Christ, and told her I
-was sorry to see the people blinded in such a way.</p>
-
-<p>She was very angry with me and soon accomplished her end by complaining
-of me to the minister; and I soon found I was to be dismissed unless I
-would yield obedience to this class-leader. I told the minister that I
-did not come there to be guided by a poor foolish woman. He then told
-me that I had spoken something about the necessity of moral conduct
-in church members. I told him I had, and in my opinion, I was sorry
-to see it so much neglected. He replied, that he hoped I would not
-express myself so except to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> him; they have the gospel, he continued,
-and let them into the church. I do not approve of women societies;
-they destroy the world's convention; the American women have too many
-of them. I talked with him an hour. He paid me for the time I had been
-there. I continued with the same opinion that something must be done
-for the elevation of the children, and it is for that I labor. I am
-sorry to say the meeting house is more like a play house than a place
-of worship. The pulpit stands about the middle of the building, behind
-are about six hundred children that belong to the society; there they
-are placed for Sabbath School, and there they remain until service is
-over, playing most of the time. The house is crowded with the aged and
-the young, the greater part of them barefooted. Some have on bonnets,
-but most of the women wear straw hats such as our countrymen wear.</p>
-
-<p>I gave several Bibles away, not knowing that I was hurting the
-minister's sale, the people buy them of him at a great advance. I
-gave up my school at St. Ann, the 18th of March. I took the fever and
-was obliged to remain until the 7th of April. The people of St. Ann
-fulfilled their promise which they made to induce me to stop with them.
-On the 11th of April I arrived at Kingston, and was conducted to the
-Mico <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>Institution, where Mr. Ingraham directed me to find him; he had
-lost his pulpit and his school, but Mr. Venning, the teacher, kindly
-received me. I remained there longer than I expected; the next morning
-he kindly sent one of the young men with me to the packet for my
-baggage. I then called on the American Consul, he told me he was very
-glad to see me for such a purpose as I had in view in visiting Jamaica,
-but he said it was a folly for the Americans to come to the Island to
-better their condition; he said they came to him every day praying him
-to send them home.</p>
-
-<p>He likewise mentioned to me the great mortality among the emigrants.
-The same day I saw the Rev. Mr. J. S. Beadslee, one of our
-missionaries, who wished me to accompany him forty miles into the
-interior of the country.</p>
-
-<p>On May the 18th, I attended the Baptist Missionary meeting, in Queen
-Street Chapel; the house was crowded. Several ministers spoke of the
-importance of sending the gospel to Africa; they complimented the
-congregation on their liberality the last year, having given one
-hundred pounds sterling; they hoped this year they would give five
-hundred pounds, as there were five thousand members at the present
-time. There was but one colored minister on the platform. It<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> is
-generally the policy of these missionaries to have the sanction of
-colored ministers, to all their assessments and taxes. The colored
-people give more readily, and are less suspicious of imposition, if
-one from themselves recommends the measure; this the missionaries
-understand very well, and know how to take advantage of it. On the 22d
-and 23d of June, the colored Baptists held their missionary meeting,
-the number of ministers colored and mulattoes was 18, the colored
-magistrates were present. The resolutions that were offered were
-unanimously accepted, and every thing was done in love and harmony.
-After taking up a contribution they concluded with song and prayer, and
-returned home saying jocosely, "they would turn macroon hunters."</p>
-
-<p>Mack is the name of a small coin in circulation at Jamaica. I called,
-on my return, at the market and counted the different stalls. For
-vegetables and poultry 196, all numbered and under cover; beside 70
-on the ground; these are all attended by colored women. The market is
-conveniently arranged, as they can close the gates and leave all safe.
-There are nineteen stalls for fresh fish, eighteen for pork, thirty for
-beef, eighteen for turtle. These are all regular built markets, and are
-kept by colored men and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> women. These are all in one place. Others also
-may be found, as with us, all over the city. Thus it may be hoped they
-are not the stupid set of beings they have been called; here <i>surely we
-see industry</i>; they are enterprising and quick in their perceptions,
-determined to possess themselves, and to possess property besides, and
-quite able to take care of themselves. They wished to know why I was so
-inquisitive about them, I told them we had heard in America that you
-are lazy, and that emancipation has been of no benefit to you; I wish
-to inform myself of the truth respecting you, and give a true account
-on my return. Am I right? More than two hundred people were around me
-listening to what I said.</p>
-
-<p>They thanked me heartily, I gave them some tracts, and told them if
-it so pleased God I would come back to them and bring them some more
-books, and try what could be done with some of the poor children to
-make them better. I then left them and went to the East Market, where
-there are many of all nations. The Jews and Spanish looked at me very
-black. The colored people gathered around me, I gave them little books
-and tracts, and told them I hoped to see them again.</p>
-
-<p>There are in this street upwards of a thousand young women and
-children, living in sin of every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> kind. From thence I went to the jail,
-where there were seventeen men, but no women. There were in the House
-of Correction three hundred culprits; they are taken from there, to
-work on plantations. I went to the Admiral's house, where the emigrants
-find a shelter until they can find employment, then they work and pay
-for their passage. Many leave their homes and come to Jamaica under the
-impression that they are to have their passage free, and on reaching
-the Island are to be found, until they can provide for themselves.</p>
-
-<p>How the mistake originated, I am not able to say, but on arriving here,
-strangers poor and unacclimated, find the debt for passage money hard
-and unexpected. It is remarkable that whether fresh from Africa, or
-from other Islands from the South or from New England, they all feel
-deceived on this point. I called on many Americans and found them poor
-and discontented,&mdash;rueing the day they left their country, where,
-notwithstanding many obstacles, their parents lived and died, which
-they helped to conquer with their toil and blood; now shall their
-children stray abroad and starve in foreign lands.</p>
-
-<p>There is in Jamaica an institution, established in 1836, called the
-Mico Institution. It is named after its founder, Madame Mico, who left
-a large<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> sum of money to purchase, (or rather to ransom, the one being
-a Christian act, the other a sin against the Holy Ghost, who expressly
-forbids such traffic.) Madame Mico left this money to ransom the
-English who were in bondage to the Algerines; if there was any left,
-it was to be devoted to the instruction of the colored people in the
-British Isles.</p>
-
-<p>Beside the Mico establishment, there are in Jamaica twenty-seven church
-missionary schools, where children are taught gratis. Whole number
-taught, 952. London Missionary Society Schools, sixteen; the number
-taught not ascertained. National Schools, thirty-eight. There are also
-the Wesleyan, Presbyterian and Moravian Schools; it is supposed there
-are private schools, where three or four thousand are educated in the
-city of Kingston, and twice the number in the street without the means
-of instruction. All the children and adults taught in the above named
-schools, are taxed £1 a year, except the English Church School, this is
-the most liberal. The Rev. Mr. Horton, a Baptist minister in Kingston,
-told me he had sent ninety children away from the Baptist school
-because they did not bring their money. It is sufficient to say they
-had it not to bring!</p>
-
-<p>Most of the people of Jamaica are emancipated<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> slaves, many of them are
