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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..564ef9d --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #68149 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68149) diff --git a/old/68149-0.txt b/old/68149-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2d5852f..0000000 --- a/old/68149-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1434 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The martyrdom of Nurse Cavell, by -William Thomson Hill - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The martyrdom of Nurse Cavell - The Life Story of the Victim of Germany's Most Barbarous Crime - -Author: William Thomson Hill - -Release Date: May 22, 2022 [eBook #68149] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Tim Lindell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive/American - Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MARTYRDOM OF NURSE -CAVELL *** - - - -[Illustration: - - _Frontispiece._ [_By the courtesy of the Illustrated London News._ - -NURSE CAVELL.] - - - - - _The Martyrdom of - Nurse Cavell._ - - [Illustration] - - _The Life Story of the Victim of - Germany’s Most Barbarous Crime._ - - _By William Thomson Hill._ - - [Illustration] - - _WITH ILLUSTRATIONS._ - - [Illustration] - - _LONDON: HUTCHINSON & CO._ - _PATERNOSTER ROW_ ᛭ 1915 - - - - -NURSE CAVELL’S - -LAST MESSAGE TO THE WORLD. - - -“But this I would say, standing as I do in view of God and eternity, -I realise that patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or -bitterness to anyone.” - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - - - =The latest portrait of Nurse Cavell.= (_From - Photo Copyright Farringdon Photo Company_) (_see cover_) - - =Nurse Cavell= (_Photo by courtesy of Illustrated - London News_) _Frontispiece_ - - =The Rev. Frederick Cavell, father of Nurse - Cavell.= (_Daily Mirror Photograph_) _facing page_ =16= - - =Mrs. Cavell, mother of Nurse Cavell.= (_Daily - Mirror Photograph_) ” =17= - - =Nurse Cavell when a child, with her mother - and elder sister.= (_Photo Copyright Farringdon - Photo Company_) ” =32= - - =The Rectory, Swardeston, where Nurse Cavell - was born.= (_Daily Mirror Photograph_) ” =33= - - =Nurse Cavell in her garden.= (_Daily Mirror - Photograph_) ” =48= - - =Nurse Cavell, from a photograph taken in - Brussels.= (_Photo Copyright Farringdon Photo - Company_) ” =49= - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -CHILDHOOD. - - -In the early seventies there were living at the country rectory of -Swardeston, near Norwich, a clergyman and his wife and little family. -There was a “New” and an “Old” Rectory. Both are still standing, much -as they were then, except that the trees are older, and the “New” -Rectory has long ago lost any signs of newness. It is one of the ways -of Old England to call some of its most ancient things New, as if it -could never learn to tolerate change kindly, even after centuries of -wont. - -There is a Newtimber Place in Sussex whose walls were built before the -Armada. There is a New Building in Peterborough Cathedral which was -completed before the Reformation. New Shoreham took the place of Old -Shoreham before Magna Charta was signed. - -The Rector, the Rev. Frederick Cavell, lived with his family at the -New Rectory. It is a pleasant sunny house with a large garden. Such -parsonages are common in all the unspoiled rural parts of England. A -little gate leads to the churchyard close by. - -In a great city no man would live willingly close by a cemetery. -In such a village as Swardeston the nearness of the graveyard is a -consecration. New graves appear among the old ones from time to time. -The oldest of these others have faded gently into the grass. Nobody -is left to tend them or to remember whose bones they cover. Yet the -history of many a family can be traced back for three centuries on the -lichen-covered stones. - -Some day, when the war is over, another grave may be dug in this quiet -spot. If the poor mutilated frame of Edith Cavell is ever permitted -to be brought back home, her countrymen will come here to look upon -the place where she lies. In this October of 1915 she sleeps in a land -ravaged by war, and those who killed her will not stoop even to the -tardy pity of giving back her body. - -But in those early seventies the village churchyard was not a place of -sadness to the Rectory children. They played hide-and-seek among the -sloping tombstones. The church and churchyard were, as they still are, -the centre of the village life. Gay doings, such as a wedding, took -place under the shadows of the elms and yews. - -The whole community assembled there on any day of special interest. -The churchyard was the Trafalgar Square of Swardeston. For it was -not remote from the houses, as many village churchyards are. Norfolk -labourers swung their heels on the wall in the long evenings of the -days before village institutes and reading rooms were invented. - -In these early seventies the village talk still harked back sometimes -to the War of the French and Prussians. Its politics dealt with such -names as “Dizzy” and Gladstone and Joseph Arch, the agricultural -reformer--and, what was more to the point, a Norfolk man. In later -years the village church saw the celebrations of Queen Victoria’s two -Jubilees and King Edward’s Coronation--“a Norfolk landlord, and a rare -good ’un,” as they liked to say in Swardeston. - - - - -CHAPTER II - -LIFE IN THE RECTORY. - - -Home life in the Rectory was tinged, as was that of most English -homes at the time, with Evangelical strictness. On Sunday all books, -needlework, and toys were put away. The day began with the learning -of collect or Catechism. As soon as the children were big enough they -attended services in the morning and afternoon. - -Evening services were not yet introduced in Swardeston. Light was not -cheap, and the way across the country fields to church was no adventure -for Sabbath clothes on dark winter nights. Thus the closing hours on -Sunday were home hours for Rectory and village. Let those who have no -memories of such times scoff if they think fit. A memory is better -than a jest. - -Edith Cavell’s father was Rector of this parish for more than fifty -years. He is dead now, but the villagers remember him well. His -portrait shows him with a mouth and chin of unusual firmness. His eyes -are kindly, but there is little sense of humour about them. It is -notably the face of an upright man. Surely capable of sternness, he -would be just to the point of inexorableness unless his face belies -him. A sense of duty is implicit in every line; and we have the best of -reasons for knowing that he transmitted this part of his character to -his daughter Edith. - -“The clever Miss Cavell” she was called in later years when she worked -at a London hospital; but a more dominant characteristic was a rigid -insistence upon what she deemed to be right. This was the constant -theme of the father’s sermons to his village flock. He would not -hesitate to reproach from the pulpit any member of the congregation, -whatever his station, whom he considered guilty of grave fault. - -The mother (who is now eighty years old, and lives very quietly at -Norwich) brought a gentler influence to bear upon the Rectory life. -There is a picture of her with two of her little girls. The mother -wears the wide flounces which to-day are among the earliest memories -of the “Men of Forty.” Flounces that were a protection and a promise. -Something for little hands to cling to when the legs were not yet -sure of their way. These flounces made a royal road from earth to the -children’s heaven. The grown-up world far out of reach was always -within call of a pull at the ample skirts. - -Mrs. Cavell was a happy mother, and her children were happy too. So -early as the days we are speaking of her eyes had something wistful in -them. It was almost as if some inner consciousness had told her then of -the distant, poignant future. - -So the family grew up in a contented, well-ordered home, with plenty -of outdoor games and sunshine, such as country children have. Long -afterwards, in the midst of London slums, Edith Cavell would talk of -the ripening blackberries far away in the Norfolk lanes, and of the -great jam-making times which followed. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -WORK IN LONDON. - - -Like Charlotte Brontë, another vicar’s daughter, Edith Cavell first -learned something of the wider world in a Brussels school. It was -commoner then than now--meaning by “now” before the war--for English -girls to be sent to Belgium to school. Charlotte Brontë’s Brussels -life has left us at least one imperishable book. Edith Cavell has left -no written memorials of those times; but if we would reconstruct her -life we may imagine some such background as that of “Villette”: the -strangeness of a foreign city, fascinating by its novelty yet repelling -by alien atmosphere. - -The lot of a school-girl is not too happy at the best among new -companions. When their language and ways are those of a foreign -country they can become a source of torture to a sensitive child. Some -of these school-girl irritations Edith Cavell had to bear; yet such -early annoyances evidently left little mark on her, for she returned -many years later to Brussels of her own free will, and conquered the -affections of the Belgians a second time. - -Edith Cavell’s early womanhood was spent in London--at the London -Hospital, the St. Pancras Infirmary, and the Shoreditch Infirmary in -Hoxton. Her training was obtained at the London Hospital, the great -institution in the Whitechapel Road which is now nursing many wounded -soldiers. The women who train in this hospital pass through a hard -school. All hospital nurses work hard, but the nurses who come from -“The London” think they know more of the strain of their calling than -any others. - -“The London” proposes to raise a memorial to Nurse Cavell. It is their -right and hers that this should be done. For “The London” gave her the -thorough training which enabled her to become the skilful teacher of -others, and to instruct the nurses who should succour with equal care -the wounded of all nations. - -At the end of her arduous training at the London Hospital in 1896, -Miss Cavell went to St. Pancras Infirmary as Night Superintendent. -She stayed there for a little more than three years. Then she became -Assistant Matron at the Shoreditch Infirmary in Hoxton. She left Hoxton -in 1906 to start the work in Brussels which ended only with her cruel -death. - -Including the training years at the London Hospital, Edith Cavell had -given twenty-two years to nursing the sick. She was twenty-one years -old when she began this work. She was forty-three when she met her -death. Thus she had given up the best years of a woman’s life without a -break, save for the occasional precious holidays, of which we shall say -a word presently. - -The work in London was one of unvarying routine in the most dismal -surroundings. Nothing but a real devotion to the task could have made -the monotony tolerable. - -The writer asked one of those who worked with her for part of this -time what was the reason that decided Edith Cavell to become a nurse. -“She felt it was her vocation,” was the simple answer; “isn’t that -enough?” The vocation, in these great London infirmaries, consisted -in preserving a cheerful face day in and day out; in ruling, with -kindness but also with firmness and an unfaltering tact, old men and -women, children from the poorest slums; in being constantly in contact -with pain and suffering and in the near presence of death. Those who -remember her work in London--and they are very many--speak of her -unselfishness and of a shy pride about the details of her labours. - -What she did for her patients she liked to be a secret between herself -and them. She would follow up the “cases” to their homes. The Matron -and her fellow-nurses guessed some of these acts of week-day holiness; -but Nurse Cavell never spoke of them. She went about doing good among -the neat beds of the wards and in the unlovely surroundings of the -neighbouring streets, doubtless thinking sometimes of the Norfolk -village where the sun was shining beyond the fog, yet never letting the -patients see that she had any thoughts except for them. - -But with this sympathy went a rare strength of mind. Her name “Clever -Miss Cavell” was not used in envy. It was a simple recognition of the -fact that she had what is called a capable brain. She always knew what -to do in a difficult situation. A fellow-nurse in trouble was always -advised to consult Miss Cavell. