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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48d2ad3 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #64998 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/64998) diff --git a/old/64998-0.txt b/old/64998-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 66e6334..0000000 --- a/old/64998-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2388 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Practical Phrenology Simplified, by Theodore -Foster - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Practical Phrenology Simplified - -Author: Theodore Foster - -Release Date: April 05, 2021 [eBook #64998] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Mike Stember and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGY -SIMPLIFIED *** - - - - - PHRENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS - OF THE - CHARACTER - - OF - - __________________________ - - By - - Given - - - - - NOTICE. - -It is recommended to use in the annexed table the numerals, from one -to eight, commencing in the column headed Very Small. It will then -exhibit the _relative_ developements of the organs in the head of the -_individual examined_. - - - +--------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ - | |Predominant. - | | |Very Large. - | | | |Large. - | | | | |Full. - | | | | | |Moderate. - | | | | | | |Rather Small. - | | | | | | | |Small. - | | | | | | | | |Very Small. - +--------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ - |_Domestic Propensities._ | | | | | | | | | - |Amativeness, | | | | | | | | | - |Philoprogenitiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Adhesiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Inhabitiveness, | | | | | | | | | - | -- | | | | | | | | | - |Concentrativeness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Selfish Propensities._ | | | | | | | | | - |Combativeness, | | | | | | | | | - |Destructiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Secretiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Alimentiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Acquisitiveness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Selfish Sentiments._ | | | | | | | | | - |Firmness, | | | | | | | | | - |Self-esteem, | | | | | | | | | - |Love of Approbation, | | | | | | | | | - |Cautiousness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Moral Sentiments._ | | | | | | | | | - |Conscientiousness, | | | | | | | | | - |Veneration, | | | | | | | | | - |Benevolence, | | | | | | | | | - |Hope, | | | | | | | | | - |Marvellousness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Intellectual Sentiments._| | | | | | | | | - |Identity, | | | | | | | | | - |Constructiveness, | | | | | | | | | - |Imitation, | | | | | | | | | - |Mirthfulness, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Perceptive Faculties._ | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |Individuality, | | | | | | | | | - |Form, | | | | | | | | | - |Size, | | | | | | | | | - |Weight, | | | | | | | | | - |Colour, | | | | | | | | | - |Order, | | | | | | | | | - |Calculation, | | | | | | | | | - |Locality, | | | | | | | | | - |Eventuality, | | | | | | | | | - |Time, | | | | | | | | | - |Tune, | | | | | | | | | - |Language, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - | _Reflective Faculties._ | | | | | | | | | - |Causality, | | | | | | | | | - |Comparison, | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | - |_Temperaments._ | | | | | | | | | - |Lymphatic, | | | | | | | | | - |Sanguine, | | | | | | | | | - |Bilious, | | | | | | | | | - |Nervous, | | | | | | | | | - +--------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ - - - - - PRACTICAL - PHRENOLOGY - SIMPLIFIED. - - BY - - THEODORE FOSTER. - - - PHILADELPHIA: - ORRIN ROGERS, 67 SOUTH SECOND STREET. - 1838. - - - - -Entered according to Act of Congress, A. D. 1838, by -Theodore Foster, in the Clerk’s Office of the District -Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. - - - E. G. DORSEY, PRINTER, - LIBRARY STREET. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - _Domestic Propensities_, 1 - Amativeness, _ib._ - Philoprogenitiveness, 5 - Adhesiveness, 8 - Inhabitiveness, 11 - Concentrativeness, 13 - - _Selfish Propensities_, 16 - Combativeness, _ib._ - Destructiveness, 19 - Secretiveness, 22 - Acquisitiveness, 26 - Alimentiveness, 30 - - _Selfish Sentiments_, 34 - Firmness, _ib._ - Self-esteem, 37 - Love of Approbation, 43 - Cautiousness, 46 - - _Moral Sentiments_, 49 - Conscientiousness, _ib._ - Veneration, 53 - Benevolence, 56 - Hope, 59 - Marvellousness, 62 - - _Intellectual Sentiments_, 65 - Ideality, _ib._ - Constructiveness, 68 - Imitation, 69 - Mirthfulness, 72 - - _Observing Faculties_, 75 - Individuality, _ib._ - Form, 78 - Size, 80 - Weight, 81 - Colour, 83 - Order, 85 - Calculation, 87 - Locality, 90 - Eventuality, 92 - Time, 95 - Tune, 96 - Language, 98 - - _Reflective Faculties_, 101 - Causality, _ib._ - Comparison, 103 - - _Temperaments_, 107 - - - - - PREFACE. - - -The present volume is designed to exhibit the subject of Practical -Phrenology in as clear and as perspicuous a light as its nature will -admit. To this purpose the author has aimed to divest it of all -extraneous matter, and at the same time to avoid all unnecessary -conciseness. The learner will here find a comprehensive view of the -functions of each organ, with their different effects on the character -when in various stages of developement, and also when compounded with -each other. - -The author presents few claims to originality. In a few instances he -has even adopted the language of others where it presented itself in a -felicitous manner--his aim being to make a good book rather than to add -to his own reputation. - -It is but proper here to state that the work has passed through the -press without the benefit of the author’s personal inspection--an -affection of the eyes rendering this service impossible. But for this -it might have received many _retouches_, which, if they did not add -materially to its _value_, might have improved its appearance. - - - - - DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES. - - -1. AMATIVENESS. - -This organ produces the sexual passion, and imparts to its possessor a -desire for the happiness of the opposite sex. In society it does much -to promote general kindliness of feeling, and urbanity of manners. - -Predominant.--One in whom this organ predominates, will incline to -be libidinous, licentious and lustful. If his moral organs are very -large, particularly Firmness and Conscientiousness, he may restrain -the outward expression of this feeling; but it will, nevertheless, be -powerful, and at times overwhelming. If long deprived of the society of -the other sex, he will feel lonesome and disconsolate. - -Large.--With large Amativeness and Adhesiveness, an individual will -be exceedingly attached to the society of the other sex; and will -be capable of readily ingratiating himself into their favour. If -with these organs large, and small Firmness and Conscientiousness, -although his love will be intense and fervid, yet he will be apt to be -capricious and fickle in his attachments. He will be inclined rather -to seek the favour of the sex generally, than to limit his regard to a -single object. If Adhesiveness, Inhabitiveness and Philoprogenitiveness -are large, he will be induced to marry early, but if Adhesiveness, -Philoprogenitiveness, and Conscientiousness are small, he will be -inclined to gratify this feeling without reference to the laws of -morality. With Self-esteem, Firmness, and Secretiveness large, although -he may love intensely, yet he will not allow his passion to predominate -over him; if disappointed, he will not be subdued, but manifest to the -spectator the appearance of unconcern. With such a combination, he -will, in all cases, feel much more intensely than his expressions will -imply. If Mirthfulness is large, and Conscientiousness and Ideality -small, he will be liable to joke, and be fond of licentious allusions. - -Moderate.--With a moderate developement of this organ, an individual -will take great pleasure in the society of ladies, whose taste and -feelings coincide with his own. If his Moral Sentiments and Intellect -are large, he will be averse to the society of the merely volatile and -frivolous. If Ideality and Love of Approbation are large, he will be -attracted by the company of the gay and fashionable. If Ideality and -Intellect generally, are large, he will be disgusted with vulgarity and -libidinous allusions. His passion will be deep, but not lasting, and -with a moderate amount of controlling organs he can restrain it at will. - -Small.--When this organ is small, an individual will be distant and -reserved towards females. If Adhesiveness is large, he may be attached -to the society of a select few; but the connexion will be of a strictly -Platonic character. He will be unable to feel the peculiar pleasures -of female society. If Adhesiveness and Philoprogenitiveness are large, -he may be disposed to a matrimonial alliance; but if these organs -are small, he will be decidedly averse to such a connexion. If one -with Moral Sentiments moderate, and Destructiveness and Self-esteem -large, under the influence of the aforementioned combination, were -to marry, the connexion would be necessarily an unfortunate one; his -attachment could not outlive the vicissitudes attending the marriage -state, and would inevitably degenerate into disdain and aversion. He -would, notwithstanding, be a fond parent, though his affection would -be capricious and ill regulated. With Adhesiveness, Conscientiousness, -Veneration, and Benevolence large, an individual’s regard for the wife -of his choice, if fortunate in his selection, will increase with time; -the strength of his superior sentiments more than supplying the want of -animal passion. - - -2. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS. - -The legitimate office of this organ is to produce love for one’s own -offspring. It produces, however, in the breast of its possessor an -affection for children indiscriminately; for the feeble and helpless; -for pets--as dogs, horses, cats, &c., and even for inanimate objects. -It has an influence in producing general kindliness of disposition. A -peculiarity of its character consists in its inspiring its possessor to -love with the fondest affection the child that is the most helpless, -and even the one that has caused the greatest solicitude and brought -down on its parent the deepest disgrace. - -Predominant.--An individual in whom this organ predominates has a -constant hankering for the society of children. If without them -himself, he views the deprivation as a great misfortune, and if his -circumstances are favourable, will be likely to adopt one, for the -purpose of exhausting the energy of this feeling upon it. He will be -likewise much attached to pets, as horses and dogs. - -Large.--Those who possess this organ large, betray it in every look and -motion when in company with children. They take the greatest delight -in their society, and enter into their little troubles and enjoyments -with the greatest zeal. They readily enlist their confidence, and can -easily control them. If deprived of their society, they will exhaust -their attachment upon some pet animal which they will frequently -fondle. When Combativeness, Destructiveness and Philoprogenitiveness -are large, an individual will punish children severely when they annoy -him, notwithstanding his great affection for them. If Self-esteem and -Combativeness are small, he will be liable to humour his children and -allow them improper indulgences. With Combativeness and Destructiveness -large, he will be apt to be capricious in his feelings towards -children, at one time humoring them, and at another petulant and cross. - -Moderate.--With Philoprogenitiveness moderate, a person will be -attached to his own children to a good degree, and may take some -interest in others after they begin to lose their infantile character. -This feeling, however, will not be durable. He will readily tire of -children when they annoy him. The death of a child will be a poignant -affliction to him, but it will be soon forgotten. If Destructiveness -and Self-esteem are large, he will be liable to punish them with -severity for trivial offences. - -Small.--With this organ small, a person will be exceedingly annoyed by -children. If a parent, he will consign the care of them to menials. In -all his intercourse with company, he will betray a marked indifference -to their society. If ever induced to amuse them, his awkwardness will -betray itself to the most casual observer. If Benevolence is large, -he will take all needful care of them; but if Secretiveness and -Destructiveness are large, he will delight to torment and teaze them. - - -3. ADHESIVENESS. - -This organ furnishes the instinct of social attachment. Towards the -object of its regard it excites the purest feelings of affection. It is -not satisfied with loving, it must also be loved, and requires for its -healthy existence a constant exchange of pure and radiant affection. It -diffuses its influence over the whole character of the man, and tends -to render him kind, amiable, and affectionate. It leads to the love -of company, and of social intercourse. While it is the germ of many -virtues, it is to be feared; in the present state of society, it is -likewise productive of many vices. - -Predominant.--With Adhesiveness predominant, an individual is -pre-eminently qualified to enjoy friendship, and will be miserable -without it. He will often feel the yearnings of affection coming over -him with all the intensity of a passion. His most vivid enjoyments are -experienced in the society of his friends. He readily recognises the -existence of a similar feeling in another, and, if circumstances are -favourable, they soon become intimate. - -Large.--One having Adhesiveness large, is eminently social and -affectionate. With large Moral organs, will make great sacrifices -to render his friends service, and will esteem the pleasures of -friendship as one of the chief sources of enjoyment. With Combativeness -and Destructiveness large, and Self-esteem moderate, will resent an -aggression upon a friend which he would not notice upon himself. If -Self-esteem is large, with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, -he will easily get angry with his friends, but will be readily -conciliated. With Benevolence and Love of Approbation large, is -exceedingly liberal and forward among friends; will do his utmost -to please and gratify them; earnestly desire their approbation; and -will be exceedingly sensitive to their reproaches. With Firmness and -Conscientiousness small, will be capricious in his attachments. With -Secretiveness and Self-esteem large, he will not fully express the -feelings which he experiences, and will thus leave the impression that -his affection is less than it really is. - -Moderate.--One having Adhesiveness moderate, may be strongly attached -to friends, but his friendships will be readily severed. He may -be companionable, and with large Benevolence will be generous and -good-hearted, but he will still lack that strong feeling of sympathy -without which friendship is but a name. - -Small.--With Adhesiveness small, an individual will be unsocial, -cold-hearted and selfish. If his moral organs predominate over -self-esteem, he may be companionable, but he will be nearly wanting in -the attributes of character ascribed to this organ. - - -4. INHABITIVENESS. - -This organ produces home-sickness, and causes a feeling of regret to -take possession of the mind when leaving a place in which one has long -resided. It is the first element of patriotism. It produces a desire to -locate and reside in a particular place, and adds much to the strength -of family attachments. - -Predominant.--One in whom Inhabitiveness predominates, is pre-eminently -attached to any place with which he has become familiar. It causes him -much pain to leave it, and he returns to it with eagerness. - -Large.--One having inhabitiveness large, will experience the most -poignant sensations of regret at leaving a place with which he has -become familiar. Even a particular house, garden, office or room, has -for him peculiar gratifications. With large Locality, will take delight -in travelling, but will be constantly harassed by thoughts of home. -This is more especially the case if Concentrativeness is large. If -Self-esteem and Veneration are large, he will be eminently patriotic, -and will defend his country from aspersions with as much vigour as -himself. Veneration being large, he will experience the profoundest -feelings of respect and regard for the memory of the departed worthies -of its history; and with large Individuality, Eventuality, &c., he will -take great delight in reading the history of his own country, and of -conversing upon its character and institutions. If long absent from -home, he is constantly curious, and eagerly seeks every means of being -informed concerning it. The peculiarities of the different places in -which he has resided often occur to him with feelings of the most vivid -pleasure. - -Moderate.--One in whom Inhabitiveness is moderate, will not change -his residence without regret, yet soon becomes reconciled to a new -location. If long absent from his country, Self-esteem being small, he -will become expatriated in feeling, and identify himself wholly with -the country in which he resides. - -Small.--When Inhabitiveness is small, the individual will be -constantly prompted to change his place of residence. Unless this -feeling is counteracted by the strength of other organs, he cannot get -familiarized with a place without becoming dissatisfied and restless. - - -5. CONCENTRATIVENESS. - -This organ imparts the power of continuity of thought. It also aids in -enabling its possessor to continue the action of the organs generally. - -Predominant.--One having Concentrativeness predominant, with Causality -large, will be much subject to absence of mind. He will be quite unable -to attend to more than one thing at a time, and will be generally -prolix in conversation. - -Large.--With large Concentrativeness, an individual will be much -disturbed if more than one thing claim attention at once; has a -strong inclination after taking up a subject to pursue it till he has -completed it. In conversation he will be much distracted if it is -desultory in its character. If a writer, his compositions will exhibit -a sustained unity of expression throughout. - -Moderate.--One with Concentrativeness moderate, is inclined to pursue -a subject or train of thought, but can be easily diverted from it. If -Causality and Intellect generally are moderate, is neither inclined to -pursue a study to its termination, nor is he able to pass rapidly to -another. With nervous temperament he will possess great versatility of -attention. - -Small.--With Concentrativeness small, an individual will be quite -unable to devote his attention for any length of time to a single -study or subject. In ordinary conversation, he will fly from one -subject to another, without order or arrangement. His friends, even if -strongly attached to them, will not be long thought of at a time. His -antipathies will be readily assuaged. He will possess great vivacity of -disposition. - - - - - SELFISH PROPENSITIES. - - -1. COMBATIVENESS. - -This organ gives the desire to oppose, resist and overcome. It renders -its possessor able to encounter difficulties, and to be bold and -strenuous in his opposition. If not properly regulated, it leads to a -desire to contradict and quarrel for the sake of opposition. It gives -vigour and zeal to the pugilist and warrior. - -Predominant.--When this organ predominates, the individual will be -bold, disputatious and quarrelsome. In an encounter he will never be -satisfied till he has obtained the mastery. He will display great nerve -and determination in whatever he undertakes. With Self-esteem large, -and Conscientiousness and Benevolence small, he will be extremely -quarrelsome and overbearing. - -Large.--With Self-esteem large, the individual will be pre-eminently -bold and enterprising. If Firmness is small, he will be wavering in -his views; but if Firmness is large, he will add perseverance to -courage, and never give up a point while a reasonable hope of success -remains. If with this combination, and Moral Sentiments small, he will -be litigious and quarrelsome. If Destructiveness is small, he will be -fond of disputing, but will avoid giving pain. If Destructiveness is -large, and Benevolence small, he will be vindictive and cruel, and -will ever be disposed to vindicate his own importance, regardless -of circumstances or the rights of others. If Love of Approbation, -Benevolence, Veneration and Conscientiousness are large, he will avoid -all low contentions, and will direct the action of this organ to the -maintenance of right and the enforcement of just opinion. - -Moderate.--One with moderate Combativeness, will forbear in a -contention as long as Self-esteem will allow. If his temperament is -active, he may be irritable and passionate, but upon the whole, will -be peaceable. If his religious feelings are strong, notwithstanding -his usual distaste for opposition, he will contend strenuously for the -rights of his church, and cheerfully encounter reproach for its sake. -If Acquisitiveness is large, and Self-esteem small, he will allow -himself to be insulted with impunity, but will resist every attack upon -his property. - -Small.--With Combativeness small, an individual’s character will be -mild and peaceable. He will rather submit to oppression than make -the requisite exertion to defend his rights. Above every thing else -he will desire peace. With Self-esteem small, he will be eminently -deficient in presence of mind in times of danger. He will quail under -opposition, and with Cautiousness large, will be timid and cowardly. -With Destructiveness large, and Benevolence small, he will be harsh and -severe where there is no resentment to be feared. With Acquisitiveness -large, he will be fond of acquiring by slow accumulations, rather than -by bold speculations. With Domestic Feelings large, he will avoid the -turbulent scenes of life, and seek refuge in quiet and retirement. - - -2. DESTRUCTIVENESS. - -This organ produces the propensity to exterminate and destroy. It -incites the murderer to his act of crime. It renders its possessor -harsh, cruel, and indifferent to the feelings of others, and is an -active element in the minds of all warriors, sportsmen and pugilists. - -Predominant.--With Destructiveness predominant, an individual will be -harsh, cruel and severe. His language will abound with pungent sarcasms -and cutting remarks. With large Combativeness, he will prefer arms as -a profession. With Self-esteem and Combativeness both large, he will -be distinguished for his energy and force of character. He will drive -through his purposes regardless of opposition. - -Large.--With Destructiveness large, and Benevolence small, an -individual will be cruel, sanguinary and severe. With Secretiveness and -Conscientiousness small, and Combativeness and Self-esteem large, he -will be exceedingly passionate and vindictive. With such a combination, -he will lose no opportunity of assailing the feelings of his opponents. -If Amativeness and Adhesiveness are large, he will be attached to his -family, yet will treat them often with great severity. If Combativeness -and Destructiveness are small, it will require much to excite him, but -when aroused, he will be vindictive to the last degree. If Benevolence -is large, he will not be sanguinary or cruel; but with Combativeness -moderate, will be mild and amiable in disposition, yet capable of -great severity when circumstances justify it. This combination enables -the surgeon to perform an operation with the requisite energy, and -yet without giving unnecessary pain. With Approbativeness small, -and Self-esteem, Conscientiousness and Benevolence large, he may -be charitable, yet he will often give needless offence in his -administrations of charity. He will destroy every thing that is not -absolutely valuable. - -Moderate.--With Destructiveness moderate, and Benevolence large, one -will be tender-hearted, and with small Combativeness, effeminate. With -moderate Benevolence, and large Self-esteem and Combativeness, he will -possess sufficient severity of character to enable him to succeed -in any lawful occupation. He will be naturally peaceful and opposed -to harsh measures when they can be avoided, yet will not refrain -from using severity when necessary. If Benevolence is large, and -Combativeness and Self-esteem moderate, he will lack energy and force -of mind; will easily sink under difficulties and submit quietly to -aggression and imposition. - -Small.--With Destructiveness small, an individual will be effeminate, -and with moderate Combativeness, be very destitute of energy and -force of character. He will be mild, inoffensive, and peaceable. The -performance of an action that requires the infliction of much pain, -will be to him nearly impossible. With Acquisitiveness moderate or -large, he will have a desire to preserve and lay by every thing that is -not absolutely worthless. It will give him pain to see any thing that -may possibly be of service destroyed. - - -3. SECRETIVENESS. - -This organ gives the desire and the talents for concealment. In its -abuse, it renders its possessor averse to, and almost incapable of, an -open-hearted expression. His remarks are sly, evasive and ambiguous. -His actions, he considers, are beyond the reach of human sagacity. It -is the foundation of all hypocrisy, deception and intrigue. - -Predominant.--One in whom Secretiveness predominates, will be sly, -conniving and hypocritical. It will be difficult for him to relate the -simplest incident without evasion. If he has an end to bring about, he -will seek to do it by some manœuvre, even when an open course would be -more effective. The most trifling actions of his life will be brought -about by stratagem. He looks upon others as being actuated by the same -motives as himself, and is constantly suspicious and watchful. He will -possess great tact, and be readily enabled to discover the motives -of others. In conversation, he is apt to hesitate and recommence his -sentences, and to answer in an ambiguous manner. - -Large.--With Secretiveness, Self-esteem and Conscientiousness large, -an individual will detest hypocrisy and duplicity, yet will be -exceedingly prudent and circumspect in his conversation and conduct. -He will be slow to make acquaintances, and will require a long time -ere he becomes intimate with them. With Love of Approbation large, he -will be deferential and polite, and will possess a superior tact at -making himself agreeable. With Comparison and Individuality large, he -will possess a good knowledge of human nature, will be well qualified -to detect intrigue, and of frustrating any designs upon himself. If -Self-esteem, Firmness and Secretiveness are large, he will endure pain -with the most heroic fortitude and forbearance. If Conscientiousness -be moderate, he will be very suspicious towards others, and will -be perpetually on his guard. If Destructiveness and Self-esteem -are large, he will be easily made angry, but with Cautiousness and -Firmness large, will restrain his feelings even when highly excited. -With Conscientiousness and Cautiousness large, it will be exceedingly -difficult for him to form an opinion. With Adhesiveness moderate, and -Imitation large, he will be liable to be very friendly to one’s face, -and abuse him in his absence. With Self-esteem and Firmness large, -will seldom yield to an opponent, but will very often deceive him by -appearing to have yielded. - -Moderate.