diff options
| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-01-22 15:15:29 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-01-22 15:15:29 -0800 |
| commit | d95d7ffefceb943637e8038a7eca98b617658d5d (patch) | |
| tree | 647af1d4a6e587c005690024ce3e67f4e6a02a62 | |
| parent | fbde5fd3e24ebe7cb17f991feceffcdd683aa0c8 (diff) | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66487-0.txt | 1351 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66487-0.zip | bin | 29260 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66487-h.zip | bin | 284445 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66487-h/66487-h.htm | 1691 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66487-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 254963 -> 0 bytes |
8 files changed, 17 insertions, 3042 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53edba9 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66487 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66487) diff --git a/old/66487-0.txt b/old/66487-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 85c026b..0000000 --- a/old/66487-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1351 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The year of jubilee;, by Nathaniel S. Prime - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The year of jubilee; - but not to Africans: a discourse, delivered July 4th, 1825, - being the 49th anniversary of American independence - -Author: Nathaniel S. Prime - -Release Date: October 7, 2021 [eBook #66487] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Barry Abrahamsen, and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE YEAR OF JUBILEE; *** - - - - - The year of jubilee; but not to Africans: a discourse, delivered July - 4th, 1825, being the 49th anniversary of American independence - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - THE - - - - YEAR OF JUBILEE; - - - - BUT NOT TO AFRICANS: - - - - A Discourse, - - - - DELIVERED JULY 4TH, 1825, - - - - BEING THE 49TH ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. - - - - ──❧── - - - BY NATHANIEL S. PRIME, - - Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, in Cambridge, N. Y. - - - ──❧── - - - - SALEM, N. Y. - - PRINTED BY DODD AND STEVENSON. - - 1825. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TO THE READER. - - -Though no apology for the present publication, or for the form in which -it appears, will be attempted, yet it may not be improper or -uninteresting to state a few facts relating to its origin. - -The author has been in the habit, for a number of years past, of -celebrating the anniversary of our Independence with public worship in -his own congregation. Previous to the last 4th of July, notice to that -effect was given, and at the same time it was stated that the subject of -discourse would be—not American _Liberty_, but—American _Slavery_: in -connexion with which, the object and operations of “_The American -Colonization Society_” would be brought into view, and its claims upon -publick patronage defended and urged. A similar notice was sent to the -other congregations in this place with an invitation to attend. - -To a very respectable audience, thus convened, the following discourse -was delivered, and a contribution taken up in aid of the Colonization -Society. - -At the close of the service, a meeting was organized, of which the -following are the minutes: - -“_The Hon._ John M’Lean _was chosen Chairman, and_ Gerrit Wendell, -_Secretary_. - -“_The following resolutions were then unanimously adopted._ - -“Resolved, _That it is expedient and proper, in the view of this -meeting, hereafter to celebrate the anniversary of our National -Independence with religious exercises._ - -“Resolved, _That Messrs._ John Ashton, Sidney Wells _and Dr._ Matthew -Stevenson _be a committee to make arrangements for the next anniversary, -by designating the place of meeting, and procuring a speaker for the -occasion_.” - -“_On motion of Mr._ Ashton, _seconded by_ Sidney Wells,—Resolved _that -the Rev. Mr._ Prime _be requested to furnish for the press, a copy of -the Address delivered by him this day, and that the above mentioned -committee be authorized to adopt the necessary measures to procure its -publication_.” - -Although the proposal of the last resolution was totally unexpected to -the author, yet he is willing frankly to acknowledge that its adoption -was extremely grateful to his feelings; not only as an explicit approval -of the sentiments which had been delivered, expressed by many of his own -congregation and others, whose judgment he highly reveres; but also as -affording the sanction of their authority in proclaiming them to the -world. And, that it might have the full influence of that authority, the -address is printed, with the exception of a few verbal corrections, and -the addition of two notes, precisely as it was delivered. - -The author cannot say that the views exhibited are the result of any new -convictions in his own mind. Though he was familiar with slavery from -his birth, yet from his earliest recollection, it was revolting to his -feelings; and the first emotion of humanity that left an indelible -impression on his memory, was that of commisseration for the degraded -condition of a negro child about two years younger than himself; and -from that moment, he never felt at rest on the subject, till the last -vestige of the evil was removed from his parental dwelling. The same -sentiments with respect to the universal guilt, and consequent danger of -the American people, he has entertained ever since he became acquainted -with the institutions of his country, and has occasionally exhibited -them; but he acknowledges himself highly censurable in not having more -frequently and pointedly urged them. He therefore presents this address -to the publick, not only in compliance with the wishes of those whom he -cannot refuse, but as a small atonement for having so often neglected to -employ his pen, and raise his voice against an evil so extensive in its -operation, and so alarming in its consequences. - -_Cambridge_, July 5th, 1825. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - A DISCOURSE, &c. - - -THE words from which I propose to address you, on this occasion, you -will find recorded in “The DECLARATION of the INDEPENDENCE of the UNITED -STATES of AMERICA;”—the first clause after the preamble. - -The words are these: - - “_We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are - created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with - certain unalienable rights; that among these are Life, Liberty, - and the pursuit of Happiness._” - -Man, considered as a rational and social being, occupies a variety of -important relations in the universe of God. In the first place he stands -related to that great and glorious Being who gave him existence, and he -is under the most solemn and indissoluble obligations, to the exercise -of eternal reverence, love and gratitude. However indifferent he may -feel, in his present fallen state, to the demands of heaven, and however -negligent he may be of the duties which result from those demands, it is -an incontrovertible truth, that the service of God has the first and -highest claim. Hence, the first and greatest commandment of the law is -declared, by the divine Saviour to be this; “_Thou shalt love the Lord -thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy -mind, and with all thy strength._” Mark xii. 30. An immediate and -constant compliance with this precept should be the first object of -every human being. - -But although this is the first, it is not the only duty of man. He -occupies other relations, and, of course, is subjected to the authority -of other duties. Passing over all the other subordinate connexions of -man, as foreign from our present purpose, I shall here notice only his -relation to his own species, and the obligations which result from that -relation. All men are formed by the same hand, born into the same world, -under the same circumstances, and are bound by considerations both of -duty and interest to respect each other’s rights, and to promote each -other’s happiness. These duties are next in importance to those which -relate to God. Therefore, our blessed Lord, after declaring the precept -already quoted to be the first commandment of the law, adds, “And the -second is like” to it, “_Thou shall love thy neighbour as thyself_.” He -then declares, with respect to both, “There is no commandment greater -than these.” Here then we have a concise, but complete exposition of -man’s duty in relation to his own species. It is applicable to all the -possible circumstances of life; and at the same time, so plain, that the -smallest share of intellect is sufficient to understand and apply it. It -accords precisely with that golden rule which the Saviour delivered, in -his sermon on the mount; “_All things whatsoever ye would that men -should do to you, do ye even so to them; for this is the law and the -prophets._” Matthew vii. 12. That is, all the duties which God has ever -required of man in relation to his own species, either in the law or the -prophets, are comprehended in this single precept, _Do to others just as -you would wish them to do to you_. Did this principle regulate the -conduct of all men, the earth would instantly resume the first bloom of -Eden. Not only would war, and murder and rapine cease to desolate the -earth, but animosities and contention and oppression of every kind and -degree would instantly disappear. Adventitious circumstances might still -produce distinctions in the relative situations of men; but pride, that -fiend of hell and enemy of happiness, would be banished from the human -breast; and one more prospered of heaven than his fellows, would look -down upon them, not to despise their poverty, nor to rejoice in their -misery, nor to deprive them of their _liberty_; (the last earthly -blessing that man can lose;) but to compassionate their necessities, to -console them under adversity, and to administer to their relief. The -whole human family would be bound together by the sense of a common -nature, and the bonds of sincere affection: in a word, they would feel -that they were _bone of each other’s bone; and flesh of each other’s -flesh_; and in all cases, and under all circumstances, they would act -like _brethren_. - -From these remarks, you will perceive that the words of my text, -although they are not a part of the inspired volume, contain sentiments -in perfect accordance with the divine declarations. This consideration -therefore is sufficient to entitle them to the highest respect. But, in -this favoured land, they do not need this argument to give them -authority. They are the words of our _fathers_; not spoken by the -fireside, or in the closet, while they rested quietly in the midst of -their domestick circles, without a witness of their declarations; but -proclaimed and published to the whole world, while they stood in -jeopardy of their lives and all that they held dear on earth; and with a -solemn appeal _to the_ SUPREME JUDGE _of the world for the rectitude of -[their] intentions_. Nay, more; some of them sealed this declaration -with their own blood, and voluntarily laid down their lives, to deliver -their posterity from tyranny and oppression, and to procure for them the -blessings of _liberty_ and self-government. Confining ourselves to this -view of the subject, we should pronounce that native American unworthy -of his parentage and the name which he bears, who would not revere the -words of his father, uttered under such circumstances. Nay, that man, -let him be who he will, and let his circumstances be what they may, is -unworthy to tread American soil and breathe American air, who does not -cheerfully and sincerely adopt the words of my text, as containing the -sentiments of his heart, “_All men are created equal, and are endowed by -their Creator with certain unalienable rights, among which are life, -liberty and the pursuit of happiness._” - -When this declaration, particularly this clause of it, was reported in -heaven, (and I presume to believe that the sun had not set on the fourth -of July, 1776, before the transactions of the American Congress were -published to the celestial hosts,) what think you were the expectations -of angels and the spirits of just men made perfect, with respect to the -state of things which would succeed in this nation? Doubtless, the -former, in whose respective ranks _liberty_ and _equality_ are not only -_professed_ but _practised_, expected, upon their first mission to this -lower world, to see the American people, without distinction of -complexion or circumstances, enjoying the blessings of freedom. And with -equal probability may we imagine, that those happy souls who had been -redeemed from the earth, and who had here witnessed, with their own -eyes, the oppressions of man exercised upon his own species; some of -whom had, perhaps, themselves been personally guilty in this matter, and -had found, from their own experience, that the last pollution, from -which a Saviour’s blood can wash the human soul, is the sweat or blood -of a black man’s body; I say, we may safely imagine, that, among these, -there was one universal shout of joy. They rejoiced to hear, that, in -one nation at least of this fallen world, after the lapse of almost 6000 -years, THE RIGHTS OF MAN were at last understood, and a solemn -resolution to respect them had been unanimously adopted: that universal -emancipation had been proclaimed to three millions of the human family. - -In view of these considerations, could angels and redeemed souls have -reasonably expected or believed, _if there is any sincerity in man_, -that from the benefits of this solemn declaration, adopted under all the -solemn circumstances just mentioned, and with the most solemn appeal to -heaven, _every sixth man_ was excluded, and _doomed to perpetual -slavery_; and _that_, for no other reason, than because the God of -nature had caused them to be born in a torrid clime, where the sun had -burnt their skin and crisped their hair, and they had been transported -against their will, to a land inhabited by white men? - -And if the celestial hosts were then restrained from an universal -clamour of disapprobation, by the consideration that such an exception -was rendered necessary by the existing circumstances of the country, and -the impossibility of emancipating 500,000 slaves while our shores were -invaded by a foreign foe; could they have been persuaded to believe, -that, after heaven had espoused the cause of America, and God himself -had fought her battles, and victory had crowned her arms, the American -people would permit almost half a century to roll away in the enjoyment -of unexampled liberty, prosperity and happiness, while slavery would be -permitted to increase with the increase of their wealth and population? -Could they expect that this solemn declaration of Independence would be -annually read the 50th time, accompanied with the roar of cannon, the -display of banners, and shouts of joy, and that thousands and hundreds -of thousands of dollars would be expended on every return of this -anniversary in feasting and dissipation and tumult, and yet _no year of -Jubilee_ be proclaimed to the oppressed sons of Africa? - -But such is the fact. This day commences the 50th year of freedom to -American white men, and yet a million and a half of our fellow men, -within our own dwellings, are this moment groaning under the chains of -bondage. Tell me not, as it is often told by the advocates of slavery, -that they are incapable of providing for themselves; and are therefore -happier in their present dependent condition, than if they were -immediately emancipated. I cheerfully admit that the little feathered -songster that was hatched in a cage or incarcerated before his wings -were fledged, may be ignorant of most of the sweets of liberty; and -after being