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -UPHILL WORK IN BRUSSELS. - - -Edith Cavell needed all her strength of character in her first years in -Brussels. When she went there nine years ago as Matron of a Surgical -and Medical Home, English nursing methods were not appreciated on the -Continent as they are now. Nursing was regarded as one of the functions -of the Church. Miss Cavell was a Protestant as well as a foreigner. She -was felt to be a rival of the nuns and sisters working under religious -vows. - -The authorities of the Catholic Church looked coldly upon an enterprise -which, from their point of view, had an aspect of irreligion and -freethinking. But it was not long before the Matron’s efficiency -and tact carried the day. A well-known priest trusted himself to -the English lady. His tribute to her devotion and skill brought -public opinion to her side. In 1909 she established a training home -for nurses. The authorities recognised and encouraged her; and -shortly before the outbreak of war she was provided with a modern and -well-equipped building. - -The first warning of the war came when she was spending a holiday at -home with her mother at Norwich. During these years in Brussels two -holidays a year had been spent in England. They were happy halting -places in a rough journey. What made them so pleasant to Edith Cavell -was that she could spend them with her mother. - -The love of the younger woman for the old was one of the most beautiful -aspects of her character. “People may look upon me as a lonely old -maid,” she said once to a friend; “but with a mother like mine to look -after, and, in addition, my work in the world which I love, I am such -a happy old maid that everyone would feel envious of me if they only -knew.” - -That was her secret--her love for her mother and her work. It was that -which enabled her to look upon the world as a beautiful garden, where -there was always something to do for sickly plants. The real flowers, -and the care of them which could only be given in English holidays, -were almost a passion to her from the earliest Rectory days. - -Her success as a nurse, both in Brussels and the slums of London, owed -three-parts of its efficacy to her overflowing sympathy. “It was her -gentle way,” said an old patient, “that did most to make me well again; -I felt she was a minister of God working for my good.” And there are -wounded British soldiers who have pressed the doctors to send them back -quickly to the firing line. “We will go back willingly,” they say, “to -avenge this great woman’s death.” - -[Illustration: - - [_Daily Mirror Photograph._ - -THE REV. FREDERICK CAVELL, FATHER OF NURSE CAVELL.] - -[Illustration: - - [_Daily Mirror Photograph._ - -MRS. CAVELL, MOTHER OF NURSE CAVELL.] - -Every holiday in England was spent with the aged mother, who looked -forward to these meetings as much as the daughter. Without warning, the -war broke into the last of these holidays in the full summer of 1914. -Edith Cavell made her mind up promptly. Her holiday was not yet over, -but she hurried back at once. “My duty is out there,” she said; “I -shall be wanted.” - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -THE COMING OF THE GERMANS. - - -We reach now the last year of Edith Cavell’s life, for which all the -others had been a preparation. When she arrived in Brussels, the -Germans were shelling Liége. The gallant little Belgium Army stood -drawn up across the path of the invaders. It was believed that the -French and British would soon arrive to drive the Germans back. The -Belgian Government was still in Brussels. Cheery Burgomaster Max kept -order with his Civic Guard. In the autumn of 1915 we are all wiser. - -Miss Cavell has herself described, in an article sent home to the -_Nursing Mirror_, how the bitter truth came home to Brussels:-- - - Brussels lay that evening [August 20th] breathless with anxiety. News - came that the Belgians, worn out and weary, were unable to hold back - the oncoming host who might be with us that night. Still we clung to - the hope that the English Army was between us and the unseen peril.... - - In the evening came the news that the enemy were at the gates. At - midnight bugles were blowing, summoning the Civic Guard to lay down - their arms and leave the city. Many people were up through the dark - hours, and all doors and windows were tightly shut. As we went to bed - our only consolation was that in God’s good time right and justice - must prevail. - -The sympathies of Nurse Cavell were all with the Belgians and their -Allies. How could it be otherwise? Yet, when the Germans came she spoke -with sympathy of the tired and footsore men in the enemy’s host:-- - - On August 21st [she wrote] many more troops came through; from our - road we could see the long procession, and when the halt was called at - midday and carts came up with supplies some were too weary to eat, and - slept on the pavement of the street. - - We were divided between pity for these poor fellows far from their - country and their people, suffering the weariness and fatigue of an - arduous campaign, and hate of a cruel and vindictive foe bringing - ruin and desolation on hundreds of happy homes and to a prosperous and - peaceful land. - - Some of the Belgians spoke to the invaders in German, and found they - were very vague as to their whereabouts, and imagined they were - already in Paris; they were surprised to be speaking to Belgians, and - could not understand what quarrel they had with them. - - I saw several of the men pick up little children and give them - chocolate or seat them on their horses, and some had tears in their - eyes at the recollection of the little ones at home. - - From that date till now we have been cut off from the world.... - -The German nurses training under Miss Cavell had already -left--conducted to the frontier by her to save them the anxiety of -being in an enemy capital. At this time the German soldiers were -ruthlessly slaughtering Belgian women and children. The new authorities -approved of her continuing her work: no longer, since the outbreak of -war, a training institution, but a Red Cross Hospital. It is admitted -even by her enemies that she threw herself ardently into her work -without respect of nationality. Wounded Belgians and Germans were -treated alike. Many German officers passed through her hands. - -There is now in hospital in England a wounded Belgian who knew Miss -Cavell in Brussels in those first days of the German occupation, and -who speaks of the universal affection in which she was held. - - - - -CHAPTER VI - -WEAVING THE NET. - - -The full story of the next few months of Edith Cavell’s life cannot -be told until after the war is over. Brussels, as she had written, -became cut off from the world. The hospitable old city became a nest -of spies. “Newspapers were first stopped, then suppressed, and are now -printed under German auspices. The few trains that run for passengers -are in German hands, and wherever you go you must have, and pay for, -a passport. No one speaks to his neighbour in the tram, for he may be -a spy. Besides, what news is there to tell, and who has the heart to -gossip, and what fashions are there to speak of, and who ever goes to -a concert or a theatre nowadays, and who would care to tell of their -all-absorbing anxiety as to how to make ends meet and spin out the last -of the savings, or to keep the little mouths at home filled, with the -stranger close by?” - -The frank, open nature of Edith Cavell was ill-fitted for such an -atmosphere of fear and deception. Everyone was “suspect,” as in the -days of the Paris Terror in 1793. It was enough, as then, to fall under -“suspicion of being suspect.” Edith Cavell was suspected, and cunning -men sought how they might weave a net of accusation around her. - -Nurse Cavell was an Englishwoman. That, was the beginning of her -offence. I am not here to say she did no wrong. The full significance -of her own brave admissions cannot yet be revealed. Her crime was the -crime of humanity. The beginning of her offence, to the suspicious -German mind, was that she was English and was popular. Everyone spoke -of her untiring kindness and unfailing courage. It was enough. She must -be dangerous, or all the world would not speak well of her. Nobody -spoke well of the German governors of Brussels. - -There is reason to believe that Miss Cavell came in contact, once at -least, with the terrible Baron Von Bissing, the Governor-General. He -formed a strong opinion of her capacity and dauntless courage. The same -head that contrived her secret trial and execution, directed, there -is little reason to doubt, the weaving of the web that ensnared her. -The cleverest spies in Von Bissing’s service were set to watch her. -They found out that she had given a greatcoat to a French soldier who -afterwards escaped across the Dutch frontier. On another occasion she -had given an exhausted Englishman a glass of water. Then the spies -said, what was likely enough, that she had given money to Belgians, and -that this had enabled them to escape. - -In every part of the world these would be simple acts of humanity--for -the suspicious Von Bissing they were crimes. “This must be stopped,” he -ordered. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -ARREST AND SILENCE. - - -Early in the evening of the 5th of August, a loud knock came to -the door of Nurse Cavell’s hospital in the Rue de la Culture. Five -heavily-footed German soldiers and a corporal stood outside with -a police officer. At that very moment the nurse was changing the -bandages of a wounded German. The soldiers broke open the door with the -butt-ends of their rifles, and rushed into the ward. - -At a sign from the police officer--one of the creatures Von Bissing had -set to watch the nurse’s movements--the corporal seized Miss Cavell -roughly. He tore out of her hand the lint with which she was about to -bind the wounded man, and began to drag her away. - -The Englishwoman, astonished but calm and dignified, asked for -an explanation. The answer was a cuff. Von Bissing had not given -instructions for any explanation. Nurse Cavell left her hospital for -the last time, and was marched through the dark streets to the military -prison of St. Gilles. - -Three weeks of silence followed. Miss Cavell’s friends in England knew -nothing of her arrest. It was only by the good offices of a chance -traveller from Belgium that the news reached the family near the end -of August. At the request of the British Foreign Office, Dr. Page, -American Ambassador in London, telegraphed for information to the -American Minister in Brussels, Mr. Brand Whitlock. - -The gaolers of Edith Cavell had used the interval well. It was decided, -even before her arrest, that she was to be executed. But, first of all, -seeing that the Louvain methods were grown obsolete, it was necessary -to concoct a “case” against her. The spies had not done their work well -enough. The greatcoat and the glass of water and the silver coins to -hunted men were not sufficient for a conviction. There was only one -method by which Edith Cavell could be convicted. That was from her own -mouth. - -In England when the meanest felon is arrested he is warned by the -officer who reads the charge to him, that he need not make any -statement unless he wishes, and that anything he says may be used in -evidence against him. In Brussels, under German rule, Edith Cavell’s -judges deliberately set themselves to extort admissions by which to -condemn her. - -They refused her an advocate. They prevented communication with any -soul who could give her counsel. They surrounded her arrest and -imprisonment with secrecy lest any warning of her danger should reach -her from outside. They contrived that she should be utterly alone. - -To their astonishment they found their business easy. Miss Cavell gave -them every help in her power. She had nothing to conceal, she said. -She told them every incident which had a bearing on the charge. She -supplied dates and details. Instead of the clumsy hearsay of the spies, -her accusers had facts given them to build up a lengthy dossier. And -when all was admitted it was nothing more than a series of acts of pity. - -Those who think of this confession as a woman’s weakness are in error. -Edith Cavell was no ignorant girl. She well knew what she did. She -would have been a better lawyer if she had refused to incriminate -herself. She would have been a less noble woman. What she said she said -to draw all the blame upon herself. Knowing well that death was the -punishment, she did not shrink. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -THE FALSE FRIEND. - - -As Von Bissing had arrested Edith Cavell in secret, so he sought to -judge her clandestinely. The trial took place before a court-martial on -October 7th and 8th, with that of thirty-four other prisoners. Before -this time Mr. Brand Whitlock, the American Minister, with his Secretary -of Legation, Mr. Hugh Gibson, and his legal adviser, M. de Leval, a -Belgian advocate, had stirred themselves actively on Miss Cavell’s -behalf. The story of how they were deliberately hoodwinked is one of -the most ugly features of the case. - -For ten days Baron Von der Lancken, the German Political Minister, sent -no reply to Mr. Whitlock’s appeal for information, and for authority -to start the defence. Mr. Whitlock repeated his request on September -10th, but it was not until two days after this date that Baron Von -der Lancken replied to the appeal. He set forth in this letter the -only official statement ever made by the German authorities as to Miss -Cavell’s “crime.” It is worth reading in his own words:-- - - _She has herself admitted that she concealed in her house French and - English soldiers, as well as Belgians of military age, all desirous of - proceeding to the front._ - - _She has also admitted having furnished these soldiers with the money - necessary for their journey to France, and having facilitated their - departure from Belgium by providing them with guides, who enabled them - to cross the Dutch frontier secretly._ - - _Miss Cavell’s defence is in the hands of the advocate Braun, who, I - may add, is already in touch with the competent German authorities. - In view of the fact that the Department of the Governor-General_, as - a matter of principle, _does not allow accused persons to have any - interviews whatever, I much regret my inability to procure for Mr. de - Leval permission to visit Miss Cavell as long as she is in solitary - confinement._ - -Mr. Braun was a lawyer at the Brussels Appeal Court. As soon as the -American Legation received the intimation that he had been appointed as -the lawyer, Mr. de Leval wrote, asking him to come to the Legation. Mr. -Braun came as requested “a few days later.” - -The time was now drawing close when the trial was to come on. Three -weeks had already been wasted since the American Embassy in London -first took the matter up, and nearly seven weeks had gone by since the -arrest. But when at last it appeared as though something was about -to be done, another excuse was produced. Mr. Braun’s news was that -although he had been asked to defend Miss Cavell by personal friends of -hers, he could not do so “owing to unforeseen circumstances.” - -Mr. Braun stated that he had seen another Belgian lawyer, Mr. Kirschen, -who had agreed to undertake the defence. Another delay, while Mr. de -Leval got into touch with Mr. Kirschen. At last there was to be an -opportunity to obtain some details of the accusation. What had Miss -Cavell admitted? asked the American counsel. What were the documents -upon which the charge was based? What estimate had the lawyer formed of -the prospects of an acquittal? - -To the astonishment of Mr. de Leval, the lawyer replied that under -German military rules he was not allowed to see his client before the -trial began. The prosecution had every opportunity of preparing its -case. The judges were fully informed of every circumstance that might -bias them against the prisoner. But the poor lonely woman in prison -could not even see her counsel in private, and all the documents were -withheld from his inspection. - -[Illustration: - - _Photo Copyright_] [_Farringdon Photo Company._ - -NURSE CAVELL WHEN A CHILD, WITH HER MOTHER AND ELDER SISTER.] - -[Illustration: - - [_Daily Mirror Photograph._ - -THE RECTORY, SWARDESTON, WHERE NURSE CAVELL WAS BORN.] - -In these circumstances Mr. de Leval decided that he would attend the -trial himself. Unfortunately, he did not persist in this decision. - -It is extremely doubtful, in view of what happened afterwards, if the -authorities would have permitted the presence of a neutral spectator -of the administration of German “justice.” What induced Mr. de Leval -to give way was the consideration of Miss Cavell’s interests. Mr. -Kirschen urged that the presence of an American at the trial would -prejudice the prisoner’s chances. The judges would feel they were under -supervision, and would be likely to be more severe in consequence. Mr. -Kirschen declared that there was not the least chance of a miscarriage -of justice, and promised to inform Mr. de Leval of every development of -the case. - -We may judge of the value of his advocacy from the fact that he -afterwards broke all these promises except one. He did tell Mr. de -Leval when the trial was coming on. He never made any report of the -progress of the trial, although it took two days. He never disclosed -what the sentence was. He never informed the only powerful friends -of his unhappy client that she was to be executed unless outside -intervention came. And when Mr. de Leval tried to find him he had -disappeared. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -TRIAL IN SECRET. - - -The conspirators had thus succeeded in drawing an impenetrable veil -across their wicked purposes. - -Practically the only accounts of the trial are those printed in the -German newspapers a fortnight after the execution. These tell us that -the court-martial was held in the Court of the Brussels Senate-House. -The judges are not named. The principal person accused (says the -_Hamburger Fremdenblatt_, which in the true German way assesses titles -higher than all personal characteristics) was Prince Reginald de Croy, -of Belignies, but he had not been found. The Princess Maria, his wife, -stood, however, in the dock with Edith Cavell beside her. - -Miss Cavell was in the nurse’s uniform in which she had been arrested. -The white cap covering the back of the head and disclosing the neat -dark waved hair beginning to go grey at the sides, was tied beneath the -chin with a starched bow. The stiff collar surmounted the white apron. -On the nurse’s arm was the red cross of her merciful calling. Her clear -eyes looked out on a group of enemies. Overfed officers, with thick -necks and coarse eyes, faced her from the judge’s bench. Soldiers with -fixed bayonets stood between the prisoners. - -Although she knew her danger, Nurse Cavell did not flinch before her -accusers. There was nothing defiant in her look. It was too serene -for anger. But the judges must have noted the weakness of the woman -they were condemning. She was fragile almost to delicacy. Two months -of prison had made her complexion ashy white. She looked about the -court with curiosity, and even in this supreme hour had time for a -compassionate smile for those who were sharing her peril. - -The German papers give us an outline of the prosecution “case.” They -allege that Miss Cavell and Prince Reginald de Croy were the two -principals in a widespread espionage organisation. Aided by the French -Countess of Belleville, they had assisted young Belgian, French, and -British soldiers to escape from Belgium. The refugees were taken by -different routes to Brussels, hidden in Miss Cavell’s hospital or in a -convent, and conducted by night in tramcars out of Brussels, and then -by guides to loosely guarded points along the Dutch frontier. - -When this statement was ended, Miss Cavell was asked to plead. In a -low, gentle voice, contrasting with the harsh accents of her accusers, -she replied that she believed she had served her country, and if that -was wrong she was willing to take the blame. The lips of some of her -fellow-prisoners quivered as they heard these brave words. - -Fearlessly, and in quiet, firm tones, Miss Cavell went on to disclose -facts which provided chapter and verse for her “crime.” The questions -were put in German, then translated by an interpreter into French, -which Miss Cavell of course knew well. “She spoke without trembling -and showed a clear mind,” an eye-witness afterwards told Mr. de Leval. -“Often she added some greater precision to her previous depositions.” - -The Military Prosecutor asked her why she had helped these soldiers to -go to England. “If I had not done so they would have been shot,” she -answered. “I thought I was only doing my duty in saving their lives.” - -“That may be very true as regards English soldiers,” responded the -prosecutor, “Why did you help young Belgians to cross the frontier when -they would have been perfectly safe in staying here?” - -The answer to this question is not recorded. “In helping Belgians I -help my own country” must have been the thought that rose to her lips. - -Other prisoners were asked what they had to say, and among them, M. -Philippe Bancq, a Belgian architect, made a memorable plea, fit to put -beside Nurse Cavell’s. “I helped young Belgians to escape to join the -army,” he said. “As a good Belgian patriot I am ready to lay down my -life for my country.” Bancq has since been shot. - -The prosecution asked for the death sentence to be passed upon Miss -Cavell and eight other prisoners. But “the Judges did not seem to -agree.” Nurse Cavell’s heroism appeared to have made some impression on -her enemy’s hearts. - -Sentence was postponed. It seemed as though mercy might prevail. - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -FIGHTING FOR LIFE. - - -Between the trial and the sentence some sinister influence intervened. -It is a secret of the Germans what that influence was. But we cannot -follow the incidents of the last day of Edith Cavell’s life without -becoming aware that a design had been conceived in some brain to hurry -on the last penalty before there was time for a reprieve. - -Mr. de Leval had heard privately on the evening before (Sunday, October -10th) that the trial was over, and that the death sentence had been -demanded. The trial had ended on Friday, but Mr. Kirschen, the lawyer, -did not report to Mr. de Leval as he had promised. Neither on Saturday -nor Sunday could Mr. Kirschen be found, and he disappears altogether -from view after the trial. After fruitless inquiries on Sunday night, -Mr. de Leval went to see Baron de Lancken, the German Political -Minister. Late at night he succeeded in finding a subordinate, Mr. -Conrad, but could obtain no information. - -On the Monday morning Mr. de Leval again saw Conrad, who assured him -that judgment would not be passed for a day or two, and that the -American Legation would be informed as soon as this took place. No word -came from Conrad all day, and none from Kirschen. The lawyer was “out -till afternoon” Mr. de Leval was told when he called at the house. - -On this crucial day Mr. Brand Whitlock, the American Minister, was -ill in bed. But he was working hard to save Miss Cavell’s life. With -Mr. Hugh Gibson, Secretary of the Embassy, he prepared a letter to -Baron Von der Lancken pointing out that Miss Cavell had spent her life -in alleviating the sufferings of others, had bestowed her care as -freely on the German soldiers as on others. “Her career as a servant -of humanity,” he wrote, “is such as to inspire every pity, to call for -every pardon.” And with his own hand the Minister wrote this touching -appeal:-- - - _My dear Baron,--I am too ill to present my request to you in person, - but I appeal to your generosity of heart to support it and save this - unfortunate woman from death. Have pity on her!_ - -Throughout the day the Legation made repeated inquiries of the German -authorities to know if sentence had been passed. The last was at twenty -minutes past six. Mr. Conrad then stated that sentence had not been -pronounced, and renewed his promise to let the Legation know as soon as -there was anything to tell. - -At five o’clock that same afternoon the death sentence had been passed -in secret. The execution was fixed for the same night. - -Three hours later the American Legation learned privately of the -deception. Mr. Gibson found the Spanish Ambassador, the Marquis de -Villalobar, and went with him to Baron Von der Lancken’s house. The -Baron was “out” as the advocate had been in the morning. Neither was -any member of his staff at home. An urgent message was sent after the -Baron. He returned with two of his staff at a little after ten. The -execution was to take place at two next morning. - -Lancken at first refused to believe that the death sentence had been -passed. Even if it had the execution would not be that night, and -“nothing could be done until next morning.” But the two diplomatists -refused to be put off. They compelled the Baron to make inquiries, and -when he was obliged reluctantly to admit the truth, they urged him to -appeal to the Military Governor, Von Bissing. - -At eleven o’clock Von der Lancken came back from seeing Von Bissing. -He brought a refusal. The Governor-General had acted “after mature -deliberation” and refused to listen to any plea of clemency. For an -hour longer the two devoted Ministers pleaded for the woman’s life. -It was in vain. There was no appeal. “Even the Emperor could not -intervene.” Edith Cavell was doomed. At midnight her friends departed -in despair. - - - - -CHAPTER XI - -THE LAST SCENE. - - -The most beautiful moments in Edith Cavell’s life were those which -preceded her martyrdom. At eleven o’clock the British chaplain in -Brussels, the Rev. H. S. T. Gahan, was admitted to the cell in which -she had spent the past ten weeks. - -He found her calm and resigned. She told him that she wished all her -friends to know that she gave her life willingly for her country. And -then she used these imperishable words:-- - - _I have no fear nor shrinking. I have seen death so often that it is - not strange or fearful to me._ - - _I thank God for this ten weeks’ quiet before the end. Life has always - been hurried and full of difficulty. This time of rest has been a - great mercy._ - - _They have all been very kind to me here. But this I would say, - standing as I do in view of God and eternity, I realise that - patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness to - anyone._ - -After this the chaplain administered the Holy Communion. The clergyman -repeated the words of “Abide with me.” She joined in at the words: - - Hold Thou Thy cross before my closing eyes; - Shine through the gloom, and point me to the skies; - Heaven’s morning breaks, and earth’s vain shadows flee. - In life, in death, O Lord, abide with me. - -At two o’clock in the morning they led her out with bandaged eyes -to the place of execution. The firing party stood ready with loaded -rifles. At this last moment her physical strength was not a match for -her heroic spirit. She fell in a swoon. The officer in charge of the -soldiers stepped forward and shot her as she lay unconscious. - -Before the day dawned her body was laid to rest in the land occupied by -her enemies, whom with her last breath she forgave. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -EDITH CAVELL’S MESSAGE. - - -The circumstances of Edith Cavell’s death became known in England on -Trafalgar Day. The news reached the public through the newspapers the -following morning. No one who was in London that day will ever forget -the sense of horror that ran through the land. From early morning a -dense crowd of people thronged round the only tangible symbol of her -martyrdom, a wreath of laurels placed among those of the sailors who -died for England. The armless Nelson looked down from his column upon -the memorial of a weak woman who had borne witness to his immortal -message. The seaman and officers who had died in the long-drawn-out -Trafalgar, welcomed her, as it seemed, to their company. And in the -mist and rain of a London October day the true spirit of England leaped -again to life. - -“This will settle the matter, once for all, about recruiting in Great -Britain,” said the Bishop of London. “There will be no need now of -compulsion.” All day men competed in their eagerness to join the Army. -Continual recruiting meetings were held round the base of Nelson’s -monument. In Nurse Cavell’s native village every eligible man joined -the Forces next day. A tide of enthusiasm set in which has not yet -waned. - -[Illustration: - - [_Daily Mirror Photograph._ - -NURSE CAVELL IN HER GARDEN.] - -[Illustration: - - _Photo Copyright_] [_Farringdon Photo Company._ - -NURSE CAVELL, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN BRUSSELS.] - -Consternation and horror expressed themselves in every part of the -world. The _Staats Zeitung_, the Germans’ newspaper in New York which -defended the sinking of the “Lusitania,” disowned the crime. “This -is savagery,” said neutral Holland. “The killing of Miss Cavell will -be more expensive than the loss of many regiments,” said a great -American journal. “The peace of the future would be incomplete and -precarious,” wrote the Paris _Figaro_, “if crimes like these escaped -the justice of peoples.” The King and Parliament gave voice to -England’s sentiment. - -Yet the Germans were so little conscious of what they had done that -they made the deed blacker by excuses. “We hope it will serve as -a warning to the Belgians,” wrote the Berlin official paper, the -_Vossische Zeitung_. “I know of no law in the world which makes -distinction between the sexes,” said Herr Zimmermann, the Kaiser’s -Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs. And they filled the cup of their -infamy by refusing to surrender Nurse Cavell’s body to her friends. - -It is fitting that there should be some personal memorial to this -heroic life. One such, by the thoughtful initiative of Queen Alexandra, -is to be provided in the shape of an Edith Cavell Nursing Home at the -London Hospital where Miss Cavell was trained. The _Nursing Mirror_, -for which she wrote her last article, urges the institution of a -Cavell Cross for Heroism, a decoration for women only. - -An Empire Day of Homage has been proposed. A great national memorial -service has been held in St. Paul’s Cathedral. - -But the best memorial to Edith Cavell will be the determination of her -fellow-citizens to put aside self in willing service to their country. - - - - -APPENDIX. - -SIR EDWARD GREY’S SCATHING COMMENT. - - - Sir EDWARD GREY to the AMERICAN AMBASSADOR in London. - - Foreign Office, October 20th, 1915. - -The Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his compliments to -the United States Ambassador, and has the honour to acknowledge the -receipt of His Excellency’s note of the 18th instant enclosing a copy -of a despatch from the United States Minister at Brussels respecting -the execution of Miss Edith Cavell at that place. - -Sir E. Grey is confident that the news of the execution of this noble -Englishwoman will be received with horror and disgust not only in the -Allied States, but throughout the civilised world. - -Miss Cavell was not even charged with espionage, and the fact that she -had nursed numbers of wounded German soldiers might have been regarded -as a complete reason in itself for treating her with leniency. - -The attitude of the German authorities is, if possible, rendered worse -by the discreditable efforts successfully made by the officials of -the German Civil Administration at Brussels to conceal the fact that -sentence had been passed and would be carried out immediately. These -efforts were no doubt prompted by the determination to carry out the -sentence before an appeal from the finding of the court-martial could -be made to a higher authority, and show in the clearest manner that the -German authorities concerned were well aware that the carrying out of -the sentence was not warranted by any consideration. - -Further comment on their proceedings would be superfluous. - -In conclusion, Sir E. Grey would request Mr. Page to express to Mr. -Whitlock and the staff of the United States Legation at Brussels the -grateful thanks of His Majesty’s Government for their untiring efforts -on Miss Cavell’s behalf. He is fully satisfied that no stone was left -unturned to secure for Miss Cavell a fair trial, and when sentence had -been pronounced a mitigation thereof. - -Sir E. Grey realises that Mr. Whitlock was placed in a very -embarrassing position by the failure of the German authorities to -inform him that the sentence had been passed and would be carried out -at once. In order, therefore, to forestall any unjust criticism which -might be made in this country he is publishing Mr. Whitlock’s despatch -to Mr. Page without delay. - - - - -THE GERMAN OFFICIAL DEFENCE. - - -Statement by Herr ZIMMERMANN, German Under-Secretary of State for -Foreign Affairs. - -It is indeed hard that a woman has to be executed, but think what a -State is to come to which is at war if it allows to pass unnoticed -a crime against the safety of its armies because it is committed by -women. No law book in the world, least of all those dealing with war -regulations, makes such a differentiation, and the female sex has -but one preference according to legal usage, namely, that women in a -delicate condition may not be executed. Otherwise a man and woman are -equal before the law, and only the degree of guilt makes a difference -in the sentence for a crime and its consequences. - -In the Cavell case all the circumstances are so clear and convincing -that no court-martial in the world could have reached any other -decision. For it concerns not the act of one single person, but rather -a well-thought-out, world-wide conspiracy, which succeeded for nine -months in rendering the most valuable service to the enemy, to the -disadvantage of our army. - - -SEVERITY THE ONLY WAY. - -Countless British, Belgian and French soldiers are now again fighting -in the Allies’ ranks who owe their escape from Belgium to the activity -of the band now sentenced, at the head of which stood Miss Cavell. - -With such a situation under the very eyes of the authorities only the -utmost severity can bring relief, and a Government violates the most -elementary duty towards its army that does not adopt the strictest -measures. These duties in war are greater than any other. - -All those convicted were fully cognisant of the significance of their -actions. The court went into just this point with particular care, and -acquitted several co-defendants because it believed a doubt existed -regarding their knowledge of the penalties for their actions. - -I admit, certainly, that the motive of those convicted was not unnoble, -that they acted out of patriotism; but in war time one must be ready to -seal one’s love of Fatherland with one’s blood. - - -TO FRIGHTEN THE OTHERS. - -Once for all, the activity of our enemies has been stopped, and the -sentence has been carried out to frighten those who might presume on -their sex to take part in enterprises punishable with death. Should -one recognise these presumptions it would open the door for the evil -activities of women, who often are handier and cleverer in these things -than the craftiest spy. - -If the others are shown mercy it will be at the cost of our army, for -it is to be feared that new attempts will be made to injure us if it is -believed that escape without punishment is possible or with the risk of -only a light sentence. - -Only pity for the guilty can lead to a commutation. It will not be an -admission that the executed sentence was too severe, for this, harsh as -it may sound, was absolutely just, and could not appear otherwise to an -independent judge. - -It is asserted that the soldiers told off to carry out the execution -refused at first to shoot, and finally fired so faultily that an -officer had to kill the accused with his revolver. - -No word of this is true. I have an official report of the execution, in -which it is established that it took place entirely in accordance with -the established regulations, and that death occurred immediately after -the first volley, as the physician present attests. - - - W., L. & Co., Printers, Clifton House, Worship St., E.C. - Telephone No. 3121 London Wall. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MARTYRDOM OF NURSE -CAVELL *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The martyrdom of Nurse Cavell</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em;'>The Life Story of the Victim of Germany's Most Barbarous Crime</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: William Thomson Hill</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: May 22, 2022 [eBook #68149]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Tim Lindell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MARTYRDOM OF NURSE CAVELL ***</div> - -<p class="center p2 hidden"><span class="figcenter" id="cover"> - <img src="images/cover.jpg" class="w50" alt="The latest portrait of Nurse Cavell." /> -</span></p> - -<p class="center p2"><span class="figcenter" id="img001"> - <img src="images/001.jpg" class="w50" alt="NURSE CAVELL." /> -</span></p> -<p class="center caption"><i>Frontispiece.</i><br /><i>By the courtesy of the Illustrated London News.</i> -<br /><br />NURSE CAVELL.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - - -<h1> -<i>The Martyrdom of</i><br /> -<i>Nurse Cavell.</i><span class="figcenter" id="img001a"> - <img src="images/002.jpg" class="w5" alt="Decorative image." /></span><span class="figcenter" id="img001b"> - <img src="images/002.jpg" class="w5" alt="Decorative image." /></span></h1> - -<p class="center big"> -<i>The Life Story of the Victim of</i><br /> -<i>Germany’s Most Barbarous Crime.</i><br /> -<br /> -<i>By William Thomson Hill.</i></p> -<hr class="r50" /> -<p class="center p4"><span class="figcenter" id="img009a"> - <img src="images/009a.jpg" class="w5" alt="Decorative image" /> -</span></p> -<p class="center"><i>WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.</i></p> -<p class="center"><span class="figcenter" id="img009b"> - <img src="images/009b.jpg" class="w5" alt="Decorative image" /> -</span></p> -<p class="center big p4"><i>LONDON: HUTCHINSON & CO.</i><br /> -<i>PATERNOSTER ROW</i>    ᛭    1915<br /> -</p> - -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="NURSE_CAVELLS">NURSE CAVELL’S<br /><span class="small">LAST MESSAGE TO THE WORLD.</span></h2> -</div> - - - -<p>“But this I would say, standing as I do in view of God and eternity, -I realise that patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or -bitterness to anyone.”</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS">LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> -</div> -<hr class="r5" /> - -<table class="autotable"> -<tr><td> -<b><a href="#cover">The latest portrait of Nurse Cavell.</a></b> (<i>From Photo Copyright Farringdon Photo Company</i>)</td><td class="tdr page"> -(<i><a href="#cover">see cover</a></i>)</td> -</tr> -<tr><td><b><a href="#img001">Nurse Cavell</a></b> (<i>Photo by courtesy of Illustrated London News</i>)</td><td class="tdr page"><i><a href="#img001">Frontispiece</a></i></td></tr> - -<tr><td><b><a href="#img003">The <abbr title="reverend">Rev.</abbr> Frederick Cavell, father of Nurse Cavell.</a></b> (<i>Daily Mirror Photograph</i>)</td><td class="tdr page"><i>facing page</i> <b><a href="#Page_16">16</a></b></td></tr> - -<tr><td><b><a href="#img004">Mrs. Cavell, mother of Nurse Cavell.</a></b> (<i>Daily Mirror Photograph</i>)</td><td class="tdr page">”      <b><a href="#Page_17">17</a></b></td></tr> - -<tr><td><b><a href="#img005">Nurse Cavell when a child, with her mother and elder sister.</a></b> (<i>Photo Copyright Farringdon Photo Company</i>)</td><td class="tdr page">”      <b><a href="#Page_32">32</a></b></td></tr> - -<tr><td><b><a href="#img006">The Rectory, Swardeston, where Nurse Cavell was born.</a></b> (<i>Daily Mirror Photograph</i>)</td><td class="tdr page">”      <b><a href="#Page_33">33</a></b></td></tr> - -<tr><td><b><a href="#img007">Nurse Cavell in her garden.</a></b> (<i>Daily Mirror Photograph</i>)</td><td class="tdr page"> ”      <b><a href="#Page_48">48</a></b></td></tr> - -<tr><td><b><a href="#img008">Nurse Cavell, from a photograph taken in Brussels.</a></b> (<i>Photo Copyright Farringdon Photo Company</i>)</td><td class="tdr page">”      <b><a href="#Page_49">49</a></b></td></tr> -</table> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.</h2> -</div> -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">CHILDHOOD.</p> - - -<p>In the early seventies there were living at the country rectory of -Swardeston, near Norwich, a clergyman and his wife and little family. -There was a “New” and an “Old” Rectory. Both are still standing, much -as they were then, except that the trees are older, and the “New” -Rectory has long ago lost any signs of newness. It is one of the ways -of Old England to call some of its most ancient things New, as if it -could never learn to tolerate change kindly, even after centuries of -wont.</p> - -<p>There is a Newtimber Place in Sussex whose walls were built before the -Armada. There is a New Building in Peterborough<span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</span> Cathedral which was -completed before the Reformation. New Shoreham took the place of Old -Shoreham before Magna Charta was signed.