-old, worn out and degraded. Those who are able to work, have yet many
-obstacles to contend with, and very little to encourage them; every
-advantage is taken of their ignorance; the same spirit of cruelty is
-opposed to them as held them for centuries in bondage; even religious
-teaching is bartered for their hard earnings, while they are allowed
-but thirty-three cents a day, and are told if they will not work for
-that they shall not work at all; an extraordinary price is asked of
-them for every thing they may wish to purchase, even their Bibles
-are sold to them at a large advance on the first purchase. Where are
-their apologists, if they are found wanting in the strict morals that
-Christians ought to practice? Who kindly says, forgive them when they
-err? "Forgive them, this is the bitter fruit of slavery." Who has
-integrity sufficient to hold the balance when these poor people are to
-be weighed? Yet their present state is blissful, compared with slavery.</p>
-
-<p>Many of the farmers bring their produce twenty or thirty miles. Some
-have horses or ponys, but most of them bring, their burdens on their
-head. As I returned from St. Andrews's Mountain, where I had been sent
-for by a Mr. Rose, I was overtaken by a respectable looking man on
-horseback; we rode about ten miles in company.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> The story he told me
-of the wrongs he and his wife had endured while in slavery, are too
-horrible to narrate. My heart sickens when I think of it. He asked
-me many questions, such as where I came from? why I came to that
-Isle? where had I lived, &amp;c? I told him I was sent for by one of the
-missionaries to help him in his school. Indeed, said he, our color
-need the instruction. I asked him why the colored people did not hire
-for themselves? We would be very glad to, he replied, but our money is
-taken from us so fast we cannot. Sometimes they say we must all bring
-£1; to raise this, we have to sell at a loss or to borrow, so that we
-have nothing left for ourselves; the Macroon hunters take all&mdash;this is
-a nickname they give the missionaries and the class-leaders&mdash;a cutting
-sarcasm this!</p>
-
-<p>Arrived at a tavern, about a mile from Kingston, I bade the man
-adieu, and stopped for my guide. The inn-keeper kindly invited me in;
-he asked me several questions, and I asked him as many. How do the
-people get along, said I, since the emancipation? The negroes, he
-replied, will have the Island in spite of the d&mdash;&mdash;. Do not you see
-how they live, and how much they can bear? We cannot do so. This man
-was an Englishman, with a large family of mulatto children. I returned
-with my mind fully<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> made up what to do. Spent three weeks at the
-Mico establishment, and three with my colored friends from America.
-We thought something ought to be done for the poor girls that were
-destitute; they consulted with their friends, called a meeting and
-formed a society of forty; each agreed to pay three dollars a year and
-collect, and provide a house, while I came back to America to raise the
-money for all needful articles for the school. Here I met Mr. Ingraham
-for the first time; he had come from the mountains, and his health
-had rapidly declined; wishing to get his family home before the Lord
-took him away, he embarked for Baltimore, in the Orb, and I sailed for
-Philadelphia, July 20th, 1841, twenty-one days from Jamaica, in good
-health. I found there, Fitz W. Sargent's family, from Gloucester, who I
-lived with when a little girl; they received me very kindly, and gave
-donations of books and money for that object.</p>
-
-<p>I met the Anti Slavery Society at Mrs. Lucretia Motts, who took great
-interest in the cause. I visited among the friends, and spent my time
-very pleasantly. August 5th, I started for New York; arrived safely,
-and staid with an old friend; ascertained that Mr. Ingraham's family
-were at Newark, at Theodore Wells. He died four days after his arrival.
-I was invited to Mrs.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> Ingraham's (his cousin's widow) to spend a week.
-There I met with much encouragement to labor in the cause. Missionaries
-were coming and going, and all seemed to be interested in my object.
-Saturday evening I went to the bath room, where I left my neck ribbon:
-returning after it, I had the misfortune to fall through an open
-trap door, down fifteen feet, on hard coal. I had no light with me.
-I dislocated my left shoulder, and was generally very much bruised;
-my screams brought the girl to my assistance, and by the help of God
-she brought me out of the cellar; it was some time before a surgeon
-could be procured; at last Dr. Jossleyn came to my relief, he set my
-shoulder. I was obliged to remain at Mrs. Ingraham's three weeks; as
-soon as I was able I left there for Boston. I intended to have gone by
-the western boat, but by mistake got on board Captain Comstock's, and
-was exposed on deck all night in a damp east wind, and when I arrived
-at the landing I could not assist myself; a sailor who saw and pitied
-my situation, kindly took care of me and my baggage, and on my arrival
-in Boston procured a carriage for me. If it had not been for his
-kindness I know not how I should have got along.</p>
-
-<p>As soon as I was able I commenced my task of collecting funds for my
-Free Labor School in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> Jamaica. I collected in Boston and vicinity, in
-New York and Philadelphia, but not sufficient to make up the required
-sum, and I was obliged to take fifty dollars from my own purse,
-thinking that when I returned to Jamaica they would refund the money
-to me. April 15th, embarked on board the Brig Norma, of New York, for
-Jamaica. I arrived at Kingston May 6th, and found every thing different
-from what it was when I left; the people were in a state of agitation,
-several were hanged, and the insurrection was so great that it was
-found necessary to increase the army to quell it. Several had been
-hanged. On the very day I arrived a man was hanged for shooting a man
-as he passed through the street. Such was the state of things that it
-was not safe to be there.</p>
-
-<p>A few young people met to celebrate their freedom on an open plain,
-where they hold their market; their former masters and mistresses
-envious of their happiness, conspired against them and thought to put
-them down by violence. This only served to increase their numbers;
-but the oppressors were powerful and succeeded in accomplishing their
-revenge, although many of them were relations. There was a rule among
-the slave holders, to take care of the children they have by their
-slaves; they select them out<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> and place them in asylums. Those who
-lived with their white fathers were allowed great power over their
-slave mothers and her slave children; my heart was often grieved to see
-their conduct to their poor old grand parents. Those over twenty-one
-were freed in 1834, all under twenty-one, were to serve their masters
-till twenty-one. It is well known that at that time, the children alike
-with others, received twenty-five dollars a head for their relatives.
-Were I to tell all my eyes have seen among that people it would not
-be credited. It is well known that those that were freed, knowing
-their children were still in bondage, were not satisfied. In the year
-1838, general freedom throughout the British Islands gave the death
-blow to the power of the master, and mothers received with joy their
-emancipated children; they no longer looked the picture of despair,
-fearing to see their mulatto son or daughter, beating or abusing their
-younger brothers and sisters of a darker skin. On this occasion there
-was an outrage committed by those who were in power. What little the
-poor colored people had gathered during their four years of freedom,
-was destroyed by violence; their fences were broken down, and their
-horses and hogs taken from them. Most of the mulattoes and masters
-are educated, many of them are very poor, some are very rich;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> the
-property is left to the oldest daughter, she divides it with her
-brothers and sisters; since slavery ended many of them have married;
-those who are poor, and mean to live in sin, make for New Orleans and
-other slave States; many of the planters left the Island when slavery
-was abolished. In June, 1841, a number of people arrived from Sierra
-Leone at Jamaica; these were Maroons who were banished from the Island.
