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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #68324 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68324)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of The 151st Field Artillery Brigade, by
-Richard M. Russell
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: The 151st Field Artillery Brigade
-
-Author: Richard M. Russell
-
-Release Date: June 15, 2022 [eBook #68324]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
- at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
- generously made available by The Internet Archive)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY
-BRIGADE ***
-
-
-
-
-
-THE 151st FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL WM. S. MCNAIR]
-
-
-
-
- THE
- 151st FIELD ARTILLERY
- BRIGADE
-
- BY
-
- RICHARD M. RUSSELL
-
- [Illustration]
-
- THE CORNHILL COMPANY
-
- BOSTON
-
-
-
-
- Copyright, 1919, by
- THE CORNHILL COMPANY
-
-
-
-
-TO MY OLD COMRADES
-
-
-If you find in the pages that follow anything to amuse or interest
-you and yours, thank Mrs. William S. McNair, Major Swift, Captain
-Converse and Lieutenant Clement, to whom the author is indebted for the
-information herein contained.
-
- R. M. R.
-
- _Boston, April 25, 1919._
-
-
-
-
-THE 151st FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE
-
-
-
-
-The 151st Field Artillery Brigade
-
-
-
-
-INTRODUCTION
-
-
-In writing this brief sketch of the Brigade from its inception to its
-final mustering out of the service, it has not been my aim to account
-in any way for all the days and nights which have elapsed during that
-period. Memories fond or hateful to some of us would not be very
-interesting to the rest. Looking backward from the point of view of
-the Brigade as a unit, many of those days were so monotonously alike
-that an attempt to account for all would lead to idle repetition. Well
-I realize that every one of them stands for something important in
-the career of some one man; perhaps his first tour of guard duty, or
-his first ride, a close call, a bawling out, something accomplished,
-something learnt. But I have not time, space nor knowledge to write
-these details. If, however, by my generalities I can so picture our
-life at Devens and after that this little book will recall to its
-readers those things I have omitted, it will have served its purpose.
-
-
-
-
-THE 151st BRIGADE
-
-
-
-
-I. CAMP DEVENS
-
-
-In April, 1917, the United States declared war against Germany. It was
-no surprise, but what did it mean? For it is one thing to declare war
-and another to wage it. We had no army and no ships and three thousand
-miles of ocean lay between the Yankee and the Hun. We would of course
-lend money to our allies. Would we give them our men? The answer, thank
-God, was the draft law which put into being the greatest democratic
-institution of our country,--the National Army.
-
-Early in the fall of 1917, men from every walk of life, from every
-corner of every state, thronged to the huge, ugly, but business-like
-cantonments which had grown up, like the mushroom over night. These
-men, scientifically chosen, for their physique, mentality, character
-and patriotism, were as diversified in their civil life and occupations
-as men can be, but they had one thing in common: ignorance of the
-military. This and the single purpose that brought them there, welded
-them together. If Germany scorned our declaration of war, she must have
-sung another tune as she watched us prepare to wage it.
-
-Camp Devens, Massachusetts, was the rendez-vous for New England’s
-Yankees. They were the personnel of the first of the National Army
-Divisions, the Seventy-Sixth.
-
-The Divisional Artillery was to consist of the 301st, the 302nd, and
-303rd regiments, Colonels Brooke, Craig and Conklin respectively
-commanding. Thus it was that the 151st Field Artillery Brigade was
-born, and with what promise! Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and
-Massachusetts furnished the quota, with many a generation of fighting
-ancestors behind them and traditions of battles won, not only in war
-but in every field of human endeavor.
-
-Was it strange then that Major-General William S. McNair, then
-Brigadier-General, shortly after he took command in December of that
-year said that he felt as proud as the young mother when she sees her
-first born take its first four steps?
-
-Those early months found us awkward and nearly as helpless as the
-infant to which the General referred, but men and officers alike were
-using this time to advantage; both had to adapt themselves to new
-ways of thinking and living, and even the language of the army was as
-strange to us then as was French when we finally got to France.
-
-It was perhaps at this time more than any other, that we had cause to
-be thankful to the General, Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels for their
-able and generous assistance in getting the younger officers over those
-first hurdles. Let us here extend our utmost appreciation to Lieutenant
-Colonels Rehkopf, Danforth and Stopford whose loss to the Brigade we
-have had many an occasion to regret. But they like many others of our
-best were called upon to take bigger jobs where they could be of even
-greater value to the country all were now serving.
-
-In many respects those days were the hardest of all; everything
-was strange. For a time, standing in line hour after hour was an
-interesting novelty and gave the ever-present jester an opportunity to
-exercise his wit; so with the drills. But human beings, particularly
-the Yankee variety, adapt themselves quickly to their surroundings.
-Standing in line a couple of hours for a pair of shoes or a cup of soup
-ceases eventually to be an interesting novelty. And when the soup so
-acquired is knocked from your hand by an over zealous companion and
-soils the uniform you must keep clean, you may perhaps forgive him
-and laugh; but all that is funny therein is almost sure to occur to
-your fertile mind and keen sense of humor the first time it happens.
-Repetition is superfluous.
-
-Being herded together, seeing the same man on either side of you every
-day and all day, having to do what you are told day and night, has
-but limited charms for the independent citizen of America. Thoughts
-were turned, first backward, to the days when we had been individuals
-instead of a mite of a cog in a great machine, and then forward, with
-the inevitable question: how long was it all to last? We would have
-been homesick, desperately so, but there was no time. A bugle broke our
-sleep when it was still dark. Another summoned us to a formation before
-it was physically possible to get dressed, from which we were marched
-to breakfast. A whistle, followed by the First Sergeant’s “Fall Out”,
-arrested the first mouthful and told us we would not have time to wash
-mess kits before policing. Policing was followed by inspection, where
-the Captain would bawl us out for the condition of those same wretched
-mess kits. Inspection was followed by physical exercises; physical
-exercises by foot drill, foot drill by a hike, the hike by mess. In the
-afternoon we rehearsed the events of the morning. Supper was followed
-by school, then taps, then bed, then reveille. To-day is a repetition
-of yesterday, to-morrow will be a repetition of to-day. But to-day we
-are not going to be bawled out for dirty mess kits, we wash them and
-are late for policing; the First Sergeant puts us in the kitchen for
-a week and we learn the meaning of K. P.[A] We are soon repentant and
-resolve to be on time to formation. This is the school of the Rookie
-and this is how he learns the impossible. “Take therefore no thought
-for the morrow, for the morrow shall take thought for the things of
-itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.”
-
-The next quota of men come into camp; we have graduated; they are the
-rookies; we are the soldiers; we laugh; they look puzzled.
-
-Then came the winter, and what a winter! Arthur Mometer said it was
-zero hour all the time. Of course he did not know. He was a Rookie,
-but somehow it didn’t make it any warmer nor the snow less deep. We
-shovelled snow and froze doing it, we had exercises and we froze doing
-that, we drilled with the same result. Live horses took the place of
-those ever-to-be-remembered wooden monstrosities. We groomed them and
-they bit us. We exercised them and they kicked us. But we got hard and
-we got health and we became soldiers. Individuality was superseded by
-discipline.
-
-About this time a touch of war and Hun Hellishness was brought home to
-us. William S. McNair, Colonel of the 6th Field Artillery was promoted
-in France and ordered to America to command our Brigade. Accordingly he
-left France on the U. S. S. “Antilles”. At about 6.45 in the morning
-of October 17th a German submarine succeeded in torpedoing his boat.
-She sank immediately with the loss of about 65 lives. The General
-was in the water for some three quarters of an hour, when he was
-taken into a life boat. Six hours later one of the convoy, the Morgan
-yacht “Corsair” returned from trying to find the submarine and took
-aboard all the survivors. They returned to France and two weeks later
-the General again sailed for home on the transport “Tenadores”. The
-“Tenadores” has since been sunk by a mine, but happily for the Brigade
-it was not on this voyage.
-
-Christmas came and with it the joy of home for a few, but the majority
-of the men must stay in camp. It was all part of the great task we had
-undertaken. We accepted it as such. Transportation was not available to
-move our now vast army to its homes. We made merry, or rather, we did
-better than that; we pretended to make merry. We sang the songs we had
-rehearsed for the occasion. It was a holiday. There were no drills. We
-had time to think. We can be honest now. Our thoughts were not those of
-the schoolboy on his holiday with his plans for stockings and Christmas
-tree, dinner and stomach ache. They were far-away thoughts of things,
-once commonplace and taken for granted, now suddenly and forever dearer
-than life itself; things which in fact made life worth while. Home,
-loved, of course, but so much a part of us that we had grown to accept
-it as a matter of right. But strangely enough our thoughts carried
-us farther. We found that we were longing for the little individual
-problems of our daily routine in the past,--problems that had once
-perplexed and annoyed us we now craved as a hungry man craves food.
-
-Months slipped by, and with them the winter. Spring rumors of France
-took the place of winter rumors, but the warm weather and a few guns
-found us ready for the real work of artillerymen. Reveille was an hour
-earlier and retreat an hour later. But we were up hours before reveille
-with a call to stables followed by boots and saddles. We hitched the
-horses to the guns in the darkness, that we might get all the daylight
-on the range. A runaway was not an unusual diversion. But as we had
-become fit, so did the horses. Every day saw men and horses in better
-condition and better trained. Team work and order was taking the place
-of individual endeavor and chaos. A machine with intelligence was in
-the making, and results were beginning to assert themselves. Each cog
-was finding its place and taking hold with a will. A sharp command in
-the crisp air put the works instantly in motion, where a month before
-explanations, demonstrations, repeated attempts and failures had only
-succeeded in getting parts of our engine to function. Now the gears
-were adjusted, we needed but to limber them up and oil the parts. An
-occasional “Well Done” would take the place of continuous reprimand.
-We became proud of ourselves and our organization. A healthy spirit
-of rivalry stalked abroad. We were the _best_ section in the _best_
-battery, and of course our regiment was the _best_ in the Brigade, if
-not in the army! Officers were proud of their men, and the men were
-proud of the officers. Each began to know the other, his powers and his
-limitations. Sympathy took the place of misunderstanding and surliness.
-
-[Illustration: COLONEL GEO. M. BROOKE]
-
-So on the range, the officers acquired the theoretical elements of
-artillery firing. They learnt to figure their data with accuracy and
-to convey it to their batteries in terse and comprehensive commands.
-The men in their turn were seeing the purpose of the monotonous daily
-drills of the six months past and the value of team work. They acquired
-an intimate knowledge of the pieces they were serving; the delicacy
-of the mechanism and the consequent necessity for accurate laying. They
-responded with alacrity to the orders of their superiors, and the guns
-responded to the slightest touch of the crews. All were alert, smart,
-prompt,--officers and men alike, fascinated with the possibilities of
-the game they were rapidly learning to play. Even the details, after
-months of labor, became proficient at the wig wag, semaphore, buzzer,
-map-making and sketching; in short, all of those things which we
-discovered later, played such an important part in winning the war.
-
-So when the government inspectors began to look us over and rumors flew
-faster, we were not found wanting. The wheels were oiled and the spirit
-was there.
-
-But here I am rudely stopped by the adjutant of the 301st who says
-we can’t leave Devens without a Horse Show. Of course he is right.
-It can’t be done, although it does seem tough after having oiled the
-wheels to such perfection. However what must be done shall be done
-gracefully; so thought Captain Page at the second hurdle where he
-decided to make the rest of the trip on his ear.
-
-And the horses, too, grasped the spirit. Like many people they enjoyed
-the show from without the ring better than within it. Some came on the
-scene with dignity, only to bolt the next minute, not to reappear. Some
-merely confounded their riders by refusing jumps, while others were
-unmannered enough to refuse to show. For all that, it was a Horse Show
-and one of which to be proud.
-
-Since ceremonies are in order, let us not forget the prayer which took
-place one memorable day on the Parade Ground with the entire Division
-drawn up for the occasion. Here a horse also figured,--the Division
-Adjutant’s. As the parson began to pray, the horse started to jump and
-those who were nearest insisted that the adjutant outdid the parson. I
-will not say, for I could hear the adjutant and I could not hear the
-parson. This was the last time the Division was together as a unit.
-
-One day toward the end of June a long train was spotted in the
-quartermaster yards. Trucks were soon busy carrying officers, men and
-their baggage in that direction. Of course, nobody knew that an advance
-party of some hundred officers and three hundred men had been secretly
-ordered to report to the Commanding General, Port of Embarkation, New
-York, for transportation overseas. On June 27th they sailed on the
-British liner “Justicia”, which was sunk on her return trip. But the
-American soldier is no fool. He has learnt to keep his eyes open and
-his mouth shut, to believe about half he sees and nothing he hears. He
-was more sure now that the Division was about to sail for France than
-if he had read it in every newspaper in the United States.
-
-In another two weeks rumors were forgotten. On July 10th the Division
-was ordered overseas. This was fact. The air was charged with
-excitement, which however found its expression in orderly and untiring
-hustle and bustle. Men, animals and transportation were all worked
-overtime, but even balky army trucks seemed to go for once with a will.
-The labors of the last ten months were not to be in vain. We were to
-have a chance to practise what we had learnt and perhaps to show the
-Hun a few tricks of his own game.
-
-The Artillery were the last to leave. It was not a difficult task.
-We were to receive our materiel in France. Individual equipment only
-was to accompany the troops, for we had nothing else. The few guns we
-drilled with were out of date and not used abroad. The 302nd, and 303rd
-regiments were already motorized on paper, so horses were no longer
-needed for them, but the 301st must have shed bitter tears for the
-beautiful animals they had spent so much time and energy to condition
-and train.