</p> - -<p>The Rector, the <abbr title="reverend">Rev.</abbr> Frederick Cavell, lived with his family at the -New Rectory. It is a pleasant sunny house with a large garden. Such -parsonages are common in all the unspoiled rural parts of England. A -little gate leads to the churchyard close by.</p> - -<p>In a great city no man would live willingly close by a cemetery. -In such a village as Swardeston the nearness of the graveyard is a -consecration. New graves appear among the old ones from time to time. -The oldest of these others have faded gently into the grass. Nobody -is left to tend them or to remember whose bones they cover. Yet the -history of many a family can be traced back for three centuries on the -lichen-covered stones.</p> - -<p>Some day, when the war is over, another grave may be dug in this quiet -spot. If<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</span> the poor mutilated frame of Edith Cavell is ever permitted -to be brought back home, her countrymen will come here to look upon -the place where she lies. In this October of 1915 she sleeps in a land -ravaged by war, and those who killed her will not stoop even to the -tardy pity of giving back her body.</p> - -<p>But in those early seventies the village churchyard was not a place of -sadness to the Rectory children. They played hide-and-seek among the -sloping tombstones. The church and churchyard were, as they still are, -the centre of the village life. Gay doings, such as a wedding, took -place under the shadows of the elms and yews.</p> - -<p>The whole community assembled there on any day of special interest. -The churchyard was the Trafalgar Square of Swardeston. For it was -not remote from the houses, as many village churchyards are. Norfolk -labourers swung their heels on the wall in the long evenings of the -days before village institutes and reading rooms were invented.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</span></p> - -<p>In these early seventies the village talk still harked back sometimes -to the War of the French and Prussians. Its politics dealt with such -names as “Dizzy” and Gladstone and Joseph Arch, the agricultural -reformer—and, what was more to the point, a Norfolk man. In later -years the village church saw the celebrations of Queen Victoria’s two -Jubilees and King Edward’s Coronation—“a Norfolk landlord, and a rare -good ’un,” as they liked to say in Swardeston.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II</h2> -</div> -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">LIFE IN THE RECTORY.</p> - - -<p>Home life in the Rectory was tinged, as was that of most English -homes at the time, with Evangelical strictness. On Sunday all books, -needlework, and toys were put away. The day began with the learning -of collect or Catechism. As soon as the children were big enough they -attended services in the morning and afternoon.</p> - -<p>Evening services were not yet introduced in Swardeston. Light was not -cheap, and the way across the country fields to church was no adventure -for Sabbath clothes on dark winter nights. Thus the closing hours on -Sunday were home hours for Rectory and village. Let those who have no -memories of such times scoff if<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</span> they think fit. A memory is better -than a jest.</p> - -<p>Edith Cavell’s father was Rector of this parish for more than fifty -years. He is dead now, but the villagers remember him well. His -portrait shows him with a mouth and chin of unusual firmness. His eyes -are kindly, but there is little sense of humour about them. It is -notably the face of an upright man. Surely capable of sternness, he -would be just to the point of inexorableness unless his face belies -him. A sense of duty is implicit in every line; and we have the best of -reasons for knowing that he transmitted this part of his character to -his daughter Edith.</p> - -<p>“The clever Miss Cavell” she was called in later years when she worked -at a London hospital; but a more dominant characteristic was a rigid -insistence upon what she deemed to be right. This was the constant -theme of the father’s sermons to his village flock. He would not -hesitate to reproach from the pulpit any member<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</span> of the congregation, -whatever his station, whom he considered guilty of grave fault.</p> - -<p>The mother (who is now eighty years old, and lives very quietly at -Norwich) brought a gentler influence to bear upon the Rectory life. -There is a picture of her with two of her little girls. The mother -wears the wide flounces which to-day are among the earliest memories -of the “Men of Forty.” Flounces that were a protection and a promise. -Something for little hands to cling to when the legs were not yet -sure of their way. These flounces made a royal road from earth to the -children’s heaven. The grown-up world far out of reach was always -within call of a pull at the ample skirts.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Cavell was a happy mother, and her children were happy too. So -early as the days we are speaking of her eyes had something wistful in -them. It was almost as if some inner consciousness had told her then of -the distant, poignant future.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</span></p> - -<p>So the family grew up in a contented, well-ordered home, with plenty -of outdoor games and sunshine, such as country children have. Long -afterwards, in the midst of London slums, Edith Cavell would talk of -the ripening blackberries far away in the Norfolk lanes, and of the -great jam-making times which followed.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">WORK IN LONDON.</p> - - -<p>Like Charlotte Brontë, another vicar’s daughter, Edith Cavell first -learned something of the wider world in a Brussels school. It was -commoner then than now—meaning by “now” before the war—for English -girls to be sent to Belgium to school. Charlotte Brontë’s Brussels -life has left us at least one imperishable book. Edith Cavell has left -no written memorials of those times; but if we would reconstruct her -life we may imagine some such background as that of “Villette”: the -strangeness of a foreign city, fascinating by its novelty yet repelling -by alien atmosphere.</p> - -<p>The lot of a school-girl is not too happy at the best among new -companions. When<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</span> their language and ways are those of a foreign -country they can become a source of torture to a sensitive child. Some -of these school-girl irritations Edith Cavell had to bear; yet such -early annoyances evidently left little mark on her, for she returned -many years later to Brussels of her own free will, and conquered the -affections of the Belgians a second time.</p> - -<p>Edith Cavell’s early womanhood was spent in London—at the London -Hospital, the <abbr title="saint">St.</abbr> Pancras Infirmary, and the Shoreditch Infirmary in -Hoxton. Her training was obtained at the London Hospital, the great -institution in the Whitechapel Road which is now nursing many wounded -soldiers. The women who train in this hospital pass through a hard -school. All hospital nurses work hard, but the nurses who come from -“The London” think they know more of the strain of their calling than -any others.</p> - -<p>“The London” proposes to raise a memorial to Nurse Cavell. It is their -right<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</span> and hers that this should be done. For “The London” gave her the -thorough training which enabled her to become the skilful teacher of -others, and to instruct the nurses who should succour with equal care -the wounded of all nations.</p> - -<p>At the end of her arduous training at the London Hospital in 1896, -Miss Cavell went to <abbr title="saint">St.</abbr> Pancras Infirmary as Night Superintendent. -She stayed there for a little more than three years. Then she became -Assistant Matron at the Shoreditch Infirmary in Hoxton. She left Hoxton -in 1906 to start the work in Brussels which ended only with her cruel -death.</p> - -<p>Including the training years at the London Hospital, Edith Cavell had -given twenty-two years to nursing the sick. She was twenty-one years -old when she began this work. She was forty-three when she met her -death. Thus she had given up the best years of a woman’s life without a -break, save for the occasional precious holidays, of which we shall say -a word presently.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</span></p> - -<p>The work in London was one of unvarying routine in the most dismal -surroundings. Nothing but a real devotion to the task could have made -the monotony tolerable.</p> - -<p>The writer asked one of those who worked with her for part of this -time what was the reason that decided Edith Cavell to become a nurse. -“She felt it was her vocation,” was the simple answer; “isn’t that -enough?” The vocation, in these great London infirmaries, consisted -in preserving a cheerful face day in and day out; in ruling, with -kindness but also with firmness and an unfaltering tact, old men and -women, children from the poorest slums; in being constantly in contact -with pain and suffering and in the near presence of death. Those who -remember her work in London—and they are very many—speak of her -unselfishness and of a shy pride about the details of her labours.</p> - -<p>What she did for her patients she liked to be a secret between herself -and them.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</span> She would follow up the “cases” to their homes. The Matron -and her fellow-nurses guessed some of these acts of week-day holiness; -but Nurse Cavell never spoke of them. She went about doing good among -the neat beds of the wards and in the unlovely surroundings of the -neighbouring streets, doubtless thinking sometimes of the Norfolk -village where the sun was shining beyond the fog, yet never letting the -patients see that she had any thoughts except for them.</p> - -<p>But with this sympathy went a rare strength of mind. Her name “Clever -Miss Cavell” was not used in envy. It was a simple recognition of the -fact that she had what is called a capable brain. She always knew what -to do in a difficult situation. A fellow-nurse in trouble was always -advised to consult Miss Cavell.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">UPHILL WORK IN BRUSSELS.</p> - - -<p>Edith Cavell needed all her strength of character in her first years in -Brussels. When she went there nine years ago as Matron of a Surgical -and Medical Home, English nursing methods were not appreciated on the -Continent as they are now. Nursing was regarded as one of the functions -of the Church. Miss Cavell was a Protestant as well as a foreigner. She -was felt to be a rival of the nuns and sisters working under religious -vows.</p> - -<p>The authorities of the Catholic Church looked coldly upon an enterprise -which, from their point of view, had an aspect of irreligion and -freethinking. But it was not long before the Matron’s efficiency -and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</span> tact carried the day. A well-known priest trusted himself to -the English lady. His tribute to her devotion and skill brought -public opinion to her side. In 1909 she established a training home -for nurses. The authorities recognised and encouraged her; and -shortly before the outbreak of war she was provided with a modern and -well-equipped building.</p> - -<p>The first warning of the war came when she was spending a holiday at -home with her mother at Norwich. During these years in Brussels two -holidays a year had been spent in England. They were happy halting -places in a rough journey. What made them so pleasant to Edith Cavell -was that she could spend them with her mother.</p> - -<p>The love of the younger woman for the old was one of the most beautiful -aspects of her character. “People may look upon me as a lonely old -maid,” she said once to a friend; “but with a mother like mine to look -after, and, in addition, my work in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</span> the world which I love, I am such -a happy old maid that everyone would feel envious of me if they only -knew.”</p> - -<p>That was her secret—her love for her mother and her work. It was that -which enabled her to look upon the world as a beautiful garden, where -there was always something to do for sickly plants. The real flowers, -and the care of them which could only be given in English holidays, -were almost a passion to her from the earliest Rectory days.</p> - -<p>Her success as a nurse, both in Brussels and the slums of London, owed -three-parts of its efficacy to her overflowing sympathy. “It was her -gentle way,” said an old patient, “that did most to make me well again; -I felt she was a minister of God working for my good.” And there are -wounded British soldiers who have pressed the doctors to send them back -quickly to the firing line. “We will go back willingly,” they say, “to -avenge this great woman’s death.”</p> - -<p class="center p2"><span class="figcenter" id="img003"> - <img src="images/003.jpg" class="w50" alt="THE REV. FREDERICK CAVELL, FATHER OF NURSE CAVELL." /> -</span></p> -<p class="center caption"><i>Daily Mirror Photograph.</i> -<br /><br />THE <abbr title="reverend">REV.</abbr> FREDERICK CAVELL, FATHER OF NURSE CAVELL.