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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d89996 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66329 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66329) diff --git a/old/66329-0.txt b/old/66329-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index f58a552..0000000 --- a/old/66329-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,591 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Negro and American Liberty, by John -Moore - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Negro and American Liberty - -Author: John Moore - -Release Date: September 17, 2021 [eBook #66329] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: hekula03, Paul Clark and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from - images generously made available by the Library of Congress) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEGRO AND AMERICAN LIBERTY *** - - - - - THE NEGRO - AND AMERICAN LIBERTY. - - 1895: - PUBLISHED BY PROF. JOHN MOORE, - BOSTON, MASS. - - - - -[Illustration: CRISPUS ATTUCKS. (From the “Bostonian.”)] - - - - - B. WILKINS & CO., - PRINTERS, - 93 FEDERAL ST., BOSTON. - - - - -WHAT THE NEGRO HAS DONE FOR LIBERTY IN AMERICA. - -BY PROF. JOHN MOORE. - - -It seems like a paradox to speak of the Negro as efficiently related -to the cause of freedom in America. He was brought here and forced -into slavery, in which condition he was held most of the time since -the country was settled. He was treated not as a human being, but as -property to be used only for the advantage of his oppressors. Some -became free, but North as well as South, they were largely shut out -from the opportunities for industry and general improvement of their -condition. They were under a social ban and not recognized as equal to -their fellowmen of a different complexion. After suffering from such -treatment for generations it could hardly be expected that Negroes -would feel much enthusiasm in the cause of popular liberty on account -of the wrongs they suffered, and the seeming hopelessness of ever -getting their rights. - -But notwithstanding this the colored man displayed an intense love of -freedom, and a willingness to fight and make sacrifice for the common -cause of human liberty, even when his own prospect of sharing in it, -was not promising. White men, generally assuming that they had the -special right to the monopoly of that blessing. - -In this the Negro showed a magnanimity and noble manhood, never -surpassed by those of any other race. The time is coming when due -justice will be done to our African brothers by the patriotic -historian, which has not yet been accorded. - -It would require volumes to record what the colored man has done for -the cause of liberty in this country. A presentation of a few of the -facts cannot but tend to fire our patriotism as well as revive in our -memories the important part our colored country-men have acted in -achieving the liberties we now enjoy. - -In 1770 an important event took place in Boston. There was a massacre -on King Street now called State. Several men were shot by British -soldiers. The most conspicuous figure there was Crispus Attucks, -a Negro, who lost his life. Years before he had been a slave in -Framingham and escaped from his master. Several advertisements were -published in the _Boston Gazette_, with ample rewards for his capture; -but he was not seized. Twenty years after he came to Boston. When -the British soldiers were insulting and oppressing the true American -patriots, Attucks appeared as the leader to the first resistance to -their tyranny. On March 5th, 1770, Attucks as the leader shouted: “The -way to get rid of these soldiers is to attack the main guard; strike -at the root, there is the nest.” When the British soldiers fired, -Attucks was the first to fall. The body of this hero with that of -another who fell, lay in Fanueil Hall, while others were buried from -their homes. The funeral was said to have been the largest ever known -in this country. Daniel Webster said: “From that moment we may date the -severance of the British Empire.” - -At the battle of Bunker Hill, Major Pitcairn was killed, which proved -to be a serious loss to the British. It was he who was the chief -commander of the forces that went out to Lexington and Concord at the -time of the famous fight there. He fell at the hands of private Peter -Salem of Colonel Nixon’s regiment of the Continental Army. This Negro -soldier’s claim to this honor could not be disputed. There was another -Negro soldier who distinguished himself, Salem Poor, and displayed such -valor that fourteen American officers called the attention of Congress -to his merits. The memorial was dated at Cambridge, December 5, 1775, -and stated “that under our own observation, we declare that a Negro man -called Salem Poor, of Colonel Frye’s regiment, Captain Ames’ company, -in the late battle at Charlestown behaved like an experienced officer -as well as