-
-Twenty-eight lieutenants of the 302nd left ahead of their regiment and
-sailed from Boston on the “Katoomba” which touched at Halifax on its
-way to Liverpool.
-
-
-
-
-II. OVERSEAS
-
-
-Of that last journey from Devens to Boston on July 15th there is
-nothing to chronicle. We were again for that brief period of time
-individuals. Thought and not action crowded the hour. And what a
-curious collection of thoughts they were. Each was absorbed with the
-things nearest and dearest, soon to be far away. But there were other,
-exciting thoughts. We were on our way! What boats were to carry us? The
-sea! What were we going to accomplish? And that far-away France,--what
-was it like? And war, what was it like? Would we come back?
-
-The train stopped. “Fall out”. There was a scramble for one’s
-possessions, followed by another for our places on the platform. We
-were marched on board and to our bunks, where we left our belongings
-and hastened on deck. All was again hustle and excitement. The gang
-planks were lowered, the hawsers dropped. The whistles were blowing and
-we were off for France,--off for the war, July 16th, 1918.
-
-Our boat was the “Winifredian”. Soon we were absorbed in our
-surroundings. There were twenty-three ships in our convoy, curious
-in their camouflage, but then all was strange to most of us, who
-were not used to ocean liners. And the harbor had its fascinations.
-Comparatively speaking we were men of leisure. Jest once more asserted
-itself. Our quarters while not altogether to our taste, like most other
-things in the army would have to do, since there was no alternative. We
-turned in and strangely enough we slept.
-
-Then sounded that good old familiar bugle with the good old familiar:
-
- “_We can’t get ’em up,
- We can’t get ’em up,
- We can’t get ’em up in the morning;
- We can’t get ’em up,
- We can’t get ’em up,
- We can’t get ’em up at all._”
-
-Where were we? Oh yes! On our way to France. We dressed hurriedly and
-got up on deck. The convoy was still there but not all of it. Four
-ships had disappeared and various theories were propounded. But just
-as the official dopster had got them well sunk by a submarine and
-was counting the casualties, it was announced that they had put into
-Halifax. Apparently the convoy was too large and unwieldy, so four
-boats had to drop out, one of which was the “Novara” with the 301st on
-board. However the other two regiments were still in the convoy and we
-proceeded on our way. We had boat drill and we wore life preservers,
-and we got rather bored with both. As for guard duty and setting up
-exercises they bored us eight months before. Seasickness is preferable
-to either, and there were a good many of us sick.
-
-While we were sailing merrily across the North Atlantic, the 301st had
-disembarked at Halifax and was playing with the Canadian troops there
-and thereabouts. But it was only for a week, when they were again on
-their way, this time on the “Abinsi”.
-
-As the 301st left Canada, the other two regiments landed in England,
-one at Liverpool, another at Bristol, and Brigade Headquarters at
-Avonmouth on July 31st.
-
-The next novelty was the English railway carriage or coach, as they
-call it. It was the latest model limousine with side entrances
-and compartments. We tried them and landed at Camp Mornhill near
-Winchester, where we found the twenty-eight officers of the 302nd who
-had sailed from Boston just ahead of us. A week later the 301st came
-to Winchester, but they had become somewhat exclusive in Canada and so
-on August eighth they went to Romsey instead of our camp. Winchester
-apparently produces a good deal of mud and a lot of rain. At any rate
-it was not sufficiently alluring to detain us for long. We proceeded to
-Southampton. “I say does it always rain here?” But before our British
-friend got around to answering us we were again on the move,--this time
-to a Channel steamer, and France. So we were really going to France and
-the war, and not for a tour of the world.
-
-On August 3rd the steamer that took Brigade Headquarters and the 303rd
-across the English Channel, or La Manche as the French call it, was
-one of our own,--and hence, a good boat. She used to run between Boston
-and New York, and her name used to be “The Yale”. Than which there is
-but one better: “The Harvard”. The 302nd crossed on her the next day.
-
-The 301st was still about a week behind the rest of the Brigade. They
-sailed from Southampton on August 14th and also landed at Le Havre.
-
-“So this is Frogland! Look at the frogs,--wooden shoes and all! Even
-the little children speak French here.” But they did not give us time
-to get acquainted. Again we were off, this time on a French train.
-They have them like the British, but this one looked like the variety
-we used to play with as kids, only each car says on the outside “40
-Hommes, 8 Chevaux.” We knew not what it meant but the stench was
-indicative.
-
-Two days got us to Bordeaux. We arrived on August 6th and Brigade
-Headquarters was established on August 7th at Gradignan in a very
-attractive villa with beautiful grounds. The 301st also established
-Headquarters at Gradignan, on August 17th, and billeted their men in
-the village. You will notice that here they were more than a week
-behind us. They account for this by an aeroplane attack at Rouen. The
-302nd was billeted in two little villages, Ville Nave and Pont de la
-Maye, a few kilometres from Brigade Headquarters. The 301st Ammunition
-Train was at Cadaujac.
-
-We seemed doomed to lose a regiment. At Havre the 303rd was ordered to
-Clermont Ferrand for its training.
-
-While the regiments were en route from the United States to France,
-the Advance Schools Detachment of the Brigade were wandering over
-Europe. From Liverpool they went to Southampton and Le Havre, then to
-Le Valdahon near the Swiss border. There they spent a couple of weeks
-and saw some American artillery training and a few Hun planes. From Le
-Valdahon the contingent from the 303rd went to Clermont and those of
-the other two regiments went to Souge, near Bordeaux.
-
-It was about this time that we were informed that we were no longer a
-part of the 76th Division, but were to be a Brigade of Corps Artillery.
-It did not cause many tears as the 76th was already doing duty as a
-replacement division with no chance of going to the front as a unit.
-Our tables of organization were changed accordingly and we were rapidly
-equipped for duty in our new capacity. The 303rd regiment was issued
-G. P. F.s, the famous French 155 m. m. long rifle with a range of about
-17,000 metres. The 301st got the world renowned French 75, the best
-known gun of the war, and the 302nd got American 4.7 rifles about which
-nothing was known.
-
-While in Gradignan and vicinity our days consisted largely in getting
-acquainted with our new guns. We also learnt French and paraded. Some
-of our number were detailed to join the Advanced Schools Detachment at
-Camp de Souge, August 14th.
-
-On August 25th the London Evening Mail published the news of General
-NcNair’s promotion. We were of course glad of the obviously merited
-reward, but selfishly would rather have had it otherwise, for of course
-he would cease to be our Brigade commander. However, at the time we
-consoled ourselves with the thought that he might command the Corps
-artillery of which we would be a part. That night there was a dinner
-and celebration at Brigade Headquarters. The scene was picturesque
-and one to be remembered. The French Mayors of the villages where our
-troops were billeted were invited and came. The meal was served on the
-lawn under a huge tree in those beautiful gardens. A hundred yards down
-the lawn through the trees we could see the 301st band, conducted by
-Lieutenant Keller. They played as even they had never played before.
-The villagers, hearing the music, flocked to the gates and the General
-sent word to the guard that the sentries were to let them in. In they
-came and went straight to the music. Sitting on the lawn they made a
-huge circle around the band, and gave our Headquarters a very festive
-appearance. It was a rare occasion for them. Lovers of music that they
-were, it was seldom that they had an opportunity to hear it. Their own
-bands had long been busy nearer the front.
-
-On September 5th and 8th the two regiments, 302nd and 301st
-respectively, moved to Souge for the final six weeks firing before
-going to the front. We made the trip, some twenty miles, with our own
-transportation. Brigade Headquarters was established at the camp on
-September 8th and the Ammunition Train moved in the same day.
-
-Souge is located in the middle of a sand desert at the end of the
-world. As far as you can see there is not a landmark to relieve the
-monotony. It is as flat as a table all the way to the sea, some
-twenty-five miles distant. As Major Hadley of the 301st remarked: “It
-is a nice beach but where is the water?” Souge may best be described
-as follows,--a camp some two miles long of ramshackle, broken down,
-foul smelling barracks in the middle of the desert which was to be our
-range. Flies, sand, dust and heat were in abundance, as were dysentery
-and the “Flu” at times. The flies were like ours except larger, more
-abundant and infinitely more obnoxious. As one of our men wrote home,
-he was in the hospital as a result of having been kicked by a fly.
-
- _Of all the camps in the A. E. F.
- Whether S. O. S. or zone of Advance,
- You will cuss until you’re out of breath
- This Camp de Souge in France._
-
-But there we were. We ate the dust, we killed flies and we sweat in the
-sweltering heat, as we pulled guns, trucks and tractors through that
-damnable sand.
-
-On September 21st the long dreaded orders for Major-General McNair
-arrived and with them Secretary of War Baker, General Tasker Bliss and
-a flock of Major Generals and Brigadiers. That same day he relinquished
-the command to Brigadier-General Richmond P. Davis and left camp to
-take command of the Artillery of the First Army.
-
-The finishing touches were applied. We were inspected. We passed our
-examinations and were ready for the front. When would the orders come?
-There were already rumors of peace,--were we to miss the party after
-a year and a half of preparation? The thought was nauseating, but we
-stuck to our work. We knew our Brigade Commander was a hustler. We
-could see it, and General McNair had said so. Confidence ran high.
-
-We had an abundance of ammunition and General Davis ordered a problem
-to cover three days. The guns were to go into position at night and
-without lights; they did. We established communication by telephone,
-radio and projector, and maintained it. Conversation was in code and
-cypher. We were to fire an offensive barrage over the infantry; it was
-done. The infantry called for a defensive barrage at 11.40 at night; it
-was layed before the rocket burst.
-
-Altogether in this problem of four regiments the 75s fired about 6,000
-rounds and the 4.7s about 600.[B]
-
-In the meantime it rained, or rather poured. The heavens were trying to
-make good for the past six months of inaction,--they did. Or perhaps
-it was the 302nd weeping for the now certain loss of Colonel Craig. He
-had received his promotion and it was only a question of time before
-his orders would arrive. Loved and respected by all who knew him, he
-was to leave a vacancy hard to fill. His officers gave him a dinner in
-Bordeaux on October 7th.
-
-
-
-
-III. THE FRONT
-
-
-It was while our problem was in progress that General Davis and part
-of his staff left for the front, October 11th. A few days later,
-on October 17th, he was followed by the rest of his staff. So the
-regiments polished and oiled their materiel and entrained at the camp
-for God-knows-where. One thing was certain and that was we were going
-forward and not back, for from Bordeaux it takes a boat to go in the
-latter direction. It was at this time that we knew definitely that
-the 301st was to leave the Brigade. It was to be army artillery and
-received different orders, confirming our fears when it was detached by
-telegraphic order of October 2nd.
-
-Hardly had the General with a few members of his staff arrived at the
-front when a stray shell killed his aide, Lieutenant W. B. Dixon, Jr.,
-October 19th, 1918. He was buried with military honors where he fell
-near Bouillonville. He had been with us but a few days, but such was
-his personality and charm that he had become as closely identified with
-the Brigade as the oldest member of the staff. His death was a personal
-loss to every one of us.
-
-Brigade Headquarters was established at St. Mihiel, Meuse, October
-19th, 1918, and the entries in the official War Diary begin. I have
-the diary before me as I write, and I feel that I cannot do better
-than take the information therein practically word for word as it was
-recorded each day from October 19th to November 11th.
-
-The famous salient of St. Mihiel had been wiped out a month before.
-Having held it successfully for four long years, the Germans considered
-their lines there impenetrable; but it took the Yankees just two
-short days, September 12th and 13th to reduce that four years’ work
-to nothing, and on our side of the balance sheet now stood several
-thousand prisoners and a few hundred guns. It had happened a month
-before, but the battle fields were still fresh with Hun relics and
-ruins, and one had but to see to know that Heine and Fritz had lost no
-time in their departure. Everywhere ammunition dumps and other stores
-were left untouched by the fleeing foe.
-
-October 19th the 151st Field Artillery Brigade, less one regiment (the
-301st) was attached to the 2nd Colonial Corps (French) of the Second
-Army, A. E. F., as corps artillery, with its rail head at Sorcy and
-its Refilling Point at Woinville. The zones and mission of the Brigade
-were assigned. In a general way our sector extended from Bonzee to
-Vigneulles. The line in this sector ran roughly northwest to southeast,
-the Germans holding the villages of Ville en Woevre, Pintheville,
-Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire, Doncourt and Woel.
-
-October 21st was devoted to reconnaissance. The commanding officer,
-Colonel Conklin of the 303rd F. A. and staff arrived. An air raid by
-the enemy occurred at 7.00 p. m. They are all alike. This is what
-happens. Delicate instruments more sensitive than the human ear detect
-the sound of the aeroplane’s engines at a great distance. These
-instruments are placed at intervals along the lines at what are known
-as listening posts or stations. Directly an enemy plane is detected,
-its whereabouts and direction are telephoned to the areas behind.
-There, the fact is announced by a bugle call, followed by rattles,
-sirens and every other variety of music. This is the first you know
-of the “ships that pass in the night.” There is a scramble for the
-nearest abri, otherwise known as bomb-proof or dug-out. You stumble
-and fall down a flight of steps and find yourself from twenty to forty
-feet below ground. It is dark, and the air is damp and smells vilely.
-There are from fifty to a hundred other humans in this subterranean
-tomb, some lie down, prepared to spend the night, others, half-clad,
-shiver and wait. Then out of the distance you hear a faint humming as
-of insects in summer. It grows louder. It is the engines of the enemy’s
-planes. Suddenly Hell is torn loose. The anti-aircraft guns or Archies,
-as the British call them, have opened fire from the ground. The planes
-return the compliment with bombs and machine guns. A boiler factory in
-your head would not be nearly so bad for your ears as the cracking and
-shrieking that takes place. As suddenly as it started it ceases. All
-is quiet. We go about our duties or sleep, as the case may be, until
-the next raid occurs. If it is a clear night and the planes are likely
-to return, there are many who prefer to stay in the dug-out and make a
-night of it there rather than spend the time until morning running back
-and forth.
