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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56bfe52 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #68324 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68324) diff --git a/old/68324-0.txt b/old/68324-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9790489..0000000 --- a/old/68324-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1513 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The 151st Field Artillery Brigade, by -Richard M. Russell - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The 151st Field Artillery Brigade - -Author: Richard M. Russell - -Release Date: June 15, 2022 [eBook #68324] - -Language: English - -Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY -BRIGADE *** - - - - - -THE 151st FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE - - - - -[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL WM. S. MCNAIR] - - - - - THE - 151st FIELD ARTILLERY - BRIGADE - - BY - - RICHARD M. RUSSELL - - [Illustration] - - THE CORNHILL COMPANY - - BOSTON - - - - - Copyright, 1919, by - THE CORNHILL COMPANY - - - - -TO MY OLD COMRADES - - -If you find in the pages that follow anything to amuse or interest -you and yours, thank Mrs. William S. McNair, Major Swift, Captain -Converse and Lieutenant Clement, to whom the author is indebted for the -information herein contained. - - R. M. R. - - _Boston, April 25, 1919._ - - - - -THE 151st FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE - - - - -The 151st Field Artillery Brigade - - - - -INTRODUCTION - - -In writing this brief sketch of the Brigade from its inception to its -final mustering out of the service, it has not been my aim to account -in any way for all the days and nights which have elapsed during that -period. Memories fond or hateful to some of us would not be very -interesting to the rest. Looking backward from the point of view of -the Brigade as a unit, many of those days were so monotonously alike -that an attempt to account for all would lead to idle repetition. Well -I realize that every one of them stands for something important in -the career of some one man; perhaps his first tour of guard duty, or -his first ride, a close call, a bawling out, something accomplished, -something learnt. But I have not time, space nor knowledge to write -these details. If, however, by my generalities I can so picture our -life at Devens and after that this little book will recall to its -readers those things I have omitted, it will have served its purpose. - - - - -THE 151st BRIGADE - - - - -I. CAMP DEVENS - - -In April, 1917, the United States declared war against Germany. It was -no surprise, but what did it mean? For it is one thing to declare war -and another to wage it. We had no army and no ships and three thousand -miles of ocean lay between the Yankee and the Hun. We would of course -lend money to our allies. Would we give them our men? The answer, thank -God, was the draft law which put into being the greatest democratic -institution of our country,--the National Army. - -Early in the fall of 1917, men from every walk of life, from every -corner of every state, thronged to the huge, ugly, but business-like -cantonments which had grown up, like the mushroom over night. These -men, scientifically chosen, for their physique, mentality, character -and patriotism, were as diversified in their civil life and occupations -as men can be, but they had one thing in common: ignorance of the -military. This and the single purpose that brought them there, welded -them together. If Germany scorned our declaration of war, she must have -sung another tune as she watched us prepare to wage it. - -Camp Devens, Massachusetts, was the rendez-vous for New England’s -Yankees. They were the personnel of the first of the National Army -Divisions, the Seventy-Sixth. - -The Divisional Artillery was to consist of the 301st, the 302nd, and -303rd regiments, Colonels Brooke, Craig and Conklin respectively -commanding. Thus it was that the 151st Field Artillery Brigade was -born, and with what promise! Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and -Massachusetts furnished the quota, with many a generation of fighting -ancestors behind them and traditions of battles won, not only in war -but in every field of human endeavor. - -Was it strange then that Major-General William S. McNair, then -Brigadier-General, shortly after he took command in December of that -year said that he felt as proud as the young mother when she sees her -first born take its first four steps? - -Those early months found us awkward and nearly as helpless as the -infant to which the General referred, but men and officers alike were -using this time to advantage; both had to adapt themselves to new -ways of thinking and living, and even the language of the army was as -strange to us then as was French when we finally got to France. - -It was perhaps at this time more than any other, that we had cause to -be thankful to the General, Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels for their -able and generous assistance in getting the younger officers over those -first hurdles. Let us here extend our utmost appreciation to Lieutenant -Colonels Rehkopf, Danforth and Stopford whose loss to the Brigade we -have had many an occasion to regret. But they like many others of our -best were called upon to take bigger jobs where they could be of even -greater value to the country all were now serving. - -In many respects those days were the hardest of all; everything -was strange. For a time, standing in line hour after hour was an -interesting novelty and gave the ever-present jester an opportunity to -exercise his wit; so with the drills. But human beings, particularly -the Yankee variety, adapt themselves quickly to their surroundings. -Standing in line a couple of hours for a pair of shoes or a cup of soup -ceases eventually to be an interesting novelty. And when the soup so -acquired is knocked from your hand by an over zealous companion and -soils the uniform you must keep clean, you may perhaps forgive him -and laugh; but all that is funny therein is almost sure to occur to -your fertile mind and keen sense of humor the first time it happens. -Repetition is superfluous. - -Being herded together, seeing the same man on either side of you every -day and all day, having to do what you are told day and night, has -but limited charms for the independent citizen of America. Thoughts -were turned, first backward, to the days when we had been individuals -instead of a mite of a cog in a great machine, and then forward, with -the inevitable question: how long was it all to last? We would have -been homesick, desperately so, but there was no time. A bugle broke our -sleep when it was still dark. Another summoned us to a formation before -it was physically possible to get dressed, from which we were marched -to breakfast. A whistle, followed by the First Sergeant’s “Fall Out”, -arrested the first mouthful and told us we would not have time to wash -mess kits before policing. Policing was followed by inspection, where -the Captain would bawl us out for the condition of those same wretched -mess kits. Inspection was followed by physical exercises; physical -exercises by foot drill, foot drill by a hike, the hike by mess. In the -afternoon we rehearsed the events of the morning. Supper was followed -by school, then taps, then bed, then reveille. To-day is a repetition -of yesterday, to-morrow will be a repetition of to-day. But to-day we -are not going to be bawled out for dirty mess kits, we wash them and -are late for policing; the First Sergeant puts us in the kitchen for -a week and we learn the meaning of K. P.[A] We are soon repentant and -resolve to be on time to formation. This is the school of the Rookie -and this is how he learns the impossible. “Take therefore no thought -for the morrow, for the morrow shall take thought for the things of -itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.” - -The next quota of men come into camp; we have graduated; they are the -rookies; we are the soldiers; we laugh; they look puzzled. - -Then came the winter, and what a winter! Arthur Mometer said it was -zero hour all the time. Of course he did not know. He was a Rookie, -but somehow it didn’t make it any warmer nor the snow less deep. We -shovelled snow and froze doing it, we had exercises and we froze doing -that, we drilled with the same result. Live horses took the place of -those ever-to-be-remembered wooden monstrosities. We groomed them and -they bit us. We exercised them and they kicked us. But we got hard and -we got health and we became soldiers. Individuality was superseded by -discipline. - -About this time a touch of war and Hun Hellishness was brought home to -us. William S. McNair, Colonel of the 6th Field Artillery was promoted -in France and ordered to America to command our Brigade. Accordingly he -left France on the U. S. S. “Antilles”. At about 6.45 in the morning -of October 17th a German submarine succeeded in torpedoing his boat. -She sank immediately with the loss of about 65 lives. The General -was in the water for some three quarters of an hour, when he was -taken into a life boat. Six hours later one of the convoy, the Morgan -yacht “Corsair” returned from trying to find the submarine and took -aboard all the survivors. They returned to France and two weeks later -the General again sailed for home on the transport “Tenadores”. The -“Tenadores” has since been sunk by a mine, but happily for the Brigade -it was not on this voyage. - -Christmas came and with it the joy of home for a few, but the majority -of the men must stay in camp. It was all part of the great task we had -undertaken. We accepted it as such. Transportation was not available to -move our now vast army to its homes. We made merry, or rather, we did -better than that; we pretended to make merry. We sang the songs we had -rehearsed for the occasion. It was a holiday. There were no drills. We -had time to think. We can be honest now. Our thoughts were not those of -the schoolboy on his holiday with his plans for stockings and Christmas -tree, dinner and stomach ache. They were far-away thoughts of things, -once commonplace and taken for granted, now suddenly and forever dearer -than life itself; things which in fact made life worth while. Home, -loved, of course, but so much a part of us that we had grown to accept -it as a matter of right. But strangely enough our thoughts carried -us farther. We found that we were longing for the little individual -problems of our daily routine in the past,--problems that had once -perplexed and annoyed us we now craved as a hungry man craves food. - -Months slipped by, and with them the winter. Spring rumors of France -took the place of winter rumors, but the warm weather and a few guns -found us ready for the real work of artillerymen. Reveille was an hour -earlier and retreat an hour later. But we were up hours before reveille -with a call to stables followed by boots and saddles. We hitched the -horses to the guns in the darkness, that we might get all the daylight -on the range. A runaway was not an unusual diversion. But as we had -become fit, so did the horses. Every day saw men and horses in better -condition and better trained. Team work and order was taking the place -of individual endeavor and chaos. A machine with intelligence was in -the making, and results were beginning to assert themselves. Each cog -was finding its place and taking hold with a will. A sharp command in -the crisp air put the works instantly in motion, where a month before -explanations, demonstrations, repeated attempts and failures had only -succeeded in getting parts of our engine to function. Now the gears -were adjusted, we needed but to limber them up and oil the parts. An -occasional “Well Done” would take the place of continuous reprimand. -We became proud of ourselves and our organization. A healthy spirit -of rivalry stalked abroad. We were the _best_ section in the _best_ -battery, and of course our regiment was the _best_ in the Brigade, if -not in the army! Officers were proud of their men, and the men were -proud of the officers. Each began to know the other, his powers and his -limitations. Sympathy took the place of misunderstanding and surliness. - -[Illustration: COLONEL GEO. M. BROOKE] - -So on the range, the officers acquired the theoretical elements of -artillery firing. They learnt to figure their data with accuracy and -to convey it to their batteries in terse and comprehensive commands. -The men in their turn were seeing the purpose of the monotonous daily -drills of the six months past and the value of team work. They acquired -an intimate knowledge of the pieces they were serving; the delicacy -of the mechanism and the consequent necessity for accurate laying. They -responded with alacrity to the orders of their superiors, and the guns -responded to the slightest touch of the crews. All were alert, smart, -prompt,--officers and men alike, fascinated with the possibilities of -the game they were rapidly learning to play. Even the details, after -months of labor, became proficient at the wig wag, semaphore, buzzer, -map-making and sketching; in short, all of those things which we -discovered later, played such an important part in winning the war. - -So when the government inspectors began to look us over and rumors flew -faster, we were not found wanting. The wheels were oiled and the spirit -was there. - -But here I am rudely stopped by the adjutant of the 301st who says -we can’t leave Devens without a Horse Show. Of course he is right. -It can’t be done, although it does seem tough after having oiled the -wheels to such perfection. However what must be done shall be done -gracefully; so thought Captain Page at the second hurdle where he -decided to make the rest of the trip on his ear. - -And the horses, too, grasped the spirit. Like many people they enjoyed -the show from without the ring better than within it. Some came on the -scene with dignity, only to bolt the next minute, not to reappear. Some -merely confounded their riders by refusing jumps, while others were -unmannered enough to refuse to show. For all that, it was a Horse Show -and one of which to be proud. - -Since ceremonies are in order, let us not forget the prayer which took -place one memorable day on the Parade Ground with the entire Division -drawn up for the occasion. Here a horse also figured,--the Division -Adjutant’s. As the parson began to pray, the horse started to jump and -those who were nearest insisted that the adjutant outdid the parson. I -will not say, for I could hear the adjutant and I could not hear the -parson. This was the last time the Division was together as a unit. - -One day toward the end of June a long train was spotted in the -quartermaster yards. Trucks were soon busy carrying officers, men and -their baggage in that direction. Of course, nobody knew that an advance -party of some hundred officers and three hundred men had been secretly -ordered to report to the Commanding General, Port of Embarkation, New -York, for transportation overseas. On June 27th they sailed on the -British liner “Justicia”, which was sunk on her return trip. But the -American soldier is no fool. He has learnt to keep his eyes open and -his mouth shut, to believe about half he sees and nothing he hears. He -was more sure now that the Division was about to sail for France than -if he had read it in every newspaper in the United States. - -In another two weeks rumors were forgotten. On July 10th the Division -was ordered overseas. This was fact. The air was charged with -excitement, which however found its expression in orderly and untiring -hustle and bustle. Men, animals and transportation were all worked -overtime, but even balky army trucks seemed to go for once with a will. -The labors of the last ten months were not to be in vain. We were to -have a chance to practise what we had learnt and perhaps to show the -Hun a few tricks of his own game. - -The Artillery were the last to leave. It was not a difficult task. -We were to receive our materiel in France. Individual equipment only -was to accompany the troops, for we had nothing