-They were some of the original natives who inhabited the mountains,
-and were determined to destroy the whites. These Maroons would secrete
-themselves in trees, and arrest the whites as they passed along, they
-would pretend to guide them, when they would beat and abuse them as
-the whites did their slaves; the English finding themselves defeated
-in all their plans to subdue them, proposed to take them by craft.
-They made a feast in a large tavern in Kingston, and invited them to
-come; after they had eaten, they were invited on board three ships
-of war, that were all ready to set sail for Sierra Leone; they were
-many of them infants in their mother's arms, they were well taken care
-of by the English and instructed; they were removed about the year
-1796&mdash;they are bright and intelligent, I saw and conversed with them;
-when they heard of the abolition of slavery, they sent a petition to
-Queen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> Victoria that they might return to Jamaica, which was granted.
-Several of them were very old when they returned; they were men and
-women when they left the Island, they had not forgot the injuries they
-had received from the hands of man, nor the mercies of God to them,
-nor his judgments to their enemies. Their numbers were few but their
-power was great; they say the Island, of right, belongs to them. Had
-their been a vessel in readiness I should have come back immediately,
-it seemed useless to attempt to establish a Manual Labor School, as
-the government was so unsettled that I could not be protected. Some of
-my former friends were gone as teachers to Africa, and some to other
-parts of the Island. I called on the American Consul to consult with
-him, he said that although such a school was much wanted, yet every
-thing seemed so unsettled that I had no courage to proceed. I told
-him there was so much excitement that I wished to leave the Island
-as soon as he could find me a passage, it seemed useless to spend
-my time there. As soon as it was known that I intended to return, a
-movement was made to induce me to remain. I was persuaded to try the
-experiment for three months, not thinking their motive was bad. Before
-I left the United States, I got all that was needed, within fifty
-dollars. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> fifty dollars I supplied from my own purse, expecting
-they would pay me. It cost me ten dollars for freight, and twenty-five
-for passage money; these people that I had hoped to serve, were much
-taken up with the things I had brought, they thought that I had money
-and I was continually surrounded; the thought of color was no where
-exhibited, much notice was taken of me. I was invited to breakfast in
-one place, and to dine in another, &amp;c. A society was organized, made
-up of men and women of authority. A constitution was drafted by my
-consent, by those who were appointed to meet at my rooms. Between the
-time of the adjournment they altered it to suit themselves. At the
-time appointed we came together with a spirit apparently becoming any
-body of Christians; most of them were members of Christian churches;
-the meeting was opened with reading the Scriptures and prayer. Then
-said the leader, since our dear sister has left her native land and
-her friends to come to us, we welcome her with our hearts and hands.
-She will dwell among us, and we will take care of her&mdash;Brethren think
-of it!, after which he sat down, and the constitution was called for.
-The Preamble held out all the flattery that a fool could desire; after
-which they commenced the articles, supposing that they could do as
-they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> thought best. The fourth article unveiled their design. As we
-have designed to take care of our sister, <i>we the undersigned will take
-charge of all she has brought</i>; the vote was called, every person rose
-in a moment except myself: every eye was upon me; one asked me why I
-did not vote, I made no answer&mdash;they put the vote again and again, I
-remained seated; well said the President, we can do nothing without her
-vote; they remained some time silent, and then broke up the meeting.
-The next day the Deacon called to see what the state of my mind was,
-and some of the women proposed that we should have another meeting.
-I told them no, I should do no more for them. As soon as they found
-they could not get the things in the way they intended, they started
-to plunder me; but I detected their design, and was on my guard, I
-disposed of the articles, and made ready to leave when an opportunity
-presented. A more skilful plan than this Satan never designed, but the
-power of God was above it. It is not surprising that this people are
-full of deceit and lies, this is the fruits of slavery, it makes master
-and slaves knaves. It is the rule where slavery exists to swell the
-churches with numbers, and hold out such doctrines, as <i>obedience to
-tyrants</i>, is a duty to God. I went with a Baptist woman to the house of
-a minister<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> of the Church of England, to have her grandchild christened
-before it died; she told me if she did not have it christened, it would
-rise up in judgment against her. This poor deluded creature was a
-class leader in the Baptist Church, and such is the condition of most
-of the people: they seemed blinded to every thing but money. They are
-great for trade, and are united in their determination for procuring
-property, of which they have amassed a vast amount. Notwithstanding I
-had made over various articles to one of the American Missionaries, a
-Mr. J. S. Beadslee, of Clarendon Mountains, I also gave to others where
-they were needed, which receipts and letters I have in my possession.
-Notwithstanding all this, they made another attempt to rob me, and as a
-passage could not be obtained for me to return home, I was obliged to
-go to the Mico establishment again for safety, such was the outrage.