--With Secretiveness moderate, and Self-esteem large, one will -be frank, candid and open-hearted in his ordinary intercourse with -society, yet will be capable, when necessity requires it, of intrigue -and duplicity. He will be frank, open and sincere to acquaintances, -yet will manifest much reserve to strangers. His ordinary conversation -will be discreet, yet, when excited, he will express his sentiments -regardless of consequences; this is more particularly true when -Cautiousness is small. He will then be distinguished for contrariety -of feeling, being prudent and circumspect at one time, and open, blunt -and offending at another. Conscientiousness being small, adds much to -the strength of Secretiveness. He will then use deception and intrigue -whenever they answer his purpose. If Self-esteem, Combativeness and -Destructiveness are large, he will be very blunt and decided, when -nothing is to be gained by an opposite course, and will express his -sentiments without scruple. - -Small.--With Secretiveness small, one is frank, candid and -open-hearted. He will freely relate even to comparative strangers all -his foibles and weaknesses, as well as his virtues and merits. He -expresses his hatred and dislikes without fear or favour. Strangers -will suppose his anger or displeasure to be greater than it really is. -With Destructiveness and Self-esteem large, he will get angry readily, -but if Concentrativeness is small, will soon recover his temper. He -will be often imposed upon in consequence of his relying too much on -others. If Love of Approbation and Benevolence are small, his demeanour -will be usually gruff and impolite. He will have great aversion to -outside show, will use plain and blunt expressions, and be fond of -forcible language. - - -4. ACQUISITIVENESS. - -This organ produces the desire to save, to hoard up and accumulate. It -induces its possessor to acquire property without reference to its -uses or his own necessities. It produces the instinct of property. - -Predominant.--A person in whom this organ predominates, will be -miserly, sordid and avaricious. He will look upon the accumulation of -property as the great end of human existence. If with a low education, -he will not scruple to steal and pilfer. - -Large.--With large Acquisitiveness, and small Benevolence, an -individual will be selfish, sordid and grasping; but with large -Conscientiousness, he will not trespass on the rights of others. With -Domestic Feelings small, he will be excessively penurious in regard to -his family, and will begrudge every shilling that is expended for their -benefit; but if Domestic Feelings are large, he will spend money freely -for the comfort of his family, when he would not on his own account. -With Love of Approbation and Ideality large, he will spend money -freely, in order that he may excel in dress, equipage, &c., while -at the same time, he will be excessively penurious in his dealings. -With large Veneration, he will look with much respect and awe upon -those who are distinguished for their wealth. With Love of Approbation -large, he will be anxious to avoid the reputation of littleness in -his dealings, and will often give to charitable objects, but will -give in such a way as it shall be known. With Firmness, Self-esteem, -Hope and Combativeness large, he will be eminently enterprising and -persevering. If Caution is small, will be apt to rush into speculations -heedlessly and recklessly; but if Caution is large, will be exceedingly -prudent and careful in what he undertakes; but when he has come to a -conclusion upon a point, he will pursue it with great zeal and energy. -If Secretiveness is large, he will have great ability to make a bargain -and effect an arrangement where many others would fail. If Cautiousness -is large, and Hope and Self-esteem moderate or small, he will be averse -to speculations and great enterprises, and prefer slow processes of -accumulation. If Firmness is small, he will be apt to be fickle in his -undertakings and not pursue them long enough to obtain his ends. If -Conscientiousness and Veneration be large, he may be induced to give -money to religious purposes. If Ideality and Veneration are large, he -will be likely to hoard antiquities, medals, &c. With large Intellect, -he will take great pleasure in accumulating a library. If Ideality -and Love of Approbation are small, he will care little for the beauty -of the binding or the neatness of the type; but with Ideality large, -he will spend money freely for these luxuries. With Perceptive organs -large, will be a good judge of property, &c. - -Moderate.--With moderate Acquisitiveness, Self-esteem and Love of -Approbation, a person may be close and economical in his dealings, be -shrewd, enterprising and industrious, may make and accumulate money, -but he will often spend it unnecessarily. With every desire, as he -supposes, to save, yet he will find at the end of the year that he has -expended much that he might have saved. If Alimentiveness is large, -he will be unable to deny himself the pleasures of the table. If -Adhesiveness is large, he will spend money freely for the gratification -of his friends. If Benevolence is large, he will give much to objects -of charity. He will look upon money as the means of enjoyment, and not -as the end of human exertion. - -Small.--A person in whom Acquisitiveness is small, will be unable to -understand the value of money, or to take pleasure in its acquisition, -and unless restrained by the influence of the moral feelings, will be a -spendthrift. - - -5. ALIMENTIVENESS. - -This organ imparts the relish for food and drink. Its activity is -increased when the person is engaged in eating or drinking. - -Predominant.--One in whom this organ is predominant, will be greatly -addicted to the pleasures of the table, will eat voraciously, and will -consider gustatory enjoyments one of the chief pleasures of existence. - -Large.--With Adhesiveness and Love of Approbation large, he will be -very fond of public dinners and festive occasions. If to these be added -Ideality large, the pleasures of these occasions will be heightened in -proportion to the splendour of their appearance. If Acquisitiveness is -large, there will be a continued struggle in his mind; the one wishing -to save money and the other to indulge in good living: the contest will -be decided by the character of his other developements and his worldly -circumstances. If Acquisitiveness is small, he will be regardless of -the expense of an entertainment, and will gratify his appetite without -reference to its cost. With Adhesiveness, Ideality and Approbativeness -large, he will take delight in entertaining his friends in a sumptuous -manner. With Conscientiousness, Veneration and Benevolence large, he -will often reproach himself for his extravagance in matters of the -table. With Mirthfulness, Imitation and Secretiveness large, will be -excessively fond of telling stories, and in “setting the table in a -roar.” With Ideality and Love of Approbation moderate, and Causality -and Self-esteem large, will be fond of entertaining company, but will -despise ceremony. - -Moderate.--With Alimentiveness moderate, a person is fond of a good -diet, but does not make it a prominent object of his attention. With -Benevolence large, he will cheerfully put up with meaner fare than he -is accustomed to when necessity requires it. If Acquisitiveness is -large, he will not expend much upon the pleasures of the palate. - -Small.--With Alimentiveness small, an individual will be quite -regardless of what he eats; will be unable to remember from one day to -another what he has eaten, and usually finds it difficult to decide at -table what dish to take first. With Destructiveness large, often speaks -bitterly of those who indulge in luxurious living. With large Love of -Approbation and Ideality, will give entertainments, but think more of -the respectability of his company and the splendour of the appearance -of his table, than of the quality of the food, &c. - - - - - SELFISH SENTIMENTS. - - -1. FIRMNESS. - -The tendency of this organ is to give constancy and perseverance to -the other powers, and aids their activity and force. Its impulses are -sometimes mistaken for will. This, however, is not correct, as the -action of this organ urges _only to a continuance_ in the same purpose, -the same mode of thinking, and the same cause of action. It adds force -to resolution, and is the active element in fortitude, perseverance -and endurance. With a strong endowment of this organ, persons find it -difficult to enter readily into the feelings of others, or to feel new -emotions suddenly. - -Predominant.--With Firmness predominant, a person will exhibit -unyielding pertinacity of character throughout all the vicissitudes of -life. No misfortune will appal him. His fortitude of character will -enable him to rise superior to every affliction. Having once commenced -a pursuit, he will never relinquish it till compelled to do so by the -force of circumstances. His opinions will seldom change, and his whole -appearance and manner will exhibit the man of firmness and decision. He -may be a good master, but he will be an unwilling servant. - -Large.--With this organ large, a person will be of an unmovable -character, firm in his resolutions, and constant in his principles. He -attends little to exhortations or examples, his conduct is uniform, -and his exertions may be calculated on in all the various situations -of life. With Combativeness and Self-esteem large, he will never -relinquish a pursuit while a hope of success remains, and with but -moderate Cautiousness and Causality, will be deaf to all remonstrance -or advice. With large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, he will seek -for independence, yet be just and benevolent. An attack upon his -opinions will increase the tenacity with which he maintains them. With -large Self-esteem, he will be distinguished for presence of mind in -times of danger. - -Moderate.--With Firmness moderate, a person will continue constant -only in those purposes in which he is aided by the other organs. If -Conscientiousness is large, and the Selfish Propensities small, he -will continue inflexibly just through all temptations of life. If -Acquisitiveness is large, he will never waver in his pursuit of riches. -If Self-esteem is small, and Love of Approbation large, he will be -entirely dependent on the will of his associates. It will be quite -impossible for him to have an opinion of his own. - -Small.--With Firmness small, a person cannot be said to have a -will of his own. He will follow the last impulse he receives, and -without strength to resist, will be an easy instrument of every one -he meets. The actions of his life will take their character from -the other organs, and he will thus be constant in the gratification -of predominant dispositions. With large Acquisitiveness, he will -be constant in his efforts to become rich, but he will be unsteady -in the means he employs. With large Benevolence, Combativeness and -Destructiveness, he will be now all kindness, and anon passionate, -violent and outrageous. With an active temperament, he will enter on -his pursuits with great avidity, and follow them up with commendable -zeal, until perhaps, near their accomplishment, and then fly away to -something else. This state of mind is increased by great Cautiousness, -and diminished by large Self-esteem. - - -2. SELF-ESTEEM. - -This organ produces the feeling of individual personality, or of -personal identity. It causes the feelings of self-love, self-respect, -self-complacency. It imparts to the individual a high opinion of -himself, and of every thing pertaining or belonging to himself. The -most insignificant object, when in the possession of an individual -with this feeling strong, assumes a value and an importance, in his -own estimation, which nothing could have given it before. To such a -person, the idea of self is perpetually before him. Let an idea be -suggested, and his first consideration will be as to how it will affect -his own condition. It gives a cold and repulsive appearance to the -individual, and renders him particularly obnoxious to others having -the same organization. It renders one averse to submission, and gives -an inclination to assume the lead. When properly regulated, it adds -dignity to the whole demeanour, and gives a nobleness to the character -which effectually prevents any action of meanness or servility. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, an individual will be proud, -haughty and supercilious. Whatever he possesses, he considers superior -to that belonging to any one else. In his judgment and actions he -scorns all advice, and looks down with contempt on his fellow-men. He -admits no dictation. He never submits to advice, but assumes the lead -on all occasions. Any thing like familiarity revolts him. His whole -appearance indicates assurance and presumption. When excited, he is -disposed to go to the greatest extremes. “He will have many enemies, -and will be regardless of the frown or the favour of men; intractable, -domineering, repulsive, conceited, jealous, austere, he considers -himself nearly infallible.” - -Large.--With this organ large, the individual is endowed with that -degree of self-complacency which enables him to apply his powers to -the best advantage, in every situation in which he may be placed. With -Combativeness and Firmness large, and Destructiveness moderate, he is -eminently qualified to sustain himself in any situation in which he -may be placed. With this organization, he will be bold, energetic, -persevering, and surpassingly independent. No difficulties will appal -him, and no force of circumstances of an ordinary character, will deter -him from the prosecution of his designs. With large Conscientiousness, -he will be honourable and high-minded in the extreme. With large -Conscientiousness, Veneration, Ideality, Benevolence and Causality, -he will rather suffer death than commit a dishonourable action. If -Conscientiousness, Benevolence and Veneration are deficient, he will be -dogmatic, imperious and haughty, and will be constantly striving for -power, which, when obtained, he invariably abuses. If an author, with -Ideality, Language and Comparison large, he will write in a sustained -and lofty style, never descending to a common-place expression. If his -Domestic Feelings are large, with Combativeness and Destructiveness -large, he will be tenderly attached to his family, and take great pride -and interest in them, yet will require from them implicit obedience. -With Cautiousness and Causality large, he will be induced to seek -advice, but only for the purpose of enabling him to form his own -opinion. With Cautiousness large, he will often appear disconcerted -and diffident, in consequence of his anxiety about matters likely to -affect him. With Firmness, Secretiveness and Imitation large, a person -will never act in a subordinate station. Let his situation in life be -what it may, he will always be a leader. - -Moderate.--With Self-esteem moderate, and with a favourable -developement of other organs, one will have sufficient self-respect -for the ordinary occupations of life, but he will never be able to put -himself forward in any great undertaking, or to command that general -influence and esteem as he would do with a larger developement of this -organ. With Cautiousness, Love of Approbation and Veneration large, -he will be humble, timid and abashed in the presence of superiors or -strangers. He will lack the requisite independence to vindicate his -own opinion, and will be too ready to give way to that of others. With -this organization, and large Intellect, he may possess great abilities, -but for want of self-confidence requisite to enable him to make his -way through opposition, he will be much underrated. It will give him -pain to be obliged to trespass on the attention of others, and he will -suffer greatly from a feeling of unworthiness. With small Cautiousness, -Firmness, Combativeness and Destructiveness, he will be enterprising -and persevering, yet will lack that force of character requisite for -important undertakings. With large Veneration, Conscientiousness and -Intellect, he will be respectful towards others, and will not be -deficient in respect for himself. - -Small.--With Self-esteem small, one will be humble and submissive. No -matter how exalted may be the character of his intellect, a feeling of -unworthiness will accompany all his actions. He will ever associate -with inferiors. His language will be trifling and common-place. Let his -talents be what they may, he will never rise from an inferior station. - - -3. LOVE OF APPROBATION. - -This organ excites the desire of notice, praise, distinction and -recognition. It is an active element in the mind of the office -seeker, the soldier, the actor, the statesman, &c. It inspires the -fop, and sustains the buffoon. It causes a desire to be approved as -well as noticed, but it prefers censure to inattention. When properly -regulated, it induces amiability of disposition. - -Predominant.--An individual with this organ predominant, will be -grossly vain and fantastical. Every action of his life will be -calculated to excite attention. He will appear to think as though the -world had little else to do than to be attentive to his actions. - -Large.--With this organ large, a person will be distinguished for -the regard he places upon his character. The disapprobation of his -fellow-men will be displeasing to him in a high degree. In his -intercourse with society, he will be polite and courteous, avoiding -every thing harsh, austere or repulsive. If Conscientiousness and -Intellect are deficient, he will be a braggart, and will often speak -of his feats and performances. If thrown into evil company, he will -be foremost in all deeds of wickedness. With Self-esteem large, and -Causality moderate or small, will be exceedingly proud and vain, -will use much ceremony, and will be very affected in his manner and -conversation; and if Ideality and Individuality are large, will be -exceedingly fond of dress and finical decorations. With Adhesiveness -large, and Firmness moderate or small, one will be influenced by -the opinions of his friends and associates, and will give way to -them in opposition to the dictates of his own judgment. With this -combination, and Destructiveness and Combativeness large, will get -easily offended, and construe the least inattention from his friends -into dislike or insult. With Cautiousness, Secretiveness, Veneration -and Conscientiousness large, or very large, and Self-esteem small, -will be very desirous to please, and will evince great anxiety to -carry out this object; will feel great respect for superiors in age, -talents, &c.; will entertain a feeling of his own inferiority, and -also of reserve, which will have the effect of making him timid and -bashful. With Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-esteem, Firmness, -Ideality, Individuality, Eventuality and Language large, and Comparison -and Causality large, will possess talents for an exalted order, and -an ardent ambition of fame. This combination will enable him to -distinguish himself for intellectual greatness. - -Moderate.--With this organ but moderately developed, a person will -by no means be insensible to the opinions of the world, yet, if -Self-esteem and Conscientiousness are large, he will not allow its -opinions to force him from the path of duty. If Adhesiveness is large, -the opinion of his friends will have much influence over him. If -Firmness, Self-esteem and Combativeness are large, he will be austere -and independent, doing what his own feelings dictate, regardless of -the frowns or favours of his fellow-men. - -Small.--With Love of Approbation small, one will almost be insensible -to the feelings of shame, and will be nearly regardless of public -opinion. With small Ideality, he will be slovenly in his dress and -appearance. - - -4. CAUTIOUSNESS. - -This organ is the parent of fear. It urges its possessor to use every -precaution possible for his individual safety. It is excited by every -object that has power to affect his condition, or the condition of the -objects of his other feelings. It renders one prudent, circumspect and -judicious. - -Predominant.--When this organ predominates, the individual will be -timid, irresolute and undecided. He will never by any accident give -way to a flow of ideas. For the most insignificant undertakings he -will prepare with the greatest precaution, and will never form a -connexion without subjecting it to the most rigorous examination. If -Destructiveness is large, and Hope not more than moderate, he will be -liable to commit suicide. - -Large.--With Cautiousness large, a person will be habitually careful, -cautious and prudent in all his transactions in life. He will never -take a step without due consideration. If Self-esteem, Combativeness -and Destructiveness are large, he will be wary and prudent in entering -upon an undertaking, but when he has commenced, he will prosecute it -with great energy and boldness. - -Moderate.--With but a moderate developement of this organ, and with -large Hope and Self-esteem, one will be habitually reckless and -imprudent; but if these organs are small, and Causality and Comparison -large, he will not lack discretion in ordinary occupations of life, -or in cases where his other organs create a lively interest. If -Acquisitiveness is large, he will be prudent in business transactions. -If the Domestic Feelings are strong, he will be anxious respecting the -welfare of his family; and if Love of Approbation is strong, he will be -particularly careful in whatever regards his own reputation. - -Small.--With Cautiousness small, a person will act according to the -dictates of his other faculties, unrestrained by timidity or fear. -He will be rash, precipitate and perfectly regardless of the results -of his conduct. If with a sanguine temperament, and Hope moderate or -large, his disposition will be gay and cheerful, and will be too much -engrossed with the present. - - - - - MORAL SENTIMENTS. - - -1. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. - -This organ views all actions in their moral aspect. It operates as an -internal monitor, prescribing to its possessor the claims of truth -and duty. Its power, however, does not enable it to decide upon what -is abstractly just or unjust. This is affected by the character of -the other organs with which it is combined. A person with large -conscientiousness, and large Selfish Propensities, will consider an -action just, which another, with the same amount of Conscientiousness, -and smaller propensities, will consider unjust. This organ is essential -to the formation of a truly philosophic mind, especially in moral -investigations. It produces the desire of discovering the tact of -recognising it when discovered, and that perfect reliance on its -invincible supremacy which gives at once dignity and peace to the mind. - -Predominant.--When this organ predominates, the individual looks always -and only for truth, and receives it from whatever source it comes. He -is thus disposed to regulate his conduct by the wisest sentiments of -justice, which imparts an earnestness, integrity and directness in his -manner, that leaves no room to doubt of his sincerity. He desires to -act justly from the love of justice, unbiased by fear, interest or any -sinister motive. When the actions have been contrary to the dictates -of this organ, it produces remorse, repentance, a sense of guilt and -demerit. - -Large.--With this organ large, and the Selfish Propensities moderate, -one will be eminently just and honest in all his dealings. He can -never be brought to sacrifice duty to expediency. With large Firmness -and Combativeness, he will be particularly firm, bold and decided on -all questions of moral duty. He will never shrink from the advocacy -of right, or from sustaining the defenceless from the unjust attacks -of their enemies. If with this combination, Destructiveness is large, -he will be inclined to severely censure any trickery or dishonesty in -others; and if Causality is not large, he will consider himself the -standard of truth and justice, by which all others must be judged. - -Moderate.--With but a moderate developement of this organ, one will -endeavour to act justly; and if Causality and Comparison are large, -and the Selfish Propensities small, he will generally do so; but if -the Selfish Propensities are very strong, he will be guided more by -considerations of interest than of duty. If with this combination, -and Adhesiveness large, while he will take advantage of a stranger in -a pecuniary transaction, no power of circumstances can induce him to -trespass on the rights of a friend. His compunctions of conscience will -be few and feeble. He will not be scrupulous about what he requires of -others, seeming to claim as a right, that they should make sacrifices -to his interest and inclination. He will look more to the effect that -actions and opinions will have upon himself, than upon their moral -character. If Love of Approbation, Secretiveness and Destructiveness -are large, he will be likely to indulge in harsh, censorious and unjust -remarks upon the character of his neighbours, while at the same time, -if Acquisitiveness is moderate or small, he will be strictly just in -all his dealings. - -Small.--With Conscientiousness small, one will have few or no -compunctions of conscience; he will be ever ready to justify himself to -himself, have little or no regard for moral principle, and an imperfect -idea of right and wrong in the abstract. With large Self-esteem, -Benevolence, and Adhesiveness, and with small Acquisitiveness and -Secretiveness, he may be honest and kind-hearted in his general -conduct, but it will be because he considers it dishonourable and -unmanly to commit a mean action, and because it pains his Benevolence -and Adhesiveness to injure another. With this combination he will -extol his friends in the highest terms, but if he gets angry with them, -he will traduce and vilify them, being in both cases regardless of -their true merit. If Love of Approbation is large, he will adopt every -means to please without regard to justice or propriety. - - -2. VENERATION. - -This organ produces the sentiment of reverence, without regarding the -character of the object on which it seeks exercise. By its influence -man adores God, venerates saints, and respects parents, teachers and -superiors in general. This organ is the source of natural religion, or -that tendency to worship a superior power which manifests itself in -every nation yet discovered. - -Predominant.--With Veneration predominant, a person if religious, will -be extremely devout, and will experience the most profound feelings -of awe and respect in contemplating the attributes of the deity. If -Marvellousness and Conscientiousness are large, he will be extremely -susceptible of religious impressions, and will not fail to become a -devout and enthusiastic adherent of the church. - -Large.--A person with Veneration large, will feel profound respect -for all persons and objects that are aged and venerable, or in any -way entitled in his estimation to respect and confidence. With large -Benevolence and Conscientiousness, he will not only act justly and -charitably, but his actions will be accompanied and sustained by a -feeling of respect and reverence for the abstract principles of justice -and charity, that cannot be conceived by those who have this organ -small. With large Love of Approbation, and small Conscientiousness, he -will be disposed to think highly of those who are in high stations, the -rich, the powerful and the grand. If Combativeness and Destructiveness -are large, and Acquisitiveness small, while he may look with contempt -upon the merely wealthy, he will feel much respect for the memory and -character of the brave and patriotic. With large Intellect, the action -of this organ will be exerted towards the character and persons of -literary men. - -Moderate.