else. The few guns we -drilled with were out of date and not used abroad. The 302nd, and 303rd -regiments were already motorized on paper, so horses were no longer -needed for them, but the 301st must have shed bitter tears for the -beautiful animals they had spent so much time and energy to condition -and train. - -Twenty-eight lieutenants of the 302nd left ahead of their regiment and -sailed from Boston on the “Katoomba” which touched at Halifax on its -way to Liverpool. - - - - -II. OVERSEAS - - -Of that last journey from Devens to Boston on July 15th there is -nothing to chronicle. We were again for that brief period of time -individuals. Thought and not action crowded the hour. And what a -curious collection of thoughts they were. Each was absorbed with the -things nearest and dearest, soon to be far away. But there were other, -exciting thoughts. We were on our way! What boats were to carry us? The -sea! What were we going to accomplish? And that far-away France,--what -was it like? And war, what was it like? Would we come back? - -The train stopped. “Fall out”. There was a scramble for one’s -possessions, followed by another for our places on the platform. We -were marched on board and to our bunks, where we left our belongings -and hastened on deck. All was again hustle and excitement. The gang -planks were lowered, the hawsers dropped. The whistles were blowing and -we were off for France,--off for the war, July 16th, 1918. - -Our boat was the “Winifredian”. Soon we were absorbed in our -surroundings. There were twenty-three ships in our convoy, curious -in their camouflage, but then all was strange to most of us, who -were not used to ocean liners. And the harbor had its fascinations. -Comparatively speaking we were men of leisure. Jest once more asserted -itself. Our quarters while not altogether to our taste, like most other -things in the army would have to do, since there was no alternative. We -turned in and strangely enough we slept. - -Then sounded that good old familiar bugle with the good old familiar: - - “_We can’t get ’em up, - We can’t get ’em up, - We can’t get ’em up in the morning; - We can’t get ’em up, - We can’t get ’em up, - We can’t get ’em up at all._” - -Where were we? Oh yes! On our way to France. We dressed hurriedly and -got up on deck. The convoy was still there but not all of it. Four -ships had disappeared and various theories were propounded. But just -as the official dopster had got them well sunk by a submarine and -was counting the casualties, it was announced that they had put into -Halifax. Apparently the convoy was too large and unwieldy, so four -boats had to drop out, one of which was the “Novara” with the 301st on -board. However the other two regiments were still in the convoy and we -proceeded on our way. We had boat drill and we wore life preservers, -and we got rather bored with both. As for guard duty and setting up -exercises they bored us eight months before. Seasickness is preferable -to either, and there were a good many of us sick. - -While we were sailing merrily across the North Atlantic, the 301st had -disembarked at Halifax and was playing with the Canadian troops there -and thereabouts. But it was only for a week, when they were again on -their way, this time on the “Abinsi”. - -As the 301st left Canada, the other two regiments landed in England, -one at Liverpool, another at Bristol, and Brigade Headquarters at -Avonmouth on July 31st. - -The next novelty was the English railway carriage or coach, as they -call it. It was the latest model limousine with side entrances -and compartments. We tried them and landed at Camp Mornhill near -Winchester, where we found the twenty-eight officers of the 302nd who -had sailed from Boston just ahead of us. A week later the 301st came -to Winchester, but they had become somewhat exclusive in Canada and so -on August eighth they went to Romsey instead of our camp. Winchester -apparently produces a good deal of mud and a lot of rain. At any rate -it was not sufficiently alluring to detain us for long. We proceeded to -Southampton. “I say does it always rain here?” But before our British -friend got around to answering us we were again on the move,--this time -to a Channel steamer, and France. So we were really going to France and -the war, and not for a tour of the world. - -On August 3rd the steamer that took Brigade Headquarters and the 303rd -across the English Channel, or La Manche as the French call it, was -one of our own,--and hence, a good boat. She used to run between Boston -and New York, and her name used to be “The Yale”. Than which there is -but one better: “The Harvard”. The 302nd crossed on her the next day. - -The 301st was still about a week behind the rest of the Brigade. They -sailed from Southampton on August 14th and also landed at Le Havre. - -“So this is Frogland! Look at the frogs,--wooden shoes and all! Even -the little children speak French here.” But they did not give us time -to get acquainted. Again we were off, this time on a French train. -They have them like the British, but this one looked like the variety -we used to play with as kids, only each car says on the outside “40 -Hommes, 8 Chevaux.” We knew not what it meant but the stench was -indicative. - -Two days got us to Bordeaux. We arrived on August 6th and Brigade -Headquarters was established on August 7th at Gradignan in a very -attractive villa with beautiful grounds. The 301st also established -Headquarters at Gradignan, on August 17th, and billeted their men in -the village. You will notice that here they were more than a week -behind us. They account for this by an aeroplane attack at Rouen. The -302nd was billeted in two little villages, Ville Nave and Pont de la -Maye, a few kilometres from Brigade Headquarters. The 301st Ammunition -Train was at Cadaujac. - -We seemed doomed to lose a regiment. At Havre the 303rd was ordered to -Clermont Ferrand for its training. - -While the regiments were en route from the United States to France, -the Advance Schools Detachment of the Brigade were wandering over -Europe. From Liverpool they went to Southampton and Le Havre, then to -Le Valdahon near the Swiss border. There they spent a couple of weeks -and saw some American artillery training and a few Hun planes. From Le -Valdahon the contingent from the 303rd went to Clermont and those of -the other two regiments went to Souge, near Bordeaux. - -It was about this time that we were informed that we were no longer a -part of the 76th Division, but were to be a Brigade of Corps Artillery. -It did not cause many tears as the 76th was already doing duty as a -replacement division with no chance of going to the front as a unit. -Our tables of organization were changed accordingly and we were rapidly -equipped for duty in our new capacity. The 303rd regiment was issued -G. P. F.s, the famous French 155 m. m. long rifle with a range of about -17,000 metres. The 301st got the world renowned French 75, the best -known gun of the war, and the 302nd got American 4.7 rifles about which -nothing was known. - -While in Gradignan and vicinity our days consisted largely in getting -acquainted with our new guns. We also learnt French and paraded. Some -of our number were detailed to join the Advanced Schools Detachment at -Camp de Souge, August 14th. - -On August 25th the London Evening Mail published the news of General -NcNair’s promotion. We were of course glad of the obviously merited -reward, but selfishly would rather have had it otherwise, for of course -he would cease to be our Brigade commander. However, at the time we -consoled ourselves with the thought that he might command the Corps -artillery of which we would be a part. That night there was a dinner -and celebration at Brigade Headquarters. The scene was picturesque -and one to be remembered. The French Mayors of the villages where our -troops were billeted were invited and came. The meal was served on the -lawn under a huge tree in those beautiful gardens. A hundred yards down -the lawn through the trees we could see the 301st band, conducted by -Lieutenant Keller. They played as even they had never played before. -The villagers, hearing the music, flocked to the gates and the General -sent word to the guard that the sentries were to let them in. In they -came and went straight to the music. Sitting on the lawn they made a -huge circle around the band, and gave our Headquarters a very festive -appearance. It was a rare occasion for them. Lovers of music that they -were, it was seldom that they had an opportunity to hear it. Their own -bands had long been busy nearer the front. - -On September 5th and 8th the two regiments, 302nd and 301st -respectively, moved to Souge for the final six weeks firing before -going to the front. We made the trip, some twenty miles, with our own -transportation. Brigade Headquarters was established at the camp on -September 8th and the Ammunition Train moved in the same day. - -Souge is located in the middle of a sand desert at the end of the -world. As far as you can see there is not a landmark to relieve the -monotony. It is as flat as a table all the way to the sea, some -twenty-five miles distant. As Major Hadley of the 301st remarked: “It -is a nice beach but where is the water?” Souge may best be described -as follows,--a camp some two miles long of ramshackle, broken down, -foul smelling barracks in the middle of the desert which was to be our -range. Flies, sand, dust and heat were in abundance, as were dysentery -and the “Flu” at times. The flies were like ours except larger, more -abundant and infinitely more obnoxious. As one of our men wrote home, -he was in the hospital as a result of having been kicked by a fly. - - _Of all the camps in the A. E. F. - Whether S. O. S. or zone of Advance, - You will cuss until you’re out of breath - This Camp de Souge in France._ - -But there we were. We ate the dust, we killed flies and we sweat in the -sweltering heat, as we pulled guns, trucks and tractors through that -damnable sand. - -On September 21st the long dreaded orders for Major-General McNair -arrived and with them Secretary of War Baker, General Tasker Bliss and -a flock of Major Generals and Brigadiers. That same day he relinquished -the command to Brigadier-General Richmond P. Davis and left camp to -take command of the Artillery of the First Army. - -The finishing touches were applied. We were inspected. We passed our -examinations and were ready for the front. When would the orders come? -There were already rumors of peace,--were we to miss the party after -a year and a half of preparation? The thought was nauseating, but we -stuck to our work. We knew our Brigade Commander was a hustler. We -could see it, and General McNair had said so. Confidence ran high. - -We had an abundance of ammunition and General Davis ordered a problem -to cover three days. The guns were to go into position at night and -without lights; they did. We established communication by telephone, -radio and projector, and maintained it. Conversation was in code and -cypher. We were to fire an offensive barrage over the infantry; it was -done. The infantry called for a defensive barrage at 11.40 at night; it -was layed before the rocket burst. - -Altogether in this problem of four regiments the 75s fired about 6,000 -rounds and the 4.7s about 600.[B] - -In the meantime it rained, or rather poured. The heavens were trying to -make good for the past six months of inaction,--they did. Or perhaps -it was the 302nd weeping for the now certain loss of Colonel Craig. He -had received his promotion and it was only a question of time before -his orders would arrive. Loved and respected by all who knew him, he -was to leave a vacancy hard to fill. His officers gave him a dinner in -Bordeaux on October 7th. - - - - -III. THE FRONT - - -It was while our problem was in progress that General Davis and part -of his staff left for the front, October 11th. A few days later, -on October 17th, he was followed by the rest of his staff. So the -regiments polished and oiled their materiel and entrained at the camp -for God-knows-where. One thing was certain and that was we were going -forward and not back, for from Bordeaux it takes a boat to go in the -latter direction. It was at this time that we knew definitely that -the 301st was to leave the Brigade. It was to be army artillery and -received different orders, confirming our fears when it was detached by -telegraphic order of October 2nd. - -Hardly had the General with a few members of his staff arrived at the -front when a stray shell killed his aide, Lieutenant W. B. Dixon, Jr., -October 19th, 1918. He was buried with military honors where he fell -near Bouillonville. He had been with us but a few days, but such was -his personality and charm that he had become as closely identified with -the Brigade as the oldest member of the staff. His death was a personal -loss to every one of us. - -Brigade Headquarters was established at St. Mihiel, Meuse, October -19th, 1918, and the entries in the official War Diary begin. I have -the diary before me as I write, and I feel that I cannot do better -than take the information therein practically word for word as it was -recorded each day from October 19th to November 11th. - -The famous salient of St. Mihiel had been wiped out a month before. -Having held it successfully for four long years, the Germans considered -their lines there impenetrable; but it took the Yankees just two -short days, September 12th and 13th to reduce that four years’ work -to nothing, and on our side of the balance sheet now stood several -thousand prisoners and a few hundred guns. It had happened a month -before, but the battle fields were still fresh with Hun relics and -ruins, and one had but to see to know that Heine and Fritz had lost no -time in their departure. Everywhere ammunition dumps and other stores -were left untouched by the fleeing foe. - -October 19th the 151st Field Artillery Brigade, less one regiment (the -301st) was attached to the 2nd Colonial Corps (French) of the Second -Army, A. E. F., as corps artillery, with its rail head at Sorcy and -its Refilling Point at Woinville. The zones and mission of the Brigade -were assigned. In a general way our sector extended from Bonzee to -Vigneulles. The line in this sector ran roughly northwest to southeast, -the Germans holding the villages of Ville en Woevre, Pintheville, -Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire, Doncourt and Woel. - -October 21st was devoted to reconnaissance. The commanding officer, -Colonel Conklin of the 303rd F. A. and staff arrived. An air raid by -the enemy occurred at 7.00 p. m. They are all alike. This is what -happens. Delicate instruments more sensitive than the human ear detect -the sound of the aeroplane’s engines at a great distance. These -instruments are placed at intervals along the lines at what are known -as listening posts or stations. Directly an enemy plane is detected, -its whereabouts and direction are telephoned to the areas behind. -There, the fact is announced by a bugle call, followed by rattles, -sirens and every other variety of music. This is the first you know -of the “ships that pass in the night.” There is a scramble for the -nearest abri, otherwise known as bomb-proof or dug-out. You stumble -and fall down a flight of steps and find yourself from twenty to forty -feet below ground. It is dark, and the air is damp and smells vilely. -There are from fifty to a hundred other humans in this subterranean -tomb, some lie down, prepared to spend the night, others, half-clad, -shiver and wait. Then out of the distance you hear a faint humming as -of insects in summer. It grows louder. It is the engines of the enemy’s -planes. Suddenly Hell is torn loose. The anti-aircraft guns or Archies, -as the British call them, have opened fire from the ground. The planes -return the compliment with bombs and machine guns. A boiler factory in -your head would not be nearly so bad for your ears as the cracking and -shrieking that takes place. As suddenly as it started it ceases. All -is quiet. We go about our duties or sleep, as the case may be, until -the next raid occurs. If it is a clear night and the planes are likely -to return, there are many who