-Houses were broken open and robbed every night. I came very near being
-shot: there was a certain place where we placed ourselves the first
-of the evening. A friend came to bring us some refreshments, I had
-just left the window when a gun was fired through it, by one that
-often sat with us; this was common in the time of slavery. Previous to
-vessels arriving, passages were engaged. I disposed of my articles and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>
-furniture at a very small profit. On the 1st of August, Capt. A. Miner
-arrived, and advertised for passengers. The American Consul procured me
-a passage, and on the 18th of August myself and nine other passengers
-embarked for New York.</p>
-
-<p>I might have diversified my book with more extended descriptions of
-Jamaica, with its tropical climate and productions, and contrasted
-it with Northern Russia. I hope my readers will not think that I was
-unmoved by all the wonders and beauties of nature, that were presented
-to me in various climes. Before giving an account of the voyage from
-Jamaica, it may prove interesting to some readers, to have a brief
-description of the country. With her liberty secured to her, may she
-now rise in prosperity, morality and religion, and become a happy
-people whose God is the Lord.</p>
-
-<h3>WEST INDIES.</h3>
-
-<p>A denomination under which is comprehended a large chain of islands,
-extending in a curve from the Florida shore on the northern peninsula
-of America, to the Gulf of Venezuela on the southern. These islands
-belong to five European powers, viz: Great Britain, Spain, France,
-Holland, and Denmark. An inhabitant of New England can form no idea
-of the climate and the productions of these islands. Many of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>
-particulars that are here mentioned, are peculiar to them all.</p>
-
-<p>The climate in all the West India Islands is nearly the same, allowing
-for those accidental differences which the several situations and
-qualities of the lands themselves produce; as they lie within the
-tropic of Cancer, and the sun is often almost at the meridian over
-their heads, they are continually subjected to a heat that would be
-intolerable but for the trade winds, which are so refreshing as to
-enable the inhabitants to attend to their various occupations, even
-under a noonday sun; as the night advances, a breeze begins to be
-perceived, which blows smartly from the land, as it were from the
-centre towards the sea, to all points of the compass at once. The
-rains make the only distinction of seasons on these islands. The trees
-are green the year round; they have no cold or frost; our heaviest
-rains are but dews comparatively; with them floods of water are poured
-from the clouds. About May, the periodical rains from the South may
-be expected. Then the tropical summer, in all its splendor, makes
-its appearance. The nights are calm and serene, the moon shines more
-brightly than in New England, as do the planets and the beautiful
-galaxy. From the middle of August to the end of September the heat is
-most oppressive,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> the sea breeze is interrupted, and calms warn the
-inhabitants of the periodical rains, which fall in torrents about the
-first of October.</p>
-
-<p>The most considerable and valuable of the British West India Islands,
-lies between the 75th and the 79th degrees of west longitude from
-London, and between 17 and 18 north latitude; it is of an oval figure,
-150 miles long from east to west, sixty miles broad in the middle,
-containing 4,080,000 acres. An elevated ridge, called the Blue
-Mountains, runs lengthwise from east to west, whence numerous rivers
-take their rise on both sides. The year is divided into two seasons,
-wet and dry. The months of July, August, and September, are called the
-hurricane months. The best houses are generally built low, on account
-of the hurricanes and earthquakes. However pleasant the sun may rise,
-in a moment the scene may be changed; a violent storm will suddenly
-arise, attended with thunder and lightning; the rain falls in torrents,
-and the seas and rivers rise with terrible destruction. I witnessed
-this awful scene in June last, at Kingston, the capital of Jamaica;
-the foundations of many houses were destroyed; the waters, as they
-rushed from the mountains, brought with them the produce of the earth,
-large branches of trees, together with their fruit; many persons<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> were
-drowned, endeavoring to reach their homes; those who succeeded, were
-often obliged to travel many miles out of their usual way. Many young
-children, without a parent's care, were at this time destroyed. A poor
-old woman, speaking of these calamities to me, thus expressed herself:
-"Not so bad now as in the time of slavery; then God spoke very loud
-to <i>Bucker</i>, (the white people,) to let us go. Thank God, ever since
-that they give us up, we go pray, and we have it not so bad like as
-before." I would recommend this poor woman's remark to the fair sons
-and daughters of America, the land of the pilgrims, "Then God spoke
-very loud." May these words be engraved on the post of every door in
-this land of New England. God speaks very loud, and while his judgments
-are on the earth, may the inhabitants learn righteousness!</p>
-
-<p>The mountains that intersect this island, seem composed of rocks,
-thrown up by frequent earthquakes or volcanoes. These rocks, though
-having little soil, are adorned with a great variety of beautiful
-trees, growing from the fissures, which are nourished by frequent
-rains, and flourish in perpetual spring. From these mountains flow a
-vast number of small rivers of pure water, which sometimes fall in
-cataracts, from stupendous heights; these, with the brilliant <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>verdure
-of the trees, form a most delightful landscape. Ridges of smaller
-mountains are on each side of this great chain; on these, coffee grows
-in great abundance; the valleys or plains between these ridges, are
-level beyond what is usually found in similar situations. The highest
-land in the island is Blue Mountain Peak, 7150 feet above the sea. The
-most extensive plain is thirty miles long and five broad. Black river,
-in the Parish of St. Elizabeth, is the only one navigable; flat-boats
-bring down produce from plantations about thirty miles up the river.
-Along the coast, and on the plains, the weather is very hot; but in the
-mountains the air is pure and wholesome; the longest days in summer are
-about thirteen hours, and the shortest in winter about eleven. In the
-plains are found several salt fountains, and in the mountains, not far
-from Spanish Town, is a hot bath of great medicinal virtues; this gives
-relief in the complaint called the dry bowels malady, which, excepting
-the bilious and yellow fevers, is one of the most terrible distempers
-of Jamaica. The general produce of this island is sugar, rum, molasses,
-ginger, cotton, indigo, pimento, cocoa, coffees, several kinds of
-woods, and medicinal drugs. Fruits are in great plenty, as oranges,
-lemons, shaddoks, citrons, pomegranates, pineapples, melons, pompions,
-guavas, and many<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> others. Here are trees whose wood, when dry, is
-incorruptible; here is found the wild cinnamon tree, the mahogany, the
-cabbage, the palm, yielding an oil much esteemed for food and medicine.
-Here, too, is the soap tree, whose berries are useful in washing. The
-plantain is produced in Jamaica in abundance, and is one of the most
-agreeable and nutritious vegetables in the world: it grows about four
-feet in height, and the fruit grows in clusters, which is filled with
-a luscious sweet pulp. The Banana is very similar to the plantain,
-but not so sweet. The whole island is divided into three counties,
-Middlesex, Surry, and Cornwall, and these into six towns, twenty
-parishes, and twenty-seven villages.</p>
-
-<p>This island was originally part of the Spanish Empire in America, but
-it was taken by the English in 1656. Cromwell had fitted out a squadron
-under Penn and Venables, to reduce the Spanish Island of Hispaniola;
-but there this squadron was unsuccessful, and the commanders, of their
-own accord, to atone for this misfortune, made a descent on Jamaica,
-and having arrived at St. Jago, soon compelled the whole island to
-surrender.</p>
-
-<p>Ever since, it has been subject to the English, and the government,
-next to that of Ireland, is the richest in the disposal of the crown.
