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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #67031 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/67031)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Letter to the Parishioners of Fulham, by
-Robert George Baker
-
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-
-Title: A Letter to the Parishioners of Fulham
-
-
-Author: Robert George Baker
-
-
-
-Release Date: December 28, 2021 [eBook #67031]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-
-***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO THE PARISHIONERS OF
-FULHAM***
-
-
-Transcribed from the 1849 Lavis edition by David Price. Many thanks to
-the British Library for making their copy available.
-
-
-
-
-
- A LETTER
- TO THE
- PARISHIONERS OF FULHAM.
-
-
- * * * * *
-
- BY THE
- REV. R. G. BAKER, M.A.
- VICAR.
-
- * * * * *
-
- SOLD BY LAVIS, FULHAM; WILSON, WALHAM GREEN;
- BARKER, NORTH END
- 1849.
-
- _Price Fourpence_.
-
- * * * * *
-
- LONDON:
- R. CLAY, PRINTER, BREAD STREET HILL.
-
- * * * * *
-
-
-
-
-A LETTER
-TO THE
-PARISHIONERS OF FULHAM.
-
-
- FULHAM VICARAGE,
- 29_th_ _Oct._ 1849.
-
-MY DEAR PARISHIONERS,
-
-THE Cholera has visited Fulham the second time. When it prevailed in
-1832, it was always understood that two deaths only in this parish were
-to be traced to that fearful pestilence as their cause. But in the nine
-weeks closing on the 8th instant, not only had the mortality exceeded
-fourfold the average of the same period for the five preceding years, but
-in this unusual number of 127 deaths, no fewer than 56 were certified to
-the registrar, by the medical practitioners who attended the cases, as
-having arisen from cholera. In 35 instances, the previous illness did
-not exceed twenty-four hours; and in 18 of them, it was less than twelve
-hours.
-
-There is another striking circumstance which attended our recent
-visitation. Of the deaths registered within this short and fatal period,
-it is recorded that
-
- 11 occurred between 5 and 10 years.
- the ages of
- 9 ditto ditto 10 ,, 20 ,,
- 9 ditto ditto 20 ,, 30 ,,
- 12 ditto ditto 30 ,, 40 ,,
- 12 ditto ditto 40 ,, 50 ,,
- 5 ditto ditto 50 ,, 55 ,,
- 58
-
-Thus it appears that 58 of these deaths, a number not far removed from
-one moiety of the whole, occurred within those ages which are commonly
-considered the least susceptible of the influences which shorten life.
-The year was passed below which the highest range of infantine mortality
-prevails: for it is well known that in England at large, one quarter of
-the children born, and in some of the larger towns one half of them, die
-_before_ they attain their fifth year. Nor had the period of life
-arrived when the growing infirmities, or the confirmed chronic diseases
-of extreme old age bring so many to the grave. Fifty-eight of our
-fellow-parishioners were carried off in nine weeks, between five years
-old and fifty-five; and in some of the most distressing instances, those
-constitutions gave way the most rapidly which appeared the healthiest and
-the hardiest of the neighbourhood.
-
-But there is one more remarkable fact to be noticed in reviewing, as we
-are now mercifully permitted to do, the results of this dispensation,
-that in all the cases of cholera which ended fatally, the sufferers, with
-three only exceptions, belonged to the class of our poorest neighbours.
-They are recorded as either labourers, or the wives, widows, or children
-of labourers. They were, therefore, living in those parts of the parish
-where the dwellings are the most easily to be procured, which fall within
-reach of the means possessed by persons of this description. And I
-grieve to say that they are for the most part overcrowded with inmates,
-badly ventilated, badly drained, and commanding a very scanty supply of
-good water, whether adapted for drinking or for household purposes.
-
-It is not my object in this letter to dwell upon the painful reflections
-which are suggested by the fact of so many of our immediate neighbours
-having been summoned thus rapidly into eternity in the very midst of
-life; nor upon the profitable, and, indeed, most awakening lessons, of
-spiritual and eternal import, which their removal has left to be
-treasured up by us, who have been spared in mercy to survive them.
-
-Still less do I feel myself called upon to inquire how far the facts to
-which I have above referred, in showing the mortality of our own parish,
-are confirmed by the experience of others more or less similarly
-circumstanced, whether in respect to their level, their population, their
-sewerage, or their supply of water.
-
-It would seem to be a main practical advantage to be gained from the
-national judgment from which we are now recovering, if the inhabitants of
-each district, bound together by many common ties and responsibilities,
-would apply their minds diligently to consider by what preventable causes
-the calamitous results of it have been aggravated in their own immediate
-localities, and by what attainable measures it may be hoped to avert or
-to mitigate the recurrence of them, before another such dispensation
-shall arise. While the impressions are yet vivid and authentic of the
-trial through which we have passed, let us endeavour, as far as we can,
-in the faithful discharge of our duty towards God and our neighbour, to
-turn to account, at our own doors, the experience which it has left us.
-
-The truth is, that I am the more anxious to submit to you the proposal
-contained in the present letter, and to solicit your intelligent and
-impartial examination of it, because it is nothing more now than a sequel
-to those measures which were brought under your notice at our meeting on
-the 17th instant, and which you unanimously sanctioned.
-
-It was agreed by us on that occasion to address a memorial to the
-Metropolitan Commissioners of Sewers, calling their attention to the
-utterly defective state of the drainage of the parish, and requesting
-them to effect an uniform and complete provision for it in all the
-inhabited districts. This memorial has since been forwarded to the
-Commissioners, with 160 signatures affixed to it, representing a
-proportion of the property assessed to the parochial rates equal to
-15,000_l._ {7a}
-
-Another resolution, for promoting the immediate erection of public wells
-and pumps for the use of the poor, was also adopted at the meeting in
-question. A subscription of above 250_l._, since increased to 293_l._,
-was raised to defray the expenses of them; and there is every reason to
-believe, that through the exertions of the Committee who have undertaken
-to administer this fund, several of these wells will forthwith be
-completed in different parts of the parish, in situations most easily
-accessible to the larger populations of the poor, and the least likely to
-be affected by the cesspools and other collections of impurities, which
-in most instances make their present pumps perfectly useless. They will
-thus enjoy near their own doors a constant supply of that pure drinking
-water, which, it is well known, may easily be obtained within a few feet
-of the surface, in almost every locality of this neighbourhood; and of
-which the want has been most confidently declared, by the medical
-inspectors of the Board of Health, to have been one of the chief
-aggravations of our late unhealthiness. {7b}
-
-There were several persons, indeed, present on the 17th inst., who were
-prepared and even desirous to hear another proposition brought forward,
-connected with the domiciliary condition of the poor, and tending to
-correct an evil in their present dwellings, confessedly far more
-difficult to reach than either their defective sewerage, or their scanty
-provision of water. And it is one which not only affects most seriously
-their sanitary state, but impairs all the decency of their daily habits
-of life, and nearly defeats whatever means can be attempted for the
-improvement of their spiritual and moral character. I allude to the
-crowded manner in which they live together; the landlord of the house too
-often entirely regardless of any rule for restricting the number of its
-inmates; and his tenants sometimes deriving a large profit, beyond the
-amount of their own rent, from the numerous under-tenants whom they
-admit, without scruple or restraint, to share in the occupation of them.