prefer to stay in the dug-out and make a -night of it there rather than spend the time until morning running back -and forth. - -October 22nd the work of reconnaissance for battery positions and P. -C.s[C] continued. More enemy planes were seen over St. Mihiel. But this -time it was broad daylight; they reconnoitered and took photographs, -but there was no battle royal to disturb the peace. Suddenly little -balls of cotton appeared about the plane. They were the bursts of some -distant anti-aircraft battery trying to annoy the aviator. - -October 23rd the commanding officer (Colonel Platt) of the 302nd -F. A. and staff arrived. In the afternoon enemy airplanes made a -reconnaissance. The regimental advanced parties arrived. - -Reconnaissance was the chief work of the next few days. Lieutenant -Colonel McCabe of the 302nd taking the area to the north of Bonzee. The -Germans must have had the same idea, for enemy aircraft continued to -pass over Headquarters. - -On October 28th the 33rd Division relieved the 79th Division in this -sector, the 55th Field Artillery Brigade remaining in place, with its -Headquarters at Troyon (P. C. Kilbreith). - -[Illustration: BRIGADIER-GENERAL DANIEL F. CRAIG] - -By November 1st all the battery positions and P. C.s were located and -billets were obtained for the regiments. Colonel Platt of the 302nd -F. A. chose some old German shelters near the one-time village of St. -Remy for his P. C. His batteries were to be scattered through the Bois -des Eparges, mostly to the north. The 3rd Battalion was to be behind -the hills to the eastward. The country looked like pictures of the -moon sometimes reproduced in scientific magazines because of interest -but never on account of beauty. Once there had been woods; now there -was hardly a tree standing. All vegetation had been killed by gas -and shell,--crater after crater gave mother earth a very diseased -appearance. Here we spent our days and nights while the war lasted. -Colonel Platt chose Rupt for his billets. - -Colonel Conklin in selecting his P. C. showed better taste. He found -an old German Headquarters, built like a Swiss chalet in the heart of -the woods and far away from harm. Here he settled comfortably, two -kilometres to the northeast of Deuxnouds and just South of the Grande -Tranchee de Calonne. He had but two battalions. The first he placed to -the east of his P. C., the second about four kilometres to the north. - -This same day liaison was established with S. R. S. No. 3 American, and -on November 2nd with S. R. O. T. Nos. 58 and 67. - -November 3rd the Brigade Headquarters detachment arrived and was -billeted in St. Mihiel, and information was received that the 302nd -F. A. had detrained at Dugny and was moving into Rupt en Woevre. - -November 4th information was received that the 303rd F. A. had -detrained at Dugny and was moving into Creue. The 3rd Battalion of the -303rd was assigned to the Fourth Army Corps. - -November 5th the Second Battalion of the 302nd reported its guns in -position and ready to open fire. Hardly was this accomplished when -the Huns began to give them a taste of gas, over 3,000 rounds being -reported. One gun of Battery B, 303 F. A. was reported to be in -position. The Brigade was detached from the 2nd C. A. C. (French), and -was put under the command of the 17th C. A. (French). - -November 6th one gun of the 303rd F. A. was ready to fire at midnight -and the other guns were being moved up as fast as the positions were -constructed. - -From 10.00 p. m. November 6th to 2.00 p. m. November 7th, about 3,000 -gas shells, mostly mustard, fell near B and F Batteries of the 302nd -F. A., but though other artillery units nearby had a number of men -gassed, the 302nd F. A. had no casualties, thanks to strict and -effectual gas discipline. - -In the vicinity of P. C. Gross, Second Battalion of the 303d, about two -hundred gas and high explosive shells fell, also without casualties. - -In the afternoon Field Order No. 1 was issued directing the 302nd to -deliver harassing fire during the night on Ville en Woevre and on the -roads from that place to Braquis and Hennemont. The 303rd F. A. was to -fire on Hennemont, Pareid, Maizeray and Moulotte. At 6.10 the orders -were changed by telephone on account of later information, with the -result that the 302nd F. A. took under fire two additional targets, -which were identified only by their coordinates. The 303rd fired at -Pareid and Moulotte and on a battery in the Bois de Harville. - -On the night of November 6th and 7th, in a two company infantry raid -with artillery support against the Chateau d’Ardnois, one German -officer and twenty-two men were captured and from ten to fourteen -killed. Our own casualties were slight. There was very little enemy -artillery fire during the day. At 9.15 however, on the night of -November 7th, the operations officer of the 55th Field Artillery -Brigade at P. C. Kilbreith reported heavy shelling by the enemy of -Fresnes en Woevre. This village was now strongly held by our troops, -and it was thought that the German fire was in retaliation for the -raid. Our Sound Ranging Section S. R. S. No. 3 had located the -enemy batteries that were executing the fire and we were asked for -neutralization at the earliest possible moment. This order was sent -to the 303rd F. A. by courier and telephone. At 11.00 a. m. the enemy -having ceased his fire, the 303rd F. A. was ordered to discontinue -firing. Field Order No. 2 was then issued authorizing the 303rd F. A. -to fire at once for neutralization upon any enemy battery reported in -action beyond Maizeray. In the meantime Major Hadley’s Battalion of -the 302nd F. A. was fired upon by the enemy with gas shells. Captain -Lefferts was the only casualty. - -On November 8th two strong patrols of our infantry, sent early in the -morning to the Bois de Harville and St. Hilaire, brought back three -prisoners. The 33rd Division reported considerable harassing fire about -Les Eparges and Saulx en Woevre, with some interdiction fire on the -villages at the base of the hills. The total was about 3,000 rounds. -This was the first day that the air was clear enough for the G. P. F.s -to register, and Colonel Conklin registered on Joinville. Shortly -after 4.00 o’clock, Balloon No. 22 reported two batteries firing. They -were given to the 303rd F. A. for immediate neutralization. In the -meantime, orders had been sent out for the night’s firing, the targets -assigned to the 303rd F. A. being two batteries of 105 howitzers in -the Bois de Harville and the towns Maizeray and Butgneville. The 302nd -F. A. was given the Pintheville-Maizeray road, the Pintheville-Pareid -road, Maizeray, Butgneville and St. Hilaire, the latter being the most -important. The fire was to stop at 3.00 a. m. to permit an infantry -raid to go into St. Hilaire and the vicinity. These orders, sent by -telephone and courier, were in response to a request for help from -the Divisional Artillery. They were followed by a Memorandum to the -regiments designating the zones in which, after the start of the -infantry raid on November 9th, it would not be safe for them to fire -without express authority. - -On November 9th a change of organization occurred as a result of the -removal of a large part of the French Artillery from the sector. -The two batteries which were left,--one of 120 long and one of 155 -long,--were taken over by General Davis and assigned to the command -of Colonel Platt of the 302nd F. A. in what then became known as the -Groupment Platt. General Davis thus became Commander of the Corps -Artillery of the sector. - -Early in the morning of this same day, a request was received from the -infantry through the Operations Officer of the 55th Field Artillery -Brigade for help in a raid. It appeared that lack of ammunition for -the Divisional artillery threatened to deprive the infantry of much -needed artillery assistance. Orders were issued for concentration fire -between 2.00 and 5.00 a. m. on Maizeray, Butgneville and St. Hilaire -and between 5.00 and 6.45 a. m. on Maizeray and Butgneville. With the -approval of Corps Artillery Headquarters the regiments were permitted -to use ammunition beyond that authorized for daily expenditure. - -The strong reconnoitering patrols sent out by the 33rd Division -executed the raid on Marcheville. It was completely successful and -resulted in the capture of eighty prisoners including three officers. -Patrols near Pintheville and Riaville met strong resistance. At 3.50 p. m. -an enemy barrage of about 4,000 shells was laid down between Fresnes -and Wadonville, probably in retaliation for the raid of the previous -night. Orders were issued that the regiments should fire at once on any -batteries reported in action by the Sound Ranging Section (S. R. S. No. -3) and that every clear day should be utilized for registration. During -the afternoon the 303rd F. A. was directed to fire on two batteries -of 210 howitzers,--one near Labouville and the others northeast of -Joinville,--and on a battery of medium calibre, just south of Moulotte. - -Late in the afternoon we were informed that an infantry raid would -take place at H hour next morning on our front. The Groupment Platt -were ordered to fire on Maizeray and on the road between Pintheville -and Maizeray. The 303rd was to fire on Maizeray, Harville and the same -stretch of road and on batteries reported firing from points back of -Maizeray. The fire of both groups was to last for 105 minutes after H -hour and at 2.20 in the morning, notification was sent by courier to -the commanding officers of the two regiments that H hour would be -5.45 a. m. - -At 8.30 in the evening the General ordered a concentration by the 302nd -F. A. on Riaville, Pintheville and the road connecting them, to be -fired between midnight and 3 a. m. At 8.45, the 303rd F. A. was given -counter-battery work in answer to a call from the Divisional Artillery -Headquarters. - -Upon the change in organization mentioned above, the advanced location -for our Brigade P. C. was fixed at Creue. The regiments were ordered -to reconnoitre to find locations for at least some of their guns out -on the Plain of Woevre where they would be able to reach some of the -German long range artillery which had been bothering us, and also -follow up the advance of our infantry for a long distance without -changing position for a second time. - -On November 10th a general advance was ordered to begin at 7.00 a. m. -but the order did not reach our Brigade. However, this information -was obtained incidentally by the Brigade Commander, and at 10.40 a. m. -orders were issued for the regiments to provide advance telephone -lines, with a view to establishing forward P. C.s. At the same time -the Brigade P. C. was opened at Creue. A series of orders were issued -over the telephone with reference to a change of positions by the 302nd -F. A. and the 303rd F. A. and at 11.48 we received orders from the -corps that the 4.7 regiment must advance as soon as possible. Orders -were sent to them to complete all reconnaissance and prepare to move -immediately. At 1.25 orders were received from the corps to move two -batteries of the 303rd F. A. with 400 rounds of ammunition at the tail -of the main body of the 33rd Division in advance. It was thought that -this was based on the supposition that the enemy was going to retire, -which he had no intention of doing, as later developments showed. - -At 4.00 o’clock in the afternoon, word having been received that the -country to the north and east of Bonzee was occupied by the enemy, an -officer was sent to the 33rd Division occupying our sector and another -to the 81st Division on our left to find out the true state of affairs. -There proved to be no basis whatever for this report, as the 33rd -Division was holding its forward line in great strength with a view to -attacking on the morning of the 11th, and the 81st Division was also -reinforced for a continuation of their attack, begun on the 10th. - -General Bailey, commanding the 81st Division and Colonel Roberts, Chief -of Staff, urgently requested artillery help in their attack on Ville en -Woevre, Hennemont and other points. The Brigade supported these attacks -between 5.00 and 7.00. - -The commanding General of the 33rd Division, having received orders to -advance, called for support from the Corps Artillery on Pintheville, -Harville, Moulotte, Maizeray, Pareid and batteries in the Bois de -Harville and elsewhere. This support was given between 9.25 p. m. -November 10th and 5.00 a. m. November 11th. - -At 7.30 p. m. the 302nd F. A. was ordered to move one battalion into -the advanced positions in the Plain of the Woevre and to have another -battalion in motion so as to reach its advanced position on the 11th -while the guns held in reserve were to continue the firing. One -battalion, in accordance with these instructions, took position on the -Plain of the Woevre near Tresauvaux, well in advance of the main body -of the infantry and of the resistance line. It remained there overnight -and until ordered to withdraw on the morning of the 11th, when news was -received that the armistice had been signed. - -In the meantime, three guns of the 303rd F. A. were successfully moved -into similar forward positions from which, if fighting had continued, -they might have done highly effective work against some of the distance -long range German guns, especially those that had been bothering St. -Maurice, Thillot and other towns along the base of the hills. The -Brigade fired 736 rounds in the course of the day, against a number of -different targets assigned from time to time by Brigade Headquarters, -or reported direct to the regiments by the S. R. S. - -At about ten o’clock on the night of the 10th the French corps -commander under whom we were serving, said he expected important -news from the Eiffel Tower wireless station before morning. He asked -Brigade Headquarters to notify him should our wireless pick up anything -of interest. Taking the daily communiques from the Eiffel Tower had -been part of our routine work, so the operators knew her[D] voice -intimately. Accordingly they were not unduly surprised when she started -her familiar squeak early on that historic morning. Received at 5.45 -a. m. November 11th, the message that the armistice had been signed -and that hostilities were to cease at 11.00 a. m. was reported at the -Brigade P. C., Creue, by telephone from the St. Mihiel Headquarters. To -the credit of the Brigade let it be known that it was from our station -that the news was given to the entire sector. - -The 33rd Division attacked at 5.00 a. m. Strong patrols sent out along -the front captured three officers and eighty-three men. Infantry lines -were established at the close of hostilities as follows: Chateau -d’Aulnois, Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire, south of Butgneville, -Bois de Harville thence southward to Ferma d’Hautes Journeux. These -towns were taken on the morning of the 11th. It was a glorious piece -of work but hardly worth the price in American life it involved. The -Germans, pushed to the limit, made a last stubborn resistance and from -behind their fortifications and barbed wire delivered a murderous fire -on our troops with rear guard machine gun action from hidden nests. The -battlefield as I saw it that afternoon, I shall not soon forget. There -lay an American sergeant, where he had fallen, and behind him lay his -men, not twenty yards from the German machine gun they were attacking. -My thoughts were first of sorrow that these men should have made the -supreme sacrifice in those last minutes of the great war. In those -fine young faces still shone the joy of life, theirs but yesterday, -when they had thought of home and all it held in store. But I read -another story, that of peace, such as is only experienced after a hard -struggle won and as I looked at the scene I felt a thrill of pride. -What a sacrifice! but God, how gloriously made! - -The plans for the early morning attack contemplated prearranged firing -by the Corps Artillery until 7.00 a. m. Information that the Armistice -had been signed having arrived at 5.45 a. m., the Heavy Artillery -Commander at that hour ordered no more firing, unless