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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:16:19 -0700 |
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diff --git a/1004-h/1004-h.htm b/1004-h/1004-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef2fbf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1004-h/1004-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,29907 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta charset="UTF-8"> +<title>The Divine Comedy, Complete | Project Gutenberg</title> + <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover"> + +<style> + +body { margin-left: 20%; + margin-right: 20%; + text-align: justify; } + +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 {text-align: center; font-style: normal; font-weight: +normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em;} + +h1 {font-size: 300%; + margin-top: 0.6em; + margin-bottom: 0.6em; + letter-spacing: 0.12em; + word-spacing: 0.2em; + text-indent: 0em;} +h2 {font-size: 150%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +h3 {font-size: 130%; margin-top: 1em;} +h4 {font-size: 120%;} +h5 {font-size: 110%;} + + +div.chapter {page-break-before: always; margin-top: 4em;} + +hr {width: 80%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em;} + +p {text-indent: 1em; + margin-top: 0.25em; + margin-bottom: 1em; } + +p.noindent {text-indent: 0% } +.big {font-size: 1.5em; } +.center {text-align: center; } + +a:link {color:blue; text-decoration:none} +a:visited {color:blue; text-decoration:none} +a:hover {color:red} + +</style> + +</head> + +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1004 ***</div> + +<h1>The Divine Comedy</h1> + +<p class="center big">of Dante Alighieri</p> + +<p class="center big">Translated by<br>HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW</p> + +<hr> + +<h2>Contents</h2> + +<table> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#INFERNO"><b>INFERNO</b></a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.I">Canto I. The Dark Forest. The Hill of Difficulty. The Panther, the Lion, and the Wolf. Virgil.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.II">Canto II. The Descent. Dante’s Protest and Virgil’s Appeal. The Intercession of the Three Ladies Benedight.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.III">Canto III. The Gate of Hell. The Inefficient or Indifferent. Pope Celestine V. The Shores of Acheron. Charon. The Earthquake and the Swoon.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.IV">Canto IV. The First Circle, Limbo: Virtuous Pagans and the Unbaptized. The Four Poets, Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan. The Noble Castle of Philosophy.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.V">Canto V. The Second Circle: The Wanton. Minos. The Infernal Hurricane. Francesca da Rimini.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.VI">Canto VI. The Third Circle: The Gluttonous. Cerberus. The Eternal Rain. Ciacco. Florence.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.VII">Canto VII. The Fourth Circle: The Avaricious and the Prodigal. Plutus. Fortune and her Wheel. The Fifth Circle: The Irascible and the Sullen. Styx.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.VIII">Canto VIII. Phlegyas. Philippo Argenti. The Gate of the City of Dis.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.IX">Canto IX. The Furies and Medusa. The Angel. The City of Dis. The Sixth Circle: Heresiarchs.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.X">Canto X. Farinata and Cavalcante de’ Cavalcanti. Discourse on the Knowledge of the Damned.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XI">Canto XI. The Broken Rocks. Pope Anastasius. General Description of the Inferno and its Divisions.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XII">Canto XII. The Minotaur. The Seventh Circle: The Violent. The River Phlegethon. The Violent against their Neighbours. The Centaurs. Tyrants.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XIII">Canto XIII. The Wood of Thorns. The Harpies. The Violent against themselves. Suicides. Pier della Vigna. Lano and Jacopo da Sant’ Andrea.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XIV">Canto XIV. The Sand Waste and the Rain of Fire. The Violent against God. Capaneus. The Statue of Time, and the Four Infernal Rivers.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XV">Canto XV. The Violent against Nature. Brunetto Latini.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XVI">Canto XVI. Guidoguerra, Aldobrandi, and Rusticucci. Cataract of the River of Blood.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XVII">Canto XVII. Geryon. The Violent against Art. Usurers. Descent into the Abyss of Malebolge.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XVIII">Canto XVIII. The Eighth Circle, Malebolge: The Fraudulent and the Malicious. The First Bolgia: Seducers and Panders. Venedico Caccianimico. Jason. The Second Bolgia: Flatterers. Allessio Interminelli. Thais.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XIX">Canto XIX. The Third Bolgia: Simoniacs. Pope Nicholas III. Dante’s Reproof of corrupt Prelates.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XX">Canto XX. The Fourth Bolgia: Soothsayers. Amphiaraus, Tiresias, Aruns, Manto, Eryphylus, Michael Scott, Guido Bonatti, and Asdente. Virgil reproaches Dante’s Pity. Mantua’s Foundation.