an excellent soldier. To set forth the particulars of his -conduct would be tedious. We would only beg leave to say, in the person -of this said Negro, centres a brave and gallant soldier. The reward due -to so great and distinguished a character we submit to the Congress.” - -The army organized at Cambridge under General Washington, had from -the start colored men in it. The historian Bancroft states that free -Negroes stood in the ranks by the side of white men. All through the -Revolution the colored man performed a very important part, for which -very little credit has ever been given him. - -At the battle of Long Island in 1776, Negroes fought bravely, and -many fell. Theodore Parker, once in alluding to the discovery of the -remains of these, remarked: “Now after seventy-five years have passed -by, the bones of the forgotten victims of the Revolution are shovelled -up by Irish laborers, carted off, and shot into the sea, as rubbish -of the town. Had they been white men’s relics, how they would have -been honored with sumptuous burial anew, and the purchased prayers and -preaching of Christian divines! Now they are the rubbish of the street.” - -In the war of 1812, the Negro performed heroic service on land and on -the water. Commodore Perry said that Negroes in the navy seemed to -be absolutely insensible to danger. General Jackson gave them great -credit for their efficient services. He solicited and welcomed them -into the service of their country. In September, 1814, he issued a -proclamation, which contained the words: “As sons of freedom, you are -now called upon to defend our most inestimable blessing. As Americans -your country looks with confidence to her adopted children for a -valorous support.” - -In the war of the Rebellion the colored man performed a very prominent -and heroic part. This furnished on a large scale an opportunity to show -his loyalty and courage, and he met the highest expectations which had -been cherished by his friends. - -For two years the war had been carried on by the North on the principle -of saving the Union without interfering with slavery, which was really -at the bottom of the whole trouble. While that policy was pursued the -prospect of success seemed dark. Slaves in several cases ran away and -came into the Union forces for protection, but in several instances -were sent back. General Butler after awhile declared that kind of -property to be contraband of war. After that the rebels did not have -many of the “contrabands” forced back by our soldiers. After the -proclamation of emancipation was issued, victory seemed to turn on the -side of the Union forces, and defeat on the other side. That step for -the freedom of 4,000,000 of slaves, was announced as an act of justice -and a military necessity. - -On the side of the North, negroes for a considerable time had not been -allowed to use a shovel or shoulder a musket in behalf of the cause -of freedom. Some predicted that if so allowed they would not begin to -compare in efficiency with the white man. The experiment proved a grand -success. - -One of the most joyous days of my life, was that in which the first -Negro regiment marched through the streets of Boston, after having been -reviewed on the Common. That was the Massachusetts Fifty-fourth, which -made such a noble record afterwards. This was in May, 1863. Four flags -were presented to it, one by young colored ladies of Boston; a national -ensign presented by a society of colored ladies; another by ladies and -gentlemen friends of the regiment; and another flag by relatives of the -late Lieut. Putnam. One of the emblematic banners had inscribed on it: -“Liberty, Loyalty and Unity.” This regiment did noble service for their -country. General Strong said of the Negro troops that charged on Fort -Wagner: “The Fifty-fourth did well and nobly, only the fall of Colonel -Shaw prevented them from entering the fort. They moved up as gallantly -as any troops could, and with their enthusiasm they deserve a better -fate.” - -Generally the Negro troops acquitted themselves most creditably as -soldiers. Stanton, Secretary of War, said of them at Petersburg: “The -hardest fighting was done by the black troops. The parts they stormed -were the worst of all. After the affair was over, Gen. Smith went to -thank them, and tell them he was proud of their courage and dash. He -says they cannot be exceeded as soldiers.” - -There were in all 178,975 Negro soldiers in the United States -Volunteers, and of these 38,847 were killed, wounded and missing. -They took part in 449 battles. Besides the large military force there -were 150,000 Negro laborers in other departments. When Cincinnati -was threatened with an invasion, 706 colored citizens volunteered -to construct military roads and fortifications, and were known as -“The Black Brigade of Cincinnati.” Many of the members afterwards -entered military service. Had I space I might speak of the brilliant -achievements of Robert Small and others on the sea. Of