--With this organ but moderately developed, the sentiment -of respect in general will have but a limited influence over the -character of the individual. If Conscientiousness and Marvellousness -are large, he will probably be religious, but he will not be so devout -and enthusiastic in his devotions as many others with less real piety. -If Love of Approbation is large, he will be exceedingly courteous and -attentive, but his conduct will lack that deference and respect so -necessary to conciliate esteem. - -Small.--With Veneration but small, a person will be almost wholly -destitute of the qualities ascribed to this organ. He may be religious, -but the act of devotion will be a task to him, and he will be enabled -to conceive those feelings of solemnity and awe, with which many are -exercised. Children so constituted are disobedient and inattentive to -their parents and teachers. - - -3. BENEVOLENCE. - -This organ produces the desire of the happiness of others, and -disposes to compassion and goodness of heart. It produces liberality -of sentiment towards all mankind, and a disposition to love them -and contribute to their pleasures. The benevolent man cannot feel -happy, as long as famine, bodily suffering and mental misery are the -bitter portion of his fellow creatures. He will never complain of -the heartlessness or the ingratitude of others. He is so well aware -of wishing well to others, that he does not doubt of their good will -towards himself. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, one may almost be said to -be the victim of his kindness, good will and sympathy to others. In -his zeal for the welfare of his fellow creatures, he seldom thinks of -himself. In society, he restrains all his selfish inclinations, for -fear of giving uneasiness to others. He will frequently meditate upon -the miseries of mankind, and consider the various means of relieving -their wretchedness. - -Large.--With Benevolence large, one will be kind, charitable and -forgiving. His whole demeanour will indicate goodness of disposition. -If Secretiveness is small, he will be especially liable to imposition, -as he will be conscious of entertaining no designs against others, -and will suspect none against himself. If Adhesiveness is large, and -Acquisitiveness small, he will be exceedingly liberal and generous. -He will find it difficult to withstand the solicitations of charity, -and will be especially alive to the interests of his friends. With -Acquisitiveness large, he will be well disposed to charitable -objects, but will seldom ever give to them substantial aid. He will -be more likely to give his time and advice than money. If, with this -combination large, Love of Approbation be added, it will greatly aid -the effect of Benevolence. With but moderate Destructiveness, it will -be difficult for him to witness suffering or pain; yet, with large -Destructiveness, when it is necessary, notwithstanding his general -kindness of disposition, can witness and even inflict pain, and take -pleasure in it. - -Moderate.--With Benevolence moderate, one will be kindly and well -disposed towards others, yet, except on extraordinary occasions, will -not make many sacrifices to their good. If Acquisitiveness and the -Selfish Feelings generally are large, he will be avaricious and selfish -to the last degree, and yet not be absolutely insensible to the claims -of the unfortunate. If Love of Approbation is large, he may often give -to charitable purposes, but it will be more for the sake of having his -acts the subject of conversation than out of good will to the object. -If Self-esteem, Combativeness and Destructiveness are large, he will -be harsh, cruel and severe, and will be apparently utterly regardless -of the feelings of his fellow men. - -Small.--With Benevolence but small, one will be unfeeling and cruel. -If Conscientiousness is large, he will not trespass on the rights -of others in any particular, but his whole conduct will exhibit, -notwithstanding, a disregard of all the tender amenities of life, and -an almost utter absence of sympathy and good feeling. - - -4. HOPE. - -This organ induces the mind to contemplate the future with high -anticipations of being able to realize whatever the other feelings -desire. It thus causes us to be gay and cheerful, and to preserve the -equanimity of our temper amidst difficulties and misfortune. Those -who are destitute of it are prone to disobedience. Their ideas of the -future are always dark and gloomy. - -Predominant.--With Hope predominant, an individual is constantly -revelling in the bright prospects of the future. He will be so sanguine -of success, that he will neglect the means by which success can be -attained. He will be credulous and visionary in all his enterprises and -undertakings. - -Large.--With Hope large, one always views the future with bright -anticipations. If Caution and Causality are large, he will never -be carried away by his expectations, but will pursue generally a -prudent course, and not allow his hopes to hurry him into imprudent -measures. If Combativeness, Firmness, Self-esteem and Ideality are -large, he will be bold, speculative and enterprising; and if Caution -is small, will be excessively rash, precipitate and imprudent, often -attempting undertakings which to the less sanguine appear impossible. -With this combination, he will never be cast down or discouraged; the -vicissitudes of fortune have no power to repress his energy or restrain -his enterprise. - -Moderate.--With Hope moderate, one’s expectations will be sanguine, -but not immoderately so. If Firmness, Self-esteem, Combativeness and -Destructiveness are large, he will attempt important undertakings, -and count with much certainty and pleasure their chances of success. -If Cautiousness is large, he will despond much more than hope, will -never attempt enterprises, unless their chances of success are almost -certain; will expect too little, rather than too much, and will not be -sanguine or cheerful. - -Small.--With Hope small, a person will be constantly low spirited and -melancholy. The brightest prospects can hardly excite his spirits. He -will dwell perpetually upon the dark side of appearances, and will want -enterprise and spirit. - - -5. MARVELLOUSNESS. - -This organ produces credulity of mind. It predisposes to believe -without sufficient testimony, and delights in contemplating the -strange and wonderful. It has been supposed, that this organ is given -to enable the mind to believe in those passages in Revelation, in -which supernatural performances are related, and that consequently -it increases the zeal and fervour of the devout and religious. Its -more general manifestations, are to give a fondness for supernatural -stories, and a love of the strange, the new and the marvellous, and -sometimes leads to a desire to visit mysterious and unfrequented -countries. - -Predominant.--With Marvellousness predominant, one will be exceedingly -credulous and visionary in all his views. He will readily take for -granted whatever is told him of a wonderful character. He will -disregard simple causes, and be disposed to account for any thing a -little unusual by a forced and unnatural conclusion. - -Large.--With Marvellousness large, and Veneration large, a person, -if religious, will be eminently devout and superstitious. He will -readily believe in special providences, divine agency, &c. With -large Eventuality and Ideality, will be passionately fond of reading -marvellous accounts, hair-breadth escapes, &c. With large Cautiousness, -and small Causality, will be afraid of ghosts, and will profess often -to see apparitions. - -Moderate.--With but a moderate developement of this organ, and with -large Causality and Comparison, one will be rather sceptical in his -views, requiring much proof before his assent can be gained, yet at the -same time, will keep his mind open to conviction, and will be willing -to give subjects a considerate examination. If Causality is small, -he will often adopt principles upon insufficient grounds; and with -Ideality large, will be exceedingly fond of marvellous tales, and of -fictitious excitement of a mysterious character. - -Small.--With Marvellousness small, one will be exceedingly incredulous -and sceptical. It will be impossible for him to believe any thing -but what is susceptible of the clearest demonstration. With Ideality -moderate or small, he will have great aversion to marvellous stories -and fictitious works generally. With Veneration small, he may be -religious, but his mind will be peculiar. He will not submit to the -teaching of any man, and will form his creed from the results of his -own reading and reflection. - - - - - INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS. - - -1. IDEALITY. - -This organ imparts a relish and a desire for the beautiful, the -elevated and the exquisite. It renders its possessor constantly alive -to impressions of beauty, and leads to a desire of improvement. Those -who possess it large are never satisfied with sober reality; but -delight to revel in the illusions of fancied existence. - -Predominant.--With Ideality predominant, one will live in a state -of constant illusion. He will be enthusiastic and chimerical in all -his views and opinions. His enjoyments will be of the most intense -description, and his suffering of the same character. Plain matter of -fact and sober reality will disgust him. He will be ever striving -after the refined and the ideal. He will be an enthusiastic admirer of -poetry and the fine arts, and all objects of taste. - -Large.--With this organ large, one will possess a rich and glowing -fancy, and a natural refinement and exquisiteness of taste. With -Benevolence large, he will be much afflicted at the miseries of -mankind, and will long for a state of existence where happiness is -unalloyed and pleasure interminable. With Adhesiveness large, his ideas -of friendship will be of the most exquisite and refined description. -With Colour, Form and Size large, he will be an excellent judge of -paintings, and will be exceedingly fond of them; with Locality and Form -large, will take great delight in picturesque scenery, in flowers, -trees, &c. With large Language and Comparison, will employ many -metaphors and figures of speech in his writings and conversations; with -Self-esteem and Comparison large, he will be exceedingly choice in his -use of language; and if, with this combination, Language be large, and -Causality small, he will have many more words than ideas, and will -converse much more than think. He will be superficial and showy, rather -than solid. With Amativeness and Adhesiveness large, will be fond of -such poetry as is the subject of love and passion. With Imitation and -Marvellousness large, will never relapse in his efforts for improvement. - -Moderate.--With Ideality moderate, one will not be insensible to -the beauties of nature and art, yet will never allow his fancy to -obtain the mastery over him. He will seldom experience a high degree -of enthusiasm and rapture of feeling, and be rather a plain and -matter-of-fact character. If Causality is large, he may relish fiction, -but it will be more for its sentiment than for its ideal qualities. If -Self-esteem is small, his language will be exceedingly plain, and he -will never attain a high degree of refinement and polish of manners. - -Small.--With Ideality small, one will be incapable of appreciating -beauty. His views and sentiments will be coarse and unrefined. His -expressions will be low and vulgar. He will have great aversion to -poetry, paintings and all works of taste. - - -2. CONSTRUCTIVENESS. - -This organ furnishes the inclination to construct, to build, and to -invent. It is supposed by many, that this organ of itself is a proof -of the ability to be an operative mechanic, but this is an error; -the office of the organ is only to manifest the desire by which the -intellect is excited to its gratification. To possess a high degree -of inventive power, one must not only possess a large organ of -Constructiveness, but a favourable intellect; and to be a successful -practical mechanic, it is requisite to have along with these two -requisites, a large developement of Form, Size, Weight, &c. - -Predominant.--With Constructiveness predominant, one will possess a -high degree of natural ability for planning, contriving, building, &c. -He will take great delight in contemplating works of architecture, and -other subjects of human ingenuity. - -Large.--With large Constructiveness and Imitation, one will excel in -making after a pattern; but if Form, Size and Weight are small, he will -be unable to construct from his own invention. - - -3. IMITATION. - -The function of this organ is to enable its possessor to do whatever he -has witnessed performed by others. It leads to a desire to represent, -mimic, act, copy, &c. It greatly facilitates the learning of a -foreign language, and is an essential ingredient in the character of -the skilful mechanic. The gestures of the active are prompted by the -same feeling. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant will be given to practice -mimicry and representation. If Secretiveness is large, he will be well -calculated for the stage, and can readily represent any feeling or -sentiment that he may be enabled to conceive. With large Eventuality, -Individuality and Mirthfulness, will readily notice all the -peculiarities of his associates, and be perpetually turning them into -ridicule. - -Large.--With large Love of Approbation, Ideality, Self-esteem, -Individuality and Secretiveness, one will be able readily to adapt -himself to the customs and forms of any society in which he may be -thrown. With this combination and tolerably favourable opportunities -for observation, his manners will be highly polished and agreeable. -With large Form, Size and Ideality, can readily copy or imitate a -superscription, or other writing, and with proper discipline will -excel in drawing. With large Constructiveness, Form and Size, will be -highly capable of excelling in a mechanical profession. With large -Secretiveness, can relate stories with great force. With large -Secretiveness, Individuality, Eventuality, Language and Comparison, he -will excel in description, and be capable of giving force and life to -his ideas that will fasten them upon the recollection of his auditors. -With Secretiveness and Firmness large, can restrain the expression of -pain in the most heroic manner, and assume the appearance of perfect -health. If Secretiveness is small, he will be unable to imitate a -character, or mimic, yet will nevertheless be able to draw, &c. - -Moderate.--With but a moderate developement of this organ, one will -find great difficulty in description, imitating, or in any performance -that requires the exercise of this faculty. With large Secretiveness, -he will be enabled to relate stories, but he can never be able to -represent any continued action, or carry out a successful description. - -Small.--With Imitation small, an individual will be almost wholly -destitute of the attributes ascribed to this organ. He will be unable -to represent very accurately the simplest actions. Can never excel in -penmanship or drawing, and will always be distinguished as an original. -If Self-esteem is large, he will dispel ceremony; if Secretiveness is -small, he will be perfectly unique in his actions, and be distinguished -for his independence and eccentricity. - - -4. MIRTHFULNESS. - -This organ gives the desire and the ability to enjoy mirth. Its -possessors are apt to consider things in their most humorous light, to -the neglect of their more sober characteristics. It is that principle -of the mind, which enables one to detect what is absurd and ridiculous, -and to delight in jokes, fun and laughter. - -Predominant.--With Mirthfulness predominant, one has an irresistible -tendency to view every thing in a comical aspect. His most serious -meditations are liable to be interrupted by mirthful intrusions; and -he will indulge his humorous propensities, regardless of consequences. - -Large.--With Mirthfulness large, will have a lively perception of the -ludicrous, and will be apt to catch up every little incident, and make -it the subject of humorous remarks. With Destructiveness and Comparison -large, he will be sarcastic, and severe in his jokes, and will laugh -heartily at the discomfiture of others. If Secretiveness and Imitation -are small, he will not be able to relate a joke with propriety, yet -will enjoy one; but if Secretiveness, Ideality and Imitation are -large, he will tell a story in the most refined and delightful manner; -with Comparison and Love of Approbation large, and Causality and -Secretiveness moderate, he will laugh excessively at his own jokes. - -Moderate.--With Mirthfulness moderate, one is fond of fun, but unable -to make it. With Combativeness, Destructiveness and Comparison large, -will be severe and pungent in his attempts at wit, and will thus often -give offence. - -Small.--With Mirthfulness but small, one will be nearly destitute of -the ability to enjoy a joke, and quite unable to make one. He will look -upon wit as impertinent and silly, and be offended at jocose remarks. -If Love of Approbation is large, he will be very much annoyed at jokes; -with Combativeness moderate or large, will get highly offended at any -attempts to do so. - - - - - OBSERVING FACULTIES. - - -1. INDIVIDUALITY. - -The function of this organ is to recognise existences, or the identity -of substances without reference to their peculiarities; it has been -termed the memory of things. Its recollective powers are limited to -simple details, or facts having no reference to their form, colour, &c. - -Predominant.--One in whom Individuality is predominant, will be -distinguished for his powers of observation. No object will escape -his scrutiny, and no opportunities will satiate his curiosity. If his -reflective powers are weak, he will require a great mass of facts, but -they will lie in his mind confused and unoccupied: he will be unable to -employ them in illustration or argument. If in the habit of writing, -his compositions will abound with personifications. If Causality is -large, and Concentrativeness is small, his reflective powers will -be weakened by the tendency imparted by individuality to dwell upon -substances instead of causes. - -Large.--With Individuality large, one is induced to observe and examine -every object that comes under the limits of his vision. His scrutiny -does not appear to include the peculiarities of substances, but rests -satisfied with their mere corporeal existence. He is distinguished as -a close observer of men and things. In description he is exceedingly -minute; and with Concentrativeness large, prolix and tedious to the -last degree. With Eventuality and Time large, he will not only notice -quickly, but will remember with exactness; and with Language large, can -describe accurately events, manners, customs, &c. With these organs -large, he will have a great desire for reading, and for collecting -facts. With the Reflective Powers and Language large, will be much -given to reflection, and in expressing his thoughts will be clear and -perspicuous. - -Moderate.--With Individuality moderate, and the Reflective Powers and -Concentrativeness large, will be subject to abstraction of mind, and -will be much more given to reflection than to observation, still, when -any thing peculiar is offered to his attention, he can readily examine -its character. He will generally notice existences more in relation to -their uses and adaptations, than as mere identities. - -Small.--A person whose Individuality is small, is generally heedless -and unobserving. With Locality moderate or small, he may travel -extensively; and yet remain as ignorant as if he had staid at home. -Nothing but the more obvious characteristics has power to excite his -attention. If Constructiveness and Ideality are full, he will notice -works of architecture, but his descriptions of such will lack unity -in consequence of his incapacity to notice details. If Causality and -Comparison are large, he will be addicted to reflection, but his -expressions will be vague and apparently inconsistent, consequent on -his inability to collect minute details. - - -2. FORM. - -This organ gives the ability to discriminate forms. It aids the artist, -and a prominent developement is indispensable to the skilful mechanic. - -Predominant.--With Form predominant, one never forgets the appearance -of any thing that has once came distinctly under his cognition. He will -readily discriminate the forms of objects at a distance, and perceive -differences and resemblances where many others will not; can recollect -the name of a person by remembering its appearance when written; will -easily detect typographical errors; and with Size and Individuality -large, can read with great facility and correctness. - -Large.--With Form large, one much more readily recollects the -appearance of a person than his name, this is more particularly the -case with Individuality large. With Individuality small, he will not -be apt to pay attention to ordinary matters, but if his attention is -called to them, he recollects their appearance with distinctness. With -Imitation large, he will be able to draw and copy with great facility, -and will excel in penmanship. - -Moderate.--With Form moderate, and the Reflecting organs large, one -will never notice the shapes of substances, until something particular -enforces his attention. He will then require considerable examination -to enable him to recognise them afterwards. His recollection of persons -and things will usually be confused and indistinct. With Individuality -large, observes much, and with tolerable distinctness; but with -Individuality small, is heedless and inattentive. - -Small.--With Form small, a person will be unable to recollect the -countenances of persons even with whom he is intimate. He will be apt -to miscall words in reading. He will find it difficult to decipher -obscure handwriting. It will also be difficult, if not impossible, for -him to make much progress in the natural sciences. - - -3. SIZE. - -This organ gives the idea of space, and the power of judging the -relative dimensions of objects; it also gives the ability to judge of -distances or of lineal space. - -Predominant.--With Size predominant, one’s perceptions of the -dimensions of objects will be singularly accurate, he will be enabled -to tell at a mere glance the dimensions of a room, the length and -relative distances of objects, the centre of a circle, and to perform -any other action requiring the exercise of this organ. - -Large.--With Size large, one will possess all the attributes ascribed -to Size predominant, but in a minor degree. - -Moderate.--With Size but moderate, and without having been accustomed -to the exercise of the organ, one will greatly err in judging of the -dimensions of objects and size generally. - -Small.--With Size small, one will be signally deficient in all the -qualities ascribed to this organ. - - -4. WEIGHT. - -The office of this organ is to impart to its possessor the idea of the -power of gravity, or of mechanical force and resistance. It gives great -ability to judge of momentum, and is large in the heads of all those -who excel in fencing, boxing, archery, skating, quoit playing, &c. - -Predominant.--With Weight predominant, one will be remarkable for his -power in the use of this faculty. In performing gymnastic feats, in -balancing, riding a fractious horse, and in every other exercise that -requires a display of agility he will be pre-eminently conspicuous. - -Large.--With Weight and Self-esteem large, one can easily adapt himself -to the laws of gravity, will never fall in precarious situations, can -go aloft at sea in the most intrepid manner, and readily perform any -operation requiring the exercise of this endowment. - -Moderate.--With Weight but moderate, one will be rather deficient -in the qualities ascribed to the functions of this organ, but with -practice, may attain considerable skill and success in the arts to -which it conduces. - -Small.--With Weight but small, one will easily lose his balance, even -in situations where no danger is to be apprehended. He will be enabled -to excel as a marksman or wrestler; will be enabled to learn to skate, -or to pitch quoits. With large Form, Constructiveness and Imitation, -will have a mechanical turn, but will be unable to excel as a machinist -in consequence of his inability to perform the functions ascribed to -this organ. - - -5. COLOUR. - -This organ gives the perception of Colour, and renders one sensible to -their different shades, their harmony and discord. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, one will notice the colour -of an object before any other peculiarity appertaining to it; will take -delight in colours, in their arrangement, order and beauty. - -Large.--With Colour, Ideality and Comparison large, one will be -distinguished for his love of colours, and his ability to discriminate -and arrange them. With large Form, Ideality, Individuality, -Constructiveness and Imitation, Size and Order, will excel as a -portrait painter, and take great delight in that occupation; and with -Eventuality, Locality and Comparison, as an historical painter. - -Moderate.--With Colour but moderate, and in an occupation that does not -exercise the function of this organ, one will be decidedly deficient -in his ability to discriminate colours, but if his pursuits are -the reverse of what is here presumed, he will be a tolerable judge -of colours, and possess considerable taste in his arrangement and -selection of them. - -Small.--With this organ but small, an individual will be unable to -discriminate any but the most striking colours. With Ideality large, -may be fond of paintings, but will be unable to point out their -peculiar beauties. He can never tell the colour of the eyes or hair of -even his familiar acquaintances. - - -6. ORDER. - -This organ imparts that quality of mind, which prompts an individual to -preserve order and arrangement in his several pursuits and occupations. -The peculiar action of the organ is much dependent upon the character -of the other developements. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, one will be distinguished -for his love of order and arrangement. His maxim will be “_a place for -every thing, and every thing in its place_.” This quality of mind will -be a prominent trait in his character, and will influence to a great -degree his conduct and actions. - -Large.--With this organ large, one will be much annoyed by disorder; -his room, clothes, books, papers, and every thing under his control, -will always be kept in the utmost neatness and regularity. With -Adhesiveness large, will be fond of social enjoyments, but his -pleasures will be much interrupted on discovering a want of neatness -and order in the persons of his friends and acquaintances. With -Ideality and Individuality large, will be exceedingly neat and -fastidious. With Combativeness and Destructiveness large, will easily -get offended and angry at seeing things out of place. With Locality -large, he will be enabled to perform actions in places in the dark, -with which he is acquainted almost as well as in the light. With -Ideality but moderate or small, he will be slovenly in his dress and -appearance, yet preserve order, arrangement and neatness with his -books, papers, &c. - -Moderate.