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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a17a26 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #69152 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/69152) diff --git a/old/69152-0.txt b/old/69152-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c87c617..0000000 --- a/old/69152-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2626 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of A journal containing an accurate & -interesting account of the hardships, sufferings, battles, defeat, & -captivity of those heroic Kentucky volunteers & regulars, commanded by -General Winchester, in the year 1812-13, by Elias Darnell - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: A journal containing an accurate & interesting account of the - hardships, sufferings, battles, defeat, & captivity of those - heroic Kentucky volunteers & regulars, commanded by General - Winchester, in the year 1812-13 - Also, two narratives, by men, that were wounded in the battles on - the River Raisin, and taken captive by the Indians - -Author: Elias Darnell - -Release Date: October 13, 2022 [eBook #69152] - -Language: English - -Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A JOURNAL CONTAINING AN -ACCURATE & INTERESTING ACCOUNT OF THE HARDSHIPS, SUFFERINGS, BATTLES, -DEFEAT, & CAPTIVITY OF THOSE HEROIC KENTUCKY VOLUNTEERS & REGULARS, -COMMANDED BY GENERAL WINCHESTER, IN THE YEAR 1812-13 *** - - - - - - A - - JOURNAL - - CONTAINING - - AN ACCURATE AND INTERESTING ACCOUNT - - OF THE - - HARDSHIPS, SUFFERINGS, BATTLES, DEFEAT, - AND CAPTIVITY - - OF THOSE HEROIC - - KENTUCKY - - VOLUNTEERS AND REGULARS, - - COMMANDED BY - - GENERAL WINCHESTER, - - In the Years 1812-13. - - ALSO, - - TWO NARRATIVES, - - BY MEN THAT WERE WOUNDED IN THE BATTLES ON THE RIVER - RAISIN, AND TAKEN CAPTIVE BY THE INDIANS. - - BY ELIAS DARNELL. - - PHILADELPHIA: - LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO, AND CO. - 1854. - - - - - PHILADELPHIA: - - T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The author of this Journal wrote it for his own satisfaction. When -he returned home, he was induced to show it to a number of his -acquaintances for their information. Several, on whose judgment he -could rely, requested him to publish it to the world. He begs leave -simply to remark that he was an eye and ear witness to many things he -has narrated. He has represented things as he understood and remembered -them. Other facts he obtained from testimony in which he could fully -confide. It is worthy of remark that witnesses of probity, in giving -their testimony in courts respecting the same things, often differ -from one another as to many circumstances, owing to their different -capacities, positions, and the like. It may be expected, therefore, -that some who were in the army, may not exactly agree with the author -in all things stated in this Journal. Let that be as it may, he is -conscious that he sought the most correct information, and that he -endeavored to communicate it in a plain, perspicuous style. If he has -made any important mistakes, should those interested convince him of -them, in a friendly way, he will use the best means in his power to -correct them. - -As to the narratives subjoined to this Journal, they are short, and he -thinks, interesting. He is acquainted with Mr. Davenport, and believes -him to be a man of veracity. He had no acquaintance with Mr. Mallary -before he applied to him for his narrative. His acquaintances will best -know what credit ought to be given to him. - -The gentlemen who gave the narratives, it is obvious, are the _only -persons responsible for the truth of them_. - -The whole is, with diffidence, submitted to the candor of a generous -public, by - - ELIAS DARNELL. - - - - -JOURNAL OF THE CAMPAIGN, - -_&c. &c._ - - -For a few years past differences existed between the United States of -America and the Kingdom of Great Britain. Every possible means had been -used on the part of the executive and legislative departments of the -general government of the United States, to adjust those differences -upon honorable and equitable terms. But Great Britain treated every -reasonable proposition with haughtiness and contempt, and still -persisted in violating the just rights of the Americans, by committing -depredations on the high seas, and by impressing the citizens of the -United States into the service of his Majesty, and employing the -savages to murder the defenceless inhabitants of the frontiers. The -United States having long borne these outrages with great patience, at -length wearied with insults, resorted to the last and most painful -alternative of declaring war (which was done on the 18th of June, -1812); and the government having called for volunteers, more than the -quota of this State rallied round their country’s standard, ready to -assist in a vigorous prosecution of the war, in order to hasten a -speedy and honorable peace. - -General Hull having been appointed by the general government to take -possession of part of Upper Canada, his forces, amounting to about -3,000, not being considered sufficient to execute that design, three -regiments of volunteer infantry and one regiment of United States -infantry, amounting in all to about 2,300, were called and destined to -his assistance. - -Agreeably to a general order, the following regiments rendezvoused at -Georgetown, August 15, 1812, to wit:-- - -The first regiment was commanded by Colonel John M. Scott, the fifth -regiment was commanded by Colonel William Lewis, the first rifle -regiment by Colonel John Allen, the 17th United States regiment by -Colonel Samuel Wells; the whole under the command of Brigadier-General -Payne. - -_16th._ The troops paraded early in the morning, and were received -by Governor Scott. We paraded again at 10 o’clock, and marched to a -convenient place in close order, where the Rev. Mr. Blythe preached -a short sermon, and the Honorable Henry Clay delivered an appropriate -discourse. - -_17th._ The troops were inspected by Major Garrard. - -_18th._ We drew two months’ pay in advance. There being a general -complaint amongst the volunteers respecting sixteen dollars, which -were expected to be drawn in lieu of clothing, Major Graves paraded -his battalion, and gave them their choice to go on without the sixteen -dollars, or return home. _Six_ chose to return; these, to fix an odium -upon them, were drummed out of camp and through town. - -_19th._ We commenced our march in high spirits to join General Hull -at Detroit, or in Canada. Each regiment, for convenience and speed, -marched separately to Newport. We arrived at Newport the 24th; it -is 80 miles from Georgetown. It rained most of the time, which made -it disagreeable travelling and encamping. These hardships tended a -little to quench the excessive patriotic flame that had blazed so -conspicuously at the different musters and barbecues. - -Here we received information of General Hull having surrendered Detroit -and Michigan Territory to General Brock, on the 15th of this instant, -while in possession of the necessary means to have held that post -against the forces of Upper Canada.[A] This we could not believe -until confirmed by handbills and good authority; when thus confirmed, -it appeared to make serious impressions on the minds of officers and -privates. Those high expectations of participating with General Hull in -the laurels to be acquired by the conquest of Malden and Upper Canada, -were entirely abandoned. - -We drew our arms and accoutrements, and crossed the Ohio on the 27th. -Our destiny was thought to be Fort Wayne. - -The following general order will show some of the evolutions which were -performed by this army while on its march. - - “HEADQUARTERS, _Cincinnati, August 23, 1812_. - - “The troops will commence their march in the direction to Dayton, - by Lebanon, at an early hour to-morrow morning. The generale will - be beat instead of the reveille; the tents will then be struck, the - baggage loaded, and the line of march taken up as soon as possible. - - “The commandants of the several corps will immediately commence - drilling their men to the performance of the evolutions contemplated - by the commander-in-chief, for the order of march and battle. The - principal feature in all these evolutions is that of a battalion - changing its direction by swinging on its centre. This, however, is - not to be done by wheeling, which, by a large body in the woods, is - impracticable. It is to be formed thus: the battalion being on its - march in a single rank, and its centre being ascertained, the front - division comes to the right about, excepting the man in the rear of - that division who steps two paces to the right, at the same time - the front man of the second division takes a position about four - feet to the left of the man in the rear of the front division, and - dresses with him in a line at right angles to the line of march. - These two men acting as marks or guides for the formation of the new - alignment at the word--Form the new alignment, March! the men of the - front division file round their guide, and form in succession on - his right. At the same time the men of the rear division file up in - succession to the left of the guide, and dress in a line with him and - the guide of the front division. This manœuvre may be performed by - any number of men, by company and platoon as well as battalion. - - “WM. H. HARRISON, - “_Major-General Commanding_.” - - -_31st._ General Harrison overtook the army between Lebanon and Dayton. -He was received joyfully by all the troops as commander-in-chief, with -three cheers. - -_September 1._ The army arrived at Dayton, fifty miles from Cincinnati, -and was saluted by the firing of cannon. One of the men who were firing -the cannon got one of his hands shot off, and the other badly wounded. -We arrived at Piqua, September 3, thirty miles from Dayton, on the Big -Miami. - -_4th._ Received information of the critical situation of Fort Wayne. -Colonel Allen’s[B] regiment and two companies from Colonel Lewis’s, -drew twenty-four rounds of ammunition, and started with all possible -speed to the relief of that fort. - -_5th._ General Harrison having paraded the remaining part of the army -in a circle in close order, delivered a speech to them, stating that he -had just received intelligence from Fort Wayne; that it was in great -danger of being taken by the Indians and British; he said that we were -under the necessity of making a forced march to their relief. He read -some of the articles of war, and stated the absolute necessity of such -regulations and restrictions in an army, and if there were any who -could not feel willing to submit to those articles and go on with him -they might then return home. _One man_ belonging to Colonel Scott’s -regiment made a choice of returning home, rather than submit to those -terms. Some of his acquaintances got a permit to escort him part of the -way home. Two of them got him upon a rail and carried him to the river; -a crowd followed after; they ducked him several times in the water, and -washed away all his patriotism. - -_6th._ We marched at 12 o’clock--we left all our sick and part of -our clothing and baggage at Piqua, in order to make as much speed as -possible. On the morning of the 8th, three miles from St. Mary’s, one -of Captain M‘Gowen’s company was accidentally shot through the body by -one of the sentinels; the surgeon thought it mortal.[C] We marched -four miles and encamped near the River St. Mary’s, one mile from the -fort. General Harrison called the army together and stated, through -emergency, we must be on half rations of flour for a few days, but -should draw a ration and a half of beef, as he wished to go as light -and as quick as possible. He said, “any who do not feel willing to go -on these terms may remain at the fort and have plenty.” I know of none -that stayed. St. Mary’s block-house is thirty miles from Piqua, on the -River St. Mary’s. - -_9th._ We marched through some first-rate woodland, and through a -large prairie of the best quality. It is badly watered; the water in -the wagon-ruts was the only drink we could get to cool our scorching -thirst, and but very little of that. We encamped near the River St. -Mary’s, eighteen miles from the fort. At 11 o’clock and at 3 we were -alarmed by the sentinels firing several guns; we formed in order of -battle, and stood so fifteen minutes. - -The following extract of a general order is designed to show the order -of battle for night and day attack. - - “HEADQUARTERS, - “_Second Crossing of St. Mary’s, Sept. 10, 1812_. - - “The signal for a general charge will be beating the _long-roll_. - Officers and men will be upon their arms and in their clothes. - - “Two or more guns firing in succession will constitute an alarm, at - which the whole army will parade in the order of encampment (that - is, in a hollow square), unless otherwise directed. When a sentinel - discharges his gun in the night the officer of the guard to whom he - belongs will immediately ascertain the cause, and should he have - sufficient reason to believe, on an examination, that an enemy - is near, he will cause two guns to be fired in quick succession. - Should the firing of a sentinel appear to have proceeded from a - cause not sufficient to give an alarm, the officer of the guard will - immediately call out ‘_all is well_,’ which will be repeated through - the army. The same thing will take place upon an accidental fire made - in the day. - - “The order of battle for rear attack will be so far attended with - regard to the rear line; the rear battalions of Colonel Lewis’s - regiment and Colonel Allen’s only are to turn upon their centre, - while the heads of the front battalions are to close up the - front lines, then, facing from the centre, march out until they - respectively gain the flanks of the front line. Should the attack - be in front, the senior officer nearest the flank battalion will - judge of the propriety of bringing up that battalion to form on the - flank of the front line. The second battalion of Colonel Lewis’s - and Colonel Allen’s regiments will, in all cases, close up as the - leading battalions shall advance, and make room for them. Captain - Garrard’s troop, forming the rear guard, will also close up and act - as circumstances may require. - - “WM. H. HARRISON, - “_Major-General Commanding_.” - -_10th._ The order of march for the infantry was as follows: the first -and fifth regiments formed one line in single file on the left, two -hundred yards from the road, the 17th United States and the rifle -regiments on the right in the same manner. The baggage in the road. The -order of march for the horse troops: One of Colonel Adams’s battalions -of Ohio volunteers was placed at the distance of half a mile in front -of the columns of infantry, and marched in columns of companies in -files, and in such open order as to cover the whole front of the army. -The other battalion of Ohio volunteers formed the right flank guard -of the army, at the distance of three hundred yards from the column -of infantry, and parallel to it. The Kentucky mounted riflemen on the -left, the same distance from the left column of infantry for the left -flank guard; Captain Garrard’s troop formed the rear guard. We marched -twelve miles. - -_11th._ The spies wounded an Indian and got his gun and blanket; our -day’s march was eleven miles; we stopped earlier than usual in order to -make breastworks, and because it was a convenient place for water. We -fortified this place very strongly with timber. At 11 o’clock the camp -was alarmed by the firing of many guns by the sentinels. The whole army -was formed in quick time, the horse troops being in the centre ready to -assist any line or to obey any order which might be given. One half of -the men were dismissed and retired to their tents for one hour, then -they relieved the first half. At 3 o’clock another alarm took place -from the sentinels, a general parade was again made. We stood in order -of battle for some time. The watchword was “_fight on_,” after which -this place was called “Fort Fight On.” - -_12th._ We continued our march towards Fort Wayne with as much caution -as the nature of our hurrying would admit; we expected to meet with -the enemy before we reached the fort. In a certain well-known swamp, -through which we had to pass, we thought probably the enemy would -harbor. We passed the swamp unmolested for a mile, we were then -alarmed. The rear battalions formed in order of battle, but saw no -enemy to fight; we immediately resumed our march. This alarm and the -one the night preceding seemed to shake the boasted valor of some of -our bravest heroes. - -This day’s march was twenty miles to Fort Wayne, through a great -deal of first-rate land, rich, level, and well timbered, but badly -watered near the road; we suffered extremely for water these three -days. Our arrival at this fort gave great joy to the inhabitants, who -were one company of regular troops and a few families. The Indians -had closely invested the fort for several days, and burned the United -States factory and all the other valuable houses which were not inside -of the stockading. Three of our men who were caught out of the fort -were killed by the Indians. The Indians encamped about the fort two -weeks before they made the attack on it, and were admitted in by -Captain Ray, the commanding officer of the garrison, who would have -surrendered to the savages, had it not been for his lieutenant, who -defended the fort with great bravery. Three Indians were killed and a -few wounded. Captain Ray was arrested and would have been broken had -he not resigned. The fort was well provided for a siege, having in it -one hundred men, plenty of provisions, ammunition, four small pieces of -cannon, and a good well of water. - -Fort Wayne is one of the most elegant situations I ever saw, and must -be an important place to the United States. Three weeks ago the -neighborhood around the fort would have exhibited a pleasing prospect -to those who had seen nothing for several days but a dreary wilderness -of one hundred miles. A number of well-cultivated farms, with neat -houses, in view of the fort, would have excited emotions of pleasure. I -suppose there were four hundred acres of land in cultivation. All the -houses were reduced to ashes, together with a large quantity of small -grain and hay, by the savages; they were principally Pottowatomies; -they also destroyed all the stock of every kind about these farms, -which was very considerable. Fort Wayne is situated on the south side -of the River Maumee, opposite the junction of the River St. Mary’s and -St. Joseph, which are considerable navigable streams in lat. 41° 4′, N. -long. 11° 5′ west from the meridian of Philadelphia. - -We were alarmed by the report of some guns which were fired by the -sentinels; we formed in order of battle for half an hour, during which -time it rained very hard, and rendered many of our guns unfit to do -execution, except the bayonets. The alarm must have proceeded from the -timidity of the sentinels. - -_14th._ The whole force was divided and placed under the command of -General Payne and Colonel Wells. General Payne’s command was composed -of Colonel Lewis’s regiment, Colonel Allen’s and Captain Garrard’s -troop. Colonel Wells’s command was composed of Colonel Scott’s -regiment, the regulars and the mounted riflemen. General Payne was -instructed to destroy the Miami towns at the forks of the Wabash. -Colonel Wells was directed against the Pottowatomies’s village at -Elkheart. General Harrison thought proper to go with General Payne; -so we proceeded on to the waters of the Wabash; five miles from Fort -Wayne we encamped. Next morning we came to an Indian hut and a small -cornfield, two miles from our encampment; here all the wagons and -baggage were left, and Captain Langhorne’s company as a guard; from -this place we marched twenty-three miles to an Indian town at the forks -of the Wabash; we found the town evacuated; we pulled down some of -their houses and built up fires and encamped; we had plenty of roasting -ears of the best kind. It is a small kind of corn, shallow grain, and -very suitable for roasting ears, which answered us a very good purpose, -as we had only a little provision with us. - -_16th._ We marched through their towns, four in number, in the bounds -of three or four miles, in which there were fresh signs of Indians. We -cut up their corn and put it in piles, sixty or eighty acres, so that -it might rot. A variety of beans were found growing with their corn; -potatoes, pumpkins, water-melons, and cucumbers were also cultivated by -them. Their houses were all burnt by the orders of General Harrison; -some of them were built of bark and some of logs. The tomb of a chief -was discovered; it was built on the ground with timber and clay, so -that no rain or air could enter; the chief was laid on his blanket, his -head towards sunrise, his rifle by his side, his tin pan on his breast, -with a spoon in it; he was ornamented in their style, with ear-rings, -brooches, &c. This is one of the most beautiful places in the western -country; the land is level, well timbered, well watered, and the soil -equal to any part of Kentucky. Near the town, where the timber has been -cut, it is covered with an elegant coat of blue grass. - -_17th._ We got back to the baggage, and found all was well. Capt. -Langhorne had fortified against the enemy with rails, so that he would -have been able to have held his place against a considerable force. We -took some refreshments and pursued our journey, and encamped near our -former encampment. - -_18th._ We arrived at Fort Wayne, and met with a reinforcement of -five hundred mounted riflemen and cavalry, from Kentucky. A man was -accidentally shot through the head by one of the mounted riflemen. -Colonel Wells’s division returned this evening from their route, which -was fifty miles from Fort Wayne, on the waters of St. Joseph’s River, -very much fatigued. They found nothing but deserted houses and corn to -destroy, which was about the same amount as was found at the Wabash. -Capt. Morris’s 1st sergeant (David Irwin) died on the road. One of the -light-horsemen wounded a man as he was feeding his horse, believing him -to be an Indian. - -_19th._ We encamped in the forks of the river half a mile from the -fort. Gen. Harrison not being legally authorized by the general -government, as commander of this army, the command, of course, devolved -on Winchester. This resignation of Gen. Harrison’s was done with much -reluctance, as he had placed great confidence in the Kentuckians, -and found he was their choice, in preference to Gen. Winchester. The -conduct of Gen. Harrison at Tippecanoe, and his familiarity with the -troops while on their march to this place, had gained to him a peculiar -attachment. Gen. Winchester being a stranger, and having the appearance -of a supercilious officer, he was generally disliked. His assuming the -command almost occasioned a mutiny in camp; this was prevented by the -solicitations of some of the officers to go on. - -_20th._ The Kentucky mounted riflemen started to St. Mary’s under the -command of Gen. Harrison, in order to pursue the Indians in some other -quarter; their number was about fifteen hundred. - -_21st._ We received marching orders to march to-morrow morning at 7 -o’clock. - -The following general order, will show Gen. Winchester’s order of march. - - - “GENERAL ORDERS.--_Fort Wayne Sept. 22, 1812._ - - “The army will march in the following order, to wit: the guard in - front in three lines, two deep in the road, and in Indian file on the - flanks, at the distance of fifty to one hundred yards from the centre - line, when not prevented by obstructions. - - “A fatigue party, to consist of one captain, one ensign, two - sergeants, two corporals, and fifty privates, will follow the front - guard for the purpose of opening the road. The remainder of the - infantry to march on the flanks in the following order; Col. Wells’s - and Allen’s regiments on the right, and Scott’s and Lewis’s on the - left. - - “The general and brigade baggage, commissaries’ and quartermasters’ - stores immediately in the rear of the fatigue party. The cavalry in - the following order: Capt. Garrard and twenty of his men to precede - the guard in front, and equally divide at the head of each line. A - lieutenant and eighteen men in rear of the whole army and baggage. - The balance of the cavalry equally divided on the flanks of the flank - lines. - - “The regimental baggage wagons fall in according to the rank of - the commanding officers of the respective regiments. The officers - commanding corps, previous to their marching, will cause the arms - and ammunition to be carefully examined, and will see that they are - in _good order_. They will also be particularly careful that the men - do not waste their cartridges. No muskets are to be carried in the - wagons. One half of the fatigue party are to work at the same time; - the other half are to carry the arms and accoutrements while on - fatigue. The wagon-master will attend to the loading of the wagons, - and see that the different articles are put in in good order, and - that each wagon and team carry a reasonable load. The hour of march - is deferred until 9 o’clock, instead of 7. The officer of the day is - charged with the execution of these orders. - - “The line of battle shall be formed agreeably to Gen. Harrison’s - order on his late march to Fort Wayne. - - “JAMES WINCHESTER, - “_Brigadier-General_.” - - -_26th._ Two white men, and Capt. John (an Indian who was with us), -lost their horses. They continued about the camping ground in search -of them; they saw two or three Indians exploring our encampment. They -took this method, no doubt, to calculate our number. The spies returned -to camp this evening, who had discovered many Indian signs in front. -Five of the spies who had yesterday started with the view to go to Fort -Defiance, were found on the road shot, scalped, and tomahawked by the -Indians or British. - -_27th._ The spies and Capt. Garrard’s troop started this morning to -bury the dead. They were attacked by a party of Indians who were -watching the dead. One of the spies got shot in the ankle by an Indian. -They fired on the Indians, and with the assistance of Capt. Garrard, -they made them run, but not without the loss of some of their savage -blood. It was supposed some of them were badly wounded. - -Capts. Hickman and Ruddell returned, who had started this morning to -reconnoitre Fort Defiance. They reported, that they saw many fresh -signs of Indians. As they returned to camp they spied an encampment of -Indians; the Indians were talking and laughing merrily. A detachment -was sent after dark in order to surprise them. Ruddell, their pilot, -got lost before he got far, so that they could not execute their design. - -_28th._ The army was alarmed about a mile from camp; we quickly paraded -in order of battle, and were anxious to meet the enemy. The alarm -proceeded from the spies, who fired at some Indians in front. The spies -returned to camp this evening; they saw where a large number of Indians -and British had encamped the night before. - -_29th._ We continued on the same encampment, five miles from Defiance, -and forty-five from Fort Wayne. The spies and horse troop were sent -out in order to make discoveries. A party took the back track; they -saw where the enemy had wheeled to the right about, and retreated; and -fortunately for them they did so. Our industry in fortifying the camp -with breastworks, and caution and vigilance with which it was guarded, -would have rendered us able to have maintained our ground against a -superior force. Wagon tracks were plainly to be seen--it was thought -they were going to Fort Wayne with cannon, to take that place. - -_30th._ We marched within one mile of Fort Defiance, and searched for -a suitable place to encamp on: after every examination it was thought -best to continue here, as it was a convenient place for timber. We -pitched our tents and built very strong breastworks round the camp, -which we had done for five or six nights past; we also slept with our -guns in our arms, and paraded an hour before day, and stood under arms -till nearly sunrise. From Fort Wayne to Defiance, we travelled on the -north-west side of the Maumee River. The country is extremely level and -well timbered, but badly watered. - -_Oct. 1._ Col. Lewis, with a detachment of three hundred and eighty -men, started early this morning to pursue the Indians and British; they -crossed the Auglaze River, and proceeded down the Maumee seven or eight -miles, but could see nothing more than the appearance of the enemy -retreating. - -_2d._ Gen. Harrison arrived here with about one hundred mounted troops, -and two days’ rations of flour. We have been without bread four days. -We were informed Gen. Harrison was appointed commander-in-chief of the -North-Western Army; this was pleasing news to their troops, as he was -the choice in preference to any other. - -_3d._ The troops that were with Gen. Harrison, consisting of mounted -riflemen and cavalry, three regiments, came to camp this morning from -St. Mary’s, which is 63 miles from Defiance. They came with speed, -to assist the troops commanded by Gen. Winchester. Gen. Harrison had -received information that all the British and Indian forces of Upper -Canada were on their way to meet Gen. Winchester at Defiance. - -_4th._ There has been great murmuring in camp, on account of the -scarcity of provisions, which threatened a dissolution of this army. -Gen. Harrison having paraded the army, addressed them and said, there -were twenty-five thousand rations provided for this army at St. -Mary’s; this should be conveyed here as soon as possible, part of -which would be here to-day; he stated the consequence of such mutinous -complaints, and if this army would disperse, where could he get men who -would stand? He said every exertion for the supply of this army with -provisions and clothing, should be used. He informed us there would be -a number of troops from Pennsylvania and Virginia to join us, amounting -in all to ten thousand. - -_5th._ A fatigue party of two hundred and forty men were employed to -rebuild Fort Defiance. There were a few men on the other side of the -river opposite to the fort. They discovered a party of Indians, twenty -or thirty in number; they took them to be those friendly Indians who -were with us; being not on their guard, they got close to them. Four or -five of the Indians fired at the same time; they killed and scalped one -of the men, and made their escape. The murder was committed not more -than three hundred yards from the encampment of the mounted riflemen -and cavalry, with Gen. Tupper at the head of them. Those murderers -were pursued immediately by two hundred horsemen; they pursued them in -scattered order. A small party overtook them five or six miles from -camp, and finding the enemy’s force superior they had to retreat. - -_7th._ The principal part of the clothing which was left at Piqua, -came to camp; it has been greatly needed. A majority of the mounted -men who were ordered to the rapids, and drew ten days’ provisions for -_that expedition_, refused to march under Gen. Tupper; of course the -contemplated expedition failed, and they returned home, as their thirty -days were nearly expired. - -_9th._ A few days ago, Frederick Jacoby, belonging to the 17th regiment -of United States infantry, was tried by a court-martial for sleeping on -his post--he was condemned to be shot. The troops paraded and formed in -a hollow square in close order, where the Rev. Mr. Shannon delivered a -short discourse on the occasion. The square was then displayed, so that -the army might witness the awful example of execution. The criminal -was marched from the provost guard with solemn music, under a guard of -a subaltern, sergeant, corporal, and twenty privates, to the place of -execution; there he was blindfolded; the guard stood a few steps from -him waiting the hour of execution! This was a solemn scene; a profound -silence was kept by all the troops. But fortunately for the criminal, -a reprieve arrived for him, just before the time of execution! The -General judged him not a man of sound mind. - -The spies reported they had killed an Indian, but could not get his -scalp on account of other Indians; they stated there must be a large -body of Indians near, by their trails. - -_10th._ In consequence of the above report of the spies, Colonel Wells -started with five hundred men in pursuit of the Indians; he pursued -their trails twelve or thirteen miles, but could not see an Indian. - -_11th._ The General ordered we should move and encamp near where the -fort was building; this was, however, prevented by the inclemency -of the weather; it rained and the wind blew all day, which made our -situation very unpleasant. A man died in camp last night; he was buried -with the honors of war; he was escorted to the grave in solemn order, -and, after a short discourse by the Rev. Mr. Mitchell, six men fired -three rounds over the grave; this was the first scene of the kind -witnessed in our camp. - -_14th._ We moved to the fort, and received a supply of provisions -(salt, flour, and whiskey); we had been without salt ever since the -7th, and without flour two days. - -_16th._ A detachment of one hundred men was sent this morning six miles -below the fort, to a suitable place of timber to build pirogues. - -_18th._ (_Sunday._) The troops marched to the centre, agreeably to a -general order, to hear the Rev. Mr. Shannon preach a sermon suited -to the times. While he was zealously engaged there were six or seven -guns fired down the river in quick succession; this alarmed the whole -congregation--every one flew to his arms and left the speaker alone. -The alarm originated from a pirogue party, who had just arrived with a -pirogue for a supply of provisions. - -_19th._ The fort was finished and christened “_Fort Winchester_.” It is -composed of four block-houses, a hospital and storehouse, and picketed -between each block-house, containing about a quarter of an acre. - -_20th._ The General issued an order for the troops to be assembled -every morning at 9 o’clock, at such places near the encampment, as the -commanding officers might deem convenient, and cause the rolls to be -called, and mark all delinquents; and there, until 12 o’clock, practice -the manual exercise, and manœuvre according to Smith’s instructions for -infantry. - -_27th._ In consequence of Gen. Winchester’s receiving information, -he issued an order respecting clothing, which will show a flattering -prospect of being supplied, an extract of which is as follows:-- - - “GENERAL ORDERS.