long accustomed to have his food provided by his owner’s -hand, might be incapable of finding it, in equal profusion, in the -fields and forests; but does this prove that he has not a nature adapted -to the enjoyment of liberty, and equally entitled to the privilege with -other birds? - -But on this point reasoning is needless. I appeal to my text. “ALL _men -are created equal_,” said our forefathers, “_and are endowed by their -Creator with certain unalienable rights; among these are life_, LIBERTY -_and the pursuit of happiness_.” For the space of fifty years we have -been reiterating the same maxim and at the same time declaring that it -is “a self-evident truth.” Now, I say, let us aim at consistency of -character. Let us reduce the principle to practice, and prove to the -world that we believe what we say, or blot it out from the declaration -of our rights and privileges. We may abhor the tyranny of kings and -emperors, and commiserate the degraded state of their oppressed -subjects, but a greater incongruity cannot be found in any nation than -that which exists in our own. In one hand we hold the protestation that -all men are equal, and entitled to the enjoyment of life and liberty; -and in the other, we firmly grasp the chains of slavery and wield the -goads of correction. We proclaim to the world that we are the only -nation of freemen on earth, and yet daily practise the most absolute -despotism. It is frequently the case that the same publick newspaper -which unblushingly asserts the equality of our rights, and the justice -of our institutions, advertises a whole village of _human beings for -sale_. Again I say, let us aim at CONSISTENCY: either acknowledge to the -world that we are tyrants and despots, or act according to our -professions. - -That my text contains a correct assertion, I am not disposed for a -moment to question: and I should surely be employed to no purpose in -attempting to prove to others, what they have asserted for half a -century, to be “a self-evident truth.” If then, all men are, by their -birth, entitled to the same natural rights and privileges, they can be -divested of them only by the authority of Him who has the power of life -and death in his hands. The God of nature has a perfect right to -authorize one nation to subjugate another, as he delivered the -Canaanites into the hands of Israel. But surely this is no argument in -favour of American slavery. When we have found a “_Thus saith the Lord_” -for the subjugation of Africans, then, and not till then, shall we have -a right to make them our slaves. - -A man may also forfeit his liberty, and even his life, by the commission -of crimes against the interests of society. And in all such cases, every -nation on the globe has a charter from the King of heaven to inflict -merited punishment. But surely no man of common sense will pretend that -this authorizes any individual or commonwealth to reduce to perpetual -bondage, and entail the same on their posterity, those who have never -violated a single law of the land. - -The time has been when the event of war has been supposed to confer on -the victorious party the right of enslaving the vanquished. But this is -now universally acknowledged to be a principle of barbarism, and is -abandoned by the civilized world. Where then is our charter for the -oppression of our fellow men? - -Perhaps the most plausible argument in support of American slavery, (and -it is one that has been newly discovered, for it was first introduced -into Congress on the Missouri question,) is, that the New Testament -distinctly recognises without any mark of disapprobation, the relation -of masters and servants, and St. Paul in his Epistles explicitly enjoins -on the latter the duty of respect, obedience and fidelity. This argument -has been triumphantly urged as presenting Divine authority for slavery. -But pray tell me, are there no servants but slaves? Is there no such -thing as the relation of master and servant unless where slavery exists? -If so, tell Great Britain to blot the word from her vocabulary, that it -has no meaning in the English language, and is exclusively of American -origin and use. - -“But,” says the advocate of slavery, “this argument is not to be got rid -of in this way. This is mere quibbling. St. Paul speaks not only of -servants, but of _bond-men_; and he actually enjoins it on every man to -abide in the same calling, or condition, wherein he is called. And he -specifies particularly that if any one is called being a _servant_, he -is to rest contented with the assurance that he is the Lord’s _free -man_. 1 Cor. vii. 20-22. Nay, in his Epistle to Philemon, he had a fair -opportunity to put this question at rest for ever; but instead of -rebuking the master for holding slaves, he returned the _runaway_ to his -service.”[1] On this ground, it has been asserted, that those who hold -slaves are more obedient to the Scriptures than those who do not. - -Footnote 1: - - This whole argument, in all its parts, was once urged with amazing - zeal, on the floor of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. - -If I am not greatly mistaken in regard to the nature of this argument, I -could prove, in the same way, that tyranny and despotism are approved of -God; and that those who submit to such a kind of government, live in -greater conformity to the Scriptures than the citizens of a republick. - -The manner in which I would argue is this. St. Paul, in his Epistle to -the Romans, says, “Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers; for -there is no power but of God, the powers that be, are ordained of God. -Whosoever, therefore, resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of -God; and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation.”—Rom. -xiii. 1, 2. Now this solemn injunction, under this awful sanction, was -imposed by inspiration upon the Christians of Rome, at the time that the -crown of that empire was worn by Nero, one of the most cruel and -blood-thirsty tyrants that ever disgraced a throne. By his own direction -the city was set on fire, which raged for nine successive days, -spreading desolation and ruin; and then to furnish himself a pretext for -persecuting the Christians, he laid the crime to their charge, and -fiercely commenced the bloody work. “Some were wrapped in the skins of -wild beasts, and torn in pieces by dogs; some were crucified, and -others, clothed in garments covered with pitch, were set on fire; while -the cruel monster calmly sat in the window of his palace and enjoyed the -scene of his own barbarities.” And yet this is the man, whom the apostle -commands the Christians to revere as “the minister of God;” the -resistance of whom is threatened with damnation. Was not Paul then the -advocate of tyranny and oppression? Just as clearly as he was the -advocate of slavery. - -In the same manner I think it can be shown that polygamy is approved by -St. Paul, at least among the Gentiles. He expressly ordained that “a -bishop or deacon must be the husband of one wife.” 1 Tim. iii. 2, 12. -Now the inference is fair, that all other men might have more than one. -Private members of the church are not restricted in their inclinations -in this respect, only the officers of the church are not indulged. I see -no way to avoid this conclusion. How then shall we reconcile these -apparent inconsistencies? - -In my view, the solution is plain and easy. Upon the first introduction -of the gospel into any pagan land, there always will be many evils -existing, which are so completely wrought into the customs, interests -and institutions of society, that it is impossible to correct them at -once. Nay, if it were possible, the sudden revolution would instantly -produce unspeakable misery. Take, for instance, the last mentioned case: -Suppose, in a nation where polygamy is extensively practised, every man -could be induced to repudiate all his wives but one; how many thousands -of helpless women and children would be turned on the wide world, -without the means of support, exposed to inevitable wretchedness and -want! The sudden adoption of the true Christian principle, under these -circumstances, would be productive of vastly greater misery than is now -experienced from this horrid pagan practice; and the Christian religion -would be execrated as a system of cruelty. - -What then is to be done? Must Christianity sacrifice its holy principles -at the shrine of pagan impurity? Must we be satisfied to have men -embrace _the faith of the gospel_, while they retain their own _ungodly -practices_? No! But wisdom is profitable to direct.—Some method must be -adopted by which these deeply-rooted evils may be branded with disgrace, -and thus gradually but effectually eradicated. For this purpose St. -Paul, or rather the Holy Spirit, ordained in those countries where -polygamy was common, that “a bishop or deacon must be the husband of one -wife.” A man that sincerely embraced the gospel, might be admitted to -the privileges of the church without first turning half a dozen women -out of doors; but he never could arise to any dignity, or be capable of -holding any office in the church. Now you plainly perceive that the -necessary operation of this simple regulation, was to abolish gradually, -but effectually, this vile practice; not however, by sovereign authority -or absolute force, but by the voluntary consent of the party concerned. - -Thus it appears to be the genius of the gospel to tolerate an evil for a -while, where the immediate and total abolition would be productive of -greater miseries and crimes; while, at the same time, it requires the -use of all prudent and effectual measures for its ultimate extirpation. - -I humbly conceive that it is on this ground alone, that the Scriptures, -in certain cases, allude to despotism, slavery and many other evils -without a distinct expression of disapprobation. Had the evangelists and -apostles explicitly denounced the tyranny of Rome, and declared that -slavery was contrary to the law of nature, and the law of God, they -would have been instantly slain, or driven, at the point of the sword, -from every province of the Roman empire. - -On this account every argument founded on such texts of Scripture in -support of slavery, is of no more weight than the dust of the balance. - -That slavery is an evil is generally acknowledged in those parts of our -country where the least of it exists; and of course, where the most of -its horrors are unknown. And there are undoubtedly many in the -slave-holding states who deplore the evil, and would gladly remove it, -if there was no obstacle in the way. But it is a matter of deep regret -that there are thousands of our countrymen, claiming the style of -republicans, who are the unblushing advocates of slavery. And what is -worse than all, and what renders the extirpation of this evil the more -hopeless, is, that when our northern citizens remove to the south, many -of them become not only the owners of slaves, but in many instances, the -warmest advocates of the principle of slavery. This amazing change in -sentiment and feeling, I am unwilling to ascribe so much to what is -often alleged, that they find the evils of slavery far less than they -expected, and the subjects of it contented and happy; as to the fact, -that familiarity with any vice blinds the human mind to its enormity. I -doubt not that the most enthusiastick republican of our country, if he -found it for his interest to reside under the most despotick government -of Europe, would, after a number of years, return with the report, that -the subjects of that country were much better contented, and vastly more -happy than he had anticipated; and it would not be strange if his zeal -for democracy, and hatred of monarchy were equally diminished. But this -would never prove to me, that the subjects of a despotism are as happy -as they would be, if they were placed in a situation, and prepared, to -enjoy the blessings of a free government. - -That this is the true reason of this change, I think is evident from the -fact, that our northern men, after they become familiar with slavery, -can calmly indulge themselves in that kind of treatment of slaves, which -would previously have made them shudder. In this connexion I will -mention a _fact_, which for the credit of New-England, and the honour of -religion, I would gladly conceal to the judgment day, if the -circumstances of the case had not been publicly displayed through this -region of country. Two years ago a native of Vermont, and a minister of -the gospel too, who has resided some years at the South, passed with his -family, through this town and put up for the night within the sound of -my voice where I now stand. They were attended by a servant-girl, who -was not permitted to eat at a table or sleep on a bed, though in the -true spirit of northern feeling, both were kindly proffered by the -landlady. She spent her night on the naked floor, with no other pillow -than her bundle of clothes; and set out in the morning in an open -waggon, to endure the heat of a summer’s sun, with no other covering for -her head than the woolly fleece which nature gave. Such kind of -treatment, for aught I know, may be deemed necessary at the south, as I -understood, it was then alleged, to keep the blacks from being “_exalted -above measure_;” yet surely it cannot be witnessed, without sentiments -of indignation, in a northern clime. And for the honour of humanity, to -say nothing of the gospel ministry, I pray God, that my own eyes may -never again witness a similar scene. - -But let the plea be reiterated as often as it may, that the slavery -which exists in our country is not so appalling as northern men suppose; -it is still an evil, that exists contrary to the law of nature and -nature’s God, and in the face too, of American rights and privileges. -And beyond this, it stands necessarily connected with other evils, which -are more shocking to the feelings of humanity, than slavery itself. Take -for example, these simple facts. By the laws of some of the -slave-holding states, no man can emancipate his own slaves; and any -person is liable to the barbarous and disgraceful punishment of being -_whipped_ on the naked back, if convicted of _teaching a slave to read_. -Thus the poor Africans are not only deprived of their liberty, but are -completely cut off from almost the only means of information, with -respect to their duty to God and their fellow men, and of preparation -for the eternal world; of the only means that can alleviate their -sorrows and enliven their solitude. By these laws, a pious and -benevolent master, who has inherited a hundred slaves, and who would -gladly deliver them from bondage, or, at least, alleviate, by every -means in his power, the miseries of their condition, is compelled, -against every feeling of his heart, not only to hold them in servitude, -but to keep them in absolute ignorance. - -Although these laws are founded neither in humanity, nor Christianity, -yet evidently in _good policy_; and they are necessarily connected with -slavery, in the extent to which it exists. The physical power of the -black population, in many districts of our country, bears such an -alarming proportion to that of the whites, that nothing is wanting on -their part but information, to enable them to assert and maintain their -rights. Only let them know what they are, and of what they are capable, -and in one month’s time the Tragedy of St. Domingo would be re-acted on -this side of the Gulf-Stream. - -By this time, my hearers, I presume you have begun to inquire for the -remedy of this “legion of evils:” and some of you may have drawn the -conclusion, that nothing short of the immediate and absolute -emancipation of all the slaves of our country would satisfy my mind. But -this is not the fact. However highly my feelings may be wrought on this -subject, they have not got the better of my understanding. I am -perfectly satisfied that it is one of those evils which cannot be -removed by a single stroke. The immediate emancipation of all the -slaves, would doubtless be attended with consequences, both upon -themselves and the whites, vastly more terrible and distressing, than -all the horrours of slavery. And if St. Paul himself were now on earth, -and consulted on the subject, I doubt not he would disapprove of such a -measure. It has been already shown that there are evils existing in the -pagan world, which are directly opposed to Christianity; and yet the -genius of the gospel, upon its first introduction, does not demand their -immediate and entire abolition. And although this country is not -strictly speaking a pagan country, yet the practice in question is a -pagan practice; and so effectually wrought into the habits and feelings -and institutions of our land, that its complete extirpation must -necessarily be the work of time.