William Tillman -the _New York Tribune_ said: “To this colored man was the nation -indebted for the first vindication of its honor on the sea.” - -The Negro has two elements in his nature which render him specially -susceptible to civilization and patriotism, namely, the religious -sentiment and music. Without these there cannot be an exalted -patriotism. During the Rebellion the colored people of the South had -as by a sort of inspiration an impression that they were going to be -freed. They sang and prayed with that idea before them. They believed -that “Father Linkum” was to be their Moses, and they would soon be set -at liberty. Under the influence of this they were patient and hopeful. -They prayed for the success of the Northern army, and their songs were -inspired by the love and hope of freedom. - -I will conclude by mentioning an incident which occurred on old Fort -Plantation, Port Royal. There was a grove there of live oaks, in one -of which was a seat, on which a Boston minister had sat while writing -a book on the beauties of slavery, called the “South-side View.” On -the first day of January, 1863, the commanding officer of the Union -forces appointed a meeting in that grove, at which the declaration -of emancipation would be read. There was quite a program marked out, -but which was somewhat interrupted by a remarkable incident. When the -proclamation was read, the many Negroes present suddenly broke out -singing the national hymn: “My country ’tis of thee; Sweet land of -liberty.” That hymn they never could sing before, and now that they -were free they sang it with swelling hearts; but how they learned it -was unknown. Their hearts thrilled with joy at the thought of being -free, and rose in gratitude to God. - - - - -Transcriber's Note: - -Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as -possible. - -Italic text has been marked with _underscores_. - -On page 7, in “the religious sentiment”, “religious” is a correction -of “religous”. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEGRO AND AMERICAN LIBERTY *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Negro and American Liberty</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: John Moore</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 17, 2021 [eBook #66329]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: hekula03, Paul Clark and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Library of Congress)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEGRO AND AMERICAN LIBERTY ***</div> -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/cover.jpg" id="coverpage" width="690" height="1000" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h1>THE NEGRO<br /> -AND AMERICAN LIBERTY.</h1> - -<p class="center p4">1895:<br /> -<span class="smcap">Published by Prof. John Moore,<br /> -Boston, Mass.</span> -</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/attucks.jpg" width="368" height="600" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"> -CRISPUS ATTUCKS. (From the “Bostonian.”) -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - - - -<p class="center">B. WILKINS & CO.,<br /> -PRINTERS,<br /> -93 FEDERAL ST., BOSTON. -</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="WHAT_THE_NEGRO_HAS_DONE_FOR_LIBERTY">WHAT THE NEGRO HAS DONE FOR LIBERTY -IN AMERICA.<br /> -<span class="smaller">BY PROF. JOHN MOORE.</span></h2> -</div> - -<div> - <img class="drop-cap" src="images/drop_i.png" width="63" height="65" alt=""/> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="upper-case">It</span> seems like a paradox to speak of the Negro as efficiently -related to the cause of freedom in America. He was -brought here and forced into slavery, in which condition he -was held most of the time since the country was settled. -He was treated not as a human being, but as property to be used only -for the advantage of his oppressors. Some became free, but North as -well as South, they were largely shut out from the opportunities for industry -and general improvement of their condition. They were under -a social ban and not recognized as equal to their fellowmen of a different -complexion. After suffering from such treatment for generations -it could hardly be expected that Negroes would feel much enthusiasm -in the cause of popular liberty on account of the wrongs they suffered, -and the seeming hopelessness of ever getting their rights.</p> - -<p>But notwithstanding this the colored man displayed an intense love -of freedom, and a willingness to fight and make sacrifice for the common -cause of human liberty, even when his own prospect of sharing -in it, was not promising. White men, generally assuming that they -had the special right to the monopoly of that blessing.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</span></p> - -<p>In this the Negro showed a magnanimity and noble manhood, -never surpassed by those of any other race. The time is coming -when due justice will be done to our African brothers by the patriotic -historian, which has not yet been accorded.