--With Order but moderate, one will be rather deficient -in the qualities ascribed to this organ. He will be fond of order, -and acknowledge its utility, but will be unable to observe it. With -Ideality large, and having been educated in habits of order and -neatness, the action of this organ will be much improved. He will -possess most of the qualities ascribed to Order large, but will never -sacrifice much to this quality of mind; but with Ideality small, and -with an imperfect education, he will be slovenly, loose and irregular -in all his actions and movements. - -Small.--With this organ small, one will be exceedingly disorderly and -incoherent in all his arrangements, and business details. His actions -will not be guided by system, his books, papers, &c. will be left where -he happens to use them. He will be unable to appreciate the utility of -order, and complain of those who practice it as being over nice. - - -7. CALCULATION. - -This organ enables us to form the idea of number, or the plurality of -objects. It assists in the recollection of dates and quantities. It -enables one to readily understand numbers and their combinations. Its -activity takes place, whenever there is a departure from unity. A -large endowment of this organ is not essential to the algebraist and -geometrician, its functions being limited to arithmetical calculations. - -Predominant.--One having Calculation predominant, will reckon in his -head almost any arithmetical problem that can be proposed to him. -If Causality and Comparison are large, he will excel in the higher -branches of mathematics, and possess a great fondness for these studies. - -Large.--With calculation large, one will be distinguished among his -acquaintances for his skill in arithmetical calculations. He will be -enabled to tell at a glance, operations which to an ordinary accountant -require the use of figures. If Causality and Comparison are large, he -will excel in solving difficult problems in the higher mathematics, -but if these organs are deficient, his talent will be limited to -arithmetical calculations. - -Moderate.--With Calculation moderate, and in a situation which -constantly demands the act of ready calculation, one may become highly -talented in this respect. He will, however, require time and effort -to go through an intricate operation. If Causality and Comparison are -large, in ordinary circumstances he will accustom himself to the use of -a slate and pencil for all operations of a complicated character. - -Small.--With Calculation small, one can succeed in arithmetical -calculations only by dint of great labour, and then only to a limited -extent. If Causality and Comparison are large, he may be capable of -the higher branches of mathematics, but the difficulty, which his -arithmetical calculations cost him, will render him averse to all -mathematical speculations. - - -8. LOCALITY. - -This organ gives the power of noticing and recollecting the peculiar -position of objects, and gives a desire for travelling, and for the -study of geography. It is essential to the scene painter. It strongly -aids the power of association. - -Predominant.--With Locality predominant, one will have an insatiable -desire for travelling, roving about, and for visiting strange places, -will readily recollect their peculiar position, the localities of the -prominent objects of attention, and will be excessively fond of reading -geography and works of travels. - -Large.--With Locality large, one will have a great desire for -travelling; and with Acquisitiveness and Inhabitiveness moderate or -small, will be prompted to roam about regardless of expense, or of -family considerations. In visiting strange places, he readily notices -their peculiar localities, and will ever after recollect them. He will -be excessively fond of studying geography, and works of travels; and -will be enabled to point out the particular position of a sentence in -a book or newspaper containing an idea to which he wishes to direct -attention. He will never stumble in the dark, and will find his way -with little instruction through unfrequented places. - -Moderate.--With Locality but moderate, one will have but little desire -for travelling, and will be nearly regardless of the localities of -the places which he visits. He will often lose his way in forests and -cities, with which he is not familiar, and will seldom find a place -if obscurely situated without great trouble. With Individuality and -Ideality large, will have a fine taste for natural scenery, but his -descriptions will be vague and unsatisfactory in consequence of his -inability to point out the particular localities of the different -objects. - -Small.--With Locality small, one will be extremely unobservant of, and -inattentive to the localities of objects. He will often lose his way -even in places with which he is familiar, and will be nearly wanting in -the attributes ascribed to this organ. - - -9. EVENTUALITY. - -This organ takes cognizance of actions as they exist; and thus observes -the phenomena that is constantly taking place throughout nature. It is -a principal element in the desire for knowledge, and greatly aids in -giving an ability for practical business involving details. - -Predominant.--With Eventuality predominant, one will notice and -remember every transaction and occurrence that comes within his -observation, in all their varied details. He will have an insatiable -thirst for knowledge, and seldom allow any incident to escape his -recollection. He will attend much more to facts than to principles, -and will be given more to narration than to reasoning, often weakening -his arguments by narrating unimportant particulars, which have little -connexion with the point contested. - -Large.--Those in whom this organ is large, possess a clear and distinct -recollection of events and transactions, and are much given to reading -and observation. They are particularly fond of historical and other -works, abounding in facts and incidents. With Language large, will be -fond of relating with extreme minuteness, occurrences and facts with -which he is familiar. If Concentrativeness is large his narrations will -be given in a clear and connected style; but if Concentrativeness is -small, they will want method and connexion. With large Individuality, -Language and Comparison, he will possess a great thirst for knowledge, -and will readily collect, analyze and classify ideas. If, with this -combination, Causality being moderate or small, he will have a large -fund of knowledge, but be unable to profit by it. - -Moderate.--With Eventuality moderate, one will be able usually to -observe actions, but will be inattentive to any but those of the most -striking character. If Causality and Comparison are large, will possess -a ready power of reasoning and classification, but will be wanting in -facts and details to sustain his own opinions. He will be more given to -reason than narration, and will collect facts more for the purpose of -illustrating his arguments, than the pleasure of acquiring them. - -Small.--With Eventuality small, one will be decidedly deficient in his -recollection of facts and incidents, and will be dull and incurious. He -will be enabled to follow any occupation requiring a close attention to -details. In narrating, he will be unable to recollect any but the most -striking points. - - -10. TIME. - -This organ gives the ability to observe and recollect the lapses of -time. It also confers the power of keeping time in music and dancing. - -Predominant.--With Time predominant, one will possess an astonishing -facility in recollecting dates, the ages of individuals, time at which -occurrences have taken place, and the lapses of time generally. - -Large.--With Time large, one will readily recollect the date of -transactions that have come under his attention, will be fond of -history, and will especially recollect the precise time of each event. -He will be enabled to perform an action at the given word of command. -If in the habit of dancing, will excel, and take great delight in that -amusement. He will be able to judge the hour of the day, without the -aid of a time piece, with accuracy. - -Moderate.--With Time moderate, one will recollect none but the most -important dates. If Eventuality is large, will be fond of history, but -will generally forget the time of transactions, and thus want clearness -in his historical knowledge. He will often forget the day of the week -and even his own age. - -Small.--With this organ small, one will be nearly deficient in the -attributes ascribed to its functions. - - -11. TUNE. - -This organ gives the taste for music, and makes its possessor take a -high degree of pleasure in listening to musical performances. - -Predominant.--With this organ predominant, one will have an exquisite -taste for music, will make any sacrifices to enjoy the pleasure it -imparts, and will readily catch and learn tunes almost by intuition. - -Large.--With this organ large, one will have a superior taste for -music, and will easily learn tunes, and if his voice be good, will -easily learn to sing. If Ideality is large, his performances will be -rich and pathetic. - -Moderate.--With this organ moderate, one will possess a considerable -taste for music, and with a good voice and large Imitation, may learn -to sing from hearing others, but can never excel. - -Small.--With this organ small, one may be fond of music of particular -kinds to which he has been accustomed, but this will not enable him to -learn or practice music. - - -12. LANGUAGE. - -The function of this organ is to enable its possessor to express his -ideas in appropriate language, and thus to communicate thoughts and -sentiments. The talent of verbal memory depends on this organ. - -Predominant.--Those in whom this organ predominates abound with -words. They talk merely for the sake of talking, and their style in -writing and speaking is characterized by great verbosity. In ordinary -conversation they will use a great multitude of words to express a -common idea, and will be distinguished among their acquaintance as -intolerable talkers. They will be able to commit words to memory with -readiness, and will recollect forms of expression, where otherwise the -idea would escape them. - -Large.--With Language large, one will possess the qualities to a -great extent that are ascribed to Language predominant. With large -Individuality, Form, Locality and Eventuality, will be enabled to -relate with great accuracy the conversation of a speaker, his looks, -tones and actions, and will readily recall the precise words used. -He will possess great ability to acquire knowledge, and will be -distinguished for copiousness, ease and volubility of expression. If -Causality and Comparison are moderate or small, his ideas will be -of a crude, imperfect character, yet he will converse incessantly -nevertheless. With Comparison large, his knowledge of language will be -superior, but if Comparison is small his words will often be incorrect -and applied in a wrong sense. - -Moderate.--With Language but moderate on ordinary occasions, one will -be wanting in powers of expression, and to express his ideas with -fluency and effect, he will require much excitement. If Causality and -Comparison are large, with a large and active brain, he will have many -important ideas, but they will lose much of their cogency for want -of more appropriate expressions. With Secretiveness large, he will be -rather taciturn and indisposed for conversation. - -Small.--With Language small, one will be unable to express any but the -most common ideas without hesitation and embarrassment. He will find it -difficult and almost impossible to commit to memory, and his style of -speaking and writing will be dry and common place; talking will be to -him a burthen. - - - - - REFLECTIVE FACULTIES. - - -1. CAUSALITY. - -This organ observes the relation of cause and effect, and discriminates -between actions and the causes which produce them. It enables an -individual to adopt the requisite means to effect any end. It is the -active element in every effort of reflection, and is the grand source -of thought and originality of mind. - -Predominant.--With Causality predominant, an individual will be -distinguished for his proneness to thought, and utility to speculate -and discuss abstractions. Whatever subject is suggested, or point -discussed, he will be liable to enquire for reasons and causes. He will -be given much more to reflection than observation. - -Large.--With Causality large, one will be enabled readily to perceive -the relation between an effect and the cause which produced it. -He will be distinguished for gravity and thoughtfulness of mind; -and will possess much sagacity, penetration, and originality. With -Conscientiousness, Veneration and Marvellousness large, and the -selfish propensities moderate or small, he will be much given to moral -investigations, and to reading and conversing upon subjects connected -with general utility and public morals. With Combativeness large, he -will be inclined to argument and disputation. With the Perceptive -organs but moderate, he will pay more attention to principles than -facts, and will be guided more by reason and experience. - -Moderate.--With Causality moderate, and with proper culture, one may -possess good judgment and a reasoning turn of mind, but he will be -destitute of originality and force of thought. In an occupation or -course of life to which he has been accustomed, he will conduct with -prudence and propriety, but will be deficient in the necessary power -to devise means for extraordinary operations, lay new plans, and to -carry into effect important operations. With large Individuality, -Imitation and Love of Approbation, and small Self-esteem, he will be -destitute of any marked characteristics of his own, and will readily -adapt himself to the views and opinions of his companions. - -Small.--With Causality small, one will be utterly deficient in -originality and force of mind, and will be wanting in that quality -of character which renders men calm, judicious, penetrating and -discerning. With the propensities and sentiments properly balanced, he -will possess discretion, and be enabled to conduct operations to which -he has been accustomed. - - -2. COMPARISON. - -The office of this organ is to enable us to compare differences, to -note resemblances, and to perceive analogies. By it we are enabled -to adapt one thing to another so as to produce a harmonious whole. It -prompts to the use of figurative language in writing and conversation. -Those in whom it is large, trace similitudes and affinities between -objects and events which entirely escape the observation of others in -whom the organ is small. It prompts to reasoning, but not in the line -of necessary consequence. It explains one thing by comparing it with -another. It gives ingenuity in discovering unexpected glimpses and -superficial coincidences. - -Predominant.--With Comparison predominant, one will be enabled to -analyze subjects, and to detect inconsistencies with the greatest -facility and readiness, and will almost intuitively perceive the -misapplication of facts and principles. His expressions will be -characterized by great precision and clearness, and his arguments will -be explained with a great variety of happy illustrations. - -Large.--With Comparison large, one will be strongly given to -criticising and analyzing, and will readily detect fallacies and -improprieties that would escape the observation of those in whom this -organ is small. If Ideality and Individuality are large, his language -will abound with elevated metaphors and figures of speech, but if -Causality is small, his judgment will be defective. If Secretiveness -is small, and Combativeness and Self-esteem large, he will be strongly -inclined to criticise every observation he hears, and will thus excite -enmity and ill-will. With large Eventuality and Individuality, will -have a great taste for the study of natural science, and will be -extremely fond of classifying their phenomena, and of comparing the -various qualities of physical objects with each. He will likewise be -fond of the study of history, and will habitually compare and classify -the various transactions with those of similar characteristics. If the -Perceptive organs generally are large and Causality small, he will be -possessed of good practical talents, but will be devoid of originality -of mind. He will be calculated to succeed in a course of life in which -he has the example of able men, but he will be utterly unable to -deviate from the beaten road and assume the lead for himself. - -Moderate.--With Comparison but moderate, one’s powers of analyzation -and criticism will not be conspicuous. With an active brain and a -favourable intellect generally, he will be enabled to perceive the -force of figurative language, and will often indulge in it, but his -metaphors will lack force and appropriateness. With Individuality and -Eventuality large, will possess a great store of facts, but will be -unable to arrange and classify them. If Causality is large, he will -readily perceive the errors in an argument, but he will lack the power -to point out and apply the exact replication. - -Small.--One having Comparison small, will be excessively dull, and will -lack discernment and discrimination. The most obvious resemblances can -hardly be made manifest to him. - - - - - TEMPERAMENTS. - - -The term Temperament, says a late writer, is applied to those -differences of external appearance which are supposed to indicate -the comparative state of the fibres of the body as they are more or -less dense, or as possessing one of the functions of life in greater -activity, or one of the constituents of the animal body in greater -quantity than another; or in short, certain states or conditions of the -body, which are found to exercise more or less influence in exciting or -repressing the action of the organs. - -The Temperaments as they are usually enumerated, are four in number, to -wit: the Lymphatic; the Sanguine; the Bilious; and the Nervous. - -In persons of a Lymphatic Temperament, the brain is sluggish and -performs its functions in a feeble but steady manner. The individual -is averse to severe exertion, and requires much stimuli to move him. As -a general rule, he will be averse to either mental or bodily activity. - -Those of a Sanguine Temperament are easily excited, and easily -depressed, fond of pleasure, and averse to severe exertions. They live -for the present, rather than the future. The actions of the mind are -quick, rather than powerful. - -Persons of a Bilious Temperament are determined, persevering and -ambitious in their character and disposition. Their every movement -and aspect indicates decision of purpose. Their mental operations are -vigorous and powerful. - -Persons of a Nervous Temperament, are very sensitive, and are easily -excited. Their mental operations are rapid, but they are soon exhausted. - - -THE END. - - - - - Transcriber’s notes: - -Archaic spellings have been retained. - -A number of typographical errors have been corrected silently. - -"5." has been added to the heading of Concentrativesness for consistency. - -Some commas and semi-colons were changed to semi-colons and commas where -there was evidence they were inconsistent. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGY SIMPLIFIED *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Practical Phrenology Simplified</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Theodore Foster</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: April 05, 2021 [eBook #64998]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Mike Stember and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGY SIMPLIFIED ***</div> - -<h1 title="Phrenology Analysis Table">PHRENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS<br /> -<small>OF THE</small><br /> -<small>CHARACTER</small><br /> -<small>OF</small> -</h1> - -<p> </p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap"> - By<br /> - <br /> - Given - </span> - </p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">NOTICE.</h2> -</div> - -<p>It is recommended to use in the annexed -table the numerals, from one to eight, commencing -in the column headed Very Small. -It will then exhibit the <i>relative</i> developements -of the organs in the head of the <i>individual -examined</i>.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<table summary="Phrenology Table" class="bt bb font70"> -<tr> - <td class="phren"/> - <td>Predom-<br /> inant</td> - <td>Very<br /> Large.</td> - <td> Large. </td> - <td> Full. </td> - <td>Moderate.</td> - <td>Rather<br /> - Small.</td> - <td>Small.</td> - <td>Very<br /> - Small.</td> - </tr> -<tr class="bt"><td class="phren"><i>Domestic Propensities.</i></td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Amativeness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Philopro-<br /> genitiveness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Adhesiveness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Inhabitiveness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren tdc">—</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Concentrativeness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> </td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"><i>Selfish Propensities.</i></td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Combativeness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Destructiveness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Secretiveness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Alimentiveness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Acquisitiveness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> </td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"><i>Selfish Sentiments.</i></td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Firmness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Self-esteem,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Love of Approbation,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Cautiousness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> </td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"><i>Moral Sentiments.</i></td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Conscientiousness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Veneration,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Benevolence,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Hope,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Marvellousness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> </td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"><i>Intellectual Sentiments.</i></td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Identity,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Constructiveness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Imitation,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Mirthfulness,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> </td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"><i>Perceptive Faculties.</i></td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Individuality,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Form,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Size,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Weight,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Colour,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Order,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Calculation,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Locality,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Eventuality,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Time,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Tune,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Language,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> </td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"><i> Reflective Faculties.</i></td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Causality,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Comparison,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> </td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"><i>Temperaments.</i></td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Lymphatic,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Sanguine,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Bilious,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -<tr><td class="phren"> Nervous,</td> - <td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /><td /> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -</div> - -<p class="center"><strong>PRACTICAL<br /> -<br /> -<span class="gesperrt"><big>PHRENOLOGY</big></span><br /> -<br /> -SIMPLIFIED.</strong><br /> -</p> - -<p class="center">BY<br /> -<i>THEODORE FOSTER</i>.</p> - -<p class="center">PHILADELPHIA:<br /> -ORRIN ROGERS, 67 SOUTH SECOND STREET.<br /> -1838. -</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -</div> - -<p class="center">Entered according to Act of Congress, A. D. 1838, by<br /> -<span class="smcap">Theodore Foster</span>, in the Clerk’s Office of the District<br /> -Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.</p> - -<p class="center">E. G. DORSEY, PRINTER,<br /> -LIBRARY STREET. -</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">CONTENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<table class="toc" summary="contents"> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#domestic-propensities"><i>Domestic Propensities</i>,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">1</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#amativeness"> Amativeness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>ib.</i></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#philoprogenitiveness">Philoprogenitiveness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">5</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#adhesiveness">Adhesiveness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 8</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#inhabitiveness">Inhabitiveness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 11</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#concentrativeness">Concentrativeness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">13</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td></tr> - <tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#selfish-propensities"><i>Selfish Propensities</i>,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 16</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#combativeness">Combativeness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>ib.</i></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#destructiveness">Destructiveness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 19</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#secretiveness">Secretiveness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">22</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#acquisitiveness">Acquisitiveness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 26</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#alimentiveness">Alimentiveness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 30</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#selfish-sentiments"><i>Selfish Sentiments</i>,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 34</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#firmness">Firmness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>ib.