—But here let it be particularly -observed, that, in all such cases, we have no licence for the toleration -of any sinful custom, a single moment, without the adoption of wise and -prudent measures calculated ultimately to abolish it. - -This, it appears to me, is the only course that can be adopted in this -country for the annihilation of slavery; and in this point of view, I -introduce to your notice, the object and operations of the “_American -Colonization Society_.” - -This association was formed, at the city of Washington, in the beginning -of the year 1817; and is patronized by many of the most distinguished -officers of the general government. The Chief Justice of the United -States has been, from its first formation, the president of the Society. -Its object is the transportation to Africa of the free people of colour, -who are willing to go, and the establishment of them in a colony, or -colonies, under all the advantages of civil and religious privileges. -Though its incipient measures were attended with some adverse -providences, yet it has progressed with as much success, and with as -flattering prospects as could possibly have been anticipated. A district -of fertile territory on the Western Coast of Africa has been purchased -of the natives, and a flourishing colony planted there, under the -direction and control of resident agents. Schools are organized, and the -means of grace established among them. The plan has been countenanced, -though not explicitly approved, by the government of our country; and it -has been distinctly recommended by the supreme judicatories of several -of the most numerous and respectable denominations of Christians to the -patronage of their members, especially on this interesting occasion. - -As this Society, since its organization, has met with considerable -opposition, I feel it to be my duty to present a few considerations in -support of its claims. - -If the slaves of our country are ever to enjoy all the blessings of -freedom, it must evidently be, in a state of total separation from the -white population. Such are the present feelings of our citizens, and so -firmly are they fixed in their breasts, that we need never expect to see -the blacks amalgamated with the whites in all the social connexions of -life. In what district of our country will the latter become willing to -connect themselves with the former in the relations of the domestick -circle? What legislature will be willing to admit the negro to equal -privileges and powers with the white man, on the floor of the senate -chamber? What University will hold forth the same advantages and honours -to our own children and the descendants of Africans? But until all these -things are realized, if they must live together in the same territory, -the negro’s mind will forever be depressed to the dust with a sense of -conscious inferiority, and can never aspire to those elevated -distinctions of which it is capable. And this is the grand reason of all -that present dulness and stupidity, which are frequently adduced, as -evidence that negroes are a race of beings but little elevated above the -brutal creation. If therefore universal liberty should be proclaimed -through our land, and the African race still be permitted to live in the -midst of us, disfranchised by our feelings and customs, if not by our -laws,[2] of the rights of freemen, we have no reason to suppose that -they would be essentially improved or benefited by their freedom. It is -therefore most palpably manifest, that if our slaves are ever to enjoy -all the blessings of liberty, they must not only be liberated from the -chains of bondage, but at the same time, be placed in a situation in -which they may aspire to all the advantages and distinctions of -civilized life. - -Footnote 2: - - In some of the states, even where slavery is abolished, the blacks are - disfranchised of the rights of citizens. To the eternal disgrace of - our own state, the despotick principles of our Constitution have been - multiplied instead of being diminished by the late Convention. By the - old Constitution, only one class of citizens were divested of certain - natural rights without having committed any crime to forfeit them. But - by the present Constitution there are two. And the reasons in both - cases are very similar; in the one, _wearing a black coat_, and in the - other, _a black skin_. But the operation of these regulations is much - more oppressive in the latter, than in the former case. The colour of - a man’s dress depends on his own will; but, “_the Ethiopian_ CANNOT - _change his skin_,” if he would. - -This is the immediate object of the Colonization Society. Nor is it a -mere matter of doubtful experiment. A similar attempt has long since -been made by the British nation, at Sierra Leone, and the result has -fully proven to the world, that the minds of black men are as capable as -the whites, when placed under equal circumstances of improvement. The -same results are beginning to be realized in the infant colony planted -by our own countrymen at Cape Mesurado. And nothing is wanting, but the -patronage of our own citizens, to extend the same advantages to hundreds -and thousands of the degraded and oppressed sons of Africa, who are -still in our land. - -In further confirmation of the same views, it may be observed, that in -the slave-holding states there are many owners of slaves who would -gladly emancipate them, but are expressly prohibited. It is impossible, -therefore, for them to proclaim “liberty to the captives,” unless they -can transport them without the limits of the state. What then can such -benevolent masters do with their slaves? To turn them out into our -western wilds, would be to expose them to certain starvation; or if any -survived, they would be hunted down as wild beasts, by a herd of brutal -kidnappers, and carried back and sold to less merciful masters than they -served before. To transport them to a foreign shore, if any individual -were able to incur the expense, without any concert of action, would be -to expose them to immediate death by barbarous hands. It is therefore -impossible to afford those who are disposed, an opportunity to -emancipate their slaves, without such a concert of action as shall -protect the colony in its infantile state, till it shall acquire -strength and ability to defend itself. Such is the object of the -Colonization Society. - -Let not this effort of beneficence be paralized by the plea, that it is -an insignificant undertaking compared with the magnitude of the evil -intended to be removed. Did you never see a cloud, no bigger than a -man’s hand, at its first appearance, finally overspread the whole -horizon and pour a copious blessing on the thirsty earth? What plan of -benevolence, in this fallen world, was not small at its commencement? -Even the kingdom of God was once like _a grain of mustard seed_; but it -has gradually increased and will continue to grow till it fills the -world. The Herculean labour of abolishing the slave-trade, with all its -bloody horrours, was commenced, within our recollection, by a single -individual, in the legislature of a single nation, amidst the clamours -of a host of opposition; and yet that individual has lived, and we have -lived, to see the horrid traffick proscribed, not only by that nation, -but by the civilized world, and the practice declared _piracy_ by -several nations. What influence then can a consideration of the -smallness of the means, compared with the end, have upon the benevolent -mind in relation to this subject? It may indeed stimulate to increased -exertion, but it surely can produce no discouraging effect. - -But even admitting that the efforts of this Society should never -ultimately accomplish the object of its aim, _the entire abolition of -American slavery_, there is one important result which it cannot fail to -produce. Besides securing the blessings of freedom and self-government -to some of those who had previously groaned under the chains of bitter -servitude, it will afford a ready introduction of the blessings of -civilization and the gospel to the benighted tribes of Africa. It is -recorded in God’s sure word of prophecy, that “Ethiopia shall stretch -forth her hands to God,” while “the isles of the sea shall wait for his -law.” In view of the numerous and simultaneous efforts of the Christian -world to extend the blessings of the gospel to the ends of the earth, we -may justly consider the exertions of the American Colonization Society -as ultimately, though not directly, aiming at the same object; and we -may with propriety regard the Institution as one important wheel in that -vast system of moral machinery which, under the blessing of heaven, is -destined to regenerate a fallen world. - -In this view of the subject, I cannot but indulge in what some may call -the flights of fancy, but what I fondly persuade myself is the reality -of vision. O Africa, long oppressed and degraded Africa! Heaven has -witnessed thy bitter sufferings, and the long black catalogue of thy -wrongs is hid up in store against the day of retribution. But I see the -Sun of righteousness arising upon thee, with healing in his wings. I see -the shades of more than Egyptian darkness dispelled by his resplendent -rays. I see thy wounds, which have been bleeding for ages, instantly -staunched and healed. I see the ferocity of the tyger exchanged for the -meekness of the lamb. I hear thy groves and plains resounding with the -shouts of joy and gladness, and the still sweeter song of redeeming -grace and love. I see “thy wildernesses and solitary places made glad, -and thy desert rejoicing and blossoming as the rose. Thy parched ground -has become a pool, and thy thirsty land springs of water. In the -habitation of dragons, where each lay, there is grass with reeds and -rushes. And a high way is there, and a way that is called the Way of -Holiness: the unclean shall not pass over it: but it shall be for thee; -the way-faring men, though fools, shall not err therein. No lion shall -be there, nor any ravenous beast shall go up thereon, it shall not be -found there; but the redeemed shall walk there. And the ransomed of the -Lord shall return and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon -their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness; _and sorrow and -sighing_ shall flee away.” Isaiah xxxv. 1-10. These blessed results I -see effected by the instrumentality of America, the author of all thy -wrongs. And though thy sweat and tears and blood have, for ages, been -crying to heaven from the ground, for vengeance on her devoted head; yet -now I hear thy voice, in the true spirit of gospel forgiveness, -intreating pardon for thy guilty murderers. “O remember not against them -their _former_ iniquities.” I see a tide of pious joy and gratitude, -flowing from thy streaming eyes, sufficient, if aught but a Saviour’s -blood were sufficient, to wash away their crimson stains. O happy, happy -land, once wretched and forlorn! Thy mother’s children shall no longer -be angry with thee, because thou art black, because the sun hath looked -upon thee—they shall no longer make thee keeper of their vineyards, -while thine own vineyard lies waste. Thy complexion is indeed black, but -comely; and thy soul has been washed in the fountain of redeeming grace, -as white and as pure as the redeemed of any other clime; and thou canst -now chaunt as high a note of praise to the God of thy salvation; and -though here thou hast been excluded from the rights of freemen, and the -society of white men, yet in heaven thou shalt mingle, without -discrimination, among the blood-bought throng, and there occupy as high -a throne, and wear as bright a crown. - -In urging the claims of this subject, it is necessary that I should -obviate an objection which is frequently made in this section of the -country. It is said that “this is a matter in which we have no concern -at all—that it belongs exclusively to the southern states.” If this plea -were founded in fact, are we willing to admit, that the citizens of the -northern states are so selfish, that they have no sympathy for the -sufferings of humanity, if they are only out of sight? But I am bold to -assert that this objection is utterly groundless; and that there is not -a single native or naturalized citizen in the United States but is -verily guilty in this matter. It is a well known fact, that in every -original state in the union, excepting one, slavery has been sanctioned; -and that it still exists, to a greater or less extent, in all the states -and territories with the exception of five. Now it is useless for a man -to plead _not guilty_ to the charge of murder, because he has taken the -life of only one individual, while others may have slain their -thousands. It is the _principle_ we are concerned with, and the -principle of slavery has been as firmly sanctioned in most of the -northern states, as in any part of the union; though our citizens have -never found it for their interest to carry it as far. But for this -single circumstance, I presume every farm in this region would now be -cultivated by the labour, and watered by the sweat of negroes. With what -an ill grace then can any, who have implicitly or explicitly sworn -allegiance to the institutions of their respective states and the -general government, especially those who have been, or still are the -owners of human flesh and blood, hold up their heads and say, “We are -pure from the blood of Africans?” - -But, my hearers, I have not yet presented this subject in the light of -its most appalling darkness; nor applied the sharpest point of its -universal bearing. _The_ _union of these States was originally purchased -at the price of the blood and groans of Africa_; and _all our citizens_ -from the north and the south, from the east and the west, _gave their -consent to the bargain_. One section of the constitution of the United -States was written, like the laws of Draco, in lines of blood; the blood -of Africans.