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><span class="figcenter" id="img004"> - <img src="images/004.jpg" class="w50" alt="MRS. CAVELL, MOTHER OF NURSE CAVELL." /> -</span></p> -<p class="center caption"><i>Daily Mirror Photograph.</i> -<br /><br />MRS. CAVELL, MOTHER OF NURSE CAVELL.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</span></p> - -<p>Every holiday in England was spent with the aged mother, who looked -forward to these meetings as much as the daughter. Without warning, the -war broke into the last of these holidays in the full summer of 1914. -Edith Cavell made her mind up promptly. Her holiday was not yet over, -but she hurried back at once. “My duty is out there,” she said; “I -shall be wanted.”</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">THE COMING OF THE GERMANS.</p> - - -<p>We reach now the last year of Edith Cavell’s life, for which all the -others had been a preparation. When she arrived in Brussels, the -Germans were shelling Liége. The gallant little Belgium Army stood -drawn up across the path of the invaders. It was believed that the -French and British would soon arrive to drive the Germans back. The -Belgian Government was still in Brussels. Cheery Burgomaster Max kept -order with his Civic Guard. In the autumn of 1915 we are all wiser.</p> - -<p>Miss Cavell has herself described, in an article sent home to the -<i>Nursing Mirror</i>, how the bitter truth came home to Brussels:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Brussels lay that evening [August 20th] breathless with anxiety. News -came that the Belgians, worn out and weary, were unable to hold back -the oncoming host who might be with us that night. Still we clung to -the hope that the English Army was between us and the unseen peril....</p> - -<p>In the evening came the news that the enemy were at the gates. At -midnight bugles were blowing, summoning the Civic Guard to lay down -their arms and leave the city. Many people were up through the dark -hours, and all doors and windows were tightly shut. As we went to bed -our only consolation was that in God’s good time right and justice -must prevail.</p> -</div> - -<p>The sympathies of Nurse Cavell were all with the Belgians and their -Allies. How could it be otherwise? Yet, when the Germans came she spoke -with sympathy of the tired and footsore men in the enemy’s host:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>On August 21st [she wrote] many more troops came through; from our -road we could see the long procession, and when the halt was called at -midday and carts came up with supplies some were too weary to eat, and -slept on the pavement of the street.</p> - -<p>We were divided between pity for these poor fellows far from their -country and their people, suffering the weariness and fatigue of an -arduous campaign, and hate<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</span> of a cruel and vindictive foe bringing -ruin and desolation on hundreds of happy homes and to a prosperous and -peaceful land.</p> - -<p>Some of the Belgians spoke to the invaders in German, and found they -were very vague as to their whereabouts, and imagined they were -already in Paris; they were surprised to be speaking to Belgians, and -could not understand what quarrel they had with them.</p> - -<p>I saw several of the men pick up little children and give them -chocolate or seat them on their horses, and some had tears in their -eyes at the recollection of the little ones at home.</p> - -<p>From that date till now we have been cut off from the world....</p> -</div> - -<p>The German nurses training under Miss Cavell had already -left—conducted to the frontier by her to save them the anxiety of -being in an enemy capital. At this time the German soldiers were -ruthlessly slaughtering Belgian women and children. The new authorities -approved of her continuing her work: no longer, since the outbreak of -war, a training institution, but a Red Cross Hospital. It is admitted -even by her enemies that she threw herself ardently into her work -without respect<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</span> of nationality. Wounded Belgians and Germans were -treated alike. Many German officers passed through her hands.</p> - -<p>There is now in hospital in England a wounded Belgian who knew Miss -Cavell in Brussels in those first days of the German occupation, and -who speaks of the universal affection in which she was held.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">WEAVING THE NET.</p> - - -<p>The full story of the next few months of Edith Cavell’s life cannot -be told until after the war is over. Brussels, as she had written, -became cut off from the world. The hospitable old city became a nest -of spies. “Newspapers were first stopped, then suppressed, and are now -printed under German auspices. The few trains that run for passengers -are in German hands, and wherever you go you must have, and pay for, -a passport. No one speaks to his neighbour in the tram, for he may be -a spy. Besides, what news is there to tell, and who has the heart to -gossip, and what fashions are there to speak of, and who ever goes to -a concert or a theatre nowadays, and who would care to tell of their<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</span> -all-absorbing anxiety as to how to make ends meet and spin out the last -of the savings, or to keep the little mouths at home filled, with the -stranger close by?”</p> - -<p>The frank, open nature of Edith Cavell was ill-fitted for such an -atmosphere of fear and deception. Everyone was “suspect,” as in the -days of the Paris Terror in 1793. It was enough, as then, to fall under -“suspicion of being suspect.” Edith Cavell was suspected, and cunning -men sought how they might weave a net of accusation around her.</p> - -<p>Nurse Cavell was an Englishwoman. That, was the beginning of her -offence. I am not here to say she did no wrong. The full significance -of her own brave admissions cannot yet be revealed. Her crime was the -crime of humanity. The beginning of her offence, to the suspicious -German mind, was that she was English and was popular. Everyone spoke -of her untiring kindness and unfailing courage. It was enough. She must -be dangerous, or all the world would<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</span> not speak well of her. Nobody -spoke well of the German governors of Brussels.</p> - -<p>There is reason to believe that Miss Cavell came in contact, once at -least, with the terrible Baron Von Bissing, the Governor-General. He -formed a strong opinion of her capacity and dauntless courage. The same -head that contrived her secret trial and execution, directed, there -is little reason to doubt, the weaving of the web that ensnared her. -The cleverest spies in Von Bissing’s service were set to watch her. -They found out that she had given a greatcoat to a French soldier who -afterwards escaped across the Dutch frontier. On another occasion she -had given an exhausted Englishman a glass of water. Then the spies -said, what was likely enough, that she had given money to Belgians, and -that this had enabled them to escape.</p> - -<p>In every part of the world these would be simple acts of humanity—for -the suspicious Von Bissing they were crimes. “This must be stopped,” he -ordered.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">ARREST AND SILENCE.</p> - - -<p>Early in the evening of the 5th of August, a loud knock came to -the door of Nurse Cavell’s hospital in the Rue de la Culture. Five -heavily-footed German soldiers and a corporal stood outside with -a police officer. At that very moment the nurse was changing the -bandages of a wounded German. The soldiers broke open the door with the -butt-ends of their rifles, and rushed into the ward.</p> - -<p>At a sign from the police officer—one of the creatures Von Bissing had -set to watch the nurse’s movements—the corporal seized Miss Cavell -roughly. He tore out of her hand the lint with which she was<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</span> about to -bind the wounded man, and began to drag her away.</p> - -<p>The Englishwoman, astonished but calm and dignified, asked for -an explanation. The answer was a cuff. Von Bissing had not given -instructions for any explanation. Nurse Cavell left her hospital for -the last time, and was marched through the dark streets to the military -prison of <abbr title="saint">St.</abbr> Gilles.</p> - -<p>Three weeks of silence followed. Miss Cavell’s friends in England knew -nothing of her arrest. It was only by the good offices of a chance -traveller from Belgium that the news reached the family near the end -of August. At the request of the British Foreign Office, <abbr title="doctor">Dr.</abbr> Page, -American Ambassador in London, telegraphed for information to the -American Minister in Brussels, <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Brand Whitlock.</p> - -<p>The gaolers of Edith Cavell had used the interval well. It was decided, -even before her arrest, that she was to be executed. But, first of all, -seeing that the Louvain methods were grown obsolete, it<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</span> was necessary -to concoct a “case” against her. The spies had not done their work well -enough. The greatcoat and the glass of water and the silver coins to -hunted men were not sufficient for a conviction. There was only one -method by which Edith Cavell could be convicted. That was from her own -mouth.</p> - -<p>In England when the meanest felon is arrested he is warned by the -officer who reads the charge to him, that he need not make any -statement unless he wishes, and that anything he says may be used in -evidence against him. In Brussels, under German rule, Edith Cavell’s -judges deliberately set themselves to extort admissions by which to -condemn her.</p> - -<p>They refused her an advocate. They prevented communication with any -soul who could give her counsel. They surrounded her arrest and -imprisonment with secrecy lest any warning of her danger should reach -her from outside. They contrived that she should be utterly alone.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</span></p> - -<p>To their astonishment they found their business easy. Miss Cavell gave -them every help in her power. She had nothing to conceal, she said. -She told them every incident which had a bearing on the charge. She -supplied dates and details. Instead of the clumsy hearsay of the spies, -her accusers had facts given them to build up a lengthy dossier. And -when all was admitted it was nothing more than a series of acts of pity.</p> - -<p>Those who think of this confession as a woman’s weakness are in error. -Edith Cavell was no ignorant girl. She well knew what she did. She -would have been a better lawyer if she had refused to incriminate -herself. She would have been a less noble woman. What she said she said -to draw all the blame upon herself. Knowing well that death was the -punishment, she did not shrink.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">THE FALSE FRIEND.</p> - - -<p>As Von Bissing had arrested Edith Cavell in secret, so he sought to -judge her clandestinely. The trial took place before a court-martial on -October 7th and 8th, with that of thirty-four other prisoners. Before -this time <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Brand Whitlock, the American Minister, with his Secretary -of Legation, <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Hugh Gibson, and his legal adviser, M. de Leval, a -Belgian advocate, had stirred themselves actively on Miss Cavell’s -behalf. The story of how they were deliberately hoodwinked is one of -the most ugly features of the case.</p> - -<p>For ten days Baron Von der Lancken, the German Political Minister, sent -no reply<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</span> to <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Whitlock’s appeal for information, and for authority -to start the defence. <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Whitlock repeated his request on September -10th, but it was not until two days after this date that Baron Von -der Lancken replied to the appeal. He set forth in this letter the -only official statement ever made by the German authorities as to Miss -Cavell’s “crime.” It is worth reading in his own words:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><i>She has herself admitted that she concealed in her house French and -English soldiers, as well as Belgians of military age, all desirous of -proceeding to the front.</i></p> - -<p><i>She has also admitted having furnished these soldiers with the -money necessary for their journey to France, and having facilitated -their departure from Belgium by providing them with guides, who -enabled them to cross the Dutch frontier secretly.</i></p> - -<p><i>Miss Cavell’s defence is in the hands of the advocate Braun, who, I -may add, is already in touch with the competent German authorities. In -view of the fact that the Department of the Governor-General</i>, as -a matter of principle, <i>does not allow accused persons to have any -interviews<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</span> whatever, I much regret my inability to procure for <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de -Leval permission to visit Miss Cavell as long as she is in solitary -confinement.</i></p> -</div> - -<p><abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Braun was a lawyer at the Brussels Appeal Court. As soon as the -American Legation received the intimation that he had been appointed as -the lawyer, <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval wrote, asking him to come to the Legation. <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> -Braun came as requested “a few days later.”