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXI">Canto XXI. The Fifth Bolgia: Peculators. The Elder of Santa Zita. Malacoda and other Devils.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXII">Canto XXII. Ciampolo, Friar Gomita, and Michael Zanche. The Malabranche quarrel.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXIII">Canto XXIII. Escape from the Malabranche. The Sixth Bolgia: Hypocrites. Catalano and Loderingo. Caiaphas.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXIV">Canto XXIV. The Seventh Bolgia: Thieves. Vanni Fucci. Serpents.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXV">Canto XXV. Vanni Fucci’s Punishment. Agnello Brunelleschi, Buoso degli Abati, Puccio Sciancato, Cianfa de’ Donati, and Guercio Cavalcanti.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXVI">Canto XXVI. The Eighth Bolgia: Evil Counsellors. Ulysses and Diomed. Ulysses’ Last Voyage.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXVII">Canto XXVII. Guido da Montefeltro. His deception by Pope Boniface VIII.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXVIII">Canto XXVIII. The Ninth Bolgia: Schismatics. Mahomet and Ali. Pier da Medicina, Curio, Mosca, and Bertrand de Born.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXIX">Canto XXIX. Geri del Bello. The Tenth Bolgia: Alchemists. Griffolino d’ Arezzo and Capocchino.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXX">Canto XXX. Other Falsifiers or Forgers. Gianni Schicchi, Myrrha, Adam of Brescia, Potiphar’s Wife, and Sinon of Troy.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXXI">Canto XXXI. The Giants, Nimrod, Ephialtes, and Antaeus. Descent to Cocytus.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXXII">Canto XXXII. The Ninth Circle: Traitors. The Frozen Lake of Cocytus. First Division, Caina: Traitors to their Kindred. Camicion de’ Pazzi. Second Division, Antenora: Traitors to their Country. Dante questions Bocca degli Abati. Buoso da Duera.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXXIII">Canto XXXIII. Count Ugolino and the Archbishop Ruggieri. The Death of Count Ugolino’s Sons. Third Division of the Ninth Circle, Ptolomaea: Traitors to their Friends. Friar Alberigo, Branco d’ Oria.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoI.XXXIV">Canto XXXIV. Fourth Division of the Ninth Circle, the Judecca: Traitors to their Lords and Benefactors. Lucifer, Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius. The Chasm of Lethe. The Ascent.</a><br><br></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#PURGATORIO"><b>PURGATORIO</b></a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.I">I. The Shores of Purgatory. The Four Stars. Cato of Utica. The Rush.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.II">II. The Celestial Pilot. Casella. The Departure.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.III">III. Discourse on the Limits of Reason. The Foot of the Mountain. Those who died in Contumacy of Holy Church. Manfredi.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.IV">IV. Farther Ascent. Nature of the Mountain. The Negligent, who postponed Repentance till the last Hour. Belacqua.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.V">V. Those who died by Violence, but repentant. Buonconte di Monfeltro. La Pia.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.VI">VI. Dante’s Inquiry on Prayers for the Dead. Sordello. Italy.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.VII">VII. The Valley of Flowers. Negligent Princes.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.VIII">VIII. The Guardian Angels and the Serpent. Nino di Gallura. The Three Stars. Currado Malaspina.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.IX">IX. Dante’s Dream of the Eagle. The Gate of Purgatory and the Angel. Seven P’s. The Keys.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.X">X. The Needle’s Eye. The First Circle: The Proud. The Sculptures on the Wall.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XI">XI. The Humble Prayer. Omberto di Santafiore. Oderisi d’ Agobbio. Provenzan Salvani.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XII">XII. The Sculptures on the Pavement. Ascent to the Second Circle.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XIII">XIII. The Second Circle: The Envious. Sapia of Siena.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XIV">XIV. Guido del Duca and Renier da Calboli. Cities of the Arno Valley. Denunciation of Stubbornness.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XV">XV. The Third Circle: The Irascible. Dante’s Visions. The Smoke.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XVI">XVI. Marco Lombardo. Lament over the State of the World.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XVII">XVII. Dante’s Dream of Anger. The Fourth Circle: The Slothful. Virgil’s Discourse of Love.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XVIII">XVIII. Virgil further discourses of Love and Free Will. The Abbot of San Zeno.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XIX">XIX. Dante’s Dream of the Siren. The Fifth Circle: The Avaricious and Prodigal. Pope Adrian V.