</p> - -<p>It would require volumes to record what the colored man has -done for the cause of liberty in this country. A presentation of a few -of the facts cannot but tend to fire our patriotism as well as revive in -our memories the important part our colored country-men have acted -in achieving the liberties we now enjoy.</p> - -<p>In 1770 an important event took place in Boston. There was a -massacre on King Street now called State. Several men were shot by -British soldiers. The most conspicuous figure there was Crispus -Attucks, a Negro, who lost his life. Years before he had been a slave -in Framingham and escaped from his master. Several advertisements -were published in the <i>Boston Gazette</i>, with ample rewards for his -capture; but he was not seized. Twenty years after he came to Boston. -When the British soldiers were insulting and oppressing the true -American patriots, Attucks appeared as the leader to the first resistance -to their tyranny. On March 5th, 1770, Attucks as the leader -shouted: “The way to get rid of these soldiers is to attack the main -guard; strike at the root, there is the nest.” When the British -soldiers fired, Attucks was the first to fall. The body of this hero -with that of another who fell, lay in Fanueil Hall, while others were -buried from their homes. The funeral was said to have been the -largest ever known in this country. Daniel Webster said: “From -that moment we may date the severance of the British Empire.”</p> - -<p>At the battle of Bunker Hill, Major Pitcairn was killed, which -proved to be a serious loss to the British. It was he who was the chief -commander of the forces that went out to Lexington and Concord at -the time of the famous fight there. He fell at the hands of private -Peter Salem of Colonel Nixon’s regiment of the Continental Army.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</span> -This Negro soldier’s claim to this honor could not be disputed. There -was another Negro soldier who distinguished himself, Salem Poor, -and displayed such valor that fourteen American officers called the -attention of Congress to his merits. The memorial was dated at Cambridge, -December 5, 1775, and stated “that under our own observation, -we declare that a Negro man called Salem Poor, of Colonel -Frye’s regiment, Captain Ames’ company, in the late battle at Charlestown -behaved like an experienced officer as well as an excellent soldier. -To set forth the particulars of his conduct would be tedious. -We would only beg leave to say, in the person of this said Negro, -centres a brave and gallant soldier. The reward due to so great and -distinguished a character we submit to the Congress.”</p> - -<p>The army organized at Cambridge under General Washington, -had from the start colored men in it. The historian Bancroft states -that free Negroes stood in the ranks by the side of white men. All -through the Revolution the colored man performed a very important -part, for which very little credit has ever been given him.</p> - -<p>At the battle of Long Island in 1776, Negroes fought bravely, -and many fell. Theodore Parker, once in alluding to the discovery -of the remains of these, remarked: “Now after seventy-five -years have passed by, the bones of the forgotten victims of the -Revolution are shovelled up by Irish laborers, carted off, and shot -into the sea, as rubbish of the town. Had they been white men’s -relics, how they would have been honored with sumptuous burial -anew, and the purchased prayers and preaching of Christian divines! -Now they are the rubbish of the street.”</p> - -<p>In the war of 1812, the Negro performed heroic service on land and -on the water. Commodore Perry said that Negroes in the navy -seemed to be absolutely insensible to danger. General Jackson gave -them great credit for their efficient services. He solicited and welcomed -them into the service of their country. In September, 1814, he<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</span> -issued a proclamation, which contained the words: “As sons of freedom, -you are now called upon to defend our most inestimable blessing. -As Americans your country looks with confidence to her adopted -children for a valorous support.”</p> - -<p>In the war of the Rebellion the colored man performed a very -prominent and heroic part. This furnished on a large scale an opportunity -to show his loyalty and courage, and he met the highest expectations -which had been cherished by his friends.</p> - -<p>For two years the war had been carried on by the North on the -principle of saving the Union without interfering with slavery, which -was really at the bottom of the whole trouble. While that policy was -pursued the prospect of success seemed dark. Slaves in several cases -ran away and came into the Union forces for protection, but in several -instances were sent back. General Butler after awhile declared that -kind of property to be contraband of war. After that the rebels did -not have many of the “contrabands” forced back by our soldiers. -After the proclamation of emancipation was issued, victory seemed to -turn on the side of the Union forces, and defeat on the other side. -That step for the freedom of 4,000,000 of slaves, was announced as an -act of justice and a military necessity.