</p> - -<p>The time was now drawing close when the trial was to come on. Three -weeks had already been wasted since the American Embassy in London -first took the matter up, and nearly seven weeks had gone by since the -arrest. But when at last it appeared as though something was about -to be done, another excuse was produced. <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Braun’s news was that -although he had been asked to defend Miss Cavell by personal friends of -hers, he could not do so “owing to unforeseen circumstances.”</p> - -<p><abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Braun stated that he had seen another Belgian lawyer, <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Kirschen, -who had<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</span> agreed to undertake the defence. Another delay, while <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de -Leval got into touch with <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Kirschen. At last there was to be an -opportunity to obtain some details of the accusation. What had Miss -Cavell admitted? asked the American counsel. What were the documents -upon which the charge was based? What estimate had the lawyer formed of -the prospects of an acquittal?</p> - -<p>To the astonishment of <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval, the lawyer replied that under -German military rules he was not allowed to see his client before the -trial began. The prosecution had every opportunity of preparing its -case. The judges were fully informed of every circumstance that might -bias them against the prisoner. But the poor lonely woman in prison -could not even see her counsel in private, and all the documents were -withheld from his inspection.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><span class="figcenter" id="img005"> - <img src="images/005.jpg" class="w50" alt="MRS. CAVELL, MOTHER OF NURSE CAVELL." /> -</span></p> -<p class="center caption"><i>Photo Copyright</i><br /><i>Farringdon Photo Company.</i> -<br /><br />NURSE CAVELL WHEN A CHILD, WITH HER MOTHER AND ELDER SISTER.</p> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</span> -<p class="center p2"><span class="figcenter" id="img006"> - <img src="images/006.jpg" class="w75" alt="THE RECTORY, SWARDESTON, WHERE NURSE CAVELL WAS BORN." /> -</span></p> -<p class="center caption"><i>Daily Mirror Photograph.</i> -<br /><br />THE RECTORY, SWARDESTON, WHERE NURSE CAVELL WAS BORN.</p> - - -<p>In these circumstances <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval decided that he would attend the -trial himself. Unfortunately, he did not persist in this decision.</p> - -<p>It is extremely doubtful, in view of what happened afterwards, if the -authorities would have permitted the presence of a neutral spectator -of the administration of German “justice.” What induced <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval -to give way was the consideration of Miss Cavell’s interests. <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> -Kirschen urged that the presence of an American at the trial would -prejudice the prisoner’s chances. The judges would feel they were under -supervision, and would be likely to be more severe in consequence. <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> -Kirschen declared that there was not the least chance of a miscarriage -of justice, and promised to inform <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval of every development of -the case.</p> - -<p>We may judge of the value of his advocacy from the fact that he -afterwards broke all these promises except one. He did tell <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de -Leval when the trial was coming on. He never made any report of the -progress of the trial, although it took two days. He<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</span> never disclosed -what the sentence was. He never informed the only powerful friends -of his unhappy client that she was to be executed unless outside -intervention came. And when <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval tried to find him he had -disappeared.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">TRIAL IN SECRET.</p> - - -<p>The conspirators had thus succeeded in drawing an impenetrable veil -across their wicked purposes.</p> - -<p>Practically the only accounts of the trial are those printed in the -German newspapers a fortnight after the execution. These tell us that -the court-martial was held in the Court of the Brussels Senate-House. -The judges are not named. The principal person accused (says the -<i lang="de" xml:lang="de">Hamburger Fremdenblatt</i>, which in the true German way assesses -titles higher than all personal characteristics) was Prince Reginald de -Croy, of Belignies, but he had not been found. The Princess Maria,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</span> his -wife, stood, however, in the dock with Edith Cavell beside her.</p> - -<p>Miss Cavell was in the nurse’s uniform in which she had been arrested. -The white cap covering the back of the head and disclosing the neat -dark waved hair beginning to go grey at the sides, was tied beneath the -chin with a starched bow. The stiff collar surmounted the white apron. -On the nurse’s arm was the red cross of her merciful calling. Her clear -eyes looked out on a group of enemies. Overfed officers, with thick -necks and coarse eyes, faced her from the judge’s bench. Soldiers with -fixed bayonets stood between the prisoners.</p> - -<p>Although she knew her danger, Nurse Cavell did not flinch before her -accusers. There was nothing defiant in her look. It was too serene -for anger. But the judges must have noted the weakness of the woman -they were condemning. She was fragile almost to delicacy. Two months -of prison had made her complexion ashy<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</span> white. She looked about the -court with curiosity, and even in this supreme hour had time for a -compassionate smile for those who were sharing her peril.</p> - -<p>The German papers give us an outline of the prosecution “case.” They -allege that Miss Cavell and Prince Reginald de Croy were the two -principals in a widespread espionage organisation. Aided by the French -Countess of Belleville, they had assisted young Belgian, French, and -British soldiers to escape from Belgium. The refugees were taken by -different routes to Brussels, hidden in Miss Cavell’s hospital or in a -convent, and conducted by night in tramcars out of Brussels, and then -by guides to loosely guarded points along the Dutch frontier.</p> - -<p>When this statement was ended, Miss Cavell was asked to plead. In a -low, gentle voice, contrasting with the harsh accents of her accusers, -she replied that she believed she had served her country, and if that -was wrong she was willing to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</span> take the blame. The lips of some of her -fellow-prisoners quivered as they heard these brave words.</p> - -<p>Fearlessly, and in quiet, firm tones, Miss Cavell went on to disclose -facts which provided chapter and verse for her “crime.” The questions -were put in German, then translated by an interpreter into French, -which Miss Cavell of course knew well. “She spoke without trembling -and showed a clear mind,” an eye-witness afterwards told <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval. -“Often she added some greater precision to her previous depositions.”</p> - -<p>The Military Prosecutor asked her why she had helped these soldiers to -go to England. “If I had not done so they would have been shot,” she -answered. “I thought I was only doing my duty in saving their lives.”</p> - -<p>“That may be very true as regards English soldiers,” responded the -prosecutor, “Why did you help young Belgians to cross the frontier when -they would have been perfectly safe in staying here?”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</span></p> - -<p>The answer to this question is not recorded. “In helping Belgians I -help my own country” must have been the thought that rose to her lips.</p> - -<p>Other prisoners were asked what they had to say, and among them, M. -Philippe Bancq, a Belgian architect, made a memorable plea, fit to put -beside Nurse Cavell’s. “I helped young Belgians to escape to join the -army,” he said. “As a good Belgian patriot I am ready to lay down my -life for my country.” Bancq has since been shot.</p> - -<p>The prosecution asked for the death sentence to be passed upon Miss -Cavell and eight other prisoners. But “the Judges did not seem to -agree.” Nurse Cavell’s heroism appeared to have made some impression on -her enemy’s hearts.</p> - -<p>Sentence was postponed. It seemed as though mercy might prevail.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">FIGHTING FOR LIFE.</p> - - -<p>Between the trial and the sentence some sinister influence intervened. -It is a secret of the Germans what that influence was. But we cannot -follow the incidents of the last day of Edith Cavell’s life without -becoming aware that a design had been conceived in some brain to hurry -on the last penalty before there was time for a reprieve.</p> - -<p><abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval had heard privately on the evening before (Sunday, October -10th) that the trial was over, and that the death sentence had been -demanded. The trial had ended on Friday, but <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Kirschen, the lawyer, -did not report to <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval as he had promised. Neither on Saturday -nor<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</span> Sunday could <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Kirschen be found, and he disappears altogether -from view after the trial. After fruitless inquiries on Sunday night, -<abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval went to see Baron de Lancken, the German Political -Minister. Late at night he succeeded in finding a subordinate, <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> -Conrad, but could obtain no information.</p> - -<p>On the Monday morning <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval again saw Conrad, who assured him -that judgment would not be passed for a day or two, and that the -American Legation would be informed as soon as this took place. No word -came from Conrad all day, and none from Kirschen. The lawyer was “out -till afternoon” <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> de Leval was told when he called at the house.</p> - -<p>On this crucial day <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Brand Whitlock, the American Minister, was -ill in bed. But he was working hard to save Miss Cavell’s life. With -<abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Hugh Gibson, Secretary of the Embassy, he prepared a letter to -Baron Von der Lancken pointing out that Miss Cavell had spent her life -in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</span> alleviating the sufferings of others, had bestowed her care as -freely on the German soldiers as on others. “Her career as a servant -of humanity,” he wrote, “is such as to inspire every pity, to call for -every pardon.” And with his own hand the Minister wrote this touching -appeal:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><i>My dear Baron,—I am too ill to present my request to you in -person, but I appeal to your generosity of heart to support it and -save this unfortunate woman from death. Have pity on her!</i></p> -</div> - -<p>Throughout the day the Legation made repeated inquiries of the German -authorities to know if sentence had been passed. The last was at twenty -minutes past six. <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Conrad then stated that sentence had not been -pronounced, and renewed his promise to let the Legation know as soon as -there was anything to tell.</p> - -<p>At five o’clock that same afternoon the death sentence had been passed -in secret. The execution was fixed for the same night.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</span></p> - -<p>Three hours later the American Legation learned privately of the -deception. <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Gibson found the Spanish Ambassador, the Marquis de -Villalobar, and went with him to Baron Von der Lancken’s house. The -Baron was “out” as the advocate had been in the morning. Neither was -any member of his staff at home. An urgent message was sent after the -Baron. He returned with two of his staff at a little after ten. The -execution was to take place at two next morning.</p> - -<p>Lancken at first refused to believe that the death sentence had been -passed. Even if it had the execution would not be that night, and -“nothing could be done until next morning.” But the two diplomatists -refused to be put off. They compelled the Baron to make inquiries, and -when he was obliged reluctantly to admit the truth, they urged him to -appeal to the Military Governor, Von Bissing.</p> - -<p>At eleven o’clock Von der Lancken came<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</span> back from seeing Von Bissing. -He brought a refusal. The Governor-General had acted “after mature -deliberation” and refused to listen to any plea of clemency. For an -hour longer the two devoted Ministers pleaded for the woman’s life. -It was in vain. There was no appeal. “Even the Emperor could not -intervene.” Edith Cavell was doomed. At midnight her friends departed -in despair.