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XX">XX. Hugh Capet. Corruption of the French Crown. Prophecy of the Abduction of Pope Boniface VIII and the Sacrilege of Philip the Fair. The Earthquake.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXI">XXI. The Poet Statius. Praise of Virgil.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXII">XXII. Statius’ Denunciation of Avarice. The Sixth Circle: The Gluttonous. The Mystic Tree.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXIII">XXIII. Forese. Reproof of immodest Florentine Women.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXIV">XXIV. Buonagiunta da Lucca. Pope Martin IV, and others. Inquiry into the State of Poetry.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXV">XXV. Discourse of Statius on Generation. The Seventh Circle: The Wanton.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXVI">XXVI. Sodomites. Guido Guinicelli and Arnaldo Daniello.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXVII">XXVII. The Wall of Fire and the Angel of God. Dante’s Sleep upon the Stairway, and his Dream of Leah and Rachel. Arrival at the Terrestrial Paradise.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXVIII">XXVIII. The River Lethe. Matilda. The Nature of the Terrestrial Paradise.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXIX">XXIX. The Triumph of the Church.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXX">XXX. Virgil’s Departure. Beatrice. Dante’s Shame.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXXI">XXXI. Reproaches of Beatrice and Confession of Dante. The Passage of Lethe. The Seven Virtues. The Griffon.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXXII">XXXII. The Tree of Knowledge. Allegory of the Chariot.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoII.XXXIII">XXXIII. Lament over the State of the Church. Final Reproaches of Beatrice. The River Eunoe.</a><br><br></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#PARADISO"><b>PARADISO</b></a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.I">I. The Ascent to the First Heaven. The Sphere of Fire.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.II">II. The First Heaven, the Moon: Spirits who, having taken Sacred Vows, were forced to violate them. The Lunar Spots.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.III">III. Piccarda Donati and the Empress Constance.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.IV">IV. Questionings of the Soul and of Broken Vows.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.V">V. Discourse of Beatrice on Vows and Compensations. Ascent to the Second Heaven, Mercury: Spirits who for the Love of Fame achieved great Deeds.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.VI">VI. Justinian. The Roman Eagle. The Empire. Romeo.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.VII">VII. Beatrice’s Discourse of the Crucifixion, the Incarnation, the Immortality of the Soul, and the Resurrection of the Body.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.VIII">VIII. Ascent to the Third Heaven, Venus: Lovers. Charles Martel. Discourse on diverse Natures.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.IX">IX. Cunizza da Romano, Folco of Marseilles, and Rahab. Neglect of the Holy Land.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.X">X. The Fourth Heaven, the Sun: Theologians and Fathers of the Church. The First Circle. St. Thomas of Aquinas.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XI">XI. St. Thomas recounts the Life of St. Francis. Lament over the State of the Dominican Order.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XII">XII. St. Buonaventura recounts the Life of St. Dominic. Lament over the State of the Franciscan Order. The Second Circle.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XIII">XIII. Of the Wisdom of Solomon. St. Thomas reproaches Dante’s Judgement.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XIV">XIV. The Third Circle. Discourse on the Resurrection of the Flesh. The Fifth Heaven, Mars: Martyrs and Crusaders who died fighting for the true Faith. The Celestial Cross.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XV">XV. Cacciaguida. Florence in the Olden Time.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XVI">XVI. Dante’s Noble Ancestry. Cacciaguida’s Discourse of the Great Florentines.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XVII">XVII. Cacciaguida’s Prophecy of Dante’s Banishment.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XVIII">XVIII. The Sixth Heaven, Jupiter: Righteous Kings and Rulers. The Celestial Eagle. Dante’s Invectives against ecclesiastical Avarice.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XIX">XIX. The Eagle discourses of Salvation, Faith, and Virtue. Condemnation of the vile Kings of A.D. 1300.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XX">XX. The Eagle praises the Righteous Kings of old. Benevolence of the Divine Will.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXI">XXI. The Seventh Heaven, Saturn: The Contemplative. The Celestial Stairway. St. Peter Damiano. His Invectives against the Luxury of the Prelates.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXII">XXII. St. Benedict. His Lamentation over the Corruption of Monks. The Eighth Heaven, the Fixed Stars.