-
-October 22nd the work of reconnaissance for battery positions and P.
-C.s[C] continued. More enemy planes were seen over St. Mihiel. But this
-time it was broad daylight; they reconnoitered and took photographs,
-but there was no battle royal to disturb the peace. Suddenly little
-balls of cotton appeared about the plane. They were the bursts of some
-distant anti-aircraft battery trying to annoy the aviator.
-
-October 23rd the commanding officer (Colonel Platt) of the 302nd
-F. A. and staff arrived. In the afternoon enemy airplanes made a
-reconnaissance. The regimental advanced parties arrived.
-
-Reconnaissance was the chief work of the next few days. Lieutenant
-Colonel McCabe of the 302nd taking the area to the north of Bonzee. The
-Germans must have had the same idea, for enemy aircraft continued to
-pass over Headquarters.
-
-On October 28th the 33rd Division relieved the 79th Division in this
-sector, the 55th Field Artillery Brigade remaining in place, with its
-Headquarters at Troyon (P. C. Kilbreith).
-
-[Illustration: BRIGADIER-GENERAL DANIEL F. CRAIG]
-
-By November 1st all the battery positions and P. C.s were located and
-billets were obtained for the regiments. Colonel Platt of the 302nd
-F. A. chose some old German shelters near the one-time village of St.
-Remy for his P. C. His batteries were to be scattered through the Bois
-des Eparges, mostly to the north. The 3rd Battalion was to be behind
-the hills to the eastward. The country looked like pictures of the
-moon sometimes reproduced in scientific magazines because of interest
-but never on account of beauty. Once there had been woods; now there
-was hardly a tree standing. All vegetation had been killed by gas
-and shell,--crater after crater gave mother earth a very diseased
-appearance. Here we spent our days and nights while the war lasted.
-Colonel Platt chose Rupt for his billets.
-
-Colonel Conklin in selecting his P. C. showed better taste. He found
-an old German Headquarters, built like a Swiss chalet in the heart of
-the woods and far away from harm. Here he settled comfortably, two
-kilometres to the northeast of Deuxnouds and just South of the Grande
-Tranchee de Calonne. He had but two battalions. The first he placed to
-the east of his P. C., the second about four kilometres to the north.
-
-This same day liaison was established with S. R. S. No. 3 American, and
-on November 2nd with S. R. O. T. Nos. 58 and 67.
-
-November 3rd the Brigade Headquarters detachment arrived and was
-billeted in St. Mihiel, and information was received that the 302nd
-F. A. had detrained at Dugny and was moving into Rupt en Woevre.
-
-November 4th information was received that the 303rd F. A. had
-detrained at Dugny and was moving into Creue. The 3rd Battalion of the
-303rd was assigned to the Fourth Army Corps.
-
-November 5th the Second Battalion of the 302nd reported its guns in
-position and ready to open fire. Hardly was this accomplished when
-the Huns began to give them a taste of gas, over 3,000 rounds being
-reported. One gun of Battery B, 303 F. A. was reported to be in
-position. The Brigade was detached from the 2nd C. A. C. (French), and
-was put under the command of the 17th C. A. (French).
-
-November 6th one gun of the 303rd F. A. was ready to fire at midnight
-and the other guns were being moved up as fast as the positions were
-constructed.
-
-From 10.00 p. m. November 6th to 2.00 p. m. November 7th, about 3,000
-gas shells, mostly mustard, fell near B and F Batteries of the 302nd
-F. A., but though other artillery units nearby had a number of men
-gassed, the 302nd F. A. had no casualties, thanks to strict and
-effectual gas discipline.
-
-In the vicinity of P. C. Gross, Second Battalion of the 303d, about two
-hundred gas and high explosive shells fell, also without casualties.
-
-In the afternoon Field Order No. 1 was issued directing the 302nd to
-deliver harassing fire during the night on Ville en Woevre and on the
-roads from that place to Braquis and Hennemont. The 303rd F. A. was to
-fire on Hennemont, Pareid, Maizeray and Moulotte. At 6.10 the orders
-were changed by telephone on account of later information, with the
-result that the 302nd F. A. took under fire two additional targets,
-which were identified only by their coordinates. The 303rd fired at
-Pareid and Moulotte and on a battery in the Bois de Harville.
-
-On the night of November 6th and 7th, in a two company infantry raid
-with artillery support against the Chateau d’Ardnois, one German
-officer and twenty-two men were captured and from ten to fourteen
-killed. Our own casualties were slight. There was very little enemy
-artillery fire during the day. At 9.15 however, on the night of
-November 7th, the operations officer of the 55th Field Artillery
-Brigade at P. C. Kilbreith reported heavy shelling by the enemy of
-Fresnes en Woevre. This village was now strongly held by our troops,
-and it was thought that the German fire was in retaliation for the
-raid. Our Sound Ranging Section S. R. S. No. 3 had located the
-enemy batteries that were executing the fire and we were asked for
-neutralization at the earliest possible moment. This order was sent
-to the 303rd F. A. by courier and telephone. At 11.00 a. m. the enemy
-having ceased his fire, the 303rd F. A. was ordered to discontinue
-firing. Field Order No. 2 was then issued authorizing the 303rd F. A.
-to fire at once for neutralization upon any enemy battery reported in
-action beyond Maizeray. In the meantime Major Hadley’s Battalion of
-the 302nd F. A. was fired upon by the enemy with gas shells. Captain
-Lefferts was the only casualty.
-
-On November 8th two strong patrols of our infantry, sent early in the
-morning to the Bois de Harville and St. Hilaire, brought back three
-prisoners. The 33rd Division reported considerable harassing fire about
-Les Eparges and Saulx en Woevre, with some interdiction fire on the
-villages at the base of the hills. The total was about 3,000 rounds.
-This was the first day that the air was clear enough for the G. P. F.s
-to register, and Colonel Conklin registered on Joinville. Shortly
-after 4.00 o’clock, Balloon No. 22 reported two batteries firing. They
-were given to the 303rd F. A. for immediate neutralization. In the
-meantime, orders had been sent out for the night’s firing, the targets
-assigned to the 303rd F. A. being two batteries of 105 howitzers in
-the Bois de Harville and the towns Maizeray and Butgneville. The 302nd
-F. A. was given the Pintheville-Maizeray road, the Pintheville-Pareid
-road, Maizeray, Butgneville and St. Hilaire, the latter being the most
-important. The fire was to stop at 3.00 a. m. to permit an infantry
-raid to go into St. Hilaire and the vicinity. These orders, sent by
-telephone and courier, were in response to a request for help from
-the Divisional Artillery. They were followed by a Memorandum to the
-regiments designating the zones in which, after the start of the
-infantry raid on November 9th, it would not be safe for them to fire
-without express authority.
-
-On November 9th a change of organization occurred as a result of the
-removal of a large part of the French Artillery from the sector.
-The two batteries which were left,--one of 120 long and one of 155
-long,--were taken over by General Davis and assigned to the command
-of Colonel Platt of the 302nd F. A. in what then became known as the
-Groupment Platt. General Davis thus became Commander of the Corps
-Artillery of the sector.
-
-Early in the morning of this same day, a request was received from the
-infantry through the Operations Officer of the 55th Field Artillery
-Brigade for help in a raid. It appeared that lack of ammunition for
-the Divisional artillery threatened to deprive the infantry of much
-needed artillery assistance. Orders were issued for concentration fire
-between 2.00 and 5.00 a. m. on Maizeray, Butgneville and St. Hilaire
-and between 5.00 and 6.45 a. m. on Maizeray and Butgneville. With the
-approval of Corps Artillery Headquarters the regiments were permitted
-to use ammunition beyond that authorized for daily expenditure.
-
-The strong reconnoitering patrols sent out by the 33rd Division
-executed the raid on Marcheville. It was completely successful and
-resulted in the capture of eighty prisoners including three officers.
-Patrols near Pintheville and Riaville met strong resistance. At 3.50 p. m.
-an enemy barrage of about 4,000 shells was laid down between Fresnes
-and Wadonville, probably in retaliation for the raid of the previous
-night. Orders were issued that the regiments should fire at once on any
-batteries reported in action by the Sound Ranging Section (S. R. S. No.
-3) and that every clear day should be utilized for registration. During
-the afternoon the 303rd F. A. was directed to fire on two batteries
-of 210 howitzers,--one near Labouville and the others northeast of
-Joinville,--and on a battery of medium calibre, just south of Moulotte.
-
-Late in the afternoon we were informed that an infantry raid would
-take place at H hour next morning on our front. The Groupment Platt
-were ordered to fire on Maizeray and on the road between Pintheville
-and Maizeray. The 303rd was to fire on Maizeray, Harville and the same
-stretch of road and on batteries reported firing from points back of
-Maizeray. The fire of both groups was to last for 105 minutes after H
-hour and at 2.20 in the morning, notification was sent by courier to
-the commanding officers of the two regiments that H hour would be
-5.45 a. m.
-
-At 8.30 in the evening the General ordered a concentration by the 302nd
-F. A. on Riaville, Pintheville and the road connecting them, to be
-fired between midnight and 3 a. m. At 8.45, the 303rd F. A. was given
-counter-battery work in answer to a call from the Divisional Artillery
-Headquarters.
-
-Upon the change in organization mentioned above, the advanced location
-for our Brigade P. C. was fixed at Creue. The regiments were ordered
-to reconnoitre to find locations for at least some of their guns out
-on the Plain of Woevre where they would be able to reach some of the
-German long range artillery which had been bothering us, and also
-follow up the advance of our infantry for a long distance without
-changing position for a second time.
-
-On November 10th a general advance was ordered to begin at 7.00 a. m.
-but the order did not reach our Brigade. However, this information
-was obtained incidentally by the Brigade Commander, and at 10.40 a. m.
-orders were issued for the regiments to provide advance telephone
-lines, with a view to establishing forward P. C.s. At the same time
-the Brigade P. C. was opened at Creue. A series of orders were issued
-over the telephone with reference to a change of positions by the 302nd
-F. A. and the 303rd F. A. and at 11.48 we received orders from the
-corps that the 4.7 regiment must advance as soon as possible. Orders
-were sent to them to complete all reconnaissance and prepare to move
-immediately. At 1.25 orders were received from the corps to move two
-batteries of the 303rd F. A. with 400 rounds of ammunition at the tail
-of the main body of the 33rd Division in advance. It was thought that
-this was based on the supposition that the enemy was going to retire,
-which he had no intention of doing, as later developments showed.
-
-At 4.00 o’clock in the afternoon, word having been received that the
-country to the north and east of Bonzee was occupied by the enemy, an
-officer was sent to the 33rd Division occupying our sector and another
-to the 81st Division on our left to find out the true state of affairs.
-There proved to be no basis whatever for this report, as the 33rd
-Division was holding its forward line in great strength with a view to
-attacking on the morning of the 11th, and the 81st Division was also
-reinforced for a continuation of their attack, begun on the 10th.
-
-General Bailey, commanding the 81st Division and Colonel Roberts, Chief
-of Staff, urgently requested artillery help in their attack on Ville en
-Woevre, Hennemont and other points. The Brigade supported these attacks
-between 5.00 and 7.00.
-
-The commanding General of the 33rd Division, having received orders to
-advance, called for support from the Corps Artillery on Pintheville,
-Harville, Moulotte, Maizeray, Pareid and batteries in the Bois de
-Harville and elsewhere. This support was given between 9.25 p. m.
-November 10th and 5.00 a. m. November 11th.
-
-At 7.30 p. m. the 302nd F. A. was ordered to move one battalion into
-the advanced positions in the Plain of the Woevre and to have another
-battalion in motion so as to reach its advanced position on the 11th
-while the guns held in reserve were to continue the firing. One
-battalion, in accordance with these instructions, took position on the
-Plain of the Woevre near Tresauvaux, well in advance of the main body
-of the infantry and of the resistance line. It remained there overnight
-and until ordered to withdraw on the morning of the 11th, when news was
-received that the armistice had been signed.
-
-In the meantime, three guns of the 303rd F. A. were successfully moved
-into similar forward positions from which, if fighting had continued,
-they might have done highly effective work against some of the distance
-long range German guns, especially those that had been bothering St.
-Maurice, Thillot and other towns along the base of the hills. The
-Brigade fired 736 rounds in the course of the day, against a number of
-different targets assigned from time to time by Brigade Headquarters,
-or reported direct to the regiments by the S. R. S.
-
-At about ten o’clock on the night of the 10th the French corps
-commander under whom we were serving, said he expected important
-news from the Eiffel Tower wireless station before morning. He asked
-Brigade Headquarters to notify him should our wireless pick up anything
-of interest. Taking the daily communiques from the Eiffel Tower had
-been part of our routine work, so the operators knew her[D] voice
-intimately. Accordingly they were not unduly surprised when she started
-her familiar squeak early on that historic morning. Received at 5.45
-a. m. November 11th, the message that the armistice had been signed
-and that hostilities were to cease at 11.00 a. m. was reported at the
-Brigade P. C., Creue, by telephone from the St. Mihiel Headquarters. To
-the credit of the Brigade let it be known that it was from our station
-that the news was given to the entire sector.