[3] By it, all the horrours of the slave-trade, the whole -root and stock and branch of which slavery is the bitter fruit, were -firmly sanctioned for thirty tedious years. During this gloomy period, -under the sanction of the charter of freemen, and of freemen too, who, -in the days of their emancipation from the chains of despotism, appealed -to heaven for the sincerity of their intentions, while they declared to -the world “that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator -with an unalienable right to life, _liberty_ and the pursuit of -happiness;” under the sanction of such a charter, adopted by such men, -and under such circumstances, thousands and tens of thousands of -harmless Africans, who were born free as the air of heaven, or the -streams of the fountain, were forcibly dragged from their native shores, -bound with massy chains, crowded into the filthy hold of a floating -dungeon, without power to rise or room to stand; and when multitudes had -been swept off by wasting pestilence, and found a watery grave, the -wretched remnant, emaciated with famine and worn down with disease, were -sold under the hammer into perpetual bondage. Without the sanction of -all these horrours, the union of these states would never have been -effected. And in consenting to this measure, the northern states became -voluntarily partakers with those of the south, in all the guilt of the -barbarous slave-trade and all its horrid consequences. - -Footnote 3: - - Article I. Sec. 9. - -O my country! what atonement canst thou make for such bloody crimes? -What fountain, but that which flows from Calvary, can wash away thy -crimson stains? In vain wouldst thou offer “many thousands of rams, or -ten thousands of rivers of oil. The blood of thy firstborn would not -expiate thy transgression, nor the fruit of thy body, the sin of thy -soul.” Mic. vi. 7. “Though thou wash thee with nitre, and take thee much -soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me, saith the Lord God.” Jer. -ii. 22. I beseech thee, do not aggravate thy guilt, and provoke anew the -wrath of heaven, by justifying thy deeds or pleading innocent of the -charge. “For thy sin is written with a pen of iron, and with the point -of a diamond; it is graven on the table of thy heart, and” if not “upon -the horns of thy altars,” it is inscribed in the archives of thy -cabinet, and whilst thy children shall read the legacies of their -fathers they shall remember and bear witness of thy crimes, to the -latest posterity. Fly, O fly, in the first place, to the fountain of a -Saviour’s bleeding veins, and there be washed from all thy pollution: -and then, as a testimony of thy gratitude, that much, very much is -forgiven thee, summon all thy energies to repair the injuries thou hast -done. “Proclaim liberty to thy captives; say to the prisoners, go forth; -and to them that are in darkness, show yourselves.” Isa. xlix. 9. -Restore them to “the land of their fathers’ sepulchres,” and let them -once more peacefully enjoy the inheritance of their ancestors. Wherever -they may have been born, Africa is their home. Though transported to the -most distant countries, and situated in the most temperate regions of -the globe, and transmitted through a series of generations, they still -retain in the constitution of their frames, and on the whole surface of -their bodies, the title of heaven to those torrid climes. The God of -nature has evidently determined, that they shall never be divested of -their original inheritance. Though “the descendants of Cush can never -change their skin,” yet the time will come when their souls shall be -made white in the blood of the Lamb; and then, in their own land, which -God allotted to their progenitor, they shall stretch forth their hands -to God, and under their own vine and fig-tree enjoy the fruit of their -labours, without any to molest or make them afraid. - -There is one consideration more, by which I would urge the claims of -this subject. If the people of the United States cannot be extensively -aroused to undertake the redress of African wrongs, from motives of -humanity, and a sense of duty, the apprehension of personal danger may -with propriety be awakened in their minds. God deals with nations, in -this world, on a different principle from what he deals with -individuals.—The wicked man is often permitted to prosper in his sins, -and to die without pain; because the righteous retributions of justice -await him in the eternal world.—But wicked nations exist, in their -national capacity, only in this life. Therefore, if national sins are -ever visited with the indignation of heaven, it must be in the present -world. Hence, we may draw the conclusion, that if American slavery is -offensive to God, the judgments of heaven are now impending over this -guilty nation. And in what form they will descend, we need not the -spirit of prophecy to prognosticate. In several of the slave-holding -states, the black population is already nearly equal to the white; and -the ratio of increase is so much in their favour, that, in the course of -a few years, they will be far the most numerous. During the period of -ten years intervening between the last United States’ census and the -preceding, the following was the ratio of increase in several states: - - - In Kentucky, the blacks increased 57 per cent, whites only 37 per - cent. - Tennessee, the blacks increased 80 per cent, whites only 57 per - cent. - Georgia, the blacks increased 40 per cent, whites only 30 per - cent. - North-Carolina, the blacks increased 22 per cent, whites only 11 - per cent. - South-Carolina, the blacks increased 26 per cent, whites only 8 - per cent. - And in Louisiana as early as 1810 there were 5 blacks to every four - white men. - -It is obvious, that, at this rate, in the course of a few years, those -districts of our country will be covered with a black population; in -comparison with which, the whites will appear as grasshoppers before -them. Now I ask, in such a state of things, what can hinder the blacks -from arising, and after avenging all their wrongs, by slaying their -opposers, taking possession of those very lands as the reward of their -own and their fathers’ labours? Do you say, their minds are incapable of -such an enterprize? Look at St. Domingo; what has been effected there by -the African race, in as ignorant and degraded a state as is any where -witnessed in our own country! And what will our blacks need, but a few -resolute spirits to concentrate their efforts and direct their energies? -And if the genius of negroes is so far debased in our own country, that -nature cannot produce them here, they can easily be furnished from the -kingdom of Hayti. Though that little empire is now at peace with us and -the world, yet black men have always a peculiar sympathy for their own -colour. Besides this, many of our own free blacks have already gone, and -many more will still go to that island, to enjoy all the blessings of -liberty, civilization and science; leaving many of their brothers and -children and connexions in bondage among us.—And do you think that a -black man’s memory is so treacherous, or his heart so callous, that he -can forget, or not feel for the wrongs of his own flesh and blood? -Depend upon it, my hearers, on the shore of that sea-beaten isle, many a -champion will stand, and while he looks to the north and rejoices in the -privileges which he is permitted to enjoy, he will long to impart them -to those he has left behind; and if nothing is done, on your part, to -redress the wrongs of Africa, before you are aware, the alarm of war, -the din of arms, and the rage of conflagration will have laid in ruins -the fairest portions of our land.[4] - -Footnote 4: - - If any are disposed to style this mere conjecture, be it so: but it is - no more than what has already occurred, and may occur again. The - revolution in St. Domingo originated in France, and was planned by a - Society called _Amis de Noirs_, or Friends of the Blacks, organized in - Paris for the express purpose of aiding the negroes in recovering - their liberty; of which La Fayette and other distinguished citizens - were the patrons. And the first individual that drew his sword, was a - mulatto who had been educated in Paris, and sent to his native isle to - deliver his coloured brethren from bondage. - -Do I hear the inhabitants of the north say, “If such events should be -realized, the desolation will not come nigh us; and we will not -interfere to avenge the slaughter of slave-holders!” And are you then -prepared to perjure yourselves? You have sworn to maintain the union of -these states, at the price of your treasures and your lives; and are you -now meditating treason and rebellion in your hearts? You have become a -party to the guilt of slavery, and will you desert your friends when the -contract on the part of heaven is to be fulfilled? - -But if you are verily guilty in this matter, do not imagine that you can -evade the punishment of such a crime. It is the righteous God of heaven -that pleads the cause of the oppressed: and, though the scene of battle -may not be laid at your doors; though the fiercest wrath may be poured -out upon those portions of our country where slavery has existed in its -most extensive and cruel forms; yet the hand of justice will, in some -way or other, mete out to every district the full tale of its desert. -Let us hear no more then of local jealousies and feelings, but as the -sin has involved us in a _common guilt_, let us aim at a common and -timely expiation. The path of present duty lies open before us, and it -is only by diligent and faithful perseverance therein, that we can -expect to escape the indignation of heaven. - -This is a concern in which every citizen of the country is interested; -whether he is now or ever has been a slave-holder or not: and there is -something for every one to do. The sympathies of every heart must be -aroused; the patronage of every purse must be secured in favour of these -incipient measures to remedy the evil; publick attention must not only -be aroused by an occasional effusion, but be kept awake by frequent -communications; the general government must be convinced that it is not -enough to countenance, they must approve and aid this humane -undertaking—that the fountain of guilt springs from the foundation of -our Capitol, and that the principal remedy must be applied there; our -state legislatures must be made to feel that they also have imbrued -their hands in African blood, and that not a moment is to be lost in -washing away the stain. Every motive that can interest the -philanthropist, the patriot, the Christian and the Christian Missionary -is presented in this subject, and he that can be insensible of its -influence is unworthy to occupy a place in human society, unless in the -capacity of “a servant of servants.” - -May the voice of timely warning arouse us, before the sword of sleepless -justice smite our souls. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - ● Transcriber’s Notes: - ○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. - ○ Typographical errors were silently corrected. - ○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only - when a predominant form was found in this book. - ○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_). - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE YEAR OF JUBILEE; *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this eBook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that: - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without -widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/66487-0.zip b/old/66487-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 0803c6b..0000000 --- a/old/66487-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/66487-h.zip b/old/66487-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7044a48..0000000 --- a/old/66487-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/66487-h/66487-h.htm b/old/66487-h/66487-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 8af855c..0000000 --- a/old/66487-h/66487-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1691 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> - <title>The year of jubilee; but not to Africans: a discourse, delivered July 4th, 1825, being the 49th anniversary of American independence, by Nathaniel S. Prime—A Project Gutenberg eBook</title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - body { margin-left: 8%; margin-right: 10%; } - h1 { text-align: center; font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.4em; } - h2 { text-align: center; font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2em; } - .pageno { right: 1%; font-size: x-small; background-color: inherit; color: silver; - text-indent: 0em; text-align: right; position: absolute; - border: thin solid silver; padding: .1em .2em; font-style: normal; - font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; } - p { text-indent: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: justify; } - sup { vertical-align: top; font-size: 0.6em; } - .fss { font-size: 75%; } - .sc { font-variant: small-caps; } - .small { font-size: small; } - .lg-container-l { text-align: left; } - @media handheld { .lg-container-l { clear: both; } } - .linegroup { display: inline-block; text-align: left; } - @media handheld { .linegroup { display: block; margin-left: 1.5em; } } - .linegroup .group { margin: 1em auto; } - .linegroup .line { text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em; } - div.linegroup > :first-child { margin-top: 0; } - .linegroup .in3 { padding-left: 4.5em; } - ul.ul_1 {padding-left: 0; margin-left: 2.78%; margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .5em; list-style-type: disc; } - ul.ul_2 {padding-left: 0; margin-left: 6.94%; margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .5em; list-style-type: circle; } - div.footnote {margin-left: 2.5em; } - div.footnote > :first-child { margin-top: 1em; } - div.footnote .label { display: inline-block; width: 0em; text-indent: -2.5em; - text-align: right; } - div.pbb { page-break-before: always; } - hr.pb { border: none; border-bottom: thin solid; margin-bottom: 1em; } - @media handheld { hr.pb { display: none; } } - .chapter { clear: both; page-break-before: always; } - .figcenter { clear: both; max-width: 100%; margin: 2em auto; text-align: center; } - .figcenter img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } - .id001 { width:800px; } - @media handheld { .id001 { margin-left:0%; width:100%; } } - .ig001 { width:100%; } - .nf-center { text-align: center; } - .nf-center-c0 { text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0; } - .c000 { margin-top: 1em; } - .c001 { page-break-before: always; margin-top: 4em; } - .c002 { margin-top: 4em; } - .c003 { margin-top: 3em; } - .c004 { font-size: 2.5em; } - .c005 { font-size: 2.0em; } - .c006 { font-size: 3.0em; } - .c007 { font-size: 2em; } - .c008 { margin-top: 2em; } - .c009 { font-size: 1.5em; } - .c010 { page-break-before:auto; margin-top: 4em; } - .c011 { margin-top: 2em; text-indent: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c012 { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c013 { margin-left: 5.56%; margin-right: 5.56%; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 85%; - text-indent: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c014 { margin-top: 1em; text-indent: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c015 { text-decoration: none; } - .c016 { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c017 { margin-left: 5.56%; margin-top: 2em; } - body {width:80%; margin:auto; } - .tnbox {background-color:#E3E4FA;border:1px solid silver;padding: 0.5em; - margin:2em 10% 0 10%; } - .box1 {border-style: solid; border-width:thick; padding: 1em; margin: 0 10% 0 10% } - .fn {font-size: 0.85em; line-height: 125%; } - h1 {font-size: 01em; text-align: left; } - h2 {font-size: 1.50em; } - .lh {line-height: 200% } - .std-table {font-size:85% } - .blackletter {font-family: "Old English Text MT", Gothic, serif; } - </style> - </head> - <body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The year of jubilee;, by Nathaniel S. Prime</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The year of jubilee;</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>but not to Africans: a discourse, delivered July 4th, 1825, being the 49th anniversary of American independence</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Nathaniel S. Prime</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: October 7, 2021 [eBook #66487]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Barry Abrahamsen, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE YEAR OF JUBILEE; ***</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/cover.