-Thus it happens not unfrequently, that into a cottage with two small
-bed-rooms, built and adapted only for a single family, two or even three
-other families, besides individual lodgers, are admitted. And from that
-hour must the inmates of it be compelled to abandon all the happy
-arrangements of household cleanliness, decency, and order. Mr. Rouse, in
-his faithful and elaborate MS. Report on the sanitary condition of a
-large part of this parish, states, that he has known in the summer
-twenty-six persons living in such an house: and from fifteen to twenty is
-the frequent number of their inmates. But while it ought to be stated
-that the worst cases of this kind occur among the Irish labourers, they
-prevail to a greater or a less extent in all the following districts,
-viz.: Parson’s Green Lane, Peterborough Row, Sand End, Garden Row,
-Carpenter’s Row, Dawe’s Lane, Wheat-Sheaf Alley, Gain’s Buildings,
-Bedford Place, Stanley Place, the cottages near Normand House, Orchard
-Place, Buckler’s Alley, the Old Greyhound Cottages, Marsh Croft, Sun
-Street, Star Lane, and Willow Place.
-
-And it is a melancholy fact, that while in some other parts of Fulham a
-considerable number of small houses have been built within the last few
-years, of a more substantial and commodious style, in order to meet the
-increasing wants of this portion of the inhabitants, better drained,
-better ventilated, and in some more healthy localities, they are
-gradually lapsing into the same state. A very few of them once becoming
-occupied in this comfortless manner lower the credit of those contiguous
-to them. One tenant sets a bad example to the rest: and thus in the very
-districts where some hope had been encouraged for a time of better
-things, the same baneful system of crowding the houses with lodgers is
-spreading.
-
-The history of these masses of ill-regulated dwellings is, alas! uniform
-and instructive. Some speculating builder or other, oftentimes unknown
-in the neighbourhood, and having no sympathy with the miseries which he
-inflicts upon it, becomes possessed of a narrow slip of land, the mere
-frontage of a road or a footpath, and erects upon it a collection of low,
-slightly built cottages, with windows wholly unsuited to them, with no
-drainage but that of cesspools, confined in their dimensions, rarely
-emptied, and saturating with their noxious contents not only the adjacent
-soil, but even the walls of the houses close to which they are often
-placed; with no pumps for drinking-water but such as soon become tainted
-by the contiguity of these very cesspools; and with no provision of other
-water, but that which an occasional cart, drawn by a miserable donkey,
-brings dear-bought to the door. High rents, far beyond the means of the
-tenants, but sternly collected as each week comes round, can only be met
-by the vicious practice of subletting each room or fraction of a room
-which can by any sacrifice be dispensed with. Even the essential
-whitewashing of the walls within is sometimes imposed as a burden upon
-the occupier, who of course does it in the most careless way, instead of
-its being undertaken by the landlord. And whenever the work of
-dilapidation begins in one of these tenements, each successive tenant,
-flying from his hard bargain, leaves it of course more dismantled than he
-found it; until they become utterly unfit for the occupation of human
-beings, whether under the summer sun, striking upon their slight and
-exposed roofs, or the winter wind, penetrating the settlements of their
-walls and the cracks of their windows.
-
-This account may, I believe, be taken as an accurate description of the
-average character of these dwellings which are now provided, without the
-option or alternative of any others, for the large and rapidly increasing
-poor populations of the suburbs of London. Such, I am confident, is the
-character of those at Fulham. Let it be remembered that every
-improvement of the worst built streets of London has a direct tendency to
-swell the number of these inhabitants of its suburbs. And if it be true
-that they enjoy, some from the very nature of their occupations, and all
-from the position of their houses, a more free ventilation during the day
-than is attainable by the pent-up inhabitants of the narrow alleys and
-courts of the metropolis itself, yet is there not one among them who can
-have access to the improved dwellings, or to the baths and wash-houses,
-now in successful operation for the health and comfort even of the
-poorest classes, (though still upon a scale too limited to be extensively
-useful,) in the parishes of Whitechapel, St. Pancras, St. Martin, and
-Marylebone. Within the last ten days the boon of these last-named
-valuable institutions has been promised to the densely peopled district
-of Lambeth.
-
-There is one fact connected with the late epidemic to which I cannot
-forbear requesting your serious attention, and which, I have little
-doubt, would be abundantly confirmed, if requisite, by a reference to the
-experience of other places. Whenever the disorder affected the inmates
-of some of the less crowded and better regulated houses, its progress was
-comparatively slow; the symptoms were accessible to those medicines or
-palliatives, of which the gracious Providence of God has taught us the
-value; and by these means the last fatal issue was sometimes averted.
-But whenever it assailed even the healthiest inmate of one of those
-wretched abodes which I have described, the subtle poison took its course
-at once; no remedies availed to reach it, and the only symptom was Death.
-
-Does not this fact speak volumes as to what we ought to do in
-endeavouring to improve these dwellings of our poorer brethren, before
-the Cholera comes again to visit us?
-
-Of the extreme difficulty of the question, indeed, no one who has ever
-considered it can deem lightly. Nor is it likely that this difficulty
-will be effectually removed until the country has the wisdom to bear, and
-the legislature the firmness to enact some new statute that can reach it.
-Hitherto, unhappily, our legislation, with the best purpose, has only
-aggravated the evil which it sought to correct, and has thus been moving
-in the wrong direction. The Building Act made it penal for any person to
-lodge in a cellar, of which the height came below a certain standard, or
-its window within a certain width; and the only effect of this
-prohibition has been to drive the cellar lodgers into the attics, where
-they are stowed more closely than before. The claims of reason, and
-morality, and common decency have been urged in vain against this fearful
-state of things. But since it has been proved, by the history of such a
-season as that through which we have been lately carried, to involve the
-actual considerations of life and death, some power will surely, ere
-long, be called forth to correct it. If the cupidity of the proprietors
-of a steam-boat or an omnibus can be restrained, in order that the
-capacity of those vehicles may be defined, and that we may travel
-uncrowded in our journeys to and from the metropolis, has it not become
-at length necessary that some attempt should be made to regulate the
-stowage of a bed-room, and to rescue civilized and immortal beings from
-the ruinous consequences of their present mode of living?
-
-If ever such a measure is passed, it will afford a better scope than now
-exists for the operations of those useful schemes with which we have
-become familiar under the title of the “_Labourers’ Friend Societies_,”
-the “_Societies for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes_,”
-and the “_Associations for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious
-Classes_.” Whenever any considerable number of the inmates of the
-present houses of the poor are compelled to quit them, there will then be
-a demand created, and at length, it may be hoped, a taste formed for
-others more conducive to their health, and better adapted to their social
-improvement than those to which they are now doomed. {14}
-
-Meanwhile these Societies have solved one most important problem, which
-cannot too forcibly be urged upon us. They have shown, that without any
-appeals to the benevolence of the public, healthy and comfortable
-dwellings can be provided for the working classes of the community, upon
-reasonable rents, with a remuneration of higher interest for the
-investment than can be obtained in the Public Securities to those who may
-be induced to embark their money in such undertakings.