-
-The 33rd Division attacked at 5.00 a. m. Strong patrols sent out along
-the front captured three officers and eighty-three men. Infantry lines
-were established at the close of hostilities as follows: Chateau
-d’Aulnois, Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire, south of Butgneville,
-Bois de Harville thence southward to Ferma d’Hautes Journeux. These
-towns were taken on the morning of the 11th. It was a glorious piece
-of work but hardly worth the price in American life it involved. The
-Germans, pushed to the limit, made a last stubborn resistance and from
-behind their fortifications and barbed wire delivered a murderous fire
-on our troops with rear guard machine gun action from hidden nests. The
-battlefield as I saw it that afternoon, I shall not soon forget. There
-lay an American sergeant, where he had fallen, and behind him lay his
-men, not twenty yards from the German machine gun they were attacking.
-My thoughts were first of sorrow that these men should have made the
-supreme sacrifice in those last minutes of the great war. In those
-fine young faces still shone the joy of life, theirs but yesterday,
-when they had thought of home and all it held in store. But I read
-another story, that of peace, such as is only experienced after a hard
-struggle won and as I looked at the scene I felt a thrill of pride.
-What a sacrifice! but God, how gloriously made!
-
-The plans for the early morning attack contemplated prearranged firing
-by the Corps Artillery until 7.00 a. m. Information that the Armistice
-had been signed having arrived at 5.45 a. m., the Heavy Artillery
-Commander at that hour ordered no more firing, unless urgently called
-for by some infantry unit which was in need of help or was being
-effectively shelled. The advance Brigade P. C. at Creue was closed at
-11.00 a. m. Ammunition had been brought up during the night and the
-corps artillery stood ready with some of its guns advanced beyond the
-main line of resistance, to support fully a further general infantry
-attack.
-
-At 10.55 on the morning of the Armistice, the 303rd Band at Creue
-played taps, then the Marseillaise, then the Star Spangled Banner and
-then Reveille. All that morning the artillery thundered and was still
-thundering when the music started. When it stopped, all was still.
-
-On the afternoon of November 12th I walked along our front between the
-lines. The stillness of peace was upon the earth where but yesterday
-the din of bloody battle reigned. Our lines were held by a series of
-sentries walking their posts as if on parade. Over yonder the Germans
-were doing likewise. The sun shone in gladness upon the scene. The air
-was crisp and the reliefs were gathering wood for their fires. As the
-shadows grew longer and the sun set in a blaze of glory, the figures
-of the sentries grew dim, but their positions became identified by the
-bonfires they had kindled which now alone marked the lines. As I turned
-to go, rockets once used to call for a barrage or as a warning of gas
-lit the sky. Thus ended the war.
-
-
-
-
-SUMMARY
-
-
-A resume of the history of the 151st Field Artillery Brigade during
-its short term at the front shows a great variety of services and
-connections.
-
-Originally constituting a part of the Artillery of the Second Army,
-the Brigade was attached on its arrival in the zone of advance to the
-Second Colonial Corps of the French army in the Troyon sector, where
-it served under General Blondlat, Corps commander and General Jaquet,
-Chief of Artillery.
-
-The Second Colonial Corps was relieved by the 17th French Corps,
-General Hellot commanding, General Walch, Chief of Artillery. On
-October 29th, the Brigade came under their command.
-
-On November 13th the Brigade was assigned to the Fourth American Corps.
-When the Fourth Corps moved forward at 5.00 a. m., November 17th, the
-Brigade passed into the Second Army Reserve. When the regiments first
-came into the St. Mihiel sector, the infantry holding it were the 79th
-Division of the American Army, General Joseph E. Kuhn commanding;
-the 39th French Infantry Division and the 28th French Regiment of
-Dismounted Cavalry. On the 28th of October, however, the 79th was
-relieved by the 33rd American Division, General George Bell commanding.
-
-The 39th French Infantry Division and the 28th regiment of Dismounted
-Cavalry were withdrawn and the sector of the 17th Corps was from
-Vigneulles to Bonzee.
-
-The Corps Artillery, 151st Brigade and two batteries of French
-Artillery à Pied, covered the entire front of fifteen kilometres.
-
- * * * * *
-
-This is the story of our few days at the front before the Armistice,
-and this is what we did in the actual fighting.
-
-I have been obliged for lack of space and knowledge to omit those
-things most interesting to the individual--little incidentals, perhaps
-from the point of view of the rest of us, but to him they constituted
-the war, and always will. For this reason they will remain forever
-vivid pictures in his memory and are therefore not necessary to
-chronicle. At the same time it will do no harm to recall a few more
-facts and feelings that all in one way or another experienced during
-that momentous although brief period of our lives. Mud is perhaps the
-foremost to the author. But there were others. At night there was not
-a light as we stumbled and cursed, feeling our way in those ruined
-villages; automobiles and trucks travelled similarly without lights in
-the jet blackness, sometimes on the road but more often off it. And
-the drivers, let us not forget them and their troubles: the sinking
-feeling in the region of the stomach as the truck, laden to its limit
-with ammunition, would itself first sink and then stick in that sea of
-mud. Tired to the point of exhaustion, they would dig for hours and
-get out only to be in again a hundred yards down the road. Or perhaps
-Buddy, with his truck, would try to pull us out with the result that
-he too got stuck. Then there were the nights spent going into position
-where the impossible was often accomplished,--that was work such as
-few outside of the army will experience,--but it was exciting and it
-was necessary, and that explains how it was done. Following this were
-the nights spent in serving the guns,--sleepless nights,--but it was
-fun, and the excitement made it interesting. Last but not least, let us
-recall for a second, if we can, how it felt to be under fire,--but most
-of us were too busy and tired to have any feelings. Such as they were
-they were hardly pleasant.
-
-While most of the Brigade was thus solving its troubles, the 3rd
-Battalion of the 303rd was having troubles of its own. Detached from
-the Brigade and assigned to the Fourth Corps on November 4th, they
-were ordered to take a position a thousand metres in front of the
-Seventy-fives and about the same distance behind our own front line.
-The terrain assigned them for their guns was a wooded swamp, perhaps a
-thousand metres from the road. It was down this road that they brought
-their guns under practically continuous enemy fire. Nor did the fire
-stop when they reached their positions. Just as regularly as the half
-hours came around on the clock so did the Germans go the rounds of
-these two batteries and Battalion Headquarters with high explosive and
-gas. There were many narrow escapes but no serious casualties. The
-dispersion of the German guns and the regularity with which they fired
-were alone responsible, so say the Third Battalion. But I am inclined
-to think, in spite of German declarations of “Gott mit Uns”, that the
-Bon Dieu was on our side; for besides the elements above mentioned,
-practically every direct hit or what was so close as to amount to a
-direct hit, proved to be a dud. Of the labors involved in taking this
-position and the will that delivered the goods we cannot say enough.
-The job was done and done gloriously.
-
-While the Brigade, minus one regiment, was disporting itself in and
-about St. Mihiel, that regiment, the 301st F. A. was ordered to another
-part of the front, November 2nd. Accordingly they went to Neufchateau
-near Chaumont, where they were to become a part of the Army Artillery
-for the 1st army. There they were held in reserve and obliged to wait
-for further orders, which did not come. Finally it was learnt that they
-were to move forward and take up positions about November 12th, but the
-Germans also hearing of this, signed the Armistice on the 11th. So it
-was that our lost regiment did not get into action. We sympathize with
-them, but we do not feel as they do, for we know the goods were there
-and given the opportunity, would have been delivered. On November
-29th they were ordered to prepare for return to the United States.
-Many miserable weeks followed at Brest, but finally, one glorious day,
-the Statue of Liberty appeared before them and January 6th, 1919, they
-landed in New York from the good ship “Nieuw Amsterdam”. In this the
-rest of the Brigade fared not so well.
-
-[Illustration: COLONEL ARTHUR CONKLIN]
-
-After the Armistice was signed, the regiments were withdrawn to billets
-and the materiel was parked. The 302nd returned to Rupt en Woevre,
-where they got busy on the famous show they produced a few weeks
-later. The 303rd were not as easily satisfied. They had some troops
-still in and about the positions,--some more at Creue, a lot more at
-Savannieres, and the 3rd Battalion which had rejoined the regiment was
-now at St. Christophe Ferme. Later, the First and Second Battalions
-moved to Troyon and the Third Battalion to Ambly, while regimental
-Headquarters was established at St. Mihiel.
-
-While thus in billets there were many rumors, but they were mostly
-of “occupation” with the Third Army. The fact was, we were kept busy
-policing the villages and a good part of France. The part we got was
-not in the very best of order, so we had our hands full. At the same
-time it was not all work; the 302nd show took us out of the mud and
-gunk of the busted villages of France and dropped us temporarily in
-front of the foot-lights of Broadway. There were other bright spots but
-they were not the weather. Meantime we waited for we knew not what. We
-got to know our French brothers in arms, and we sympathized with them
-for all they had lost. But they demanded our admiration even more than
-our sympathy. In the face of ruined homes and brothers lost, they could
-say: “C’est la guerre” and could sing with us the Marseillaise and
-Madelon:
-
- _Quand Madelon vient nous servir a boire
- Sous la tonnelle au frole de son jupon
- Et gue chaqu’un lui raconte une histoire,
- Une histoire a sa façon
- La Madelon pour nous n’est pas sévère
- Lorsqu’on lui prend la taille ou le menton,
- Elle rit, c’est tous le mal qu’elle sait faire,
- Madelon, Madelon, Madelon._
-
-
-
-
-IV. HOME
-
-
-On December 20th the order to prepare arrived. Prepare for what? The
-United States of America. My God was it possible? Where were they? But
-it was so, and a better Christmas present would have been hard to find.
-This was our second Christmas in the army, and apparently it was to be
-our last. Cheers! The occasion however recalled a remark attributed
-to General Pershing in August as follows: “Hell, Heaven or Hoboken by
-Christmas.” He was right, and we got seats at the first show on his
-list.
-
-On January 3rd 1919, the Brigade was ordered to Bordeaux for
-transportation to the United States, and on January 8th it entrained
-at Bannoncourt. It was hoped by all that we would return to our old
-billets,--but no, they took us back to that Godforsaken Camp de Souge.
-We arrived January 11th. However it would not be for long and we were
-on our way home. All were cheerful,--some artificially so. Little did
-we realize that it was to be a stay of three long months and that we
-would be allowed to amuse ourselves with skinning mules and guard duty.
-Looking backwards we can laugh, but I doubt if we could have done so
-at the time had we known how long it was to be. On February 4th the
-General and some of his staff sailed from Genecart on the “Matsonia”.
-This was encouraging; we would follow soon, but we did not. However on
-March 18th we moved to Pauillac, about twenty-five miles down the river
-from Bordeaux, where there are docks and delousing plants.
-
-And on April 13th we sailed for Boston on the “Santa Rosa”. And here I
-must leave, for it is the author’s desire that this little sketch be
-ready when the brigade lands.
-
-And what has it all amounted to? To many at first thought it has been
-but a year and a half taken out of their lives. But let us consider
-for a second. Here was every American energy bent for the first time
-to the accomplishment of a single purpose. The individual and his
-every interest was sacrificed for a great cause. We learned that there
-was something bigger than self and more worth while. We learned to
-appreciate our vast country as we should have been able to do in no
-other way.
-
- “NOT WHAT WE DID,
- BUT WHAT WE WERE WILLING TO DO.”
-
-
-
-
-INDIVIDUAL SERVICE RECORD
-
-
-
-
-AUTOGRAPHS
-
-
-
-
-FOOTNOTES:
-
-
-[A] Kitchen Police.
-
-[B] The 346th and 347th regiments were temporarily brigaded with us for
-administrative purposes.
-
-[C] Poste de Commande
-
-[D] The Eiffel Tower was known among the operators as “Ethel”.
-
-
-
-
-TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:
-
-
-Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_.
-
-Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
-
-Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized.
-
-Archaic or variant spelling has been retained.
-
-
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY
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-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The 151st Field Artillery Brigade, by Richard M. Russell</p>
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
-at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
-are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The 151st Field Artillery Brigade</p>
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Richard M. Russell</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: June 15, 2022 [eBook #68324]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
- <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE ***</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter hide"><img src="images/coversmall.jpg" width="450" alt="" /></div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<h1>THE 151st FIELD ARTILLERY<br />
-BRIGADE</h1>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_003.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Major-General Wm. S. McNair</span></p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_title.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-</div>
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="titlepage">
-<p class="ph2">THE<br />
-151st FIELD ARTILLERY<br />
-BRIGADE</p>
-
-<p>BY<br />
-
-<span class="large">RICHARD M. RUSSELL</span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_titlelogo.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p><span class="large">THE CORNHILL COMPANY</span><br />
-
-BOSTON</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p class="center">
-Copyright, 1919, by<br />
-<span class="smcap">The Cornhill Company</span></p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2 class="nobreak">TO MY OLD COMRADES</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-<p><span class="smcap">If</span> you find in the pages that follow anything to
-amuse or interest you and yours, thank Mrs.
-William S. McNair, Major Swift, Captain Converse
-and Lieutenant Clement, to whom the author is
-indebted for the information herein contained.</p>
-
-<p class="right">R. M. R.</p>
-
-
-
-<p><i>Boston, April 25, 1919.</i></p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<p class="ph2">THE 151st FIELD ARTILLERY<br />
-BRIGADE</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span>
-<p class="ph2">The 151st Field Artillery<br />
-Brigade</p>
-
-<hr class="tiny" />
-<h2 class="nobreak">INTRODUCTION</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="smcap">In</span> writing this brief sketch of the Brigade from its
-inception to its final mustering out of the service, it
-has not been my aim to account in any way for all the
-days and nights which have elapsed during that period.