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c000' /> -</div> -<div> - <h1 class='c001'>The year of jubilee; but not to Africans: a discourse, delivered July 4th, 1825, being the 49th anniversary of American independence</h1> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c002' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>THE</div> - <div class='c003'><span class='c004'><b>YEAR OF JUBILEE;</b></span></div> - <div class='c003'><span class='c005'><i>BUT NOT TO AFRICANS</i>:</span></div> - <div class='c003'><span class='c006'><span class="blackletter"><b>A Discourse,</b></span></span></div> - <div class='c003'><span class='c005'>DELIVERED JULY <span class='fss'>4TH</span>, 1825,</span></div> - <div class='c003'>BEING THE 49TH ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE.</div> - <div class='c003'><span class='c007'>──❧──</span></div> - <div class='c008'><span class='c005'>BY NATHANIEL S. PRIME,</span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='c009'><i>Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, in Cambridge, N. Y.</i></span></div> - <div class='c008'><span class='c007'>──❧──</span></div> - <div class='c003'><span class='c005'><i>SALEM, N. Y.</i></span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='c009'>PRINTED BY DODD AND STEVENSON.</span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='c005'>1825.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c008' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c010'>TO THE READER.</h2> -</div> -<p class='c011'>Though no apology for the present publication, or for the form in which it appears, -will be attempted, yet it may not be improper or uninteresting to state a few facts relating -to its origin.</p> - -<p class='c012'>The author has been in the habit, for a number of years past, of celebrating the anniversary -of our Independence with public worship in his own congregation. Previous to -the last 4th of July, notice to that effect was given, and at the same time it was stated that -the subject of discourse would be—not American <i>Liberty</i>, but—American <i>Slavery</i>: in connexion -with which, the object and operations of “<i>The American Colonization Society</i>” would -be brought into view, and its claims upon publick patronage defended and urged. A similar -notice was sent to the other congregations in this place with an invitation to attend.</p> - -<p class='c012'>To a very respectable audience, thus convened, the following discourse was delivered, -and a contribution taken up in aid of the Colonization Society.</p> - -<p class='c012'>At the close of the service, a meeting was organized, of which the following are the -minutes:</p> - -<p class='c012'>“<i>The Hon.</i> John M’Lean <i>was chosen Chairman, and</i> Gerrit Wendell, <i>Secretary</i>.</p> - -<p class='c012'>“<i>The following resolutions were then unanimously adopted.</i></p> - -<p class='c012'>“Resolved, <i>That it is expedient and proper, in the view of this meeting, hereafter to -celebrate the anniversary of our National Independence with religious exercises.</i></p> - -<p class='c012'>“Resolved, <i>That Messrs.</i> John Ashton, Sidney Wells <i>and Dr.</i> Matthew Stevenson -<i>be a committee to make arrangements for the next anniversary, by designating the place of -meeting, and procuring a speaker for the occasion</i>.”</p> - -<p class='c012'>“<i>On motion of Mr.</i> Ashton, <i>seconded by</i> Sidney Wells,—Resolved <i>that the Rev. Mr.</i> -Prime <i>be requested to furnish for the press, a copy of the Address delivered by him this day, -and that the above mentioned committee be authorized to adopt the necessary measures to procure -its publication</i>.”</p> - -<p class='c012'>Although the proposal of the last resolution was totally unexpected to the author, -yet he is willing frankly to acknowledge that its adoption was extremely grateful to his -feelings; not only as an explicit approval of the sentiments which had been delivered, -expressed by many of his own congregation and others, whose judgment he highly reveres; -but also as affording the sanction of their authority in proclaiming them to the world. And, -that it might have the full influence of that authority, the address is printed, with the exception -of a few verbal corrections, and the addition of two notes, precisely as it was delivered.</p> - -<p class='c012'>The author cannot say that the views exhibited are the result of any new convictions -in his own mind. Though he was familiar with slavery from his birth, yet from his earliest -recollection, it was revolting to his feelings; and the first emotion of humanity that left an -indelible impression on his memory, was that of commisseration for the degraded condition -of a negro child about two years younger than himself; and from that moment, he never felt -at rest on the subject, till the last vestige of the evil was removed from his parental dwelling. -The same sentiments with respect to the universal guilt, and consequent danger of -the American people, he has entertained ever since he became acquainted with the institutions -of his country, and has occasionally exhibited them; but he acknowledges himself -highly censurable in not having more frequently and pointedly urged them. He therefore -presents this address to the publick, not only in compliance with the wishes of those whom -he cannot refuse, but as a small atonement for having so often neglected to employ his pen, -and raise his voice against an evil so extensive in its operation, and so alarming in its consequences.</p> - -<p class='c012'><i>Cambridge</i>, July 5th, 1825.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c008' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span> - <h2 class='c010'>A DISCOURSE, &c.</h2> -</div> -<p class='c011'>THE words from which I propose to address you, -on this occasion, you will find recorded in “The <span class='fss'>DECLARATION</span> -of the <span class='fss'>INDEPENDENCE</span> of the <span class='fss'>UNITED STATES</span> of -<span class='fss'>AMERICA</span>;”—the first clause after the preamble.</p> - -<p class='c012'>The words are these:</p> - -<p class='c013'>“<i>We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men -are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator -with certain unalienable rights; that among these are Life, -Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.</i>”</p> - -<p class='c014'>Man, considered as a rational and social being, occupies -a variety of important relations in the universe -of God. In the first place he stands related to that great -and glorious Being who gave him existence, and he is -under the most solemn and indissoluble obligations, to -the exercise of eternal reverence, love and gratitude. -However indifferent he may feel, in his present fallen -state, to the demands of heaven, and however negligent -he may be of the duties which result from those demands, -it is an incontrovertible truth, that the service of -God has the first and highest claim. Hence, the first -and greatest commandment of the law is declared, by -the divine Saviour to be this; “<i>Thou shalt love the Lord -thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and -with all thy mind, and with all thy strength.</i>” Mark xii. -30. An immediate and constant compliance with this -precept should be the first object of every human being.</p> - -<p class='c012'>But although this is the first, it is not the only duty -of man. He occupies other relations, and, of course, -is subjected to the authority of other duties. Passing -over all the other subordinate connexions of man, as -foreign from our present purpose, I shall here notice -only his relation to his own species, and the obligations -which result from that relation. All men are formed -by the same hand, born into the same world, under the -same circumstances, and are bound by considerations -both of duty and interest to respect each other’s rights, -and to promote each other’s happiness. These duties -are next in importance to those which relate to God. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>Therefore, our blessed Lord, after declaring the precept -already quoted to be the first commandment of -the law, adds, “And the second is like” to it, “<i>Thou -shall love thy neighbour as thyself</i>.” He then declares, -with respect to both, “There is no commandment greater -than these.” Here then we have a concise, but -complete exposition of man’s duty in relation to his -own species. It is applicable to all the possible circumstances -of life; and at the same time, so plain, that -the smallest share of intellect is sufficient to understand -and apply it. It accords precisely with that golden -rule which the Saviour delivered, in his sermon on the -mount; “<i>All things whatsoever ye would that men should -do to you, do ye even so to them; for this is the law and -the prophets.</i>” Matthew vii. 12. That is, all the duties -which God has ever required of man in relation to his -own species, either in the law or the prophets, are comprehended -in this single precept, <i>Do to others just as you -would wish them to do to you</i>. Did this principle regulate -the conduct of all men, the earth would instantly -resume the first bloom of Eden. Not only would war, -and murder and rapine cease to desolate the earth, but -animosities and contention and oppression of every -kind and degree would instantly disappear. Adventitious -circumstances might still produce distinctions in -the relative situations of men; but pride, that fiend of -hell and enemy of happiness, would be banished from -the human breast; and one more prospered of heaven -than his fellows, would look down upon them, not to -despise their poverty, nor to rejoice in their misery, -nor to deprive them of their <i>liberty</i>; (the last earthly -blessing that man can lose;) but to compassionate their -necessities, to console them under adversity, and to administer -to their relief. The whole human family would -be bound together by the sense of a common nature, -and the bonds of sincere affection: in a word, they -would feel that they were <i>bone of each other’s bone; and -flesh of each other’s flesh</i>; and in all cases, and under all -circumstances, they would act like <i>brethren</i>.</p> - -<p class='c012'>From these remarks, you will perceive that the -words of my text, although they are not a part of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>inspired volume, contain sentiments in perfect accordance -with the divine declarations. This consideration -therefore is sufficient to entitle them to the highest respect. -But, in this favoured land, they do not need this -argument to give them authority. They are the words -of our <i>fathers</i>; not spoken by the fireside, or in the closet, -while they rested quietly in the midst of their domestick -circles, without a witness of their declarations; -but proclaimed and published to the whole world, while -they stood in jeopardy of their lives and all that they -held dear on earth; and with a solemn appeal <i>to the</i> <span class='small'>SUPREME -JUDGE</span> <i>of the world for the rectitude of [their] intentions</i>. -Nay, more; some of them sealed this declaration -with their own blood, and voluntarily laid down -their lives, to deliver their posterity from tyranny and -oppression, and to procure for them the blessings of <i>liberty</i> -and self-government. Confining ourselves to this -view of the subject, we should pronounce that native -American unworthy of his parentage and the name -which he bears, who would not revere the words of his -father, uttered under such circumstances. Nay, that -man, let him be who he will, and let his circumstances -be what they may, is unworthy to tread American soil -and breathe American air, who does not cheerfully and -sincerely adopt the words of my text, as containing the -sentiments of his heart, “<i>All men are created equal, and -are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable -rights, among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of -happiness.</i>”</p> - -<p class='c012'>When this declaration, particularly this clause of -it, was reported in heaven, (and I presume to believe -that the sun had not set on the fourth of July, 1776, before -the transactions of the American Congress were -published to the celestial hosts,) what think you were -the expectations of angels and the spirits of just men -made perfect, with respect to the state of things which -would succeed in this nation? Doubtless, the former, -in whose respective ranks <i>liberty</i> and <i>equality</i> are not -only <i>professed</i> but <i>practised</i>, expected, upon their first -mission to this lower world, to see the American people, -without distinction of complexion or circumstances, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>enjoying the blessings of freedom. And with equal -probability may we imagine, that those happy -souls who had been redeemed from the earth, and who -had here witnessed, with their own eyes, the oppressions -of man exercised upon his own species; some of -whom had, perhaps, themselves been personally guilty -in this matter, and had found, from their own experience, -that the last pollution, from which a Saviour’s -blood can wash the human soul, is the sweat or blood -of a black man’s body; I say, we may safely imagine, -that, among these, there was one universal shout of joy. -They rejoiced to hear, that, in one nation at least of -this fallen world, after the lapse of almost 6000 years, -<span class='fss'>THE RIGHTS OF MAN</span> were at last understood, and a solemn -resolution to respect them had been unanimously -adopted: that universal emancipation had been proclaimed -to three millions of the human family.</p> - -<p class='c012'>In view of these considerations, could angels and -redeemed souls have reasonably expected or believed, -<i>if there is any sincerity in man</i>, that from the benefits of -this solemn declaration, adopted under all the solemn -circumstances just mentioned, and with the most solemn -appeal to heaven, <i>every sixth man</i> was excluded, -and <i>doomed to perpetual slavery</i>; and <i>that</i>, for no other -reason, than because the God of nature had caused -them to be born in a torrid clime, where the sun had -burnt their skin and crisped their hair, and they had -been transported against their will, to a land inhabited -by white men?</p> - -<p class='c012'>And if the celestial hosts were then restrained from -an universal clamour of disapprobation, by the consideration -that such an exception was rendered necessary -by the existing circumstances of the country, and the -impossibility of emancipating 500,000 slaves while our -shores were invaded by a foreign foe; could they have -been persuaded to believe, that, after heaven had espoused -the cause of America, and God himself had fought -her battles, and victory had crowned her arms, the American -people would permit almost half a century to -roll away in the enjoyment of unexampled liberty, -prosperity and happiness, while slavery would be permitted -<span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>to increase with the increase of their wealth and -population? Could they expect that this solemn declaration -of Independence would be annually read the -50th time, accompanied with the roar of cannon, the display -of banners, and shouts of joy, and that thousands -and hundreds of thousands of dollars would be expended -on every return of this anniversary in feasting and -dissipation and tumult, and yet <i>no year of Jubilee</i> be -proclaimed to the oppressed sons of Africa?</p> - -<p class='c012'>But such is the fact. This day commences the -50th year of freedom to American white men, and -yet a million and a half of our fellow men, within our -own dwellings, are this moment groaning under the -chains of bondage. Tell me not, as it is often told by -the advocates of slavery, that they are incapable of -providing for themselves; and are therefore happier in -their present dependent condition, than if they were -immediately emancipated. I cheerfully admit that the -little feathered songster that was hatched in a cage or -incarcerated before his wings were fledged, may be ignorant -of most of the sweets of liberty; and after being -long accustomed to have his food provided by his owner’s -hand, might be incapable of finding it, in equal profusion, -in the fields and forests; but does this prove that -he has not a nature adapted to the enjoyment of liberty, -and equally entitled to the privilege with other -birds?