-Port<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> Royal was formerly the capital of Jamaica; it stood upon the
-point of a narrow neck of land, which, towards the sea, forms part of
-the border of a very fine harbor of its own name. The conveniences of
-this harbor, which was capable of containing a thousand sail of large
-ships, and of such depth as to allow them to load and unload with
-the greatest ease, weighed so much with the inhabitants, that they
-chose to build their capital on this spot, although the place was a
-hot, dry sand, and produced none of the necessaries of life, not even
-fresh water. About the beginning of the year 1692, no place for its
-size could be compared to this town for trade, wealth, and an entire
-corruption of manners. In the month of June in this year, an earthquake
-which shook the whole island to the foundation, totally overwhelmed
-this city, so as to leave, in one quarter, not even the smallest
-vestige remaining. In two minutes the earth opened and swallowed up
-nine-tenths of the houses, and two thousand people. The waters gushed
-out from the openings of the earth, and the people lay as it were in
-heaps: some of them had the good fortune to catch hold of beams and
-rafters of houses, and were afterwards saved by boats. Several ships
-were cast away in the harbor, and the Swan Frigate, which lay in
-the Dock, was carried over the tops of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> sinking houses, and did not
-overset, but afforded a retreat to some hundreds of people, who saved
-their lives upon her. An officer who was in the town at that time,
-says the earth opened and shut very quick in some places, and he saw
-several people sink down to the middle, and others appeared with their
-heads just above ground, and were choked to death. At Savannah above
-a thousand acres were sunk, with the houses and people in them, the
-place appearing, for some time, like a lake; this was afterwards dried
-up, but no houses were seen. In some parts mountains were split, and
-at one place a plantation was removed to the distance of a mile. The
-inhabitants again rebuilt the city, but it was a second time, ten years
-after, destroyed by a great fire. The extraordinary convenience of the
-harbor tempted them to build it once more, and in 1722 it was laid in
-ruins by a hurricane, the most terrible on record.</p>
-
-<p>Such repeated calamities seemed to mark out this spot as a devoted
-place; the inhabitants, therefore, resolved to forsake it forever, and
-to reside at the opposite bay, where they built Kingston, which is now
-the capital of the island. In going up to Kingston, we pass over a part
-of and between Port Royal, leaving the mountains on the left, and a
-small town on the right.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> There are many handsome houses built there,
-one story high, with porticos, and every convenience for those who
-inhabit them. Not far from Kingston stands Spanish Town, which, though
-at present far inferior to Kingston, was once the capital of Jamaica,
-and is still the seat of government.</p>
-
-<p>On the 3d of October, 1780, there was a dreadful hurricane, which
-overwhelmed the little seaport town of Savannah, in Jamaica, and part
-of the adjacent country; very few houses were left standing, and a
-great number of lives were lost; much damage was done also, and many
-lives lost, in other parts of the island.</p>
-
-<p>In January, 1823, a society was formed in London for mitigating and
-gradually abolishing slavery, throughout the British dominions, called
-the Anti-Slavery Society. His Royal Highness, the Duke of Gloucester,
-was President of the Society; in the list of Vice Presidents are the
-names of many of the most distinguished philanthropists of the day,
-and among them that of the never to be forgotten Mr. Wilberforce;
-as a bold champion, we see him going forward, pleading the cause of
-our down-trodden brethren. In the year 1834, it pleased God to break
-the chains from 800,000 human beings, that had been held in a state
-of personal slavery; and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> this great event was effected through the
-instrumentality of Clarkson, Wilberforce, and other philanthropists of
-the day.</p>
-
-<p>The population of Jamaica is nearly 400,000; that of Kingston,
-the capital, 40,000. There are many places of worship of various
-denominations, namely, Church of England, and of Scotland, Wesleyan,
-the Baptist, and Roman Catholics, besides a Jewish Synagogue. These
-all differ from what I have seen in New England, and from those I have
-seen elsewhere. The Baptist hold what they call class-meetings. They
-have men and women, deacons and deaconesses in these churches; these
-hold separate class-meetings; some of these can read, and some cannot.
-Such are the persons who hold the office of judges, and go round and
-urge the people to come to the class, and after they come in twice or
-three times, they are considered candidates for baptism. Some pay fifty
-cents, and some more, for being baptized; they receive a ticket as a
-passport into the church, paying one mark a quarter, or more, and some
-less, but nothing short of ten pence, that is, two English shillings
-a year. They must attend their class once a week, and pay three pence
-a week, total twelve English shillings a year, besides the sums they
-pay once a month at communion, after<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> service in the morning. On those
-occasions the minister retires, and the deacons examine the people,
-to ascertain if each one has brought a ticket; if not, they cannot
-commune; after this the minister returns, and performs the ceremony,
-then they give their money and depart. The churches are very large,
-holding from four to six thousand; many bring wood and other presents
-to their class-leader, as a token of their attachment; where there are
-so many communicants, these presents, and the money exacted, greatly
-enrich these establishments. Communicants are so ignorant of the
-ordinance, that they join the church merely to have a decent burial;
-for if they are not members, none will follow them to the grave, and no
-prayers will be said over them; these are borne through the streets by
-four men, the coffin a rough box; not so if they are church members; as
-soon as the news is spread that one is dying, all the class, with their
-leader, will assemble at the place, and join in singing hymns; this,
-they say, is to help the spirit up to glory; this exercise sometimes
-continues all night, in so loud a strain, that it is seldom that any of
-the people in the neighborhood are lost in sleep.</p>
-
-<p>After leaving Jamaica, the vessel was tacked to a south-west course. I
-asked the Captain what this meant. He said he must take the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span>current,
-as there was no wind. Without any ceremony, I told him it was not the
-case, and told the passengers that he had deceived us. There were two
-English men that were born on the island, that had never been on the
-water; before the third day passed, they asked the Captain why they had
-not seen Hayti. He told them they passed when they were asleep. I told
-them it was not true, he was steering south south-west. The passengers
-in the steerage got alarmed, and every one was asking the Captain what
-this meant. The ninth day we made land. "By &mdash;&mdash;," said the Captain,
-"this is Key West; come, passengers, let us have a vote to run over the
-neck, and I will go ashore and bring aboard fruit and turtle." They all
-agreed but myself. He soon dropped anchor. The officers from the shore
-came on board and congratulated him on keeping his appointment, thus
-proving that my suspicions were well founded. The Captain went ashore
-with these men, and soon came back, called for the passengers, and
-asked for their vote for him to remain until the next day, saying that
-he could, by this delay, make five or six hundred dollars, as there had
-been a vessel wrecked there lately. They all agreed but myself. The
-vessel was soon at the side of the wharf. In one hour there were twenty
-slaves at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> work to unload her; every inducement was made to persuade
-me to go ashore, or set my feet on the wharf. A law had just been
-passed there that every free colored person coming there, should be put
-in custody on their going ashore; there were five colored persons on
-board; none dared to go ashore, however uncomfortable we might be in
-the vessel, or however we might desire to refresh ourselves by a change
-of scene. We remained at Key West four days.</p>
-
-<p>September 3d we set sail for New York, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
-At 10 o'clock a gale took us, that continued thirty-six hours; my
-state-room was filled with water, and my baggage all upset; a woman,
-with her little boy, and myself, were seated on a trunk thirty-six
-hours, with our feet pressed against a barrel to prevent falling;
-the water pouring over us at every breaker. Wednesday, the 9th, the
-sun shone out, so that the Captain could take an observation. He
-found himself in great peril, near the coast of Texas. All hands were
-employed in pumping and bailing. On the eleventh, the New Orleans
-steamer came to our assistance; as we passed up the river, I was made
-to forget my own condition, as I looked with pity on the poor slaves,
-who were laboring and toiling, on either side, as far as could be seen
-with a glass. We soon reached<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> the dock, and we were there on the old
-wreck a spectacle for observation; the whites went on shore and made
-themselves comfortable, while we poor blacks were obliged to remain
-on that broken, wet vessel. The people were very busy about me; one
-man asked me who I belonged to, and many other rude questions; he
-asked me where I was born; I told him Newburyport. "What were your
-parents' names?" I told him my father's name was Thomas Gardener; his
-countenance changed; said he, "I knew him well;" and he proved friendly
-to me. He appeared very kind, and offered to arrange my affairs so
-that I might return to New York through the States. I thought it best
-to decline his proposal, knowing my spirit would not suffer me to
-pass on, and see my fellow-creatures suffering without a rebuke. We
-remained four days on the wreck; the boxes that contained the sugar
-were taken out; the two bottom tiers were washed out clean. There were
-a great many people that came to see the vessel; they were astonished
-that she did not sink; they watched me very closely. I asked them what
-they wished. In the mean time, there came along a drove of colored
-people, fettered together in pairs by the wrist; some had weights,
-with long chains at their ankles, men and women, young and old.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> I
-asked them what that meant. They all were ready to answer. Said they,
-"these negroes have been impudent, and have stolen; some of them are
-free negroes from the northern ships;" "and what," I asked, "are they
-there for?" "For being on shore, some of them at night." I asked them
-who made them Lord over God's inheritance. They told me I was very
-foolish; they should think I had suffered enough to think of myself.