--_Fort Winchester, Oct. 27, 1812._ - - “With great pleasure the General announces to the army the prospect - of an early supply of winter clothing, amongst which are the - following articles exported from Philadelphia on the 9th of September - last, viz. 10,000 pairs of shoes, 5,000 blankets, 5,000 round - jackets, 5,000 pairs of pantaloons, woollen cloth, to be made and - forwarded to the westward immediately; besides the winter clothing - for Col. Wells’s regiment some days before; 1,000 watch-coats, - ordered from Philadelphia the 7th of October, 1812. September 24th, - 5,000 blankets and 1,000 yards of flannel. 25th, 10,000 pairs of - shoes. 29th, 10,000 pairs of woollen hose, 10,000 do. socks. - - “Yet a few days and the General consoles himself with the idea of - seeing those whom he has the honor to command clad in warm woollen, - capable of resisting the _northern blasts of Canada_. - - “J. WINCHESTER, - “_Brigadier-Gen. Commanding Left Wing N. W. Army_.” - -_29th._ A fatigue party, consisting of three captains, three -subalterns, three sergeants, three corporals, and one hundred and -fifty privates was detached this morning, superintended by Gen. Payne, -to clear the way on the opposite side of the river, so as to make the -view more extensive from the fort. The spies caught a prisoner fifteen -or twenty miles below this place; he said he was just from Detroit; he -was suspected as a spy, but he denied it; he said he deserted from the -British, who had had him in confinement some time in consequence of his -not taking the oath to be true to them. - -Fort Winchester is situated near the point between the Maumee and -Auglaze rivers, and is a handsome place; it is predicted by some to -become in a few years a populous city. The greater part of the land -in the adjacent country is rich, and when improved will be equal, if -not superior, to any in the western country. The Auglaze River empties -into Great Miami, which runs a north course to Fort Winchester, and is -navigable a considerable distance. - -_November 2._ We moved across the River Maumee, opposite the point; it -is a high piece of ground and very level, but in some degree wet and -marshy: this movement was in order to get convenient to firewood. - -_3d._ This late place of encampment is found not to answer a good -purpose; therefore the General thought it expedient to move from this -to a piece of ground one-half mile lower down the river. As there were -only a few wagons, one regiment moved at a time--from 12 o’clock till -after sunset before the last arrived at the place of destination. This -last place appears to be very marshy, but not so much so as the former. -It is very difficult to get a good place for an encampment at this -time, as we have had several rainy days. - -_4th._ The troops have been engaged in fortifying this late place -of encampment with breastworks, so that we may be prepared for our -enemies, should they think proper to pay us a visit; the weather is -very rainy, which makes our situation extremely unpleasant, though not -more so than we could expect from the climate and season. Four of this -army have gone to the silent tomb to-day, never more to visit their -friends in Kentucky; the fever is very prevalent in camp; nearly every -day there is one or more buried. - -_7th._ We received information from Kentucky by passengers, of a -quantity of clothing coming out for the volunteers. By every account -from that quarter, the roads are almost impassable. Major Garrard, -and six of the spies, started to the Rapids this morning. This river -abounds greatly with fish; large quantities have been caught with -traps, and also with hooks and lines. - -_9th._ Major Garrard, and those men with him, returned from the -Rapids. They made discoveries of a large quantity of corn, and some -hogs, and cattle, and a few Indians. - -_10th._ The army moved six miles down the river, in order to be better -accommodated with suitable ground for camping, and to build more -pirogues. This encampment is the dryest we have been at for some time; -the land and timber are not inferior to any. I trust this country -was designed for a more noble purpose than to be a harbor for those -rapacious savages, whose manners and deportment are not more elevated -than the ravenous beasts of the forest. I view the time not far -distant, when this country will be interspersed with elegant farms and -flourishing towns, and be inhabited by a free and independent people, -under an auspicious republic. - -_15th._ A detachment of six captains, six subalterns, six sergeants, -six corporals, and three hundred and eighty-six privates, started with -six days’ provision, this morning, at reveille beating, to the Rapids, -under the command of Col. Lewis. - -_17th._ Col. Lewis, with his detachment, returned about twelve o’clock, -after a laborious march of sixty miles. About eighteen miles below this -place, he was overtaken by an express from Gen. Winchester, who had -received intelligence of Gen. Tupper, with five hundred men, being -at the Rapids, who had discovered a body of Indians, six or seven -hundred in number, drinking and dancing. Gen. Tupper, thinking this -a good opportunity to attack them, attempted to cross the river, two -miles above; he and two hundred of his men effected this, through great -difficulty; in wading across some fell in the water and lost their -guns, which discouraged the rest, so that Gen. Tupper could not execute -his design. This intelligence animated the troops commanded by Col. -Lewis, so that they wanted to continue on that night, without stopping, -and attack the enemy before day. Col. Lewis thought proper to halt, and -send an express to Gen. Tupper, for both parties to meet at Roche de -Baut,[D] six miles above the Indian encampment, and unite their forces, -and surprise the enemy. - -The express returned at three o’clock in the morning, and reported, -he had been at Gen. Tupper’s encampment; at the entrance of which, he -saw a man, dead, scalped, and stripped. He concluded that Gen. Tupper -was defeated. This news changed the course of Col. Lewis, not knowing -their force. The General has thought proper to have this place strongly -fortified with breastworks, four and a half feet high. - -_18th._ One of the sentinels of the bullock guard discharged the -contents of his gun at an Indian, as he thought, a few miles below -camp, where the bullocks were grazing; the guard deserted the bullocks, -and retreated to camp. A party was immediately sent in pursuit of the -Indians, and behold! they found Michael Paul cutting a bee-tree. - -_20th._ Ruddell returned, who was sent on the _17th_ to reconnoitre -the Rapids, and Tupper’s encampment. He discovered a large body of -Indians at the Rapids. He was through Tupper’s encampment, where it was -supposed he was defeated He saw the man that was scalped and stripped, -and he thought Tupper had retreated, instead of being defeated. - -_22d._ Smith and his party of spies had a little skirmish near -Wolftown. Early in the morning they were eating their breakfasts; one -of them started to get a drink of water; he had only got a few steps -when an Indian fired and wounded him, but not mortally. After snapping -twice, he fired and wounded an Indian. Several guns were fired by the -Indians afterwards, but no injury was sustained. In returning to camp -the wounded man was sent on some distance before, while part of them -remained in the rear as a guard. - -Capt. Logan, Capt. John, and another Indian, started to the Rapids -with the determination to establish their characters (for they were -suspected by some to be traitors). Between this and the Rapids, as they -were rising a bank, they met seven Indians and a British officer, who -took them prisoners, but let them carry their own guns. After taking -them some considerable distance, they were determined to liberate -themselves or fall a sacrifice. They succeeded in killing at the same -time, the British officer[E] and two of the Indians; they stated Logan -killed the second, but he got badly wounded through the body; one of -the other Indians that were with him got wounded, but not mortally. The -two wounded got on two horses that belonged to the dead and rode to -camp, leaving Capt. John to take scalps. - -_23d._ Capt. John came in camp this morning with a scalp; he said it -was the scalp of a Pottowatomie chief (Wynemack); he broke his knife in -scalping him, which prevented him from scalping the others. - -_24th._ Logan died, and was much lamented by the men generally, -believing him to be true to the United States, and a brave soldier. - -_December 1._ The troops are engaged in building huts, which are far -preferable to tents. - -_2d._ The General has issued an order for the camp to be picketed, -which is three-quarters of a mile round. It is on the north side of -the river, and is composed of three lines. Col. Wells’s regiment on -the right, Col. Scott’s, Lewis’s, and part of Allen’s in front, the -remaining part of Allen’s on the left, the river in the rear. The -pickets were nearly completed in one day, two feet in the ground and -eight feet above. - -_10th._ The General has given orders to the commanding officers of -regiments to cause each of their companies to be provided with a good -pirogue sufficient to carry its own baggage, and cause all those who -are without shoes to make themselves moccasons out of green hides. - -There are many who have not shoes and clothes sufficient to keep -them from freezing, should we move from here while they are in -this condition; the clothes that the General flattered us with the -expectation, and the clothes subscribed by the Kentuckians being not -yet received, except a small part of the latter. - -_13th._ Smith and his party returned from the Rapids, who started -two days ago in a canoe; they did not go far before they left the -canoe, on account of the ice, and travelled by land; some of them were -dangerously frostbitten. - -_14th._ An express arrived in camp, certifying that the boats which -started from St. Mary’s on the 4th, laden with flour and clothing, were -frozen up in St. Mary’s River, and the escort was building a house to -store the loading in. - -_15th._ Capt. Hickman started this morning to forward flour and -clothing immediately on packhorses. - -_16th._ We have drawn no flour since the 10th, in consequence of which -there was a letter handed to the General last night secretly, which -stated that the volunteers in two days, except flour came before -that time, would start and go to it; and they would carry their -camp equipage to the fort if the General required it. This news was -soon circulated through camp. The officers used every argument to -suppress the appearance of a mutiny. A court-martial was held at Capt. -Williams’s marquee to try John Hoggard, a private in Capt. Price’s -company, for some misdemeanor. He was condemned to be drummed out of -camp. Col. Lewis paraded his regiment, and had him escorted with the -fife and drum from one end of his line to the other. So he was legally -discharged from the army. The most common punishment in camp for -criminals is that of _riding the wooden horse_, or being put _under -guard on half rations_. All the beef and pork was issued to the troops -this evening; our dependence for the next ration is on a drove of hogs -that has been expected several days! - -_17th._ Three hundred head of hogs arrived to our relief. - -_20th._ The weather is excessively cold; the ice has stopped the -navigation of the river, so that the plan of going to the Rapids by -water is entirely frustrated; we had prepared about sixty pirogues for -the voyage, which will be left here for our successors. - -_21st._ The General has ordered the commandants of regiments to cause -each company to be provided with a sufficient number of sleds to convey -their baggage to the Rapids. It is said these sleds are to be pulled by -the men, as we have not a horse in camp able to pull an empty sled. - -_22d._ A little flour came to camp once more; quarter-rations of that -article were issued, which was welcomed by rejoicing throughout camp: - -_24th._ Capt. Hickman returned with joyful news--that we should in a -short time be supplied with flour. The deficiency of this article had -produced serious consequences in the army. We have here been exposed to -numberless difficulties, as well as deprived of the common necessaries -of life; and what made these things operate more severely was, all -hopes of obtaining any conquest was entirely abandoned. Obstacles had -emerged in the path to victory, which must have appeared insurmountable -to every person endowed with common sense. The distance to Canada, the -unpreparedness of the army, the scarcity of provisions, and the badness -of the weather, show that Malden cannot be taken in the remaining -part of our time. And would it not have been better if this army had -been disbanded? Our sufferings at this place have been greater than -if we had been in a severe battle. More than one hundred lives have -been lost, owing to our bad accommodations! The sufferings of about -three hundred sick at a time, who are exposed to the cold ground and -deprived of every nourishment, are sufficient proofs of our wretched -condition! The camp has become a loathsome place. The hope of being one -day relieved from these unnecessary sufferings affords some relief. We -received this evening a supply of flour, and have been delivered from a -state of starvation. It being Christmas eve, just after dark, a number -of guns were fired in quick succession; the whole army was ordered to -parade in order of battle; strict orders were given to suppress the -firing. About an hour before day the firing commenced again; the army -was again paraded and strict orders given, threatening to punish the -offenders. - -_27th._ Part of the clothing arrived from Kentucky. - -_29th._ We are now about commencing one of the most serious marches -ever performed by the Americans. Destitute, in a measure, of clothes, -shoes, and provisions, the most essential articles necessary for the -existence and preservation of the human species in this world, and more -particularly in this cold climate. Three sleds are prepared for each -company, each to be pulled by a packhorse, which has been without food -for two weeks, except brush, and will not be better fed while in our -service; probably the most of these horses never had harness on, but -the presumption is they will be too tame; we have prepared harness out -of green hides. - -_30th._ After nearly three months’ preparation for this expedition, -we commenced our march in great splendor; our elegant equipage cast a -brilliant lustre on the surrounding objects as it passed! our clothes -and blankets looked as if they had never been acquainted with water, -but intimately with dirt, smoke, and soot; in fact, we have become -acquainted with one much despised in Kentucky, under whose government -we are obliged to live, whose name is “_Poverty_.” We marched six miles -and encamped near Col. Wells’s regiment, which marched yesterday; the -sick were left at No. Third, with a company from each regiment as a -guard. - -_January 10._ We arrived at Hull’s road at the Rapids, fifty miles -from Fort Defiance, and encamped on a very high and suitable piece of -ground. The second day after we left No. Third, the snow melted and -the ground thawed, which operated much against our march. We marched -two miles, which tried the strength and activity of our noble steeds. -The General, who remained behind at No. Third, more properly styled -_Fort Starvation_, thinking probably to take the advantage of the -weather (this moderate thaw had opened the river in a ripple opposite -to No. Third), had several pirogues loaded with his baggage, and manned -immediately. After travelling three or four hundred yards they found -that they were blockaded with ice; they landed and guarded the plunder, -until arrangements could be made for its transportation by land. The -weather took a change the second of January. It commenced snowing, and -continued two days and nights: after it ceased, it was from twenty to -twenty-four inches deep. During this time we remained stationary. On -the third the army resumed its march, wading through a deep snow. We -had to stop early in the afternoon to prepare our encampment; to rake -the snow away, make fires, and pitch our tents, was no trifling task; -and after this we had to get bark or bushes to lie on; the linn, in -this case, was of great service to us. Many of the horses gave out, -and sleds broke down; consequently, the plunder had to be pulled or -carried by the men. I have seen six Kentuckians substituted instead -of a horse, pulling their plunder, drudging along through the snow, -and keeping pace with the foremost. In marching to this place we came -through some good land, particularly the river bottoms, which are very -rich. Wolftown, which is about half way between Fort Defiance and the -Rapids, is a handsome situation. This has formerly been an Indian town. -We reached Roche De Baut the 9th, four miles above Hull’s road, a place -where some French had formerly lived. Early next morning (as cold a -morning as the Kentuckians ever experienced) a detached party of six -hundred and seventy-six men marched in front of the baggage, and went -on four miles below the foot of the Rapids, in order to examine if it -were true, as said by some passengers from the right wing of the army, -that there were six hundred Indians encamped and picketed in, six miles -below the Rapids. The detachment marched within two miles of the place, -and sent spies, but they discovered no signs of Indians. The party -remained all night, and partook of an elegant supper of parched corn, -and returned to camp in the morning. - -_11th._ Some fresh signs of Indians were seen near this encampment. A -detachment of twenty-four men was sent immediately, under the command -of Capt. Williams. They had not got far before they discovered the -Indians; the firing commenced on both sides nearly at the same time. -The Indians stood but a little time before they ran, but not until -they lost some of their savage blood. Capt. Williams pursued them some -miles, but could not overtake them. By the signs of blood, some of -them must have been badly wounded. They left behind them two of their -horses, a brass kettle, and some other plunder. One of Capt. Williams’s -men received a wound in the arm, and another got shot through his hat. -Capt. Edmiston, who was one of the party, got his gun shot through the -breech. - -_13th._ Two Frenchmen came in camp last night from the river Raisin, -who received information of the army being here by those Indians that -Capt. Williams pursued, who got there the night after the skirmish, -and stopped only a few minutes, and then went on to Malden. Those -Frenchmen solicited protection and assistance, stating the abuse they -had received from the Indians, and the danger they were in of losing -their lives and property. - -_25th._ Arrived in camp this morning, clothing from Kentucky. The -ladies who sent this clothing deserve the highest encomiums. If it -had not been for their unexampled exertions, we must have suffered -beyond conception. May they long live under the auspicious protection -of a free government, and may kind heaven reward their unparalleled -benevolence! - -Another Frenchman came to camp, confirming what was stated by the -others. We now began to recruit after our laborious march, and after -being deprived of a sufficiency of provisions. Although we have -been without flour ever since we came here, yet we have been better -supplied with provisions than we have been since we embarked in the -service. We have here in possession many large fields of corn, probably -three hundred acres. We have erected a great many pounding machines, -to prepare it for our use. This place has a solemn appearance. The -inhabitants have fled, and the Indians or British have burned their -houses, leaving some of the chimneys standing. By every appearance, -this has been a respectable settlement. Four miles below our -encampment, are the remains of the old British garrison. - -_17th._ A Frenchman came yesterday from the river Raisin; he said two -companies of British had just arrived from Canada, and the Indians -were collecting, and intended to burn Frenchtown in a few days. By -the repeated solicitations of the French, and being counselled by -some of the field-officers, the General has been induced to order out -a detachment of five hundred and seventy men, destined to the river -Raisin; it was said, contrary to the instructions of Gen. Harrison. The -detachment started[F] early with three days’ provisions, and proceeded -on twenty miles near to Presqu’ Isle, a French village on the south -side of the Maumee River. The sight of this village filled each heart -with emotions of cheerfulness and joy; for we had been nearly five -months in the wilderness, exposed to every inconvenience, and excluded -from everything that had the appearance of a civilized country. When -the inhabitants of the village discovered us, they met us with a white -flag, and expressed particular friendship for us. They informed us the -British and Indians had left Frenchtown a few days ago, and had gone -to Brownstown. About three hours after dark, a reinforcement of one -hundred and ten men overtook us, commanded by Col. Allen. Some time -in the latter part of the night an express came from the river Raisin, -informing Col. Lewis there were four hundred Indians and two companies -of British there, and that Colonel Elliott was to start the next -morning from Malden with a reinforcement. - -_18th._ We started early, in order to get there before Col. Elliott; -after travelling fifteen miles, mostly on the ice, we received -information of the enemy being there waiting for us; we were then -within three miles of Frenchtown; we proceeded on with no other view -than _to conquer or die_. When we advanced in sight of the town, and -were about a quarter of a mile from it, the British saluted us by the -firing of a piece of cannon; they fired it three times, but no injury -was sustained. During this time we formed the line of battle, and, -raising a shout,[G] advanced on them briskly; they soon commenced the -firing of their small arms, but this did not deter us from a charge; -we advanced close and let loose on them; they gave way, and we soon -had possession of the village without the loss of a man! Three were -slightly wounded. Twelve of their warriors were slain and scalped, and -one prisoner taken before they got to the woods. In retreating, they -kept up some firing. We pursued them half a mile to the woods, which -were very brushy and suited to their mode of fighting. As we advanced, -they were fixing themselves behind logs, trees, &c. to the best -advantage; our troops rushed on them resolutely, and gave them Indian -play, took the advantage of trees, &c. and kept them retreating a mile -and a half in the woods. During this time a heavy fire was kept up on -both sides; at length, after a battle of three hours and five minutes, -we were obliged to stop the pursuit on account of the approach of -night, and retire to the village; we collected our wounded and carried -them to the village, leaving our dead on the ground. In this action the -Kentuckians displayed great bravery, after being much fatigued with -marching on the ice; cowardice was entirely discountenanced; each was -anxious to excel his fellow-soldiers in avenging his injured country; -those only fell in the rear who were most fatigued. Our loss in this -action was eleven killed and fifty wounded.[H] Although the enemy had -the advantage of the village in the first attack, and of the woods in -the second, their loss, by the best information, far exceeded ours. A -Frenchman stated they had fifty-four killed and a hundred and forty -wounded, part of whom were carried to his house, on Sand Creek, a few -miles from the village. An express and the Indian prisoner were sent -immediately to the Rapids. Some dispute arose between the Indians and -some of the French on Sand Creek; the Indians killed an old man and -his wife; in consequence of this the French were enraged, and resolved -to get revenge. They applied to us for assistance, but it was thought -improper to leave the village, though some of them had assisted us and -fought in the front of the battle. - -_19th._ A party was sent out to the battle-ground to bring in the dead, -which were found scalped and stripped except one. In going over the -battle-ground, great signs were seen (by the blood and where they had -been dragged through the snow) of a considerable loss on the part of -the enemy. Two of the wounded died. The British left a considerable -quantity of provisions and some store goods, which answered us a -valuable purpose. The wounded could have been as well accommodated here -with every necessary as in any part of Kentucky. Apples, cider, sugar, -butter, and whiskey appeared to be plenty. The river Raisin runs an -east course through a level country, interspersed with well-improved -farms, and is seventy or eighty yards wide; the banks are low. -Frenchtown is situated on the north side of this river, not more than -three miles from the place it empties into Lake Erie. There is a row -of dwelling-houses, about twenty in number, principally frame, near -the bank, surrounded with a fence made in the form of picketing, with -split timber, from four to five feet high; this was not designed as a -fortification, but to secure their yards and gardens. - -_21st._ A reinforcement of two hundred and thirty men arrived in the -afternoon; also Gen. Winchester, Col. Wells, Major M‘Clanahan, Capt. -Hart, surgeons Irvin and Montgomery, and some other gentlemen, who -came to eat apples and drink cider, having been deprived of every kind -of spirits nearly two months. The officers having viewed and laid off -a piece of ground for a camp and breastworks, resolved that it was -too late to remove and erect fortifications that evening; farther, -as they resolved to remove early next day, it was not thought worth -while, though materials were at hand, to fortify the right wing, -which therefore encamped in the open field,[I] and Col. Wells, their -commander, set out for the Rapids late in the evening. A Frenchman -arrived here late in the evening from Malden, and stated that a large -number of Indians and British were coming on the ice with artillery to -attack us; he judged their number to be three thousand; this was not -believed by some of our leading men, who were regaling themselves with -whiskey and loaf sugar; but the generality of the troops put great -confidence in the Frenchman’s report, and expected some fatal disaster -to befall us; principally because Gen. Winchester had taken up his -head-quarters nearly half a mile from any part of the encampment, and -because the right wing was exposed. Ensign Harrow was sent with a party -of men, some time after night, by the orders of Col. Lewis, to bring -in all the men, either officers or privates, that he might find out of -their quarters. After finding some and giving them their orders, he -went to a brick house, about a mile up the river, and entered a room; -finding it not occupied, he immediately went above stairs and saw two -men, whom he took to be British officers, talking with the landlord. -The landlord asked him to walk down into a stove room, and handing his -bottle, asked him to drink, and informed him “there was no danger, for -the British had not a force sufficient to whip us.” So Harrow returned -about 1 o’clock and reported to Col. Lewis what he had seen. Col. -Lewis treated the report with coolness, thinking the persons seen were -only some gentlemen from town; just at daybreak the reveille began to -beat, as usual; this gave joy to the troops, who had passed the night -under the apprehensions of being attacked before day. The reveille -had not been beating more than two minutes before the sentinels fired -three guns in quick succession; this alarmed our troops, who quickly -formed and were ready for the enemy before they were near enough to -do execution. The British immediately discharged their artillery, -loaded with balls, bombs, and grape-shot, which did little injury; -they then attempted to make a charge on those in the pickets, but were -repulsed with great loss. Those on the right being less secure for the -want of fortification, were overpowered by a superior force, and were -ordered to retreat to a more advantageous piece of ground. They got in -disorder and could not be formed.