urgently called -for by some infantry unit which was in need of help or was being -effectively shelled. The advance Brigade P. C. at Creue was closed at -11.00 a. m. Ammunition had been brought up during the night and the -corps artillery stood ready with some of its guns advanced beyond the -main line of resistance, to support fully a further general infantry -attack. - -At 10.55 on the morning of the Armistice, the 303rd Band at Creue -played taps, then the Marseillaise, then the Star Spangled Banner and -then Reveille. All that morning the artillery thundered and was still -thundering when the music started. When it stopped, all was still. - -On the afternoon of November 12th I walked along our front between the -lines. The stillness of peace was upon the earth where but yesterday -the din of bloody battle reigned. Our lines were held by a series of -sentries walking their posts as if on parade. Over yonder the Germans -were doing likewise. The sun shone in gladness upon the scene. The air -was crisp and the reliefs were gathering wood for their fires. As the -shadows grew longer and the sun set in a blaze of glory, the figures -of the sentries grew dim, but their positions became identified by the -bonfires they had kindled which now alone marked the lines. As I turned -to go, rockets once used to call for a barrage or as a warning of gas -lit the sky. Thus ended the war. - - - - -SUMMARY - - -A resume of the history of the 151st Field Artillery Brigade during -its short term at the front shows a great variety of services and -connections. - -Originally constituting a part of the Artillery of the Second Army, -the Brigade was attached on its arrival in the zone of advance to the -Second Colonial Corps of the French army in the Troyon sector, where -it served under General Blondlat, Corps commander and General Jaquet, -Chief of Artillery. - -The Second Colonial Corps was relieved by the 17th French Corps, -General Hellot commanding, General Walch, Chief of Artillery. On -October 29th, the Brigade came under their command. - -On November 13th the Brigade was assigned to the Fourth American Corps. -When the Fourth Corps moved forward at 5.00 a. m., November 17th, the -Brigade passed into the Second Army Reserve. When the regiments first -came into the St. Mihiel sector, the infantry holding it were the 79th -Division of the American Army, General Joseph E. Kuhn commanding; -the 39th French Infantry Division and the 28th French Regiment of -Dismounted Cavalry. On the 28th of October, however, the 79th was -relieved by the 33rd American Division, General George Bell commanding. - -The 39th French Infantry Division and the 28th regiment of Dismounted -Cavalry were withdrawn and the sector of the 17th Corps was from -Vigneulles to Bonzee. - -The Corps Artillery, 151st Brigade and two batteries of French -Artillery à Pied, covered the entire front of fifteen kilometres. - - * * * * * - -This is the story of our few days at the front before the Armistice, -and this is what we did in the actual fighting. - -I have been obliged for lack of space and knowledge to omit those -things most interesting to the individual--little incidentals, perhaps -from the point of view of the rest of us, but to him they constituted -the war, and always will. For this reason they will remain forever -vivid pictures in his memory and are therefore not necessary to -chronicle. At the same time it will do no harm to recall a few more -facts and feelings that all in one way or another experienced during -that momentous although brief period of our lives. Mud is perhaps the -foremost to the author. But there were others. At night there was not -a light as we stumbled and cursed, feeling our way in those ruined -villages; automobiles and trucks travelled similarly without lights in -the jet blackness, sometimes on the road but more often off it. And -the drivers, let us not forget them and their troubles: the sinking -feeling in the region of the stomach as the truck, laden to its limit -with ammunition, would itself first sink and then stick in that sea of -mud. Tired to the point of exhaustion, they would dig for hours and -get out only to be in again a hundred yards down the road. Or perhaps -Buddy, with his truck, would try to pull us out with the result that -he too got stuck. Then there were the nights spent going into position -where the impossible was often accomplished,--that was work such as -few outside of the army will experience,--but it was exciting and it -was necessary, and that explains how it was done. Following this were -the nights spent in serving the guns,--sleepless nights,--but it was -fun, and the excitement made it interesting. Last but not least, let us -recall for a second, if we can, how it felt to be under fire,--but most -of us were too busy and tired to have any feelings. Such as they were -they were hardly pleasant. - -While most of the Brigade was thus solving its troubles, the 3rd -Battalion of the 303rd was having troubles of its own. Detached from -the Brigade and assigned to the Fourth Corps on November 4th, they -were ordered to take a position a thousand metres in front of the -Seventy-fives and about the same distance behind our own front line. -The terrain assigned them for their guns was a wooded swamp, perhaps a -thousand metres from the road. It was down this road that they brought -their guns under practically continuous enemy fire. Nor did the fire -stop when they reached their positions. Just as regularly as the half -hours came around on the clock so did the Germans go the rounds of -these two batteries and Battalion Headquarters with high explosive and -gas. There were many narrow escapes but no serious casualties. The -dispersion of the German guns and the regularity with which they fired -were alone responsible, so say the Third Battalion. But I am inclined -to think, in spite of German declarations of “Gott mit Uns”, that the -Bon Dieu was on our side; for besides the elements above mentioned, -practically every direct hit or what was so close as to amount to a -direct hit, proved to be a dud. Of the labors involved in taking this -position and the will that delivered the goods we cannot say enough. -The job was done and done gloriously. - -While the Brigade, minus one regiment, was disporting itself in and -about St. Mihiel, that regiment, the 301st F. A. was ordered to another -part of the front, November 2nd. Accordingly they went to Neufchateau -near Chaumont, where they were to become a part of the Army Artillery -for the 1st army. There they were held in reserve and obliged to wait -for further orders, which did not come. Finally it was learnt that they -were to move forward and take up positions about November 12th, but the -Germans also hearing of this, signed the Armistice on the 11th. So it -was that our lost regiment did not get into action. We sympathize with -them, but we do not feel as they do, for we know the goods were there -and given the opportunity, would have been delivered. On November -29th they were ordered to prepare for return to the United States. -Many miserable weeks followed at Brest, but finally, one glorious day, -the Statue of Liberty appeared before them and January 6th, 1919, they -landed in New York from the good ship “Nieuw Amsterdam”. In this the -rest of the Brigade fared not so well. - -[Illustration: COLONEL ARTHUR CONKLIN] - -After the Armistice was signed, the regiments were withdrawn to billets -and the materiel was parked. The 302nd returned to Rupt en Woevre, -where they got busy on the famous show they produced a few weeks -later. The 303rd were not as easily satisfied. They had some troops -still in and about the positions,--some more at Creue, a lot more at -Savannieres, and the 3rd Battalion which had rejoined the regiment was -now at St. Christophe Ferme. Later, the First and Second Battalions -moved to Troyon and the Third Battalion to Ambly, while regimental -Headquarters was established at St. Mihiel. - -While thus in billets there were many rumors, but they were mostly -of “occupation” with the Third Army. The fact was, we were kept busy -policing the villages and a good part of France. The part we got was -not in the very best of order, so we had our hands full. At the same -time it was not all work; the 302nd show took us out of the mud and -gunk of the busted villages of France and dropped us temporarily in -front of the foot-lights of Broadway. There were other bright spots but -they were not the weather. Meantime we waited for we knew not what. We -got to know our French brothers in arms, and we sympathized with them -for all they had lost. But they demanded our admiration even more than -our sympathy. In the face of ruined homes and brothers lost, they could -say: “C’est la guerre” and could sing with us the Marseillaise and -Madelon: - - _Quand Madelon vient nous servir a boire - Sous la tonnelle au frole de son jupon - Et gue chaqu’un lui raconte une histoire, - Une histoire a sa façon - La Madelon pour nous n’est pas sévère - Lorsqu’on lui prend la taille ou le menton, - Elle rit, c’est tous le mal qu’elle sait faire, - Madelon, Madelon, Madelon._ - - - - -IV. HOME - - -On December 20th the order to prepare arrived. Prepare for what? The -United States of America. My God was it possible? Where were they? But -it was so, and a better Christmas present would have been hard to find. -This was our second Christmas in the army, and apparently it was to be -our last. Cheers! The occasion however recalled a remark attributed -to General Pershing in August as follows: “Hell, Heaven or Hoboken by -Christmas.” He was right, and we got seats at the first show on his -list. - -On January 3rd 1919, the Brigade was ordered to Bordeaux for -transportation to the United States, and on January 8th it entrained -at Bannoncourt. It was hoped by all that we would return to our old -billets,--but no, they took us back to that Godforsaken Camp de Souge. -We arrived January 11th. However it would not be for long and we were -on our way home. All were cheerful,--some artificially so. Little did -we realize that it was to be a stay of three long months and that we -would be allowed to amuse ourselves with skinning mules and guard duty. -Looking backwards we can laugh, but I doubt if we could have done so -at the time had we known how long it was to be. On February 4th the -General and some of his staff sailed from Genecart on the “Matsonia”. -This was encouraging; we would follow soon, but we did not. However on -March 18th we moved to Pauillac, about twenty-five miles down the river -from Bordeaux, where there are docks and delousing plants. - -And on April 13th we sailed for Boston on the “Santa Rosa”. And here I -must leave, for it is the author’s desire that this little sketch be -ready when the brigade lands. - -And what has it all amounted to? To many at first thought it has been -but a year and a half taken out of their lives. But let us consider -for a second. Here was every American energy bent for the first time -to the accomplishment of a single purpose. The individual and his -every interest was sacrificed for a great cause. We learned that there -was something bigger than self and more worth while. We learned to -appreciate our vast country as we should have been able to do in no -other way. - - “NOT WHAT WE DID, - BUT WHAT WE WERE WILLING TO DO.” - - - - -INDIVIDUAL SERVICE RECORD - - - - -AUTOGRAPHS - - - - -FOOTNOTES: - - -[A] Kitchen Police. - -[B] The 346th and 347th regiments were temporarily brigaded with us for -administrative purposes. - -[C] Poste de Commande - -[D] The Eiffel Tower was known among the operators as “Ethel”. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - - -Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_. - -Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. - -Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized. - -Archaic or variant spelling has been retained. - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY -BRIGADE *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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Russell—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover" /> - <style> /* <![CDATA[ */ - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -p { - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; -} - -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.tb {width: 45%; margin-left: 27.5%; margin-right: 27.5%;} -hr.tiny {width: 10%; margin-left: 45%; margin-right: 45%;} -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -@media print { hr.chap {display: none; visibility: hidden;} } - - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} -h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} - -.gap {padding-left: 2em;} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: normal; - text-indent: 0; -} - - -.blockquot { - margin-left: 17.5%; - margin-right: 17.5%; -} - -.x-ebookmaker .blockquot { - margin-left: 7.5%; - margin-right: 7.5%; -} - - -.center {text-align: center;} - -.right {text-align: right;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -.ph1 {text-align: center; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;} -.ph2 {text-align: center; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: bold;} - -div.titlepage {text-align: center; page-break-before: always; page-break-after: always;} -div.titlepage p {text-align: center; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 2em;} - - -.large {font-size: 125%;} - - -.caption {font-weight: bold; text-align: center;} - -.x-ebookmaker .hide {display: none; visibility: hidden;} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 100%; -} - - - -.footnote {margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} - -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 75%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: - none; -} - - -.poetry-container {text-align: center;} -.poetry {display: inline-block; text-align: left;} -.poetry .verse {text-indent: -2.5em; padding-left: 3em;} -.poetry .first {text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em;} - -@media print { .poetry {display: block;} } -.x-ebookmaker .poetry {display: block;} - - -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - margin-left: 17.5%; - margin-right: 17.5%; - padding: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - - /* ]]> */ </style> -</head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The 151st Field Artillery Brigade, by Richard M. Russell</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The 151st Field Artillery Brigade</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Richard M. Russell</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: June 15, 2022 [eBook #68324]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE ***</div> - -<div class="figcenter hide"><img src="images/coversmall.jpg" width="450" alt="" /></div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<h1>THE 151st FIELD ARTILLERY<br /> -BRIGADE</h1> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_003.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Major-General Wm. S. McNair</span></p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_title.jpg" alt="" /></div> -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="titlepage"> -<p class="ph2">THE<br /> -151st FIELD ARTILLERY<br /> -BRIGADE</p> - -<p>BY<br /> - -<span class="large">RICHARD M. RUSSELL</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_titlelogo.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="large">THE CORNHILL COMPANY</span><br /> - -BOSTON</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="center"> -Copyright, 1919, by<br /> -<span class="smcap">The Cornhill Company</span></p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">TO MY OLD COMRADES</h2> -</div> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p><span class="smcap">If</span> you find in the pages that follow anything to -amuse or interest you and yours, thank Mrs. -William S. McNair, Major Swift, Captain Converse -and Lieutenant Clement, to whom the author is -indebted for the information herein contained.</p> - -<p class="right">R. M. R.</p> - - - -<p><i>Boston, April 25, 1919.