-Memories fond or hateful to some of us would not
-be very interesting to the rest. Looking backward
-from the point of view of the Brigade as a unit, many
-of those days were so monotonously alike that an attempt
-to account for all would lead to idle repetition.
-Well I realize that every one of them stands for something
-important in the career of some one man; perhaps
-his first tour of guard duty, or his first ride, a
-close call, a bawling out, something accomplished,
-something learnt. But I have not time, space nor
-knowledge to write these details. If, however, by my
-generalities I can so picture our life at Devens and
-after that this little book will recall to its readers those
-things I have omitted, it will have served its purpose.</p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span>
-
-<p class="ph2">THE 151st BRIGADE</p>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak">I. CAMP DEVENS</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="smcap">In</span> April, 1917, the United States declared war against
-Germany. It was no surprise, but what did it mean?
-For it is one thing to declare war and another to wage
-it. We had no army and no ships and three thousand
-miles of ocean lay between the Yankee and the Hun.
-We would of course lend money to our allies. Would
-we give them our men? The answer, thank God, was
-the draft law which put into being the greatest democratic
-institution of our country,—the National Army.</p>
-
-<p>Early in the fall of 1917, men from every walk of
-life, from every corner of every state, thronged to
-the huge, ugly, but business-like cantonments which
-had grown up, like the mushroom over night. These
-men, scientifically chosen, for their physique, mentality,
-character and patriotism, were as diversified in
-their civil life and occupations as men can be, but
-they had one thing in common: ignorance of the military.
-This and the single purpose that brought them
-there, welded them together. If Germany scorned our
-declaration of war, she must have sung another tune
-as she watched us prepare to wage it.</p>
-
-<p>Camp Devens, Massachusetts, was the rendez-vous
-for New England’s Yankees. They were the personnel
-of the first of the National Army Divisions, the
-Seventy-Sixth.</p>
-
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span>The Divisional Artillery was to consist of the 301st,
-the 302nd, and 303rd regiments, Colonels Brooke,
-Craig and Conklin respectively commanding. Thus
-it was that the 151st Field Artillery Brigade was born,
-and with what promise! Maine, New Hampshire,
-Vermont and Massachusetts furnished the quota, with
-many a generation of fighting ancestors behind them
-and traditions of battles won, not only in war but in
-every field of human endeavor.</p>
-
-<p>Was it strange then that Major-General William S.
-McNair, then Brigadier-General, shortly after he took
-command in December of that year said that he felt
-as proud as the young mother when she sees her first
-born take its first four steps?</p>
-
-<p>Those early months found us awkward and nearly
-as helpless as the infant to which the General referred,
-but men and officers alike were using this time to
-advantage; both had to adapt themselves to new ways
-of thinking and living, and even the language of the
-army was as strange to us then as was French when
-we finally got to France.</p>
-
-<p>It was perhaps at this time more than any other,
-that we had cause to be thankful to the General,
-Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels for their able and
-generous assistance in getting the younger officers over
-those first hurdles. Let us here extend our utmost
-appreciation to Lieutenant Colonels Rehkopf, Danforth
-and Stopford whose loss to the Brigade we have
-had many an occasion to regret. But they like many<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span>
-others of our best were called upon to take bigger jobs
-where they could be of even greater value to the
-country all were now serving.</p>
-
-<p>In many respects those days were the hardest of
-all; everything was strange. For a time, standing in
-line hour after hour was an interesting novelty and
-gave the ever-present jester an opportunity to exercise
-his wit; so with the drills. But human beings, particularly
-the Yankee variety, adapt themselves quickly
-to their surroundings. Standing in line a couple of
-hours for a pair of shoes or a cup of soup ceases
-eventually to be an interesting novelty. And when the
-soup so acquired is knocked from your hand by an
-over zealous companion and soils the uniform you
-must keep clean, you may perhaps forgive him and
-laugh; but all that is funny therein is almost sure to
-occur to your fertile mind and keen sense of humor
-the first time it happens. Repetition is superfluous.</p>
-
-<p>Being herded together, seeing the same man on either
-side of you every day and all day, having to do what
-you are told day and night, has but limited charms for
-the independent citizen of America. Thoughts were
-turned, first backward, to the days when we had been
-individuals instead of a mite of a cog in a great machine,
-and then forward, with the inevitable question:
-how long was it all to last? We would have been
-homesick, desperately so, but there was no time. A
-bugle broke our sleep when it was still dark. Another
-summoned us to a formation before it was physically<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span>
-possible to get dressed, from which we were marched
-to breakfast. A whistle, followed by the First Sergeant’s
-“Fall Out”, arrested the first mouthful and
-told us we would not have time to wash mess kits
-before policing. Policing was followed by inspection,
-where the Captain would bawl us out for the condition
-of those same wretched mess kits. Inspection was
-followed by physical exercises; physical exercises by
-foot drill, foot drill by a hike, the hike by mess. In
-the afternoon we rehearsed the events of the morning.
-Supper was followed by school, then taps, then bed,
-then reveille. To-day is a repetition of yesterday,
-to-morrow will be a repetition of to-day. But to-day
-we are not going to be bawled out for dirty mess kits,
-we wash them and are late for policing; the First
-Sergeant puts us in the kitchen for a week and we
-learn the meaning of K. P.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> We are soon repentant
-and resolve to be on time to formation. This is the
-school of the Rookie and this is how he learns the
-impossible. “Take therefore no thought for the morrow,
-for the morrow shall take thought for the things
-of itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.”</p>
-
-<p>The next quota of men come into camp; we have
-graduated; they are the rookies; we are the soldiers;
-we laugh; they look puzzled.</p>
-
-<p>Then came the winter, and what a winter! Arthur
-Mometer said it was zero hour all the time. Of course<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span>
-he did not know. He was a Rookie, but somehow it
-didn’t make it any warmer nor the snow less deep.
-We shovelled snow and froze doing it, we had exercises
-and we froze doing that, we drilled with the
-same result. Live horses took the place of those
-ever-to-be-remembered wooden monstrosities. We
-groomed them and they bit us. We exercised them
-and they kicked us. But we got hard and we got
-health and we became soldiers. Individuality was
-superseded by discipline.</p>
-
-<p>About this time a touch of war and Hun Hellishness
-was brought home to us. William S. McNair, Colonel
-of the 6th Field Artillery was promoted in France
-and ordered to America to command our Brigade.
-Accordingly he left France on the U. S. S. “Antilles”.
-At about 6.45 in the morning of October 17th a German
-submarine succeeded in torpedoing his boat. She
-sank immediately with the loss of about 65 lives. The
-General was in the water for some three quarters of
-an hour, when he was taken into a life boat. Six hours
-later one of the convoy, the Morgan yacht “Corsair”
-returned from trying to find the submarine and took
-aboard all the survivors. They returned to France
-and two weeks later the General again sailed for home
-on the transport “Tenadores”. The “Tenadores” has
-since been sunk by a mine, but happily for the Brigade
-it was not on this voyage.</p>
-
-<p>Christmas came and with it the joy of home for a
-few, but the majority of the men must stay in camp.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span>
-It was all part of the great task we had undertaken.
-We accepted it as such. Transportation was not available
-to move our now vast army to its homes. We
-made merry, or rather, we did better than that; we
-pretended to make merry. We sang the songs we had
-rehearsed for the occasion. It was a holiday. There
-were no drills. We had time to think. We can be
-honest now. Our thoughts were not those of the
-schoolboy on his holiday with his plans for stockings
-and Christmas tree, dinner and stomach ache. They
-were far-away thoughts of things, once commonplace
-and taken for granted, now suddenly and forever
-dearer than life itself; things which in fact made life
-worth while. Home, loved, of course, but so much a
-part of us that we had grown to accept it as a matter
-of right. But strangely enough our thoughts carried
-us farther. We found that we were longing for the
-little individual problems of our daily routine in the
-past,—problems that had once perplexed and annoyed
-us we now craved as a hungry man craves food.</p>
-
-<p>Months slipped by, and with them the winter.
-Spring rumors of France took the place of winter
-rumors, but the warm weather and a few guns found
-us ready for the real work of artillerymen. Reveille
-was an hour earlier and retreat an hour later. But
-we were up hours before reveille with a call to stables
-followed by boots and saddles. We hitched the horses
-to the guns in the darkness, that we might get all the
-daylight on the range. A runaway was not an unusual<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span>
-diversion. But as we had become fit, so did the horses.
-Every day saw men and horses in better condition and
-better trained. Team work and order was taking the
-place of individual endeavor and chaos. A machine
-with intelligence was in the making, and results were
-beginning to assert themselves. Each cog was finding
-its place and taking hold with a will. A sharp command
-in the crisp air put the works instantly in motion,
-where a month before explanations, demonstrations,
-repeated attempts and failures had only succeeded in
-getting parts of our engine to function. Now the gears
-were adjusted, we needed but to limber them up and
-oil the parts. An occasional “Well Done” would take
-the place of continuous reprimand. We became proud
-of ourselves and our organization. A healthy spirit
-of rivalry stalked abroad. We were the <i>best</i> section
-in the <i>best</i> battery, and of course our regiment was
-the <i>best</i> in the Brigade, if not in the army! Officers
-were proud of their men, and the men were proud of
-the officers. Each began to know the other, his powers
-and his limitations. Sympathy took the place of misunderstanding
-and surliness.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_019.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Colonel Geo. M. Brooke</span></p>
-
-<p>So on the range, the officers acquired the theoretical
-elements of artillery firing. They learnt to figure their
-data with accuracy and to convey it to their batteries
-in terse and comprehensive commands. The men in
-their turn were seeing the purpose of the monotonous
-daily drills of the six months past and the value of
-team work. They acquired an intimate knowledge of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span>
-the pieces they were serving; the delicacy of the
-mechanism and the consequent necessity for accurate
-laying. They responded with alacrity to the orders
-of their superiors, and the guns responded to the
-slightest touch of the crews. All were alert, smart,
-prompt,—officers and men alike, fascinated with the
-possibilities of the game they were rapidly learning to
-play. Even the details, after months of labor, became
-proficient at the wig wag, semaphore, buzzer, map-making
-and sketching; in short, all of those things
-which we discovered later, played such an important
-part in winning the war.</p>
-
-<p>So when the government inspectors began to look us
-over and rumors flew faster, we were not found wanting.
-The wheels were oiled and the spirit was there.</p>
-
-<p>But here I am rudely stopped by the adjutant of the
-301st who says we can’t leave Devens without a Horse
-Show. Of course he is right. It can’t be done, although
-it does seem tough after having oiled the wheels
-to such perfection. However what must be done shall
-be done gracefully; so thought Captain Page at the
-second hurdle where he decided to make the rest of
-the trip on his ear.</p>
-
-<p>And the horses, too, grasped the spirit. Like many
-people they enjoyed the show from without the ring
-better than within it. Some came on the scene with
-dignity, only to bolt the next minute, not to reappear.
-Some merely confounded their riders by refusing
-jumps, while others were unmannered enough to refuse<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span>
-to show. For all that, it was a Horse Show and
-one of which to be proud.</p>
-
-<p>Since ceremonies are in order, let us not forget the
-prayer which took place one memorable day on the
-Parade Ground with the entire Division drawn up for
-the occasion. Here a horse also figured,—the Division
-Adjutant’s. As the parson began to pray, the horse
-started to jump and those who were nearest insisted
-that the adjutant outdid the parson. I will not say,
-for I could hear the adjutant and I could not hear
-the parson. This was the last time the Division was
-together as a unit.</p>
-
-<p>One day toward the end of June a long train was
-spotted in the quartermaster yards. Trucks were soon
-busy carrying officers, men and their baggage in that
-direction. Of course, nobody knew that an advance
-party of some hundred officers and three hundred men
-had been secretly ordered to report to the Commanding
-General, Port of Embarkation, New York, for
-transportation overseas. On June 27th they sailed on
-the British liner “Justicia”, which was sunk on her
-return trip. But the American soldier is no fool. He
-has learnt to keep his eyes open and his mouth shut,
-to believe about half he sees and nothing he hears.
-He was more sure now that the Division was about
-to sail for France than if he had read it in every newspaper
-in the United States.</p>
-
-<p>In another two weeks rumors were forgotten. On
-July 10th the Division was ordered overseas. This<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span>
-was fact. The air was charged with excitement, which
-however found its expression in orderly and untiring
-hustle and bustle. Men, animals and transportation
-were all worked overtime, but even balky army trucks
-seemed to go for once with a will. The labors of the
-last ten months were not to be in vain. We were to
-have a chance to practise what we had learnt and perhaps
-to show the Hun a few tricks of his own game.</p>
-
-<p>The Artillery were the last to leave. It was not a
-difficult task. We were to receive our materiel in
-France. Individual equipment only was to accompany
-the troops, for we had nothing else. The few guns
-we drilled with were out of date and not used abroad.
-The 302nd, and 303rd regiments were already motorized
-on paper, so horses were no longer needed for
-them, but the 301st must have shed bitter tears for
-the beautiful animals they had spent so much time and
-energy to condition and train.</p>
-
-<p>Twenty-eight lieutenants of the 302nd left ahead of
-their regiment and sailed from Boston on the
-“Katoomba” which touched at Halifax on its way to
-Liverpool.</p>
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak">II. OVERSEAS</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Of</span> that last journey from Devens to Boston on July
-15th there is nothing to chronicle. We were again
-for that brief period of time individuals. Thought
-and not action crowded the hour. And what a curious
-collection of thoughts they were. Each was absorbed
-with the things nearest and dearest, soon to be far
-away. But there were other, exciting thoughts. We
-were on our way! What boats were to carry us? The
-sea! What were we going to accomplish? And that
-far-away France,—what was it like? And war, what
-was it like? Would we come back?</p>
-
-<p>The train stopped. “Fall out”. There was a
-scramble for one’s possessions, followed by another
-for our places on the platform. We were marched on
-board and to our bunks, where we left our belongings
-and hastened on deck. All was again hustle and excitement.