-I looked pretty bad, it is true; I was seated on a box, but poorly
-dressed; the mate had taken my clothes to a washer-woman; why he took
-this care, he was afraid to send the cook or steward on shore, as they
-were colored people. I kept still; but the other woman seemed to be in
-perfect despair, running up and down the deck, ringing her hands and
-crying, at the thought of all her clothes being destroyed; then her
-mind dwelt upon other things, and she seemed as if she were deranged;
-she took their attention for a few minutes, as she was white. Soon the
-washer-woman came with my clothes; they spoke to her as if she had
-been a dog. I looked at them with as much astonishment as if I had
-never heard of such a thing. I asked them if they believed there was
-a God. "Of course we do," they replied. "Then why not obey him?" "We
-do." "You do not;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> permit me to say there is a God, and a just one,
-that will bring you all to account." "For what?" "For suffering these
-men that have just come in to be taken out of these vessels, and that
-awful sight I see in the streets." "O that is nothing; I should think
-you would be concerned about yourself." "I am sure," I replied, "the
-Lord will take care of me; you cannot harm me." "No, we do not wish
-to; we do not want you here." Every ship that comes in, the colored
-men are dragged to prison. I found it necessary to be stern with them;
-they were very rude; if I had not been so, I know not what would have
-been the consequences. They went off for that day; the next day some
-of them came again. "Good morning," said they; "we shall watch you
-like the d&mdash;&mdash; until you go away; you must not say any thing to these
-negroes whilst you are here." "Why, then, do you talk to me, if you
-do not want me to say any thing to you? If you will let me alone, I
-will you." "Let me see your protection," they replied, "they say it is
-under the Russian government." I pointed them to the eighteenth chapter
-of Revelations and fifteenth verse: "The merchants of these things
-which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off, for the fear of her
-torment, weeping and wailing. For strong is the Lord God who judgeth
-her."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> They made no answer, but asked the Captain how soon he should
-get away.</p>
-
-<p>On the 17th, the Captain put eight of us on board the bark H. W. Tyler,
-for New York; we had about a mile to walk; the Captain was in honor
-bound to return us our passage money, which we had paid him at Jamaica;
-he came without it to see if we were there, and went away saying he
-would soon return with it; but we saw no more of him or our money! Our
-bark, and a vessel loaded with slaves, were towed down the river by the
-same steamer; we dropped anchor at the bottom of the bay, as a storm
-was rising. The 18th, on Sabbath, it rained all day. Captain Tyler
-knocked at my door, wishing me to come out; it rained hard; the bulwork
-of the bark was so high I could not look over it; he placed something
-for me to stand on, that I might see the awful sight, which was the
-vessel of slaves laying at the side of our ship; the deck was full of
-young men, girls and children, bound to Texas for sale! Monday, the
-19th, Captain Tyler demanded of us to pay him for our passage. I had
-but ten dollars, and was determined not to give it; he was very severe
-with all. I told him there were articles enough to pay him belonging
-to me. Those who had nothing, were obliged to go back in the steamer.
-Tuesday, the 20th, we set sail;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> the storm was not over. The 22d the
-gale took us; we were dismasted, and to save sinking, sixty casks of
-molasses were stove in, and holes cut in the bulworks to let it off;
-all the fowls, pigs, and fresh provisions, were lost. We were carried
-seventy-five miles up the bay of Mexico. The Captain was determined not
-to pay the steamer for carrying him back to New Orleans, and made his
-way the best he could.</p>
-
-<p>The 3d of October we arrived again at Key West. The Captain got the
-bark repaired, and took on board a number of turtles, and a plenty of
-brandy. Friday, the 7th, set sail for New York; the Captain asked me
-why I did not go ashore when there in the Comet; "had you," said he,
-"they intended to beat you. John and Lucy Davenport, of Salem, laid
-down the first ten dollars towards a hundred for that person who should
-get you there." The Florida laws are about the same as those at New
-Orleans. He was very talkative; wished to know if I saw any thing of
-the Creole's crew while at Jamaica. I told him they were all safe, a
-fine set of young men and women; one dear little girl, that was taken
-from her mother in Virginia, I should have taken with me, if I had had
-the money. He said his brother owned the Creole, and some of the slaves
-were his. "I never owned any; I have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> followed the sea all my life, and
-can tell every port and town in your State."</p>
-
-<p>October 19th, 1842, arrived at New York, and thankful was I to set my
-feet on land, almost famished for the want of food; we lost all of our
-provisions; nothing was left but sailors' beef, and that was tainted
-before it was salted. I went at once to those who professed to be
-friends, but found myself mistaken. I hardly knew what was best. I had
-put up at Mrs. Raweses; she did all she could to raise the twenty-five
-dollars that I must pay before I could take my baggage from the vessel.
-This seemed hard to obtain; I travelled from one to another for three
-days; at last I called at the Second Advent office; Mr. Nath'l Southard
-left his business at once, and took me to Mr. Lewis Tappan and others;
-they raised the money, and went with me to the ship after my baggage.
-It was three o'clock on Saturday afternoon when I called on Mr.