</i></p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p class="ph2">THE 151st FIELD ARTILLERY<br /> -BRIGADE</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span> -<p class="ph2">The 151st Field Artillery<br /> -Brigade</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> -<h2 class="nobreak">INTRODUCTION</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">In</span> writing this brief sketch of the Brigade from its -inception to its final mustering out of the service, it -has not been my aim to account in any way for all the -days and nights which have elapsed during that period. -Memories fond or hateful to some of us would not -be very interesting to the rest. Looking backward -from the point of view of the Brigade as a unit, many -of those days were so monotonously alike that an attempt -to account for all would lead to idle repetition. -Well I realize that every one of them stands for something -important in the career of some one man; perhaps -his first tour of guard duty, or his first ride, a -close call, a bawling out, something accomplished, -something learnt. But I have not time, space nor -knowledge to write these details. If, however, by my -generalities I can so picture our life at Devens and -after that this little book will recall to its readers those -things I have omitted, it will have served its purpose.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span> - -<p class="ph2">THE 151st BRIGADE</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">I. CAMP DEVENS</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">In</span> April, 1917, the United States declared war against -Germany. It was no surprise, but what did it mean? -For it is one thing to declare war and another to wage -it. We had no army and no ships and three thousand -miles of ocean lay between the Yankee and the Hun. -We would of course lend money to our allies. Would -we give them our men? The answer, thank God, was -the draft law which put into being the greatest democratic -institution of our country,—the National Army.</p> - -<p>Early in the fall of 1917, men from every walk of -life, from every corner of every state, thronged to -the huge, ugly, but business-like cantonments which -had grown up, like the mushroom over night. These -men, scientifically chosen, for their physique, mentality, -character and patriotism, were as diversified in -their civil life and occupations as men can be, but -they had one thing in common: ignorance of the military. -This and the single purpose that brought them -there, welded them together. If Germany scorned our -declaration of war, she must have sung another tune -as she watched us prepare to wage it.</p> - -<p>Camp Devens, Massachusetts, was the rendez-vous -for New England’s Yankees. They were the personnel -of the first of the National Army Divisions, the -Seventy-Sixth.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span>The Divisional Artillery was to consist of the 301st, -the 302nd, and 303rd regiments, Colonels Brooke, -Craig and Conklin respectively commanding. Thus -it was that the 151st Field Artillery Brigade was born, -and with what promise! Maine, New Hampshire, -Vermont and Massachusetts furnished the quota, with -many a generation of fighting ancestors behind them -and traditions of battles won, not only in war but in -every field of human endeavor.</p> - -<p>Was it strange then that Major-General William S. -McNair, then Brigadier-General, shortly after he took -command in December of that year said that he felt -as proud as the young mother when she sees her first -born take its first four steps?</p> - -<p>Those early months found us awkward and nearly -as helpless as the infant to which the General referred, -but men and officers alike were using this time to -advantage; both had to adapt themselves to new ways -of thinking and living, and even the language of the -army was as strange to us then as was French when -we finally got to France.</p> - -<p>It was perhaps at this time more than any other, -that we had cause to be thankful to the General, -Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels for their able and -generous assistance in getting the younger officers over -those first hurdles. Let us here extend our utmost -appreciation to Lieutenant Colonels Rehkopf, Danforth -and Stopford whose loss to the Brigade we have -had many an occasion to regret. But they like many<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span> -others of our best were called upon to take bigger jobs -where they could be of even greater value to the -country all were now serving.</p> - -<p>In many respects those days were the hardest of -all; everything was strange. For a time, standing in -line hour after hour was an interesting novelty and -gave the ever-present jester an opportunity to exercise -his wit; so with the drills. But human beings, particularly -the Yankee variety, adapt themselves quickly -to their surroundings. Standing in line a couple of -hours for a pair of shoes or a cup of soup ceases -eventually to be an interesting novelty. And when the -soup so acquired is knocked from your hand by an -over zealous companion and soils the uniform you -must keep clean, you may perhaps forgive him and -laugh; but all that is funny therein is almost sure to -occur to your fertile mind and keen sense of humor -the first time it happens. Repetition is superfluous.</p> - -<p>Being herded together, seeing the same man on either -side of you every day and all day, having to do what -you are told day and night, has but limited charms for -the independent citizen of America. Thoughts were -turned, first backward, to the days when we had been -individuals instead of a mite of a cog in a great machine, -and then forward, with the inevitable question: -how long was it all to last? We would have been -homesick, desperately so, but there was no time. A -bugle broke our sleep when it was still dark. Another -summoned us to a formation before it was physically<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span> -possible to get dressed, from which we were marched -to breakfast. A whistle, followed by the First Sergeant’s -“Fall Out”, arrested the first mouthful and -told us we would not have time to wash mess kits -before policing. Policing was followed by inspection, -where the Captain would bawl us out for the condition -of those same wretched mess kits. Inspection was -followed by physical exercises; physical exercises by -foot drill, foot drill by a hike, the hike by mess. In -the afternoon we rehearsed the events of the morning. -Supper was followed by school, then taps, then bed, -then reveille. To-day is a repetition of yesterday, -to-morrow will be a repetition of to-day. But to-day -we are not going to be bawled out for dirty mess kits, -we wash them and are late for policing; the First -Sergeant puts us in the kitchen for a week and we -learn the meaning of K. P.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> We are soon repentant -and resolve to be on time to formation. This is the -school of the Rookie and this is how he learns the -impossible. “Take therefore no thought for the morrow, -for the morrow shall take thought for the things -of itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.”</p> - -<p>The next quota of men come into camp; we have -graduated; they are the rookies; we are the soldiers; -we laugh; they look puzzled.</p> - -<p>Then came the winter, and what a winter! Arthur -Mometer said it was zero hour all the time. Of course<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span> -he did not know. He was a Rookie, but somehow it -didn’t make it any warmer nor the snow less deep. -We shovelled snow and froze doing it, we had exercises -and we froze doing that, we drilled with the -same result. Live horses took the place of those -ever-to-be-remembered wooden monstrosities. We -groomed them and they bit us. We exercised them -and they kicked us. But we got hard and we got -health and we became soldiers. Individuality was -superseded by discipline.</p> - -<p>About this time a touch of war and Hun Hellishness -was brought home to us. William S. McNair, Colonel -of the 6th Field Artillery was promoted in France -and ordered to America to command our Brigade. -Accordingly he left France on the U. S. S. “Antilles”. -At about 6.45 in the morning of October 17th a German -submarine succeeded in torpedoing his boat. She -sank immediately with the loss of about 65 lives. The -General was in the water for some three quarters of -an hour, when he was taken into a life boat. Six hours -later one of the convoy, the Morgan yacht “Corsair” -returned from trying to find the submarine and took -aboard all the survivors. They returned to France -and two weeks later the General again sailed for home -on the transport “Tenadores”. The “Tenadores” has -since been sunk by a mine, but happily for the Brigade -it was not on this voyage.</p> - -<p>Christmas came and with it the joy of home for a -few, but the majority of the men must stay in camp.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span> -It was all part of the great task we had undertaken. -We accepted it as such. Transportation was not available -to move our now vast army to its homes. We -made merry, or rather, we did better than that; we -pretended to make merry. We sang the songs we had -rehearsed for the occasion. It was a holiday. There -were no drills. We had time to think. We can be -honest now. Our thoughts were not those of the -schoolboy on his holiday with his plans for stockings -and Christmas tree, dinner and stomach ache. They -were far-away thoughts of things, once commonplace -and taken for granted, now suddenly and forever -dearer than life itself; things which in fact made life -worth while. Home, loved, of course, but so much a -part of us that we had grown to accept it as a matter -of right. But strangely enough our thoughts carried -us farther. We found that we were longing for the -little individual problems of our daily routine in the -past,—problems that had once perplexed and annoyed -us we now craved as a hungry man craves food.</p> - -<p>Months slipped by, and with them the winter. -Spring rumors of France took the place of winter -rumors, but the warm weather and a few guns found -us ready for the real work of artillerymen. Reveille -was an hour earlier and retreat an hour later. But -we were up hours before reveille with a call to stables -followed by boots and saddles. We hitched the horses -to the guns in the darkness, that we might get all the -daylight on the range. A runaway was not an unusual<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span> -diversion. But as we had become fit, so did the horses. -Every day saw men and horses in better condition and -better trained. Team work and order was taking the -place of individual endeavor and chaos. A machine -with intelligence was in the making, and results were -beginning to assert themselves. Each cog was finding -its place and taking hold with a will. A sharp command -in the crisp air put the works instantly in motion, -where a month before explanations, demonstrations, -repeated attempts and failures had only succeeded in -getting parts of our engine to function. Now the gears -were adjusted, we needed but to limber them up and -oil the parts. An occasional “Well Done” would take -the place of continuous reprimand. We became proud -of ourselves and our organization. A healthy spirit -of rivalry stalked abroad. We were the <i>best</i> section -in the <i>best</i> battery, and of course our regiment was -the <i>best</i> in the Brigade, if not in the army! Officers -were proud of their men, and the men were proud of -the officers. Each began to know the other, his powers -and his limitations. Sympathy took the place of misunderstanding -and surliness.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_019.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Colonel Geo. M. Brooke</span></p> - -<p>So on the range, the officers acquired the theoretical -elements of artillery firing. They learnt to figure their -data with accuracy and to convey it to their batteries -in terse and comprehensive commands. The men in -their turn were seeing the purpose of the monotonous -daily drills of the six months past and the value of -team work. They acquired an intimate knowledge of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span> -the pieces they were serving; the delicacy of the -mechanism and the consequent necessity for accurate -laying. They responded with alacrity to the orders -of their superiors, and the guns responded to the -slightest touch of the crews. All were alert, smart, -prompt,—officers and men alike, fascinated with the -possibilities of the game they were rapidly learning to -play. Even the details, after months of labor, became -proficient at the wig wag, semaphore, buzzer, map-making -and sketching; in short, all of those things -which we discovered later, played such an important -part in winning the war.</p> - -<p>So when the government inspectors began to look us -over and rumors flew faster, we were not found wanting. -The wheels were oiled and the spirit was there.</p> - -<p>But here I am rudely stopped by the adjutant of the -301st who says we can’t leave Devens without a Horse -Show. Of course he is right. It can’t be done, although -it does seem tough after having oiled the wheels -to such perfection. However what must be done shall -be done gracefully; so thought Captain Page at the -second hurdle where he decided to make the rest of -the trip on his ear.</p> - -<p>And the horses, too, grasped the spirit. Like many -people they enjoyed the show from without the ring -better than within it. Some came on the scene with -dignity, only to bolt the next minute, not to reappear. -Some merely confounded their riders by refusing -jumps, while others were unmannered enough to refuse<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span> -to show. For all that, it was a Horse Show and -one of which to be proud.</p> - -<p>Since ceremonies are in order, let us not forget the -prayer which took place one memorable day on the -Parade Ground with the entire Division drawn up for -the occasion. Here a horse also figured,—the Division -Adjutant’s. As the parson began to pray, the horse -started to jump and those who were nearest insisted -that the adjutant outdid the parson. I will not say, -for I could hear the adjutant and I could not hear -the parson. This was the last time the Division was -together as a unit.</p> - -<p>One day toward the end of June a long train was -spotted in the quartermaster yards. Trucks were soon -busy carrying officers, men and their baggage in that -direction. Of course, nobody knew that an advance -party of some hundred officers and three hundred men -had been secretly ordered to report to the Commanding -General, Port of Embarkation, New York, for -transportation overseas. On June 27th they sailed on -the British liner “Justicia”, which was sunk on her -return trip. But the American soldier is no fool. He -has learnt to keep his eyes open and his mouth shut, -to believe about half he sees and nothing he hears. -He was more sure now that the Division was about -to sail for France than if he had read it in every newspaper -in the United States.</p> - -<p>In another two weeks rumors were forgotten. On -July 10th the Division was ordered overseas. This<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span> -was fact. The air was charged with excitement, which -however found its expression in orderly and untiring -hustle and bustle. Men, animals and transportation -were all worked overtime, but even balky army trucks -seemed to go for once with a will. The labors of the -last ten months were not to be in vain. We were to -have a chance to practise what we had learnt and perhaps -to show the Hun a few tricks of his own game.</p> - -<p>The Artillery were the last to leave. It was not a -difficult task. We were to receive our materiel in -France. Individual equipment only was to accompany -the troops, for we had nothing else. The few guns -we drilled with were out of date and not used abroad. -The 302nd, and 303rd regiments were already motorized -on paper, so horses were no longer needed for -them, but the 301st must have shed bitter tears for -the beautiful animals they had spent so much time and -energy to condition and train.