[J] The Indians pursued them from -all quarters, and surrounded, killed, and took the most of them. The -enemy again charged on the left with redoubled vigor, but were again -forced to retire. Our men lay close behind the picketing, through which -they had portholes, and every one having a rest took sight, that his -ammunition might not be spent in vain. After a long and bloody contest, -the enemy finding they could not, either by stratagem or force, drive -us from our fortification, retired to the woods, leaving their dead -on the ground, except a party that kept two pieces of cannon in play -on our right. A sleigh was seen three or four hundred yards from our -lines going towards the right, supposed to be laden with ammunition -to supply the cannon. Four or five men rose up and fired at once, and -killed the man and wounded the horse. Some Indians who were hid behind -houses continued to annoy us with scattering balls. At this time bread -from the commissary’s house was handed round among our troops, who -sat composedly eating and watching the enemy at the same time. Being -thus refreshed, we discovered a white flag advancing toward us; it was -generally supposed to be for a cessation of arms that our enemies -might carry off their dead, which were numerous, although they had been -bearing away both dead and wounded during the action; but how were we -surprised and mortified when we heard that Gen. Winchester, with Col. -Lewis, had been taken prisoners by the Indians in attempting to rally -the right wing, and that Gen. Winchester had surrendered us prisoners -of war to Col. Proctor! Major Madison, then the highest in command, did -not agree to this until Col. Proctor had promised[K] that the prisoners -should be protected from the Indians, the wounded taken care of, the -dead collected and buried, and private property respected. It was then -with extreme reluctance our troops accepted this proposition; there was -scarcely a person that could refrain from shedding tears! Some plead -with the officers not to surrender, saying they would rather die on -the field! We had only five killed, and twenty-five or thirty wounded, -inside of the pickets. The British asked, when they came in, what we -had done with our dead, as they saw but few on the ground. A barn being -set on fire to drive the Indians from behind it, they concluded that, -to conceal our dead, we had thrown them into these flames. - -One of the houses that the wounded were in, was much shattered by the -cannon balls, though only a few struck as low as a man’s head. The -bombs flew over. Some bursted fifty feet above the ice, some fell -on the ice, and some fell over the river. Notwithstanding all their -exertions, their six cannon (which were all said to be six-pounders) -did but little damage. - -In this battle, officers and privates exhibited the utmost firmness and -bravery. Whilst the men were at their posts firing on the enemy, the -officers were passing along the lines supplying them with cartridges. -Major Graves, in passing around the line, was wounded in the knee. -He sat down in a tent, bound up his wound, and cried: “BOYS, I AM -WOUNDED; NEVER MIND ME, BUT FIGHT ON!” - -The British collected their troops, and marched in front of the -village. We marched out and grounded our arms, in heat and bitterness -of spirit. The British and Indians took possession of them. But all the -swords, dirks, tomahawks, and knives were given up with promise that -they should be restored again. [This promise was broken.] - -All the prisoners, except those that were badly wounded, Dr. Todd, -Dr. Bowers, and a few attendants, were marched towards Malden. The -British said, as they had a great many of their wounded to take to -Malden that evening, it would be out of their power to take ours before -morning, but they would leave a sufficient guard, so that they should -not be interrupted by the Indians. You will presently see with what -aggravating circumstances the breach of this promise was attended. - -Brother Allen Darnall having been badly wounded in the right shoulder -on the 18th, and I being appointed to attend on the wounded, I -continued with them. - -Before the British and prisoners marched, the Indians ransacked the -camp, and got all the plunder that was remaining--namely, tents, -kettles, buckets, pans, &c.; then coming amongst the wounded, greatly -insulted them, and took some of their plunder. After they went out -I bolted the door. They came again and broke it open with their -tomahawks. I immediately applied to a British officer, and told him -the Indians were interrupting the wounded. He turned round, and called -to another officer to send the guard. The Indians at that time had -plundered the commissary’s house (which was near the house in which the -wounded were) of everything they wanted, and piled rails against it -and set them on fire: I, with the assistance of two British officers, -put it out. One of the British officers (Maj. Rundels) inquired where -the ammunition was. I told him, if there was any, it was above stairs. -We went up, but could find none. There was a large quantity of wheat -on the loft; he said it was a pity it was there, for the Indians would -burn the house. I apprehended by that, the town was to be burned, and -began to lament our wretched condition. After we went down stairs, -Rundels asked me how many we had killed and wounded on the 18th. I told -him, but he very haughtily disputed it. I had the return in my pocket. -He read it, but made no reply. - -Those that remained of us being hungry, I applied to one of the British -in the evening for some flour, as there were a good many barrels in -the commissary’s house, which I considered to belong to them. He told -me to take as much as I wanted. I asked him if there was a guard left? -He said there was no necessity for any, for the Indians were going to -their camp, and there were interpreters left who would walk from house -to house and see that we should not be interrupted. He kept walking -about and looking towards the road. He told me I had better keep in the -house, for the Indians would as soon shoot me as not, although he had -just told me we should not be interrupted! I suspected he was looking -for Gen. Harrison. Oh! if we had seen General Harrison coming with his -troops, the wounded would have leaped for joy! but I did not expect him. - -As they did not leave the _promised guard_, I lost all confidence in -them, and expected we would be all massacred before morning. I being -the only person in this house not wounded, with the assistance of some -of the wounded, I prepared something for about thirty to eat. The -Indians kept searching about town till after dark. One came in the -house who could talk English, and said he commanded a company after -the retreating party, and that most of that party were slain. He said -the men gave up their guns, plead for quarters, and offered them money -if they would not kill them; but his boys, as he called them, would -tomahawk them without distinction. He said the plan that was fixed on -by the Indians and British, before the battle commenced, was that the -British were to attack in front to induce us to charge on them; 500 -Indians were placed on the right hand and 500 on the left, to flank -round and take possession of the town; but he said we were too cunning -for them; we would not move out of the pickets. - -We passed this night under the most serious apprehensions of being -massacred by the tomahawk or consumed in the flames. I frequently went -out during the night to see if the house was set on fire. At length the -long wished-for morn arrived, and filled each heart with a cheerful -hope of being delivered from the cruelty of those merciless savages. -We were making every preparation to be ready for the promised sleighs; -but, alas! instead of the sleighs, about an hour by sun a great number -of savages, painted with various colors, came yelling in the most -hideous manner! These bloodthirsty, terrific savages (sent here by -their more cruel and perfidious allies, the British) rushed into the -houses where the desponding wounded lay, and insolently stripped them -of their blankets and all their best clothes, and ordered them out of -the houses! I ran out of the house to inform the interpreters[L] what -the Indians were doing. At the door, an Indian took my hat and put it -on his own head. I then discovered the Indians had been at the other -house first, and had used the wounded in like manner. As I turned to go -back into the house, an Indian, taking hold of me, made signs for me -to stand by the corner of the house. I made signs to him I wanted to -go in and get my hat; for I desired to see what they had done with the -wounded. The Indians sent in a boy who brought out a hat and threw it -down to me, and I could not get in the house. Three Indians came up to -me and pulled off my coat. My feeble powers cannot describe the dismal -scenes here exhibited. I saw my fellow-soldiers, naked and wounded, -crawling out of the houses to avoid being consumed in the flames. Some -that had not been able to turn themselves on their beds for four days, -through fear of being burned to death, arose and walked out and about -through the yard. Some cried for help, but there were none to help -them. “Ah!” exclaimed numbers, in the anguish of their spirit, “what -shall we do?” A number, unable to get out, miserably perished in the -unrelenting flames of the houses, kindled by the more unrelenting -savages. Now the scenes of cruelty and murder we had been anticipating -with dread, during last night, fully commenced. The savages rushed on -the wounded, and, in their barbarous manner, shot, and tomahawked, and -scalped them; and cruelly mangled their naked bodies while they lay -agonizing and weltering in their blood. A number were taken towards -Malden, but being unable to march with speed, were inhumanly massacred. -The road was, for miles, strewed with the mangled bodies, and all of -them were left like those slain in battle, on the 22d, for birds and -beasts to tear in pieces and devour. The Indians plundered the town -of everything valuable, and set the best houses on fire. The Indian -who claimed me, gave me a coat, and when he had got as much plunder -as he could carry, he ordered me, by signs, to march, which I did, -with extreme reluctance, in company with three of the wounded and six -or seven Indians. In travelling about a quarter of a mile, two of the -wounded lagged behind about twenty yards. The Indians, turning round, -shot one and scalped him. They shot at the other and missed him; he, -running up to them, begged that they would not shoot him. He said he -would keep up, and give them money. But these murderers were not moved -with his doleful cries. They shot him down; and, rushing on him in -a crowd, scalped him. In like manner my brother Allen perished. He -marched with difficulty after the wounded, about two or three hundred -yards, and was there barbarously murdered. My feelings at the sight -and recollection of these inhuman butcheries cannot be described. In -addition to these deep sorrows for the mournful fate of my companions, -and the cruel death of a dear brother, I expected every moment, for a -considerable time, that the same kind of cruelty and death would be my -portion. The Indians that guarded me and one of the wounded, observing -our consternation, one that could talk English said, “We will not -shoot you.” This a little revived our hopes, that were almost gone;[M] -and he, having cut a piece, hide and all, of a dead cow, started. -It is their common practice to kill a cow or hog, and take a piece, -and leave the rest. In travelling two miles, we came to a house where -there were two British officers; the Indian made a halt, and I asked -one of the officers what the Indian was going to do with me; he said -he was going to take me to Amherstburg (or Malden). I judged these -villains had instructed the Indians to do what they had done. A few -miles farther, we came to the Indian encampment, where there were a -great many hallooing and yelling in a hideous manner. I thought this -my place of destiny. The Indian took off my pack, broiled a piece of -meat and gave me part; this I ate merely in obedience to him. Then we -started and arrived at Amherstburg, eighteen miles from Frenchtown. The -other prisoners had just arrived. The British were firing their salute. -The Indian took me into a house not far from the fort; it was probably -their council house; it would have held 500. It was inhabited by a -large number of squaws, children, and dogs. They welcomed me by giving -me some bread, meat and hominy to eat. After this an Indian asked me if -I had a squaw; I told him not; he immediately turned round and talked -to the squaws in Indian, while I sat in a pensive mood observing their -motions. I discovered the squaws were pleased, by their tittering -and grinning; one, I observed, had a great desire to express her joy -by showing her teeth; but the length of time she had lived in this -world had put it out of her power. I suspected, from their manœuvres, -I would have to undergo a disagreeable adoption (as other prisoners -had done)--and, what was a task still more unpleasant, to be united -in the conjugal band to one of these swarthy, disgustful animals. The -Indian asked me a few questions--where we had come from--how far it -was--when we started--and if there were any more coming. In reply to -these questions, I gave him but little satisfaction. After this they -spread blankets down, and made signs for me to go to bed. I did, and -soon fell asleep, as I was much fatigued and had not slept much for -four nights past. Early next morning, the Indian collected his family -and all his property, and started: I knew not where he was going; he -gave me a knapsack and gun to carry. Now I despaired of getting with -the other prisoners, unless I could desert from the Indians! I expected -I would be taken to an Indian town, there to undergo a disagreeable -adoption, or to be burned to death with firebrands. As he took me near -Fort Malden, I took as good a view of it as I could while I passed -it. It stands about thirty yards from the river bank. I judged it to -be seventy or eighty yards square; the wall appeared to be built of -timber and clay. The side, from the river, was not walled, but had -double pickets, and entrenched round, about four feet deep; and in -the entrenchment was the second row of pickets. As we went on through -the edge of town (Amherstburg) I asked an Englishman where the other -prisoners were? He said they were in town, in a wood-yard; the Indian -hurried me along and would not let me talk to the Englishman. The -Indian had a little horse, packed with his plunder, which I resolved to -take, if possible, and ride into town that night. - -He took me to his place of residence, about three miles from Malden. I -was anxious for the approach of night, so that I might make my escape. -While I was consoling myself with the anticipation of seeing my fellow -sufferers at Malden, night made its approach. Some time after dark the -Indian spread blankets down, and made signs for me to lie down, and put -my coat, shoes, and socks, under his own head. I wanted him to leave my -socks on, for my feet would get cold; he made signs to warm them by the -fire. Thus I was sadly disappointed. - -Next day he examined all his plunder. He had a very good suit of -clothes, besides several other coats, socks, shoes, &c.; among these -were Wesley’s Sermons and a great many papers, which he gave me to -read. I found several old letters, but nothing of value. He discovered -I wanted to shave, and got his razor, shaving-box, and a piece of -glass, and made signs for me to shave. After this, I lay down on some -blankets and fell asleep. He came and awoke me, and gave me a twist of -tobacco, which I received as a token of friendship. In a short time -after, he started to Malden, and made signs for me to stay there till -he would come back. He returned in the evening with a blanket, tied -full of loaves of bread, just out of the oven, besides some meat. The -Indians always gave me a plenty to eat; and served me before any of the -family, with more politeness than I expected to find amongst them. He -had drawn some money. I asked him to let me look at it. I found it to -be pieces of cards with the number of livres written on them. - -The third night at length arrived; and he made my bed as usual; and -took my coat and shoes, but accidentally left my socks on. I lay down -with the determination to leave him before morning. I slept very well -for awhile. When I awoke, the house was dark. I thought this as good an -opportunity of deserting as I could get, but with considerable timidity -I made the attempt. I crawled to the door very easily, and raised the -blanket that hung up at the door; just as I was going out he coughed, -and I stopped until I thought he was asleep, and then started, without -shoes or coat, to Amherstburg. When I got there, I examined several -yards and gardens to see if there was any fire. After going through -many streets, I turned my course towards the river, and accidentally -came to the house where the prisoners were. The sentinel, who was -standing at the door, let me in without much ceremony. Providence -smiled on this attempt to extricate myself from the Indians. Thus, -through mercy, I escaped from the savages, and was delivered from the -doleful apprehensions of being sacrificed in some barbarous and cruel -manner, to gratify their bloodthirsty souls. I got in between two of my -comrades who were lying next to the door. My feet were almost frozen -before morning. - -During my captivity with the Indians, the other prisoners were treated -very inhumanly. The first night, they were put in a wood-yard; the rain -commenced early in the night, and put out all their fires. In this -manner they passed a tedious night, wet, and benumbed with cold. From -this place they were taken to a cold warehouse, still deprived of fire, -with their clothes and blankets frozen, and nothing to eat but a little -bread. In this wretched condition they continued two days and three -nights! - -_26th._ The Indians came early in the morning to search for me, but -they were not admitted into the house. The guard said it would be well -for me to keep as much concealed as possible, for if the Indian I had -left could get me he would kill me. He came to the door, and made -motions to show how he would scalp me. I disguised myself by changing -my clothes and tying up my head, so that he did not know me. - -The prisoners being destined to Fort George, were divided in two -divisions, the first to keep a day’s march before the second, in order, -probably, to be better supplied with provisions on the way. - -I being attached to the first division, the Indians examined the lines -very closely for me, but not possessing discernment sufficient to know -me, I fortunately escaped. - -Malden, or Amherstburg, is situated on the east side of Detroit -River, near its junction with Lake Erie, and contains about one -hundred houses, mostly frame; in lat. 42° 22′ N., long. 8° 3′ W. from -Philadelphia. - -We set out from this town, and marched seventeen miles to Sandwich, -a small town on the east side of Detroit River, and one mile below -Detroit; it contains perhaps about three hundred inhabitants. We were -divided in small companies, and put into different houses, where we -had the happiness once more to see fire. - -_27th._ We drew a ration of bread and fresh beef, but no salt, and had -no way of cooking the beef. We commenced our march at 1 o’clock, and -marched ten miles, part of the way on Lake St. Clair. In the evening we -were conducted to cold barns, and there shut up till morning, deprived -of fire. - -_28th._ We recommenced our march early, as cold a morning as ever I -experienced, and continued twenty-four miles on Lake St. Clair; at -night we were conducted to a cold barn on the beach; we lay without -fire, except a few who could not get in, who had the happiness of -encamping in the woods. - -_29th._ We again resumed our march, and continued on the lake fifteen -miles to the mouth of La Tranche River, called by some the River -Thames; during this time we had to run to keep ourselves from freezing; -we continued up the river five miles, and stopped while the guard went -in to warm and to get their dinner. Having drawn no provisions since we -left Sandwich, some of the prisoners were driven to the necessity of -picking up frozen potatoes and apple peelings that had been thrown out -in the yard. One of the prisoners, being unable to keep pace with the -rest, was left on the lake, but was accidentally overtaken by a sleigh -and brought on. After being in a stove room some time, he was led out -to march, trembling with cold. One of the guard observed, “he was a man -of no spirit to freeze such a day as this.” So barbarous were their -dispositions and treatment, that I concluded we should die of cold and -hunger. We marched ten miles farther to Captain Dolson’s, where we were -conducted into a large still-house. A number lodged below among the -still-tubs by the fire; the rest on the loft, where they were annoyed -with the smoke. Some time in the night they brought us a little bread -and meat. - -_30th._ We drew two days’ provisions, and cooked it. - -_31st._ It snowed all day; notwithstanding, we marched twenty-four -miles and were shut up in a barn wet and cold. Going to a barn to lodge -so cold an evening was like approaching a formidable enemy, for we -expected to perish with cold in the dreary dwelling. Many got their -feet frostbitten. We tried in vain to keep our shoes from freezing by -putting them under our heads. - -_February 1._ We continued our march twenty-two miles in a thinly -settled country, and passed through the Moravian nation of Indians; in -the evening we encamped in the woods. - -_2d._ We marched twenty-two miles, suffering greatly both with -hunger and cold. In the evening we arrived at Delaware township, a -small settlement on the River La Tranche. We were divided into small -companies, and were permitted to lodge in houses by fires. - -_3d._ We had been two days without provisions. Here we drew rations for -three days. Capt. Dolson left us to-day; the prisoners must forever -detest his baseness and cruelty. We resumed our march in the evening -and continued five miles, notwithstanding the snow was two feet deep, -and it was then snowing. We were better treated by our new guard. - -_4th._ We marched twenty-six miles to the head waters of the River -Thames, to Oxford township, a settlement of ten or twelve miles in -length. - -_5th._ We marched two miles, and were detained for a supply of -provisions.[N] After being supplied we continued our march in the -evening three miles farther, and where we lodged were treated very -civilly by the inhabitants. - -_6th._ After marching twenty-four miles, principally through a -wilderness, we arrived at Burford township.[P] - -_7th._ In marching thirty miles to a little village near the head of -Lake Ontario, we passed through the Mohawk Nation of Indians on Grand -River, who are much whiter than any we have seen; their mode of dress -is not different from other Indian nations, and they have the same -savage appearance; we were informed that there are six nations on this -river who hold a large body of the best land. - -_8th._ We drew our rations and proceeded on sixteen miles. In going -down towards Lake Ontario, we descended a precipice upwards of two -hundred feet into a level country; this precipice extends across -Niagara River, and occasions those remarkable falls. - -_9th._ We marched eighteen miles through a well-settled country. - -_10th._ We marched sixteen miles to Newark, lately called Niagara West; -it contains about five hundred inhabitants; many of the buildings are -handsome, composed of brick and stone; it has several churches, an -academy, six taverns, and about twenty stores; it is situated on the -west side of Niagara River, in lat. 43° 15′ N., long. 4° west; Fort -George stands at the upper end of the town. - -We continued here no longer than was necessary to make arrangements -to cross the river. A British officer took down our names, and the -regiment and company we belonged to, and said “we must not take up arms -against Great Britain and her allies until legally exchanged.” Thus we -were parolled; they hoisted a flag and took us across Niagara River,[Q] -which is about one-quarter of a mile wide to Fort Niagara, which is -situated at the junction of Niagara River and Lake Ontario, in New York -State; it is strongly fortified, and well supplied with artillery. - - -A FEW REMARKS RESPECTING UPPER CANADA AND ITS INHABITANTS. - -From Malden to Sandwich, and a considerable distance up St. Clair, -resembles a level plain thickly interspersed with farms and houses; -many places look like little villages. The houses are principally -frame, and have an ancient appearance. Besides being well supplied with -grain from their farms, they receive considerable benefit from their -orchards. - -The River La Tranche is a considerable navigable stream, and runs a -westerly course into Lake St. Clair; the land near it is rich and -fertile; the timber is oak, ash, hickory, walnut, sugar-tree, &c. -It is thickly settled as far as Moraviantown; but, from the river -on the north side, is an extensive wilderness of poor swampy land. -From Moraviantown to Grand River is a wilderness of poor piney land, -except Delaware, Oxford, and Burford townships, which are tolerable -settlements. From Grand River to Fort George, is a rich, well-settled -country, particularly along Lake Ontario. The inhabitants are composed -of English, French, Dutch, and a great many emigrants from the United -States. The whole has been estimated at eighty thousand; besides these, -there are unknown numbers of Indians. The Canadians are generally a -well-looking people, remarkably fair, but not well informed. They do -not set a great value on education, and it is not encouraged by the -government. Although their laws appear to be moderate, yet neither -the freedom of speech nor the freedom of the press is encouraged. The -officers are haughty and tyrannical in the execution of their orders. -I learned that a majority[R] of the inhabitants were in favor of the -United States government, and many had concealed themselves to avoid -taking up arms. - -The British forces consist of regulars, flankers, militia, _Negroes_, -and Indians. Agreeably to an act of their assembly in 1812, their -flankers are riflemen, volunteered or drafted for the term of six -months, and longer if not then relieved. The militia cannot be called -into service for more than twenty days, unless their country is -invaded. I heard of two companies of _Negroes_, runaways from Kentucky, -and other States, who are commanded by white men. A great many of the -Indians are stationed near the lines, who can be called to arms at a -minute’s warning. - -_11th._ After regaling ourselves on the plenty of food and drink -afforded us in the land of liberty, we set our faces homewards. One -mile from Niagara Fort, we came to Salt Battery; it was composed of -barrels of salt and dirt. From this they could play upon Fort George. -We proceeded up the river eight miles to Lewistown, which is on the -east bank of Niagara River, opposite Queenstown, and contains only a -few houses; eight miles farther, we came to Grand Niagara, a small -village on the east bank of Niagara River just above the falls, and -nearly opposite Chippeway. Above the falls, in the middle of the river, -is an island about three hundred yards long, the lower end of which -is just at the perpendicular edge of the fall. On both sides of this -island, all the waters of the rivers and lakes to the north-west, fall -down a precipice of one hundred and thirty-seven feet perpendicular, -and fall near as much more in a rapid of nine miles below. Before the -water comes to the fall, as it passes the island, it seems in swiftness -to outfly an arrow. - -_12th._ We arrived at Black Rock, nineteen miles above the falls. -Here is a considerable village, a navy yard, and three batteries well -furnished with cannon. It took its name from its rocky situation. From -this we continued on two miles and a half to Buffalo, the capital of -Buffalo county, New York State. It is situated at the foot of Lake -Erie, opposite to Fort Erie. - -We continued at Buffalo one day, on account of the badness of the -weather, and then continued our march thirty-two miles on the lake, and -then marched through a well-settled country to Erie, the county town -of Erie county, in Pennsylvania. It is ninety miles from Buffalo, and -is situated on the south-east shore of Lake Erie. We proceeded on by -the way of Waterford and Meadville, one hundred and twenty miles, to -Pittsburgh, and from Pittsburgh to Kentucky, by water. - -Language fails to express the emotions I felt on arriving safely at -home, to enjoy the caresses and society of dear friends, after having -endured so much fatigue, and having been so often exposed to imminent -danger; and having so frequently expected death, attended with _all the -horrors of Indian cruelty_. - - - - -NARRATIVE - -OF - -MR. TIMOTHY MALLARY. - - -During the battle on the 22d January, 1813, at Frenchtown, on the River -Raisin, between the combined forces of British, Canadians, and Indians, -and the American forces, I received a wound from a piece of plank, -which had been split off by a cannon ball. It struck me on the side, -and unfortunately broke three of my ribs. The battle having terminated -in favor of the combined forces, and I not being able to travel with -those American prisoners who were to march immediately for Malden, I -remained on the ground until the next morning, with the rest of my -wounded countrymen, who had received a solemn promise from the British -commander, that they should be taken to Malden in sleighs. - -This sacred promise was not regarded! It was sacrificed on the altar -of savage barbarity! to the god of murder and cruelty! Instead of -sleighs, Indians were sent prepared to murder these unfortunate -victims! who, after they had executed in part their purpose on the -ground where we lay, ordered several other prisoners and myself to -march for Malden. We had not proceeded far before they tomahawked four -of this number, amongst whom was Captain Hart, of Lexington. He had -hired an Indian to take him to Malden. I saw part of this hire paid to -the Indian. - -After having taken him some distance, another Indian demanded him, -saying that he was his prisoner; the hireling would not give him up; -the claimant, finding that he could not get him alive, shot him in the -left side with a pistol. Capt. Hart still remained on his horse; the -claimant then ran up, struck him with a tomahawk, pulled him off his -horse, scalped him, and left him lying there. - -We proceeded on until we came within three miles of Brownstown, where -we encamped for the night. The next day we proceeded on to their -encampment, seven or eight miles from Detroit, on the River Rouge, -which appeared to be head-quarters. They were furnished at this place -with bark wig-wams; here was a large number of squaws and children, I -suppose two thousand. - -They here stripped off my clothes, and dressed me after the Indian -manner. They shaved off my hair, except a small quantity on the top -of my head, which they left for the purpose of rendering the task of -scalping more easy. They bored my ears, which they supplied plentifully -with ear-rings, frequently by hanging one in another, like the links of -a chain. They wanted to bore my nose, but I objected, and they did not -insist. They frequently painted my face one-half black and the other -red, and frequently with red and black streaks. - -Shortly after our arrival at these encampments, I was adopted into a -Pottowatomie family that had lost a son in the battle at the River -Raisin. - -I was presented to this family by an Indian whose name was -_Ke-wi-ex-kim_. He introduced me to my father and mother, brothers -and sisters, and instructed me to call them by these respective -appellations. My father’s name was _Asa Chipsaw_, after whom they call -me; they asked me if I had a squaw; I answered in the negative, at -which they appeared well pleased, and brought me a squaw, urging me to -marry her. I refused, and told them when I got well I would accede to -the proposals; this they took as a great offence. After having made -themselves acquainted with the situation of my wound, they made a tea -of sassafras and cherry-tree barks, which was the only drink I was -permitted to take for fifteen days. - -They frequently took me to Detroit, for the purpose of helping them to -pack provisions from thence to their encampment. But they would not -suffer me to talk to the inhabitants of that place. Fifteen loaves of -bread, weighing three pounds each, ten pounds of pork or beef, and a -peck of corn, was what they drew for six days. This would not last -more than half that time; the remaining part they lived upon fragments -of dog or horse meat. They appeared indifferent whether they had -killed the animal that day themselves, or whether it had died by some -accidental cause seven or eight days prior to their eating it. - -They appointed me cook. I then had to undergo much fatigue in getting -wood, &c., for they lent no assistance. Their customary way of cooking -is to boil the meat and make soup, which they immediately devour -without salt. - -They have drunken frolics, whenever they can get any kind of spirits to -drink. When these frolics take place the squaws hid me, to prevent them -from murdering me. Once I was hid in some brush and deprived of food -for four days, during which time there was a continual uproar in the -camp, as though they had been killing each other. - -The squaws, who frequently visited me, and to whom I as often applied -for something to eat, informed me that there could be nothing had -until the men got sober, who would then either kill provisions, or draw -from Detroit. On the fourth day, when I had given up to perish, they -brought me a piece of a dog cooked without salt, and although you may -feel squeamish when I mention it, yet it was to me the sweetest morsel -that I ever recollect to have eaten. - -During my stay with them I saw them take a number of scalps to Malden, -for which they said they received from four to six dollars each, either -in whiskey or store goods. They said they got thirty-seven scalps at -the battle of the 18th, and upwards of four hundred at that of the 22d -January. I replied, that there were only ten scalped on the 18th. They -said “Yankee d--d lie;” and they further stated, that they had only two -killed on the 18th. I replied, Indian d--d lie, for I saw myself twelve -dead on the field. I asked them how many British and Indians were at -the River Raisin, on the 22d January; they replied, that there were two -thousand five hundred Indians, and one thousand British. - -They would frequently make motions imitating the Americans when they -were scalping them, by turning, twisting, mourning, &c.; this was done -to aggravate me. - -They once gave me a jug of whiskey, requesting me to drink. I drank -what satisfied me, and offered them the jug again--they insisted on -me to drink more; I put the jug to my head, but did not drink; they -discovered the cheat, and cried out “Yankee no good man, d--d lie;” -they then made me drink until they could hear it gurgle in my throat. - -About three weeks before the battle at the Rapids, the squaws and boys -were employed in dressing deer-skins, which were to equip the warriors -for their march thither. During this time, the warriors were collecting -and dancing the war-dance. They informed me that they were going to -Quo-by-ghaw, which I learned from the French, was the Rapids. I further -learned that the British had promised them the possession of Fort -Meigs, as well as the disposal of Gen. Harrison. They then calculated -on Fort Meigs as their chief place of deposit, from which they could -make incursions into the State of Ohio, kill a vast number of the -inhabitants, and satisfy themselves with plunder. They calculated on -having a three days’ frolic in the burning of Gen. Harrison. - -Two weeks before their march for Fort Meigs, Tecumseh was with them. He -was busily employed