-Southard; the vessel and Captain belonged to Virginia, was all ready
-for sea, waiting for a wind; they had ransacked my things. I took from
-Jamaica forty dollar's worth of preserved fruits; part were lost when
-we were cast away in the Cornet, and some they had stolen. At eight
-o'clock on Saturday evening, I made out to have my things landed on the
-wharf; it was very dark, as it rained hard.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> My kind friend did not
-leave me until they were all safely lodged at my residence. I boarded
-there three weeks, thinking to come home; but it was thought best for
-me to wait, and see if Captain Miner came or not, hoping that I might
-recover my loss through him. I took a room and went to sewing, and
-found the people very kind.</p>
-
-<p>February, 1843, the colored men that went back to New Orleans, for
-the want of passage money, arrived at New York, wearied out. All the
-white people remained there. I waited in New York until the last of
-July, when I started for Boston. August 1st, 1843, arrived, poor in
-health and poor in purse, having sacrificed both, hoping to benefit
-my fellow-creatures. I trust it was acceptable to God, who in his
-providence preserved me in perils by land and perils by sea.</p>
-
-<div class="center"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<div>"God moves in a mysterious way</div>
-<div class="i1">His wonders to perform;</div>
-<div>He plants his footsteps on the sea,</div>
-<div class="i1">And rides upon the storm.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>"Deep in unfathomable mines</div>
-<div class="i1">Of never-failing skill,</div>
-<div>He treasures up his bright designs,</div>
-<div class="i1">And works his sovereign will."</div>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<p>Having lost all, I determined, by the help of God, to leave the event;
-some of my friends in this city sympathized with me, and others took
-the advantage to reproach me. But in the hands<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> of the Lord there
-is a cup; the Saviour drank it to the dregs. They gather themselves
-together; they hide themselves; they mark my steps; they waited for my
-soul, but the Lord is my defence, the Holy One of Israel is my Saviour.
-I'll trust him for strength and defence. What things were gain to me,
-I counted loss for Christ, for whom I have suffered all things; and
-do count them nothing, that I may win Christ and be found in him, not
-having mine own righteousness, which is of the Lord, but that which
-is through the faith of Christ, that which is of God by faith, that I
-may know him, and the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of
-his sufferings, being made conformable unto his death, strengthened
-with all might, according to his glorious power, unto all patience and
-long-suffering, with joyfulness, thinking it not strange concerning
-the fiery trials, as though some strange thing happened; for saith the
-apostle, it is better if the will of God so be that ye suffer for well
-doing, than for evil; they think it strange that ye run not with them
-to the same excess of riot, speaking evil of you. If they do these
-things in a green tree, what shall be done in a dry?</p>
-
-<div class="center"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<div>"I hate to walk, I hate to sit</div>
-<div class="i1">With men of vanity and lies;</div>
-<div>The scoffer and the hypocrite</div>
-<div class="i1">Are the abhorrence of my eyes.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>God knows their impious thoughts are vain,</div>
-<div class="i1">And they shall feel his power;</div>
-<div>His wrath shall pierce their souls with pain,</div>
-<div class="i1">In some surprising hour."</div>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<p>The first twenty months after my arrival in the city, notwithstanding
-my often infirmities, I labored with much success, until I hired with
-and from those whom I mostly sympathized with, and shared in common the
-disadvantages and stigma that is heaped upon us, in this our professed
-Christian land. But my lot was like the man that went down from
-Jerusalem and fell among thieves, which stripped him of his raiment,
-and wounding him departed, leaving him half dead. What I did not lose
-when cast away, has been taken from my room where I hired. Three times
-I had been broken up in business, embarrassed and obliged to move, when
-not able to wait on myself. This has been my lot. In the midst of my
-afflictions, sometimes I have thought my case like that of Paul's, when
-cast among wild beasts. "Had not the Lord been on my side, they would
-have swallowed me up; but blessed be the Lord who hath not given me a
-prey to their teeth."</p>
-
-<p>In 1848 and '49, the Lord was pleased to lay his hand upon me. Some
-of my friends came to my relief; but the promises of God were neither
-few nor small; he knows them that trust<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> and fear him, and in his
-providence had reserved the good Samaritan. One of my unretired friends
-made my case known to the Rev. Dr. Bigelow and wife, who sought me out
-in my distress. I shall not soon forget the morning she came to me,
-with an expression of love and kindness, wishing to know my case. Mrs.
-Bigelow was the daughter of Captain Theodore Stanwood, of Gloucester,
-whom Mr. Prince sailed with as steward the first time he went to
-Russia. Mrs. B. is one of the kind friends I speak of, when carried
-to Gloucester sick, in 1814; she was then a little miss. A friend of
-mine lived with her mother; she used to say that Amelia would not rest,
-when she came from school, till she had something to bring to my mother
-and me. Mrs. Bigelow and family were very kind, doing all in their
-power to make me comfortable, and even moved me from the house of the
-tyrant that I then hired from, and raised me up other kind friends;
-and, with the blessing of God and the counsel of Dr. Grey, my health is
-much improved. "I am as a wonder unto many, but the Lord is my strong
-refuge." Underneath him is the everlasting arm of mercy; misfortune is
-never mournful for the soul that accepts it, for such do always see
-that every cloud is an angel's face; sorrow connects the soul with the
-invisible. </p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>O Father, fearful indeed is this world's pilgrimage, when the soul has
-learned that all its sounds are echos, all its sights are shadows. But
-lo! a cloud opens, a face serene and hopeful looks forth and saith,
-"Be thou as a little child, and thus shalt thou become a seraph, and
-bow thyself in silent humility and pray, not that afflictions might
-not visit, but be willing to be purified through fire, and accept it meekly."</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>DIVINE CONTENTMENT.</h2>
-
-<h3><i>Advancement of Faith is Necessary.</i></h3>
-
-<p>All our disquietnesses do issue immediately from unbelief. It is this
-that raiseth the storm of discontent in the heart. Oh, set faith at
-work! It is the property of faith to silence our doubtings, to scatter
-our fears, to still the heart when the passions are up. Faith works the
-heart to a sweet serene composure: it is not having food and raiment,
-but having faith, which will make us content. Faith chides down
-passion; when Reason begins to swim, let Faith swim.</p>
-
-<p><i>Quest.</i> How doth Faith work contentment?</p>
-
-<p><i>Answ.</i> 1. Faith shows the soul that whatever its trials are, yet it is
-from the hand of a kind Father: it is indeed a bitter cup; but "shall I
-not drink the cup which my Father hath given me to drink?" (John xviii.
-11.) It is love to my soul; God <i>corrects</i> with the same love that he
-<i>crowns</i> me. God is now training me up for heaven; he carves me, to
-make me a polished pillar, fit to stand in the heavenly mansion. These
-sufferings bring forth patience, humility, even the peaceable fruits of
-righteousness, Heb. xii. 11. And if God can bring such sweet fruit<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> out
-of a sour stock, let him graft me where he please. Thus faith brings
-the heart to holy contentment.</p>
-
-<p>2. Faith sucks the honey of contentment out of the hive of the
-Promise.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> Christ is the Vine, the promises are the clusters of
-grapes that grow upon this Vine; and Faith presseth the sweet vine of
-contentment out of these spiritual clusters of the promises. I will
-show you but one cluster,&mdash;The Lord will give grace and glory, and
-no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly; (Psal.
-lxxxiv. 11,) here is enough for faith to live upon. The Promise is
-the flower out of which Faith distils the spirits and quintessence of
-divine contentment. In a word, Faith carries up the soul, and makes it
-aspire after more noble and generous delights than earth affords, and
-to live in the world above the world. Would you lead contented lives,
-live up to the height of your faith.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p>
-
-<h3><i>Breath after Assurance.</i></h3>
-
-<p>Oh, let us get the interest cleared between God and our own souls!
