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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b0291 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65371 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65371) diff --git a/old/65371-0.txt b/old/65371-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 4d289ab..0000000 --- a/old/65371-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,554 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Old Fort Chartres on the Mississippi River, -by John T. Faris - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Old Fort Chartres on the Mississippi River - -Author: John T. Faris - -Release Date: May 18, 2021 [eBook #65371] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD FORT CHARTRES ON THE -MISSISSIPPI RIVER *** - - [Illustration: Old Fort Chartres on the Mississippi River] - - - - - Old Fort Chartres - on the Mississippi River - - - John T. Faris - - Prepared by the Staff of the - Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County - 1955 - - [Illustration: Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen - County] - -One of a historical series, this pamphlet is published under the -direction of the governing Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne -and Allen County. - - BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOOL CITY OF FORT WAYNE - - _Mrs. Sadie Fulk Roehrs_ - _B.F. Geyer, President_ - _Joseph E. Kramer, Secretary_ - _W. Page Yarnelle, Treasurer_ - _Willard Shambaugh_ - - PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD FOR ALLEN COUNTY - -The members of this Board include the members of the Board of Trustees -of the School City of Fort Wayne (with the same officers) together with -the following citizens chosen from Allen County outside the corporate -City of Fort Wayne: - - _James E. Graham_ - _Mrs. Glenn Henderson_ - _Mrs. Charles Reynolds_ - - - - - FOREWORD - - -The following publication, which narrates the fortunes of Fort Chartres -in Illinois, originally appeared as chapter XII in THE ROMANCE OF -FORGOTTEN TOWNS by John T. Faris. The publishers, Harper & Brothers, -have graciously granted permission to reprint the chapter. - -The Boards and the Staff of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen -County present this account with the feeling that it is an important -part of our heritage and with the hope that it will be interesting and -informative to Library patrons. - - -More than two centuries ago there was an astonishing bit of feudal -France on the banks of the Mississippi River. It was called Fort -Chartres by those who chose the location near the southern extremity of -the fertile American Bottom, which extends from a point nearly opposite -the mouth of the Mississippi River nearly to Chester. - -On the Bottom there were a number of French villages noted both for the -military prowess of the residents and for the sleepy, Old World life of -these residents among the Indians, with whom they were on friendly -terms. - -The present Fort Chartres was occupied in 1720 by Philippe François de -Renault, the French director-general of mining operations, who brought -with him up the river for the purpose two hundred white men and five -hundred Santo Domingo negroes, thus introducing slavery in what became -Illinois. The purpose of the fort was to protect against the Spaniards -the servants of John Law’s famous Company of the Indies, whose startling -scheme for curing the financial ills of France was later known as the -Mississippi Bubble. Law’s plan was to set up a bank to manage the royal -revenue and to issue notes backed by landed security. In selling shares -in his Company of the Indies, which was to accomplish financial wonders, -“large engravings were distributed in France, representing the arrival -of the French at the Mississippi river, and savages with their squaws -rushing to meet the new arrivals with evident respect and admiration.” - -Promises of great dividends from mountains of gold and silver, lead, -copper, and quicksilver were made. Shares rose rapidly and soon were -selling for 20,000 francs. For three months the French people believed -in Law. Then the Mississippi Bubble burst and there was sorrow in the -homeland. - -In the meantime the work at Fort Chartres was continued. Within the -stockade of wood, which had earth between the palisades for purposes of -strength, were received many wandering savages who brought their furs -for barter. The French residents felt secure in the presence of their -protection. - -Various expeditions were sent out against the Indians. One of these went -out against the Chickasaw Indians, on the Arkansas River. Disaster -overtook the company of French soldiers, and fifteen were captured and -put to death with savage barbarity. - -In 1753 the fort was in such bad condition that it was decided to build -anew, this time of stone, brought from the bluff. When completed, the -new structure was one of the strongest forts ever built in America. - -An English traveler who visited the new fort in 1765, when the British -were in control, told of finding walls two feet two inches thick, -pierced with loopholes at regular distances, and with two portholes for -cannon in the faces, and two in the flanks of each bastion. There was a -ditch, but this had not been completed. The entrance was a handsome -rustic gate. Within the fort he found the houses of the commander and of -the commissary, the magazine for stores, and the quarters of the -soldiers. There were also a powder magazine, a bunk house, and a prison. - -The visitor told how the bank of the Mississippi was continually falling -in, and so was threatening the fort. In the effort to control the -destructive current a sand bank had been built to turn it from its -course; the sand bank had become an island, covered by willows. Yet it -was realized that the destruction of the fort was sure. - -“When the fort was begun, in the year 1756,” he wrote, “it was a good -half mile from the water side; in the year 1766 it was but eighty paces; -eight years ago the river was fordable to the island; the channel is now -forty feet