</i></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#self-esteem">Self-esteem,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">37</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#love-of-approbation">Love of Approbation,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">43</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#cautiousness">Cautiousness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">46</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#moral-sentiments"><i>Moral Sentiments</i>,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 49</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#conscientiousness">Conscientiousness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>ib.</i></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#veneration">Veneration,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 53</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#benevolence">Benevolence,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">56</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#hope">Hope,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 59</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#marvellousness">Marvellousness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 62</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#intellectual-sentiments"><i>Intellectual Sentiments</i>,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">65</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#ideality">Ideality,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>ib.</i></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#constructiveness">Constructiveness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">68</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#imitation">Imitation,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">69</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#mirthfulness">Mirthfulness,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">72</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#observing-faculties"><i>Observing Faculties</i>,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 75</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#individuality">Individuality,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> <i>ib.</i></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#form">Form,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">78</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#size">Size,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 80</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#weight">Weight,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">81</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#colour">Colour,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">83</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#order">Order,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">85</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#calculation">Calculation,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 87</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#locality">Locality,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 90</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#eventuality">Eventuality,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">92</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#time">Time,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">95</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#tune">Tune,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 96</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#language">Language,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> 98</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td><td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#reflective-faculties"><i>Reflective Faculties</i>,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">101</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#causality">Causality,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"> <i>ib.</i></td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#comparison">Comparison,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">103</td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td> - </tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#temperaments"><i>Temperaments</i>,</a></td> - <td class="tdr">107</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">PREFACE.</h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> present volume is designed to exhibit -the subject of Practical Phrenology in as clear -and as perspicuous a light as its nature will -admit. To this purpose the author has aimed -to divest it of all extraneous matter, and at -the same time to avoid all unnecessary conciseness. -The learner will here find a comprehensive -view of the functions of each -organ, with their different effects on the character -when in various stages of developement, -and also when compounded with each other.</p> - -<p>The author presents few claims to originality. -In a few instances he has even adopted -the language of others where it presented -itself in a felicitous manner—his aim being -to make a good book rather than to add to his -own reputation.</p> - -<p>It is but proper here to state that the work -has passed through the press without the -benefit of the author’s personal inspection—an -affection of the eyes rendering this service -impossible. But for this it might have received -many <i>retouches</i>, which, if they did -not add materially to its <i>value</i>, might have -improved its appearance.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="domestic-propensities">DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id="amativeness">1. AMATIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ produces the sexual passion, and -imparts to its possessor a desire for the happiness -of the opposite sex. In society it does -much to promote general kindliness of feeling, -and urbanity of manners.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—One in whom this organ predominates, -will incline to be libidinous, licentious -and lustful. If his moral organs are very -large, particularly Firmness and Conscientiousness, -he may restrain the outward expression of -this feeling; but it will, nevertheless, be powerful, -and at times overwhelming. If long deprived -of the society of the other sex, he will feel -lonesome and disconsolate.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large</span>.—With large Amativeness and Adhesiveness, -an individual will be exceedingly attached -to the society of the other sex; and -will be capable of readily ingratiating himself -into their favour. If with these organs -large, and small Firmness and Conscientiousness, -although his love will be intense and -fervid, yet he will be apt to be capricious and -fickle in his attachments. He will be inclined -rather to seek the favour of the sex generally, -than to limit his regard to a single object. If -Adhesiveness, Inhabitiveness and Philoprogenitiveness -are large, he will be induced to marry -early, but if Adhesiveness, Philoprogenitiveness, -and Conscientiousness are small, he will be -inclined to gratify this feeling without reference -to the laws of morality. With Self-esteem, -Firmness, and Secretiveness large, although he -may love intensely, yet he will not allow his passion -to predominate over him; if disappointed, he -will not be subdued, but manifest to the spectator -the appearance of unconcern. With such -a combination, he will, in all cases, feel much -more intensely than his expressions will imply. -If Mirthfulness is large, and Conscientiousness -and Ideality small, he will be liable to joke, and -be fond of licentious allusions.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With a moderate developement -of this organ, an individual will take great pleasure -in the society of ladies, whose taste and -feelings coincide with his own. If his Moral -Sentiments and Intellect are large, he will be -averse to the society of the merely volatile and -frivolous. If Ideality and Love of Approbation -are large, he will be attracted by the company -of the gay and fashionable. If Ideality and -Intellect generally, are large, he will be disgusted -with vulgarity and libidinous allusions. -His passion will be deep, but not lasting, and -with a moderate amount of controlling organs he -can restrain it at will.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—When this organ is small, an individual -will be distant and reserved towards -females. If Adhesiveness is large, he may be -attached to the society of a select few; but the -connexion will be of a strictly Platonic character. -He will be unable to feel the peculiar -pleasures of female society. If Adhesiveness -and Philoprogenitiveness are large, he may be -disposed to a matrimonial alliance; but if these -organs are small, he will be decidedly averse -to such a connexion. If one with Moral Sentiments -moderate, and Destructiveness and Self-esteem -large, under the influence of the aforementioned -combination, were to marry, the -connexion would be necessarily an unfortunate -one; his attachment could not outlive the -vicissitudes attending the marriage state, and -would inevitably degenerate into disdain and -aversion. He would, notwithstanding, be a -fond parent, though his affection would be -capricious and ill regulated. With Adhesiveness, -Conscientiousness, Veneration, and Benevolence -large, an individual’s regard for the -wife of his choice, if fortunate in his selection, -will increase with time; the strength of his superior -sentiments more than supplying the want -of animal passion.</p> - -<h3 id="philoprogenitiveness">2. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> legitimate office of this organ is to produce -love for one’s own offspring. It produces, -however, in the breast of its possessor an affection -for children indiscriminately; for the feeble -and helpless; for pets—as dogs, horses, cats, &c., -and even for inanimate objects. It has an influence -in producing general kindliness of disposition. -A peculiarity of its character consists -in its inspiring its possessor to love with the -fondest affection the child that is the most helpless, -and even the one that has caused the greatest -solicitude and brought down on its parent the -deepest disgrace.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—An individual in whom this -organ predominates has a constant hankering -for the society of children. If without them -himself, he views the deprivation as a great misfortune, -and if his circumstances are favourable, -will be likely to adopt one, for the purpose of -exhausting the energy of this feeling upon it. -He will be likewise much attached to pets, as -horses and dogs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—Those who possess this organ large, -betray it in every look and motion when in company -with children. They take the greatest -delight in their society, and enter into their -little troubles and enjoyments with the greatest -zeal. They readily enlist their confidence, and -can easily control them. If deprived of their -society, they will exhaust their attachment upon -some pet animal which they will frequently -fondle. When Combativeness, Destructiveness -and Philoprogenitiveness are large, an individual -will punish children severely when they annoy -him, notwithstanding his great affection for -them. If Self-esteem and Combativeness are -small, he will be liable to humour his children -and allow them improper indulgences. With -Combativeness and Destructiveness large, he -will be apt to be capricious in his feelings -towards children, at one time humoring them, -and at another petulant and cross.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Philoprogenitiveness moderate, -a person will be attached to his own -children to a good degree, and may take some -interest in others after they begin to lose their -infantile character. This feeling, however, will -not be durable. He will readily tire of children -when they annoy him. The death of a child -will be a poignant affliction to him, but it -will be soon forgotten. If Destructiveness and -Self-esteem are large, he will be liable to punish -them with severity for trivial offences.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With this organ small, a person will -be exceedingly annoyed by children. If a parent, -he will consign the care of them to menials. In -all his intercourse with company, he will betray -a marked indifference to their society. If ever -induced to amuse them, his awkwardness will -betray itself to the most casual observer. If -Benevolence is large, he will take all needful -care of them; but if Secretiveness and Destructiveness -are large, he will delight to torment and -teaze them.</p> - -<h3 id="adhesiveness">3. ADHESIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ furnishes the instinct of social -attachment. Towards the object of its regard -it excites the purest feelings of affection. It is -not satisfied with loving, it must also be loved, -and requires for its healthy existence a constant -exchange of pure and radiant affection. It diffuses -its influence over the whole character of -the man, and tends to render him kind, amiable, -and affectionate. It leads to the love of company, -and of social intercourse. While it is the -germ of many virtues, it is to be feared; in the -present state of society, it is likewise productive -of many vices.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Adhesiveness predominant, -an individual is pre-eminently qualified -to enjoy friendship, and will be miserable without -it. He will often feel the yearnings of -affection coming over him with all the intensity -of a passion. His most vivid enjoyments are -experienced in the society of his friends. He -readily recognises the existence of a similar -feeling in another, and, if circumstances are -favourable, they soon become intimate.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—One having Adhesiveness large, is -eminently social and affectionate. With large -Moral organs, will make great sacrifices to render -his friends service, and will esteem the -pleasures of friendship as one of the chief sources -of enjoyment. With Combativeness and Destructiveness -large, and Self-esteem moderate, -will resent an aggression upon a friend which -he would not notice upon himself. If Self-esteem -is large, with Combativeness and Destructiveness -large, he will easily get angry with his -friends, but will be readily conciliated. With -Benevolence and Love of Approbation large, is -exceedingly liberal and forward among friends; -will do his utmost to please and gratify them; -earnestly desire their approbation; and will be -exceedingly sensitive to their reproaches. With -Firmness and Conscientiousness small, will be -capricious in his attachments. With Secretiveness -and Self-esteem large, he will not fully -express the feelings which he experiences, and -will thus leave the impression that his affection -is less than it really is.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—One having Adhesiveness moderate, -may be strongly attached to friends, but -his friendships will be readily severed. He -may be companionable, and with large Benevolence -will be generous and good-hearted, but he -will still lack that strong feeling of sympathy -without which friendship is but a name.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Adhesiveness small, an individual -will be unsocial, cold-hearted and selfish. -If his moral organs predominate over self-esteem, -he may be companionable, but he will be nearly -wanting in the attributes of character ascribed to -this organ.</p> - -<h3 id="inhabitiveness">4. INHABITIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ produces home-sickness, and causes -a feeling of regret to take possession of the mind -when leaving a place in which one has long -resided. It is the first element of patriotism. -It produces a desire to locate and reside in a -particular place, and adds much to the strength -of family attachments.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—One in whom Inhabitiveness -predominates, is pre-eminently attached to any -place with which he has become familiar. It -causes him much pain to leave it, and he returns -to it with eagerness.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—One having inhabitiveness large, will -experience the most poignant sensations of regret -at leaving a place with which he has become -familiar. Even a particular house, garden, office -or room, has for him peculiar gratifications. -With large Locality, will take delight in travelling, -but will be constantly harassed by -thoughts of home. This is more especially -the case if Concentrativeness is large. If Self-esteem -and Veneration are large, he will be -eminently patriotic, and will defend his country -from aspersions with as much vigour as himself. -Veneration being large, he will experience the -profoundest feelings of respect and regard for -the memory of the departed worthies of its history; -and with large Individuality, Eventuality, -&c., he will take great delight in reading the -history of his own country, and of conversing -upon its character and institutions. If long -absent from home, he is constantly curious, and -eagerly seeks every means of being informed -concerning it. The peculiarities of the different -places in which he has resided often occur to him -with feelings of the most vivid pleasure.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—One in whom Inhabitiveness is -moderate, will not change his residence without -regret, yet soon becomes reconciled to a new -location. If long absent from his country, Self-esteem -being small, he will become expatriated -in feeling, and identify himself wholly with the -country in which he resides.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—When Inhabitiveness is small, the -individual will be constantly prompted to change -his place of residence. Unless this feeling is -counteracted by the strength of other organs, he -cannot get familiarized with a place without -becoming dissatisfied and restless.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h3 id="concentrativeness">5. CONCENTRATIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ imparts the power of continuity of -thought. It also aids in enabling its possessor -to continue the action of the organs generally.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—One having Concentrativeness -predominant, with Causality large, will be much -subject to absence of mind. He will be quite -unable to attend to more than one thing at a -time, and will be generally prolix in conversation.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With large Concentrativeness, an -individual will be much disturbed if more than -one thing claim attention at once; has a strong -inclination after taking up a subject to pursue it -till he has completed it. In conversation he -will be much distracted if it is desultory in its -character. If a writer, his compositions will -exhibit a sustained unity of expression throughout.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—One with Concentrativeness moderate, -is inclined to pursue a subject or train of -thought, but can be easily diverted from it. If -Causality and Intellect generally are moderate, -is neither inclined to pursue a study to its -termination, nor is he able to pass rapidly to -another. With nervous temperament he will -possess great versatility of attention.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Concentrativeness small, an -individual will be quite unable to devote his -attention for any length of time to a single study -or subject. In ordinary conversation, he will -fly from one subject to another, without order or -arrangement. His friends, even if strongly -attached to them, will not be long thought of at -a time. His antipathies will be readily assuaged. -He will possess great vivacity of disposition.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="selfish-propensities">SELFISH PROPENSITIES.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id="combativeness">1. COMBATIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the desire to oppose, resist -and overcome. It renders its possessor able -to encounter difficulties, and to be bold and -strenuous in his opposition. If not properly -regulated, it leads to a desire to contradict and -quarrel for the sake of opposition. It gives -vigour and zeal to the pugilist and warrior.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—When this organ predominates, -the individual will be bold, disputatious -and quarrelsome. In an encounter he will never -be satisfied till he has obtained the mastery. -He will display great nerve and determination -in whatever he undertakes. With Self-esteem -large, and Conscientiousness and Benevolence -small, he will be extremely quarrelsome and -overbearing.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Self-esteem large, the individual -will be pre-eminently bold and enterprising. -If Firmness is small, he will be wavering in -his views; but if Firmness is large, he will add -perseverance to courage, and never give up -a point while a reasonable hope of success remains. -If with this combination, and Moral -Sentiments small, he will be litigious and quarrelsome. -If Destructiveness is small, he will be -fond of disputing, but will avoid giving pain. -If Destructiveness is large, and Benevolence -small, he will be vindictive and cruel, and will -ever be disposed to vindicate his own importance, -regardless of circumstances or the rights of -others. If Love of Approbation, Benevolence, -Veneration and Conscientiousness are large, -he will avoid all low contentions, and will direct -the action of this organ to the maintenance -of right and the enforcement of just opinion.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—One with moderate Combativeness, -will forbear in a contention as long as -Self-esteem will allow. If his temperament is -active, he may be irritable and passionate, but -upon the whole, will be peaceable. If his religious -feelings are strong, notwithstanding his -usual distaste for opposition, he will contend -strenuously for the rights of his church, and -cheerfully encounter reproach for its sake. If -Acquisitiveness is large, and Self-esteem small, -he will allow himself to be insulted with impunity, -but will resist every attack upon his property.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Combativeness small, an individual’s -character will be mild and peaceable. -He will rather submit to oppression than make -the requisite exertion to defend his rights. -Above every thing else he will desire peace. -With Self-esteem small, he will be eminently -deficient in presence of mind in times of danger. -He will quail under opposition, and with Cautiousness -large, will be timid and cowardly. -With Destructiveness large, and Benevolence -small, he will be harsh and severe where there -is no resentment to be feared. With Acquisitiveness -large, he will be fond of acquiring by -slow accumulations, rather than by bold speculations. -With Domestic Feelings large, he will -avoid the turbulent scenes of life, and seek -refuge in quiet and retirement.</p> - -<h3 id="destructiveness">2. DESTRUCTIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ produces the propensity to exterminate -and destroy. It incites the murderer -to his act of crime. It renders its possessor -harsh, cruel, and indifferent to the feelings of -others, and is an active element in the minds of -all warriors, sportsmen and pugilists.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Destructiveness predominant, -an individual will be harsh, cruel and -severe. His language will abound with pungent -sarcasms and cutting remarks. With large -Combativeness, he will prefer arms as a profession. -With Self-esteem and Combativeness -both large, he will be distinguished for his -energy and force of character. He will drive -through his purposes regardless of opposition.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Destructiveness large, and Benevolence -small, an individual will be cruel, -sanguinary and severe. With Secretiveness and -Conscientiousness small, and Combativeness and -Self-esteem large, he will be exceedingly passionate -and vindictive. With such a combination, -he will lose no opportunity of assailing the -feelings of his opponents. If Amativeness and -Adhesiveness are large, he will be attached to -his family, yet will treat them often with great -severity. If Combativeness and Destructiveness -are small, it will require much to excite -him, but when aroused, he will be vindictive to -the last degree. If Benevolence is large, he will -not be sanguinary or cruel; but with Combativeness -moderate, will be mild and amiable in -disposition, yet capable of great severity when -circumstances justify it. This combination -enables the surgeon to perform an operation -with the requisite energy, and yet without giving -unnecessary pain. With Approbativeness -small, and Self-esteem, Conscientiousness and -Benevolence large, he may be charitable, yet he -will often give needless offence in his administrations -of charity. He will destroy every thing -that is not absolutely valuable.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Destructiveness moderate, -and Benevolence large, one will be tender-hearted, -and with small Combativeness, effeminate. -With moderate Benevolence, and large -Self-esteem and Combativeness, he will possess -sufficient severity of character to enable him to -succeed in any lawful occupation. He will be -naturally peaceful and opposed to harsh measures -when they can be avoided, yet will not -refrain from using severity when necessary. If -Benevolence is large, and Combativeness and -Self-esteem moderate, he will lack energy and -force of mind; will easily sink under difficulties -and submit quietly to aggression and imposition.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Destructiveness small, an individual -will be effeminate, and with moderate -Combativeness, be very destitute of energy and -force of character. He will be mild, inoffensive, -and peaceable. The performance of an action -that requires the infliction of much pain, will be -to him nearly impossible. With Acquisitiveness -moderate or large, he will have a desire to -preserve and lay by every thing that is not absolutely -worthless. It will give him pain to see -any thing that may possibly be of service destroyed.</p> - -<h3 id="secretiveness">3. SECRETIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the desire and the talents for -concealment. In its abuse, it renders its possessor -averse to, and almost incapable of, an -open-hearted expression. His remarks are sly, -evasive and ambiguous. His actions, he considers, -are beyond the reach of human sagacity. -It is the foundation of all hypocrisy, deception -and intrigue.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—One in whom Secretiveness -predominates, will be sly, conniving and hypocritical. -It will be difficult for him to relate the -simplest incident without evasion. If he has an -end to bring about, he will seek to do it by -some manœuvre, even when an open course -would be more effective. The most trifling -actions of his life will be brought about by stratagem. -He looks upon others as being actuated -by the same motives as himself, and is -constantly suspicious and watchful. He will -possess great tact, and be readily enabled to discover -the motives of others. In conversation, he -is apt to hesitate and recommence his sentences, -and to answer in an ambiguous manner.