</p> - -<p>Twenty-eight lieutenants of the 302nd left ahead of -their regiment and sailed from Boston on the -“Katoomba” which touched at Halifax on its way to -Liverpool.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">II. OVERSEAS</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Of</span> that last journey from Devens to Boston on July -15th there is nothing to chronicle. We were again -for that brief period of time individuals. Thought -and not action crowded the hour. And what a curious -collection of thoughts they were. Each was absorbed -with the things nearest and dearest, soon to be far -away. But there were other, exciting thoughts. We -were on our way! What boats were to carry us? The -sea! What were we going to accomplish? And that -far-away France,—what was it like? And war, what -was it like? Would we come back?</p> - -<p>The train stopped. “Fall out”. There was a -scramble for one’s possessions, followed by another -for our places on the platform. We were marched on -board and to our bunks, where we left our belongings -and hastened on deck. All was again hustle and excitement. -The gang planks were lowered, the hawsers -dropped. The whistles were blowing and we were off -for France,—off for the war, July 16th, 1918.</p> - -<p>Our boat was the “Winifredian”. Soon we were -absorbed in our surroundings. There were twenty-three -ships in our convoy, curious in their camouflage, -but then all was strange to most of us, who were -not used to ocean liners. And the harbor had its -fascinations. Comparatively speaking we were men<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span> -of leisure. Jest once more asserted itself. Our -quarters while not altogether to our taste, like most -other things in the army would have to do, since there -was no alternative. We turned in and strangely -enough we slept.</p> - -<p>Then sounded that good old familiar bugle with -the good old familiar:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="first">“<i>We can’t get ’em up,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up in the morning;</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>We can’t get ’em up at all.</i>”</div> -</div></div> - -<p>Where were we? Oh yes! On our way to France. -We dressed hurriedly and got up on deck. The convoy -was still there but not all of it. Four ships had -disappeared and various theories were propounded. -But just as the official dopster had got them well -sunk by a submarine and was counting the casualties, -it was announced that they had put into Halifax. Apparently -the convoy was too large and unwieldy, so -four boats had to drop out, one of which was the -“Novara” with the 301st on board. However the -other two regiments were still in the convoy and we -proceeded on our way. We had boat drill and we -wore life preservers, and we got rather bored with -both. As for guard duty and setting up exercises they -bored us eight months before. Seasickness is preferable<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span> -to either, and there were a good many of us sick.</p> - -<p>While we were sailing merrily across the North -Atlantic, the 301st had disembarked at Halifax and -was playing with the Canadian troops there and thereabouts. -But it was only for a week, when they were -again on their way, this time on the “Abinsi”.</p> - -<p>As the 301st left Canada, the other two regiments -landed in England, one at Liverpool, another at Bristol, -and Brigade Headquarters at Avonmouth on July 31st.</p> - -<p>The next novelty was the English railway carriage -or coach, as they call it. It was the latest model limousine -with side entrances and compartments. We -tried them and landed at Camp Mornhill near Winchester, -where we found the twenty-eight officers of -the 302nd who had sailed from Boston just ahead -of us. A week later the 301st came to Winchester, -but they had become somewhat exclusive in Canada -and so on August eighth they went to Romsey instead -of our camp. Winchester apparently produces a good -deal of mud and a lot of rain. At any rate it was not -sufficiently alluring to detain us for long. We proceeded -to Southampton. “I say does it always rain -here?” But before our British friend got around to -answering us we were again on the move,—this time -to a Channel steamer, and France. So we were really -going to France and the war, and not for a tour of -the world.</p> - -<p>On August 3rd the steamer that took Brigade Headquarters -and the 303rd across the English Channel, or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span> -La Manche as the French call it, was one of our -own,—and hence, a good boat. She used to run between -Boston and New York, and her name used to -be “The Yale”. Than which there is but one better: -“The Harvard”. The 302nd crossed on her the next -day.</p> - -<p>The 301st was still about a week behind the rest of -the Brigade. They sailed from Southampton on August -14th and also landed at Le Havre.</p> - -<p>“So this is Frogland! Look at the frogs,—wooden -shoes and all! Even the little children speak French -here.” But they did not give us time to get acquainted. -Again we were off, this time on a French train. They -have them like the British, but this one looked like -the variety we used to play with as kids, only each -car says on the outside “40 Hommes, 8 Chevaux.” We -knew not what it meant but the stench was -indicative.</p> - -<p>Two days got us to Bordeaux. We arrived on -August 6th and Brigade Headquarters was established -on August 7th at Gradignan in a very attractive villa -with beautiful grounds. The 301st also established -Headquarters at Gradignan, on August 17th, and billeted -their men in the village. You will notice that -here they were more than a week behind us. They -account for this by an aeroplane attack at Rouen. The -302nd was billeted in two little villages, Ville Nave -and Pont de la Maye, a few kilometres from Brigade -Headquarters. The 301st Ammunition Train was at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span> -Cadaujac.</p> - -<p>We seemed doomed to lose a regiment. At Havre -the 303rd was ordered to Clermont Ferrand for its -training.</p> - -<p>While the regiments were en route from the United -States to France, the Advance Schools Detachment of -the Brigade were wandering over Europe. From -Liverpool they went to Southampton and Le Havre, -then to Le Valdahon near the Swiss border. There -they spent a couple of weeks and saw some American -artillery training and a few Hun planes. From Le -Valdahon the contingent from the 303rd went to -Clermont and those of the other two regiments went -to Souge, near Bordeaux.</p> - -<p>It was about this time that we were informed that -we were no longer a part of the 76th Division, but -were to be a Brigade of Corps Artillery. It did not -cause many tears as the 76th was already doing duty -as a replacement division with no chance of going to -the front as a unit. Our tables of organization were -changed accordingly and we were rapidly equipped for -duty in our new capacity. The 303rd regiment was -issued G. P. F.s, the famous French 155 m. m. long -rifle with a range of about 17,000 metres. The 301st -got the world renowned French 75, the best known -gun of the war, and the 302nd got American 4.7 rifles -about which nothing was known.</p> - -<p>While in Gradignan and vicinity our days consisted -largely in getting acquainted with our new guns. We<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span> -also learnt French and paraded. Some of our number -were detailed to join the Advanced Schools Detachment -at Camp de Souge, August 14th.</p> - -<p>On August 25th the London Evening Mail published -the news of General NcNair’s promotion. We were -of course glad of the obviously merited reward, but -selfishly would rather have had it otherwise, for of -course he would cease to be our Brigade commander. -However, at the time we consoled ourselves with the -thought that he might command the Corps artillery of -which we would be a part. That night there was a -dinner and celebration at Brigade Headquarters. The -scene was picturesque and one to be remembered. The -French Mayors of the villages where our troops were -billeted were invited and came. The meal was served -on the lawn under a huge tree in those beautiful gardens. -A hundred yards down the lawn through the -trees we could see the 301st band, conducted by Lieutenant -Keller. They played as even they had never -played before. The villagers, hearing the music, -flocked to the gates and the General sent word to the -guard that the sentries were to let them in. In they -came and went straight to the music. Sitting on the -lawn they made a huge circle around the band, and -gave our Headquarters a very festive appearance. It -was a rare occasion for them. Lovers of music that -they were, it was seldom that they had an opportunity -to hear it. Their own bands had long been busy -nearer the front.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span>On September 5th and 8th the two regiments, 302nd -and 301st respectively, moved to Souge for the final -six weeks firing before going to the front. We made -the trip, some twenty miles, with our own transportation. -Brigade Headquarters was established at the -camp on September 8th and the Ammunition Train -moved in the same day.</p> - -<p>Souge is located in the middle of a sand desert at -the end of the world. As far as you can see there -is not a landmark to relieve the monotony. It is as -flat as a table all the way to the sea, some twenty-five -miles distant. As Major Hadley of the 301st remarked: -“It is a nice beach but where is the water?” -Souge may best be described as follows,—a camp some -two miles long of ramshackle, broken down, foul -smelling barracks in the middle of the desert which -was to be our range. Flies, sand, dust and heat were -in abundance, as were dysentery and the “Flu” at -times. The flies were like ours except larger, more -abundant and infinitely more obnoxious. As one of -our men wrote home, he was in the hospital as a result -of having been kicked by a fly.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse"><i>Of all the camps in the A. E. F.</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>Whether S. O. S. or zone of Advance,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>You will cuss until you’re out of breath</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>This Camp de Souge in France.</i></div> -</div></div> - -<p>But there we were. We ate the dust, we killed flies -and we sweat in the sweltering heat, as we pulled<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span> -guns, trucks and tractors through that damnable sand.</p> - -<p>On September 21st the long dreaded orders for -Major-General McNair arrived and with them Secretary -of War Baker, General Tasker Bliss and a flock -of Major Generals and Brigadiers. That same day -he relinquished the command to Brigadier-General -Richmond P. Davis and left camp to take command -of the Artillery of the First Army.</p> - -<p>The finishing touches were applied. We were inspected. -We passed our examinations and were ready -for the front. When would the orders come? There -were already rumors of peace,—were we to miss the -party after a year and a half of preparation? The -thought was nauseating, but we stuck to our work. -We knew our Brigade Commander was a hustler. We -could see it, and General McNair had said so. Confidence -ran high.</p> - -<p>We had an abundance of ammunition and General -Davis ordered a problem to cover three days. The -guns were to go into position at night and without -lights; they did. We established communication by -telephone, radio and projector, and maintained -it. Conversation was in code and cypher. We -were to fire an offensive barrage over the infantry; it -was done. The infantry called for a defensive barrage -at 11.40 at night; it was layed before the rocket -burst.</p> - -<p>Altogether in this problem of four regiments the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span> -75s fired about 6,000 rounds and the 4.7s about 600.<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p> - -<p>In the meantime it rained, or rather poured. The -heavens were trying to make good for the past six -months of inaction,—they did. Or perhaps it was the -302nd weeping for the now certain loss of Colonel -Craig. He had received his promotion and it was only -a question of time before his orders would arrive. -Loved and respected by all who knew him, he was to -leave a vacancy hard to fill. His officers gave him a -dinner in Bordeaux on October 7th.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span> -<h2 class="nobreak">III. THE FRONT</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">It</span> was while our problem was in progress that General -Davis and part of his staff left for the front, -October 11th. A few days later, on October 17th, he -was followed by the rest of his staff. So the regiments -polished and oiled their materiel and entrained at the -camp for God-knows-where. One thing was certain -and that was we were going forward and not back, -for from Bordeaux it takes a boat to go in the latter -direction. It was at this time that we knew definitely -that the 301st was to leave the Brigade. It was to be -army artillery and received different orders, confirming -our fears when it was detached by telegraphic -order of October 2nd.</p> - -<p>Hardly had the General with a few members of his -staff arrived at the front when a stray shell killed his -aide, Lieutenant W. B. Dixon, Jr., October 19th, 1918. -He was buried with military honors where he fell near -Bouillonville. He had been with us but a few days, -but such was his personality and charm that he had -become as closely identified with the Brigade as the -oldest member of the staff. His death was a personal -loss to every one of us.</p> - -<p>Brigade Headquarters was established at St. Mihiel, -Meuse, October 19th, 1918, and the entries in the official -War Diary begin. I have the diary before me as<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span> -I write, and I feel that I cannot do better than take the -information therein practically word for word as it -was recorded each day from October 19th to November -11th.</p> - -<p>The famous salient of St. Mihiel had been wiped -out a month before. Having held it successfully for -four long years, the Germans considered their lines -there impenetrable; but it took the Yankees just two -short days, September 12th and 13th to reduce that -four years’ work to nothing, and on our side of the -balance sheet now stood several thousand prisoners -and a few hundred guns. It had happened a month -before, but the battle fields were still fresh with Hun -relics and ruins, and one had but to see to know that -Heine and Fritz had lost no time in their departure. -Everywhere ammunition dumps and other stores were -left untouched by the fleeing foe.</p> - -<p>October 19th the 151st Field Artillery Brigade, less -one regiment (the 301st) was attached to the 2nd -Colonial Corps (French) of the Second Army, -A. E. F., as corps artillery, with its rail head at Sorcy -and its Refilling Point at Woinville. The zones and -mission of the Brigade were assigned. In a general -way our sector extended from Bonzee to Vigneulles. -The line in this sector ran roughly northwest to southeast, -the Germans holding the villages of Ville en -Woevre, Pintheville, Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire, -Doncourt and Woel.