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">THE LAST SCENE.</p> - - -<p>The most beautiful moments in Edith Cavell’s life were those which -preceded her martyrdom. At eleven o’clock the British chaplain in -Brussels, the <abbr title="reverend">Rev.</abbr> H. S. T. Gahan, was admitted to the cell in which -she had spent the past ten weeks.</p> - -<p>He found her calm and resigned. She told him that she wished all her -friends to know that she gave her life willingly for her country. And -then she used these imperishable words:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><i>I have no fear nor shrinking. I have seen death so often that it is -not strange or fearful to me.</i></p> - -<p><i>I thank God for this ten weeks’ quiet before the end. Life has -always been hurried and full of difficulty. This time of rest has been -a great mercy.</i></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</span></p> - -<p><i>They have all been very kind to me here. But this I would say, -standing as I do in view of God and eternity, I realise that -patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness to -anyone.</i></p> -</div> - -<p>After this the chaplain administered the Holy Communion. The clergyman -repeated the words of “Abide with me.” She joined in at the words:</p> - -<p class="poetry"> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hold Thou Thy cross before my closing eyes;</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shine through the gloom, and point me to the skies;</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Heaven’s morning breaks, and earth’s vain shadows flee.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In life, in death, O Lord, abide with me.</span><br /> -</p> - -<p>At two o’clock in the morning they led her out with bandaged eyes -to the place of execution. The firing party stood ready with loaded -rifles. At this last moment her physical strength was not a match for -her heroic spirit. She fell in a swoon. The officer in charge of the -soldiers stepped forward and shot her as she lay unconscious.</p> - -<p>Before the day dawned her body was laid to rest in the land occupied by -her enemies, whom with her last breath she forgave.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">EDITH CAVELL’S MESSAGE.</p> - - -<p>The circumstances of Edith Cavell’s death became known in England on -Trafalgar Day. The news reached the public through the newspapers the -following morning. No one who was in London that day will ever forget -the sense of horror that ran through the land. From early morning a -dense crowd of people thronged round the only tangible symbol of her -martyrdom, a wreath of laurels placed among those of the sailors who -died for England. The armless Nelson looked down from his column upon -the memorial of a weak woman who had borne witness to his immortal -message. The seaman and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</span> officers who had died in the long-drawn-out -Trafalgar, welcomed her, as it seemed, to their company. And in the -mist and rain of a London October day the true spirit of England leaped -again to life.</p> - -<p>“This will settle the matter, once for all, about recruiting in Great -Britain,” said the Bishop of London. “There will be no need now of -compulsion.” All day men competed in their eagerness to join the Army. -Continual recruiting meetings were held round the base of Nelson’s -monument. In Nurse Cavell’s native village every eligible man joined -the Forces next day. A tide of enthusiasm set in which has not yet -waned.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><span class="figcenter" id="img007"> - <img src="images/007.jpg" class="w50" alt="NURSE CAVELL IN HER GARDEN." /> -</span></p> -<p class="center caption"><i>Daily Mirror Photograph.</i> -<br /><br />NURSE CAVELL IN HER GARDEN.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><span class="figcenter" id="img008"> - <img src="images/008.jpg" class="w50" alt="NURSE CAVELL, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN BRUSSELS." /> -</span></p> -<p class="center caption"><i>Photo Copyright</i><br /><i>Farringdon Photo Company.</i> -<br /><br />NURSE CAVELL, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN BRUSSELS.</p> - - -<p>Consternation and horror expressed themselves in every part of the -world. The <i lang="de" xml:lang="de">Staats Zeitung</i>, the Germans’ newspaper in New York -which defended the sinking of the “Lusitania,” disowned the crime. -“This is savagery,” said neutral Holland. “The killing of Miss Cavell -will be more expensive than the loss of many regiments,” <span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</span>said a -great American journal. “The peace of the future would be incomplete -and precarious,” wrote the Paris <i>Figaro</i>, “if crimes like these -escaped the justice of peoples.” The King and Parliament gave voice to -England’s sentiment.</p> - -<p>Yet the Germans were so little conscious of what they had done that -they made the deed blacker by excuses. “We hope it will serve as -a warning to the Belgians,” wrote the Berlin official paper, the -<i lang="de" xml:lang="de">Vossische Zeitung</i>. “I know of no law in the world which makes -distinction between the sexes,” said Herr Zimmermann, the Kaiser’s -Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs. And they filled the cup of their -infamy by refusing to surrender Nurse Cavell’s body to her friends.</p> - -<p>It is fitting that there should be some personal memorial to this -heroic life. One such, by the thoughtful initiative of Queen Alexandra, -is to be provided in the shape of an Edith Cavell Nursing Home at -the London Hospital where Miss Cavell was trained. The <i>Nursing -Mirror</i>, for which<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</span> she wrote her last article, urges the -institution of a Cavell Cross for Heroism, a decoration for women only.</p> - -<p>An Empire Day of Homage has been proposed. A great national memorial -service has been held in <abbr title="saint">St.</abbr> Paul’s Cathedral.</p> - -<p>But the best memorial to Edith Cavell will be the determination of her -fellow-citizens to put aside self in willing service to their country.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="APPENDIX">APPENDIX.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> -<p class="center big">SIR EDWARD GREY’S SCATHING COMMENT.</p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Sir <span class="smcap">Edward Grey</span> to the <span class="smcap">American Ambassador</span> in London.</p> -</div> - -<p class="right"> -Foreign Office, October 20th, 1915.<br /> -</p> - -<p>The Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his compliments to -the United States Ambassador, and has the honour to acknowledge the -receipt of His Excellency’s note of the 18th instant enclosing a copy -of a despatch from the United States Minister at Brussels respecting -the execution of Miss Edith Cavell at that place.</p> - -<p>Sir E. Grey is confident that the news of the execution of this noble -Englishwoman will be received with horror and disgust not only in the -Allied States, but throughout the civilised world.</p> - -<p>Miss Cavell was not even charged with espionage, and the fact that she -had nursed numbers of wounded German soldiers might have been regarded -as a complete reason in itself for treating her with leniency.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</span></p> - -<p>The attitude of the German authorities is, if possible, rendered worse -by the discreditable efforts successfully made by the officials of -the German Civil Administration at Brussels to conceal the fact that -sentence had been passed and would be carried out immediately. These -efforts were no doubt prompted by the determination to carry out the -sentence before an appeal from the finding of the court-martial could -be made to a higher authority, and show in the clearest manner that the -German authorities concerned were well aware that the carrying out of -the sentence was not warranted by any consideration.</p> - -<p>Further comment on their proceedings would be superfluous.</p> - -<p>In conclusion, Sir E. Grey would request <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Page to express to <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> -Whitlock and the staff of the United States Legation at Brussels the -grateful thanks of His Majesty’s Government for their untiring efforts -on Miss Cavell’s behalf. He is fully satisfied that no stone was left -unturned to secure for Miss Cavell a fair trial, and when sentence had -been pronounced a mitigation thereof.</p> - -<p>Sir E. Grey realises that <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Whitlock was placed in a very -embarrassing position by the failure of the German authorities to -inform him that the sentence had been passed and would be carried out -at once. In order, therefore, to forestall any unjust criticism which -might be made in this country he is publishing <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Whitlock’s despatch -to <abbr title="mister">Mr.</abbr> Page without delay.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_GERMAN_OFFICIAL_DEFENCE">THE GERMAN OFFICIAL DEFENCE.</h2> -</div> - - -<h3>Statement by Herr <span class="smcap">Zimmermann</span>, German Under-Secretary of State -for Foreign Affairs.</h3> - -<p>It is indeed hard that a woman has to be executed, but think what a -State is to come to which is at war if it allows to pass unnoticed -a crime against the safety of its armies because it is committed by -women. No law book in the world, least of all those dealing with war -regulations, makes such a differentiation, and the female sex has -but one preference according to legal usage, namely, that women in a -delicate condition may not be executed. Otherwise a man and woman are -equal before the law, and only the degree of guilt makes a difference -in the sentence for a crime and its consequences.</p> - -<p>In the Cavell case all the circumstances are so clear and convincing -that no court-martial in the world could have reached any other -decision. For it concerns not the act of one single person, but rather -a well-thought-out, world-wide conspiracy,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</span> which succeeded for nine -months in rendering the most valuable service to the enemy, to the -disadvantage of our army.</p> - - -<h3><span class="smcap">Severity the Only Way.</span></h3> - -<p>Countless British, Belgian and French soldiers are now again fighting -in the Allies’ ranks who owe their escape from Belgium to the activity -of the band now sentenced, at the head of which stood Miss Cavell.</p> - -<p>With such a situation under the very eyes of the authorities only the -utmost severity can bring relief, and a Government violates the most -elementary duty towards its army that does not adopt the strictest -measures. These duties in war are greater than any other.</p> - -<p>All those convicted were fully cognisant of the significance of their -actions. The court went into just this point with particular care, and -acquitted several co-defendants because it believed a doubt existed -regarding their knowledge of the penalties for their actions.</p> - -<p>I admit, certainly, that the motive of those convicted was not unnoble, -that they acted out of patriotism; but in war time one must be ready to -seal one’s love of Fatherland with one’s blood.</p> - - -<h3><span class="smcap">To Frighten the Others.</span></h3> - -<p>Once for all, the activity of our enemies has been stopped, and the -sentence has been carried out to frighten those who might presume on -their sex to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</span> take part in enterprises punishable with death. Should -one recognise these presumptions it would open the door for the evil -activities of women, who often are handier and cleverer in these things -than the craftiest spy.</p> - -<p>If the others are shown mercy it will be at the cost of our army, for -it is to be feared that new attempts will be made to injure us if it is -believed that escape without punishment is possible or with the risk of -only a light sentence.</p> - -<p>Only pity for the guilty can lead to a commutation. It will not be an -admission that the executed sentence was too severe, for this, harsh as -it may sound, was absolutely just, and could not appear otherwise to an -independent judge.</p> - -<p>It is asserted that the soldiers told off to carry out the execution -refused at first to shoot, and finally fired so faultily that an -officer had to kill the accused with his revolver.</p> - -<p>No word of this is true. I have an official report of the execution, in -which it is established that it took place entirely in accordance with -the established regulations, and that death occurred immediately after -the first volley, as the physician present attests.</p> - - -<p class="center p4"> -W., L. & Co., Printers, Clifton House, Worship <abbr title="street">St.</abbr>, E.C.<br /> -Telephone <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 3121 London Wall.<br /> -</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MARTYRDOM OF NURSE CAVELL ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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