-The gang planks were lowered, the hawsers
-dropped. The whistles were blowing and we were off
-for France,—off for the war, July 16th, 1918.</p>
-
-<p>Our boat was the “Winifredian”. Soon we were
-absorbed in our surroundings. There were twenty-three
-ships in our convoy, curious in their camouflage,
-but then all was strange to most of us, who were
-not used to ocean liners. And the harbor had its
-fascinations. Comparatively speaking we were men<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span>
-of leisure. Jest once more asserted itself. Our
-quarters while not altogether to our taste, like most
-other things in the army would have to do, since there
-was no alternative. We turned in and strangely
-enough we slept.</p>
-
-<p>Then sounded that good old familiar bugle with
-the good old familiar:</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="first">“<i>We can’t get ’em up,</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up,</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up in the morning;</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up,</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up,</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up at all.</i>”</div>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>Where were we? Oh yes! On our way to France.
-We dressed hurriedly and got up on deck. The convoy
-was still there but not all of it. Four ships had
-disappeared and various theories were propounded.
-But just as the official dopster had got them well
-sunk by a submarine and was counting the casualties,
-it was announced that they had put into Halifax. Apparently
-the convoy was too large and unwieldy, so
-four boats had to drop out, one of which was the
-“Novara” with the 301st on board. However the
-other two regiments were still in the convoy and we
-proceeded on our way. We had boat drill and we
-wore life preservers, and we got rather bored with
-both. As for guard duty and setting up exercises they
-bored us eight months before. Seasickness is preferable<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span>
-to either, and there were a good many of us sick.</p>
-
-<p>While we were sailing merrily across the North
-Atlantic, the 301st had disembarked at Halifax and
-was playing with the Canadian troops there and thereabouts.
-But it was only for a week, when they were
-again on their way, this time on the “Abinsi”.</p>
-
-<p>As the 301st left Canada, the other two regiments
-landed in England, one at Liverpool, another at Bristol,
-and Brigade Headquarters at Avonmouth on July 31st.</p>
-
-<p>The next novelty was the English railway carriage
-or coach, as they call it. It was the latest model limousine
-with side entrances and compartments. We
-tried them and landed at Camp Mornhill near Winchester,
-where we found the twenty-eight officers of
-the 302nd who had sailed from Boston just ahead
-of us. A week later the 301st came to Winchester,
-but they had become somewhat exclusive in Canada
-and so on August eighth they went to Romsey instead
-of our camp. Winchester apparently produces a good
-deal of mud and a lot of rain. At any rate it was not
-sufficiently alluring to detain us for long. We proceeded
-to Southampton. “I say does it always rain
-here?” But before our British friend got around to
-answering us we were again on the move,—this time
-to a Channel steamer, and France. So we were really
-going to France and the war, and not for a tour of
-the world.</p>
-
-<p>On August 3rd the steamer that took Brigade Headquarters
-and the 303rd across the English Channel, or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span>
-La Manche as the French call it, was one of our
-own,—and hence, a good boat. She used to run between
-Boston and New York, and her name used to
-be “The Yale”. Than which there is but one better:
-“The Harvard”. The 302nd crossed on her the next
-day.</p>
-
-<p>The 301st was still about a week behind the rest of
-the Brigade. They sailed from Southampton on August
-14th and also landed at Le Havre.</p>
-
-<p>“So this is Frogland! Look at the frogs,—wooden
-shoes and all! Even the little children speak French
-here.” But they did not give us time to get acquainted.
-Again we were off, this time on a French train. They
-have them like the British, but this one looked like
-the variety we used to play with as kids, only each
-car says on the outside “40 Hommes, 8 Chevaux.” We
-knew not what it meant but the stench was
-indicative.</p>
-
-<p>Two days got us to Bordeaux. We arrived on
-August 6th and Brigade Headquarters was established
-on August 7th at Gradignan in a very attractive villa
-with beautiful grounds. The 301st also established
-Headquarters at Gradignan, on August 17th, and billeted
-their men in the village. You will notice that
-here they were more than a week behind us. They
-account for this by an aeroplane attack at Rouen. The
-302nd was billeted in two little villages, Ville Nave
-and Pont de la Maye, a few kilometres from Brigade
-Headquarters. The 301st Ammunition Train was at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span>
-Cadaujac.</p>
-
-<p>We seemed doomed to lose a regiment. At Havre
-the 303rd was ordered to Clermont Ferrand for its
-training.</p>
-
-<p>While the regiments were en route from the United
-States to France, the Advance Schools Detachment of
-the Brigade were wandering over Europe. From
-Liverpool they went to Southampton and Le Havre,
-then to Le Valdahon near the Swiss border. There
-they spent a couple of weeks and saw some American
-artillery training and a few Hun planes. From Le
-Valdahon the contingent from the 303rd went to
-Clermont and those of the other two regiments went
-to Souge, near Bordeaux.</p>
-
-<p>It was about this time that we were informed that
-we were no longer a part of the 76th Division, but
-were to be a Brigade of Corps Artillery. It did not
-cause many tears as the 76th was already doing duty
-as a replacement division with no chance of going to
-the front as a unit. Our tables of organization were
-changed accordingly and we were rapidly equipped for
-duty in our new capacity. The 303rd regiment was
-issued G. P. F.s, the famous French 155 m. m. long
-rifle with a range of about 17,000 metres. The 301st
-got the world renowned French 75, the best known
-gun of the war, and the 302nd got American 4.7 rifles
-about which nothing was known.</p>
-
-<p>While in Gradignan and vicinity our days consisted
-largely in getting acquainted with our new guns. We<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span>
-also learnt French and paraded. Some of our number
-were detailed to join the Advanced Schools Detachment
-at Camp de Souge, August 14th.</p>
-
-<p>On August 25th the London Evening Mail published
-the news of General NcNair’s promotion. We were
-of course glad of the obviously merited reward, but
-selfishly would rather have had it otherwise, for of
-course he would cease to be our Brigade commander.
-However, at the time we consoled ourselves with the
-thought that he might command the Corps artillery of
-which we would be a part. That night there was a
-dinner and celebration at Brigade Headquarters. The
-scene was picturesque and one to be remembered. The
-French Mayors of the villages where our troops were
-billeted were invited and came. The meal was served
-on the lawn under a huge tree in those beautiful gardens.
-A hundred yards down the lawn through the
-trees we could see the 301st band, conducted by Lieutenant
-Keller. They played as even they had never
-played before. The villagers, hearing the music,
-flocked to the gates and the General sent word to the
-guard that the sentries were to let them in. In they
-came and went straight to the music. Sitting on the
-lawn they made a huge circle around the band, and
-gave our Headquarters a very festive appearance. It
-was a rare occasion for them. Lovers of music that
-they were, it was seldom that they had an opportunity
-to hear it. Their own bands had long been busy
-nearer the front.</p>
-
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span>On September 5th and 8th the two regiments, 302nd
-and 301st respectively, moved to Souge for the final
-six weeks firing before going to the front. We made
-the trip, some twenty miles, with our own transportation.
-Brigade Headquarters was established at the
-camp on September 8th and the Ammunition Train
-moved in the same day.</p>
-
-<p>Souge is located in the middle of a sand desert at
-the end of the world. As far as you can see there
-is not a landmark to relieve the monotony. It is as
-flat as a table all the way to the sea, some twenty-five
-miles distant. As Major Hadley of the 301st remarked:
-“It is a nice beach but where is the water?”
-Souge may best be described as follows,—a camp some
-two miles long of ramshackle, broken down, foul
-smelling barracks in the middle of the desert which
-was to be our range. Flies, sand, dust and heat were
-in abundance, as were dysentery and the “Flu” at
-times. The flies were like ours except larger, more
-abundant and infinitely more obnoxious. As one of
-our men wrote home, he was in the hospital as a result
-of having been kicked by a fly.</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="verse"><i>Of all the camps in the A. E. F.</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>Whether S. O. S. or zone of Advance,</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>You will cuss until you’re out of breath</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>This Camp de Souge in France.</i></div>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>But there we were. We ate the dust, we killed flies
-and we sweat in the sweltering heat, as we pulled<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span>
-guns, trucks and tractors through that damnable sand.</p>
-
-<p>On September 21st the long dreaded orders for
-Major-General McNair arrived and with them Secretary
-of War Baker, General Tasker Bliss and a flock
-of Major Generals and Brigadiers. That same day
-he relinquished the command to Brigadier-General
-Richmond P. Davis and left camp to take command
-of the Artillery of the First Army.</p>
-
-<p>The finishing touches were applied. We were inspected.
-We passed our examinations and were ready
-for the front. When would the orders come? There
-were already rumors of peace,—were we to miss the
-party after a year and a half of preparation? The
-thought was nauseating, but we stuck to our work.
-We knew our Brigade Commander was a hustler. We
-could see it, and General McNair had said so. Confidence
-ran high.</p>
-
-<p>We had an abundance of ammunition and General
-Davis ordered a problem to cover three days. The
-guns were to go into position at night and without
-lights; they did. We established communication by
-telephone, radio and projector, and maintained
-it. Conversation was in code and cypher. We
-were to fire an offensive barrage over the infantry; it
-was done. The infantry called for a defensive barrage
-at 11.40 at night; it was layed before the rocket
-burst.</p>
-
-<p>Altogether in this problem of four regiments the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span>
-75s fired about 6,000 rounds and the 4.7s about 600.<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p>
-
-<p>In the meantime it rained, or rather poured. The
-heavens were trying to make good for the past six
-months of inaction,—they did. Or perhaps it was the
-302nd weeping for the now certain loss of Colonel
-Craig. He had received his promotion and it was only
-a question of time before his orders would arrive.
-Loved and respected by all who knew him, he was to
-leave a vacancy hard to fill. His officers gave him a
-dinner in Bordeaux on October 7th.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span>
-<h2 class="nobreak">III. THE FRONT</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="smcap">It</span> was while our problem was in progress that General
-Davis and part of his staff left for the front,
-October 11th. A few days later, on October 17th, he
-was followed by the rest of his staff. So the regiments
-polished and oiled their materiel and entrained at the
-camp for God-knows-where. One thing was certain
-and that was we were going forward and not back,
-for from Bordeaux it takes a boat to go in the latter
-direction. It was at this time that we knew definitely
-that the 301st was to leave the Brigade. It was to be
-army artillery and received different orders, confirming
-our fears when it was detached by telegraphic
-order of October 2nd.</p>
-
-<p>Hardly had the General with a few members of his
-staff arrived at the front when a stray shell killed his
-aide, Lieutenant W. B. Dixon, Jr., October 19th, 1918.
-He was buried with military honors where he fell near
-Bouillonville. He had been with us but a few days,
-but such was his personality and charm that he had
-become as closely identified with the Brigade as the
-oldest member of the staff. His death was a personal
-loss to every one of us.</p>
-
-<p>Brigade Headquarters was established at St. Mihiel,
-Meuse, October 19th, 1918, and the entries in the official
-War Diary begin. I have the diary before me as<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span>
-I write, and I feel that I cannot do better than take the
-information therein practically word for word as it
-was recorded each day from October 19th to November
-11th.</p>
-
-<p>The famous salient of St. Mihiel had been wiped
-out a month before. Having held it successfully for
-four long years, the Germans considered their lines
-there impenetrable; but it took the Yankees just two
-short days, September 12th and 13th to reduce that
-four years’ work to nothing, and on our side of the
-balance sheet now stood several thousand prisoners
-and a few hundred guns. It had happened a month
-before, but the battle fields were still fresh with Hun
-relics and ruins, and one had but to see to know that
-Heine and Fritz had lost no time in their departure.
-Everywhere ammunition dumps and other stores were
-left untouched by the fleeing foe.</p>
-
-<p>October 19th the 151st Field Artillery Brigade, less
-one regiment (the 301st) was attached to the 2nd
-Colonial Corps (French) of the Second Army,
-A. E. F., as corps artillery, with its rail head at Sorcy
-and its Refilling Point at Woinville. The zones and
-mission of the Brigade were assigned. In a general
-way our sector extended from Bonzee to Vigneulles.
-The line in this sector ran roughly northwest to southeast,
-the Germans holding the villages of Ville en
-Woevre, Pintheville, Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire,
-Doncourt and Woel.</p>
-
-<p>October 21st was devoted to reconnaissance. The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span>
-commanding officer, Colonel Conklin of the 303rd
-F. A. and staff arrived. An air raid by the enemy
-occurred at 7.00 p. m. They are all alike. This is
-what happens. Delicate instruments more sensitive
-than the human ear detect the sound of the aeroplane’s
-engines at a great distance. These instruments are
-placed at intervals along the lines at what are known
-as listening posts or stations. Directly an enemy plane
-is detected, its whereabouts and direction are telephoned
-to the areas behind. There, the fact is announced
-by a bugle call, followed by rattles, sirens
-and every other variety of music. This is the first
-you know of the “ships that pass in the night.” There
-is a scramble for the nearest abri, otherwise known
-as bomb-proof or dug-out. You stumble and fall down
-a flight of steps and find yourself from twenty to forty
-feet below ground. It is dark, and the air is damp and
-smells vilely. There are from fifty to a hundred other
-humans in this subterranean tomb, some lie down,
-prepared to spend the night, others, half-clad, shiver
-and wait. Then out of the distance you hear a faint
-humming as of insects in summer. It grows louder.