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Secretiveness, Self-esteem and -Conscientiousness large, an individual will detest -hypocrisy and duplicity, yet will be exceedingly -prudent and circumspect in his conversation -and conduct. He will be slow to make -acquaintances, and will require a long time ere -he becomes intimate with them. With Love of -Approbation large, he will be deferential and -polite, and will possess a superior tact at making -himself agreeable. With Comparison and Individuality -large, he will possess a good knowledge -of human nature, will be well qualified to -detect intrigue, and of frustrating any designs -upon himself. If Self-esteem, Firmness and -Secretiveness are large, he will endure pain -with the most heroic fortitude and forbearance. -If Conscientiousness be moderate, he will be -very suspicious towards others, and will be perpetually -on his guard. If Destructiveness and -Self-esteem are large, he will be easily made -angry, but with Cautiousness and Firmness -large, will restrain his feelings even when highly -excited. With Conscientiousness and Cautiousness -large, it will be exceedingly difficult for -him to form an opinion. With Adhesiveness -moderate, and Imitation large, he will be liable -to be very friendly to one’s face, and abuse him -in his absence. With Self-esteem and Firmness -large, will seldom yield to an opponent, but -will very often deceive him by appearing to have -yielded.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Secretiveness moderate, -and Self-esteem large, one will be frank, candid -and open-hearted in his ordinary intercourse -with society, yet will be capable, when necessity -requires it, of intrigue and duplicity. He -will be frank, open and sincere to acquaintances, -yet will manifest much reserve to strangers. -His ordinary conversation will be discreet, -yet, when excited, he will express his sentiments -regardless of consequences; this is more particularly -true when Cautiousness is small. He -will then be distinguished for contrariety of -feeling, being prudent and circumspect at one -time, and open, blunt and offending at another. -Conscientiousness being small, adds much to -the strength of Secretiveness. He will then -use deception and intrigue whenever they answer -his purpose. If Self-esteem, Combativeness -and Destructiveness are large, he will be -very blunt and decided, when nothing is to be -gained by an opposite course, and will express -his sentiments without scruple.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Secretiveness small, one is -frank, candid and open-hearted. He will freely -relate even to comparative strangers all his -foibles and weaknesses, as well as his virtues -and merits. He expresses his hatred and dislikes -without fear or favour. Strangers will -suppose his anger or displeasure to be greater -than it really is. With Destructiveness and -Self-esteem large, he will get angry readily, -but if Concentrativeness is small, will soon recover -his temper. He will be often imposed -upon in consequence of his relying too much on -others. If Love of Approbation and Benevolence -are small, his demeanour will be usually -gruff and impolite. He will have great -aversion to outside show, will use plain and -blunt expressions, and be fond of forcible language.</p> - -<h3 id="acquisitiveness">4. ACQUISITIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ produces the desire to save, to -hoard up and accumulate. It induces its possessor -to acquire property without reference to -its uses or his own necessities. It produces the -instinct of property.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—A person in whom this organ -predominates, will be miserly, sordid and avaricious. -He will look upon the accumulation -of property as the great end of human existence. -If with a low education, he will not scruple to -steal and pilfer.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With large Acquisitiveness, and -small Benevolence, an individual will be selfish, -sordid and grasping; but with large Conscientiousness, -he will not trespass on the rights of -others. With Domestic Feelings small, he will -be excessively penurious in regard to his family, -and will begrudge every shilling that is expended -for their benefit; but if Domestic Feelings are -large, he will spend money freely for the comfort -of his family, when he would not on his -own account. With Love of Approbation and -Ideality large, he will spend money freely, in -order that he may excel in dress, equipage, &c., -while at the same time, he will be excessively -penurious in his dealings. With large Veneration, -he will look with much respect and awe -upon those who are distinguished for their -wealth. With Love of Approbation large, he -will be anxious to avoid the reputation of littleness -in his dealings, and will often give to charitable -objects, but will give in such a way as it -shall be known. With Firmness, Self-esteem, -Hope and Combativeness large, he will be eminently -enterprising and persevering. If Caution -is small, will be apt to rush into speculations -heedlessly and recklessly; but if Caution is large, -will be exceedingly prudent and careful in what -he undertakes; but when he has come to a conclusion -upon a point, he will pursue it with -great zeal and energy. If Secretiveness is -large, he will have great ability to make a bargain -and effect an arrangement where many -others would fail. If Cautiousness is large, and -Hope and Self-esteem moderate or small, he -will be averse to speculations and great enterprises, -and prefer slow processes of accumulation. -If Firmness is small, he will be apt to be -fickle in his undertakings and not pursue them -long enough to obtain his ends. If Conscientiousness -and Veneration be large, he may be -induced to give money to religious purposes. -If Ideality and Veneration are large, he will be -likely to hoard antiquities, medals, &c. With -large Intellect, he will take great pleasure in -accumulating a library. If Ideality and Love -of Approbation are small, he will care little for -the beauty of the binding or the neatness of the -type; but with Ideality large, he will spend -money freely for these luxuries. With Perceptive -organs large, will be a good judge of property, -&c.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With moderate Acquisitiveness, -Self-esteem and Love of Approbation, a person -may be close and economical in his dealings, be -shrewd, enterprising and industrious, may make -and accumulate money, but he will often spend -it unnecessarily. With every desire, as he supposes, -to save, yet he will find at the end of -the year that he has expended much that he -might have saved. If Alimentiveness is large, -he will be unable to deny himself the pleasures -of the table. If Adhesiveness is large, he will -spend money freely for the gratification of his -friends. If Benevolence is large, he will give -much to objects of charity. He will look upon -money as the means of enjoyment, and not as -the end of human exertion.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—A person in whom Acquisitiveness is -small, will be unable to understand the value -of money, or to take pleasure in its acquisition, -and unless restrained by the influence of the -moral feelings, will be a spendthrift.</p> - -<h3 id="alimentiveness">5. ALIMENTIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ imparts the relish for food and -drink. Its activity is increased when the person -is engaged in eating or drinking.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—One in whom this organ is -predominant, will be greatly addicted to the -pleasures of the table, will eat voraciously, and -will consider gustatory enjoyments one of the -chief pleasures of existence.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Adhesiveness and Love of Approbation -large, he will be very fond of public -dinners and festive occasions. If to these be -added Ideality large, the pleasures of these -occasions will be heightened in proportion to the -splendour of their appearance. If Acquisitiveness -is large, there will be a continued struggle -in his mind; the one wishing to save money and -the other to indulge in good living: the contest -will be decided by the character of his other -developements and his worldly circumstances. -If Acquisitiveness is small, he will be regardless -of the expense of an entertainment, and will -gratify his appetite without reference to its cost. -With Adhesiveness, Ideality and Approbativeness -large, he will take delight in entertaining -his friends in a sumptuous manner. With Conscientiousness, -Veneration and Benevolence -large, he will often reproach himself for his -extravagance in matters of the table. With -Mirthfulness, Imitation and Secretiveness large, -will be excessively fond of telling stories, and -in “setting the table in a roar.” With Ideality -and Love of Approbation moderate, and Causality -and Self-esteem large, will be fond of -entertaining company, but will despise ceremony.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Alimentiveness moderate, -a person is fond of a good diet, but does not -make it a prominent object of his attention. -With Benevolence large, he will cheerfully put -up with meaner fare than he is accustomed to -when necessity requires it. If Acquisitiveness -is large, he will not expend much upon the -pleasures of the palate.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Alimentiveness small, an individual -will be quite regardless of what he eats; -will be unable to remember from one day to -another what he has eaten, and usually finds it -difficult to decide at table what dish to take first. -With Destructiveness large, often speaks bitterly -of those who indulge in luxurious living. With -large Love of Approbation and Ideality, will -give entertainments, but think more of the respectability -of his company and the splendour of -the appearance of his table, than of the quality -of the food, &c.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="selfish-sentiments">SELFISH SENTIMENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id="firmness">1. FIRMNESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> tendency of this organ is to give constancy -and perseverance to the other powers, -and aids their activity and force. Its impulses -are sometimes mistaken for will. This, however, -is not correct, as the action of this organ -urges <i>only to a continuance</i> in the same purpose, -the same mode of thinking, and the same -cause of action. It adds force to resolution, -and is the active element in fortitude, perseverance -and endurance. With a strong endowment -of this organ, persons find it difficult to -enter readily into the feelings of others, or to -feel new emotions suddenly.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Firmness predominant, -a person will exhibit unyielding pertinacity of -character throughout all the vicissitudes of life. -No misfortune will appal him. His fortitude of -character will enable him to rise superior to -every affliction. Having once commenced a -pursuit, he will never relinquish it till compelled -to do so by the force of circumstances. His -opinions will seldom change, and his whole -appearance and manner will exhibit the man of -firmness and decision. He may be a good master, -but he will be an unwilling servant.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With this organ large, a person will -be of an unmovable character, firm in his resolutions, -and constant in his principles. He -attends little to exhortations or examples, his -conduct is uniform, and his exertions may be -calculated on in all the various situations of -life. With Combativeness and Self-esteem -large, he will never relinquish a pursuit while -a hope of success remains, and with but moderate -Cautiousness and Causality, will be deaf to -all remonstrance or advice. With large Benevolence -and Conscientiousness, he will seek for -independence, yet be just and benevolent. An -attack upon his opinions will increase the tenacity -with which he maintains them. With large -Self-esteem, he will be distinguished for presence -of mind in times of danger.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Firmness moderate, a person -will continue constant only in those purposes -in which he is aided by the other organs. -If Conscientiousness is large, and the Selfish -Propensities small, he will continue inflexibly -just through all temptations of life. If Acquisitiveness -is large, he will never waver in his -pursuit of riches. If Self-esteem is small, and -Love of Approbation large, he will be entirely -dependent on the will of his associates. It will -be quite impossible for him to have an opinion of -his own.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Firmness small, a person cannot -be said to have a will of his own. He will -follow the last impulse he receives, and without -strength to resist, will be an easy instrument of -every one he meets. The actions of his life -will take their character from the other organs, -and he will thus be constant in the gratification -of predominant dispositions. With large Acquisitiveness, -he will be constant in his efforts -to become rich, but he will be unsteady in -the means he employs. With large Benevolence, -Combativeness and Destructiveness, he -will be now all kindness, and anon passionate, -violent and outrageous. With an active temperament, -he will enter on his pursuits with -great avidity, and follow them up with commendable -zeal, until perhaps, near their accomplishment, -and then fly away to something else. -This state of mind is increased by great Cautiousness, -and diminished by large Self-esteem.</p> - -<h3 id="self-esteem">2. SELF-ESTEEM.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ produces the feeling of individual -personality, or of personal identity. It causes -the feelings of self-love, self-respect, self-complacency. -It imparts to the individual a high -opinion of himself, and of every thing pertaining -or belonging to himself. The most insignificant -object, when in the possession of an individual -with this feeling strong, assumes a value and an -importance, in his own estimation, which nothing -could have given it before. To such a person, -the idea of self is perpetually before him. Let -an idea be suggested, and his first consideration -will be as to how it will affect his own condition. -It gives a cold and repulsive appearance to the -individual, and renders him particularly obnoxious -to others having the same organization. -It renders one averse to submission, and gives -an inclination to assume the lead. When properly -regulated, it adds dignity to the whole -demeanour, and gives a nobleness to the character -which effectually prevents any action of -meanness or servility.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With this organ predominant, -an individual will be proud, haughty and supercilious. -Whatever he possesses, he considers -superior to that belonging to any one else. In his -judgment and actions he scorns all advice, and -looks down with contempt on his fellow-men. -He admits no dictation. He never submits to -advice, but assumes the lead on all occasions. -Any thing like familiarity revolts him. His -whole appearance indicates assurance and presumption. -When excited, he is disposed to go -to the greatest extremes. “He will have many -enemies, and will be regardless of the frown or -the favour of men; intractable, domineering, -repulsive, conceited, jealous, austere, he considers -himself nearly infallible.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With this organ large, the individual -is endowed with that degree of self-complacency -which enables him to apply his powers to the -best advantage, in every situation in which he -may be placed. With Combativeness and Firmness -large, and Destructiveness moderate, he is -eminently qualified to sustain himself in any -situation in which he may be placed. With this -organization, he will be bold, energetic, persevering, -and surpassingly independent. No difficulties -will appal him, and no force of circumstances -of an ordinary character, will deter him -from the prosecution of his designs. With large -Conscientiousness, he will be honourable and -high-minded in the extreme. With large Conscientiousness, -Veneration, Ideality, Benevolence -and Causality, he will rather suffer death -than commit a dishonourable action. If Conscientiousness, -Benevolence and Veneration are -deficient, he will be dogmatic, imperious and -haughty, and will be constantly striving for -power, which, when obtained, he invariably -abuses. If an author, with Ideality, Language -and Comparison large, he will write in a sustained -and lofty style, never descending to a -common-place expression. If his Domestic -Feelings are large, with Combativeness and -Destructiveness large, he will be tenderly attached -to his family, and take great pride and -interest in them, yet will require from them -implicit obedience. With Cautiousness and -Causality large, he will be induced to seek -advice, but only for the purpose of enabling him -to form his own opinion. With Cautiousness -large, he will often appear disconcerted and diffident, -in consequence of his anxiety about -matters likely to affect him. With Firmness, -Secretiveness and Imitation large, a person will -never act in a subordinate station. Let his -situation in life be what it may, he will always -be a leader.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Self-esteem moderate, and -with a favourable developement of other organs, -one will have sufficient self-respect for the ordinary -occupations of life, but he will never be -able to put himself forward in any great undertaking, -or to command that general influence -and esteem as he would do with a larger developement -of this organ. With Cautiousness, Love -of Approbation and Veneration large, he will be -humble, timid and abashed in the presence of -superiors or strangers. He will lack the requisite -independence to vindicate his own opinion, -and will be too ready to give way to that of -others. With this organization, and large Intellect, -he may possess great abilities, but for want -of self-confidence requisite to enable him to -make his way through opposition, he will be -much underrated. It will give him pain to be -obliged to trespass on the attention of others, -and he will suffer greatly from a feeling of unworthiness. -With small Cautiousness, Firmness, -Combativeness and Destructiveness, he -will be enterprising and persevering, yet will -lack that force of character requisite for important -undertakings. With large Veneration, -Conscientiousness and Intellect, he will be -respectful towards others, and will not be deficient -in respect for himself.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Self-esteem small, one will be -humble and submissive. No matter how exalted -may be the character of his intellect, a feeling -of unworthiness will accompany all his actions. -He will ever associate with inferiors. His language -will be trifling and common-place. Let -his talents be what they may, he will never rise -from an inferior station.</p> - -<h3 id="love-of-approbation">3. LOVE OF APPROBATION.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ excites the desire of notice, praise, -distinction and recognition. It is an active -element in the mind of the office seeker, the -soldier, the actor, the statesman, &c. It inspires -the fop, and sustains the buffoon. It -causes a desire to be approved as well as noticed, -but it prefers censure to inattention. When -properly regulated, it induces amiability of disposition.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—An individual with this organ -predominant, will be grossly vain and fantastical. -Every action of his life will be calculated to -excite attention. He will appear to think as -though the world had little else to do than to be -attentive to his actions.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With this organ large, a person will -be distinguished for the regard he places upon -his character. The disapprobation of his fellow-men -will be displeasing to him in a high degree. -In his intercourse with society, he will be polite -and courteous, avoiding every thing harsh, austere -or repulsive. If Conscientiousness and -Intellect are deficient, he will be a braggart, and -will often speak of his feats and performances. -If thrown into evil company, he will be foremost -in all deeds of wickedness. With Self-esteem -large, and Causality moderate or small, will be -exceedingly proud and vain, will use much ceremony, -and will be very affected in his manner -and conversation; and if Ideality and Individuality -are large, will be exceedingly fond of dress -and finical decorations. With Adhesiveness -large, and Firmness moderate or small, one will -be influenced by the opinions of his friends and -associates, and will give way to them in opposition -to the dictates of his own judgment. -With this combination, and Destructiveness and -Combativeness large, will get easily offended, -and construe the least inattention from his -friends into dislike or insult. With Cautiousness, -Secretiveness, Veneration and Conscientiousness -large, or very large, and Self-esteem -small, will be very desirous to please, and will -evince great anxiety to carry out this object; will -feel great respect for superiors in age, talents, -&c.; will entertain a feeling of his own inferiority, -and also of reserve, which will have the -effect of making him timid and bashful. With -Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-esteem, -Firmness, Ideality, Individuality, Eventuality -and Language large, and Comparison and Causality -large, will possess talents for an exalted -order, and an ardent ambition of fame. This -combination will enable him to distinguish himself -for intellectual greatness.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With this organ but moderately -developed, a person will by no means be insensible -to the opinions of the world, yet, if Self-esteem -and Conscientiousness are large, he will -not allow its opinions to force him from the path -of duty. If Adhesiveness is large, the opinion -of his friends will have much influence over him. -If Firmness, Self-esteem and Combativeness are -large, he will be austere and independent, doing -what his own feelings dictate, regardless of the -frowns or favours of his fellow-men.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Love of Approbation small, -one will almost be insensible to the feelings of -shame, and will be nearly regardless of public -opinion. With small Ideality, he will be slovenly -in his dress and appearance.</p> - -<h3 id="cautiousness">4. CAUTIOUSNESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ is the parent of fear. It urges its -possessor to use every precaution possible for his -individual safety. It is excited by every object -that has power to affect his condition, or the -condition of the objects of his other feelings. It -renders one prudent, circumspect and judicious.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—When this organ predominates, -the individual will be timid, irresolute -and undecided. He will never by any accident -give way to a flow of ideas. For the most insignificant -undertakings he will prepare with the -greatest precaution, and will never form a connexion -without subjecting it to the most rigorous -examination. If Destructiveness is large, and -Hope not more than moderate, he will be liable -to commit suicide.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Cautiousness large, a person -will be habitually careful, cautious and prudent -in all his transactions in life. He will never -take a step without due consideration. If Self-esteem, -Combativeness and Destructiveness are -large, he will be wary and prudent in entering -upon an undertaking, but when he has commenced, -he will prosecute it with great energy -and boldness.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With but a moderate developement -of this organ, and with large Hope and -Self-esteem, one will be habitually reckless and -imprudent; but if these organs are small, and -Causality and Comparison large, he will not -lack discretion in ordinary occupations of life, -or in cases where his other organs create a lively -interest. If Acquisitiveness is large, he will be -prudent in business transactions. If the Domestic -Feelings are strong, he will be anxious -respecting the welfare of his family; and if -Love of Approbation is strong, he will be particularly -careful in whatever regards his own -reputation.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Cautiousness small, a person -will act according to the dictates of his other -faculties, unrestrained by timidity or fear. He -will be rash, precipitate and perfectly regardless -of the results of his conduct. If with a sanguine -temperament, and Hope moderate or large, his -disposition will be gay and cheerful, and will be -too much engrossed with the present.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="moral-sentiments">MORAL SENTIMENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id="conscientiousness">1. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ views all actions in their moral -aspect. It operates as an internal monitor, prescribing -to its possessor the claims of truth and -duty. Its power, however, does not enable it -to decide upon what is abstractly just or unjust. -This is affected by the character of the other -organs with which it is combined. A person -with large conscientiousness, and large Selfish -Propensities, will consider an action just, which -another, with the same amount of Conscientiousness, -and smaller propensities, will consider unjust. -This organ is essential to the formation -of a truly philosophic mind, especially in moral -investigations. It produces the desire of discovering -the tact of recognising it when discovered, -and that perfect reliance on its invincible -supremacy which gives at once dignity and -peace to the mind.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—When this organ predominates, -the individual looks always and only for -truth, and receives it from whatever source it -comes. He is thus disposed to regulate his -conduct by the wisest sentiments of justice, -which imparts an earnestness, integrity and -directness in his manner, that leaves no room to -doubt of his sincerity. He desires to act justly -from the love of justice, unbiased by fear, interest -or any sinister motive. When the actions -have been contrary to the dictates of this organ, -it produces remorse, repentance, a sense of guilt -and demerit.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With this organ large, and the Selfish -Propensities moderate, one will be eminently -just and honest in all his dealings. He can -never be brought to sacrifice duty to expediency. -With large Firmness and Combativeness, he -will be particularly firm, bold and decided on -all questions of moral duty. He will never -shrink from the advocacy of right, or from sustaining -the defenceless from the unjust attacks -of their enemies. If with this combination, Destructiveness -is large, he will be inclined to -severely censure any trickery or dishonesty in -others; and if Causality is not large, he will -consider himself the standard of truth and justice, -by which all others must be judged.