</p> - -<p>On the side of the North, negroes for a considerable time had not -been allowed to use a shovel or shoulder a musket in behalf of the -cause of freedom. Some predicted that if so allowed they would not -begin to compare in efficiency with the white man. The experiment -proved a grand success.</p> - -<p>One of the most joyous days of my life, was that in which the first -Negro regiment marched through the streets of Boston, after having -been reviewed on the Common. That was the Massachusetts Fifty-fourth, -which made such a noble record afterwards. This was in May, -1863. Four flags were presented to it, one by young colored ladies -of Boston; a national ensign presented by a society of colored ladies;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</span> -another by ladies and gentlemen friends of the regiment; and another -flag by relatives of the late Lieut. Putnam. One of the emblematic -banners had inscribed on it: “Liberty, Loyalty and Unity.” This -regiment did noble service for their country. General Strong said of -the Negro troops that charged on Fort Wagner: “The Fifty-fourth -did well and nobly, only the fall of Colonel Shaw prevented them -from entering the fort. They moved up as gallantly as any troops -could, and with their enthusiasm they deserve a better fate.”</p> - -<p>Generally the Negro troops acquitted themselves most creditably as -soldiers. Stanton, Secretary of War, said of them at Petersburg: -“The hardest fighting was done by the black troops. The parts -they stormed were the worst of all. After the affair was over, -Gen. Smith went to thank them, and tell them he was proud of their -courage and dash. He says they cannot be exceeded as soldiers.”</p> - -<p>There were in all 178,975 Negro soldiers in the United States Volunteers, -and of these 38,847 were killed, wounded and missing. They -took part in 449 battles. Besides the large military force there were -150,000 Negro laborers in other departments. When Cincinnati was -threatened with an invasion, 706 colored citizens volunteered to construct -military roads and fortifications, and were known as “The -Black Brigade of Cincinnati.” Many of the members afterwards -entered military service. Had I space I might speak of the brilliant -achievements of Robert Small and others on the sea. Of William -Tillman the <i>New York Tribune</i> said: “To this colored man was the -nation indebted for the first vindication of its honor on the sea.”</p> - -<p>The Negro has two elements in his nature which render him specially -susceptible to civilization and patriotism, namely, the religious sentiment -and music. Without these there cannot be an exalted patriotism. -During the Rebellion the colored people of the South had as by a -sort of inspiration an impression that they were going to be freed. -They sang and prayed with that idea before them. They believed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</span> -that “Father Linkum” was to be their Moses, and they would soon -be set at liberty. Under the influence of this they were patient and -hopeful. They prayed for the success of the Northern army, and -their songs were inspired by the love and hope of freedom.</p> - -<p class="p_last4">I will conclude by mentioning an incident which occurred on old -Fort Plantation, Port Royal. There was a grove there of live oaks, -in one of which was a seat, on which a Boston minister had sat while -writing a book on the beauties of slavery, called the “South-side -View.” On the first day of January, 1863, the commanding officer -of the Union forces appointed a meeting in that grove, at which the -declaration of emancipation would be read. There was quite a program -marked out, but which was somewhat interrupted by a remarkable -incident. When the proclamation was read, the many Negroes -present suddenly broke out singing the national hymn: “My country -’tis of thee; Sweet land of liberty.” That hymn they never could -sing before, and now that they were free they sang it with swelling -hearts; but how they learned it was unknown. Their hearts thrilled -with joy at the thought of being free, and rose in gratitude to God.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> - <img src="images/end.png" width="557" height="95" alt="" /> -</div> - -<div class="transnote"> -<h3>Transcriber's Note:</h3> - -<p>Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as -possible.</p> - -<p>On page 7, in “the religious sentiment”, “religious” is a correction -of “religous”.</p> -</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEGRO AND AMERICAN LIBERTY ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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