deep.” - -In the year 1764 there were about forty families in the village near the -fort and a parish church served by a Franciscan friar. In the following -year, when the English took possession of the country, they abandoned -their houses, except three or four poor families, and settled at the -village on the west side of the Mississippi, choosing to continue under -the French government. - -An English visitor who saw Fort Chartres in 1766, when it was still in -its prime, wrote of his impressions: - -“The headquarters of the English commanding officer is now here, who in -fact is the arbitrary governor of the country. The fort is an irregular -quadrangle; the side of the exterior polygon is 490 feet. It is built of -stone plastered, and is only designed as a defense against the Indians, -the wall being two feet two inches thick, and pierced with loopholes at -regular distances, and with two portholes for cannon in the face and two -in the flank of each bastion. - -“It is generally agreed that this is the most commodious and best built -fort in America.” - -In 1772 a flood washed away part of the fort, on which a million dollars -had been spent—a large amount for that day. The garrison fled north to -Kaskaskia, where another fortress was built. - -More than sixty years later the _Illinois Gazetteer_ said: - -“The prodigious military work is now a heap of ruins. Many of the stones -have been removed by the people of Kaskaskia. On the whole fort is a -considerable growth of trees.” - -But the Mississippi relented in its approach to Fort Chartres. A bit of -the old fort still stands—the powder magazine and bits of the old wall. - -Fortunately, in 1778, Congress withdrew from entry or sale a tract of -land a mile square, including the site of the fort. Thus the way was -opened for the acquirement of the property by Illinois, which has made -of it a state park. The fort is to be rebuilt in accordance with the -original plans, which have been discovered in France. - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD FORT CHARTRES ON THE MISSISSIPPI -RIVER *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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} -dl.biblio dt.center { margin-left:0em; text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -dl.biblio dd { margin-top:.3em; margin-left:3em; text-align:justify; font-size:90%; } -p.biblio { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -.clear { clear:both; } -p.book { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -p.review { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; font-size:80%; } -p.pcap { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; font-family:cursive; font-size:110%; } -p.pcapc { margin-left:2em; text-indent:0em; text-align:justify; font-family:cursive; } -dl.pcap { font-family:cursive; font-size:80%; } -span.attr { font-size:80%; font-family:sans-serif; } -span.pn { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; } -</style> -</head> -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Old Fort Chartres on the Mississippi River, by John T. Faris</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Old Fort Chartres on the Mississippi River</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: John T. Faris</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: May 18, 2021 [eBook #65371]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD FORT CHARTRES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ***</div> -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Old Fort Chartres on the Mississippi River" width="600" height="895" /> -</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p01.jpg" id="ncfig1" alt="Old Fort Chartres on the Mississippi River" width="600" height="407" /> -</div> -<div class="box"> -<h1><span class="cur">Old Fort Chartres -<br /><span class="smaller">on the Mississippi River</span></span></h1> -<p class="center"><span class="large cur">John T. Faris</span></p> -<p class="center small">Prepared by the Staff of the -<br />Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County -<br />1955</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_i">i</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p02.jpg" id="ncfig2" alt="Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County" width="600" height="873" /> -</div> -<p class="smaller cur">One of a historical series, this pamphlet is published -under the direction of the governing Boards of the Public -Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County.</p> -<p class="center"><span class="ssn">BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOOL CITY OF FORT WAYNE</span></p> -<dl class="undent smallest"><dt><i>Mrs. Sadie Fulk Roehrs</i></dt> -<dt><i>B.F. Geyer, President</i></dt> -<dt><i>Joseph E. Kramer, Secretary</i></dt> -<dt><i>W. Page Yarnelle, Treasurer</i></dt> -<dt><i>Willard Shambaugh</i></dt></dl> -<p class="center"><span class="ssn">PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD FOR ALLEN COUNTY</span></p> -<p class="smaller cur">The members of this Board include the members of the Board of Trustees of the -School City of Fort Wayne (with the same officers) together with the following -citizens chosen from Allen County outside the corporate City of Fort Wayne:</p> -<dl class="undent smallest"><dt><i>James E. Graham</i></dt> -<dt><i>Mrs. Glenn Henderson</i></dt> -<dt><i>Mrs. Charles Reynolds</i></dt></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_ii">ii</div> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small">FOREWORD</span></h2> -<p>The following publication, which narrates the fortunes of -Fort Chartres in Illinois, originally appeared as chapter XII in -THE ROMANCE OF FORGOTTEN TOWNS by John T. Faris. The -publishers, Harper & Brothers, have graciously granted permission -to reprint the chapter.</p> -<p>The Boards and the Staff of the Public Library of Fort Wayne -and Allen County present this account with the feeling that it is an -important part of our heritage and with the hope that it will be -interesting and informative to Library patrons.