</p> - -<p class='c012'>But on this point reasoning is needless. I appeal -to my text. “<span class='sc'>All</span> <i>men are created equal</i>,” said -our forefathers, “<i>and are endowed by their Creator with -certain unalienable rights; among these are life</i>, <span class='fss'>LIBERTY</span> -<i>and the pursuit of happiness</i>.” For the space of fifty -years we have been reiterating the same maxim and at -the same time declaring that it is “a self-evident truth.” -Now, I say, let us aim at consistency of character. Let -us reduce the principle to practice, and prove to the -world that we believe what we say, or blot it out from the -declaration of our rights and privileges. We may abhor -the tyranny of kings and emperors, and commiserate -the degraded state of their oppressed subjects, but -a greater incongruity cannot be found in any nation -<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>than that which exists in our own. In one hand we -hold the protestation that all men are equal, and entitled -to the enjoyment of life and liberty; and in the -other, we firmly grasp the chains of slavery and wield -the goads of correction. We proclaim to the world -that we are the only nation of freemen on earth, and -yet daily practise the most absolute despotism. It is -frequently the case that the same publick newspaper -which unblushingly asserts the equality of our rights, -and the justice of our institutions, advertises a whole -village of <i>human beings for sale</i>. Again I say, let us -aim at <span class='fss'>CONSISTENCY</span>: either acknowledge to the world -that we are tyrants and despots, or act according to our -professions.</p> - -<p class='c012'>That my text contains a correct assertion, I am -not disposed for a moment to question: and I should -surely be employed to no purpose in attempting to -prove to others, what they have asserted for half a century, -to be “a self-evident truth.” If then, all men are, -by their birth, entitled to the same natural rights and -privileges, they can be divested of them only by the authority -of Him who has the power of life and death in -his hands. The God of nature has a perfect right to -authorize one nation to subjugate another, as he delivered -the Canaanites into the hands of Israel. But surely -this is no argument in favour of American slavery. -When we have found a “<i>Thus saith the Lord</i>” for the -subjugation of Africans, then, and not till then, shall we -have a right to make them our slaves.</p> - -<p class='c012'>A man may also forfeit his liberty, and even his life, -by the commission of crimes against the interests of society. -And in all such cases, every nation on the globe -has a charter from the King of heaven to inflict merited -punishment. But surely no man of common sense will -pretend that this authorizes any individual or commonwealth -to reduce to perpetual bondage, and entail the -same on their posterity, those who have never violated -a single law of the land.</p> - -<p class='c012'>The time has been when the event of war has been -supposed to confer on the victorious party the right of -enslaving the vanquished. But this is now universally -<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>acknowledged to be a principle of barbarism, and is -abandoned by the civilized world. Where then is our -charter for the oppression of our fellow men?</p> - -<p class='c012'>Perhaps the most plausible argument in support of -American slavery, (and it is one that has been newly -discovered, for it was first introduced into Congress on -the Missouri question,) is, that the New Testament distinctly -recognises without any mark of disapprobation, -the relation of masters and servants, and St. Paul in his -Epistles explicitly enjoins on the latter the duty of respect, -obedience and fidelity. This argument has been -triumphantly urged as presenting Divine authority for -slavery. But pray tell me, are there no servants but -slaves? Is there no such thing as the relation of master -and servant unless where slavery exists? If so, tell -Great Britain to blot the word from her vocabulary, -that it has no meaning in the English language, and is -exclusively of American origin and use.</p> - -<p class='c012'>“But,” says the advocate of slavery, “this argument -is not to be got rid of in this way. This is mere -quibbling. St. Paul speaks not only of servants, but -of <i>bond-men</i>; and he actually enjoins it on every man -to abide in the same calling, or condition, wherein he -is called. And he specifies particularly that if any -one is called being a <i>servant</i>, he is to rest contented -with the assurance that he is the Lord’s <i>free man</i>. 1 Cor. -vii. 20-22. Nay, in his Epistle to Philemon, he had a -fair opportunity to put this question at rest for ever; -but instead of rebuking the master for holding slaves, -he returned the <i>runaway</i> to his service.”<a id='r1' /><a href='#f1' class='c015'><sup>[1]</sup></a> On this -ground, it has been asserted, that those who hold slaves -are more obedient to the Scriptures than those who do -not.</p> - -<div class='fn'> - -<div class='footnote' id='f1'> -<p class='c016'><span class='label'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. </span>This whole argument, in all its parts, was once urged with amazing zeal, on the -floor of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church.</p> -</div> - -</div> - -<p class='c012'>If I am not greatly mistaken in regard to the nature -of this argument, I could prove, in the same way, that -tyranny and despotism are approved of God; and that -those who submit to such a kind of government, live in -greater conformity to the Scriptures than the citizens -of a republick.</p> - -<p class='c012'>The manner in which I would argue is this. St. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>Paul, in his Epistle to the Romans, says, “Let every -soul be subject unto the higher powers; for there is no -power but of God, the powers that be, are ordained of -God. Whosoever, therefore, resisteth the power, resisteth -the ordinance of God; and they that resist shall -receive to themselves damnation.”—Rom. xiii. 1, 2. -Now this solemn injunction, under this awful sanction, -was imposed by inspiration upon the Christians of -Rome, at the time that the crown of that empire was -worn by Nero, one of the most cruel and blood-thirsty -tyrants that ever disgraced a throne. By his own direction -the city was set on fire, which raged for nine -successive days, spreading desolation and ruin; and -then to furnish himself a pretext for persecuting the -Christians, he laid the crime to their charge, and fiercely -commenced the bloody work. “Some were wrapped -in the skins of wild beasts, and torn in pieces by -dogs; some were crucified, and others, clothed in garments -covered with pitch, were set on fire; while the -cruel monster calmly sat in the window of his palace -and enjoyed the scene of his own barbarities.” And -yet this is the man, whom the apostle commands the -Christians to revere as “the minister of God;” the resistance -of whom is threatened with damnation. Was -not Paul then the advocate of tyranny and oppression? -Just as clearly as he was the advocate of slavery.</p> - -<p class='c012'>In the same manner I think it can be shown that -polygamy is approved by St. Paul, at least among the -Gentiles. He expressly ordained that “a bishop or -deacon must be the husband of one wife.” 1 Tim. iii. 2, -12. Now the inference is fair, that all other men might -have more than one. Private members of the church -are not restricted in their inclinations in this respect, -only the officers of the church are not indulged. I see -no way to avoid this conclusion. How then shall we -reconcile these apparent inconsistencies?</p> - -<p class='c012'>In my view, the solution is plain and easy. Upon -the first introduction of the gospel into any pagan land, -there always will be many evils existing, which are so -completely wrought into the customs, interests and institutions -of society, that it is impossible to correct -them at once. Nay, if it were possible, the sudden revolution -<span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>would instantly produce unspeakable misery. -Take, for instance, the last mentioned case: Suppose, -in a nation where polygamy is extensively practised, every -man could be induced to repudiate all his wives -but one; how many thousands of helpless women and -children would be turned on the wide world, without -the means of support, exposed to inevitable wretchedness -and want! The sudden adoption of the true Christian -principle, under these circumstances, would be productive -of vastly greater misery than is now experienced -from this horrid pagan practice; and the Christian -religion would be execrated as a system of cruelty.</p> - -<p class='c012'>What then is to be done? Must Christianity sacrifice -its holy principles at the shrine of pagan impurity? -Must we be satisfied to have men embrace <i>the -faith of the gospel</i>, while they retain their own <i>ungodly -practices</i>? No! But wisdom is profitable to direct.—Some -method must be adopted by which these deeply-rooted -evils may be branded with disgrace, and -thus gradually but effectually eradicated. For this -purpose St. Paul, or rather the Holy Spirit, ordained -in those countries where polygamy was common, -that “a bishop or deacon must be the husband of one -wife.” A man that sincerely embraced the gospel, -might be admitted to the privileges of the church without -first turning half a dozen women out of doors; but -he never could arise to any dignity, or be capable of -holding any office in the church. Now you plainly -perceive that the necessary operation of this simple regulation, -was to abolish gradually, but effectually, this -vile practice; not however, by sovereign authority or -absolute force, but by the voluntary consent of the party -concerned.</p> - -<p class='c012'>Thus it appears to be the genius of the gospel to -tolerate an evil for a while, where the immediate and -total abolition would be productive of greater miseries -and crimes; while, at the same time, it requires the -use of all prudent and effectual measures for its ultimate -extirpation.</p> - -<p class='c012'>I humbly conceive that it is on this ground alone, -that the Scriptures, in certain cases, allude to despotism, -slavery and many other evils without a distinct expression -<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>of disapprobation. Had the evangelists and -apostles explicitly denounced the tyranny of Rome, -and declared that slavery was contrary to the law of -nature, and the law of God, they would have been instantly -slain, or driven, at the point of the sword, from -every province of the Roman empire.</p> - -<p class='c012'>On this account every argument founded on such -texts of Scripture in support of slavery, is of no more -weight than the dust of the balance.</p> - -<p class='c012'>That slavery is an evil is generally acknowledged -in those parts of our country where the least of it exists; -and of course, where the most of its horrors are -unknown. And there are undoubtedly many in the -slave-holding states who deplore the evil, and would -gladly remove it, if there was no obstacle in the way. -But it is a matter of deep regret that there are thousands -of our countrymen, claiming the style of republicans, -who are the unblushing advocates of slavery. And -what is worse than all, and what renders the extirpation -of this evil the more hopeless, is, that when our northern -citizens remove to the south, many of them become -not only the owners of slaves, but in many instances, -the warmest advocates of the principle of slavery. -This amazing change in sentiment and feeling, -I am unwilling to ascribe so much to what is often alleged, -that they find the evils of slavery far less than -they expected, and the subjects of it contented and -happy; as to the fact, that familiarity with any vice -blinds the human mind to its enormity. I doubt not -that the most enthusiastick republican of our country, if -he found it for his interest to reside under the most despotick -government of Europe, would, after a number of -years, return with the report, that the subjects of that -country were much better contented, and vastly more -happy than he had anticipated; and it would not be -strange if his zeal for democracy, and hatred of monarchy -were equally diminished. But this would never -prove to me, that the subjects of a despotism are as -happy as they would be, if they were placed in a situation, -and prepared, to enjoy the blessings of a free government.</p> - -<p class='c012'>That this is the true reason of this change, I -<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>think is evident from the fact, that our northern men, -after they become familiar with slavery, can calmly indulge -themselves in that kind of treatment of slaves, -which would previously have made them shudder. In -this connexion I will mention a <i>fact</i>, which for the credit -of New-England, and the honour of religion, I would -gladly conceal to the judgment day, if the circumstances -of the case had not been publicly displayed through -this region of country. Two years ago a native of -Vermont, and a minister of the gospel too, who has resided -some years at the South, passed with his family, -through this town and put up for the night within the -sound of my voice where I now stand. They were attended -by a servant-girl, who was not permitted to eat -at a table or sleep on a bed, though in the true spirit of -northern feeling, both were kindly proffered by the -landlady. She spent her night on the naked floor, with -no other pillow than her bundle of clothes; and set out -in the morning in an open waggon, to endure the heat -of a summer’s sun, with no other covering for her head -than the woolly fleece which nature gave. Such kind -of treatment, for aught I know, may be deemed necessary -at the south, as I understood, it was then alleged, -to keep the blacks from being “<i>exalted above measure</i>;” -yet surely it cannot be witnessed, without sentiments -of indignation, in a northern clime. And for the honour -of humanity, to say nothing of the gospel ministry, -I pray God, that my own eyes may never again witness -a similar scene.</p> - -<p class='c012'>But let the plea be reiterated as often as it may, -that the slavery which exists in our country is not so -appalling as northern men suppose; it is still an evil, -that exists contrary to the law of nature and nature’s -God, and in the face too, of American rights and privileges. -And beyond this, it stands necessarily connected -with other evils, which are more shocking to the -feelings of humanity, than slavery itself. Take for example, -these simple facts. By the laws of some of the -slave-holding states, no man can emancipate his own -slaves; and any person is liable to the barbarous and -disgraceful punishment of being <i>whipped</i> on the naked -back, if convicted of <i>teaching a slave to read</i>. Thus -<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>the poor Africans are not only deprived of their liberty, -but are completely cut off from almost the only -means of information, with respect to their duty to God -and their fellow men, and of preparation for the eternal -world; of the only means that can alleviate their -sorrows and enliven their solitude. By these laws, a -pious and benevolent master, who has inherited a hundred -slaves, and who would gladly deliver them from -bondage, or, at least, alleviate, by every means in his -power, the miseries of their condition, is compelled, against -every feeling of his heart, not only to hold them -in servitude, but to keep them in absolute ignorance.