rallying those who were indifferent about going to -the battle, and encouraging those who had volunteered; amongst other -persuasive arguments to volunteer, he made use of these, viz.: that -Fort Meigs was badly constructed and illy defended; asserting that -they could take it without the loss of a man. But, if this could not -be effected, he would then lead them on to Fort Wayne, which would -certainly fall an easy prey to them. He then left them, and went to the -Wabash to brings his warriors, who were stationed at that place. - -Previous to the march of the Indians, they took bark of swamp willow, -and tobacco, mixed them together, and pulverized them. They then formed -a circle round a fire which had been prepared for that purpose, and one -rose and delivered a speech, I understood, relative to the war. At the -conclusion of the speech, they passed this powder around the circle, -each individual taking a pinch as it passed; each then snuffed a part -of this portion, and threw the remaining part in the fire. After this -had been performed with the greatest solemnity, one took the snuff -which yet remained in the vessel, and threw it in the fire. They then -took up their packs, raised the scalp halloo, waved their tomahawks -over their heads, and marched for battle. - -There were three thousand who drew four days’ rations at Detroit. When -they left us, they told us to be good boys, and stay there till they -came back, and they would bring some more Yankees, who should cook, -and do all the hard work, and we might go with them hunting. - -They left us in care of the squaws and a few old men. - -We had no other way by which to get free from this unpleasant -situation, but deserting them; for they had been offered one hundred -dollars each, for four of us, by the citizens of Detroit, but refused -it. These four were Major Graves, Samuel Ganoe, John Davenport, and -myself. - -Thinking this as favorable an opportunity as we could get, I requested -Samuel Ganoe to set off with me; he readily consented, and we set off -just at dark, and ran to Detroit, which was eight miles, and got to -the house of Mr. H., who concealed us in his cellar. He had a hole dug -in the bottom of his cellar six or eight feet deep, for the purpose -of keeping potatoes; and in this we were put, and he laid planks over -it, and threw dirt on the planks, which caused it to bear so nice a -semblance to the other part of the cellar, that the Indians could not -distinguish it from the common bottom. This dismal dungeon was our -abode for half a day, during which time the Indians came, and searched -carefully for us, but in vain. After they were gone, Mr. H. asked a -British officer if he would take the care of us. He replied in the -affirmative, and then sent us immediately to the fort at Detroit, -where we were kept two days, the Indians still searching for us. On the -second night about midnight, we were sent to Sandwich, and kept there -two days with but little to eat, and then sent to Malden. We found the -force at Malden to consist of sixty Canadian French, besides eighty who -had received wounds at the River Raisin, and who would no doubt remain -invalids for life. We also found stationed at Malden, James Girty, who, -I was informed, was brother to the infamous Simon Girty; his business -was to receive scalps from the Indians; his pay for this service was -three dollars per week. I saw here about half a bushel of scalps in a -kettle! the number I cannot guess at. - -After every exertion to take Fort Meigs had failed, the British -returned to Malden, cursing Harrison for a rabbit, which they swore had -burrowed, and which they could not take in that situation. - -From Malden we were taken across to Cleveland, on the 16th day of May, -1813. - -The following prisoners were with the Indians at the time I was a -prisoner, viz.: Major Graves, Jarret Dougherty, Thomas Jones, Joseph -Foddre, and John Fightmaster; the latter of whom had deserted from us, -was brought back, and made to ride the wooden horse. He then deserted -to the Indians, swearing--he had rather stay with them than ride -Winchester’s _English mare_ again. - -I heard of three other prisoners, but do not remember their names; two -of whom were about twenty miles from Detroit, and the other near Malden. - -From Cleveland nothing worth relating occurred until I arrived at home, -in Bourbon county, Kentucky; where I found my friends all in good -health, my father excepted, who had gone to face the same enemy from -whom I had just made my escape. - - - - -NARRATIVE - -OF - -MR. JOHN DAVENPORT. - - -During the battle which was fought on the 18th of January, 1813, -between the American forces, under the command of Colonel Lewis, and -the combined British and Indians, I received a wound in my right leg -by a ball which fractured the bone, but did not entirely break it. -After the battle was over I, with many others who were also wounded, -was carried off the field and put in a house, where we remained until -after the battle of the 22d, when we were surrendered prisoners of war -to the British. I remained here during the night of the 22d, with the -expectation of being carried to Malden the next day, but in this I was -disappointed. On the morning of the 23d I witnessed the most horrid -scenes of cruelty imaginable; for the British, instead of sending -sleighs, as was most solemnly promised, to convey the wounded prisoners -to Maiden, sent the Indians, who, after selecting a few from amongst -the wounded, tomahawked and scalped the rest in the most savage and -cruel manner that malice could invent, or devils incarnate execute, -and set fire to the houses in which they had been and burned them to -ashes! Then, instead of going to Malden, they took me to Brownstown, -where I had nothing to eat except a little parched corn. While I was -at Brownstown an Indian asked me whether I had a squaw, to which I -answered in the negative. He then replied, “_We make an Indian of you, -and by’n by you have a squaw, by’n by you have a gun and horse and go -a hunting._” The next day we proceeded on our march until we came near -the River Rouge, where the Indians procured some provisions, consisting -of fresh meat, but no salt. From here we set off again and travelled -slowly (I rather think to favor the wounded) until we arrived at their -encampment, three or four miles from Detroit, at which place there were -a number of squaws and children who had taken up winter quarters. - -As soon as we had arrived at this place I was presented to an old -squaw, whom the Indians instructed me to call by the appellation of -mother. This old witch, as I took her to be, had lost two sons at the -River Raisin; I had therefore to supply the place of one of them, and -thus had to become the adopted son of the most hideous of all animals -that ever roamed over the forests of North America. After this they -dressed my wound for the first time, which now appeared to be getting -well fast; in the next place they trimmed my hair off, except a small -quantity on the top of my head, and painted me; then adorned me with -ear-rings, bracelets, &c. and put a band of silver round my head. By -this time I began to look very stylish, or rather made as uncouth and -grotesque a figure as any of my _copper-colored brethren_. - -While we remained at this place Mr. Gabriel Godfrey, a citizen of -Detroit, offered the Indians $100 for my ransom, which they refused. -I now began to conclude that there were no other means of extricating -myself from bondage, unless it were by flight, and therefore determined -to embrace the first opportunity that presented. In a few days after, -the Indians presented a squaw to me, who appeared to have little more -of humanity than the form, but equally as detestable as my _mother_, -although she was younger. This ugly looking creature the Indians told -me I should marry! I confess I never was so shocked at the thoughts of -matrimony in my life! I told them “_no good squaw_.” They then brought -several more of those inhuman looking creatures, whom I understood were -also candidates for conjugal felicity. I told them “_by’n by I have -a squaw_.” This appeared to satisfy them at the present time; in this -manner I frequently had to put them off. - -They frequently solicited me to wear a breech-clout, which I always -refused. One time my mother discovered me mending my pantaloons; -thinking this a good opportunity to get me to wear one, she immediately -brought one, which I took hold of and said “no good,” then threw it -down and stamped it. At the sight of this she was very much enraged, -and scolded desperately to herself in her own Indian dialect. I have -often wondered since that they did not kill me for disobeying their -orders, for I was extremely obstinate, and scarcely ever complied with -their injunctions. - -Notwithstanding my disobedience, the Indians treated me as well as was -in their power, especially my mother, who was very kind to me. Some -considerable time I had to eat my victuals without salt. I knew they -had none, yet I would always ask for some. My old mother, after some -time, procured some for me, which she kept hid to prevent the others -from making use of it, and never failed to give me a small portion when -I was eating. - -Intoxication is practised by the squaws as well as the men; they -frequently have drunken frolics, at which times it is dangerous -for prisoners to be amongst them. During these frantic revels the -prisoners are kept hid by the squaws (a part of whom keep sober) to -keep them from being murdered. One night, after the rest had gone to -bed, my mother, who had stayed out later than usual, came in, sat -down, and began to sing; she did not appear to be in her senses; I -soon discovered that this old priestess of Bacchus had got very drunk. -In this mood she seized hold of the fire and threw it on those who -were sleeping round the fire, which soon caused them to rise; she then -jumped into the fire and danced until she had burned the soles of her -moccasons off. - -They continued here about a month, and then removed about eight miles -on the River Rouge, in order to prepare for making sugar. While we were -employed at this business a Frenchman persuaded me to marry a squaw, -if they insisted, for I would then be treated with more respect, and -consequently would have greater liberties. After mature consideration, -I thought probably this would be the best plan I could adopt, in order -to make my escape, and therefore resolved to marry the next one that -was presented to me. It was not long before they brought me a squaw -(the most decent looking one I had seen), whom I resolved to marry -without hesitation. I however, when just on the point of forming a -connubial alliance with her, was prevented by an Indian, who claimed -her as _his_ squaw. - -Several weeks before the battle of Fort Meigs, the Indians began to -collect and dance the _war-dance_. - -Just before the Indians marched they prepared a number of hoops, both -ends of which they stuck in the ground and spread their blankets over -them. In this place they put hot stones, threw water on them, and then -went in themselves and remained until they were wet with sweat. This -I conjectured was done in the way of devotion, or in imploring the -assistance of the Great Spirit in their intended expedition. - -When the Indians marched I was committed to the care of the squaws -and a few old invalids. Thinking this the most favorable opportunity -I could get, I was determined to put my plan in execution. At night -I lay down with the intention of starting when the moon arose, but -overslept my time and did not awake till daylight. I arose and started, -notwithstanding I was apprehensive of being discovered, and ran -directly to Detroit, a distance of about nine miles, probably in as -short a time as any Indian in the nation could have performed the same -journey. - -As soon as I had arrived at Detroit I went to Mr. T. S’s, who had -persuaded me to run away, and he and his friends would conceal me, -which they did accordingly. It was but a short time before a Frenchman, -of the name of Shover, and some squaws, came in search of me, but could -not find me. - -From here I was sent to Sandwich, and concealed there two days, and -suffered extremely for provisions. From Sandwich I was sent to Malden, -where I found six of my fellow-prisoners, who, together with myself, -were kept under close confinement in the fort for three weeks. While -we remained here we frequently heard from the Rapids, but the news -was always favorable on the British side. One morning an old man, who -looked as if he had just emerged from the lower regions, came into the -fort and exclaimed, “good news, gentlemen! good news! we have killed -_fifteen hundred Yankees_, and have taken Harrison and all the rest -that were at the fort prisoners!!” I was informed afterwards that this -old man was the notorious Simon Girty, so much renowned for cruelty -and slaughter, and who has delighted in the shrieks of dying women and -_expiring infants_! - -From the most correct information I could obtain, their forces at the -siege of Fort Meigs, consisting of British regulars, Canadian militia, -and Indians, amounted to 5,000! - -From Malden I was taken across to Cleveland, and from there I pursued -my journey towards the delightful regions of Kentucky, where I arrived -in Montgomery county, in June, 1813. - - -THE BATTLE OF RAISIN, - -ON THE 22D OF JANUARY, 1813. - - On Raisin darkness reigned around, - And silent was the tented ground, - Where weary soldiers slept profound, - Far in the wintery wilderness. - - No danger did the sentry fear, - No wakeful watch at midnight drear; - But ah! the foe approaches near, - Through forests frowning awfully. - - And ere the sun had risen bright, - Fast flashing ’mid the stormy fight, - The thundering cannon’s livid light - Glared on the eye most frightfully. - - Then deadly flew the balls of lead! - Then many of the foemen bled, - And thrice their banded legion fled, - Before Kentucky’s bravery. - - And long our heroes’ swords prevail: - But hist! that deep and doleful wail-- - Ah! freedom’s sons begin to fail, - Oppressed by numbers battling. - - Rise! rise! ye volunteers, arise! - Behold! your right hand column flies! - And hark! yon shout which rends the skies! - Where Indians yell tumultuously. - - Rush o’er the bloody field of fame, - Drive back the savage whence he came! - For glory ’waits the victor’s name, - Returning home exultingly. - - ’Tis done. The dreadful fight is o’er; - Thick clouds of smoke are seen no more-- - The snowy plain is red with gore, - Where fell the friends of liberty. - - CAMPBELL. - - - - -FOOTNOTES: - - -[A] To prove that this surrender was not in consequence of the want -of ammunition and provisions, it is sufficient to state, upon the -authority of official information, that there were thirty-three pieces -of cannon, twenty-five of which were brass and eight iron, which were -well manned and supplied with ammunition. - -For the muskets, seventy-five thousand cartridges were made up, besides -twenty-four rounds in the cartouch-box of each man. - -In the magazine were sixty barrels of powder, and one hundred and fifty -tons of lead. - -In the contractor’s store were at least twenty-five days’ provision; -and in the adjacent country considerable supplies could have been had, -besides three hundred head of cattle, under an escort commanded by -Captain Brush, at the River Raisin. - -AN OHIO VOLUNTEER. - -[B] Colonel Allen stopped at St. Mary’s for the remaining part of the -army. - -[C] He died in a few days. - -[D] Pronounced Rushdeboo. - -[E] We learned since, the British officer was Col. Elliott’s son, and -was probably a Captain. - -[F] The French, who were looking at us when we started, were heard to -say, we were not men enough. - -[G] A Frenchman who lived in this village said when the word came -the Americans were in sight, there was an old Indian smoking at his -fireside; the Indian exclaimed, “_Ho, de Mericans come; I suppose Ohio -men come, we give them another chase_:” (alluding to the time they -chased Gen. Tapper from the Rapids.) He walked to the door smoking, -apparently very unconcerned, and looked at us till we formed the line -of battle, and rushed on them with a mighty shout! he then called out -“_Kentuck, by God!_” and picked up his gun and ran to the woods like a -wild beast. - -[H] It would have been better for us if we had been contented with the -possession of the village, without pursuing them to the woods. - -[I] This want of precaution was a great cause of our mournful defeat! - -[J] When the right wing began to retreat, it is said orders were given -by some of the officers to the men in the eastern end of the picketing -to march out to their assistance. Capt. Price and a number of men -sallied out. Capt. Price was killed, and most of the men. - -[K] Col. Proctor had informed Gen. Winchester he would afford him an -opportunity of surrendering his troops, and if not accepted he would -let loose the Indians on us, who would burn the town, and he would not -be accountable for their conduct. Gen. Winchester, not knowing how we -had resisted their efforts, thought probably it would be the case. - -But why did not Col. Proctor make this proposition before he had -exerted all his skill in trying to burn the town and to set the Indians -on us? Proctor knew very well he had done all that was in his power -with the force he had then, and he was then less able to rout us from -the town than he was at first. - -The British informed us afterwards that Col. Proctor had ordered a -general retreat to Malden, and that they had _spiked four pieces of -their cannon_! but he thought he would demand a surrender, according to -custom. - -Our officers, knowing that we had but little ammunition, and the troops -being still exposed to the fire of the cannon, thought proper to -surrender. - -[L] I was since informed that Col. Elliott instructed the interpreters -to leave the wounded, after dark, to the mercy of the savages. They all -went off, except one half-Indian. - -[M] Upon taking a view of these scenes of wo, who can avoid some such -exclamation as the following? Why has the all-seeing, beneficent Ruler -of the universe delivered so many of our choice officers and brave -soldiers into the hands of our enemies, to be slain in battle, and to -lie unburied, to be dragged away in the galling chains of captivity, -and to be put to torturing deaths by monsters of cruelty? Not, I -presume, because of infidelity and injustice towards our enemies; but -owing to our ingratitude towards the God of armies; and to our want of -confidence in Jehovah--our pride, our too great confidence in our own -wisdom, valor, and strength; our unbelief--and a catalogue of vices too -tedious to enumerate. Aggravated national crimes have involved us in -heavy and complicated judgments! - -[N] Here we met a number of the 41st regiment of British regulars, just -from Fort George, going to Malden to supply the places of those who -were killed on the 22d of January, at Frenchtown. They appeared to be -very sociable, generally of the Irish descent. One of their officers -said, “In a few weeks they would drive General Harrison and all his -army along there.” “Yes,” replied James Allen[O] (who was one of my -messmates), “before that time your Irish hides will be riddled so that -they would not hold hickory nuts.” - -Another of that party said, “What nonsensical things those leather -stocks were which we wore, with the sign of the eagle pecking out the -eyes of the lion.” Said Allen, “This is only the shadow, the substance -will soon follow.” - -[O] This Allen is the same who fought the duel with Fuller, near Fort -Massac, who was supposed to be a British spy, before the commencement -of the war. Fuller, after having been twice knocked down by Allen’s -balls, was found to have a Dutch blanket folded, and a quire of paper -over his COWARDLY breast as a shield. Allen was not injured. - -[P] Six of us, who formed a mess, stopped at a Major Boon’s, and asked -him “if we might stay all night.” He said we could. His father, who -lived with him, let us know he had been a Tory major in the American -revolution. He said “he had lived in the Jerseys, and had one of Lord -Howe’s commissions in the house then, and was a half-pay officer.” He -said “the Americans would have no possible chance to take Canada, for -the British next spring would bring seventy thousand Indians from the -north-west, and as many negroes from St. Domingo, besides three hundred -thousand Turks!” Said James Allen, “I suppose you will set dogs on us -next!” The old fellow said “it was very evident the Lord was on their -side!” Then said Allen, “If the Lord has joined with the British, -savages, and negroes, to massacre his own people, it is surprising! -But I rather think it is only your Canadian lord that acts in this -manner.” The old fellow then ordered him out of the house. He told him -“he was very well suited in a room, and would stay till morning.” They -still continued arguing. The old fellow said “We had no business on -their soil,” alluding to Frenchtown. Allen told him “we were on our -own soil.” He said “it was a lie, for Michigan Territory was given up -to them by General Hull.” Said Allen, “Hull was such a fellow as the -d----l, who offered Christ all the kingdoms of the world if he would -fall down and worship him; when, poor old sneaking whelp, he did not -own a foot on earth.” Said Boon, “You had better stayed away, for all -you have done; the Major who commanded the Indians on the 18th was here -a few nights ago, and said there was not one killed, and but three -wounded.” Said Allen, “I would not believe my father if he were to tell -me so, for I saw a number that were killed and scalped and lay on the -snow for days; and if there were but three wounded, there must have -been an abundance of blood in them to have stained the snow for miles -square.” Said he, “Did you scalp them? you are bloody dogs.” “Yes,” -said Allen, “you might say so, if we had hired the savages to kill your -women and children, and massacre and burn your wounded, when we had -promised to take care of them.” He said “the British had never hired -the Indians to kill women and children; they were too humane a people -to do so.” “Yes,” said Allen, “they showed humanity in the time of the -American Revolution, when they paid the Indians for infants’ scalps -that were taken out of their mothers’ wombs; they call themselves -Christians, and when the Indians sent home to them scalps, from the -unborn infant to the gray hairs, in bales like goods, they had days of -feasting, rejoicing, and thanksgiving to the Lord, for the victory they -had gained--the d----l would be ashamed to acknowledge such a people -as any part of his offspring.” The old fellow again ordered him out -of the house; but Allen told him “he would go in the morning.” Allen -said “we had more friends in Canada than they had.” “Yes,” said he, -“there are men mean enough to join against their own country.” Allen -replied, “none but a mean, low-lived wretch would fight against his own -country.” The old fellow took the hint, as he had been a tory, and got -in a violent passion. He asked Allen “if he was not a Congressman?” -Allen said “No.” “Are you an Assemblyman?” “No.” “Are you a Yankee -lawyer?” “No.” “Well, you are a Yankee liar, then.” Allen said, “if -we were of an age, and on an equal footing, you would not give me the -lie so often.” The old fellow told Allen “he must be an antediluvian, -for he appeared to know all things that had passed, and all the crimes -that England ever committed seemed to be fresh on his mind; he supposed -he was one of the greatest enemies the British had.” Allen said “he -had done his best; and if he was exchanged he would shoot at them as -long as he could crook his finger to draw the trigger.” A young woman -who was in the house said “we were only coming to drive them off their -lands.” Allen said “we were only coming to set them free, so that -those lands might be their own, and not King George’s.” She said “the -Americans that were killed at Queenstown had deeds in their pockets for -all their best plantations.” Said Allen “I must believe it because you -say so, but if I had seen it myself I would not.” - -The old fellow’s passion subsided, and Allen and he were friendly. - -[Q] The second division, who had been used far better than the first, -arrived the day following, and were parolled in like manner, amounting -in all to five hundred and twelve. - -Particular inquiries were made respecting the British loss in the -battle of the 22d, while passing through Canada. The loyalists stated -their loss to be very trifling; some would say fifteen killed, and -others twenty-five. But different persons, in whom we had reason to -place confidence, stated their loss to be very considerable--about six -hundred killed and wounded, and amongst these Col. St. George. This -account will not be considered exaggerated, when reflecting on the -length of time they were exposed to a deliberate and well-directed fire -from our troops ... the number that was seen lying on the ground after -they retreated, and the number of sleighs loaded with their bloody guns. - -[R] An inhabitant near the head of Lake Ontario heard of the prisoners, -and went to see them. He began to talk to one, judging him to be an -American officer, and telling him he had more friends in Canada than -the British had, and if he wanted money, or any assistance, he should -be accommodated. The poor fellow soon found his mistake, that he was -talking to a British officer, just from Fort George. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - - - Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_. - - Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. - - Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized. - - Archaic or variant spelling has been retained. - - The cover image for this eBook was created by the transcriber and is - entered into the public domain. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A JOURNAL CONTAINING AN -ACCURATE & INTERESTING ACCOUNT OF THE HARDSHIPS, SUFFERINGS, BATTLES, -DEFEAT, & CAPTIVITY OF THOSE HEROIC KENTUCKY VOLUNTEERS & REGULARS, -COMMANDED BY GENERAL WINCHESTER, IN THE YEAR 1812-13 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: A journal containing an accurate & interesting account of the hardships, sufferings, battles, defeat, & captivity of those heroic Kentucky volunteers & regulars, commanded by General Winchester, in the year 1812-13</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em;'>Also, two narratives, by men, that were wounded in the battles on the River Raisin, and taken captive by the Indians</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Elias Darnell</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: October 13, 2022 [eBook #69152]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A JOURNAL CONTAINING AN ACCURATE & INTERESTING ACCOUNT OF THE HARDSHIPS, SUFFERINGS, BATTLES, DEFEAT, & CAPTIVITY OF THOSE HEROIC KENTUCKY VOLUNTEERS & REGULARS, COMMANDED BY GENERAL WINCHESTER, IN THE YEAR 1812-13 ***</div> - -<div class="figcenter hide"><img src="images/coversmall.jpg" width="450" alt=""></div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_title.jpg" alt=""></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> -<div class="titlepage"> - -<h1><span class="small">A</span><br> - -JOURNAL<br> - -<span class="small">CONTAINING<br> - -AN ACCURATE AND INTERESTING ACCOUNT<br> - -OF THE</span><br> - -<span class="medium">HARDSHIPS, SUFFERINGS, BATTLES, DEFEAT,<br> -AND CAPTIVITY</span><br> - -<span class="small">OF THOSE HEROIC</span><br> - -<span class="medium">KENTUCKY</span><br> - -<span class="smaller">VOLUNTEERS AND REGULARS,</span><br> - -<span class="small">COMMANDED BY</span><br> - -<span class="smaller">GENERAL WINCHESTER,</span><br> - -<span class="small">In the Years 1812-13.</span></h1> - -<p><span class="small">ALSO,</span><br> - -<span class="xlarge">TWO NARRATIVES,</span><br> - -BY MEN THAT WERE WOUNDED IN THE BATTLES ON THE RIVER<br> -RAISIN, AND TAKEN CAPTIVE BY THE INDIANS.</p> - -<hr class="tiny"> -<p><span class="xlarge">BY ELIAS DARNELL.</span></p> -<hr class="tiny"> -<p>PHILADELPHIA:<br> -<span class="large">LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO, AND CO.</span><br> -1854.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="center">PHILADELPHIA:<br> -<br> -T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[3]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">PREFACE.</h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> author of this Journal wrote it for his -own satisfaction. When he returned home, -he was induced to show it to a number of -his acquaintances for their information. Several, -on whose judgment he could rely, requested -him to publish it to the world. He -begs leave simply to remark that he was an -eye and ear witness to many things he has -narrated. He has represented things as he -understood and remembered them. Other -facts he obtained from testimony in which he -could fully confide. It is worthy of remark -that witnesses of probity, in giving their testimony -in courts respecting the same things, -often differ from one another as to many -circumstances, owing to their different capacities, -positions, and the like. It may be expected, -therefore, that some who were in the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[4]</span> -army, may not exactly agree with the author -in all things stated in this Journal. Let that -be as it may, he is conscious that he sought -the most correct information, and that he -endeavored to communicate it in a plain, -perspicuous style. If he has made any important -mistakes, should those interested -convince him of them, in a friendly way, he -will use the best means in his power to correct -them.</p> - -<p>As to the narratives subjoined to this -Journal, they are short, and he thinks, interesting. -He is acquainted with Mr. Davenport, -and believes him to be a man of veracity. -He had no acquaintance with Mr. Mallary -before he applied to him for his narrative. -His acquaintances will best know what credit -ought to be given to him.</p> - -<p>The gentlemen who gave the narratives, -it is obvious, are the <i>only persons responsible -for the truth of them</i>.</p> - -<p>The whole is, with diffidence, submitted to -the candor of a generous public, by</p> - -<p class="right">ELIAS DARNELL.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[5]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">JOURNAL OF THE CAMPAIGN,<br> - -<i>&c. &c.</i></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">For</span> a few years past differences existed -between the United States of America and -the Kingdom of Great Britain. Every possible -means had been used on the part of the -executive and legislative departments of the -general government of the United States, to -adjust those differences upon honorable and -equitable terms. But Great Britain treated -every reasonable proposition with haughtiness -and contempt, and still persisted in violating -the just rights of the Americans, by -committing depredations on the high seas, -and by impressing the citizens of the United -States into the service of his Majesty, and -employing the savages to murder the defenceless -inhabitants of the frontiers. The United -States having long borne these outrages with -great patience, at length wearied with insults,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[6]</span> -resorted to the last and most painful alternative -of declaring war (which was done on -the 18th of June, 1812); and the government -having called for volunteers, more than the -quota of this State rallied round their country’s -standard, ready to assist in a vigorous -prosecution of the war, in order to hasten a -speedy and honorable peace.</p> - -<p>General Hull having been appointed by -the general government to take possession of -part of Upper Canada, his forces, amounting -to about 3,000, not being considered sufficient -to execute that design, three regiments -of volunteer infantry and one regiment of -United States infantry, amounting in all to -about 2,300, were called and destined to his -assistance.</p> - -<p>Agreeably to a general order, the following -regiments rendezvoused at Georgetown, -August 15, 1812, to wit:—</p> - -<p>The first regiment was commanded by -Colonel John M. Scott, the fifth regiment was -commanded by Colonel William Lewis, the -first rifle regiment by Colonel John Allen, -the 17th United States regiment by Colonel -Samuel Wells; the whole under the command -of Brigadier-General Payne.</p> - -<p><i>16th.</i> The troops paraded early in the -morning, and were received by Governor -Scott. We paraded again at 10 o’clock, and -marched to a convenient place in close order,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span> -where the Rev. Mr. Blythe preached a short -sermon, and the Honorable Henry Clay delivered -an appropriate discourse.</p> - -<p><i>17th.</i> The troops were inspected by Major -Garrard.</p> - -<p><i>18th.