-It is the engines of the enemy’s planes. Suddenly Hell
-is torn loose. The anti-aircraft guns or Archies, as
-the British call them, have opened fire from the
-ground. The planes return the compliment with bombs
-and machine guns. A boiler factory in your head
-would not be nearly so bad for your ears as the cracking
-and shrieking that takes place. As suddenly as it<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span>
-started it ceases. All is quiet. We go about our duties
-or sleep, as the case may be, until the next raid occurs.
-If it is a clear night and the planes are likely to return,
-there are many who prefer to stay in the dug-out and
-make a night of it there rather than spend the time
-until morning running back and forth.</p>
-
-<p>October 22nd the work of reconnaissance for battery
-positions and P. C.s<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> continued. More enemy
-planes were seen over St. Mihiel. But this time it was
-broad daylight; they reconnoitered and took photographs,
-but there was no battle royal to disturb the
-peace. Suddenly little balls of cotton appeared about
-the plane. They were the bursts of some distant anti-aircraft
-battery trying to annoy the aviator.</p>
-
-<p>October 23rd the commanding officer (Colonel
-Platt) of the 302nd F. A. and staff arrived. In the
-afternoon enemy airplanes made a reconnaissance.
-The regimental advanced parties arrived.</p>
-
-<p>Reconnaissance was the chief work of the next few
-days. Lieutenant Colonel McCabe of the 302nd taking
-the area to the north of Bonzee. The Germans
-must have had the same idea, for enemy aircraft continued
-to pass over Headquarters.</p>
-
-<p>On October 28th the 33rd Division relieved the 79th
-Division in this sector, the 55th Field Artillery Brigade
-remaining in place, with its Headquarters at
-Troyon (P. C. Kilbreith).</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_037.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Brigadier-General Daniel F. Craig</span></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span>By November 1st all the battery positions and P.
-C.s were located and billets were obtained for the
-regiments. Colonel Platt of the 302nd F. A. chose
-some old German shelters near the one-time village of
-St. Remy for his P. C. His batteries were to be
-scattered through the Bois des Eparges, mostly to the
-north. The 3rd Battalion was to be behind the hills
-to the eastward. The country looked like pictures of
-the moon sometimes reproduced in scientific magazines
-because of interest but never on account of beauty.
-Once there had been woods; now there was hardly a
-tree standing. All vegetation had been killed by gas
-and shell,—crater after crater gave mother earth a
-very diseased appearance. Here we spent our days
-and nights while the war lasted. Colonel Platt chose
-Rupt for his billets.</p>
-
-<p>Colonel Conklin in selecting his P. C. showed better
-taste. He found an old German Headquarters, built
-like a Swiss chalet in the heart of the woods and far
-away from harm. Here he settled comfortably, two
-kilometres to the northeast of Deuxnouds and just
-South of the Grande Tranchee de Calonne. He had
-but two battalions. The first he placed to the east
-of his P. C., the second about four kilometres to the
-north.</p>
-
-<p>This same day liaison was established with S. R. S.
-No. 3 American, and on November 2nd with S. R.
-O. T. Nos. 58 and 67.</p>
-
-<p>November 3rd the Brigade Headquarters detachment<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span>
-arrived and was billeted in St. Mihiel, and information
-was received that the 302nd F. A. had detrained
-at Dugny and was moving into Rupt en
-Woevre.</p>
-
-<p>November 4th information was received that the
-303rd F. A. had detrained at Dugny and was moving
-into Creue. The 3rd Battalion of the 303rd was assigned
-to the Fourth Army Corps.</p>
-
-<p>November 5th the Second Battalion of the 302nd
-reported its guns in position and ready to open fire.
-Hardly was this accomplished when the Huns began
-to give them a taste of gas, over 3,000 rounds being
-reported. One gun of Battery B, 303 F. A. was reported
-to be in position. The Brigade was detached
-from the 2nd C. A. C. (French), and was put under
-the command of the 17th C. A. (French).</p>
-
-<p>November 6th one gun of the 303rd F. A. was ready
-to fire at midnight and the other guns were being
-moved up as fast as the positions were constructed.</p>
-
-<p>From 10.00 p. m. November 6th to 2.00 p. m. November
-7th, about 3,000 gas shells, mostly mustard,
-fell near B and F Batteries of the 302nd F. A., but
-though other artillery units nearby had a number of
-men gassed, the 302nd F. A. had no casualties, thanks
-to strict and effectual gas discipline.</p>
-
-<p>In the vicinity of P. C. Gross, Second Battalion of
-the 303d, about two hundred gas and high explosive
-shells fell, also without casualties.</p>
-
-<p>In the afternoon Field Order No. 1 was issued directing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span>
-the 302nd to deliver harassing fire during the
-night on Ville en Woevre and on the roads from that
-place to Braquis and Hennemont. The 303rd F. A.
-was to fire on Hennemont, Pareid, Maizeray and Moulotte.
-At 6.10 the orders were changed by telephone
-on account of later information, with the result that
-the 302nd F. A. took under fire two additional targets,
-which were identified only by their coordinates. The
-303rd fired at Pareid and Moulotte and on a battery
-in the Bois de Harville.</p>
-
-<p>On the night of November 6th and 7th, in a two
-company infantry raid with artillery support against
-the Chateau d’Ardnois, one German officer and twenty-two
-men were captured and from ten to fourteen
-killed. Our own casualties were slight. There was
-very little enemy artillery fire during the day. At
-9.15 however, on the night of November 7th, the
-operations officer of the 55th Field Artillery Brigade
-at P. C. Kilbreith reported heavy shelling by the
-enemy of Fresnes en Woevre. This village was now
-strongly held by our troops, and it was thought that
-the German fire was in retaliation for the raid. Our
-Sound Ranging Section S. R. S. No. 3 had located
-the enemy batteries that were executing the fire and
-we were asked for neutralization at the earliest possible
-moment. This order was sent to the 303rd F. A.
-by courier and telephone. At 11.00 a. m. the enemy
-having ceased his fire, the 303rd F. A. was ordered
-to discontinue firing. Field Order No. 2 was then<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span>
-issued authorizing the 303rd F. A. to fire at once for
-neutralization upon any enemy battery reported in
-action beyond Maizeray. In the meantime Major
-Hadley’s Battalion of the 302nd F. A. was fired upon
-by the enemy with gas shells. Captain Lefferts was
-the only casualty.</p>
-
-<p>On November 8th two strong patrols of our infantry,
-sent early in the morning to the Bois de Harville
-and St. Hilaire, brought back three prisoners. The
-33rd Division reported considerable harassing fire
-about Les Eparges and Saulx en Woevre, with some
-interdiction fire on the villages at the base of the hills.
-The total was about 3,000 rounds. This was the first
-day that the air was clear enough for the G. P. F.s
-to register, and Colonel Conklin registered on Joinville.
-Shortly after 4.00 o’clock, Balloon No. 22 reported
-two batteries firing. They were given to the
-303rd F. A. for immediate neutralization. In the
-meantime, orders had been sent out for the night’s
-firing, the targets assigned to the 303rd F. A. being
-two batteries of 105 howitzers in the Bois de Harville
-and the towns Maizeray and Butgneville. The 302nd
-F. A. was given the Pintheville-Maizeray road, the
-Pintheville-Pareid road, Maizeray, Butgneville and
-St. Hilaire, the latter being the most important. The
-fire was to stop at 3.00 a. m. to permit an infantry
-raid to go into St. Hilaire and the vicinity. These
-orders, sent by telephone and courier, were in response
-to a request for help from the Divisional Artillery.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span>
-They were followed by a Memorandum to the regiments
-designating the zones in which, after the start
-of the infantry raid on November 9th, it would not
-be safe for them to fire without express authority.</p>
-
-<p>On November 9th a change of organization occurred
-as a result of the removal of a large part of the French
-Artillery from the sector. The two batteries which
-were left,—one of 120 long and one of 155 long,—were
-taken over by General Davis and assigned to
-the command of Colonel Platt of the 302nd F. A. in
-what then became known as the Groupment Platt.
-General Davis thus became Commander of the Corps
-Artillery of the sector.</p>
-
-<p>Early in the morning of this same day, a request
-was received from the infantry through the Operations
-Officer of the 55th Field Artillery Brigade for help
-in a raid. It appeared that lack of ammunition for
-the Divisional artillery threatened to deprive the infantry
-of much needed artillery assistance. Orders
-were issued for concentration fire between 2.00 and
-5.00 a. m. on Maizeray, Butgneville and St. Hilaire
-and between 5.00 and 6.45 a. m. on Maizeray and
-Butgneville. With the approval of Corps Artillery
-Headquarters the regiments were permitted to use
-ammunition beyond that authorized for daily expenditure.</p>
-
-<p>The strong reconnoitering patrols sent out by the
-33rd Division executed the raid on Marcheville. It
-was completely successful and resulted in the capture<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span>
-of eighty prisoners including three officers. Patrols
-near Pintheville and Riaville met strong resistance.
-At 3.50 p. m. an enemy barrage of about 4,000 shells
-was laid down between Fresnes and Wadonville, probably
-in retaliation for the raid of the previous night.
-Orders were issued that the regiments should fire at
-once on any batteries reported in action by the Sound
-Ranging Section (S. R. S. No. 3) and that every clear
-day should be utilized for registration. During the
-afternoon the 303rd F. A. was directed to fire on two
-batteries of 210 howitzers,—one near Labouville and
-the others northeast of Joinville,—and on a battery
-of medium calibre, just south of Moulotte.</p>
-
-<p>Late in the afternoon we were informed that an
-infantry raid would take place at H hour next morning
-on our front. The Groupment Platt were ordered
-to fire on Maizeray and on the road between
-Pintheville and Maizeray. The 303rd was to fire on
-Maizeray, Harville and the same stretch of road and
-on batteries reported firing from points back of Maizeray.
-The fire of both groups was to last for 105
-minutes after H hour and at 2.20 in the morning,
-notification was sent by courier to the commanding
-officers of the two regiments that H hour would be
-5.45 a. m.</p>
-
-<p>At 8.30 in the evening the General ordered a concentration
-by the 302nd F. A. on Riaville, Pintheville
-and the road connecting them, to be fired between midnight
-and 3 a. m. At 8.45, the 303rd F. A. was given<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span>
-counter-battery work in answer to a call from the
-Divisional Artillery Headquarters.</p>
-
-<p>Upon the change in organization mentioned above,
-the advanced location for our Brigade P. C. was fixed
-at Creue. The regiments were ordered to reconnoitre
-to find locations for at least some of their guns out
-on the Plain of Woevre where they would be able to
-reach some of the German long range artillery which
-had been bothering us, and also follow up the advance
-of our infantry for a long distance without changing
-position for a second time.</p>
-
-<p>On November 10th a general advance was ordered
-to begin at 7.00 a. m. but the order did not reach our
-Brigade. However, this information was obtained incidentally
-by the Brigade Commander, and at 10.40
-a. m. orders were issued for the regiments to provide
-advance telephone lines, with a view to establishing
-forward P. C.s. At the same time the Brigade P. C.
-was opened at Creue. A series of orders were issued
-over the telephone with reference to a change of positions
-by the 302nd F. A. and the 303rd F. A. and at
-11.48 we received orders from the corps that the 4.7
-regiment must advance as soon as possible. Orders
-were sent to them to complete all reconnaissance and
-prepare to move immediately. At 1.25 orders were
-received from the corps to move two batteries of the
-303rd F. A. with 400 rounds of ammunition at the tail
-of the main body of the 33rd Division in advance. It
-was thought that this was based on the supposition<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span>
-that the enemy was going to retire, which he had no
-intention of doing, as later developments showed.</p>
-
-<p>At 4.00 o’clock in the afternoon, word having been
-received that the country to the north and east of
-Bonzee was occupied by the enemy, an officer was sent
-to the 33rd Division occupying our sector and another
-to the 81st Division on our left to find out the true
-state of affairs. There proved to be no basis whatever
-for this report, as the 33rd Division was holding its
-forward line in great strength with a view to attacking
-on the morning of the 11th, and the 81st Division
-was also reinforced for a continuation of their attack,
-begun on the 10th.</p>
-
-<p>General Bailey, commanding the 81st Division and
-Colonel Roberts, Chief of Staff, urgently requested
-artillery help in their attack on Ville en Woevre, Hennemont
-and other points. The Brigade supported these
-attacks between 5.00 and 7.00.</p>
-
-<p>The commanding General of the 33rd Division, having
-received orders to advance, called for support from
-the Corps Artillery on Pintheville, Harville, Moulotte,
-Maizeray, Pareid and batteries in the Bois de Harville
-and elsewhere. This support was given between
-9.25 p. m. November 10th and 5.00 a. m. November
-11th.</p>
-
-<p>At 7.30 p. m. the 302nd F. A. was ordered to move
-one battalion into the advanced positions in the Plain
-of the Woevre and to have another battalion in motion
-so as to reach its advanced position on the 11th while<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span>
-the guns held in reserve were to continue the firing.
-One battalion, in accordance with these instructions,
-took position on the Plain of the Woevre near Tresauvaux,
-well in advance of the main body of the infantry
-and of the resistance line. It remained there overnight
-and until ordered to withdraw on the morning
-of the 11th, when news was received that the armistice
-had been signed.</p>
-
-<p>In the meantime, three guns of the 303rd F. A.