</p> - -<p>October 21st was devoted to reconnaissance. The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span> -commanding officer, Colonel Conklin of the 303rd -F. A. and staff arrived. An air raid by the enemy -occurred at 7.00 p. m. They are all alike. This is -what happens. Delicate instruments more sensitive -than the human ear detect the sound of the aeroplane’s -engines at a great distance. These instruments are -placed at intervals along the lines at what are known -as listening posts or stations. Directly an enemy plane -is detected, its whereabouts and direction are telephoned -to the areas behind. There, the fact is announced -by a bugle call, followed by rattles, sirens -and every other variety of music. This is the first -you know of the “ships that pass in the night.” There -is a scramble for the nearest abri, otherwise known -as bomb-proof or dug-out. You stumble and fall down -a flight of steps and find yourself from twenty to forty -feet below ground. It is dark, and the air is damp and -smells vilely. There are from fifty to a hundred other -humans in this subterranean tomb, some lie down, -prepared to spend the night, others, half-clad, shiver -and wait. Then out of the distance you hear a faint -humming as of insects in summer. It grows louder. -It is the engines of the enemy’s planes. Suddenly Hell -is torn loose. The anti-aircraft guns or Archies, as -the British call them, have opened fire from the -ground. The planes return the compliment with bombs -and machine guns. A boiler factory in your head -would not be nearly so bad for your ears as the cracking -and shrieking that takes place. As suddenly as it<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span> -started it ceases. All is quiet. We go about our duties -or sleep, as the case may be, until the next raid occurs. -If it is a clear night and the planes are likely to return, -there are many who prefer to stay in the dug-out and -make a night of it there rather than spend the time -until morning running back and forth.</p> - -<p>October 22nd the work of reconnaissance for battery -positions and P. C.s<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> continued. More enemy -planes were seen over St. Mihiel. But this time it was -broad daylight; they reconnoitered and took photographs, -but there was no battle royal to disturb the -peace. Suddenly little balls of cotton appeared about -the plane. They were the bursts of some distant anti-aircraft -battery trying to annoy the aviator.</p> - -<p>October 23rd the commanding officer (Colonel -Platt) of the 302nd F. A. and staff arrived. In the -afternoon enemy airplanes made a reconnaissance. -The regimental advanced parties arrived.</p> - -<p>Reconnaissance was the chief work of the next few -days. Lieutenant Colonel McCabe of the 302nd taking -the area to the north of Bonzee. The Germans -must have had the same idea, for enemy aircraft continued -to pass over Headquarters.</p> - -<p>On October 28th the 33rd Division relieved the 79th -Division in this sector, the 55th Field Artillery Brigade -remaining in place, with its Headquarters at -Troyon (P. C. Kilbreith).</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_037.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Brigadier-General Daniel F. Craig</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span>By November 1st all the battery positions and P. -C.s were located and billets were obtained for the -regiments. Colonel Platt of the 302nd F. A. chose -some old German shelters near the one-time village of -St. Remy for his P. C. His batteries were to be -scattered through the Bois des Eparges, mostly to the -north. The 3rd Battalion was to be behind the hills -to the eastward. The country looked like pictures of -the moon sometimes reproduced in scientific magazines -because of interest but never on account of beauty. -Once there had been woods; now there was hardly a -tree standing. All vegetation had been killed by gas -and shell,—crater after crater gave mother earth a -very diseased appearance. Here we spent our days -and nights while the war lasted. Colonel Platt chose -Rupt for his billets.</p> - -<p>Colonel Conklin in selecting his P. C. showed better -taste. He found an old German Headquarters, built -like a Swiss chalet in the heart of the woods and far -away from harm. Here he settled comfortably, two -kilometres to the northeast of Deuxnouds and just -South of the Grande Tranchee de Calonne. He had -but two battalions. The first he placed to the east -of his P. C., the second about four kilometres to the -north.</p> - -<p>This same day liaison was established with S. R. S. -No. 3 American, and on November 2nd with S. R. -O. T. Nos. 58 and 67.</p> - -<p>November 3rd the Brigade Headquarters detachment<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span> -arrived and was billeted in St. Mihiel, and information -was received that the 302nd F. A. had detrained -at Dugny and was moving into Rupt en -Woevre.</p> - -<p>November 4th information was received that the -303rd F. A. had detrained at Dugny and was moving -into Creue. The 3rd Battalion of the 303rd was assigned -to the Fourth Army Corps.</p> - -<p>November 5th the Second Battalion of the 302nd -reported its guns in position and ready to open fire. -Hardly was this accomplished when the Huns began -to give them a taste of gas, over 3,000 rounds being -reported. One gun of Battery B, 303 F. A. was reported -to be in position. The Brigade was detached -from the 2nd C. A. C. (French), and was put under -the command of the 17th C. A. (French).</p> - -<p>November 6th one gun of the 303rd F. A. was ready -to fire at midnight and the other guns were being -moved up as fast as the positions were constructed.</p> - -<p>From 10.00 p. m. November 6th to 2.00 p. m. November -7th, about 3,000 gas shells, mostly mustard, -fell near B and F Batteries of the 302nd F. A., but -though other artillery units nearby had a number of -men gassed, the 302nd F. A. had no casualties, thanks -to strict and effectual gas discipline.</p> - -<p>In the vicinity of P. C. Gross, Second Battalion of -the 303d, about two hundred gas and high explosive -shells fell, also without casualties.</p> - -<p>In the afternoon Field Order No. 1 was issued directing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span> -the 302nd to deliver harassing fire during the -night on Ville en Woevre and on the roads from that -place to Braquis and Hennemont. The 303rd F. A. -was to fire on Hennemont, Pareid, Maizeray and Moulotte. -At 6.10 the orders were changed by telephone -on account of later information, with the result that -the 302nd F. A. took under fire two additional targets, -which were identified only by their coordinates. The -303rd fired at Pareid and Moulotte and on a battery -in the Bois de Harville.</p> - -<p>On the night of November 6th and 7th, in a two -company infantry raid with artillery support against -the Chateau d’Ardnois, one German officer and twenty-two -men were captured and from ten to fourteen -killed. Our own casualties were slight. There was -very little enemy artillery fire during the day. At -9.15 however, on the night of November 7th, the -operations officer of the 55th Field Artillery Brigade -at P. C. Kilbreith reported heavy shelling by the -enemy of Fresnes en Woevre. This village was now -strongly held by our troops, and it was thought that -the German fire was in retaliation for the raid. Our -Sound Ranging Section S. R. S. No. 3 had located -the enemy batteries that were executing the fire and -we were asked for neutralization at the earliest possible -moment. This order was sent to the 303rd F. A. -by courier and telephone. At 11.00 a. m. the enemy -having ceased his fire, the 303rd F. A. was ordered -to discontinue firing. Field Order No. 2 was then<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span> -issued authorizing the 303rd F. A. to fire at once for -neutralization upon any enemy battery reported in -action beyond Maizeray. In the meantime Major -Hadley’s Battalion of the 302nd F. A. was fired upon -by the enemy with gas shells. Captain Lefferts was -the only casualty.</p> - -<p>On November 8th two strong patrols of our infantry, -sent early in the morning to the Bois de Harville -and St. Hilaire, brought back three prisoners. The -33rd Division reported considerable harassing fire -about Les Eparges and Saulx en Woevre, with some -interdiction fire on the villages at the base of the hills. -The total was about 3,000 rounds. This was the first -day that the air was clear enough for the G. P. F.s -to register, and Colonel Conklin registered on Joinville. -Shortly after 4.00 o’clock, Balloon No. 22 reported -two batteries firing. They were given to the -303rd F. A. for immediate neutralization. In the -meantime, orders had been sent out for the night’s -firing, the targets assigned to the 303rd F. A. being -two batteries of 105 howitzers in the Bois de Harville -and the towns Maizeray and Butgneville. The 302nd -F. A. was given the Pintheville-Maizeray road, the -Pintheville-Pareid road, Maizeray, Butgneville and -St. Hilaire, the latter being the most important. The -fire was to stop at 3.00 a. m. to permit an infantry -raid to go into St. Hilaire and the vicinity. These -orders, sent by telephone and courier, were in response -to a request for help from the Divisional Artillery.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span> -They were followed by a Memorandum to the regiments -designating the zones in which, after the start -of the infantry raid on November 9th, it would not -be safe for them to fire without express authority.</p> - -<p>On November 9th a change of organization occurred -as a result of the removal of a large part of the French -Artillery from the sector. The two batteries which -were left,—one of 120 long and one of 155 long,—were -taken over by General Davis and assigned to -the command of Colonel Platt of the 302nd F. A. in -what then became known as the Groupment Platt. -General Davis thus became Commander of the Corps -Artillery of the sector.</p> - -<p>Early in the morning of this same day, a request -was received from the infantry through the Operations -Officer of the 55th Field Artillery Brigade for help -in a raid. It appeared that lack of ammunition for -the Divisional artillery threatened to deprive the infantry -of much needed artillery assistance. Orders -were issued for concentration fire between 2.00 and -5.00 a. m. on Maizeray, Butgneville and St. Hilaire -and between 5.00 and 6.45 a. m. on Maizeray and -Butgneville. With the approval of Corps Artillery -Headquarters the regiments were permitted to use -ammunition beyond that authorized for daily expenditure.</p> - -<p>The strong reconnoitering patrols sent out by the -33rd Division executed the raid on Marcheville. It -was completely successful and resulted in the capture<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span> -of eighty prisoners including three officers. Patrols -near Pintheville and Riaville met strong resistance. -At 3.50 p. m. an enemy barrage of about 4,000 shells -was laid down between Fresnes and Wadonville, probably -in retaliation for the raid of the previous night. -Orders were issued that the regiments should fire at -once on any batteries reported in action by the Sound -Ranging Section (S. R. S. No. 3) and that every clear -day should be utilized for registration. During the -afternoon the 303rd F. A. was directed to fire on two -batteries of 210 howitzers,—one near Labouville and -the others northeast of Joinville,—and on a battery -of medium calibre, just south of Moulotte.</p> - -<p>Late in the afternoon we were informed that an -infantry raid would take place at H hour next morning -on our front. The Groupment Platt were ordered -to fire on Maizeray and on the road between -Pintheville and Maizeray. The 303rd was to fire on -Maizeray, Harville and the same stretch of road and -on batteries reported firing from points back of Maizeray. -The fire of both groups was to last for 105 -minutes after H hour and at 2.20 in the morning, -notification was sent by courier to the commanding -officers of the two regiments that H hour would be -5.45 a. m.</p> - -<p>At 8.30 in the evening the General ordered a concentration -by the 302nd F. A. on Riaville, Pintheville -and the road connecting them, to be fired between midnight -and 3 a. m. At 8.45, the 303rd F. A. was given<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span> -counter-battery work in answer to a call from the -Divisional Artillery Headquarters.</p> - -<p>Upon the change in organization mentioned above, -the advanced location for our Brigade P. C. was fixed -at Creue. The regiments were ordered to reconnoitre -to find locations for at least some of their guns out -on the Plain of Woevre where they would be able to -reach some of the German long range artillery which -had been bothering us, and also follow up the advance -of our infantry for a long distance without changing -position for a second time.</p> - -<p>On November 10th a general advance was ordered -to begin at 7.00 a. m. but the order did not reach our -Brigade. However, this information was obtained incidentally -by the Brigade Commander, and at 10.40 -a. m. orders were issued for the regiments to provide -advance telephone lines, with a view to establishing -forward P. C.s. At the same time the Brigade P. C. -was opened at Creue. A series of orders were issued -over the telephone with reference to a change of positions -by the 302nd F. A. and the 303rd F. A. and at -11.48 we received orders from the corps that the 4.7 -regiment must advance as soon as possible. Orders -were sent to them to complete all reconnaissance and -prepare to move immediately. At 1.25 orders were -received from the corps to move two batteries of the -303rd F. A. with 400 rounds of ammunition at the tail -of the main body of the 33rd Division in advance. It -was thought that this was based on the supposition<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span> -that the enemy was going to retire, which he had no -intention of doing, as later developments showed.</p> - -<p>At 4.00 o’clock in the afternoon, word having been -received that the country to the north and east of -Bonzee was occupied by the enemy, an officer was sent -to the 33rd Division occupying our sector and another -to the 81st Division on our left to find out the true -state of affairs. There proved to be no basis whatever -for this report, as the 33rd Division was holding its -forward line in great strength with a view to attacking -on the morning of the 11th, and the 81st Division -was also reinforced for a continuation of their attack, -begun on the 10th.</p> - -<p>General Bailey, commanding the 81st Division and -Colonel Roberts, Chief of Staff, urgently requested -artillery help in their attack on Ville en Woevre, Hennemont -and other points. The Brigade supported these -attacks between 5.00 and 7.00.</p> - -<p>The commanding General of the 33rd Division, having -received orders to advance, called for support from -the Corps Artillery on Pintheville, Harville, Moulotte, -Maizeray, Pareid and batteries in the Bois de Harville -and elsewhere. This support was given between -9.25 p. m. November 10th and 5.00 a. m. November -11th.</p> - -<p>At 7.30 p. m. the 302nd F. A. was ordered to move -one battalion into the advanced positions in the Plain -of the Woevre and to have another battalion in motion -so as to reach its advanced position on the 11th while<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span> -the guns held in reserve were to continue the firing. -One battalion, in accordance with these instructions, -took position on the Plain of the Woevre near Tresauvaux, -well in advance of the main body of the infantry -and of the resistance line. It remained there overnight -and until ordered to withdraw on the morning -of the 11th, when news was received that the armistice -had been signed.</p> - -<p>In the meantime, three guns of the 303rd F. A. -were successfully moved into similar forward positions -from which, if fighting had continued, they might -have done highly effective work against some of the -distance long range German guns, especially those that -had been bothering St. Maurice, Thillot and other -towns along the base of the hills. The Brigade fired -736 rounds in the course of the day, against a number -of different targets assigned from time to time by -Brigade Headquarters, or reported direct to the regiments -by the S. R. S.