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_iii">iii</div> -<p class="tb">More than two centuries ago there was an astonishing -bit of feudal France on the banks of the Mississippi -River. It was called Fort Chartres by those who -chose the location near the southern extremity of the fertile -American Bottom, which extends from a point nearly -opposite the mouth of the Mississippi River nearly to -Chester.</p> -<p>On the Bottom there were a number of French villages -noted both for the military prowess of the residents and -for the sleepy, Old World life of these residents among -the Indians, with whom they were on friendly terms.</p> -<p>The present Fort Chartres was occupied in 1720 by -Philippe François de Renault, the French director-general -of mining operations, who brought with him up the river -for the purpose two hundred white men and five hundred -Santo Domingo negroes, thus introducing slavery in what -became Illinois. The purpose of the fort was to protect -against the Spaniards the servants of John Law’s famous -Company of the Indies, whose startling scheme for curing -the financial ills of France was later known as the Mississippi -Bubble. Law’s plan was to set up a bank to manage -the royal revenue and to issue notes backed by landed -security. In selling shares in his Company of the Indies, -which was to accomplish financial wonders, “large engravings -were distributed in France, representing the arrival -<span class="pb" id="Page_iv">iv</span> -of the French at the Mississippi river, and savages with -their squaws rushing to meet the new arrivals with evident -respect and admiration.”</p> -<p>Promises of great dividends from mountains of gold -and silver, lead, copper, and quicksilver were made. -Shares rose rapidly and soon were selling for 20,000 -francs. For three months the French people believed in -Law. Then the Mississippi Bubble burst and there was -sorrow in the homeland.</p> -<p>In the meantime the work at Fort Chartres was continued. -Within the stockade of wood, which had earth -between the palisades for purposes of strength, were -received many wandering savages who brought their furs -for barter. The French residents felt secure in the presence -of their protection.</p> -<p>Various expeditions were sent out against the Indians. -One of these went out against the Chickasaw Indians, on -the Arkansas River. Disaster overtook the company of -French soldiers, and fifteen were captured and put to -death with savage barbarity.</p> -<p>In 1753 the fort was in such bad condition that it was -decided to build anew, this time of stone, brought from -the bluff. When completed, the new structure was one -of the strongest forts ever built in America.</p> -<p>An English traveler who visited the new fort in 1765, -when the British were in control, told of finding walls -two feet two inches thick, pierced with loopholes at regular -distances, and with two portholes for cannon in the -faces, and two in the flanks of each bastion. There was a -ditch, but this had not been completed. The entrance was -a handsome rustic gate. Within the fort he found the -houses of the commander and of the commissary, the -<span class="pb" id="Page_v">v</span> -magazine for stores, and the quarters of the soldiers. -There were also a powder magazine, a bunk house, and a -prison.</p> -<p>The visitor told how the bank of the Mississippi was -continually falling in, and so was threatening the fort. -In the effort to control the destructive current a sand bank -had been built to turn it from its course; the sand bank -had become an island, covered by willows. Yet it was -realized that the destruction of the fort was sure.</p> -<p>“When the fort was begun, in the year 1756,” he wrote, -“it was a good half mile from the water side; in the year -1766 it was but eighty paces; eight years ago the river -was fordable to the island; the channel is now forty feet -deep.”</p> -<p>In the year 1764 there were about forty families in the -village near the fort and a parish church served by a -Franciscan friar. In the following year, when the English -took possession of the country, they abandoned their -houses, except three or four poor families, and settled at -the village on the west side of the Mississippi, choosing to -continue under the French government.</p> -<p>An English visitor who saw Fort Chartres in 1766, -when it was still in its prime, wrote of his impressions:</p> -<p>“The headquarters of the English commanding officer is -now here, who in fact is the arbitrary governor of the -country. The fort is an irregular quadrangle; the side of -the exterior polygon is 490 feet. It is built of stone plastered, -and is only designed as a defense against the Indians, -the wall being two feet two inches thick, and pierced -with loopholes at regular distances, and with two portholes -for cannon in the face and two in the flank of each -bastion.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_vi">vi</div> -<p>“It is generally agreed that this is the most commodious -and best built fort in America.”</p> -<p>In 1772 a flood washed away part of the fort, on which -a million dollars had been spent—a large amount for -that day. The garrison fled north to Kaskaskia, where -another fortress was built.</p> -<p>More than sixty years later the <i>Illinois Gazetteer</i> said:</p> -<p>“The prodigious military work is now a heap of ruins. -Many of the stones have been removed by the people of -Kaskaskia. On the whole fort is a considerable growth -of trees.”</p> -<p>But the Mississippi relented in its approach to Fort -Chartres. A bit of the old fort still stands—the powder -magazine and bits of the old wall.</p> -<p>Fortunately, in 1778, Congress withdrew from entry or -sale a tract of land a mile square, including the site of the -fort. Thus the way was opened for the acquirement of -the property by Illinois, which has made of it a state park. -The fort is to be rebuilt in accordance with the original -plans, which have been discovered in France.</p> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD FORT CHARTRES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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