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With but a moderate developement -of this organ, one will endeavour to act -justly; and if Causality and Comparison are -large, and the Selfish Propensities small, he will -generally do so; but if the Selfish Propensities -are very strong, he will be guided more by considerations -of interest than of duty. If with -this combination, and Adhesiveness large, while -he will take advantage of a stranger in a pecuniary -transaction, no power of circumstances -can induce him to trespass on the rights of a -friend. His compunctions of conscience will -be few and feeble. He will not be scrupulous -about what he requires of others, seeming to -claim as a right, that they should make sacrifices -to his interest and inclination. He will -look more to the effect that actions and opinions -will have upon himself, than upon their moral -character. If Love of Approbation, Secretiveness -and Destructiveness are large, he will be -likely to indulge in harsh, censorious and unjust -remarks upon the character of his neighbours, -while at the same time, if Acquisitiveness is -moderate or small, he will be strictly just in all -his dealings.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Conscientiousness small, one -will have few or no compunctions of conscience; -he will be ever ready to justify himself to himself, -have little or no regard for moral principle, -and an imperfect idea of right and wrong in the -abstract. With large Self-esteem, Benevolence, -and Adhesiveness, and with small Acquisitiveness -and Secretiveness, he may be honest and kind-hearted -in his general conduct, but it will be -because he considers it dishonourable and unmanly -to commit a mean action, and because it -pains his Benevolence and Adhesiveness to -injure another. With this combination he will -extol his friends in the highest terms, but if he -gets angry with them, he will traduce and vilify -them, being in both cases regardless of their -true merit. If Love of Approbation is large, he -will adopt every means to please without regard -to justice or propriety.</p> - -<h3 id="veneration">2. VENERATION.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ produces the sentiment of reverence, -without regarding the character of the -object on which it seeks exercise. By its influence -man adores God, venerates saints, and -respects parents, teachers and superiors in general. -This organ is the source of natural religion, -or that tendency to worship a superior power -which manifests itself in every nation yet discovered.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Veneration predominant, -a person if religious, will be extremely -devout, and will experience the most profound -feelings of awe and respect in contemplating the -attributes of the deity. If Marvellousness and -Conscientiousness are large, he will be extremely -susceptible of religious impressions, and will not -fail to become a devout and enthusiastic adherent -of the church.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—A person with Veneration large, will -feel profound respect for all persons and objects -that are aged and venerable, or in any way entitled -in his estimation to respect and confidence. -With large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, -he will not only act justly and charitably, but -his actions will be accompanied and sustained -by a feeling of respect and reverence for the -abstract principles of justice and charity, that -cannot be conceived by those who have this -organ small. With large Love of Approbation, -and small Conscientiousness, he will be disposed -to think highly of those who are in high -stations, the rich, the powerful and the grand. -If Combativeness and Destructiveness are large, -and Acquisitiveness small, while he may look -with contempt upon the merely wealthy, he will -feel much respect for the memory and character -of the brave and patriotic. With large Intellect, -the action of this organ will be exerted towards -the character and persons of literary men.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With this organ but moderately -developed, the sentiment of respect in general -will have but a limited influence over the character -of the individual. If Conscientiousness -and Marvellousness are large, he will probably -be religious, but he will not be so devout and -enthusiastic in his devotions as many others -with less real piety. If Love of Approbation is -large, he will be exceedingly courteous and -attentive, but his conduct will lack that deference -and respect so necessary to conciliate -esteem.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Veneration but small, a person -will be almost wholly destitute of the qualities -ascribed to this organ. He may be religious, -but the act of devotion will be a task to him, and -he will be enabled to conceive those feelings of -solemnity and awe, with which many are exercised. -Children so constituted are disobedient -and inattentive to their parents and teachers.</p> - -<h3 id="benevolence">3. BENEVOLENCE.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ produces the desire of the happiness -of others, and disposes to compassion and -goodness of heart. It produces liberality of sentiment -towards all mankind, and a disposition -to love them and contribute to their pleasures. -The benevolent man cannot feel happy, as long -as famine, bodily suffering and mental misery -are the bitter portion of his fellow creatures. -He will never complain of the heartlessness or -the ingratitude of others. He is so well aware -of wishing well to others, that he does not doubt -of their good will towards himself.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With this organ predominant, -one may almost be said to be the victim of his -kindness, good will and sympathy to others. In -his zeal for the welfare of his fellow creatures, -he seldom thinks of himself. In society, he -restrains all his selfish inclinations, for fear of -giving uneasiness to others. He will frequently -meditate upon the miseries of mankind, and -consider the various means of relieving their -wretchedness.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Benevolence large, one will -be kind, charitable and forgiving. His whole -demeanour will indicate goodness of disposition. -If Secretiveness is small, he will be especially -liable to imposition, as he will be conscious of -entertaining no designs against others, and will -suspect none against himself. If Adhesiveness -is large, and Acquisitiveness small, he will be -exceedingly liberal and generous. He will find -it difficult to withstand the solicitations of charity, -and will be especially alive to the interests -of his friends. With Acquisitiveness large, he -will be well disposed to charitable objects, but -will seldom ever give to them substantial aid. -He will be more likely to give his time and -advice than money. If, with this combination -large, Love of Approbation be added, it will -greatly aid the effect of Benevolence. With -but moderate Destructiveness, it will be difficult -for him to witness suffering or pain; yet, with -large Destructiveness, when it is necessary, -notwithstanding his general kindness of disposition, -can witness and even inflict pain, and -take pleasure in it.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Benevolence moderate, one -will be kindly and well disposed towards others, -yet, except on extraordinary occasions, will not -make many sacrifices to their good. If Acquisitiveness -and the Selfish Feelings generally -are large, he will be avaricious and selfish to the -last degree, and yet not be absolutely insensible -to the claims of the unfortunate. If Love of -Approbation is large, he may often give to charitable -purposes, but it will be more for the sake -of having his acts the subject of conversation -than out of good will to the object. If Self-esteem, -Combativeness and Destructiveness are -large, he will be harsh, cruel and severe, and -will be apparently utterly regardless of the feelings -of his fellow men.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Benevolence but small, one -will be unfeeling and cruel. If Conscientiousness -is large, he will not trespass on the rights -of others in any particular, but his whole conduct -will exhibit, notwithstanding, a disregard -of all the tender amenities of life, and an almost -utter absence of sympathy and good feeling.</p> - -<h3 id="hope">4. HOPE.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ induces the mind to contemplate -the future with high anticipations of being able -to realize whatever the other feelings desire. -It thus causes us to be gay and cheerful, and to -preserve the equanimity of our temper amidst -difficulties and misfortune. Those who are -destitute of it are prone to disobedience. Their -ideas of the future are always dark and gloomy.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Hope predominant, an -individual is constantly revelling in the bright -prospects of the future. He will be so sanguine -of success, that he will neglect the means by -which success can be attained. He will be -credulous and visionary in all his enterprises -and undertakings.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Hope large, one always views -the future with bright anticipations. If Caution -and Causality are large, he will never be carried -away by his expectations, but will pursue generally -a prudent course, and not allow his hopes -to hurry him into imprudent measures. If Combativeness, -Firmness, Self-esteem and Ideality -are large, he will be bold, speculative and enterprising; -and if Caution is small, will be excessively -rash, precipitate and imprudent, often -attempting undertakings which to the less sanguine -appear impossible. With this combination, -he will never be cast down or discouraged; -the vicissitudes of fortune have no power to -repress his energy or restrain his enterprise.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Hope moderate, one’s expectations -will be sanguine, but not immoderately -so. If Firmness, Self-esteem, Combativeness -and Destructiveness are large, he will -attempt important undertakings, and count with -much certainty and pleasure their chances of -success. If Cautiousness is large, he will despond -much more than hope, will never attempt -enterprises, unless their chances of success are -almost certain; will expect too little, rather -than too much, and will not be sanguine or cheerful.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Hope small, a person will be -constantly low spirited and melancholy. The -brightest prospects can hardly excite his spirits. -He will dwell perpetually upon the dark side of -appearances, and will want enterprise and -spirit.</p> - -<h3 id="marvellousness">5. MARVELLOUSNESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ produces credulity of mind. It -predisposes to believe without sufficient testimony, -and delights in contemplating the strange -and wonderful. It has been supposed, that this -organ is given to enable the mind to believe in -those passages in Revelation, in which supernatural -performances are related, and that consequently -it increases the zeal and fervour of -the devout and religious. Its more general -manifestations, are to give a fondness for supernatural -stories, and a love of the strange, the -new and the marvellous, and sometimes leads to -a desire to visit mysterious and unfrequented -countries.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Marvellousness predominant, -one will be exceedingly credulous and -visionary in all his views. He will readily take -for granted whatever is told him of a wonderful -character. He will disregard simple causes, -and be disposed to account for any thing a little -unusual by a forced and unnatural conclusion.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Marvellousness large, and -Veneration large, a person, if religious, will be -eminently devout and superstitious. He will -readily believe in special providences, divine -agency, &c. With large Eventuality and Ideality, -will be passionately fond of reading marvellous -accounts, hair-breadth escapes, &c. With -large Cautiousness, and small Causality, will be -afraid of ghosts, and will profess often to see -apparitions.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With but a moderate developement -of this organ, and with large Causality and -Comparison, one will be rather sceptical in his -views, requiring much proof before his assent can -be gained, yet at the same time, will keep his -mind open to conviction, and will be willing to -give subjects a considerate examination. If -Causality is small, he will often adopt principles -upon insufficient grounds; and with Ideality -large, will be exceedingly fond of marvellous -tales, and of fictitious excitement of a mysterious -character.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Marvellousness small, one will -be exceedingly incredulous and sceptical. It -will be impossible for him to believe any thing -but what is susceptible of the clearest demonstration. -With Ideality moderate or small, he -will have great aversion to marvellous stories and -fictitious works generally. With Veneration -small, he may be religious, but his mind will be -peculiar. He will not submit to the teaching of -any man, and will form his creed from the results -of his own reading and reflection.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="intellectual-sentiments">INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id="ideality">1. IDEALITY.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ imparts a relish and a desire for -the beautiful, the elevated and the exquisite. It -renders its possessor constantly alive to impressions -of beauty, and leads to a desire of improvement. -Those who possess it large are never -satisfied with sober reality; but delight to revel -in the illusions of fancied existence.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Ideality predominant, -one will live in a state of constant illusion. He -will be enthusiastic and chimerical in all his -views and opinions. His enjoyments will be of -the most intense description, and his suffering of -the same character. Plain matter of fact and -sober reality will disgust him. He will be ever -striving after the refined and the ideal. He will -be an enthusiastic admirer of poetry and the fine -arts, and all objects of taste.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With this organ large, one will possess -a rich and glowing fancy, and a natural -refinement and exquisiteness of taste. With -Benevolence large, he will be much afflicted at -the miseries of mankind, and will long for a -state of existence where happiness is unalloyed -and pleasure interminable. With Adhesiveness -large, his ideas of friendship will be of the most -exquisite and refined description. With Colour, -Form and Size large, he will be an excellent -judge of paintings, and will be exceedingly fond -of them; with Locality and Form large, will take -great delight in picturesque scenery, in flowers, -trees, &c. With large Language and Comparison, -will employ many metaphors and figures -of speech in his writings and conversations; -with Self-esteem and Comparison large, he will -be exceedingly choice in his use of language; -and if, with this combination, Language be large, -and Causality small, he will have many more -words than ideas, and will converse much more -than think. He will be superficial and showy, -rather than solid. With Amativeness and Adhesiveness -large, will be fond of such poetry as -is the subject of love and passion. With Imitation -and Marvellousness large, will never relapse -in his efforts for improvement.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Ideality moderate, one -will not be insensible to the beauties of nature -and art, yet will never allow his fancy to obtain -the mastery over him. He will seldom experience -a high degree of enthusiasm and rapture of -feeling, and be rather a plain and matter-of-fact -character. If Causality is large, he may relish -fiction, but it will be more for its sentiment than -for its ideal qualities. If Self-esteem is small, -his language will be exceedingly plain, and he -will never attain a high degree of refinement and -polish of manners.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Ideality small, one will be -incapable of appreciating beauty. His views -and sentiments will be coarse and unrefined. -His expressions will be low and vulgar. He -will have great aversion to poetry, paintings and -all works of taste.</p> - -<h3 id="constructiveness">2. CONSTRUCTIVENESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ furnishes the inclination to construct, -to build, and to invent. It is supposed -by many, that this organ of itself is a proof of -the ability to be an operative mechanic, but this -is an error; the office of the organ is only to -manifest the desire by which the intellect is -excited to its gratification. To possess a high -degree of inventive power, one must not only -possess a large organ of Constructiveness, but a -favourable intellect; and to be a successful practical -mechanic, it is requisite to have along with -these two requisites, a large developement of -Form, Size, Weight, &c.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Constructiveness predominant, -one will possess a high degree of -natural ability for planning, contriving, building, -&c. He will take great delight in contemplating -works of architecture, and other subjects of -human ingenuity.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With large Constructiveness and -Imitation, one will excel in making after a pattern; -but if Form, Size and Weight are small, -he will be unable to construct from his own -invention.</p> - -<h3 id="imitation">3. IMITATION.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> function of this organ is to enable its possessor -to do whatever he has witnessed performed -by others. It leads to a desire to represent, -mimic, act, copy, &c. It greatly facilitates -the learning of a foreign language, and is -an essential ingredient in the character of the -skilful mechanic. The gestures of the active -are prompted by the same feeling.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With this organ predominant -will be given to practice mimicry and representation. -If Secretiveness is large, he will be well -calculated for the stage, and can readily represent -any feeling or sentiment that he may be -enabled to conceive. With large Eventuality, -Individuality and Mirthfulness, will readily notice -all the peculiarities of his associates, and be -perpetually turning them into ridicule.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With large Love of Approbation, -Ideality, Self-esteem, Individuality and Secretiveness, -one will be able readily to adapt himself -to the customs and forms of any society in -which he may be thrown. With this combination -and tolerably favourable opportunities for -observation, his manners will be highly polished -and agreeable. With large Form, Size and -Ideality, can readily copy or imitate a superscription, -or other writing, and with proper discipline -will excel in drawing. With large Constructiveness, -Form and Size, will be highly -capable of excelling in a mechanical profession. -With large Secretiveness, can relate stories with -great force. With large Secretiveness, Individuality, -Eventuality, Language and Comparison, -he will excel in description, and be capable -of giving force and life to his ideas that will -fasten them upon the recollection of his auditors. -With Secretiveness and Firmness large, can restrain -the expression of pain in the most heroic -manner, and assume the appearance of perfect -health. If Secretiveness is small, he will be -unable to imitate a character, or mimic, yet will -nevertheless be able to draw, &c.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With but a moderate developement -of this organ, one will find great difficulty -in description, imitating, or in any performance -that requires the exercise of this faculty. With -large Secretiveness, he will be enabled to relate -stories, but he can never be able to represent -any continued action, or carry out a successful -description.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Imitation small, an individual -will be almost wholly destitute of the attributes -ascribed to this organ. He will be unable to -represent very accurately the simplest actions. -Can never excel in penmanship or drawing, and -will always be distinguished as an original. If -Self-esteem is large, he will dispel ceremony; if -Secretiveness is small, he will be perfectly -unique in his actions, and be distinguished for -his independence and eccentricity.</p> - -<h3 id="mirthfulness">4. MIRTHFULNESS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the desire and the ability to -enjoy mirth. Its possessors are apt to consider -things in their most humorous light, to the neglect -of their more sober characteristics. It is -that principle of the mind, which enables one to -detect what is absurd and ridiculous, and to -delight in jokes, fun and laughter.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Mirthfulness predominant, -one has an irresistible tendency to view -every thing in a comical aspect. His most -serious meditations are liable to be interrupted -by mirthful intrusions; and he will indulge -his humorous propensities, regardless of consequences.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Mirthfulness large, will have -a lively perception of the ludicrous, and will be -apt to catch up every little incident, and make -it the subject of humorous remarks. With -Destructiveness and Comparison large, he will -be sarcastic, and severe in his jokes, and will -laugh heartily at the discomfiture of others. If -Secretiveness and Imitation are small, he will -not be able to relate a joke with propriety, yet -will enjoy one; but if Secretiveness, Ideality -and Imitation are large, he will tell a story in -the most refined and delightful manner; with -Comparison and Love of Approbation large, and -Causality and Secretiveness moderate, he will -laugh excessively at his own jokes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Mirthfulness moderate, -one is fond of fun, but unable to make it. With -Combativeness, Destructiveness and Comparison -large, will be severe and pungent in his attempts -at wit, and will thus often give offence.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Mirthfulness but small, one -will be nearly destitute of the ability to enjoy a -joke, and quite unable to make one. He will -look upon wit as impertinent and silly, and be -offended at jocose remarks. If Love of Approbation -is large, he will be very much annoyed -at jokes; with Combativeness moderate or large, -will get highly offended at any attempts to do -so.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="observing-faculties">OBSERVING FACULTIES.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id="individuality">1. INDIVIDUALITY.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> function of this organ is to recognise -existences, or the identity of substances without -reference to their peculiarities; it has been -termed the memory of things. Its recollective -powers are limited to simple details, or facts -having no reference to their form, colour, &c.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—One in whom Individuality is -predominant, will be distinguished for his powers -of observation. No object will escape his -scrutiny, and no opportunities will satiate his -curiosity. If his reflective powers are weak, he -will require a great mass of facts, but they will -lie in his mind confused and unoccupied: he -will be unable to employ them in illustration or -argument. If in the habit of writing, his compositions -will abound with personifications. If -Causality is large, and Concentrativeness is -small, his reflective powers will be weakened -by the tendency imparted by individuality to -dwell upon substances instead of causes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Individuality large, one is -induced to observe and examine every object -that comes under the limits of his vision. -His scrutiny does not appear to include the -peculiarities of substances, but rests satisfied -with their mere corporeal existence. He is distinguished -as a close observer of men and things. -In description he is exceedingly minute; and -with Concentrativeness large, prolix and tedious -to the last degree. With Eventuality and Time -large, he will not only notice quickly, but will -remember with exactness; and with Language -large, can describe accurately events, manners, -customs, &c. With these organs large, he will -have a great desire for reading, and for collecting -facts. With the Reflective Powers and -Language large, will be much given to reflection, -and in expressing his thoughts will be -clear and perspicuous.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Individuality moderate, -and the Reflective Powers and Concentrativeness -large, will be subject to abstraction of mind, -and will be much more given to reflection than -to observation, still, when any thing peculiar is -offered to his attention, he can readily examine -its character. He will generally notice existences -more in relation to their uses and adaptations, -than as mere identities.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—A person whose Individuality is -small, is generally heedless and unobserving. -With Locality moderate or small, he may travel -extensively; and yet remain as ignorant as if he -had staid at home. Nothing but the more obvious -characteristics has power to excite his -attention. If Constructiveness and Ideality are -full, he will notice works of architecture, but -his descriptions of such will lack unity in consequence -of his incapacity to notice details. If -Causality and Comparison are large, he will be -addicted to reflection, but his expressions will -be vague and apparently inconsistent, consequent -on his inability to collect minute details.</p> - -<h3 id="form">2. FORM.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the ability to discriminate -forms. It aids the artist, and a prominent -developement is indispensable to the skilful mechanic.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Form predominant, one -never forgets the appearance of any thing that -has once came distinctly under his cognition. -He will readily discriminate the forms of objects -at a distance, and perceive differences and resemblances -where many others will not; can -recollect the name of a person by remembering -its appearance when written; will easily detect -typographical errors; and with Size and Individuality -large, can read with great facility and -correctness.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Form large, one much more -readily recollects the appearance of a person -than his name, this is more particularly the case -with Individuality large. With Individuality -small, he will not be apt to pay attention to -ordinary matters, but if his attention is called -to them, he recollects their appearance with -distinctness. With Imitation large, he will be -able to draw and copy with great facility, and -will excel in penmanship.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Form moderate, and the -Reflecting organs large, one will never notice -the shapes of substances, until something particular -enforces his attention. He will then -require considerable examination to enable him -to recognise them afterwards. His recollection -of persons and things will usually be confused -and indistinct. With Individuality large, observes -much, and with tolerable distinctness; -but with Individuality small, is heedless and -inattentive.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Form small, a person will be -unable to recollect the countenances of persons -even with whom he is intimate. He will be apt to -miscall words in reading. He will find it difficult -to decipher obscure handwriting. It will -also be difficult, if not impossible, for him to -make much progress in the natural sciences.