-
-My wish is to propose to you a plan for securing to the poor of our own
-parish the benefits of one of these institutions, and for gaining the
-sanction of our own Vestry to the first measure required for the adoption
-of it.
-
-It must be well known to many of those whom I am now addressing, and
-ought to be known to all, that in the year 1837, with the joint consent
-of the copyholders of the two parishes of Fulham and Hammersmith, nine
-acres of the waste land known by the name of Wormholt Scrubs, were taken
-by the Directors of the Great Western Railway Company, at 150_l._ per
-acre, for the prosecution of their works. The sum paid for this purchase
-was invested in 1487_l._ 12_s._ 1_d._, 3 per cent. consols, in the names
-of G. Carr Glyn, Esq., Mr. John Knight, and Mr. George Bird, the first of
-these gentlemen being selected to represent the interest of the
-Directors, and the other two those of the parishes which have a common
-interest in the land in question. The stock still remains in the names
-of the same individuals, and the dividends having been regularly invested
-as they accrued, although in a different account, the whole amount now
-exceeds 2,200_l._ There is a prevalent, and, I believe, a well-grounded
-opinion, that under the terms of the agreement made between the
-Copyholders and the Company, the period has expired, within which the
-latter had the option of giving land instead of money in exchange for the
-waste of which they had thus become possessed; and that consequently the
-whole amount of the stock thus described, the original investment, as
-well as the accumulated dividends, will fall, under the provisions of the
-Railway Act, in equal moieties, to the disposal of the Vestries of the
-two parishes.
-
-I am well aware that other schemes have been devised for the
-appropriation of this fund, which, I apprehend, the Vestry will in that
-case deem it their duty to devote to some object of permanent utility and
-benevolence. A disposition exists in favour of alms-houses, either the
-erection of new ones, or the better endowment of those already existing.
-But I may surely remind you, that within the last year the intention has
-been announced of a most munificent, though unknown benefactor, to found
-twelve new and amply-endowed alms-houses at Fulham, and thus to meet the
-additional demand, which, I admit, always exists in such districts for
-these valuable institutions. And I would submit to you, whether a wiser,
-or more seasonable mode can be found for applying the fund in question,
-than to devote it to the purchase of a piece of ground, centrally and
-conveniently accessible to our poor, in the several occupations which
-they follow, upon which either common dwelling-houses or separate
-cottages may be built, with airy and well-ventilated rooms, with moderate
-rents, to be collected weekly, and with an absolute exclusion of lodgers
-beyond the members of the family to which each house or apartment is
-separately let.
-
-The land, thus purchased, might be conveyed to trustees named by the
-Vestry, for the express purpose of building upon it such dwellings as I
-have described, upon an uniform and well-considered plan, and with an
-efficient agency to ensure an adherence to it. And if a suitable site
-could thus be attained for the object, there is reason to believe that
-persons might offer the capital requisite for the building, from the
-two-fold motive of the dividend which they would realize, and of the
-benefits which they would confer upon the poorer parishioners. An
-improved sewerage, whenever it can be effected upon a proper scale, would
-provide a better scheme of drains than that to which they are now
-accustomed in their ill-placed and inadequate cesspools. And since the
-proprietors of the West-Middlesex Water-works have already carried their
-supply into the northern and western extremities of the parish, the
-further demand that would be created for their water would induce them to
-bring it to the buildings in question; and would not only enable the
-proprietors of them to lay on soft water to every room at a very moderate
-expense, for the convenience of the immediate occupiers, but also for a
-supply to baths and wash-houses to be erected on a portion of the site,
-for the equal use of other districts of the parish, if any sufficient
-encouragement can be given to such a scheme. And such establishments, it
-has now been ascertained, can also be maintained upon the self-supporting
-principle, whenever an adequate quantity of water can be gained for their
-consumption, and a proper drainage for carrying it off.
-
-It only remains for me to suggest, that if you should shrink from the
-adoption of a scheme at once so extensive and so responsible, from the
-obvious difficulty of creating an agency in this parish adequate to the
-proper superintendence of it, we might, having secured a site for the
-buildings, confide the erection and management of them to the Association
-incorporated by Royal Charter in 1845, and known as “_The Metropolitan
-Association for improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes_.”
-The following sentence is quoted from its prospectus; and any person who
-may wish to make himself acquainted with its actual operations, has only
-to visit the houses erected by the Directors in the old Pancras-road,
-leading from King’s-Cross to Camden Town, or those now in progress near
-Spicer-street, Spitalfields.
-
- “The terms of the Charter do not restrict the operations of the
- Association to the metropolis; and the Directors have made
- arrangements for imparting the benefits, privileges, and immunities,
- granted by the Charter under this Association to Branch Societies, in
- districts wherein a sufficient number of shareholders shall be
- desirous of erecting improved dwellings for the industrious classes.
- The effect of these arrangements will be to ensure (as far as
- possible) the success of local undertakings, at the same time that
- those benevolent individuals who may be disposed to subscribe for the
- benefit of their respective neighbourhoods, will be made secure
- against all individual claim and liability whatsoever. Application
- has already been received from the parish of Hampstead to be admitted
- as an Incorporated Branch Association, and similar applications are
- expected from other quarters.”
-
-I am well aware, indeed, that objections are often raised to any scheme,
-either of public benefit or of private accommodation in this parish,
-which requires the command of ground, from the alleged difficulty of
-obtaining it; and no one can be ignorant how well founded these
-objections are, who has adverted to the tenures under which large
-portions of the land situate within the bounds of Fulham are held. But,
-on the other hand, we cannot forget within what a comparatively recent
-period sites have been purchased for different purposes, all requiring,
-like that for which I am here pleading, open space, free ventilation, and
-ready means of access. I need only enumerate the Roman Catholic church,
-schools, burial-ground, and residence for the priest; the new Union
-Workhouse; and the situation secured for the Alms-houses already referred
-to. The successive fulfilment of these schemes serves to show what may
-be effected by influence and perseverance. Nor can I allow myself to
-doubt, that, if it shall please God to excite among us a real feeling of
-interest and anxiety adequate to the object, we may, even before the
-present year has expired, see some plot of ground placed at the disposal
-of the Vestry, combining all the requisites which the project calls for.
-And surely, if we may rejoice in the reflection that an improved
-_Workhouse_, with all the watchful and humane administration which, we
-may hope, will characterise it, will provide for our orphan, or deserted,
-or disabled poor, deserted in their infancy, or disabled through the
-infirmities of old age; and that our various _Alms-houses_ will secure a
-comfortable maintenance to many respectable individuals who have known
-better days, and have been brought, without any fault of their own, to
-need the helping hand of others; we may value it as an equal, if not a
-paramount duty, to do at least what we can in improving the dwellings of
-some families among our hard-working and intelligent, and still
-independent poor; providing for their health, advancing their comforts,
-and rescuing their children from the demoralizing associations of their
-present homes. I cannot believe that the difficulties, which confessedly
-surround the question, are insuperable. Let us, at least, give our minds
-faithfully to the consideration of them.