</i> We drew two months’ pay in advance. -There being a general complaint -amongst the volunteers respecting sixteen -dollars, which were expected to be drawn in -lieu of clothing, Major Graves paraded his -battalion, and gave them their choice to go -on without the sixteen dollars, or return -home. <i>Six</i> chose to return; these, to fix an -odium upon them, were drummed out of -camp and through town.</p> - -<p><i>19th.</i> We commenced our march in high -spirits to join General Hull at Detroit, or in -Canada. Each regiment, for convenience and -speed, marched separately to Newport. We -arrived at Newport the 24th; it is 80 miles -from Georgetown. It rained most of the -time, which made it disagreeable travelling -and encamping. These hardships tended a -little to quench the excessive patriotic flame -that had blazed so conspicuously at the different -musters and barbecues.</p> - -<p>Here we received information of General -Hull having surrendered Detroit and Michigan -Territory to General Brock, on the 15th -of this instant, while in possession of the necessary -means to have held that post against<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span> -the forces of Upper Canada.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> This we could -not believe until confirmed by handbills and -good authority; when thus confirmed, it appeared -to make serious impressions on the -minds of officers and privates. Those high -expectations of participating with General -Hull in the laurels to be acquired by the -conquest of Malden and Upper Canada, were -entirely abandoned.</p> - -<p>We drew our arms and accoutrements, and -crossed the Ohio on the 27th. Our destiny -was thought to be Fort Wayne.</p> - -<p>The following general order will show -some of the evolutions which were performed -by this army while on its march.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="right">“<span class="smcap">Headquarters</span>, <i>Cincinnati, August 23, 1812</i>.</p> - -<p>“The troops will commence their march -in the direction to Dayton, by Lebanon, at -an early hour to-morrow morning. The -generale will be beat instead of the reveille; -the tents will then be struck, the baggage -loaded, and the line of march taken up as -soon as possible.</p> - -<p>“The commandants of the several corps -will immediately commence drilling their -men to the performance of the evolutions -contemplated by the commander-in-chief, for -the order of march and battle. The principal -feature in all these evolutions is that of a -battalion changing its direction by swinging -on its centre. This, however, is not to be done -by wheeling, which, by a large body in the -woods, is impracticable. It is to be formed -thus: the battalion being on its march in a -single rank, and its centre being ascertained, -the front division comes to the right about, -excepting the man in the rear of that division -who steps two paces to the right, at the same -time the front man of the second division -takes a position about four feet to the left of -the man in the rear of the front division, and -dresses with him in a line at right angles to -the line of march. These two men acting as -marks or guides for the formation of the new -alignment at the word—Form the new alignment, -March! the men of the front division<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span> -file round their guide, and form in succession -on his right. At the same time the men of -the rear division file up in succession to the -left of the guide, and dress in a line with him -and the guide of the front division. This -manœuvre may be performed by any number -of men, by company and platoon as well -as battalion.</p> - -<p class="right">“<span class="smcap">Wm. H. Harrison</span>,    <br> -“<i>Major-General Commanding</i>.”</p> -</div> - -<p><i>31st.</i> General Harrison overtook the army -between Lebanon and Dayton. He was received -joyfully by all the troops as commander-in-chief, -with three cheers.</p> - -<p><i>September 1.</i> The army arrived at Dayton, -fifty miles from Cincinnati, and was saluted -by the firing of cannon. One of the men -who were firing the cannon got one of his -hands shot off, and the other badly wounded. -We arrived at Piqua, September 3, thirty -miles from Dayton, on the Big Miami.</p> - -<p><i>4th.</i> Received information of the critical -situation of Fort Wayne. Colonel Allen’s<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> -regiment and two companies from Colonel -Lewis’s, drew twenty-four rounds of ammunition, -and started with all possible speed to -the relief of that fort.</p> - -<p><i>5th.</i> General Harrison having paraded the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span> -remaining part of the army in a circle in close -order, delivered a speech to them, stating -that he had just received intelligence from -Fort Wayne; that it was in great danger of -being taken by the Indians and British; he -said that we were under the necessity of -making a forced march to their relief. He -read some of the articles of war, and stated -the absolute necessity of such regulations and -restrictions in an army, and if there were any -who could not feel willing to submit to those -articles and go on with him they might then -return home. <i>One man</i> belonging to Colonel -Scott’s regiment made a choice of returning -home, rather than submit to those terms. -Some of his acquaintances got a permit to -escort him part of the way home. Two of -them got him upon a rail and carried him to -the river; a crowd followed after; they ducked -him several times in the water, and washed -away all his patriotism.</p> - -<p><i>6th.</i> We marched at 12 o’clock—we left -all our sick and part of our clothing and -baggage at Piqua, in order to make as much -speed as possible. On the morning of the -8th, three miles from St. Mary’s, one of Captain -M‘Gowen’s company was accidentally -shot through the body by one of the sentinels; -the surgeon thought it mortal.<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> We<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span> -marched four miles and encamped near the -River St. Mary’s, one mile from the fort. -General Harrison called the army together -and stated, through emergency, we must be -on half rations of flour for a few days, but -should draw a ration and a half of beef, as -he wished to go as light and as quick as possible. -He said, “any who do not feel willing -to go on these terms may remain at the fort -and have plenty.” I know of none that -stayed. St. Mary’s block-house is thirty miles -from Piqua, on the River St. Mary’s.</p> - -<p><i>9th.</i> We marched through some first-rate -woodland, and through a large prairie of the -best quality. It is badly watered; the water -in the wagon-ruts was the only drink we -could get to cool our scorching thirst, and -but very little of that. We encamped near -the River St. Mary’s, eighteen miles from the -fort. At 11 o’clock and at 3 we were alarmed -by the sentinels firing several guns; we -formed in order of battle, and stood so fifteen -minutes.</p> - -<p>The following extract of a general order is -designed to show the order of battle for night -and day attack.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="right">“<span class="smcap">Headquarters</span>,        <br> -“<i>Second Crossing of St. Mary’s, Sept. 10, 1812</i>.</p> - -<p>“The signal for a general charge will be -beating the <i>long-roll</i>. Officers and men will -be upon their arms and in their clothes.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span>“Two or more guns firing in succession -will constitute an alarm, at which the whole -army will parade in the order of encampment -(that is, in a hollow square), unless -otherwise directed. When a sentinel discharges -his gun in the night the officer of -the guard to whom he belongs will immediately -ascertain the cause, and should he -have sufficient reason to believe, on an examination, -that an enemy is near, he will -cause two guns to be fired in quick succession. -Should the firing of a sentinel appear -to have proceeded from a cause not sufficient -to give an alarm, the officer of the guard will -immediately call out ‘<i>all is well</i>,’ which will -be repeated through the army. The same -thing will take place upon an accidental fire -made in the day.</p> - -<p>“The order of battle for rear attack will -be so far attended with regard to the rear -line; the rear battalions of Colonel Lewis’s -regiment and Colonel Allen’s only are to -turn upon their centre, while the heads of -the front battalions are to close up the front -lines, then, facing from the centre, march out -until they respectively gain the flanks of the -front line. Should the attack be in front, -the senior officer nearest the flank battalion -will judge of the propriety of bringing up -that battalion to form on the flank of the -front line. The second battalion of Colonel<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span> -Lewis’s and Colonel Allen’s regiments will, -in all cases, close up as the leading battalions -shall advance, and make room for them. -Captain Garrard’s troop, forming the rear -guard, will also close up and act as circumstances -may require.</p> - -<p class="right">“<span class="smcap">Wm. H. Harrison</span>,     <br > -“<i>Major-General Commanding</i>.”</p> -</div> - -<p><i>10th.</i> The order of march for the infantry -was as follows: the first and fifth regiments -formed one line in single file on the left, two -hundred yards from the road, the 17th United -States and the rifle regiments on the right in -the same manner. The baggage in the road. -The order of march for the horse troops: -One of Colonel Adams’s battalions of Ohio -volunteers was placed at the distance of half -a mile in front of the columns of infantry, -and marched in columns of companies in -files, and in such open order as to cover the -whole front of the army. The other battalion -of Ohio volunteers formed the right -flank guard of the army, at the distance of -three hundred yards from the column of infantry, -and parallel to it. The Kentucky -mounted riflemen on the left, the same distance -from the left column of infantry for -the left flank guard; Captain Garrard’s troop -formed the rear guard. We marched twelve -miles.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span><i>11th.</i> The spies wounded an Indian and -got his gun and blanket; our day’s march -was eleven miles; we stopped earlier than -usual in order to make breastworks, and because -it was a convenient place for water. -We fortified this place very strongly with -timber. At 11 o’clock the camp was alarmed -by the firing of many guns by the sentinels. -The whole army was formed in quick time, -the horse troops being in the centre ready -to assist any line or to obey any order which -might be given. One half of the men were -dismissed and retired to their tents for one -hour, then they relieved the first half. At 3 -o’clock another alarm took place from the -sentinels, a general parade was again made. -We stood in order of battle for some time. -The watchword was “<i>fight on</i>,” after which -this place was called “Fort Fight On.”</p> - -<p><i>12th.</i> We continued our march towards -Fort Wayne with as much caution as the -nature of our hurrying would admit; we expected -to meet with the enemy before we -reached the fort. In a certain well-known -swamp, through which we had to pass, we -thought probably the enemy would harbor. -We passed the swamp unmolested for a mile, -we were then alarmed. The rear battalions -formed in order of battle, but saw no enemy -to fight; we immediately resumed our march. -This alarm and the one the night preceding<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span> -seemed to shake the boasted valor of some of -our bravest heroes.</p> - -<p>This day’s march was twenty miles to -Fort Wayne, through a great deal of first-rate -land, rich, level, and well timbered, but -badly watered near the road; we suffered -extremely for water these three days. Our -arrival at this fort gave great joy to the inhabitants, -who were one company of regular -troops and a few families. The Indians had -closely invested the fort for several days, and -burned the United States factory and all the -other valuable houses which were not inside -of the stockading. Three of our men who -were caught out of the fort were killed by -the Indians. The Indians encamped about -the fort two weeks before they made the -attack on it, and were admitted in by Captain -Ray, the commanding officer of the garrison, -who would have surrendered to the savages, -had it not been for his lieutenant, who defended -the fort with great bravery. Three -Indians were killed and a few wounded. -Captain Ray was arrested and would have -been broken had he not resigned. The fort -was well provided for a siege, having in it -one hundred men, plenty of provisions, ammunition, -four small pieces of cannon, and a -good well of water.</p> - -<p>Fort Wayne is one of the most elegant -situations I ever saw, and must be an important<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span> -place to the United States. Three -weeks ago the neighborhood around the fort -would have exhibited a pleasing prospect to -those who had seen nothing for several days -but a dreary wilderness of one hundred miles. -A number of well-cultivated farms, with neat -houses, in view of the fort, would have excited -emotions of pleasure. I suppose there -were four hundred acres of land in cultivation. -All the houses were reduced to ashes, -together with a large quantity of small grain -and hay, by the savages; they were principally -Pottowatomies; they also destroyed all -the stock of every kind about these farms, -which was very considerable. Fort Wayne -is situated on the south side of the River -Maumee, opposite the junction of the River -St. Mary’s and St. Joseph, which are considerable -navigable streams in lat. 41° 4′, -N. long. 11° 5′ west from the meridian of -Philadelphia.</p> - -<p>We were alarmed by the report of some -guns which were fired by the sentinels; we -formed in order of battle for half an hour, -during which time it rained very hard, and -rendered many of our guns unfit to do execution, -except the bayonets. The alarm must -have proceeded from the timidity of the -sentinels.</p> - -<p><i>14th.</i> The whole force was divided and -placed under the command of General Payne<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span> -and Colonel Wells. General Payne’s command -was composed of Colonel Lewis’s regiment, -Colonel Allen’s and Captain Garrard’s -troop. Colonel Wells’s command was composed -of Colonel Scott’s regiment, the regulars -and the mounted riflemen. General -Payne was instructed to destroy the Miami -towns at the forks of the Wabash. Colonel -Wells was directed against the Pottowatomies’s -village at Elkheart. General Harrison -thought proper to go with General Payne; -so we proceeded on to the waters of the -Wabash; five miles from Fort Wayne we -encamped. Next morning we came to an -Indian hut and a small cornfield, two miles -from our encampment; here all the wagons -and baggage were left, and Captain Langhorne’s -company as a guard; from this place -we marched twenty-three miles to an Indian -town at the forks of the Wabash; we found -the town evacuated; we pulled down some -of their houses and built up fires and encamped; -we had plenty of roasting ears of -the best kind. It is a small kind of corn, -shallow grain, and very suitable for roasting -ears, which answered us a very good purpose, -as we had only a little provision with us.</p> - -<p><i>16th.</i> We marched through their towns, -four in number, in the bounds of three or -four miles, in which there were fresh signs -of Indians. We cut up their corn and put<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span> -it in piles, sixty or eighty acres, so that it -might rot. A variety of beans were found -growing with their corn; potatoes, pumpkins, -water-melons, and cucumbers were also cultivated -by them. Their houses were all burnt -by the orders of General Harrison; some of -them were built of bark and some of logs. -The tomb of a chief was discovered; it was -built on the ground with timber and clay, so -that no rain or air could enter; the chief -was laid on his blanket, his head towards -sunrise, his rifle by his side, his tin pan on -his breast, with a spoon in it; he was ornamented -in their style, with ear-rings, brooches, -&c. This is one of the most beautiful places -in the western country; the land is level, -well timbered, well watered, and the soil -equal to any part of Kentucky. Near the -town, where the timber has been cut, it is -covered with an elegant coat of blue grass.</p> - -<p><i>17th.</i> We got back to the baggage, and -found all was well. Capt. Langhorne had fortified -against the enemy with rails, so that he -would have been able to have held his place -against a considerable force. We took some -refreshments and pursued our journey, and -encamped near our former encampment.</p> - -<p><i>18th.</i> We arrived at Fort Wayne, and met -with a reinforcement of five hundred mounted -riflemen and cavalry, from Kentucky. A man -was accidentally shot through the head by<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span> -one of the mounted riflemen. Colonel Wells’s -division returned this evening from their -route, which was fifty miles from Fort -Wayne, on the waters of St. Joseph’s River, -very much fatigued. They found nothing -but deserted houses and corn to destroy, -which was about the same amount as was -found at the Wabash. Capt. Morris’s 1st -sergeant (David Irwin) died on the road. -One of the light-horsemen wounded a man -as he was feeding his horse, believing him to -be an Indian.</p> - -<p><i>19th.</i> We encamped in the forks of the -river half a mile from the fort. Gen. Harrison -not being legally authorized by the general -government, as commander of this army, -the command, of course, devolved on Winchester. -This resignation of Gen. Harrison’s -was done with much reluctance, as he had -placed great confidence in the Kentuckians, -and found he was their choice, in preference -to Gen. Winchester. The conduct of Gen. -Harrison at Tippecanoe, and his familiarity -with the troops while on their march to this -place, had gained to him a peculiar attachment. -Gen. Winchester being a stranger, -and having the appearance of a supercilious -officer, he was generally disliked. His assuming -the command almost occasioned a -mutiny in camp; this was prevented by the -solicitations of some of the officers to go on.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span><i>20th.</i> The Kentucky mounted riflemen -started to St. Mary’s under the command of -Gen. Harrison, in order to pursue the Indians -in some other quarter; their number was -about fifteen hundred.</p> - -<p><i>21st.</i> We received marching orders to -march to-morrow morning at 7 o’clock.</p> - -<p>The following general order, will show -Gen. Winchester’s order of march.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="center">“<span class="smcap">General Orders.</span>—<i>Fort Wayne Sept. 22, 1812.</i></p> - -<p>“The army will march in the following -order, to wit: the guard in front in three -lines, two deep in the road, and in Indian -file on the flanks, at the distance of fifty to -one hundred yards from the centre line, -when not prevented by obstructions.</p> - -<p>“A fatigue party, to consist of one captain, -one ensign, two sergeants, two corporals, and -fifty privates, will follow the front guard for -the purpose of opening the road. The remainder -of the infantry to march on the flanks -in the following order; Col. Wells’s and Allen’s -regiments on the right, and Scott’s and -Lewis’s on the left.</p> - -<p>“The general and brigade baggage, commissaries’ -and quartermasters’ stores immediately -in the rear of the fatigue party. -The cavalry in the following order: Capt. -Garrard and twenty of his men to precede<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span> -the guard in front, and equally divide at the -head of each line. A lieutenant and eighteen -men in rear of the whole army and baggage. -The balance of the cavalry equally divided -on the flanks of the flank lines.</p> - -<p>“The regimental baggage wagons fall in -according to the rank of the commanding -officers of the respective regiments. The -officers commanding corps, previous to their -marching, will cause the arms and ammunition -to be carefully examined, and will see -that they are in <i>good order</i>. They will also -be particularly careful that the men do not -waste their cartridges. No muskets are to -be carried in the wagons. One half of the -fatigue party are to work at the same time; -the other half are to carry the arms and accoutrements -while on fatigue. The wagon-master -will attend to the loading of the wagons, -and see that the different articles are -put in in good order, and that each wagon and -team carry a reasonable load. The hour of -march is deferred until 9 o’clock, instead of -7. The officer of the day is charged with the -execution of these orders.</p> - -<p>“The line of battle shall be formed agreeably -to Gen. Harrison’s order on his late -march to Fort Wayne.</p> - -<p class="right">“<span class="smcap">James Winchester</span>,         <br> -“<i>Brigadier-General</i>.”</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span><i>26th.</i> Two white men, and Capt. John -(an Indian who was with us), lost their -horses. They continued about the camping -ground in search of them; they saw two or -three Indians exploring our encampment. -They took this method, no doubt, to calculate -our number. The spies returned to camp -this evening, who had discovered many Indian -signs in front. Five of the spies who had -yesterday started with the view to go to -Fort Defiance, were found on the road shot, -scalped, and tomahawked by the Indians or -British.</p> - -<p><i>27th.</i> The spies and Capt. Garrard’s troop -started this morning to bury the dead. They -were attacked by a party of Indians who -were watching the dead. One of the spies -got shot in the ankle by an Indian. They -fired on the Indians, and with the assistance -of Capt. Garrard, they made them run, but -not without the loss of some of their savage -blood. It was supposed some of them were -badly wounded.</p> - -<p>Capts. Hickman and Ruddell returned, -who had started this morning to reconnoitre -Fort Defiance. They reported, that they -saw many fresh signs of Indians. As they -returned to camp they spied an encampment -of Indians; the Indians were talking and -laughing merrily. A detachment was sent -after dark in order to surprise them. Ruddell,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span> -their pilot, got lost before he got far, -so that they could not execute their design.</p> - -<p><i>28th.</i> The army was alarmed about a mile -from camp; we quickly paraded in order of -battle, and were anxious to meet the enemy. -The alarm proceeded from the spies, who -fired at some Indians in front. The spies -returned to camp this evening; they saw -where a large number of Indians and British -had encamped the night before.</p> - -<p><i>29th.</i> We continued on the same encampment, -five miles from Defiance, and forty-five -from Fort Wayne. The spies and horse -troop were sent out in order to make discoveries. -A party took the back track; they -saw where the enemy had wheeled to the -right about, and retreated; and fortunately -for them they did so. Our industry in fortifying -the camp with breastworks, and caution -and vigilance with which it was guarded, -would have rendered us able to have maintained -our ground against a superior force. -Wagon tracks were plainly to be seen—it -was thought they were going to Fort Wayne -with cannon, to take that place.</p> - -<p><i>30th.</i> We marched within one mile of Fort -Defiance, and searched for a suitable place to -encamp on: after every examination it was -thought best to continue here, as it was a convenient -place for timber. We pitched our -tents and built very strong breastworks round<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span> -the camp, which we had done for five or six -nights past; we also slept with our guns in -our arms, and paraded an hour before day, -and stood under arms till nearly sunrise. -From Fort Wayne to Defiance, we travelled -on the north-west side of the Maumee River. -The country is extremely level and well -timbered, but badly watered.</p> - -<p><i>Oct. 1.</i> Col. Lewis, with a detachment of -three hundred and eighty men, started early -this morning to pursue the Indians and British; -they crossed the Auglaze River, and proceeded -down the Maumee seven or eight -miles, but could see nothing more than the -appearance of the enemy retreating.</p> - -<p><i>2d.</i> Gen. Harrison arrived here with about -one hundred mounted troops, and two days’ -rations of flour. We have been without -bread four days. We were informed Gen. -Harrison was appointed commander-in-chief -of the North-Western Army; this was pleasing -news to their troops, as he was the choice -in preference to any other.</p> - -<p><i>3d.</i> The troops that were with Gen. Harrison, -consisting of mounted riflemen and -cavalry, three regiments, came to camp this -morning from St. Mary’s, which is 63 miles -from Defiance. They came with speed, to -assist the troops commanded by Gen. Winchester. -Gen. Harrison had received information -that all the British and Indian forces<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span> -of Upper Canada were on their way to meet -Gen. Winchester at Defiance.</p> - -<p><i>4th.</i> There has been great murmuring in -camp, on account of the scarcity of provisions, -which threatened a dissolution of this -army. Gen. Harrison having paraded the -army, addressed them and said, there were -twenty-five thousand rations provided for -this army at St. Mary’s; this should be conveyed -here as soon as possible, part of which -would be here to-day; he stated the consequence -of such mutinous complaints, and if -this army would disperse, where could he -get men who would stand? He said every -exertion for the supply of this army with -provisions and clothing, should be used. -He informed us there would be a number of -troops from Pennsylvania and Virginia to -join us, amounting in all to ten thousand.</p> - -<p><i>5th.</i> A fatigue party of two hundred and -forty men were employed to rebuild Fort Defiance. -There were a few men on the other -side of the river opposite to the fort. They discovered -a party of Indians, twenty or thirty -in number; they took them to be those -friendly Indians who were with us; being -not on their guard, they got close to them. -Four or five of the Indians fired at the same -time; they killed and scalped one of the men, -and made their escape. The murder was -committed not more than three hundred yards<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span> -from the encampment of the mounted riflemen -and cavalry, with Gen. Tupper at the -head of them. Those murderers were pursued -immediately by two hundred horsemen; they -pursued them in scattered order. A small -party overtook them five or six miles from -camp, and finding the enemy’s force superior -they had to retreat.</p> - -<p><i>7th.</i> The principal part of the clothing -which was left at Piqua, came to camp; it -has been greatly needed. A majority of the -mounted men who were ordered to the rapids, -and drew ten days’ provisions for <i>that expedition</i>, -refused to march under Gen. Tupper; -of course the contemplated expedition failed, -and they returned home, as their thirty days -were nearly expired.</p> - -<p><i>9th.</i> A few days ago, Frederick Jacoby, -belonging to the 17th regiment of United -States infantry, was tried by a court-martial -for sleeping on his post—he was condemned -to be shot. The troops paraded and formed -in a hollow square in close order, where the -Rev. Mr. Shannon delivered a short discourse -on the occasion. The square was then displayed, -so that the army might witness the -awful example of execution. The criminal -was marched from the provost guard with -solemn music, under a guard of a subaltern, -sergeant, corporal, and twenty privates, to the -place of execution; there he was blindfolded;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span> -the guard stood a few steps from him waiting -the hour of execution! This was a solemn -scene; a profound silence was kept by all the -troops. But fortunately for the criminal, a -reprieve arrived for him, just before the time -of execution! The General judged him not -a man of sound mind.</p> - -<p>The spies reported they had killed an Indian, -but could not get his scalp on account -of other Indians; they stated there must be -a large body of Indians near, by their trails.</p> - -<p><i>10th.</i> In consequence of the above report -of the spies, Colonel Wells started with five -hundred men in pursuit of the Indians; he -pursued their trails twelve or thirteen miles, -but could not see an Indian.</p> - -<p><i>11th.</i> The General ordered we should move -and encamp near where the fort was building; -this was, however, prevented by the -inclemency of the weather; it rained and the -wind blew all day, which made our situation -very unpleasant. A man died in camp last -night; he was buried with the honors of war; -he was escorted to the grave in solemn order, -and, after a short discourse by the Rev. Mr. -Mitchell, six men fired three rounds over the -grave; this was the first scene of the kind -witnessed in our camp.</p> - -<p><i>14th.</i> We moved to the fort, and received -a supply of provisions (salt, flour, and whiskey);<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span> -we had been without salt ever since the -7th, and without flour two days.</p> - -<p><i>16th.</i> A detachment of one hundred men -was sent this morning six miles below the -fort, to a suitable place of timber to build -pirogues.</p> - -<p><i>18th.</i> (<i>Sunday.</i>) The troops marched to the -centre, agreeably to a general order, to hear -the Rev. Mr. Shannon preach a sermon suited -to the times. While he was zealously engaged -there were six or seven guns fired -down the river in quick succession; this -alarmed the whole congregation—every one -flew to his arms and left the speaker alone. -The alarm originated from a pirogue party, -who had just arrived with a pirogue for a -supply of provisions.</p> - -<p><i>19th.</i> The fort was finished and christened -“<i>Fort Winchester</i>.” It is composed of four -block-houses, a hospital and storehouse, and -picketed between each block-house, containing -about a quarter of an acre.</p> - -<p><i>20th.</i> The General issued an order for the -troops to be assembled every morning at 9 -o’clock, at such places near the encampment, -as the commanding officers might deem convenient, -and cause the rolls to be called, and -mark all delinquents; and there, until 12 -o’clock, practice the manual exercise, and -manœuvre according to Smith’s instructions -for infantry.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span><i>27th.</i> In consequence of Gen. Winchester’s -receiving information, he issued an order respecting -clothing, which will show a flattering -prospect of being supplied, an extract of -which is as follows:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="center">“<span class="smcap">General Orders.</span>—<i>Fort Winchester, Oct. 27, 1812.</i></p> - -<p>“With great pleasure the General announces -to the army the prospect of an early -supply of winter clothing, amongst which are -the following articles exported from Philadelphia -on the 9th of September last, viz. -10,000 pairs of shoes, 5,000 blankets, 5,000 -round jackets, 5,000 pairs of pantaloons, -woollen cloth, to be made and forwarded to -the westward immediately; besides the winter -clothing for Col. Wells’s regiment some -days before; 1,000 watch-coats, ordered from -Philadelphia the 7th of October, 1812. September -24th, 5,000 blankets and 1,000 yards -of flannel. 25th, 10,000 pairs of shoes. 29th, -10,000 pairs of woollen hose, 10,000 do. socks.</p> - -<p>“Yet a few days and the General consoles -himself with the idea of seeing those whom -he has the honor to command clad in warm -woollen, capable of resisting the <i>northern blasts -of Canada</i>.</p> - -<p class="right">“<span class="smcap">J. Winchester</span>,        <br> -“<i>Brigadier-Gen. Commanding Left Wing N. W. Army</i>.”</p> -</div> - -<p><i>29th.</i> A fatigue party, consisting of three -captains, three subalterns, three sergeants,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span> -three corporals, and one hundred and fifty -privates was detached this morning, superintended -by Gen. Payne, to clear the way on -the opposite side of the river, so as to make -the view more extensive from the fort. The -spies caught a prisoner fifteen or twenty -miles below this place; he said he was just -from Detroit; he was suspected as a spy, but -he denied it; he said he deserted from the -British, who had had him in confinement -some time in consequence of his not taking -the oath to be true to them.