</p> - -<p class='c012'>Although these laws are founded neither in humanity, -nor Christianity, yet evidently in <i>good policy</i>; -and they are necessarily connected with slavery, in the -extent to which it exists. The physical power of the -black population, in many districts of our country, -bears such an alarming proportion to that of the whites, -that nothing is wanting on their part but information, to -enable them to assert and maintain their rights. Only -let them know what they are, and of what they are capable, -and in one month’s time the Tragedy of St. Domingo -would be re-acted on this side of the Gulf-Stream.</p> - -<p class='c012'>By this time, my hearers, I presume you have begun -to inquire for the remedy of this “legion of evils:” -and some of you may have drawn the conclusion, that nothing -short of the immediate and absolute emancipation -of all the slaves of our country would satisfy my mind. -But this is not the fact. However highly my feelings -may be wrought on this subject, they have not got the -better of my understanding. I am perfectly satisfied -that it is one of those evils which cannot be removed -by a single stroke. The immediate emancipation of -all the slaves, would doubtless be attended with consequences, -both upon themselves and the whites, vastly -more terrible and distressing, than all the horrours -of slavery. And if St. Paul himself were now on -earth, and consulted on the subject, I doubt not he -would disapprove of such a measure. It has been already -shown that there are evils existing in the pagan -world, which are directly opposed to Christianity; and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>yet the genius of the gospel, upon its first introduction, -does not demand their immediate and entire abolition. -And although this country is not strictly speaking a -pagan country, yet the practice in question is a pagan -practice; and so effectually wrought into the habits -and feelings and institutions of our land, that its complete -extirpation must necessarily be the work of time.—But -here let it be particularly observed, that, in all -such cases, we have no licence for the toleration of any -sinful custom, a single moment, without the adoption of -wise and prudent measures calculated ultimately to -abolish it.</p> - -<p class='c012'>This, it appears to me, is the only course that can -be adopted in this country for the annihilation of slavery; -and in this point of view, I introduce to your notice, -the object and operations of the “<i>American Colonization -Society</i>.”</p> - -<p class='c012'>This association was formed, at the city of Washington, -in the beginning of the year 1817; and is patronized -by many of the most distinguished officers of -the general government. The Chief Justice of the United -States has been, from its first formation, the president -of the Society. Its object is the transportation -to Africa of the free people of colour, who are willing -to go, and the establishment of them in a colony, or colonies, -under all the advantages of civil and religious -privileges. Though its incipient measures were attended -with some adverse providences, yet it has progressed -with as much success, and with as flattering prospects -as could possibly have been anticipated. A district of -fertile territory on the Western Coast of Africa has -been purchased of the natives, and a flourishing colony -planted there, under the direction and control of resident -agents. Schools are organized, and the means of -grace established among them. The plan has been -countenanced, though not explicitly approved, by the -government of our country; and it has been distinctly -recommended by the supreme judicatories of several -of the most numerous and respectable denominations -of Christians to the patronage of their members, especially -on this interesting occasion.</p> - -<p class='c012'>As this Society, since its organization, has met -<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>with considerable opposition, I feel it to be my duty to -present a few considerations in support of its claims.</p> - -<p class='c012'>If the slaves of our country are ever to enjoy all -the blessings of freedom, it must evidently be, in a state -of total separation from the white population. Such -are the present feelings of our citizens, and so firmly -are they fixed in their breasts, that we need never expect -to see the blacks amalgamated with the whites in -all the social connexions of life. In what district of -our country will the latter become willing to connect -themselves with the former in the relations of the domestick -circle? What legislature will be willing to admit -the negro to equal privileges and powers with the -white man, on the floor of the senate chamber? What -University will hold forth the same advantages and honours -to our own children and the descendants of Africans? -But until all these things are realized, if they -must live together in the same territory, the negro’s -mind will forever be depressed to the dust with a sense -of conscious inferiority, and can never aspire to those -elevated distinctions of which it is capable. And this -is the grand reason of all that present dulness and stupidity, -which are frequently adduced, as evidence that -negroes are a race of beings but little elevated above -the brutal creation. If therefore universal liberty -should be proclaimed through our land, and the African -race still be permitted to live in the midst of us, -disfranchised by our feelings and customs, if not by our -laws,<a id='r2' /><a href='#f2' class='c015'><sup>[2]</sup></a> of the rights of freemen, we have no reason to -suppose that they would be essentially improved or -benefited by their freedom. It is therefore most palpably -manifest, that if our slaves are ever to enjoy all -the blessings of liberty, they must not only be liberated -from the chains of bondage, but at the same time, -be placed in a situation in which they may aspire to all -the advantages and distinctions of civilized life.</p> - -<div class='fn'> - -<div class='footnote' id='f2'> -<p class='c016'><span class='label'><a href='#r2'>2</a>. </span>In some of the states, even where slavery is abolished, the blacks are disfranchised -of the rights of citizens. To the eternal disgrace of our own state, the despotick principles -of our Constitution have been multiplied instead of being diminished by the late Convention. -By the old Constitution, only one class of citizens were divested of certain natural rights -without having committed any crime to forfeit them. But by the present Constitution there -are two. And the reasons in both cases are very similar; in the one, <i>wearing a black coat</i>, -and in the other, <i>a black skin</i>. But the operation of these regulations is much more oppressive -in the latter, than in the former case. The colour of a man’s dress depends on his own -will; but, “<i>the Ethiopian</i> <span class='fss'>CANNOT</span> <i>change his skin</i>,” if he would.</p> -</div> - -</div> - -<p class='c012'><span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>This is the immediate object of the Colonization -Society. Nor is it a mere matter of doubtful experiment. -A similar attempt has long since been made -by the British nation, at Sierra Leone, and the result has -fully proven to the world, that the minds of black men -are as capable as the whites, when placed under equal -circumstances of improvement. The same results are -beginning to be realized in the infant colony planted by -our own countrymen at Cape Mesurado. And nothing -is wanting, but the patronage of our own citizens, to extend -the same advantages to hundreds and thousands of -the degraded and oppressed sons of Africa, who are -still in our land.</p> - -<p class='c012'>In further confirmation of the same views, it may -be observed, that in the slave-holding states there are -many owners of slaves who would gladly emancipate -them, but are expressly prohibited. It is impossible, -therefore, for them to proclaim “liberty to the captives,” -unless they can transport them without the limits of the -state. What then can such benevolent masters do with -their slaves? To turn them out into our western wilds, -would be to expose them to certain starvation; or if any -survived, they would be hunted down as wild beasts, by -a herd of brutal kidnappers, and carried back and sold -to less merciful masters than they served before. To -transport them to a foreign shore, if any individual were -able to incur the expense, without any concert of action, -would be to expose them to immediate death by -barbarous hands. It is therefore impossible to afford -those who are disposed, an opportunity to emancipate -their slaves, without such a concert of action as shall -protect the colony in its infantile state, till it shall acquire -strength and ability to defend itself. Such is the -object of the Colonization Society.</p> - -<p class='c012'>Let not this effort of beneficence be paralized by -the plea, that it is an insignificant undertaking compared -with the magnitude of the evil intended to be removed. -Did you never see a cloud, no bigger than a -man’s hand, at its first appearance, finally overspread -the whole horizon and pour a copious blessing on the -thirsty earth? What plan of benevolence, in this fallen -world, was not small at its commencement? Even the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>kingdom of God was once like <i>a grain of mustard seed</i>; -but it has gradually increased and will continue to grow -till it fills the world. The Herculean labour of abolishing -the slave-trade, with all its bloody horrours, was -commenced, within our recollection, by a single individual, -in the legislature of a single nation, amidst the -clamours of a host of opposition; and yet that individual -has lived, and we have lived, to see the horrid traffick -proscribed, not only by that nation, but by the civilized -world, and the practice declared <i>piracy</i> by several -nations. What influence then can a consideration -of the smallness of the means, compared with the end, -have upon the benevolent mind in relation to this subject? -It may indeed stimulate to increased exertion, -but it surely can produce no discouraging effect.</p> - -<p class='c012'>But even admitting that the efforts of this Society -should never ultimately accomplish the object of its -aim, <i>the entire abolition of American slavery</i>, there is one -important result which it cannot fail to produce. Besides -securing the blessings of freedom and self-government -to some of those who had previously groaned under -the chains of bitter servitude, it will afford a ready -introduction of the blessings of civilization and the gospel -to the benighted tribes of Africa. It is recorded -in God’s sure word of prophecy, that “Ethiopia shall -stretch forth her hands to God,” while “the isles of the -sea shall wait for his law.” In view of the numerous -and simultaneous efforts of the Christian world to extend -the blessings of the gospel to the ends of the earth, -we may justly consider the exertions of the American -Colonization Society as ultimately, though not directly, -aiming at the same object; and we may with propriety -regard the Institution as one important wheel in that -vast system of moral machinery which, under the blessing -of heaven, is destined to regenerate a fallen world.</p> - -<p class='c012'>In this view of the subject, I cannot but indulge in -what some may call the flights of fancy, but what I fondly -persuade myself is the reality of vision. O Africa, -long oppressed and degraded Africa! Heaven has witnessed -thy bitter sufferings, and the long black catalogue -of thy wrongs is hid up in store against the day of retribution. -But I see the Sun of righteousness arising upon -<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>thee, with healing in his wings. I see the shades of -more than Egyptian darkness dispelled by his resplendent -rays. I see thy wounds, which have been bleeding -for ages, instantly staunched and healed. I see the ferocity -of the tyger exchanged for the meekness of the -lamb. I hear thy groves and plains resounding with -the shouts of joy and gladness, and the still sweeter -song of redeeming grace and love. I see “thy wildernesses -and solitary places made glad, and thy desert rejoicing -and blossoming as the rose. Thy parched ground -has become a pool, and thy thirsty land springs of water. -In the habitation of dragons, where each lay, there is -grass with reeds and rushes. And a high way is there, -and a way that is called the Way of Holiness: the unclean -shall not pass over it: but it shall be for thee; -the way-faring men, though fools, shall not err therein. -No lion shall be there, nor any ravenous beast shall go -up thereon, it shall not be found there; but the redeemed -shall walk there. And the ransomed of the Lord -shall return and come to Zion with songs and everlasting -joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and -gladness; <i>and sorrow and sighing</i> shall flee away.” Isaiah -xxxv. 1-10. These blessed results I see effected -by the instrumentality of America, the author of all -thy wrongs. And though thy sweat and tears and blood -have, for ages, been crying to heaven from the ground, -for vengeance on her devoted head; yet now I hear thy -voice, in the true spirit of gospel forgiveness, intreating -pardon for thy guilty murderers. “O remember not against -them their <i>former</i> iniquities.” I see a tide of pious -joy and gratitude, flowing from thy streaming eyes, -sufficient, if aught but a Saviour’s blood were sufficient, -to wash away their crimson stains. O happy, happy -land, once wretched and forlorn! Thy mother’s children -shall no longer be angry with thee, because thou -art black, because the sun hath looked upon thee—they -shall no longer make thee keeper of their vineyards, -while thine own vineyard lies waste. Thy complexion -is indeed black, but comely; and thy soul has been -washed in the fountain of redeeming grace, as white -and as pure as the redeemed of any other clime; and -thou canst now chaunt as high a note of praise to the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>God of thy salvation; and though here thou hast been -excluded from the rights of freemen, and the society of -white men, yet in heaven thou shalt mingle, without -discrimination, among the blood-bought throng, and -there occupy as high a throne, and wear as bright a -crown.</p> - -<p class='c012'>In urging the claims of this subject, it is necessary -that I should obviate an objection which is frequently -made in this section of the country. It is said that -“this is a matter in which we have no concern at all—that -it belongs exclusively to the southern states.” If -this plea were founded in fact, are we willing to admit, -that the citizens of the northern states are so selfish, -that they have no sympathy for the sufferings of humanity, -if they are only out of sight? But I am bold -to assert that this objection is utterly groundless; and -that there is not a single native or naturalized citizen -in the United States but is verily guilty in this -matter. It is a well known fact, that in every original -state in the union, excepting one, slavery has been sanctioned; -and that it still exists, to a greater or less extent, -in all the states and territories with the exception -of five. Now it is useless for a man to plead <i>not guilty</i> -to the charge of murder, because he has taken the life -of only one individual, while others may have slain their -thousands. It is the <i>principle</i> we are concerned with, -and the principle of slavery has been as firmly sanctioned -in most of the northern states, as in any part of the -union; though our citizens have never found it for their -interest to carry it as far. But for this single circumstance, -I presume every farm in this region would now -be cultivated by the labour, and watered by the sweat -of negroes. With what an ill grace then can any, who -have implicitly or explicitly sworn allegiance to the institutions -of their respective states and the general government, -especially those who have been, or still are -the owners of human flesh and blood, hold up their -heads and say, “We are pure from the blood of Africans?”