-Interest is a word much in use; a pleasing word: interest in great
-friends, interest-money. Oh, if there be an interest worth looking
-after, it is an interest between God and the soul. Labor to say with
-Thomas, my Lord and my God. To be without money and without friends,
-and without God too, (Eph. ii. 12,) is said; but he whose faith doth
-flourish into assurance, that can say, with St. Paul&mdash;I know in whom
-I have believed, (2 Tim. i. 12.) Be assured that man hath enough to
-give his heart contentment. When a man's debts are paid, and he can go
-abroad without fear of arresting, what contentment is this! Oh, let
-your title be cleared! if God be ours, whatever we want in the creature
-is infinitely made up in him. Do I want bread? I have Christ, the Bread
-of Life. Am I under defilement? His blood is like the trees of the
-sanctuary; not only for meat, but medicine, Ezek. xlvii. 12. If any
-thing in the world is worth laboring for, it is to get sound evidences
-that God is ours. If this be once cleared, what can come amiss? No
-matter what storms I meet with, so that I know where to put in for
-harbor. He that hath God to be his God, is so well contented with
-his condition, that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> he doth not much care whether he hath any thing
-else. To rest in a condition where a Christian cannot say God is his
-God, is a matter of <i>fear</i>: and if he can say so truly, and yet is not
-contented, is matter of <i>shame</i>. David encouraged himself in the Lord
-his God. Although it was sad with him, (1 Sam. xxx. 62.) Ziklag was
-burnt, his wives taken captive, he lost all, and had like to have lost
-his soldiers' hearts too&mdash;for they spake of stoning him&mdash;yet he had the
-ground of contentment within him, viz., an interest in God; and this
-was a pillar of supportment to his spirit. He that knows God is his,
-and that all that is in God is for his good; if this doth not satisfy,
-I know nothing will.</p>
-
-<h3><i>Pray for an Humble Spirit.</i></h3>
-
-<p>The humble man is the contented man: if his estate be low, his heart
-is lower than his estate; therefore he is contented. If his esteem is
-the world below, he that is little in his own eyes, will not be much
-troubled to be little in the eyes of others. He hath a meaner opinion
-of himself, than others can have of him. The humble man studies his
-own unworthiness; he looks upon himself as less than the least of
-God's mercies, (Gen. xxxii. 10,) and then a little will content him.
-He cries out with Paul, that he is the chief<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> of sinners, (1 Tim.
-i. 15,) therefore doth not murmur, but admire: he doth not say his
-comforts are small, but his sins are great. He thinks it a mercy he is
-out of hell; therefore, is contented. He doth not go to carve out a
-more happy condition to himself; he knows the worst piece God cuts him
-is better than he deserves. A proud man is never contented; he is one
-that hath an high opinion of himself; therefore, under small blessings
-is disdainful, under small crosses impatient. The humble spirit is
-the contented spirit; if his cross be light, he reckons it in the
-inventory of his mercies; if it be heavy, yet takes it upon his knees,
-knowing that when his estate is bad, it is to make him the better.
-Where you lay humility for the foundation, contentment will be the
-superstructure, and Christ the topstone.</p>
-
-<h3><i>Keep a clear Conscience.</i> 1 Tim. iii. 9.</h3>
-
-<p>Contentment is the <i>manna</i> that is laid up in the ark of a good
-conscience. Oh, take heed of indulging any sin! It is as natural for
-guilt to breed disquietude, as for the earth to breed worms. Sin lies
-like Jonah in the ship, it raises a tempest. If dust or motes be
-gotten into the eye, they make the eye water, and cause a soreness
-in it; if the eye be clear, then it is free from that soreness. If
-sin be gotten into the conscience,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> which is as the eye of the soul,
-then grief and disquiet breed there: but keep the eye of conscience
-clear, and all is well. What Solomon saith of a good stomach, I may
-say of a good conscience (Prov. xxvii. 7.) To the hungry soul every
-bitter thing is sweet; so to a good conscience every bitter thing is
-sweet; it can pick contentment out of the Cross. A good conscience
-turns the waters of Marah into wine. Would you have a quiet heart?
-Get a smiling conscience. I wonder not to hear Paul say, he was in
-every state content; when he could make that triumph&mdash;I have lived in
-all good conscience unto this day, Acts, xxiii. 1. When once a man's
-reckonings are clear, it must needs let in abundance of contentment
-into the heart. A good conscience can suck contentment out of the
-bitterest drug: under slanders&mdash;This is our rejoicing, the testimony
-of our conscience, 2 Cor. i. 12. In case of imprisonment, Paul had
-his prison-songs, and could play the sweet lesson of contentment when
-his feet were in the stocks, Acts xvi. 24. Augustine calls it the
-paradise of a good conscience. When the times are troublesome, a good
-conscience makes a calm: if conscience be clear, what though the days
-be cloudy?... Oh, keep conscience clear, and you shall never want
-contentment! </p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="center"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<div class="center">THE HIDING PLACE.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>Amid this world's tumultuous noise,</div>
-<div>For peace my soul to Jesus flies;</div>
-<div>If I've an interest in his grace,</div>
-<div>I want no other hiding place.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>The world with all its charms is vain,</div>
-<div>Its wealth and honors I disdain;</div>
-<div>All its extensive aims embrace,</div>
-<div>Can ne'er afford a hiding place.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>A guilty sinful heart is mine,</div>
-<div>Jesus, unbounded love is thine!</div>
-<div>When I behold thy smiling face,</div>
-<div>Tis then I see my hiding place.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>To save, if once my Lord engage,</div>
-<div>The world may laugh, and Satan rage:</div>
-<div>The powers of hell can ne'er erase</div>
-<div>My name from God's own hiding place.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>I'm in a wilderness below,</div>
-<div>Lord, guide me all my journey through,</div>
-<div>Plainly let me thy footsteps trace,</div>
-<div>Which lead to heaven my hiding place.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>Should dangers thick impede my course,</div>
-<div>O let my soul sustain no loss;</div>
-<div>Help me to run the Christian race,</div>
-<div>And enter safe my hiding place.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div>Then with enlarged powers,</div>
-<div>I'll triumph in redeeming love,</div>
-<div>Eternal ages will I praise</div>
-<div>My Lord for such a hiding place.</div>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> 'Tis a comfortable thought that the promises of God are
-all given for the express purpose that we may have great and strong
-consolations, who make our duty and our privilege to be found pleading
-them at the throne of grace;</p>
-
-<div class="center"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
-<div>O then be earnest, take no nay,</div>
-<div class="i1">He'll answer every good desire;</div>
-<div>Give him your hearts, though cold as clay,</div>
-<div class="i1">They'll melt like wax before the fire.</div>
-</div></div></div>
-</div></div>
-
-<pre style='margin-top:6em'>
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