-
- Believe me,
-
- My dear Parishioners,
- Your sincere friend and well-wisher,
-
- R. G. BAKER.
-
- * * * * *
-
-MEMORIAL _of the undersigned_ OWNERS _and_ OCCUPIERS _of_ LAND _or_
-HOUSES, _situate within the Parish of Fulham_, _and assessed to the
-Poor-rate in the amount annexed to each of their Signatures_.
-
- This Memorial sheweth,—
-
- That the Sewerage of the parish of Fulham, containing by
- admeasurement 1,648 acres, with a population, according to the census
- of 1841, of 9,319 persons, but since very considerably increased,
- with about 2,000 inhabited houses, and with a property assessed at
- 40,000_l._, is at this time in a most defective state;
-
- That some portions of the parish are liable to a Sewers rate, without
- deriving any benefit from the application thereof;
-
- That nearly the whole of the houses have no drainage whatever beyond
- that of cesspools, which in many of the districts occupied by the
- labouring classes, who are chiefly employed in the market gardens,
- are badly constructed, placed in situations closely contiguous to the
- dwellings, and wholly inadequate to provide for the large
- accumulation of dirt constantly formed and decomposing in such
- localities;
-
- That during the prevalence of the recent epidemic, the mortality for
- nine successive weeks, ending on the 8th instant, exceeded fourfold
- the average mortality of the same season during the five preceding
- years, nearly one-half of the deaths being certified to the
- Registrar, by the medical practitioners who attended the cases, as
- having arisen from cholera, in many instances of the most malignant
- character, and nearly all in those districts where the drainage is
- most neglected, and among the poorest classes of the inhabitants;
-
- And that, without insisting upon the personal privations and
- discomforts accruing at all times to the Parishioners at large, and
- especially to the poor, who are the worst provided with means to
- correct and palliate them, from such a state of things, the parish
- will be exposed, upon any recurrence of so fearful a visitation, to
- the same calamitous results, which the Memorialists believe might
- mainly be averted by an uniform and effectual Sewerage, extending
- throughout the inhabited portions thereof.
-
- The Memorialists, therefore, desire to represent to the Metropolitan
- Commissioners of Sewers their earnest desire that they will, as soon
- as may be compatible with the other demands upon them in the
- fulfilment of their arduous office, direct their special inquiries
- and care to the parish of Fulham, and provide it with a complete
- system of Sewers, adequate to the wants of its large and continually
- increasing population.
-
- * * * * *
-
-LIST OF SUBSCRIPTIONS _to the Fund for providing_ PUBLIC PUMPS, _for the
-use of the poor Inhabitants of Fulham_. (6th NOVEMBER, 1849.)
-
- _£_ _s._ _d._
-Baker, Rev. R. G. 10 0 0
-Bathurst, L. Esq. 5 0 0
-Batty, Rev. E. 1 10 0
-Bell, Wm. Esq. 5 5 0
-Beltz, S. Esq. 25 0 0
-Burgoyne, Lady 5 0 0
-Chasemore, Mr. W. 1 1 0
-Chasemore, Mr. H. 1 1 0
-Dawson, Mr. 1 1 0
-Flicker, Mr. 1 1 0
-Garratt, Rev. Wm. 3 0 0
-Green, Mr. James 1 0 0
-Gunter, J. Esq. 5 0 0
-King, Mr. W. 1 0 0
-Knight, Mr. J. 2 2 0
-Lindsay, Mr. J. W. 2 0 0
-Lock, Mr. P. 0 10 0
-London, the Lord Bishop of 50 0 0
-Maclean, Major 1 1 0
-Matyear, Mr. R. 2 2 0
-Moseley, Mr. A. 2 2 0
-Nelson, P. Esq. 5 0 0
-Osborn, Mr. H. 1 0 0
-Palmer, J. Horsley, Esq. 25 0 0
-Pearson, Rev. T. 2 2 0
-Pollock, Mr. J. H. 1 0 0
-Porter, the Misses 10 0 0
-Potter, Mr. W. 1 0 0
-Stanham, Mr. G. 1 1 0
-Sulivan, L. Esq. 25 0 0
-Sutherland, Dr. 5 0 0
-Walford, T. Esq. 10 0 0
- Anonymous, by ditto 25 0 0
-Walpole, C. Esq. 5 0 0
-Wild, Mr. J. 2 2 0
-Wilshin, Mr. 1 0 0
-Wilson, Mr. J. T. 0 10 6
-Wing, C. Esq. 2 0 0
-Wood, R. R. Esq. 25 0 0
-Wrangham, Mr. Serjeant 20 0 0
-Wright, Mr. J. 1 0 0
- £293 11 6
-
-_Any further Contributions to this Fund will be thankfully received by_
-J. HORSLEY PALMER, ESQ. _the Treasurer_; _by the Parochial Clergy_, _or
-by_ MR. HACKMAN, _the Vestry Clerk_.
-
- * * * * *
-
- * * * * *
-
- R. CLAY, PRINTER, BREAD STREET HILL.
-
-
-
-
-FOOTNOTES.
-
-
-{7a} See page 21.
-
-{7b} See page 23.
-
-{14} It is stated by Lord Ashley, in a Letter published by him on the
-16th instant, that not a single case of Cholera, and two only of
-Diarrhœa, which yielded speedily to medical treatment, occurred in all
-the establishments of the Labourers’ Friend Society in London. And this
-statement was confirmed by the experience of the Association for
-Improving the Dwellings of the Poor.