</p> - -<p class='c012'>But, my hearers, I have not yet presented this subject -in the light of its most appalling darkness; nor applied -the sharpest point of its universal bearing. <i>The</i> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span><i>union of these States was originally purchased at the price -of the blood and groans of Africa</i>; and <i>all our citizens</i> -from the north and the south, from the east and the -west, <i>gave their consent to the bargain</i>. One section of -the constitution of the United States was written, like -the laws of Draco, in lines of blood; the blood of Africans.<a id='r3' /><a href='#f3' class='c015'><sup>[3]</sup></a> -By it, all the horrours of the slave-trade, the -whole root and stock and branch of which slavery is -the bitter fruit, were firmly sanctioned for thirty tedious -years. During this gloomy period, under the -sanction of the charter of freemen, and of freemen too, -who, in the days of their emancipation from the chains -of despotism, appealed to heaven for the sincerity of -their intentions, while they declared to the world “that -all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator -with an unalienable right to life, <i>liberty</i> and the pursuit -of happiness;” under the sanction of such a charter, -adopted by such men, and under such circumstances, -thousands and tens of thousands of harmless Africans, -who were born free as the air of heaven, or the -streams of the fountain, were forcibly dragged from -their native shores, bound with massy chains, crowded -into the filthy hold of a floating dungeon, without power -to rise or room to stand; and when multitudes had -been swept off by wasting pestilence, and found a watery -grave, the wretched remnant, emaciated with famine -and worn down with disease, were sold under the -hammer into perpetual bondage. Without the sanction -of all these horrours, the union of these states would -never have been effected. And in consenting to this -measure, the northern states became voluntarily partakers -with those of the south, in all the guilt of the barbarous -slave-trade and all its horrid consequences.</p> - -<div class='fn'> - -<div class='footnote' id='f3'> -<p class='c016'><span class='label'><a href='#r3'>3</a>. </span>Article I. Sec. 9.</p> -</div> - -</div> - -<p class='c012'>O my country! what atonement canst thou make -for such bloody crimes? What fountain, but that which -flows from Calvary, can wash away thy crimson stains? -In vain wouldst thou offer “many thousands of rams, or -ten thousands of rivers of oil. The blood of thy firstborn -would not expiate thy transgression, nor the fruit -of thy body, the sin of thy soul.” Mic. vi. 7. “Though -thou wash thee with nitre, and take thee much soap, yet -<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>thine iniquity is marked before me, saith the Lord -God.” Jer. ii. 22. I beseech thee, do not aggravate -thy guilt, and provoke anew the wrath of heaven, by -justifying thy deeds or pleading innocent of the charge. -“For thy sin is written with a pen of iron, and with the -point of a diamond; it is graven on the table of thy -heart, and” if not “upon the horns of thy altars,” it is -inscribed in the archives of thy cabinet, and whilst thy -children shall read the legacies of their fathers they -shall remember and bear witness of thy crimes, to the -latest posterity. Fly, O fly, in the first place, to the -fountain of a Saviour’s bleeding veins, and there be -washed from all thy pollution: and then, as a testimony -of thy gratitude, that much, very much is forgiven -thee, summon all thy energies to repair the injuries -thou hast done. “Proclaim liberty to thy captives; -say to the prisoners, go forth; and to them that are in -darkness, show yourselves.” Isa. xlix. 9. Restore them -to “the land of their fathers’ sepulchres,” and let them -once more peacefully enjoy the inheritance of their -ancestors. Wherever they may have been born, Africa -is their home. Though transported to the most distant -countries, and situated in the most temperate regions -of the globe, and transmitted through a series of -generations, they still retain in the constitution of their -frames, and on the whole surface of their bodies, the title -of heaven to those torrid climes. The God of nature -has evidently determined, that they shall never be -divested of their original inheritance. Though “the -descendants of Cush can never change their skin,” yet -the time will come when their souls shall be made white -in the blood of the Lamb; and then, in their own land, -which God allotted to their progenitor, they shall stretch -forth their hands to God, and under their own vine and -fig-tree enjoy the fruit of their labours, without any to -molest or make them afraid.</p> - -<p class='c012'>There is one consideration more, by which I would -urge the claims of this subject. If the people of the -United States cannot be extensively aroused to undertake -the redress of African wrongs, from motives of -humanity, and a sense of duty, the apprehension of personal -danger may with propriety be awakened in their -<span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>minds. God deals with nations, in this world, on a different -principle from what he deals with individuals.—The -wicked man is often permitted to prosper in his -sins, and to die without pain; because the righteous retributions -of justice await him in the eternal world.—But -wicked nations exist, in their national capacity, -only in this life. Therefore, if national sins are ever -visited with the indignation of heaven, it must be in the -present world. Hence, we may draw the conclusion, -that if American slavery is offensive to God, the judgments -of heaven are now impending over this guilty nation. -And in what form they will descend, we need not -the spirit of prophecy to prognosticate. In several of -the slave-holding states, the black population is already -nearly equal to the white; and the ratio of increase is so -much in their favour, that, in the course of a few years, -they will be far the most numerous. During the period -of ten years intervening between the last United -States’ census and the preceding, the following was the -ratio of increase in several states:</p> -<div class='std-table'> - -<div class='lg-container-l c017'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>In Kentucky, the blacks increased 57 per cent, whites only 37 per cent.</div> - <div class='line in3'>Tennessee, the blacks increased 80 per cent, whites only 57 per cent.</div> - <div class='line in3'>Georgia, the blacks increased 40 per cent, whites only 30 per cent.</div> - <div class='line in3'>North-Carolina, the blacks increased 22 per cent, whites only 11 per cent.</div> - <div class='line in3'>South-Carolina, the blacks increased 26 per cent, whites only 8 per cent.</div> - <div class='line'>And in Louisiana as early as 1810 there were 5 blacks to every four white men.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<p class='c012'>It is obvious, that, at this rate, in the course of a few years, those -districts of our country will be covered with a black population; in -comparison with which, the whites will appear as grasshoppers before -them. Now I ask, in such a state of things, what can hinder the blacks -from arising, and after avenging all their wrongs, by slaying their opposers, -taking possession of those very lands as the reward of their own -and their fathers’ labours? Do you say, their minds are incapable of -such an enterprize? Look at St. Domingo; what has been effected -there by the African race, in as ignorant and degraded a state as is any -where witnessed in our own country! And what will our blacks need, -but a few resolute spirits to concentrate their efforts and direct their -energies? And if the genius of negroes is so far debased in our own -country, that nature cannot produce them here, they can easily be furnished -from the kingdom of Hayti. Though that little empire is now -at peace with us and the world, yet black men have always a peculiar -sympathy for their own colour. Besides this, many of our own free -blacks have already gone, and many more will still go to that island, to -enjoy all the blessings of liberty, civilization and science; leaving many -of their brothers and children and connexions in bondage among us.—And -do you think that a black man’s memory is so treacherous, or his -heart so callous, that he can forget, or not feel for the wrongs of his -own flesh and blood? Depend upon it, my hearers, on the shore of that -<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>sea-beaten isle, many a champion will stand, and while he looks to the -north and rejoices in the privileges which he is permitted to enjoy, he -will long to impart them to those he has left behind; and if nothing is -done, on your part, to redress the wrongs of Africa, before you are aware, -the alarm of war, the din of arms, and the rage of conflagration -will have laid in ruins the fairest portions of our land.<a id='r4' /><a href='#f4' class='c015'><sup>[4]</sup></a></p> - -<div class='fn'> - -<div class='footnote' id='f4'> -<p class='c016'><span class='label'><a href='#r4'>4</a>. </span>If any are disposed to style this mere conjecture, be it so: but it is no more than -what has already occurred, and may occur again. The revolution in St. Domingo originated -in France, and was planned by a Society called <i>Amis de Noirs</i>, or Friends of the Blacks, -organized in Paris for the express purpose of aiding the negroes in recovering their liberty; -of which La Fayette and other distinguished citizens were the patrons. And the first individual -that drew his sword, was a mulatto who had been educated in Paris, and sent to his -native isle to deliver his coloured brethren from bondage.</p> -</div> - -</div> - -<p class='c012'>Do I hear the inhabitants of the north say, “If such events should -be realized, the desolation will not come nigh us; and we will not interfere -to avenge the slaughter of slave-holders!” And are you then -prepared to perjure yourselves? You have sworn to maintain the union -of these states, at the price of your treasures and your lives; and are -you now meditating treason and rebellion in your hearts? You have -become a party to the guilt of slavery, and will you desert your friends -when the contract on the part of heaven is to be fulfilled?</p> - -<p class='c012'>But if you are verily guilty in this matter, do not imagine that you -can evade the punishment of such a crime. It is the righteous God of -heaven that pleads the cause of the oppressed: and, though the scene -of battle may not be laid at your doors; though the fiercest wrath may -be poured out upon those portions of our country where slavery has -existed in its most extensive and cruel forms; yet the hand of justice -will, in some way or other, mete out to every district the full tale of its -desert. Let us hear no more then of local jealousies and feelings, but -as the sin has involved us in a <i>common guilt</i>, let us aim at a common -and timely expiation. The path of present duty lies open before us, and -it is only by diligent and faithful perseverance therein, that we can expect -to escape the indignation of heaven.</p> - -<p class='c012'>This is a concern in which every citizen of the country is interested; -whether he is now or ever has been a slave-holder or not: and -there is something for every one to do. The sympathies of every heart -must be aroused; the patronage of every purse must be secured in favour -of these incipient measures to remedy the evil; publick attention -must not only be aroused by an occasional effusion, but be kept awake -by frequent communications; the general government must be convinced -that it is not enough to countenance, they must approve and aid this -humane undertaking—that the fountain of guilt springs from the foundation -of our Capitol, and that the principal remedy must be applied there; -our state legislatures must be made to feel that they also have imbrued -their hands in African blood, and that not a moment is to be lost in washing -away the stain. Every motive that can interest the philanthropist, -the patriot, the Christian and the Christian Missionary is presented in -this subject, and he that can be insensible of its influence is unworthy -to occupy a place in human society, unless in the capacity of “a servant -of servants.”</p> - -<p class='c012'>May the voice of timely warning arouse us, before the sword of -sleepless justice smite our souls.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c008' /> -</div> -<p class='c012'> </p> -<div class='tnbox'> - - <ul class='ul_1 c008'> - <li>Transcriber’s Notes: - <ul class='ul_2'> - <li>Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. - </li> - <li>Typographical errors were silently corrected. - </li> - <li>Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant - form was found in this book. - </li> - </ul> - </li> - </ul> - -</div> -<p class='c012'> </p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE YEAR OF JUBILEE; ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. -</div> - -<div style='margin:0.83em 0; font-size:1.1em; text-align:center'>START: FULL LICENSE<br /> -<span style='font-size:smaller'>THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE<br /> -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK</span> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project -Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person -or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the -Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when -you share it without charge with others. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work -on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the -phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: -</div> - -<blockquote> - <div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most - other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions - whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms - of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online - at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you - are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws - of the country where you are located before using this eBook. - </div> -</blockquote> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project -Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg™ License. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format -other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain -Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -provided that: -</div> - -<div style='margin-left:0.7em;'> - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation.” - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ - works. - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. - </div> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right -of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread -public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state -visit <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/donate/">www.gutenberg.org/donate</a>. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. -</div> - -</div> - -</body> -</html> diff --git a/old/66487-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/66487-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 8d55e29..0000000 --- a/old/66487-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null |