</p> - -<p>Fort Winchester is situated near the point -between the Maumee and Auglaze rivers, -and is a handsome place; it is predicted by -some to become in a few years a populous -city. The greater part of the land in the -adjacent country is rich, and when improved -will be equal, if not superior, to any in the -western country. The Auglaze River empties -into Great Miami, which runs a north course -to Fort Winchester, and is navigable a considerable -distance.</p> - -<p><i>November 2.</i> We moved across the River -Maumee, opposite the point; it is a high -piece of ground and very level, but in some -degree wet and marshy: this movement was -in order to get convenient to firewood.</p> - -<p><i>3d.</i> This late place of encampment is found -not to answer a good purpose; therefore the -General thought it expedient to move from<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span> -this to a piece of ground one-half mile lower -down the river. As there were only a few -wagons, one regiment moved at a time—from -12 o’clock till after sunset before the last arrived -at the place of destination. This last -place appears to be very marshy, but not so -much so as the former. It is very difficult -to get a good place for an encampment at -this time, as we have had several rainy days.</p> - -<p><i>4th.</i> The troops have been engaged in fortifying -this late place of encampment with -breastworks, so that we may be prepared for -our enemies, should they think proper to pay -us a visit; the weather is very rainy, which -makes our situation extremely unpleasant, -though not more so than we could expect -from the climate and season. Four of this -army have gone to the silent tomb to-day, -never more to visit their friends in Kentucky; -the fever is very prevalent in camp; nearly -every day there is one or more buried.</p> - -<p><i>7th.</i> We received information from Kentucky -by passengers, of a quantity of clothing -coming out for the volunteers. By every account -from that quarter, the roads are almost -impassable. Major Garrard, and six of the -spies, started to the Rapids this morning. -This river abounds greatly with fish; large -quantities have been caught with traps, and -also with hooks and lines.</p> - -<p><i>9th.</i> Major Garrard, and those men with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span> -him, returned from the Rapids. They made -discoveries of a large quantity of corn, and -some hogs, and cattle, and a few Indians.</p> - -<p><i>10th.</i> The army moved six miles down the -river, in order to be better accommodated -with suitable ground for camping, and to -build more pirogues. This encampment is -the dryest we have been at for some time; -the land and timber are not inferior to any. -I trust this country was designed for a more -noble purpose than to be a harbor for those -rapacious savages, whose manners and deportment -are not more elevated than the -ravenous beasts of the forest. I view the -time not far distant, when this country will -be interspersed with elegant farms and flourishing -towns, and be inhabited by a free -and independent people, under an auspicious -republic.</p> - -<p><i>15th.</i> A detachment of six captains, six -subalterns, six sergeants, six corporals, and -three hundred and eighty-six privates, started -with six days’ provision, this morning, at -reveille beating, to the Rapids, under the -command of Col. Lewis.</p> - -<p><i>17th.</i> Col. Lewis, with his detachment, returned -about twelve o’clock, after a laborious -march of sixty miles. About eighteen miles -below this place, he was overtaken by an express -from Gen. Winchester, who had received -intelligence of Gen. Tupper, with five<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span> -hundred men, being at the Rapids, who had -discovered a body of Indians, six or seven -hundred in number, drinking and dancing. -Gen. Tupper, thinking this a good opportunity -to attack them, attempted to cross the -river, two miles above; he and two hundred -of his men effected this, through great difficulty; -in wading across some fell in the -water and lost their guns, which discouraged -the rest, so that Gen. Tupper could not execute -his design. This intelligence animated the -troops commanded by Col. Lewis, so that -they wanted to continue on that night, without -stopping, and attack the enemy before -day. Col. Lewis thought proper to halt, and -send an express to Gen. Tupper, for both -parties to meet at Roche de Baut,<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> six miles -above the Indian encampment, and unite -their forces, and surprise the enemy.</p> - -<p>The express returned at three o’clock in -the morning, and reported, he had been at -Gen. Tupper’s encampment; at the entrance -of which, he saw a man, dead, scalped, and -stripped. He concluded that Gen. Tupper -was defeated. This news changed the course -of Col. Lewis, not knowing their force. The -General has thought proper to have this place -strongly fortified with breastworks, four and -a half feet high.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span><i>18th.</i> One of the sentinels of the bullock -guard discharged the contents of his gun at -an Indian, as he thought, a few miles below -camp, where the bullocks were grazing; the -guard deserted the bullocks, and retreated to -camp. A party was immediately sent in pursuit -of the Indians, and behold! they found -Michael Paul cutting a bee-tree.</p> - -<p><i>20th.</i> Ruddell returned, who was sent on -the <i>17th</i> to reconnoitre the Rapids, and Tupper’s -encampment. He discovered a large -body of Indians at the Rapids. He was -through Tupper’s encampment, where it was -supposed he was defeated He saw the man -that was scalped and stripped, and he thought -Tupper had retreated, instead of being defeated.</p> - -<p><i>22d.</i> Smith and his party of spies had a -little skirmish near Wolftown. Early in the -morning they were eating their breakfasts; -one of them started to get a drink of water; -he had only got a few steps when an Indian -fired and wounded him, but not mortally. -After snapping twice, he fired and wounded -an Indian. Several guns were fired by the -Indians afterwards, but no injury was sustained. -In returning to camp the wounded -man was sent on some distance before, while -part of them remained in the rear as a guard.</p> - -<p>Capt. Logan, Capt. John, and another Indian, -started to the Rapids with the determination<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span> -to establish their characters (for they were -suspected by some to be traitors). Between -this and the Rapids, as they were rising a -bank, they met seven Indians and a British -officer, who took them prisoners, but let -them carry their own guns. After taking -them some considerable distance, they were -determined to liberate themselves or fall a -sacrifice. They succeeded in killing at the -same time, the British officer<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a> and two of -the Indians; they stated Logan killed the -second, but he got badly wounded through the -body; one of the other Indians that were with -him got wounded, but not mortally. The -two wounded got on two horses that belonged -to the dead and rode to camp, leaving Capt. -John to take scalps.</p> - -<p><i>23d.</i> Capt. John came in camp this morning -with a scalp; he said it was the scalp of a -Pottowatomie chief (Wynemack); he broke -his knife in scalping him, which prevented -him from scalping the others.</p> - -<p><i>24th.</i> Logan died, and was much lamented -by the men generally, believing him to be -true to the United States, and a brave soldier.</p> - -<p><i>December 1.</i> The troops are engaged in -building huts, which are far preferable to -tents.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span><i>2d.</i> The General has issued an order for the -camp to be picketed, which is three-quarters -of a mile round. It is on the north side of -the river, and is composed of three lines. -Col. Wells’s regiment on the right, Col. -Scott’s, Lewis’s, and part of Allen’s in front, -the remaining part of Allen’s on the left, the -river in the rear. The pickets were nearly -completed in one day, two feet in the ground -and eight feet above.</p> - -<p><i>10th.</i> The General has given orders to the -commanding officers of regiments to cause -each of their companies to be provided with -a good pirogue sufficient to carry its own -baggage, and cause all those who are without -shoes to make themselves moccasons out of -green hides.</p> - -<p>There are many who have not shoes and -clothes sufficient to keep them from freezing, -should we move from here while they are in -this condition; the clothes that the General -flattered us with the expectation, and the -clothes subscribed by the Kentuckians being -not yet received, except a small part of the -latter.</p> - -<p><i>13th.</i> Smith and his party returned from -the Rapids, who started two days ago in a -canoe; they did not go far before they left -the canoe, on account of the ice, and travelled -by land; some of them were dangerously -frostbitten.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span><i>14th.</i> An express arrived in camp, certifying -that the boats which started from St. -Mary’s on the 4th, laden with flour and -clothing, were frozen up in St. Mary’s River, -and the escort was building a house to store -the loading in.</p> - -<p><i>15th.</i> Capt. Hickman started this morning -to forward flour and clothing immediately on -packhorses.</p> - -<p><i>16th.</i> We have drawn no flour since the -10th, in consequence of which there was a -letter handed to the General last night secretly, -which stated that the volunteers in -two days, except flour came before that time, -would start and go to it; and they would -carry their camp equipage to the fort if the -General required it. This news was soon -circulated through camp. The officers used -every argument to suppress the appearance -of a mutiny. A court-martial was held at -Capt. Williams’s marquee to try John Hoggard, -a private in Capt. Price’s company, for -some misdemeanor. He was condemned to be -drummed out of camp. Col. Lewis paraded -his regiment, and had him escorted with the -fife and drum from one end of his line to the -other. So he was legally discharged from -the army. The most common punishment -in camp for criminals is that of <i>riding the -wooden horse</i>, or being put <i>under guard on -half rations</i>. All the beef and pork was issued<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span> -to the troops this evening; our dependence -for the next ration is on a drove of hogs that -has been expected several days!</p> - -<p><i>17th.</i> Three hundred head of hogs arrived -to our relief.</p> - -<p><i>20th.</i> The weather is excessively cold; the -ice has stopped the navigation of the river, -so that the plan of going to the Rapids by -water is entirely frustrated; we had prepared -about sixty pirogues for the voyage, which -will be left here for our successors.</p> - -<p><i>21st.</i> The General has ordered the commandants -of regiments to cause each company -to be provided with a sufficient number -of sleds to convey their baggage to the -Rapids. It is said these sleds are to be pulled -by the men, as we have not a horse in camp -able to pull an empty sled.</p> - -<p><i>22d.</i> A little flour came to camp once -more; quarter-rations of that article were -issued, which was welcomed by rejoicing -throughout camp:</p> - -<p><i>24th.</i> Capt. Hickman returned with joyful -news—that we should in a short time be supplied -with flour. The deficiency of this article -had produced serious consequences in -the army. We have here been exposed to -numberless difficulties, as well as deprived -of the common necessaries of life; and what -made these things operate more severely was, -all hopes of obtaining any conquest was entirely<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span> -abandoned. Obstacles had emerged in -the path to victory, which must have appeared -insurmountable to every person endowed -with common sense. The distance to -Canada, the unpreparedness of the army, the -scarcity of provisions, and the badness of the -weather, show that Malden cannot be taken -in the remaining part of our time. And -would it not have been better if this army -had been disbanded? Our sufferings at this -place have been greater than if we had been -in a severe battle. More than one hundred -lives have been lost, owing to our bad accommodations! -The sufferings of about three -hundred sick at a time, who are exposed to -the cold ground and deprived of every nourishment, -are sufficient proofs of our wretched -condition! The camp has become a loathsome -place. The hope of being one day -relieved from these unnecessary sufferings -affords some relief. We received this evening -a supply of flour, and have been delivered -from a state of starvation. It being Christmas -eve, just after dark, a number of guns -were fired in quick succession; the whole -army was ordered to parade in order of battle; -strict orders were given to suppress -the firing. About an hour before day the -firing commenced again; the army was again -paraded and strict orders given, threatening -to punish the offenders.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span><i>27th.</i> Part of the clothing arrived from -Kentucky.</p> - -<p><i>29th.</i> We are now about commencing one -of the most serious marches ever performed -by the Americans. Destitute, in a measure, -of clothes, shoes, and provisions, the most -essential articles necessary for the existence -and preservation of the human species in this -world, and more particularly in this cold -climate. Three sleds are prepared for each -company, each to be pulled by a packhorse, -which has been without food for two weeks, -except brush, and will not be better fed while -in our service; probably the most of these -horses never had harness on, but the presumption -is they will be too tame; we have -prepared harness out of green hides.</p> - -<p><i>30th.</i> After nearly three months’ preparation -for this expedition, we commenced our -march in great splendor; our elegant equipage -cast a brilliant lustre on the surrounding -objects as it passed! our clothes and -blankets looked as if they had never been -acquainted with water, but intimately with -dirt, smoke, and soot; in fact, we have become -acquainted with one much despised in -Kentucky, under whose government we are -obliged to live, whose name is “<i>Poverty</i>.” -We marched six miles and encamped near -Col. Wells’s regiment, which marched yesterday;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span> -the sick were left at No. Third, with a -company from each regiment as a guard.</p> - -<p><i>January 10.</i> We arrived at Hull’s road at -the Rapids, fifty miles from Fort Defiance, -and encamped on a very high and suitable -piece of ground. The second day after we -left No. Third, the snow melted and the -ground thawed, which operated much against -our march. We marched two miles, which -tried the strength and activity of our noble -steeds. The General, who remained behind -at No. Third, more properly styled <i>Fort -Starvation</i>, thinking probably to take the advantage -of the weather (this moderate thaw -had opened the river in a ripple opposite to -No. Third), had several pirogues loaded with -his baggage, and manned immediately. After -travelling three or four hundred yards -they found that they were blockaded with -ice; they landed and guarded the plunder, -until arrangements could be made for -its transportation by land. The weather -took a change the second of January. It -commenced snowing, and continued two days -and nights: after it ceased, it was from twenty -to twenty-four inches deep. During this -time we remained stationary. On the third -the army resumed its march, wading through -a deep snow. We had to stop early in the -afternoon to prepare our encampment; to -rake the snow away, make fires, and pitch<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span> -our tents, was no trifling task; and after this -we had to get bark or bushes to lie on; the -linn, in this case, was of great service to us. -Many of the horses gave out, and sleds broke -down; consequently, the plunder had to be -pulled or carried by the men. I have seen -six Kentuckians substituted instead of a horse, -pulling their plunder, drudging along through -the snow, and keeping pace with the foremost. -In marching to this place we came -through some good land, particularly the -river bottoms, which are very rich. Wolftown, -which is about half way between Fort -Defiance and the Rapids, is a handsome -situation. This has formerly been an Indian -town. We reached Roche De Baut the 9th, -four miles above Hull’s road, a place where -some French had formerly lived. Early -next morning (as cold a morning as the -Kentuckians ever experienced) a detached -party of six hundred and seventy-six men -marched in front of the baggage, and went -on four miles below the foot of the Rapids, -in order to examine if it were true, as said -by some passengers from the right wing of -the army, that there were six hundred Indians -encamped and picketed in, six miles below -the Rapids. The detachment marched within -two miles of the place, and sent spies, but -they discovered no signs of Indians. The -party remained all night, and partook of an<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span> -elegant supper of parched corn, and returned -to camp in the morning.</p> - -<p><i>11th.</i> Some fresh signs of Indians were -seen near this encampment. A detachment of -twenty-four men was sent immediately, under -the command of Capt. Williams. They had -not got far before they discovered the Indians; -the firing commenced on both sides -nearly at the same time. The Indians stood -but a little time before they ran, but not -until they lost some of their savage blood. -Capt. Williams pursued them some miles, -but could not overtake them. By the signs -of blood, some of them must have been badly -wounded. They left behind them two of -their horses, a brass kettle, and some other -plunder. One of Capt. Williams’s men received -a wound in the arm, and another got -shot through his hat. Capt. Edmiston, who -was one of the party, got his gun shot through -the breech.</p> - -<p><i>13th.</i> Two Frenchmen came in camp last -night from the river Raisin, who received information -of the army being here by those -Indians that Capt. Williams pursued, who -got there the night after the skirmish, and -stopped only a few minutes, and then went -on to Malden. Those Frenchmen solicited -protection and assistance, stating the abuse -they had received from the Indians, and the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span> -danger they were in of losing their lives and -property.</p> - -<p><i>25th.</i> Arrived in camp this morning, clothing -from Kentucky. The ladies who sent -this clothing deserve the highest encomiums. -If it had not been for their unexampled exertions, -we must have suffered beyond conception. -May they long live under the auspicious -protection of a free government, and -may kind heaven reward their unparalleled -benevolence!</p> - -<p>Another Frenchman came to camp, confirming -what was stated by the others. We -now began to recruit after our laborious -march, and after being deprived of a sufficiency -of provisions. Although we have -been without flour ever since we came here, -yet we have been better supplied with provisions -than we have been since we embarked -in the service. We have here in possession -many large fields of corn, probably three -hundred acres. We have erected a great -many pounding machines, to prepare it for -our use. This place has a solemn appearance. -The inhabitants have fled, and the -Indians or British have burned their houses, -leaving some of the chimneys standing. By -every appearance, this has been a respectable -settlement. Four miles below our encampment, -are the remains of the old British garrison.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span><i>17th.</i> A Frenchman came yesterday from -the river Raisin; he said two companies of -British had just arrived from Canada, and -the Indians were collecting, and intended to -burn Frenchtown in a few days. By the -repeated solicitations of the French, and being -counselled by some of the field-officers, the -General has been induced to order out a detachment -of five hundred and seventy men, -destined to the river Raisin; it was said, contrary -to the instructions of Gen. Harrison. -The detachment started<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[F]</a> early with three -days’ provisions, and proceeded on twenty -miles near to Presqu’ Isle, a French village -on the south side of the Maumee River. The -sight of this village filled each heart with -emotions of cheerfulness and joy; for we had -been nearly five months in the wilderness, -exposed to every inconvenience, and excluded -from everything that had the appearance -of a civilized country. When the inhabitants -of the village discovered us, they -met us with a white flag, and expressed particular -friendship for us. They informed us -the British and Indians had left Frenchtown -a few days ago, and had gone to Brownstown. -About three hours after dark, a reinforcement -of one hundred and ten men overtook<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span> -us, commanded by Col. Allen. Some time in -the latter part of the night an express came -from the river Raisin, informing Col. Lewis -there were four hundred Indians and two -companies of British there, and that Colonel -Elliott was to start the next morning from -Malden with a reinforcement.</p> - -<p><i>18th.</i> We started early, in order to get -there before Col. Elliott; after travelling fifteen -miles, mostly on the ice, we received -information of the enemy being there waiting -for us; we were then within three miles of -Frenchtown; we proceeded on with no other -view than <i>to conquer or die</i>. When we advanced -in sight of the town, and were about -a quarter of a mile from it, the British saluted -us by the firing of a piece of cannon; they -fired it three times, but no injury was sustained. -During this time we formed the line -of battle, and, raising a shout,<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[G]</a> advanced on -them briskly; they soon commenced the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span> -firing of their small arms, but this did not -deter us from a charge; we advanced close -and let loose on them; they gave way, and -we soon had possession of the village without -the loss of a man! Three were slightly -wounded. Twelve of their warriors were slain -and scalped, and one prisoner taken before -they got to the woods. In retreating, they -kept up some firing. We pursued them half a -mile to the woods, which were very brushy -and suited to their mode of fighting. As we -advanced, they were fixing themselves behind -logs, trees, &c. to the best advantage; our -troops rushed on them resolutely, and gave -them Indian play, took the advantage of -trees, &c. and kept them retreating a mile -and a half in the woods. During this time a -heavy fire was kept up on both sides; at -length, after a battle of three hours and five -minutes, we were obliged to stop the pursuit -on account of the approach of night, and retire -to the village; we collected our wounded -and carried them to the village, leaving our -dead on the ground. In this action the Kentuckians -displayed great bravery, after being -much fatigued with marching on the ice; -cowardice was entirely discountenanced; each -was anxious to excel his fellow-soldiers in -avenging his injured country; those only fell -in the rear who were most fatigued. Our loss -in this action was eleven killed and fifty<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span> -wounded.<a id="FNanchor_8" href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[H]</a> Although the enemy had the -advantage of the village in the first attack, -and of the woods in the second, their loss, by -the best information, far exceeded ours. A -Frenchman stated they had fifty-four killed -and a hundred and forty wounded, part of -whom were carried to his house, on Sand -Creek, a few miles from the village. An express -and the Indian prisoner were sent immediately -to the Rapids. Some dispute arose -between the Indians and some of the French -on Sand Creek; the Indians killed an old -man and his wife; in consequence of this the -French were enraged, and resolved to get -revenge. They applied to us for assistance, -but it was thought improper to leave the -village, though some of them had assisted us -and fought in the front of the battle.</p> - -<p><i>19th.</i> A party was sent out to the battle-ground -to bring in the dead, which were -found scalped and stripped except one. In -going over the battle-ground, great signs were -seen (by the blood and where they had been -dragged through the snow) of a considerable -loss on the part of the enemy. Two of the -wounded died. The British left a considerable -quantity of provisions and some store<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span> -goods, which answered us a valuable purpose. -The wounded could have been as well -accommodated here with every necessary as -in any part of Kentucky. Apples, cider, sugar, -butter, and whiskey appeared to be plenty. -The river Raisin runs an east course through -a level country, interspersed with well-improved -farms, and is seventy or eighty yards -wide; the banks are low. Frenchtown is -situated on the north side of this river, not -more than three miles from the place it empties -into Lake Erie. There is a row of dwelling-houses, -about twenty in number, principally -frame, near the bank, surrounded with -a fence made in the form of picketing, with -split timber, from four to five feet high; this -was not designed as a fortification, but to -secure their yards and gardens.</p> - -<p><i>21st.</i> A reinforcement of two hundred and -thirty men arrived in the afternoon; also -Gen. Winchester, Col. Wells, Major M‘Clanahan, -Capt. Hart, surgeons Irvin and Montgomery, -and some other gentlemen, who -came to eat apples and drink cider, having -been deprived of every kind of spirits nearly -two months. The officers having viewed and -laid off a piece of ground for a camp and -breastworks, resolved that it was too late to -remove and erect fortifications that evening; -farther, as they resolved to remove early -next day, it was not thought worth while,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[51]</span> -though materials were at hand, to fortify the -right wing, which therefore encamped in the -open field,<a id="FNanchor_9" href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">[I]</a> and Col. Wells, their commander, -set out for the Rapids late in the evening. A -Frenchman arrived here late in the evening -from Malden, and stated that a large number -of Indians and British were coming on the -ice with artillery to attack us; he judged -their number to be three thousand; this was -not believed by some of our leading men, -who were regaling themselves with whiskey -and loaf sugar; but the generality of the -troops put great confidence in the Frenchman’s -report, and expected some fatal disaster -to befall us; principally because Gen. -Winchester had taken up his head-quarters -nearly half a mile from any part of the encampment, -and because the right wing was -exposed. Ensign Harrow was sent with a -party of men, some time after night, by the -orders of Col. Lewis, to bring in all the men, -either officers or privates, that he might find -out of their quarters. After finding some and -giving them their orders, he went to a brick -house, about a mile up the river, and entered -a room; finding it not occupied, he immediately -went above stairs and saw two men, -whom he took to be British officers, talking<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[52]</span> -with the landlord. The landlord asked him -to walk down into a stove room, and handing -his bottle, asked him to drink, and informed -him “there was no danger, for the British -had not a force sufficient to whip us.” So -Harrow returned about 1 o’clock and reported -to Col. Lewis what he had seen. Col. -Lewis treated the report with coolness, thinking -the persons seen were only some gentlemen -from town; just at daybreak the reveille -began to beat, as usual; this gave joy to the -troops, who had passed the night under the -apprehensions of being attacked before day. -The reveille had not been beating more than -two minutes before the sentinels fired three -guns in quick succession; this alarmed our -troops, who quickly formed and were ready -for the enemy before they were near enough -to do execution. The British immediately -discharged their artillery, loaded with balls, -bombs, and grape-shot, which did little injury; -they then attempted to make a charge -on those in the pickets, but were repulsed -with great loss. Those on the right being less -secure for the want of fortification, were overpowered -by a superior force, and were ordered -to retreat to a more advantageous -piece of ground. They got in disorder and -could not be formed.<a id="FNanchor_10" href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">[J]</a> The Indians pursued<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[53]</span> -them from all quarters, and surrounded, -killed, and took the most of them. The enemy -again charged on the left with redoubled -vigor, but were again forced to retire. Our -men lay close behind the picketing, through -which they had portholes, and every one -having a rest took sight, that his ammunition -might not be spent in vain. After a long -and bloody contest, the enemy finding they -could not, either by stratagem or force, drive -us from our fortification, retired to the woods, -leaving their dead on the ground, except a -party that kept two pieces of cannon in play -on our right. A sleigh was seen three or four -hundred yards from our lines going towards -the right, supposed to be laden with ammunition -to supply the cannon. Four or five -men rose up and fired at once, and killed the -man and wounded the horse. Some Indians -who were hid behind houses continued to -annoy us with scattering balls. At this time -bread from the commissary’s house was -handed round among our troops, who sat -composedly eating and watching the enemy -at the same time. Being thus refreshed, we -discovered a white flag advancing toward us; -it was generally supposed to be for a cessation<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[54]</span> -of arms that our enemies might carry -off their dead, which were numerous, although -they had been bearing away both -dead and wounded during the action; but -how were we surprised and mortified when we -heard that Gen. Winchester, with Col. Lewis, -had been taken prisoners by the Indians in -attempting to rally the right wing, and that -Gen. Winchester had surrendered us prisoners -of war to Col. Proctor! Major Madison, -then the highest in command, did not agree -to this until Col. Proctor had promised<a id="FNanchor_11" href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">[K]</a> that -the prisoners should be protected from the -Indians, the wounded taken care of, the dead<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[55]</span> -collected and buried, and private property -respected. It was then with extreme reluctance -our troops accepted this proposition; -there was scarcely a person that could refrain -from shedding tears! Some plead with the -officers not to surrender, saying they would -rather die on the field! We had only five -killed, and twenty-five or thirty wounded, -inside of the pickets. The British asked, -when they came in, what we had done with -our dead, as they saw but few on the ground. -A barn being set on fire to drive the Indians -from behind it, they concluded that, to conceal -our dead, we had thrown them into these -flames.</p> - -<p>One of the houses that the wounded were -in, was much shattered by the cannon balls, -though only a few struck as low as a man’s -head. The bombs flew over. Some bursted -fifty feet above the ice, some fell on the ice, -and some fell over the river. Notwithstanding -all their exertions, their six cannon -(which were all said to be six-pounders) did -but little damage.</p> - -<p>In this battle, officers and privates exhibited -the utmost firmness and bravery. -Whilst the men were at their posts firing on -the enemy, the officers were passing along -the lines supplying them with cartridges. -Major Graves, in passing around the line, -was wounded in the knee. He sat down in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[56]</span> -a tent, bound up his wound, and cried: -“<span class="smcap">Boys, I am wounded; never mind me, but -fight on!</span>”</p> - -<p>The British collected their troops, and -marched in front of the village. We marched -out and grounded our arms, in heat and bitterness -of spirit. The British and Indians -took possession of them. But all the swords, -dirks, tomahawks, and knives were given up -with promise that they should be restored -again. [This promise was broken.]