</p> - -<p>At about ten o’clock on the night of the 10th the -French corps commander under whom we were serving, -said he expected important news from the Eiffel -Tower wireless station before morning. He asked -Brigade Headquarters to notify him should our wireless -pick up anything of interest. Taking the daily -communiques from the Eiffel Tower had been part of -our routine work, so the operators knew her<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> voice<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span> -intimately. Accordingly they were not unduly surprised -when she started her familiar squeak early on -that historic morning. Received at 5.45 a. m. November -11th, the message that the armistice had been -signed and that hostilities were to cease at 11.00 a. m. -was reported at the Brigade P. C., Creue, by telephone -from the St. Mihiel Headquarters. To the credit of -the Brigade let it be known that it was from our station -that the news was given to the entire sector.</p> - -<p>The 33rd Division attacked at 5.00 a. m. Strong -patrols sent out along the front captured three officers -and eighty-three men. Infantry lines were established -at the close of hostilities as follows: Chateau d’Aulnois, -Riaville, Marcheville, St. Hilaire, south of Butgneville, -Bois de Harville thence southward to Ferma -d’Hautes Journeux. These towns were taken on the -morning of the 11th. It was a glorious piece of work -but hardly worth the price in American life it involved. -The Germans, pushed to the limit, made a last stubborn -resistance and from behind their fortifications -and barbed wire delivered a murderous fire on our -troops with rear guard machine gun action from hidden -nests. The battlefield as I saw it that afternoon, -I shall not soon forget. There lay an American sergeant, -where he had fallen, and behind him lay his -men, not twenty yards from the German machine gun -they were attacking. My thoughts were first of sorrow -that these men should have made the supreme -sacrifice in those last minutes of the great war. In<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span> -those fine young faces still shone the joy of life, theirs -but yesterday, when they had thought of home and all -it held in store. But I read another story, that of -peace, such as is only experienced after a hard struggle -won and as I looked at the scene I felt a thrill of pride. -What a sacrifice! but God, how gloriously made!</p> - -<p>The plans for the early morning attack contemplated -prearranged firing by the Corps Artillery until 7.00 -a. m. Information that the Armistice had been signed -having arrived at 5.45 a. m., the Heavy Artillery Commander -at that hour ordered no more firing, unless -urgently called for by some infantry unit which was -in need of help or was being effectively shelled. The -advance Brigade P. C. at Creue was closed at 11.00 -a. m. Ammunition had been brought up during the -night and the corps artillery stood ready with some of -its guns advanced beyond the main line of resistance, -to support fully a further general infantry attack.</p> - -<p>At 10.55 on the morning of the Armistice, the 303rd -Band at Creue played taps, then the Marseillaise, then -the Star Spangled Banner and then Reveille. All that -morning the artillery thundered and was still thundering -when the music started. When it stopped, all was -still.</p> - -<p>On the afternoon of November 12th I walked along -our front between the lines. The stillness of peace -was upon the earth where but yesterday the din of -bloody battle reigned. Our lines were held by a series -of sentries walking their posts as if on parade. Over<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span> -yonder the Germans were doing likewise. The sun -shone in gladness upon the scene. The air was crisp -and the reliefs were gathering wood for their fires. -As the shadows grew longer and the sun set in a blaze -of glory, the figures of the sentries grew dim, but their -positions became identified by the bonfires they had -kindled which now alone marked the lines. As I -turned to go, rockets once used to call for a barrage -or as a warning of gas lit the sky. Thus ended the war.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">SUMMARY</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">A resume</span> of the history of the 151st Field Artillery -Brigade during its short term at the front shows a -great variety of services and connections.</p> - -<p>Originally constituting a part of the Artillery of the -Second Army, the Brigade was attached on its arrival -in the zone of advance to the Second Colonial Corps -of the French army in the Troyon sector, where it -served under General Blondlat, Corps commander and -General Jaquet, Chief of Artillery.</p> - -<p>The Second Colonial Corps was relieved by the 17th -French Corps, General Hellot commanding, General -Walch, Chief of Artillery. On October 29th, the -Brigade came under their command.</p> - -<p>On November 13th the Brigade was assigned to the -Fourth American Corps. When the Fourth Corps -moved forward at 5.00 a. m., November 17th, the -Brigade passed into the Second Army Reserve. When -the regiments first came into the St. Mihiel sector, the -infantry holding it were the 79th Division of the American -Army, General Joseph E. Kuhn commanding; -the 39th French Infantry Division and the 28th French -Regiment of Dismounted Cavalry. On the 28th of -October, however, the 79th was relieved by the 33rd -American Division, General George Bell commanding.</p> - -<p>The 39th French Infantry Division and the 28th<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span> -regiment of Dismounted Cavalry were withdrawn and -the sector of the 17th Corps was from Vigneulles to -Bonzee.</p> - -<p>The Corps Artillery, 151st Brigade and two batteries -of French Artillery à Pied, covered the entire front -of fifteen kilometres.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>This is the story of our few days at the front before -the Armistice, and this is what we did in the actual -fighting.</p> - -<p>I have been obliged for lack of space and knowledge -to omit those things most interesting to the individual—little -incidentals, perhaps from the point of view of -the rest of us, but to him they constituted the war, -and always will. For this reason they will remain -forever vivid pictures in his memory and are therefore -not necessary to chronicle. At the same time it will -do no harm to recall a few more facts and feelings that -all in one way or another experienced during that -momentous although brief period of our lives. Mud is -perhaps the foremost to the author. But there were -others. At night there was not a light as we stumbled -and cursed, feeling our way in those ruined villages; -automobiles and trucks travelled similarly without -lights in the jet blackness, sometimes on the road but -more often off it. And the drivers, let us not forget -them and their troubles: the sinking feeling in the -region of the stomach as the truck, laden to its limit<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span> -with ammunition, would itself first sink and then stick -in that sea of mud. Tired to the point of exhaustion, -they would dig for hours and get out only to be in -again a hundred yards down the road. Or perhaps -Buddy, with his truck, would try to pull us out with -the result that he too got stuck. Then there were the -nights spent going into position where the impossible -was often accomplished,—that was work such as few -outside of the army will experience,—but it was exciting -and it was necessary, and that explains how it -was done. Following this were the nights spent in -serving the guns,—sleepless nights,—but it was fun, -and the excitement made it interesting. Last but not -least, let us recall for a second, if we can, how it felt -to be under fire,—but most of us were too busy and -tired to have any feelings. Such as they were they -were hardly pleasant.</p> - -<p>While most of the Brigade was thus solving its -troubles, the 3rd Battalion of the 303rd was having -troubles of its own. Detached from the Brigade and -assigned to the Fourth Corps on November 4th, they -were ordered to take a position a thousand metres in -front of the Seventy-fives and about the same distance -behind our own front line. The terrain assigned them -for their guns was a wooded swamp, perhaps a thousand -metres from the road. It was down this road -that they brought their guns under practically continuous -enemy fire. Nor did the fire stop when they -reached their positions. Just as regularly as the half<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span> -hours came around on the clock so did the Germans go -the rounds of these two batteries and Battalion Headquarters -with high explosive and gas. There were -many narrow escapes but no serious casualties. The -dispersion of the German guns and the regularity with -which they fired were alone responsible, so say the -Third Battalion. But I am inclined to think, in spite -of German declarations of “Gott mit Uns”, that the -Bon Dieu was on our side; for besides the elements -above mentioned, practically every direct hit or what -was so close as to amount to a direct hit, proved to -be a dud. Of the labors involved in taking this position -and the will that delivered the goods we cannot -say enough. The job was done and done gloriously.</p> - -<p>While the Brigade, minus one regiment, was disporting -itself in and about St. Mihiel, that regiment, -the 301st F. A. was ordered to another part of the -front, November 2nd. Accordingly they went to Neufchateau -near Chaumont, where they were to become a -part of the Army Artillery for the 1st army. There -they were held in reserve and obliged to wait for further -orders, which did not come. Finally it was learnt -that they were to move forward and take up positions -about November 12th, but the Germans also hearing -of this, signed the Armistice on the 11th. So it was -that our lost regiment did not get into action. We -sympathize with them, but we do not feel as they do, -for we know the goods were there and given the opportunity, -would have been delivered. On November<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span> -29th they were ordered to prepare for return to the -United States. Many miserable weeks followed at -Brest, but finally, one glorious day, the Statue of -Liberty appeared before them and January 6th, 1919, -they landed in New York from the good ship “Nieuw -Amsterdam”. In this the rest of the Brigade fared -not so well.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_055.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Colonel Arthur Conklin</span></p> - -<p>After the Armistice was signed, the regiments were -withdrawn to billets and the materiel was parked. The -302nd returned to Rupt en Woevre, where they got -busy on the famous show they produced a few weeks -later. The 303rd were not as easily satisfied. They -had some troops still in and about the positions,—some -more at Creue, a lot more at Savannieres, and -the 3rd Battalion which had rejoined the regiment -was now at St. Christophe Ferme. Later, the First -and Second Battalions moved to Troyon and the Third -Battalion to Ambly, while regimental Headquarters -was established at St. Mihiel.</p> - -<p>While thus in billets there were many rumors, but -they were mostly of “occupation” with the Third -Army. The fact was, we were kept busy policing the -villages and a good part of France. The part we got -was not in the very best of order, so we had our hands -full. At the same time it was not all work; the 302nd -show took us out of the mud and gunk of the busted -villages of France and dropped us temporarily in front -of the foot-lights of Broadway. There were other -bright spots but they were not the weather. Meantime<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span> -we waited for we knew not what. We got to know -our French brothers in arms, and we sympathized with -them for all they had lost. But they demanded our -admiration even more than our sympathy. In the -face of ruined homes and brothers lost, they could -say: “C’est la guerre” and could sing with us the Marseillaise -and Madelon:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse"><i>Quand Madelon vient nous servir a boire</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>Sous la tonnelle au frole de son jupon</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>Et gue chaqu’un lui raconte une histoire,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>Une histoire a sa façon</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>La Madelon pour nous n’est pas sévère</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>Lorsqu’on lui prend la taille ou le menton,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>Elle rit, c’est tous le mal qu’elle sait faire,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>Madelon, <span class="gap"> Madelon,</span><span class="gap"> Madelon.</span></i></div> -</div></div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">IV. HOME</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">On</span> December 20th the order to prepare arrived. -Prepare for what? The United States of America. -My God was it possible? Where were they? But it -was so, and a better Christmas present would have -been hard to find. This was our second Christmas in -the army, and apparently it was to be our last. Cheers! -The occasion however recalled a remark attributed to -General Pershing in August as follows: “Hell, Heaven -or Hoboken by Christmas.” He was right, and we got -seats at the first show on his list.</p> - -<p>On January 3rd 1919, the Brigade was ordered to -Bordeaux for transportation to the United States, and -on January 8th it entrained at Bannoncourt. It was -hoped by all that we would return to our old billets,—but -no, they took us back to that Godforsaken Camp -de Souge. We arrived January 11th. However it -would not be for long and we were on our way home. -All were cheerful,—some artificially so. Little did -we realize that it was to be a stay of three long months -and that we would be allowed to amuse ourselves with -skinning mules and guard duty. Looking backwards -we can laugh, but I doubt if we could have done so -at the time had we known how long it was to be. On -February 4th the General and some of his staff sailed -from Genecart on the “Matsonia”. This was encouraging;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span> -we would follow soon, but we did not. -However on March 18th we moved to Pauillac, about -twenty-five miles down the river from Bordeaux, -where there are docks and delousing plants.</p> - -<p>And on April 13th we sailed for Boston on the -“Santa Rosa”. And here I must leave, for it is the -author’s desire that this little sketch be ready when -the brigade lands.</p> - -<p>And what has it all amounted to? To many at first -thought it has been but a year and a half taken out of -their lives. But let us consider for a second. Here -was every American energy bent for the first time to -the accomplishment of a single purpose. The individual -and his every interest was sacrificed for a great -cause. We learned that there was something bigger -than self and more worth while. We learned to appreciate -our vast country as we should have been able -to do in no other way.</p> - - -<p class="center">“NOT WHAT WE DID,<br /> -BUT WHAT WE WERE WILLING TO DO.”</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">INDIVIDUAL SERVICE RECORD</h2> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" >AUTOGRAPHS</h2> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="ph1">FOOTNOTES:</p> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[A]</a> Kitchen Police.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[B]</a> The 346th and 347th regiments were temporarily brigaded -with us for administrative purposes.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[C]</a> Poste de Commande</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[D]</a> The Eiffel Tower was known among the operators as “Ethel”.</p> - -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="transnote"> -<p class="ph1">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:</p> - - -<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p> - -<p>Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized.</p> - -<p>Archaic or variant spelling has been retained.</p> -</div></div> - - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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