-
-
-
-
-***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO THE PARISHIONERS OF
-FULHAM***
-
-
-******* This file should be named 67031-0.txt or 67031-0.zip *******
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-
-The Project Gutenberg eBook, A Letter to the Parishioners of Fulham, by
-Robert George Baker
-
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
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-
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-Title: A Letter to the Parishioners of Fulham
-
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-Author: Robert George Baker
-
-
-
-Release Date: December 28, 2021 [eBook #67031]
-
-Language: English
-
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-
-
-***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO THE PARISHIONERS OF
-FULHAM***
-</pre>
-<p>Transcribed from the 1849 Lavis edition by David Price.&nbsp;
-Many thanks to the British Library for making their copy
-available.</p>
-<h1>A LETTER<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">TO THE</span><br />
-PARISHIONERS OF FULHAM.</h1>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BY
-THE</span><br />
-REV. R. G. BAKER, M.A.<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">VICAR.</span></p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">SOLD BY
-LAVIS, FULHAM; WILSON, WALHAM GREEN;</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">BARKER, NORTH END</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">1849.</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><i>Price Fourpence</i>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page2"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 2</span><span
-class="GutSmall">LONDON:</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">R. CLAY, PRINTER, BREAD STREET
-HILL.</span></p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<h2><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>A
-LETTER<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">TO THE</span><br />
-PARISHIONERS OF FULHAM.</h2>
-<p style="text-align: right"><span class="smcap">Fulham
-Vicarage</span>,<br />
-29<i>th</i> <i>Oct.</i> 1849.</p>
-<p><span class="smcap">My dear Parishioners</span>,</p>
-<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Cholera has visited Fulham the
-second time.&nbsp; When it prevailed in 1832, it was always
-understood that two deaths only in this parish were to be traced
-to that fearful pestilence as their cause.&nbsp; But in the nine
-weeks closing on the 8th instant, not only had the mortality
-exceeded fourfold the average of the same period for the five
-preceding years, but in this unusual number of 127 deaths, no
-fewer than 56 were certified to the registrar, by the medical
-practitioners who attended the cases, as having arisen from
-cholera.&nbsp; In 35 instances, the previous illness did not
-exceed twenty-four hours; and in 18 of them, it was less than
-twelve hours.</p>
-<p>There is another striking circumstance which attended our
-recent visitation.&nbsp; Of the deaths <a name="page4"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 4</span>registered within this short and fatal
-period, it is recorded that</p>
-<table>
-<tr>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">11</p>
-</td>
-<td colspan='2'><p>occurred between the ages of</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>and</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>years.</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">20</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">20</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">30</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">30</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">40</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">40</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">50</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">50</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">55</p>
-</td>
-<td><p>,,</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">58</p>
-</td>
-<td colspan='6'></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<p>Thus it appears that 58 of these deaths, a number not far
-removed from one moiety of the whole, occurred within those ages
-which are commonly considered the least susceptible of the
-influences which shorten life.&nbsp; The year was passed below
-which the highest range of infantine mortality prevails: for it
-is well known that in England at large, one quarter of the
-children born, and in some of the larger towns one half of them,
-die <i>before</i> they attain their fifth year.&nbsp; Nor had the
-period of life arrived when the growing infirmities, or the
-confirmed chronic diseases of extreme old age bring so many to
-the grave.&nbsp; Fifty-eight of our fellow-parishioners were
-carried off in nine weeks, between five years old and fifty-five;
-and in some of the most distressing instances, those
-constitutions gave way the most rapidly which appeared the
-healthiest and the hardiest of the neighbourhood.</p>
-<p>But there is one more remarkable fact to be noticed in
-reviewing, as we are now mercifully permitted to do, the results
-of this dispensation, that in all the <a name="page5"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 5</span>cases of cholera which ended fatally,
-the sufferers, with three only exceptions, belonged to the class
-of our poorest neighbours.&nbsp; They are recorded as either
-labourers, or the wives, widows, or children of labourers.&nbsp;
-They were, therefore, living in those parts of the parish where
-the dwellings are the most easily to be procured, which fall
-within reach of the means possessed by persons of this
-description.&nbsp; And I grieve to say that they are for the most
-part overcrowded with inmates, badly ventilated, badly drained,
-and commanding a very scanty supply of good water, whether
-adapted for drinking or for household purposes.</p>
-<p>It is not my object in this letter to dwell upon the painful
-reflections which are suggested by the fact of so many of our
-immediate neighbours having been summoned thus rapidly into
-eternity in the very midst of life; nor upon the profitable, and,
-indeed, most awakening lessons, of spiritual and eternal import,
-which their removal has left to be treasured up by us, who have
-been spared in mercy to survive them.</p>
-<p>Still less do I feel myself called upon to inquire how far the
-facts to which I have above referred, in showing the mortality of
-our own parish, are confirmed by the experience of others more or
-less similarly circumstanced, whether in respect to their level,
-their population, their sewerage, or their supply of water.</p>
-<p>It would seem to be a main practical advantage to be gained
-from the national judgment from which we <a
-name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 6</span>are now
-recovering, if the inhabitants of each district, bound together
-by many common ties and responsibilities, would apply their minds
-diligently to consider by what preventable causes the calamitous
-results of it have been aggravated in their own immediate
-localities, and by what attainable measures it may be hoped to
-avert or to mitigate the recurrence of them, before another such
-dispensation shall arise.&nbsp; While the impressions are yet
-vivid and authentic of the trial through which we have passed,
-let us endeavour, as far as we can, in the faithful discharge of
-our duty towards God and our neighbour, to turn to account, at
-our own doors, the experience which it has left us.</p>
-<p>The truth is, that I am the more anxious to submit to you the
-proposal contained in the present letter, and to solicit your
-intelligent and impartial examination of it, because it is
-nothing more now than a sequel to those measures which were
-brought under your notice at our meeting on the 17th instant, and
-which you unanimously sanctioned.</p>
-<p>It was agreed by us on that occasion to address a memorial to
-the Metropolitan Commissioners of Sewers, calling their attention
-to the utterly defective state of the drainage of the parish, and
-requesting them to effect an uniform and complete provision for
-it in all the inhabited districts.&nbsp; This memorial has since
-been forwarded to the Commissioners, with 160 signatures affixed
-to it, representing a proportion of <a name="page7"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 7</span>the property assessed to the parochial
-rates equal to 15,000<i>l.</i> <a name="citation7a"></a><a
-href="#footnote7a" class="citation">[7a]</a></p>
-<p>Another resolution, for promoting the immediate erection of
-public wells and pumps for the use of the poor, was also adopted
-at the meeting in question.&nbsp; A subscription of above
-250<i>l.</i>, since increased to 293<i>l.</i>, was raised to
-defray the expenses of them; and there is every reason to
-believe, that through the exertions of the Committee who have
-undertaken to administer this fund, several of these wells will
-forthwith be completed in different parts of the parish, in
-situations most easily accessible to the larger populations of
-the poor, and the least likely to be affected by the cesspools
-and other collections of impurities, which in most instances make
-their present pumps perfectly useless.&nbsp; They will thus enjoy
-near their own doors a constant supply of that pure drinking
-water, which, it is well known, may easily be obtained within a