</p> - -<p>All the prisoners, except those that were -badly wounded, Dr. Todd, Dr. Bowers, and a -few attendants, were marched towards Malden. -The British said, as they had a great -many of their wounded to take to Malden -that evening, it would be out of their power -to take ours before morning, but they would -leave a sufficient guard, so that they should -not be interrupted by the Indians. You will -presently see with what aggravating circumstances -the breach of this promise was attended.</p> - -<p>Brother Allen Darnall having been badly -wounded in the right shoulder on the 18th, -and I being appointed to attend on the -wounded, I continued with them.</p> - -<p>Before the British and prisoners marched, -the Indians ransacked the camp, and got all -the plunder that was remaining—namely, -tents, kettles, buckets, pans, &c.; then coming<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[57]</span> -amongst the wounded, greatly insulted them, -and took some of their plunder. After they -went out I bolted the door. They came again -and broke it open with their tomahawks. I -immediately applied to a British officer, and -told him the Indians were interrupting the -wounded. He turned round, and called to -another officer to send the guard. The Indians -at that time had plundered the commissary’s -house (which was near the house -in which the wounded were) of everything -they wanted, and piled rails against it and -set them on fire: I, with the assistance of two -British officers, put it out. One of the British -officers (Maj. Rundels) inquired where the -ammunition was. I told him, if there was -any, it was above stairs. We went up, but -could find none. There was a large quantity -of wheat on the loft; he said it was a -pity it was there, for the Indians would burn -the house. I apprehended by that, the town -was to be burned, and began to lament our -wretched condition. After we went down -stairs, Rundels asked me how many we had -killed and wounded on the 18th. I told him, -but he very haughtily disputed it. I had the -return in my pocket. He read it, but made -no reply.</p> - -<p>Those that remained of us being hungry, -I applied to one of the British in the evening -for some flour, as there were a good many<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[58]</span> -barrels in the commissary’s house, which I -considered to belong to them. He told me to -take as much as I wanted. I asked him if -there was a guard left? He said there was no -necessity for any, for the Indians were going -to their camp, and there were interpreters -left who would walk from house to house and -see that we should not be interrupted. He -kept walking about and looking towards the -road. He told me I had better keep in the -house, for the Indians would as soon shoot -me as not, although he had just told me we -should not be interrupted! I suspected he -was looking for Gen. Harrison. Oh! if we -had seen General Harrison coming with his -troops, the wounded would have leaped for -joy! but I did not expect him.</p> - -<p>As they did not leave the <i>promised guard</i>, -I lost all confidence in them, and expected -we would be all massacred before morning. -I being the only person in this house not -wounded, with the assistance of some of the -wounded, I prepared something for about -thirty to eat. The Indians kept searching -about town till after dark. One came in the -house who could talk English, and said he -commanded a company after the retreating -party, and that most of that party were slain. -He said the men gave up their guns, plead for -quarters, and offered them money if they -would not kill them; but his boys, as he<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[59]</span> -called them, would tomahawk them without -distinction. He said the plan that was fixed -on by the Indians and British, before the -battle commenced, was that the British were -to attack in front to induce us to charge on -them; 500 Indians were placed on the right -hand and 500 on the left, to flank round and -take possession of the town; but he said we -were too cunning for them; we would not -move out of the pickets.</p> - -<p>We passed this night under the most serious -apprehensions of being massacred by -the tomahawk or consumed in the flames. I -frequently went out during the night to see -if the house was set on fire. At length the -long wished-for morn arrived, and filled each -heart with a cheerful hope of being delivered -from the cruelty of those merciless savages. -We were making every preparation to be -ready for the promised sleighs; but, alas! -instead of the sleighs, about an hour by sun -a great number of savages, painted with various -colors, came yelling in the most hideous -manner! These bloodthirsty, terrific savages -(sent here by their more cruel and perfidious -allies, the British) rushed into the houses -where the desponding wounded lay, and insolently -stripped them of their blankets and -all their best clothes, and ordered them out -of the houses! I ran out of the house to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[60]</span> -inform the interpreters<a id="FNanchor_12" href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">[L]</a> what the Indians -were doing. At the door, an Indian took my -hat and put it on his own head. I then discovered -the Indians had been at the other -house first, and had used the wounded in like -manner. As I turned to go back into the -house, an Indian, taking hold of me, made -signs for me to stand by the corner of the -house. I made signs to him I wanted to go -in and get my hat; for I desired to see what -they had done with the wounded. The Indians -sent in a boy who brought out a hat -and threw it down to me, and I could not -get in the house. Three Indians came up to -me and pulled off my coat. My feeble powers -cannot describe the dismal scenes here -exhibited. I saw my fellow-soldiers, naked -and wounded, crawling out of the houses to -avoid being consumed in the flames. Some -that had not been able to turn themselves on -their beds for four days, through fear of being -burned to death, arose and walked out -and about through the yard. Some cried -for help, but there were none to help them. -“Ah!” exclaimed numbers, in the anguish -of their spirit, “what shall we do?” A number, -unable to get out, miserably perished in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[61]</span> -the unrelenting flames of the houses, kindled -by the more unrelenting savages. Now the -scenes of cruelty and murder we had been -anticipating with dread, during last night, -fully commenced. The savages rushed on -the wounded, and, in their barbarous manner, -shot, and tomahawked, and scalped them; and -cruelly mangled their naked bodies while -they lay agonizing and weltering in their -blood. A number were taken towards Malden, -but being unable to march with speed, -were inhumanly massacred. The road was, -for miles, strewed with the mangled bodies, -and all of them were left like those slain in -battle, on the 22d, for birds and beasts to tear -in pieces and devour. The Indians plundered -the town of everything valuable, and set the -best houses on fire. The Indian who claimed -me, gave me a coat, and when he had got as -much plunder as he could carry, he ordered -me, by signs, to march, which I did, with extreme -reluctance, in company with three of -the wounded and six or seven Indians. In -travelling about a quarter of a mile, two of -the wounded lagged behind about twenty -yards. The Indians, turning round, shot one -and scalped him. They shot at the other and -missed him; he, running up to them, begged -that they would not shoot him. He said he -would keep up, and give them money. But -these murderers were not moved with his<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[62]</span> -doleful cries. They shot him down; and, -rushing on him in a crowd, scalped him. In -like manner my brother Allen perished. He -marched with difficulty after the wounded, -about two or three hundred yards, and was -there barbarously murdered. My feelings -at the sight and recollection of these inhuman -butcheries cannot be described. In addition -to these deep sorrows for the mournful fate -of my companions, and the cruel death of a -dear brother, I expected every moment, for -a considerable time, that the same kind of -cruelty and death would be my portion. The -Indians that guarded me and one of the -wounded, observing our consternation, one -that could talk English said, “We will not -shoot you.” This a little revived our hopes, -that were almost gone;<a id="FNanchor_13" href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">[M]</a> and he, having cut<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[63]</span> -a piece, hide and all, of a dead cow, started. -It is their common practice to kill a cow or -hog, and take a piece, and leave the rest. In -travelling two miles, we came to a house -where there were two British officers; the -Indian made a halt, and I asked one of the -officers what the Indian was going to do with -me; he said he was going to take me to Amherstburg -(or Malden). I judged these villains -had instructed the Indians to do what -they had done. A few miles farther, we came -to the Indian encampment, where there were a -great many hallooing and yelling in a hideous -manner. I thought this my place of destiny. -The Indian took off my pack, broiled a piece -of meat and gave me part; this I ate merely -in obedience to him. Then we started and -arrived at Amherstburg, eighteen miles from -Frenchtown. The other prisoners had just -arrived. The British were firing their salute. -The Indian took me into a house not far from -the fort; it was probably their council house; -it would have held 500. It was inhabited by -a large number of squaws, children, and dogs. -They welcomed me by giving me some bread, -meat and hominy to eat. After this an Indian -asked me if I had a squaw; I told him -not; he immediately turned round and talked -to the squaws in Indian, while I sat in a pensive -mood observing their motions. I discovered -the squaws were pleased, by their<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[64]</span> -tittering and grinning; one, I observed, had -a great desire to express her joy by showing -her teeth; but the length of time she had -lived in this world had put it out of her power. -I suspected, from their manœuvres, I -would have to undergo a disagreeable adoption -(as other prisoners had done)—and, -what was a task still more unpleasant, to be -united in the conjugal band to one of these -swarthy, disgustful animals. The Indian -asked me a few questions—where we had -come from—how far it was—when we started—and -if there were any more coming. In -reply to these questions, I gave him but little -satisfaction. After this they spread blankets -down, and made signs for me to go to bed. I -did, and soon fell asleep, as I was much fatigued -and had not slept much for four nights -past. Early next morning, the Indian collected -his family and all his property, and -started: I knew not where he was going; he -gave me a knapsack and gun to carry. Now -I despaired of getting with the other prisoners, -unless I could desert from the Indians! -I expected I would be taken to an Indian -town, there to undergo a disagreeable adoption, -or to be burned to death with firebrands. -As he took me near Fort Malden, I took as -good a view of it as I could while I passed it. -It stands about thirty yards from the river -bank. I judged it to be seventy or eighty<span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[65]</span> -yards square; the wall appeared to be built -of timber and clay. The side, from the river, -was not walled, but had double pickets, and -entrenched round, about four feet deep; and -in the entrenchment was the second row of -pickets. As we went on through the edge -of town (Amherstburg) I asked an Englishman -where the other prisoners were? He -said they were in town, in a wood-yard; the -Indian hurried me along and would not let -me talk to the Englishman. The Indian had -a little horse, packed with his plunder, which -I resolved to take, if possible, and ride into -town that night.</p> - -<p>He took me to his place of residence, about -three miles from Malden. I was anxious for -the approach of night, so that I might make -my escape. While I was consoling myself -with the anticipation of seeing my fellow -sufferers at Malden, night made its approach. -Some time after dark the Indian spread blankets -down, and made signs for me to lie down, -and put my coat, shoes, and socks, under his -own head. I wanted him to leave my socks -on, for my feet would get cold; he made signs -to warm them by the fire. Thus I was sadly -disappointed.</p> - -<p>Next day he examined all his plunder. He -had a very good suit of clothes, besides several -other coats, socks, shoes, &c.; among -these were Wesley’s Sermons and a great<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[66]</span> -many papers, which he gave me to read. I -found several old letters, but nothing of value. -He discovered I wanted to shave, and got his -razor, shaving-box, and a piece of glass, and -made signs for me to shave. After this, I -lay down on some blankets and fell asleep. -He came and awoke me, and gave me a twist -of tobacco, which I received as a token of -friendship. In a short time after, he started -to Malden, and made signs for me to stay -there till he would come back. He returned -in the evening with a blanket, tied full of -loaves of bread, just out of the oven, besides -some meat. The Indians always gave me a -plenty to eat; and served me before any of -the family, with more politeness than I expected -to find amongst them. He had drawn -some money. I asked him to let me look at -it. I found it to be pieces of cards with the -number of livres written on them.</p> - -<p>The third night at length arrived; and he -made my bed as usual; and took my coat -and shoes, but accidentally left my socks on. -I lay down with the determination to leave -him before morning. I slept very well for -awhile. When I awoke, the house was dark. -I thought this as good an opportunity of deserting -as I could get, but with considerable -timidity I made the attempt. I crawled to -the door very easily, and raised the blanket -that hung up at the door; just as I was going<span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[67]</span> -out he coughed, and I stopped until I thought -he was asleep, and then started, without shoes -or coat, to Amherstburg. When I got there, -I examined several yards and gardens to see -if there was any fire. After going through -many streets, I turned my course towards -the river, and accidentally came to the house -where the prisoners were. The sentinel, who -was standing at the door, let me in without -much ceremony. Providence smiled on this -attempt to extricate myself from the Indians. -Thus, through mercy, I escaped from the -savages, and was delivered from the doleful -apprehensions of being sacrificed in some -barbarous and cruel manner, to gratify their -bloodthirsty souls. I got in between two of -my comrades who were lying next to the -door. My feet were almost frozen before -morning.</p> - -<p>During my captivity with the Indians, the -other prisoners were treated very inhumanly. -The first night, they were put in a wood-yard; -the rain commenced early in the night, and -put out all their fires. In this manner they -passed a tedious night, wet, and benumbed -with cold. From this place they were taken -to a cold warehouse, still deprived of fire, -with their clothes and blankets frozen, and -nothing to eat but a little bread. In this -wretched condition they continued two days -and three nights!</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[68]</span><i>26th.</i> The Indians came early in the morning -to search for me, but they were not admitted -into the house. The guard said it -would be well for me to keep as much concealed -as possible, for if the Indian I had left -could get me he would kill me. He came to -the door, and made motions to show how he -would scalp me. I disguised myself by changing -my clothes and tying up my head, so that -he did not know me.</p> - -<p>The prisoners being destined to Fort George, -were divided in two divisions, the first to keep -a day’s march before the second, in order, -probably, to be better supplied with provisions -on the way.</p> - -<p>I being attached to the first division, the -Indians examined the lines very closely for -me, but not possessing discernment sufficient -to know me, I fortunately escaped.</p> - -<p>Malden, or Amherstburg, is situated on the -east side of Detroit River, near its junction -with Lake Erie, and contains about one hundred -houses, mostly frame; in lat. 42° 22′ -N., long. 8° 3′ W. from Philadelphia.</p> - -<p>We set out from this town, and marched -seventeen miles to Sandwich, a small town -on the east side of Detroit River, and one -mile below Detroit; it contains perhaps about -three hundred inhabitants. We were divided -in small companies, and put into different<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[69]</span> -houses, where we had the happiness once more -to see fire.</p> - -<p><i>27th.</i> We drew a ration of bread and fresh -beef, but no salt, and had no way of cooking -the beef. We commenced our march at 1 -o’clock, and marched ten miles, part of the -way on Lake St. Clair. In the evening we -were conducted to cold barns, and there shut -up till morning, deprived of fire.</p> - -<p><i>28th.</i> We recommenced our march early, -as cold a morning as ever I experienced, and -continued twenty-four miles on Lake St. -Clair; at night we were conducted to a cold -barn on the beach; we lay without fire, except -a few who could not get in, who had the -happiness of encamping in the woods.</p> - -<p><i>29th.</i> We again resumed our march, and -continued on the lake fifteen miles to the -mouth of La Tranche River, called by some -the River Thames; during this time we had -to run to keep ourselves from freezing; we -continued up the river five miles, and stopped -while the guard went in to warm and to get -their dinner. Having drawn no provisions -since we left Sandwich, some of the prisoners -were driven to the necessity of picking up -frozen potatoes and apple peelings that had -been thrown out in the yard. One of the -prisoners, being unable to keep pace with the -rest, was left on the lake, but was accidentally -overtaken by a sleigh and brought on. After<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[70]</span> -being in a stove room some time, he was led -out to march, trembling with cold. One of the -guard observed, “he was a man of no spirit -to freeze such a day as this.” So barbarous -were their dispositions and treatment, that I -concluded we should die of cold and hunger. -We marched ten miles farther to Captain Dolson’s, -where we were conducted into a large -still-house. A number lodged below among -the still-tubs by the fire; the rest on the loft, -where they were annoyed with the smoke. -Some time in the night they brought us a -little bread and meat.</p> - -<p><i>30th.</i> We drew two days’ provisions, and -cooked it.</p> - -<p><i>31st.</i> It snowed all day; notwithstanding, -we marched twenty-four miles and were shut -up in a barn wet and cold. Going to a barn -to lodge so cold an evening was like approaching -a formidable enemy, for we expected -to perish with cold in the dreary dwelling. -Many got their feet frostbitten. We tried -in vain to keep our shoes from freezing by -putting them under our heads.</p> - -<p><i>February 1.</i> We continued our march twenty-two -miles in a thinly settled country, and -passed through the Moravian nation of Indians; -in the evening we encamped in the -woods.</p> - -<p><i>2d.</i> We marched twenty-two miles, suffering -greatly both with hunger and cold. In<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[71]</span> -the evening we arrived at Delaware township, -a small settlement on the River La Tranche. -We were divided into small companies, and -were permitted to lodge in houses by fires.</p> - -<p><i>3d.</i> We had been two days without provisions. -Here we drew rations for three days. -Capt. Dolson left us to-day; the prisoners -must forever detest his baseness and cruelty. -We resumed our march in the evening and -continued five miles, notwithstanding the -snow was two feet deep, and it was then snowing. -We were better treated by our new guard.</p> - -<p><i>4th.</i> We marched twenty-six miles to the -head waters of the River Thames, to Oxford -township, a settlement of ten or twelve miles -in length.</p> - -<p><i>5th.</i> We marched two miles, and were detained -for a supply of provisions.<a id="FNanchor_14" href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">[N]</a> After being -supplied we continued our march in the -evening three miles farther, and where we<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[72]</span> -lodged were treated very civilly by the inhabitants.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[73]</span><i>6th.</i> After marching twenty-four miles, -principally through a wilderness, we arrived -at Burford township.<a id="FNanchor_16" href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">[P]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[74]</span><i>7th.</i> In marching thirty miles to a little -village near the head of Lake Ontario, we -passed through the Mohawk Nation of Indians -on Grand River, who are much whiter -than any we have seen; their mode of dress -is not different from other Indian nations, -and they have the same savage appearance; -we were informed that there are six nations -on this river who hold a large body of the -best land.</p> - -<p><i>8th.</i> We drew our rations and proceeded -on sixteen miles. In going down towards -Lake Ontario, we descended a precipice upwards -of two hundred feet into a level country; -this precipice extends across Niagara -River, and occasions those remarkable falls.</p> - -<p><i>9th.</i> We marched eighteen miles through -a well-settled country.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[75]</span><i>10th.</i> We marched sixteen miles to Newark, -lately called Niagara West; it contains -about five hundred inhabitants; many of the -buildings are handsome, composed of brick -and stone; it has several churches, an academy, -six taverns, and about twenty stores; -it is situated on the west side of Niagara -River, in lat. 43° 15′ N., long. 4° west; Fort -George stands at the upper end of the -town.</p> - -<p>We continued here no longer than was -necessary to make arrangements to cross the -river. A British officer took down our names, -and the regiment and company we belonged -to, and said “we must not take up arms -against Great Britain and her allies until -legally exchanged.” Thus we were parolled; -they hoisted a flag and took us across Niagara -River,<a id="FNanchor_17" href="#Footnote_17" class="fnanchor">[Q]</a> which is about one-quarter of a mile<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[76]</span> -wide to Fort Niagara, which is situated at -the junction of Niagara River and Lake Ontario, -in New York State; it is strongly fortified, -and well supplied with artillery.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">A FEW REMARKS RESPECTING UPPER CANADA<br> -AND ITS INHABITANTS.</h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">From</span> Malden to Sandwich, and a considerable -distance up St. Clair, resembles a level -plain thickly interspersed with farms and -houses; many places look like little villages. -The houses are principally frame, and have -an ancient appearance. Besides being well -supplied with grain from their farms, they receive -considerable benefit from their orchards.</p> - -<p>The River La Tranche is a considerable -navigable stream, and runs a westerly course -into Lake St. Clair; the land near it is rich -and fertile; the timber is oak, ash, hickory, -walnut, sugar-tree, &c. It is thickly settled -as far as Moraviantown; but, from the river<span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[77]</span> -on the north side, is an extensive wilderness -of poor swampy land. From Moraviantown -to Grand River is a wilderness of poor piney -land, except Delaware, Oxford, and Burford -townships, which are tolerable settlements. -From Grand River to Fort George, is a rich, -well-settled country, particularly along Lake -Ontario. The inhabitants are composed of -English, French, Dutch, and a great many -emigrants from the United States. The -whole has been estimated at eighty thousand; -besides these, there are unknown numbers of -Indians. The Canadians are generally a well-looking -people, remarkably fair, but not well -informed. They do not set a great value on -education, and it is not encouraged by the -government. Although their laws appear to -be moderate, yet neither the freedom of speech -nor the freedom of the press is encouraged. -The officers are haughty and tyrannical in -the execution of their orders. I learned that -a majority<a id="FNanchor_18" href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">[R]</a> of the inhabitants were in favor -of the United States government, and many<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[78]</span> -had concealed themselves to avoid taking up -arms.</p> - -<p>The British forces consist of regulars, -flankers, militia, <i>Negroes</i>, and Indians. Agreeably -to an act of their assembly in 1812, their -flankers are riflemen, volunteered or drafted -for the term of six months, and longer if not -then relieved. The militia cannot be called -into service for more than twenty days, unless -their country is invaded. I heard of two -companies of <i>Negroes</i>, runaways from Kentucky, -and other States, who are commanded -by white men. A great many of the Indians -are stationed near the lines, who can be called -to arms at a minute’s warning.</p> - -<p><i>11th.</i> After regaling ourselves on the plenty -of food and drink afforded us in the land of -liberty, we set our faces homewards. One -mile from Niagara Fort, we came to Salt Battery; -it was composed of barrels of salt and -dirt. From this they could play upon Fort -George. We proceeded up the river eight -miles to Lewistown, which is on the east bank -of Niagara River, opposite Queenstown, and -contains only a few houses; eight miles farther, -we came to Grand Niagara, a small village -on the east bank of Niagara River just -above the falls, and nearly opposite Chippeway. -Above the falls, in the middle of the -river, is an island about three hundred yards<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[79]</span> -long, the lower end of which is just at the -perpendicular edge of the fall. On both -sides of this island, all the waters of the -rivers and lakes to the north-west, fall down -a precipice of one hundred and thirty-seven -feet perpendicular, and fall near as much more -in a rapid of nine miles below. Before the -water comes to the fall, as it passes the island, -it seems in swiftness to outfly an arrow.</p> - -<p><i>12th.</i> We arrived at Black Rock, nineteen -miles above the falls. Here is a considerable -village, a navy yard, and three batteries well -furnished with cannon. It took its name -from its rocky situation. From this we continued -on two miles and a half to Buffalo, -the capital of Buffalo county, New York -State. It is situated at the foot of Lake Erie, -opposite to Fort Erie.</p> - -<p>We continued at Buffalo one day, on account -of the badness of the weather, and then -continued our march thirty-two miles on the -lake, and then marched through a well-settled -country to Erie, the county town of Erie -county, in Pennsylvania. It is ninety miles -from Buffalo, and is situated on the south-east -shore of Lake Erie. We proceeded on -by the way of Waterford and Meadville, one -hundred and twenty miles, to Pittsburgh, and -from Pittsburgh to Kentucky, by water.</p> - -<p>Language fails to express the emotions I<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[80]</span> -felt on arriving safely at home, to enjoy the -caresses and society of dear friends, after -having endured so much fatigue, and having -been so often exposed to imminent danger; -and having so frequently expected death, attended -with <i>all the horrors of Indian cruelty</i>.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[81]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">NARRATIVE<br> -<span class="medium">OF</span><br> -MR. TIMOTHY MALLARY.</h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">During</span> the battle on the 22d January, -1813, at Frenchtown, on the River Raisin, -between the combined forces of British, -Canadians, and Indians, and the American -forces, I received a wound from a piece of -plank, which had been split off by a cannon -ball. It struck me on the side, and unfortunately -broke three of my ribs. The battle -having terminated in favor of the combined -forces, and I not being able to travel with -those American prisoners who were to march -immediately for Malden, I remained on the -ground until the next morning, with the rest -of my wounded countrymen, who had received -a solemn promise from the British -commander, that they should be taken to -Malden in sleighs.</p> - -<p>This sacred promise was not regarded! It -was sacrificed on the altar of savage barbarity! -to the god of murder and cruelty!<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[82]</span> -Instead of sleighs, Indians were sent prepared -to murder these unfortunate victims! who, -after they had executed in part their purpose -on the ground where we lay, ordered several -other prisoners and myself to march for Malden. -We had not proceeded far before they -tomahawked four of this number, amongst -whom was Captain Hart, of Lexington. He -had hired an Indian to take him to Malden. -I saw part of this hire paid to the Indian.</p> - -<p>After having taken him some distance, another -Indian demanded him, saying that he -was his prisoner; the hireling would not give -him up; the claimant, finding that he could -not get him alive, shot him in the left side -with a pistol. Capt. Hart still remained on -his horse; the claimant then ran up, struck -him with a tomahawk, pulled him off his -horse, scalped him, and left him lying there.</p> - -<p>We proceeded on until we came within -three miles of Brownstown, where we encamped -for the night. The next day we -proceeded on to their encampment, seven or -eight miles from Detroit, on the River Rouge, -which appeared to be head-quarters. They -were furnished at this place with bark wig-wams; -here was a large number of squaws -and children, I suppose two thousand.</p> - -<p>They here stripped off my clothes, and -dressed me after the Indian manner. They -shaved off my hair, except a small quantity<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[83]</span> -on the top of my head, which they left for -the purpose of rendering the task of scalping -more easy. They bored my ears, which they -supplied plentifully with ear-rings, frequently -by hanging one in another, like the links of -a chain. They wanted to bore my nose, but -I objected, and they did not insist. They -frequently painted my face one-half black -and the other red, and frequently with red -and black streaks.</p> - -<p>Shortly after our arrival at these encampments, -I was adopted into a Pottowatomie -family that had lost a son in the battle at the -River Raisin.</p> - -<p>I was presented to this family by an Indian -whose name was <i>Ke-wi-ex-kim</i>. He introduced -me to my father and mother, brothers -and sisters, and instructed me to call them -by these respective appellations. My father’s -name was <i>Asa Chipsaw</i>, after whom they call -me; they asked me if I had a squaw; I answered -in the negative, at which they appeared -well pleased, and brought me a squaw, -urging me to marry her. I refused, and told -them when I got well I would accede to the -proposals; this they took as a great offence. -After having made themselves acquainted -with the situation of my wound, they made -a tea of sassafras and cherry-tree barks, which -was the only drink I was permitted to take -for fifteen days.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[84]</span>They frequently took me to Detroit, for -the purpose of helping them to pack provisions -from thence to their encampment. But -they would not suffer me to talk to the inhabitants -of that place. Fifteen loaves of -bread, weighing three pounds each, ten -pounds of pork or beef, and a peck of corn, -was what they drew for six days. This would -not last more than half that time; the remaining -part they lived upon fragments of dog -or horse meat. They appeared indifferent -whether they had killed the animal that day -themselves, or whether it had died by some -accidental cause seven or eight days prior to -their eating it.</p> - -<p>They appointed me cook. I then had to -undergo much fatigue in getting wood, &c., -for they lent no assistance. Their customary -way of cooking is to boil the meat and make -soup, which they immediately devour without -salt.</p> - -<p>They have drunken frolics, whenever they -can get any kind of spirits to drink. When -these frolics take place the squaws hid me, -to prevent them from murdering me. Once -I was hid in some brush and deprived of food -for four days, during which time there was -a continual uproar in the camp, as though they -had been killing each other.