-were successfully moved into similar forward positions
-from which, if fighting had continued, they might
-have done highly effective work against some of the
-distance long range German guns, especially those that
-had been bothering St. Maurice, Thillot and other
-towns along the base of the hills. The Brigade fired
-736 rounds in the course of the day, against a number
-of different targets assigned from time to time by
-Brigade Headquarters, or reported direct to the regiments
-by the S. R. S.</p>
-
-<p>At about ten o’clock on the night of the 10th the
-French corps commander under whom we were serving,
-said he expected important news from the Eiffel
-Tower wireless station before morning. He asked
-Brigade Headquarters to notify him should our wireless
-pick up anything of interest. Taking the daily
-communiques from the Eiffel Tower had been part of
-our routine work, so the operators knew her<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> voice<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span>
-intimately. Accordingly they were not unduly surprised
-when she started her familiar squeak early on
-that historic morning. Received at 5.45 a. m. November
-11th, the message that the armistice had been
-signed and that hostilities were to cease at 11.00 a. m.
-was reported at the Brigade P. C., Creue, by telephone
-from the St. Mihiel Headquarters. To the credit of
-the Brigade let it be known that it was from our station
-that the news was given to the entire sector.</p>
-
-<p>The 33rd Division attacked at 5.00 a. m. Strong
-patrols sent out along the front captured three officers
-and eighty-three men. Infantry lines were established
-at the close of hostilities as follows: Chateau d’Aulnois,
-Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire, south of Butgneville,
-Bois de Harville thence southward to Ferma
-d’Hautes Journeux. These towns were taken on the
-morning of the 11th. It was a glorious piece of work
-but hardly worth the price in American life it involved.
-The Germans, pushed to the limit, made a last stubborn
-resistance and from behind their fortifications
-and barbed wire delivered a murderous fire on our
-troops with rear guard machine gun action from hidden
-nests. The battlefield as I saw it that afternoon,
-I shall not soon forget. There lay an American sergeant,
-where he had fallen, and behind him lay his
-men, not twenty yards from the German machine gun
-they were attacking. My thoughts were first of sorrow
-that these men should have made the supreme
-sacrifice in those last minutes of the great war. In<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span>
-those fine young faces still shone the joy of life, theirs
-but yesterday, when they had thought of home and all
-it held in store. But I read another story, that of
-peace, such as is only experienced after a hard struggle
-won and as I looked at the scene I felt a thrill of pride.
-What a sacrifice! but God, how gloriously made!</p>
-
-<p>The plans for the early morning attack contemplated
-prearranged firing by the Corps Artillery until 7.00
-a. m. Information that the Armistice had been signed
-having arrived at 5.45 a. m., the Heavy Artillery Commander
-at that hour ordered no more firing, unless
-urgently called for by some infantry unit which was
-in need of help or was being effectively shelled. The
-advance Brigade P. C. at Creue was closed at 11.00
-a. m. Ammunition had been brought up during the
-night and the corps artillery stood ready with some of
-its guns advanced beyond the main line of resistance,
-to support fully a further general infantry attack.</p>
-
-<p>At 10.55 on the morning of the Armistice, the 303rd
-Band at Creue played taps, then the Marseillaise, then
-the Star Spangled Banner and then Reveille. All that
-morning the artillery thundered and was still thundering
-when the music started. When it stopped, all was
-still.</p>
-
-<p>On the afternoon of November 12th I walked along
-our front between the lines. The stillness of peace
-was upon the earth where but yesterday the din of
-bloody battle reigned. Our lines were held by a series
-of sentries walking their posts as if on parade. Over<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span>
-yonder the Germans were doing likewise. The sun
-shone in gladness upon the scene. The air was crisp
-and the reliefs were gathering wood for their fires.
-As the shadows grew longer and the sun set in a blaze
-of glory, the figures of the sentries grew dim, but their
-positions became identified by the bonfires they had
-kindled which now alone marked the lines. As I
-turned to go, rockets once used to call for a barrage
-or as a warning of gas lit the sky. Thus ended the war.</p>
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak">SUMMARY</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="smcap">A resume</span> of the history of the 151st Field Artillery
-Brigade during its short term at the front shows a
-great variety of services and connections.</p>
-
-<p>Originally constituting a part of the Artillery of the
-Second Army, the Brigade was attached on its arrival
-in the zone of advance to the Second Colonial Corps
-of the French army in the Troyon sector, where it
-served under General Blondlat, Corps commander and
-General Jaquet, Chief of Artillery.</p>
-
-<p>The Second Colonial Corps was relieved by the 17th
-French Corps, General Hellot commanding, General
-Walch, Chief of Artillery. On October 29th, the
-Brigade came under their command.</p>
-
-<p>On November 13th the Brigade was assigned to the
-Fourth American Corps. When the Fourth Corps
-moved forward at 5.00 a. m., November 17th, the
-Brigade passed into the Second Army Reserve. When
-the regiments first came into the St. Mihiel sector, the
-infantry holding it were the 79th Division of the American
-Army, General Joseph E. Kuhn commanding;
-the 39th French Infantry Division and the 28th French
-Regiment of Dismounted Cavalry. On the 28th of
-October, however, the 79th was relieved by the 33rd
-American Division, General George Bell commanding.</p>
-
-<p>The 39th French Infantry Division and the 28th<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span>
-regiment of Dismounted Cavalry were withdrawn and
-the sector of the 17th Corps was from Vigneulles to
-Bonzee.</p>
-
-<p>The Corps Artillery, 151st Brigade and two batteries
-of French Artillery à Pied, covered the entire front
-of fifteen kilometres.</p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-
-<p>This is the story of our few days at the front before
-the Armistice, and this is what we did in the actual
-fighting.</p>
-
-<p>I have been obliged for lack of space and knowledge
-to omit those things most interesting to the individual—little
-incidentals, perhaps from the point of view of
-the rest of us, but to him they constituted the war,
-and always will. For this reason they will remain
-forever vivid pictures in his memory and are therefore
-not necessary to chronicle. At the same time it will
-do no harm to recall a few more facts and feelings that
-all in one way or another experienced during that
-momentous although brief period of our lives. Mud is
-perhaps the foremost to the author. But there were
-others. At night there was not a light as we stumbled
-and cursed, feeling our way in those ruined villages;
-automobiles and trucks travelled similarly without
-lights in the jet blackness, sometimes on the road but
-more often off it. And the drivers, let us not forget
-them and their troubles: the sinking feeling in the
-region of the stomach as the truck, laden to its limit<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span>
-with ammunition, would itself first sink and then stick
-in that sea of mud. Tired to the point of exhaustion,
-they would dig for hours and get out only to be in
-again a hundred yards down the road. Or perhaps
-Buddy, with his truck, would try to pull us out with
-the result that he too got stuck. Then there were the
-nights spent going into position where the impossible
-was often accomplished,—that was work such as few
-outside of the army will experience,—but it was exciting
-and it was necessary, and that explains how it
-was done. Following this were the nights spent in
-serving the guns,—sleepless nights,—but it was fun,
-and the excitement made it interesting. Last but not
-least, let us recall for a second, if we can, how it felt
-to be under fire,—but most of us were too busy and
-tired to have any feelings. Such as they were they
-were hardly pleasant.</p>
-
-<p>While most of the Brigade was thus solving its
-troubles, the 3rd Battalion of the 303rd was having
-troubles of its own. Detached from the Brigade and
-assigned to the Fourth Corps on November 4th, they
-were ordered to take a position a thousand metres in
-front of the Seventy-fives and about the same distance
-behind our own front line. The terrain assigned them
-for their guns was a wooded swamp, perhaps a thousand
-metres from the road. It was down this road
-that they brought their guns under practically continuous
-enemy fire. Nor did the fire stop when they
-reached their positions. Just as regularly as the half<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span>
-hours came around on the clock so did the Germans go
-the rounds of these two batteries and Battalion Headquarters
-with high explosive and gas. There were
-many narrow escapes but no serious casualties. The
-dispersion of the German guns and the regularity with
-which they fired were alone responsible, so say the
-Third Battalion. But I am inclined to think, in spite
-of German declarations of “Gott mit Uns”, that the
-Bon Dieu was on our side; for besides the elements
-above mentioned, practically every direct hit or what
-was so close as to amount to a direct hit, proved to
-be a dud. Of the labors involved in taking this position
-and the will that delivered the goods we cannot
-say enough. The job was done and done gloriously.</p>
-
-<p>While the Brigade, minus one regiment, was disporting
-itself in and about St. Mihiel, that regiment,
-the 301st F. A. was ordered to another part of the
-front, November 2nd. Accordingly they went to Neufchateau
-near Chaumont, where they were to become a
-part of the Army Artillery for the 1st army. There
-they were held in reserve and obliged to wait for further
-orders, which did not come. Finally it was learnt
-that they were to move forward and take up positions
-about November 12th, but the Germans also hearing
-of this, signed the Armistice on the 11th. So it was
-that our lost regiment did not get into action. We
-sympathize with them, but we do not feel as they do,
-for we know the goods were there and given the opportunity,
-would have been delivered. On November<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span>
-29th they were ordered to prepare for return to the
-United States. Many miserable weeks followed at
-Brest, but finally, one glorious day, the Statue of
-Liberty appeared before them and January 6th, 1919,
-they landed in New York from the good ship “Nieuw
-Amsterdam”. In this the rest of the Brigade fared
-not so well.</p>
-
-
-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_055.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Colonel Arthur Conklin</span></p>
-
-<p>After the Armistice was signed, the regiments were
-withdrawn to billets and the materiel was parked. The
-302nd returned to Rupt en Woevre, where they got
-busy on the famous show they produced a few weeks
-later. The 303rd were not as easily satisfied. They
-had some troops still in and about the positions,—some
-more at Creue, a lot more at Savannieres, and
-the 3rd Battalion which had rejoined the regiment
-was now at St. Christophe Ferme. Later, the First
-and Second Battalions moved to Troyon and the Third
-Battalion to Ambly, while regimental Headquarters
-was established at St. Mihiel.</p>
-
-<p>While thus in billets there were many rumors, but
-they were mostly of “occupation” with the Third
-Army. The fact was, we were kept busy policing the
-villages and a good part of France. The part we got
-was not in the very best of order, so we had our hands
-full. At the same time it was not all work; the 302nd
-show took us out of the mud and gunk of the busted
-villages of France and dropped us temporarily in front
-of the foot-lights of Broadway. There were other
-bright spots but they were not the weather. Meantime<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span>
-we waited for we knew not what. We got to know
-our French brothers in arms, and we sympathized with
-them for all they had lost. But they demanded our
-admiration even more than our sympathy. In the
-face of ruined homes and brothers lost, they could
-say: “C’est la guerre” and could sing with us the Marseillaise
-and Madelon:</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="verse"><i>Quand Madelon vient nous servir a boire</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>Sous la tonnelle au frole de son jupon</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>Et gue chaqu’un lui raconte une histoire,</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>Une histoire a sa façon</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>La Madelon pour nous n’est pas sévère</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>Lorsqu’on lui prend la taille ou le menton,</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>Elle rit, c’est tous le mal qu’elle sait faire,</i></div>
-<div class="verse"><i>Madelon, <span class="gap"> Madelon,</span><span class="gap"> Madelon.</span></i></div>
-</div></div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak">IV. HOME</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="smcap">On</span> December 20th the order to prepare arrived.
-Prepare for what? The United States of America.
-My God was it possible? Where were they? But it
-was so, and a better Christmas present would have
-been hard to find. This was our second Christmas in
-the army, and apparently it was to be our last. Cheers!
-The occasion however recalled a remark attributed to
-General Pershing in August as follows: “Hell, Heaven
-or Hoboken by Christmas.” He was right, and we got
-seats at the first show on his list.</p>
-
-<p>On January 3rd 1919, the Brigade was ordered to
-Bordeaux for transportation to the United States, and
-on January 8th it entrained at Bannoncourt. It was
-hoped by all that we would return to our old billets,—but
-no, they took us back to that Godforsaken Camp
-de Souge. We arrived January 11th. However it
-would not be for long and we were on our way home.
-All were cheerful,—some artificially so. Little did
-we realize that it was to be a stay of three long months
-and that we would be allowed to amuse ourselves with
-skinning mules and guard duty. Looking backwards
-we can laugh, but I doubt if we could have done so
-at the time had we known how long it was to be. On
-February 4th the General and some of his staff sailed
-from Genecart on the “Matsonia”. This was encouraging;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span>
-we would follow soon, but we did not.
-However on March 18th we moved to Pauillac, about
-twenty-five miles down the river from Bordeaux,
-where there are docks and delousing plants.</p>
-
-<p>And on April 13th we sailed for Boston on the
-“Santa Rosa”. And here I must leave, for it is the
-author’s desire that this little sketch be ready when
-the brigade lands.</p>
-
-<p>And what has it all amounted to? To many at first
-thought it has been but a year and a half taken out of
-their lives. But let us consider for a second. Here
-was every American energy bent for the first time to
-the accomplishment of a single purpose. The individual
-and his every interest was sacrificed for a great
-cause. We learned that there was something bigger
-than self and more worth while. We learned to appreciate
-our vast country as we should have been able
-to do in no other way.</p>
-
-
-<p class="center">“NOT WHAT WE DID,<br />
-BUT WHAT WE WERE WILLING TO DO.”</p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2 class="nobreak">INDIVIDUAL SERVICE RECORD</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2 class="nobreak" >AUTOGRAPHS</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p class="ph1">FOOTNOTES:</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[A]</a> Kitchen Police.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[B]</a> The 346th and 347th regiments were temporarily brigaded
-with us for administrative purposes.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[C]</a> Poste de Commande</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[D]</a> The Eiffel Tower was known among the operators as “Ethel”.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="transnote">
-<p class="ph1">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:</p>
-
-
-<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p>
-
-<p>Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized.</p>
-
-<p>Archaic or variant spelling has been retained.</p>
-</div></div>
-
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE ***</div>
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