-few feet of the surface, in almost every locality of this
-neighbourhood; and of which the want has been most confidently
-declared, by the medical inspectors of the Board of Health, to
-have been one of the chief aggravations of our late
-unhealthiness. <a name="citation7b"></a><a href="#footnote7b"
-class="citation">[7b]</a></p>
-<p>There were several persons, indeed, present on the 17th inst.,
-who were prepared and even desirous to hear another proposition
-brought forward, connected with the domiciliary condition of the
-poor, and tending <a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-8</span>to correct an evil in their present dwellings,
-confessedly far more difficult to reach than either their
-defective sewerage, or their scanty provision of water.&nbsp; And
-it is one which not only affects most seriously their sanitary
-state, but impairs all the decency of their daily habits of life,
-and nearly defeats whatever means can be attempted for the
-improvement of their spiritual and moral character.&nbsp; I
-allude to the crowded manner in which they live together; the
-landlord of the house too often entirely regardless of any rule
-for restricting the number of its inmates; and his tenants
-sometimes deriving a large profit, beyond the amount of their own
-rent, from the numerous under-tenants whom they admit, without
-scruple or restraint, to share in the occupation of them.&nbsp;
-Thus it happens not unfrequently, that into a cottage with two
-small bed-rooms, built and adapted only for a single family, two
-or even three other families, besides individual lodgers, are
-admitted.&nbsp; And from that hour must the inmates of it be
-compelled to abandon all the happy arrangements of household
-cleanliness, decency, and order.&nbsp; Mr. Rouse, in his faithful
-and elaborate MS. Report on the sanitary condition of a large
-part of this parish, states, that he has known in the summer
-twenty-six persons living in such an house: and from fifteen to
-twenty is the frequent number of their inmates.&nbsp; But while
-it ought to be stated that the worst cases of this kind occur
-among the Irish <a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-9</span>labourers, they prevail to a greater or a less extent in
-all the following districts, viz.: Parson&rsquo;s Green Lane,
-Peterborough Row, Sand End, Garden Row, Carpenter&rsquo;s Row,
-Dawe&rsquo;s Lane, Wheat-Sheaf Alley, Gain&rsquo;s Buildings,
-Bedford Place, Stanley Place, the cottages near Normand House,
-Orchard Place, Buckler&rsquo;s Alley, the Old Greyhound Cottages,
-Marsh Croft, Sun Street, Star Lane, and Willow Place.</p>
-<p>And it is a melancholy fact, that while in some other parts of
-Fulham a considerable number of small houses have been built
-within the last few years, of a more substantial and commodious
-style, in order to meet the increasing wants of this portion of
-the inhabitants, better drained, better ventilated, and in some
-more healthy localities, they are gradually lapsing into the same
-state.&nbsp; A very few of them once becoming occupied in this
-comfortless manner lower the credit of those contiguous to
-them.&nbsp; One tenant sets a bad example to the rest: and thus
-in the very districts where some hope had been encouraged for a
-time of better things, the same baneful system of crowding the
-houses with lodgers is spreading.</p>
-<p>The history of these masses of ill-regulated dwellings is,
-alas! uniform and instructive.&nbsp; Some speculating builder or
-other, oftentimes unknown in the neighbourhood, and having no
-sympathy with the miseries which he inflicts upon it, becomes
-possessed of a narrow slip of land, the mere frontage of a road
-or <a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>a
-footpath, and erects upon it a collection of low, slightly built
-cottages, with windows wholly unsuited to them, with no drainage
-but that of cesspools, confined in their dimensions, rarely
-emptied, and saturating with their noxious contents not only the
-adjacent soil, but even the walls of the houses close to which
-they are often placed; with no pumps for drinking-water but such
-as soon become tainted by the contiguity of these very cesspools;
-and with no provision of other water, but that which an
-occasional cart, drawn by a miserable donkey, brings dear-bought
-to the door.&nbsp; High rents, far beyond the means of the
-tenants, but sternly collected as each week comes round, can only
-be met by the vicious practice of subletting each room or
-fraction of a room which can by any sacrifice be dispensed
-with.&nbsp; Even the essential whitewashing of the walls within
-is sometimes imposed as a burden upon the occupier, who of course
-does it in the most careless way, instead of its being undertaken
-by the landlord.&nbsp; And whenever the work of dilapidation
-begins in one of these tenements, each successive tenant, flying
-from his hard bargain, leaves it of course more dismantled than
-he found it; until they become utterly unfit for the occupation
-of human beings, whether under the summer sun, striking upon
-their slight and exposed roofs, or the winter wind, penetrating
-the settlements of their walls and the cracks of their
-windows.</p>
-<p><a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 11</span>This
-account may, I believe, be taken as an accurate description of
-the average character of these dwellings which are now provided,
-without the option or alternative of any others, for the large
-and rapidly increasing poor populations of the suburbs of
-London.&nbsp; Such, I am confident, is the character of those at
-Fulham.&nbsp; Let it be remembered that every improvement of the
-worst built streets of London has a direct tendency to swell the
-number of these inhabitants of its suburbs.&nbsp; And if it be
-true that they enjoy, some from the very nature of their
-occupations, and all from the position of their houses, a more
-free ventilation during the day than is attainable by the pent-up
-inhabitants of the narrow alleys and courts of the metropolis
-itself, yet is there not one among them who can have access to
-the improved dwellings, or to the baths and wash-houses, now in
-successful operation for the health and comfort even of the
-poorest classes, (though still upon a scale too limited to be
-extensively useful,) in the parishes of Whitechapel, St. Pancras,
-St. Martin, and Marylebone.&nbsp; Within the last ten days the
-boon of these last-named valuable institutions has been promised
-to the densely peopled district of Lambeth.</p>
-<p>There is one fact connected with the late epidemic to which I
-cannot forbear requesting your serious attention, and which, I
-have little doubt, would be abundantly confirmed, if requisite,
-by a reference to <a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-12</span>the experience of other places.&nbsp; Whenever the
-disorder affected the inmates of some of the less crowded and
-better regulated houses, its progress was comparatively slow; the
-symptoms were accessible to those medicines or palliatives, of
-which the gracious Providence of God has taught us the value; and
-by these means the last fatal issue was sometimes averted.&nbsp;
-But whenever it assailed even the healthiest inmate of one of
-those wretched abodes which I have described, the subtle poison
-took its course at once; no remedies availed to reach it, and the
-only symptom was Death.</p>
-<p>Does not this fact speak volumes as to what we ought to do in
-endeavouring to improve these dwellings of our poorer brethren,
-before the Cholera comes again to visit us?</p>
-<p>Of the extreme difficulty of the question, indeed, no one who
-has ever considered it can deem lightly.&nbsp; Nor is it likely
-that this difficulty will be effectually removed until the
-country has the wisdom to bear, and the legislature the firmness
-to enact some new statute that can reach it.&nbsp; Hitherto,
-unhappily, our legislation, with the best purpose, has only
-aggravated the evil which it sought to correct, and has thus been
-moving in the wrong direction.&nbsp; The Building Act made it
-penal for any person to lodge in a cellar, of which the height
-came below a certain standard, or its window within a certain
-width; and the only effect of this <a name="page13"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 13</span>prohibition has been to drive the
-cellar lodgers into the attics, where they are stowed more
-closely than before.&nbsp; The claims of reason, and morality,
-and common decency have been urged in vain against this fearful
-state of things.&nbsp; But since it has been proved, by the
-history of such a season as that through which we have been
-lately carried, to involve the actual considerations of life and
-death, some power will surely, ere long, be called forth to
-correct it.&nbsp; If the cupidity of the proprietors of a
-steam-boat or an omnibus can be restrained, in order that the
-capacity of those vehicles may be defined, and that we may travel
-uncrowded in our journeys to and from the metropolis, has it not
-become at length necessary that some attempt should be made to
-regulate the stowage of a bed-room, and to rescue civilized and
-immortal beings from the ruinous consequences of their present
-mode of living?</p>
-<p>If ever such a measure is passed, it will afford a better
-scope than now exists for the operations of those useful schemes
-with which we have become familiar under the title of the