</p> - -<p>The squaws, who frequently visited me, -and to whom I as often applied for something<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[85]</span> -to eat, informed me that there could be nothing -had until the men got sober, who would -then either kill provisions, or draw from -Detroit. On the fourth day, when I had -given up to perish, they brought me a piece -of a dog cooked without salt, and although -you may feel squeamish when I mention it, -yet it was to me the sweetest morsel that I -ever recollect to have eaten.</p> - -<p>During my stay with them I saw them -take a number of scalps to Malden, for which -they said they received from four to six dollars -each, either in whiskey or store goods. -They said they got thirty-seven scalps at the -battle of the 18th, and upwards of four hundred -at that of the 22d January. I replied, -that there were only ten scalped on the 18th. -They said “Yankee d—d lie;” and they further -stated, that they had only two killed on -the 18th. I replied, Indian d—d lie, for I -saw myself twelve dead on the field. I asked -them how many British and Indians were at -the River Raisin, on the 22d January; they -replied, that there were two thousand five -hundred Indians, and one thousand British.</p> - -<p>They would frequently make motions imitating -the Americans when they were scalping -them, by turning, twisting, mourning, -&c.; this was done to aggravate me.</p> - -<p>They once gave me a jug of whiskey, requesting -me to drink. I drank what satisfied<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[86]</span> -me, and offered them the jug again—they -insisted on me to drink more; I put the -jug to my head, but did not drink; they discovered -the cheat, and cried out “Yankee no -good man, d—d lie;” they then made me -drink until they could hear it gurgle in my -throat.</p> - -<p>About three weeks before the battle at the -Rapids, the squaws and boys were employed -in dressing deer-skins, which were to equip -the warriors for their march thither. During -this time, the warriors were collecting and -dancing the war-dance. They informed me -that they were going to Quo-by-ghaw, which -I learned from the French, was the Rapids. -I further learned that the British had promised -them the possession of Fort Meigs, as -well as the disposal of Gen. Harrison. They -then calculated on Fort Meigs as their chief -place of deposit, from which they could make -incursions into the State of Ohio, kill a vast -number of the inhabitants, and satisfy themselves -with plunder. They calculated on -having a three days’ frolic in the burning of -Gen. Harrison.</p> - -<p>Two weeks before their march for Fort -Meigs, Tecumseh was with them. He was -busily employed rallying those who were indifferent -about going to the battle, and encouraging -those who had volunteered; amongst -other persuasive arguments to volunteer, he<span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[87]</span> -made use of these, viz.: that Fort Meigs was -badly constructed and illy defended; asserting -that they could take it without the loss -of a man. But, if this could not be effected, -he would then lead them on to Fort Wayne, -which would certainly fall an easy prey to -them. He then left them, and went to the -Wabash to brings his warriors, who were -stationed at that place.</p> - -<p>Previous to the march of the Indians, they -took bark of swamp willow, and tobacco, -mixed them together, and pulverized them. -They then formed a circle round a fire which -had been prepared for that purpose, and one -rose and delivered a speech, I understood, -relative to the war. At the conclusion of the -speech, they passed this powder around the -circle, each individual taking a pinch as it -passed; each then snuffed a part of this portion, -and threw the remaining part in the -fire. After this had been performed with -the greatest solemnity, one took the snuff -which yet remained in the vessel, and threw -it in the fire. They then took up their packs, -raised the scalp halloo, waved their tomahawks -over their heads, and marched for battle.</p> - -<p>There were three thousand who drew four -days’ rations at Detroit. When they left us, -they told us to be good boys, and stay there -till they came back, and they would bring -some more Yankees, who should cook, and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[88]</span> -do all the hard work, and we might go with -them hunting.</p> - -<p>They left us in care of the squaws and a -few old men.</p> - -<p>We had no other way by which to get free -from this unpleasant situation, but deserting -them; for they had been offered one hundred -dollars each, for four of us, by the citizens of -Detroit, but refused it. These four were -Major Graves, Samuel Ganoe, John Davenport, -and myself.</p> - -<p>Thinking this as favorable an opportunity -as we could get, I requested Samuel Ganoe -to set off with me; he readily consented, and -we set off just at dark, and ran to Detroit, -which was eight miles, and got to the house -of Mr. H., who concealed us in his cellar. -He had a hole dug in the bottom of his cellar -six or eight feet deep, for the purpose of keeping -potatoes; and in this we were put, and -he laid planks over it, and threw dirt on the -planks, which caused it to bear so nice a semblance -to the other part of the cellar, that the -Indians could not distinguish it from the -common bottom. This dismal dungeon was -our abode for half a day, during which time -the Indians came, and searched carefully for -us, but in vain. After they were gone, Mr. -H. asked a British officer if he would take -the care of us. He replied in the affirmative, -and then sent us immediately to the fort at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[89]</span> -Detroit, where we were kept two days, the -Indians still searching for us. On the second -night about midnight, we were sent to Sandwich, -and kept there two days with but little -to eat, and then sent to Malden. We found -the force at Malden to consist of sixty Canadian -French, besides eighty who had received -wounds at the River Raisin, and who would -no doubt remain invalids for life. We also -found stationed at Malden, James Girty, who, -I was informed, was brother to the infamous -Simon Girty; his business was to receive -scalps from the Indians; his pay for this service -was three dollars per week. I saw here -about half a bushel of scalps in a kettle! the -number I cannot guess at.</p> - -<p>After every exertion to take Fort Meigs -had failed, the British returned to Malden, -cursing Harrison for a rabbit, which they -swore had burrowed, and which they could -not take in that situation.</p> - -<p>From Malden we were taken across to -Cleveland, on the 16th day of May, 1813.</p> - -<p>The following prisoners were with the Indians -at the time I was a prisoner, viz.: Major -Graves, Jarret Dougherty, Thomas Jones, -Joseph Foddre, and John Fightmaster; the -latter of whom had deserted from us, was -brought back, and made to ride the wooden -horse. He then deserted to the Indians,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[90]</span> -swearing—he had rather stay with them than -ride Winchester’s <i>English mare</i> again.</p> - -<p>I heard of three other prisoners, but do not -remember their names; two of whom were -about twenty miles from Detroit, and the -other near Malden.</p> - -<p>From Cleveland nothing worth relating -occurred until I arrived at home, in Bourbon -county, Kentucky; where I found my friends -all in good health, my father excepted, who -had gone to face the same enemy from whom -I had just made my escape.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[91]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">NARRATIVE<br> - -<span class="medium">OF</span><br> - -MR. JOHN DAVENPORT.</h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">During</span> the battle which was fought on the -18th of January, 1813, between the American -forces, under the command of Colonel Lewis, -and the combined British and Indians, I received -a wound in my right leg by a ball -which fractured the bone, but did not entirely -break it. After the battle was over I, -with many others who were also wounded, -was carried off the field and put in a house, -where we remained until after the battle of -the 22d, when we were surrendered prisoners -of war to the British. I remained here during -the night of the 22d, with the expectation of -being carried to Malden the next day, but in -this I was disappointed. On the morning of -the 23d I witnessed the most horrid scenes -of cruelty imaginable; for the British, instead -of sending sleighs, as was most solemnly promised, -to convey the wounded prisoners to -Maiden, sent the Indians, who, after selecting<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">[92]</span> -a few from amongst the wounded, tomahawked -and scalped the rest in the most -savage and cruel manner that malice could -invent, or devils incarnate execute, and set -fire to the houses in which they had been -and burned them to ashes! Then, instead of -going to Malden, they took me to Brownstown, -where I had nothing to eat except a -little parched corn. While I was at Brownstown -an Indian asked me whether I had a -squaw, to which I answered in the negative. -He then replied, “<i>We make an Indian of you, -and by’n by you have a squaw, by’n by you -have a gun and horse and go a hunting.</i>” The -next day we proceeded on our march until -we came near the River Rouge, where the -Indians procured some provisions, consisting -of fresh meat, but no salt. From here we -set off again and travelled slowly (I rather -think to favor the wounded) until we arrived -at their encampment, three or four miles -from Detroit, at which place there were a -number of squaws and children who had -taken up winter quarters.</p> - -<p>As soon as we had arrived at this place I -was presented to an old squaw, whom the -Indians instructed me to call by the appellation -of mother. This old witch, as I took -her to be, had lost two sons at the River -Raisin; I had therefore to supply the place -of one of them, and thus had to become the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">[93]</span> -adopted son of the most hideous of all animals -that ever roamed over the forests of -North America. After this they dressed my -wound for the first time, which now appeared -to be getting well fast; in the next place they -trimmed my hair off, except a small quantity -on the top of my head, and painted me; then -adorned me with ear-rings, bracelets, &c. and -put a band of silver round my head. By -this time I began to look very stylish, or -rather made as uncouth and grotesque a -figure as any of my <i>copper-colored brethren</i>.</p> - -<p>While we remained at this place Mr. Gabriel -Godfrey, a citizen of Detroit, offered the -Indians $100 for my ransom, which they refused. -I now began to conclude that there -were no other means of extricating myself -from bondage, unless it were by flight, and -therefore determined to embrace the first -opportunity that presented. In a few days -after, the Indians presented a squaw to me, -who appeared to have little more of humanity -than the form, but equally as detestable as -my <i>mother</i>, although she was younger. This -ugly looking creature the Indians told me I -should marry! I confess I never was so -shocked at the thoughts of matrimony in my -life! I told them “<i>no good squaw</i>.” They -then brought several more of those inhuman -looking creatures, whom I understood were -also candidates for conjugal felicity. I told<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">[94]</span> -them “<i>by’n by I have a squaw</i>.” This appeared -to satisfy them at the present time; -in this manner I frequently had to put them -off.</p> - -<p>They frequently solicited me to wear a -breech-clout, which I always refused. One -time my mother discovered me mending my -pantaloons; thinking this a good opportunity -to get me to wear one, she immediately -brought one, which I took hold of and said -“no good,” then threw it down and stamped -it. At the sight of this she was very much -enraged, and scolded desperately to herself -in her own Indian dialect. I have often wondered -since that they did not kill me for disobeying -their orders, for I was extremely -obstinate, and scarcely ever complied with -their injunctions.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding my disobedience, the Indians -treated me as well as was in their -power, especially my mother, who was very -kind to me. Some considerable time I had -to eat my victuals without salt. I knew they -had none, yet I would always ask for some. -My old mother, after some time, procured -some for me, which she kept hid to prevent -the others from making use of it, and never -failed to give me a small portion when I was -eating.</p> - -<p>Intoxication is practised by the squaws as -well as the men; they frequently have drunken<span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">[95]</span> -frolics, at which times it is dangerous for -prisoners to be amongst them. During these -frantic revels the prisoners are kept hid by -the squaws (a part of whom keep sober) to -keep them from being murdered. One night, -after the rest had gone to bed, my mother, -who had stayed out later than usual, came in, -sat down, and began to sing; she did not -appear to be in her senses; I soon discovered -that this old priestess of Bacchus had got -very drunk. In this mood she seized hold -of the fire and threw it on those who were -sleeping round the fire, which soon caused -them to rise; she then jumped into the fire -and danced until she had burned the soles of -her moccasons off.</p> - -<p>They continued here about a month, and -then removed about eight miles on the River -Rouge, in order to prepare for making sugar. -While we were employed at this business a -Frenchman persuaded me to marry a squaw, -if they insisted, for I would then be treated -with more respect, and consequently would -have greater liberties. After mature consideration, -I thought probably this would be -the best plan I could adopt, in order to make -my escape, and therefore resolved to marry -the next one that was presented to me. It -was not long before they brought me a squaw -(the most decent looking one I had seen), -whom I resolved to marry without hesitation.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">[96]</span> -I however, when just on the point of -forming a connubial alliance with her, was -prevented by an Indian, who claimed her as -<i>his</i> squaw.</p> - -<p>Several weeks before the battle of Fort -Meigs, the Indians began to collect and dance -the <i>war-dance</i>.</p> - -<p>Just before the Indians marched they prepared -a number of hoops, both ends of which -they stuck in the ground and spread their -blankets over them. In this place they put -hot stones, threw water on them, and then -went in themselves and remained until they -were wet with sweat. This I conjectured -was done in the way of devotion, or in imploring -the assistance of the Great Spirit in -their intended expedition.</p> - -<p>When the Indians marched I was committed -to the care of the squaws and a few -old invalids. Thinking this the most favorable -opportunity I could get, I was determined -to put my plan in execution. At night -I lay down with the intention of starting -when the moon arose, but overslept my time -and did not awake till daylight. I arose and -started, notwithstanding I was apprehensive -of being discovered, and ran directly to Detroit, -a distance of about nine miles, probably -in as short a time as any Indian in the nation -could have performed the same journey.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">[97]</span>As soon as I had arrived at Detroit I went -to Mr. T. S’s, who had persuaded me to run -away, and he and his friends would conceal -me, which they did accordingly. It was but -a short time before a Frenchman, of the name -of Shover, and some squaws, came in search -of me, but could not find me.</p> - -<p>From here I was sent to Sandwich, and -concealed there two days, and suffered extremely -for provisions. From Sandwich I -was sent to Malden, where I found six of my -fellow-prisoners, who, together with myself, -were kept under close confinement in the -fort for three weeks. While we remained -here we frequently heard from the Rapids, -but the news was always favorable on the -British side. One morning an old man, who -looked as if he had just emerged from the -lower regions, came into the fort and exclaimed, -“good news, gentlemen! good news! -we have killed <i>fifteen hundred Yankees</i>, and -have taken Harrison and all the rest that -were at the fort prisoners!!” I was informed -afterwards that this old man was the notorious -Simon Girty, so much renowned for -cruelty and slaughter, and who has delighted -in the shrieks of dying women and <i>expiring -infants</i>!</p> - -<p>From the most correct information I could -obtain, their forces at the siege of Fort Meigs,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">[98]</span> -consisting of British regulars, Canadian militia, -and Indians, amounted to 5,000!</p> - -<p>From Malden I was taken across to Cleveland, -and from there I pursued my journey -towards the delightful regions of Kentucky, -where I arrived in Montgomery county, in -June, 1813.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">THE BATTLE OF RAISIN,<br> - -<span class="medium">ON THE 22D OF JANUARY, 1813.</span></h2> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">On Raisin darkness reigned around,</div> -<div class="verse">And silent was the tented ground,</div> -<div class="verse">Where weary soldiers slept profound,</div> -<div class="indent">Far in the wintery wilderness.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">No danger did the sentry fear,</div> -<div class="verse">No wakeful watch at midnight drear;</div> -<div class="verse">But ah! the foe approaches near,</div> -<div class="indent">Through forests frowning awfully.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And ere the sun had risen bright,</div> -<div class="verse">Fast flashing ’mid the stormy fight,</div> -<div class="verse">The thundering cannon’s livid light</div> -<div class="indent">Glared on the eye most frightfully.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Then deadly flew the balls of lead!</div> -<div class="verse">Then many of the foemen bled,</div> -<div class="verse">And thrice their banded legion fled,</div> -<div class="indent">Before Kentucky’s bravery.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And long our heroes’ swords prevail:</div> -<div class="verse">But hist! that deep and doleful wail—</div> -<div class="verse">Ah! freedom’s sons begin to fail,</div> -<div class="indent">Oppressed by numbers battling.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Rise! rise! ye volunteers, arise!</div> -<div class="verse">Behold! your right hand column flies!</div> -<div class="verse">And hark! yon shout which rends the skies!</div> -<div class="indent">Where Indians yell tumultuously.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Rush o’er the bloody field of fame,</div> -<div class="verse">Drive back the savage whence he came!</div> -<div class="verse">For glory ’waits the victor’s name,</div> -<div class="indent">Returning home exultingly.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">’Tis done. The dreadful fight is o’er;</div> -<div class="verse">Thick clouds of smoke are seen no more—</div> -<div class="verse">The snowy plain is red with gore,</div> -<div class="indent">Where fell the friends of liberty.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verseright"><span class="smcap">Campbell.</span></div> -</div></div></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="ph1">FOOTNOTES:</p> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[A]</a> To prove that this surrender was not in consequence -of the want of ammunition and provisions, it is sufficient -to state, upon the authority of official information, that -there were thirty-three pieces of cannon, twenty-five of -which were brass and eight iron, which were well manned -and supplied with ammunition.</p> - -<p>For the muskets, seventy-five thousand cartridges were -made up, besides twenty-four rounds in the cartouch-box -of each man.</p> - -<p>In the magazine were sixty barrels of powder, and one -hundred and fifty tons of lead.</p> - -<p>In the contractor’s store were at least twenty-five days’ -provision; and in the adjacent country considerable supplies -could have been had, besides three hundred head of -cattle, under an escort commanded by Captain Brush, at -the River Raisin.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">An Ohio Volunteer.</span></p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[B]</a> Colonel Allen stopped at St. Mary’s for the remaining -part of the army.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[C]</a> He died in a few days.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[D]</a> Pronounced Rushdeboo.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="label">[E]</a> We learned since, the British officer was Col. Elliott’s -son, and was probably a Captain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="label">[F]</a> The French, who were looking at us when we started, -were heard to say, we were not men enough.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="label">[G]</a> A Frenchman who lived in this village said when the -word came the Americans were in sight, there was an old -Indian smoking at his fireside; the Indian exclaimed, -“<i>Ho, de Mericans come; I suppose Ohio men come, we give -them another chase</i>:” (alluding to the time they chased Gen. -Tapper from the Rapids.) He walked to the door smoking, -apparently very unconcerned, and looked at us till -we formed the line of battle, and rushed on them with a -mighty shout! he then called out “<i>Kentuck, by God!</i>” -and picked up his gun and ran to the woods like a wild -beast.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8" class="label">[H]</a> It would have been better for us if we had been contented -with the possession of the village, without pursuing -them to the woods.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_9" href="#FNanchor_9" class="label">[I]</a> This want of precaution was a great cause of our -mournful defeat!</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_10" href="#FNanchor_10" class="label">[J]</a> When the right wing began to retreat, it is said orders -were given by some of the officers to the men in the -eastern end of the picketing to march out to their assistance. -Capt. Price and a number of men sallied out. -Capt. Price was killed, and most of the men.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_11" href="#FNanchor_11" class="label">[K]</a> Col. Proctor had informed Gen. Winchester he would -afford him an opportunity of surrendering his troops, and -if not accepted he would let loose the Indians on us, who -would burn the town, and he would not be accountable -for their conduct. Gen. Winchester, not knowing how we -had resisted their efforts, thought probably it would be -the case.</p> - -<p>But why did not Col. Proctor make this proposition before -he had exerted all his skill in trying to burn the town -and to set the Indians on us? Proctor knew very well -he had done all that was in his power with the force he -had then, and he was then less able to rout us from the -town than he was at first.</p> - -<p>The British informed us afterwards that Col. Proctor -had ordered a general retreat to Malden, and that they -had <i>spiked four pieces of their cannon</i>! but he thought he -would demand a surrender, according to custom.</p> - -<p>Our officers, knowing that we had but little ammunition, -and the troops being still exposed to the fire of the -cannon, thought proper to surrender.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12" class="label">[L]</a> I was since informed that Col. Elliott instructed the -interpreters to leave the wounded, after dark, to the -mercy of the savages. They all went off, except one half-Indian.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_13" href="#FNanchor_13" class="label">[M]</a> Upon taking a view of these scenes of wo, who can -avoid some such exclamation as the following? Why has -the all-seeing, beneficent Ruler of the universe delivered -so many of our choice officers and brave soldiers into the -hands of our enemies, to be slain in battle, and to lie unburied, -to be dragged away in the galling chains of captivity, -and to be put to torturing deaths by monsters of -cruelty? Not, I presume, because of infidelity and injustice -towards our enemies; but owing to our ingratitude -towards the God of armies; and to our want of confidence -in Jehovah—our pride, our too great confidence in our -own wisdom, valor, and strength; our unbelief—and a -catalogue of vices too tedious to enumerate. Aggravated -national crimes have involved us in heavy and complicated -judgments!</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_14" href="#FNanchor_14" class="label">[N]</a> Here we met a number of the 41st regiment of British -regulars, just from Fort George, going to Malden to supply -the places of those who were killed on the 22d of -January, at Frenchtown. They appeared to be very -sociable, generally of the Irish descent. One of their -officers said, “In a few weeks they would drive General -Harrison and all his army along there.” “Yes,” replied -James Allen<a id="FNanchor_15" href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">[O]</a> (who was one of my messmates), “before -that time your Irish hides will be riddled so that they -would not hold hickory nuts.”</p> - -<p>Another of that party said, “What nonsensical things -those leather stocks were which we wore, with the sign -of the eagle pecking out the eyes of the lion.” Said Allen, -“This is only the shadow, the substance will soon follow.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_15" href="#FNanchor_15" class="label">[O]</a> This Allen is the same who fought the duel with Fuller, near Fort -Massac, who was supposed to be a British spy, before the commencement -of the war. Fuller, after having been twice knocked down by -Allen’s balls, was found to have a Dutch blanket folded, and a quire -of paper over his <span class="allsmcap">COWARDLY</span> breast as a shield. Allen was not injured.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_16" href="#FNanchor_16" class="label">[P]</a> Six of us, who formed a mess, stopped at a Major -Boon’s, and asked him “if we might stay all night.” He -said we could. His father, who lived with him, let us -know he had been a Tory major in the American revolution. -He said “he had lived in the Jerseys, and had one -of Lord Howe’s commissions in the house then, and was -a half-pay officer.” He said “the Americans would have -no possible chance to take Canada, for the British next -spring would bring seventy thousand Indians from the -north-west, and as many negroes from St. Domingo, besides -three hundred thousand Turks!” Said James Allen, -“I suppose you will set dogs on us next!” The old fellow -said “it was very evident the Lord was on their -side!” Then said Allen, “If the Lord has joined with -the British, savages, and negroes, to massacre his own -people, it is surprising! But I rather think it is only -your Canadian lord that acts in this manner.” The old -fellow then ordered him out of the house. He told him -“he was very well suited in a room, and would stay till -morning.” They still continued arguing. The old fellow -said “We had no business on their soil,” alluding to -Frenchtown. Allen told him “we were on our own -soil.” He said “it was a lie, for Michigan Territory was -given up to them by General Hull.” Said Allen, “Hull -was such a fellow as the d——l, who offered Christ all -the kingdoms of the world if he would fall down and -worship him; when, poor old sneaking whelp, he did not -own a foot on earth.” Said Boon, “You had better stayed -away, for all you have done; the Major who commanded -the Indians on the 18th was here a few nights ago, and -said there was not one killed, and but three wounded.” -Said Allen, “I would not believe my father if he were to -tell me so, for I saw a number that were killed and scalped -and lay on the snow for days; and if there were but three -wounded, there must have been an abundance of blood -in them to have stained the snow for miles square.” Said -he, “Did you scalp them? you are bloody dogs.” “Yes,” -said Allen, “you might say so, if we had hired the savages -to kill your women and children, and massacre and -burn your wounded, when we had promised to take care -of them.” He said “the British had never hired the Indians -to kill women and children; they were too humane -a people to do so.” “Yes,” said Allen, “they showed -humanity in the time of the American Revolution, when -they paid the Indians for infants’ scalps that were taken -out of their mothers’ wombs; they call themselves Christians, -and when the Indians sent home to them scalps, -from the unborn infant to the gray hairs, in bales like -goods, they had days of feasting, rejoicing, and thanksgiving -to the Lord, for the victory they had gained—the -d——l would be ashamed to acknowledge such a people -as any part of his offspring.” The old fellow again ordered -him out of the house; but Allen told him “he -would go in the morning.” Allen said “we had more -friends in Canada than they had.” “Yes,” said he, -“there are men mean enough to join against their own -country.” Allen replied, “none but a mean, low-lived -wretch would fight against his own country.” The old -fellow took the hint, as he had been a tory, and got in a -violent passion. He asked Allen “if he was not a Congressman?” -Allen said “No.” “Are you an Assemblyman?” -“No.” “Are you a Yankee lawyer?” “No.” -“Well, you are a Yankee liar, then.” Allen said, “if -we were of an age, and on an equal footing, you would -not give me the lie so often.” The old fellow told Allen -“he must be an antediluvian, for he appeared to know -all things that had passed, and all the crimes that England -ever committed seemed to be fresh on his mind; he -supposed he was one of the greatest enemies the British -had.” Allen said “he had done his best; and if he was -exchanged he would shoot at them as long as he could -crook his finger to draw the trigger.” A young woman -who was in the house said “we were only coming to -drive them off their lands.” Allen said “we were only -coming to set them free, so that those lands might be -their own, and not King George’s.” She said “the Americans -that were killed at Queenstown had deeds in their -pockets for all their best plantations.” Said Allen “I -must believe it because you say so, but if I had seen it -myself I would not.”</p> - -<p>The old fellow’s passion subsided, and Allen and he -were friendly.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_17" href="#FNanchor_17" class="label">[Q]</a> The second division, who had been used far better -than the first, arrived the day following, and were parolled -in like manner, amounting in all to five hundred -and twelve.</p> - -<p>Particular inquiries were made respecting the British -loss in the battle of the 22d, while passing through Canada. -The loyalists stated their loss to be very trifling; -some would say fifteen killed, and others twenty-five. -But different persons, in whom we had reason to place -confidence, stated their loss to be very considerable—about -six hundred killed and wounded, and amongst -these Col. St. George. This account will not be considered -exaggerated, when reflecting on the length of time -they were exposed to a deliberate and well-directed fire -from our troops ... the number that was seen lying on the -ground after they retreated, and the number of sleighs -loaded with their bloody guns.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_18" href="#FNanchor_18" class="label">[R]</a> An inhabitant near the head of Lake Ontario heard -of the prisoners, and went to see them. He began to -talk to one, judging him to be an American officer, and -telling him he had more friends in Canada than the British -had, and if he wanted money, or any assistance, he should -be accommodated. The poor fellow soon found his mistake, -that he was talking to a British officer, just from -Fort George.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="transnote"> -<p class="ph1">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p> - -<p>Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized.</p> - -<p>Archaic or variant spelling has been retained.</p> - -<p>The cover image for this eBook was created by the transcriber and is entered into the public domain.</p> -</div></div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A JOURNAL CONTAINING AN ACCURATE & INTERESTING ACCOUNT OF THE HARDSHIPS, SUFFERINGS, BATTLES, DEFEAT, & CAPTIVITY OF THOSE HEROIC KENTUCKY VOLUNTEERS & REGULARS, COMMANDED BY GENERAL WINCHESTER, IN THE YEAR 1812-13 ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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