</p> - -<h3 id="size">3. SIZE.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the idea of space, and the -power of judging the relative dimensions of -objects; it also gives the ability to judge of distances -or of lineal space.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Size predominant, one’s -perceptions of the dimensions of objects will be -singularly accurate, he will be enabled to tell at -a mere glance the dimensions of a room, the -length and relative distances of objects, the -centre of a circle, and to perform any other -action requiring the exercise of this organ.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Size large, one will possess all -the attributes ascribed to Size predominant, but -in a minor degree.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Size but moderate, and -without having been accustomed to the exercise -of the organ, one will greatly err in judging of -the dimensions of objects and size generally.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Size small, one will be signally -deficient in all the qualities ascribed to this -organ.</p> - -<h3 id="weight">4. WEIGHT.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> office of this organ is to impart to its -possessor the idea of the power of gravity, or of -mechanical force and resistance. It gives great -ability to judge of momentum, and is large in the -heads of all those who excel in fencing, boxing, -archery, skating, quoit playing, &c.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Weight predominant, -one will be remarkable for his power in the use -of this faculty. In performing gymnastic feats, -in balancing, riding a fractious horse, and in -every other exercise that requires a display of -agility he will be pre-eminently conspicuous.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Weight and Self-esteem large, -one can easily adapt himself to the laws of -gravity, will never fall in precarious situations, -can go aloft at sea in the most intrepid manner, -and readily perform any operation requiring the -exercise of this endowment.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Weight but moderate, one -will be rather deficient in the qualities ascribed -to the functions of this organ, but with practice, -may attain considerable skill and success in the -arts to which it conduces.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Weight but small, one will -easily lose his balance, even in situations where -no danger is to be apprehended. He will be -enabled to excel as a marksman or wrestler; -will be enabled to learn to skate, or to pitch -quoits. With large Form, Constructiveness -and Imitation, will have a mechanical turn, but -will be unable to excel as a machinist in consequence -of his inability to perform the functions -ascribed to this organ.</p> - -<h3 id="colour">5. COLOUR.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the perception of Colour, -and renders one sensible to their different -shades, their harmony and discord.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With this organ predominant, -one will notice the colour of an object before any -other peculiarity appertaining to it; will take -delight in colours, in their arrangement, order -and beauty.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Colour, Ideality and Comparison -large, one will be distinguished for his -love of colours, and his ability to discriminate -and arrange them. With large Form, Ideality, -Individuality, Constructiveness and Imitation, -Size and Order, will excel as a portrait painter, -and take great delight in that occupation; and -with Eventuality, Locality and Comparison, as -an historical painter.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Colour but moderate, and -in an occupation that does not exercise the function -of this organ, one will be decidedly deficient -in his ability to discriminate colours, but if his -pursuits are the reverse of what is here presumed, -he will be a tolerable judge of colours, and possess -considerable taste in his arrangement and -selection of them.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With this organ but small, an individual -will be unable to discriminate any but the -most striking colours. With Ideality large, -may be fond of paintings, but will be unable to -point out their peculiar beauties. He can never -tell the colour of the eyes or hair of even his -familiar acquaintances.</p> - -<h3 id="order">6. ORDER.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ imparts that quality of mind, -which prompts an individual to preserve order -and arrangement in his several pursuits and occupations. -The peculiar action of the organ is -much dependent upon the character of the other -developements.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With this organ predominant, -one will be distinguished for his love of order -and arrangement. His maxim will be “<i>a place -for every thing, and every thing in its place</i>.” -This quality of mind will be a prominent trait -in his character, and will influence to a great -degree his conduct and actions.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With this organ large, one will be -much annoyed by disorder; his room, clothes, -books, papers, and every thing under his control, -will always be kept in the utmost neatness and -regularity. With Adhesiveness large, will be -fond of social enjoyments, but his pleasures will -be much interrupted on discovering a want of -neatness and order in the persons of his friends -and acquaintances. With Ideality and Individuality -large, will be exceedingly neat and -fastidious. With Combativeness and Destructiveness -large, will easily get offended and angry -at seeing things out of place. With Locality -large, he will be enabled to perform actions -in places in the dark, with which he is acquainted -almost as well as in the light. With Ideality -but moderate or small, he will be slovenly in his -dress and appearance, yet preserve order, arrangement -and neatness with his books, papers, -&c.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Order but moderate, one -will be rather deficient in the qualities ascribed -to this organ. He will be fond of order, and -acknowledge its utility, but will be unable to -observe it. With Ideality large, and having -been educated in habits of order and neatness, -the action of this organ will be much improved. -He will possess most of the qualities ascribed to -Order large, but will never sacrifice much to -this quality of mind; but with Ideality small, -and with an imperfect education, he will be -slovenly, loose and irregular in all his actions -and movements.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With this organ small, one will be -exceedingly disorderly and incoherent in all his -arrangements, and business details. His actions -will not be guided by system, his books, papers, -&c. will be left where he happens to use them. -He will be unable to appreciate the utility of -order, and complain of those who practice it as -being over nice.</p> - -<h3 id="calculation">7. CALCULATION.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ enables us to form the idea of -number, or the plurality of objects. It assists -in the recollection of dates and quantities. It -enables one to readily understand numbers and -their combinations. Its activity takes place, -whenever there is a departure from unity. A -large endowment of this organ is not essential -to the algebraist and geometrician, its functions -being limited to arithmetical calculations.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—One having Calculation predominant, -will reckon in his head almost any -arithmetical problem that can be proposed to -him. If Causality and Comparison are large, -he will excel in the higher branches of mathematics, -and possess a great fondness for these -studies.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With calculation large, one will be -distinguished among his acquaintances for his -skill in arithmetical calculations. He will be -enabled to tell at a glance, operations which to -an ordinary accountant require the use of figures. -If Causality and Comparison are large, he will -excel in solving difficult problems in the higher -mathematics, but if these organs are deficient, -his talent will be limited to arithmetical calculations.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Calculation moderate, and -in a situation which constantly demands the act -of ready calculation, one may become highly -talented in this respect. He will, however, -require time and effort to go through an intricate -operation. If Causality and Comparison -are large, in ordinary circumstances he will -accustom himself to the use of a slate and pencil -for all operations of a complicated character.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Calculation small, one can -succeed in arithmetical calculations only by dint -of great labour, and then only to a limited extent. -If Causality and Comparison are large, he may -be capable of the higher branches of mathematics, -but the difficulty, which his arithmetical -calculations cost him, will render him averse to -all mathematical speculations.</p> - -<h3 id="locality">8. LOCALITY.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the power of noticing and -recollecting the peculiar position of objects, and -gives a desire for travelling, and for the study -of geography. It is essential to the scene -painter. It strongly aids the power of association.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Locality predominant, -one will have an insatiable desire for travelling, -roving about, and for visiting strange places, -will readily recollect their peculiar position, the -localities of the prominent objects of attention, -and will be excessively fond of reading geography -and works of travels.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Locality large, one will have -a great desire for travelling; and with Acquisitiveness -and Inhabitiveness moderate or small, -will be prompted to roam about regardless of -expense, or of family considerations. In visiting -strange places, he readily notices their peculiar -localities, and will ever after recollect them. -He will be excessively fond of studying geography, -and works of travels; and will be enabled -to point out the particular position of a -sentence in a book or newspaper containing an -idea to which he wishes to direct attention. He -will never stumble in the dark, and will find his -way with little instruction through unfrequented -places.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Locality but moderate, -one will have but little desire for travelling, and -will be nearly regardless of the localities of the -places which he visits. He will often lose his -way in forests and cities, with which he is not -familiar, and will seldom find a place if obscurely -situated without great trouble. With -Individuality and Ideality large, will have a -fine taste for natural scenery, but his descriptions -will be vague and unsatisfactory in consequence -of his inability to point out the particular -localities of the different objects.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Locality small, one will be -extremely unobservant of, and inattentive to the -localities of objects. He will often lose his way -even in places with which he is familiar, and -will be nearly wanting in the attributes ascribed -to this organ.</p> - -<h3 id="eventuality">9. EVENTUALITY.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ takes cognizance of actions as -they exist; and thus observes the phenomena -that is constantly taking place throughout nature. -It is a principal element in the desire for -knowledge, and greatly aids in giving an ability -for practical business involving details.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Eventuality predominant, -one will notice and remember every transaction -and occurrence that comes within his -observation, in all their varied details. He will -have an insatiable thirst for knowledge, and seldom -allow any incident to escape his recollection. -He will attend much more to facts than -to principles, and will be given more to narration -than to reasoning, often weakening his -arguments by narrating unimportant particulars, -which have little connexion with the point contested.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—Those in whom this organ is large, -possess a clear and distinct recollection of events -and transactions, and are much given to reading -and observation. They are particularly fond -of historical and other works, abounding in facts -and incidents. With Language large, will be -fond of relating with extreme minuteness, occurrences -and facts with which he is familiar. If -Concentrativeness is large his narrations will be -given in a clear and connected style; but if Concentrativeness -is small, they will want method -and connexion. With large Individuality, Language -and Comparison, he will possess a great -thirst for knowledge, and will readily collect, -analyze and classify ideas. If, with this combination, -Causality being moderate or small, he -will have a large fund of knowledge, but be -unable to profit by it.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Eventuality moderate, one -will be able usually to observe actions, but will -be inattentive to any but those of the most striking -character. If Causality and Comparison are -large, will possess a ready power of reasoning -and classification, but will be wanting in facts -and details to sustain his own opinions. He -will be more given to reason than narration, and -will collect facts more for the purpose of illustrating -his arguments, than the pleasure of acquiring -them.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Eventuality small, one will be -decidedly deficient in his recollection of facts -and incidents, and will be dull and incurious. He -will be enabled to follow any occupation requiring -a close attention to details. In narrating, -he will be unable to recollect any but the most -striking points.</p> - -<h3 id="time">10. TIME.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the ability to observe and -recollect the lapses of time. It also confers the -power of keeping time in music and dancing.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Time predominant, one -will possess an astonishing facility in recollecting -dates, the ages of individuals, time at which -occurrences have taken place, and the lapses of -time generally.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Time large, one will readily -recollect the date of transactions that have come -under his attention, will be fond of history, and -will especially recollect the precise time of each -event. He will be enabled to perform an action -at the given word of command. If in the habit -of dancing, will excel, and take great delight in -that amusement. He will be able to judge the -hour of the day, without the aid of a time piece, -with accuracy.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Time moderate, one will -recollect none but the most important dates. If -Eventuality is large, will be fond of history, -but will generally forget the time of transactions, -and thus want clearness in his historical knowledge. -He will often forget the day of the week -and even his own age.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With this organ small, one will be -nearly deficient in the attributes ascribed to its -functions.</p> - -<h3 id="tune">11. TUNE.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ gives the taste for music, and -makes its possessor take a high degree of pleasure -in listening to musical performances.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With this organ predominant, -one will have an exquisite taste for music, -will make any sacrifices to enjoy the pleasure -it imparts, and will readily catch and learn -tunes almost by intuition.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With this organ large, one will have -a superior taste for music, and will easily learn -tunes, and if his voice be good, will easily learn -to sing. If Ideality is large, his performances -will be rich and pathetic.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With this organ moderate, one -will possess a considerable taste for music, and -with a good voice and large Imitation, may learn -to sing from hearing others, but can never excel.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With this organ small, one may be -fond of music of particular kinds to which he -has been accustomed, but this will not enable -him to learn or practice music.</p> - -<h3 id="language">12. LANGUAGE.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> function of this organ is to enable its -possessor to express his ideas in appropriate language, -and thus to communicate thoughts and -sentiments. The talent of verbal memory depends -on this organ.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—Those in whom this organ -predominates abound with words. They talk -merely for the sake of talking, and their style -in writing and speaking is characterized by great -verbosity. In ordinary conversation they will use -a great multitude of words to express a common -idea, and will be distinguished among their acquaintance -as intolerable talkers. They will -be able to commit words to memory with readiness, -and will recollect forms of expression, -where otherwise the idea would escape them.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Language large, one will possess -the qualities to a great extent that are -ascribed to Language predominant. With large -Individuality, Form, Locality and Eventuality, -will be enabled to relate with great accuracy -the conversation of a speaker, his looks, tones -and actions, and will readily recall the precise -words used. He will possess great ability to -acquire knowledge, and will be distinguished -for copiousness, ease and volubility of expression. -If Causality and Comparison are moderate -or small, his ideas will be of a crude, -imperfect character, yet he will converse incessantly -nevertheless. With Comparison large, -his knowledge of language will be superior, but -if Comparison is small his words will often be -incorrect and applied in a wrong sense.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Language but moderate on -ordinary occasions, one will be wanting in -powers of expression, and to express his ideas -with fluency and effect, he will require much -excitement. If Causality and Comparison are -large, with a large and active brain, he will -have many important ideas, but they will lose -much of their cogency for want of more appropriate -expressions. With Secretiveness large, -he will be rather taciturn and indisposed for -conversation.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Language small, one will be -unable to express any but the most common -ideas without hesitation and embarrassment. -He will find it difficult and almost impossible to -commit to memory, and his style of speaking -and writing will be dry and common place; talking -will be to him a burthen.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="reflective-faculties">REFLECTIVE FACULTIES.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id="causality">1. CAUSALITY.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> organ observes the relation of cause and -effect, and discriminates between actions and -the causes which produce them. It enables an -individual to adopt the requisite means to effect -any end. It is the active element in every effort -of reflection, and is the grand source of thought -and originality of mind.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Causality predominant, -an individual will be distinguished for his proneness -to thought, and utility to speculate and discuss -abstractions. Whatever subject is suggested, -or point discussed, he will be liable to enquire -for reasons and causes. He will be given much -more to reflection than observation.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Causality large, one will be -enabled readily to perceive the relation between -an effect and the cause which produced it. He -will be distinguished for gravity and thoughtfulness -of mind; and will possess much sagacity, -penetration, and originality. With Conscientiousness, -Veneration and Marvellousness large, -and the selfish propensities moderate or small, -he will be much given to moral investigations, -and to reading and conversing upon subjects -connected with general utility and public morals. -With Combativeness large, he will be inclined -to argument and disputation. With the Perceptive -organs but moderate, he will pay more attention -to principles than facts, and will be -guided more by reason and experience.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Causality moderate, and -with proper culture, one may possess good judgment -and a reasoning turn of mind, but he will -be destitute of originality and force of thought. -In an occupation or course of life to which he -has been accustomed, he will conduct with prudence -and propriety, but will be deficient in the -necessary power to devise means for extraordinary -operations, lay new plans, and to carry into -effect important operations. With large Individuality, -Imitation and Love of Approbation, -and small Self-esteem, he will be destitute of -any marked characteristics of his own, and will -readily adapt himself to the views and opinions -of his companions.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—With Causality small, one will be -utterly deficient in originality and force of mind, -and will be wanting in that quality of character -which renders men calm, judicious, penetrating -and discerning. With the propensities and sentiments -properly balanced, he will possess discretion, -and be enabled to conduct operations to -which he has been accustomed.</p> - -<h3 id="comparison">2. COMPARISON.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> office of this organ is to enable us to compare -differences, to note resemblances, and to -perceive analogies. By it we are enabled to -adapt one thing to another so as to produce a -harmonious whole. It prompts to the use of -figurative language in writing and conversation. -Those in whom it is large, trace similitudes -and affinities between objects and events which -entirely escape the observation of others in -whom the organ is small. It prompts to reasoning, -but not in the line of necessary consequence. -It explains one thing by comparing it with another. -It gives ingenuity in discovering unexpected -glimpses and superficial coincidences.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Predominant.</span>—With Comparison predominant, -one will be enabled to analyze subjects, -and to detect inconsistencies with the greatest -facility and readiness, and will almost intuitively -perceive the misapplication of facts and principles. -His expressions will be characterized by -great precision and clearness, and his arguments -will be explained with a great variety of happy -illustrations.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Large.</span>—With Comparison large, one will be -strongly given to criticising and analyzing, and -will readily detect fallacies and improprieties -that would escape the observation of those in -whom this organ is small. If Ideality and Individuality -are large, his language will abound -with elevated metaphors and figures of speech, -but if Causality is small, his judgment will be -defective. If Secretiveness is small, and Combativeness -and Self-esteem large, he will be -strongly inclined to criticise every observation -he hears, and will thus excite enmity and ill-will. -With large Eventuality and Individuality, -will have a great taste for the study of natural -science, and will be extremely fond of -classifying their phenomena, and of comparing -the various qualities of physical objects with -each. He will likewise be fond of the study of -history, and will habitually compare and classify -the various transactions with those of similar -characteristics. If the Perceptive organs generally -are large and Causality small, he will be -possessed of good practical talents, but will be -devoid of originality of mind. He will be calculated -to succeed in a course of life in which he -has the example of able men, but he will be -utterly unable to deviate from the beaten road -and assume the lead for himself.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Moderate.</span>—With Comparison but moderate, -one’s powers of analyzation and criticism will -not be conspicuous. With an active brain and -a favourable intellect generally, he will be enabled -to perceive the force of figurative language, -and will often indulge in it, but his metaphors -will lack force and appropriateness. With Individuality -and Eventuality large, will possess -a great store of facts, but will be unable to -arrange and classify them. If Causality is large, -he will readily perceive the errors in an argument, -but he will lack the power to point out -and apply the exact replication.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Small.</span>—One having Comparison small, will -be excessively dull, and will lack discernment -and discrimination. The most obvious resemblances -can hardly be made manifest to him.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="temperaments">TEMPERAMENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> term Temperament, says a late writer, -is applied to those differences of external appearance -which are supposed to indicate the comparative -state of the fibres of the body as they -are more or less dense, or as possessing one of -the functions of life in greater activity, or one -of the constituents of the animal body in greater -quantity than another; or in short, certain states -or conditions of the body, which are found to -exercise more or less influence in exciting or -repressing the action of the organs.</p> - -<p>The Temperaments as they are usually enumerated, -are four in number, to wit: the Lymphatic; -the Sanguine; the Bilious; and the -Nervous.</p> - -<p>In persons of a Lymphatic Temperament, the -brain is sluggish and performs its functions in a -feeble but steady manner. The individual is -averse to severe exertion, and requires much -stimuli to move him. As a general rule, he -will be averse to either mental or bodily activity.</p> - -<p>Those of a Sanguine Temperament are easily -excited, and easily depressed, fond of pleasure, -and averse to severe exertions. They live for -the present, rather than the future. The actions -of the mind are quick, rather than powerful.</p> - -<p>Persons of a Bilious Temperament are determined, -persevering and ambitious in their character -and disposition. Their every movement -and aspect indicates decision of purpose. Their -mental operations are vigorous and powerful.</p> - -<p>Persons of a Nervous Temperament, are very -sensitive, and are easily excited. Their mental -operations are rapid, but they are soon exhausted.</p> - -<h3>THE END.</h3> - -<div class="chapter"> -</div> - -<p class="transnote"> -Transcriber’s notes:<br /> -Archaic spellings have been retained.<br /> -A number of typographical errors have been corrected silently.<br /> -"5." has been added to the heading of Concentrativesness for consistency.<br /> -Some commas and semi-colons were changed to semi-colons and commas where - there was evidence they were inconsistent.<br /> -</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGY SIMPLIFIED ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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