-&ldquo;<i>Labourers&rsquo; Friend Societies</i>,&rdquo; the
-&ldquo;<i>Societies for Improving the Condition of the Labouring
-Classes</i>,&rdquo; and the &ldquo;<i>Associations for Improving
-the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-Whenever any considerable number of the inmates of the present
-houses of the poor are compelled to quit them, there will then be
-a demand created, and at length, it may be hoped, a taste formed
-for others more conducive to their health, <a
-name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>and better
-adapted to their social improvement than those to which they are
-now doomed. <a name="citation14"></a><a href="#footnote14"
-class="citation">[14]</a></p>
-<p>Meanwhile these Societies have solved one most important
-problem, which cannot too forcibly be urged upon us.&nbsp; They
-have shown, that without any appeals to the benevolence of the
-public, healthy and comfortable dwellings can be provided for the
-working classes of the community, upon reasonable rents, with a
-remuneration of higher interest for the investment than can be
-obtained in the Public Securities to those who may be induced to
-embark their money in such undertakings.</p>
-<p>My wish is to propose to you a plan for securing to the poor
-of our own parish the benefits of one of these institutions, and
-for gaining the sanction of our own Vestry to the first measure
-required for the adoption of it.</p>
-<p>It must be well known to many of those whom I am now
-addressing, and ought to be known to all, that in the year 1837,
-with the joint consent of the copyholders of the two parishes of
-Fulham and Hammersmith, nine acres of the waste land known by the
-name of Wormholt <a name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-15</span>Scrubs, were taken by the Directors of the Great Western
-Railway Company, at 150<i>l.</i> per acre, for the prosecution of
-their works.&nbsp; The sum paid for this purchase was invested in
-1487<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i>, 3 per cent. consols, in the
-names of G. Carr Glyn, Esq., Mr. John Knight, and Mr. George
-Bird, the first of these gentlemen being selected to represent
-the interest of the Directors, and the other two those of the
-parishes which have a common interest in the land in
-question.&nbsp; The stock still remains in the names of the same
-individuals, and the dividends having been regularly invested as
-they accrued, although in a different account, the whole amount
-now exceeds 2,200<i>l.</i>&nbsp; There is a prevalent, and, I
-believe, a well-grounded opinion, that under the terms of the
-agreement made between the Copyholders and the Company, the
-period has expired, within which the latter had the option of
-giving land instead of money in exchange for the waste of which
-they had thus become possessed; and that consequently the whole
-amount of the stock thus described, the original investment, as
-well as the accumulated dividends, will fall, under the
-provisions of the Railway Act, in equal moieties, to the disposal
-of the Vestries of the two parishes.</p>
-<p>I am well aware that other schemes have been devised for the
-appropriation of this fund, which, I apprehend, the Vestry will
-in that case deem it their duty to devote to some object of
-permanent <a name="page16"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-16</span>utility and benevolence.&nbsp; A disposition exists in
-favour of alms-houses, either the erection of new ones, or the
-better endowment of those already existing.&nbsp; But I may
-surely remind you, that within the last year the intention has
-been announced of a most munificent, though unknown benefactor,
-to found twelve new and amply-endowed alms-houses at Fulham, and
-thus to meet the additional demand, which, I admit, always exists
-in such districts for these valuable institutions.&nbsp; And I
-would submit to you, whether a wiser, or more seasonable mode can
-be found for applying the fund in question, than to devote it to
-the purchase of a piece of ground, centrally and conveniently
-accessible to our poor, in the several occupations which they
-follow, upon which either common dwelling-houses or separate
-cottages may be built, with airy and well-ventilated rooms, with
-moderate rents, to be collected weekly, and with an absolute
-exclusion of lodgers beyond the members of the family to which
-each house or apartment is separately let.</p>
-<p>The land, thus purchased, might be conveyed to trustees named
-by the Vestry, for the express purpose of building upon it such
-dwellings as I have described, upon an uniform and
-well-considered plan, and with an efficient agency to ensure an
-adherence to it.&nbsp; And if a suitable site could thus be
-attained for the object, there is reason to believe that persons
-might offer the capital requisite for the building, from the
-two-fold <a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-17</span>motive of the dividend which they would realize, and of
-the benefits which they would confer upon the poorer
-parishioners.&nbsp; An improved sewerage, whenever it can be
-effected upon a proper scale, would provide a better scheme of
-drains than that to which they are now accustomed in their
-ill-placed and inadequate cesspools.&nbsp; And since the
-proprietors of the West-Middlesex Water-works have already
-carried their supply into the northern and western extremities of
-the parish, the further demand that would be created for their
-water would induce them to bring it to the buildings in question;
-and would not only enable the proprietors of them to lay on soft
-water to every room at a very moderate expense, for the
-convenience of the immediate occupiers, but also for a supply to
-baths and wash-houses to be erected on a portion of the site, for
-the equal use of other districts of the parish, if any sufficient
-encouragement can be given to such a scheme.&nbsp; And such
-establishments, it has now been ascertained, can also be
-maintained upon the self-supporting principle, whenever an
-adequate quantity of water can be gained for their consumption,
-and a proper drainage for carrying it off.</p>
-<p>It only remains for me to suggest, that if you should shrink
-from the adoption of a scheme at once so extensive and so
-responsible, from the obvious difficulty of creating an agency in
-this parish adequate to <a name="page18"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 18</span>the proper superintendence of it, we
-might, having secured a site for the buildings, confide the
-erection and management of them to the Association incorporated
-by Royal Charter in 1845, and known as &ldquo;<i>The Metropolitan
-Association for improving the Dwellings of the Industrious
-Classes</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; The following sentence is quoted from
-its prospectus; and any person who may wish to make himself
-acquainted with its actual operations, has only to visit the
-houses erected by the Directors in the old Pancras-road, leading
-from King&rsquo;s-Cross to Camden Town, or those now in progress
-near Spicer-street, Spitalfields.</p>
-<blockquote><p>&ldquo;The terms of the Charter do not restrict
-the operations of the Association to the metropolis; and the
-Directors have made arrangements for imparting the benefits,
-privileges, and immunities, granted by the Charter under this
-Association to Branch Societies, in districts wherein a
-sufficient number of shareholders shall be desirous of erecting
-improved dwellings for the industrious classes.&nbsp; The effect
-of these arrangements will be to ensure (as far as possible) the
-success of local undertakings, at the same time that those
-benevolent individuals who may be disposed to subscribe for the
-benefit of their respective neighbourhoods, will be made secure
-against all individual claim and liability whatsoever.&nbsp;
-Application has already been received from the parish of
-Hampstead to be admitted as an Incorporated Branch <a
-name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span>Association,
-and similar applications are expected from other
-quarters.&rdquo;</p>
-</blockquote>
-<p>I am well aware, indeed, that objections are often raised to
-any scheme, either of public benefit or of private accommodation
-in this parish, which requires the command of ground, from the
-alleged difficulty of obtaining it; and no one can be ignorant
-how well founded these objections are, who has adverted to the
-tenures under which large portions of the land situate within the
-bounds of Fulham are held.&nbsp; But, on the other hand, we
-cannot forget within what a comparatively recent period sites
-have been purchased for different purposes, all requiring, like
-that for which I am here pleading, open space, free ventilation,
-and ready means of access.&nbsp; I need only enumerate the Roman
-Catholic church, schools, burial-ground, and residence for the
-priest; the new Union Workhouse; and the situation secured for
-the Alms-houses already referred to.&nbsp; The successive
-fulfilment of these schemes serves to show what may be effected
-by influence and perseverance.&nbsp; Nor can I allow myself to
-doubt, that, if it shall please God to excite among us a real
-feeling of interest and anxiety adequate to the object, we may,
-even before the present year has expired, see some plot of ground
-placed at the disposal of the Vestry, combining all the
-requisites which the project calls for.&nbsp; And surely, if we
-may rejoice in the reflection that an improved <i>Workhouse</i>,
-with all the watchful and <a name="page20"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 20</span>humane administration which, we may
-hope, will characterise it, will provide for our orphan, or
-deserted, or disabled poor, deserted in their infancy, or
-disabled through the infirmities of old age; and that our various
-<i>Alms-houses</i> will secure a comfortable maintenance to many
-respectable individuals who have known better days, and have been
-brought, without any fault of their own, to need the helping hand
-of others; we may value it as an equal, if not a paramount duty,
-to do at least what we can in improving the dwellings of some
-families among our hard-working and intelligent, and still
-independent poor; providing for their health, advancing their
-comforts, and rescuing their children from the demoralizing
-associations of their present homes.&nbsp; I cannot believe that
-the difficulties, which confessedly surround the question, are
-insuperable.&nbsp; Let us, at least, give our minds faithfully to
-the consideration of them.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">Believe me,</p>
-<p style="text-align: right">My dear Parishioners,<br />
-Your sincere friend and well-wisher,</p>
-<p style="text-align: right">R. G. BAKER.</p>
-
-<div class="gapmediumline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p><a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 21</span><span
-class="smcap">Memorial</span> <i>of the undersigned</i> <span
-class="smcap">Owners</span> <i>and</i> <span
-class="smcap">Occupiers</span> <i>of</i> <span
-class="smcap">Land</span> <i>or</i> <span
-class="smcap">Houses</span>, <i>situate within the Parish of
-Fulham</i>, <i>and assessed to the Poor-rate in the amount
-annexed to each of their Signatures</i>.</p>
-<blockquote><p>This Memorial sheweth,&mdash;</p>
-<p>That the Sewerage of the parish of Fulham, containing by
-admeasurement 1,648 acres, with a population, according to the
-census of 1841, of 9,319 persons, but since very considerably
-increased, with about 2,000 inhabited houses, and with a property
-assessed at 40,000<i>l.</i>, is at this time in a most defective
-state;</p>
-<p>That some portions of the parish are liable to a Sewers rate,
-without deriving any benefit from the application thereof;</p>
-<p>That nearly the whole of the houses have no drainage whatever
-beyond that of cesspools, which in many of the districts occupied
-by the labouring classes, who are chiefly employed in the market
-gardens, are badly constructed, placed in situations closely
-contiguous to the dwellings, and wholly inadequate to provide for
-the large accumulation of dirt constantly formed and decomposing
-in such localities;</p>
-<p>That during the prevalence of the recent epidemic, the
-mortality for nine successive weeks, ending on the 8th instant,
-exceeded fourfold the average mortality of the same season during
-the five preceding years, nearly one-half of the deaths being
-certified to the Registrar, by the <a name="page22"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 22</span>medical practitioners who attended
-the cases, as having arisen from cholera, in many instances of
-the most malignant character, and nearly all in those districts
-where the drainage is most neglected, and among the poorest
-classes of the inhabitants;</p>
-<p>And that, without insisting upon the personal privations and
-discomforts accruing at all times to the Parishioners at large,
-and especially to the poor, who are the worst provided with means
-to correct and palliate them, from such a state of things, the
-parish will be exposed, upon any recurrence of so fearful a
-visitation, to the same calamitous results, which the
-Memorialists believe might mainly be averted by an uniform and
-effectual Sewerage, extending throughout the inhabited portions
-thereof.</p>
-<p>The Memorialists, therefore, desire to represent to the
-Metropolitan Commissioners of Sewers their earnest desire that
-they will, as soon as may be compatible with the other demands
-upon them in the fulfilment of their arduous office, direct their
-special inquiries and care to the parish of Fulham, and provide
-it with a complete system of Sewers, adequate to the wants of its
-large and continually increasing population.</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<div class="gapmediumline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p><a name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 23</span><span
-class="smcap">List of Subscriptions</span> <i>to the Fund for
-providing</i> <span class="smcap">Public Pumps</span>, <i>for the
-use of the poor Inhabitants of Fulham</i>.&nbsp; (6th <span
-class="smcap">November</span>, 1849.)</p>
-<table>
-<tr>
-<td></td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>&pound;</i></p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Baker, Rev. R. G.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Bathurst, L. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Batty, Rev. E.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Bell, Wm. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Beltz, S. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Burgoyne, Lady</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Chasemore, Mr. W.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Chasemore, Mr. H.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Dawson, Mr.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Flicker, Mr.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Garratt, Rev. Wm.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Green, Mr. James</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Gunter, J. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>King, Mr. W.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Knight, Mr. J.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Lindsay, Mr. J. W.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Lock, Mr. P.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>London, the Lord Bishop of</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">50</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Maclean, Major</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Matyear, Mr. R.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Moseley, Mr. A.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Nelson, P. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Osborn, Mr. H.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Palmer, J. Horsley, Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Pearson, Rev. T.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Pollock, Mr. J. H.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Porter, the Misses</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Potter, Mr. W.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Stanham, Mr. G.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Sulivan, L. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p><a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-24</span>Sutherland, Dr.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Walford, T. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Anonymous, by ditto</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Walpole, C. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Wild, Mr. J.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Wilshin, Mr.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Wilson, Mr. J. T.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Wing, C. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Wood, R. R. Esq.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Wrangham, Mr. Serjeant</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">20</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><p>Wright, Mr. J.</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td></td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;293</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">11</p>
-</td>
-<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<p><i>Any further Contributions to this Fund will be thankfully
-received by</i> J. <span class="smcap">Horsley Palmer</span>,
-<span class="smcap">Esq</span>. <i>the Treasurer</i>; <i>by the
-Parochial Clergy</i>, <i>or by</i> <span class="smcap">Mr.
-Hackman</span>, <i>the Vestry Clerk</i>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">R. CLAY,
-PRINTER, BREAD STREET HILL.</span></p>
-<h2>FOOTNOTES.</h2>
-<p><a name="footnote7a"></a><a href="#citation7a"
-class="footnote">[7a]</a>&nbsp; See page <span
-class="indexpageno"><a href="#page21">21</a></span>.</p>
-<p><a name="footnote7b"></a><a href="#citation7b"
-class="footnote">[7b]</a>&nbsp; See page <span
-class="indexpageno"><a href="#page23">23</a></span>.</p>
-<p><a name="footnote14"></a><a href="#citation14"
-class="footnote">[14]</a>&nbsp; It is stated by Lord Ashley, in a
-Letter published by him on the 16th instant, that not a single
-case of Cholera, and two only of Diarrh&oelig;a, which yielded
-speedily to medical treatment, occurred in all the establishments
-of the Labourers&rsquo; Friend Society in London.&nbsp; And this
-statement was confirmed by the experience of the Association for
-Improving the Dwellings of the Poor.</p>
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO THE PARISHIONERS OF
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