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXIII">XXIII. The Triumph of Christ. The Virgin Mary. The Apostles. Gabriel.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXIV">XXIV. The Radiant Wheel. St. Peter examines Dante on Faith.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXV">XXV. The Laurel Crown. St. James examines Dante on Hope. Dante’s Blindness.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXVI">XXVI. St. John examines Dante on Charity. Dante’s Sight. Adam.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXVII">XXVII. St. Peter’s reproof of bad Popes. The Ascent to the Ninth Heaven, the ‘Primum Mobile.’</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXVIII">XXVIII. God and the Angelic Hierarchies.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXIX">XXIX. Beatrice’s Discourse of the Creation of the Angels, and of the Fall of Lucifer. Her Reproof of Foolish and Avaricious Preachers.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXX">XXX. The Tenth Heaven, or Empyrean. The River of Light. The Two Courts of Heaven. The White Rose of Paradise. The great Throne.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXXI">XXXI. The Glory of Paradise. Departure of Beatrice. St. Bernard.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXXII">XXXII. St. Bernard points out the Saints in the White Rose.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#CantoIII.XXXIII">XXXIII. Prayer to the Virgin. The Threefold Circle of the Trinity. Mystery of the Divine and Human Nature.</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><a href="#appendix">APPENDIX</a></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h2><a name="INFERNO"></a>INFERNO</h2> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.I"></a>Inferno: Canto I</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Midway upon the journey of our life<br> + I found myself within a forest dark,<br> + For the straightforward pathway had been lost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say<br> + What was this forest savage, rough, and stern,<br> + Which in the very thought renews the fear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So bitter is it, death is little more;<br> + But of the good to treat, which there I found,<br> + Speak will I of the other things I saw there. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I cannot well repeat how there I entered,<br> + So full was I of slumber at the moment<br> + In which I had abandoned the true way. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But after I had reached a mountain’s foot,<br> + At that point where the valley terminated,<br> + Which had with consternation pierced my heart, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upward I looked, and I beheld its shoulders,<br> + Vested already with that planet’s rays<br> + Which leadeth others right by every road. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then was the fear a little quieted<br> + That in my heart’s lake had endured throughout<br> + The night, which I had passed so piteously. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as he, who, with distressful breath,<br> + Forth issued from the sea upon the shore,<br> + Turns to the water perilous and gazes; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So did my soul, that still was fleeing onward,<br> + Turn itself back to re-behold the pass<br> + Which never yet a living person left. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After my weary body I had rested,<br> + The way resumed I on the desert slope,<br> + So that the firm foot ever was the lower. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! almost where the ascent began,<br> + A panther light and swift exceedingly,<br> + Which with a spotted skin was covered o’er! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And never moved she from before my face,<br> + Nay, rather did impede so much my way,<br> + That many times I to return had turned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The time was the beginning of the morning,<br> + And up the sun was mounting with those stars<br> + That with him were, what time the Love Divine +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At first in motion set those beauteous things;<br> + So were to me occasion of good hope,<br> + The variegated skin of that wild beast, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The hour of time, and the delicious season;<br> + But not so much, that did not give me fear<br> + A lion’s aspect which appeared to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He seemed as if against me he were coming<br> + With head uplifted, and with ravenous hunger,<br> + So that it seemed the air was afraid of him; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And a she-wolf, that with all hungerings<br> + Seemed to be laden in her meagreness,<br> + And many folk has caused to live forlorn! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She brought upon me so much heaviness,<br> + With the affright that from her aspect came,<br> + That I the hope relinquished of the height. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as he is who willingly acquires,<br> + And the time comes that causes him to lose,<br> + Who weeps in all his thoughts and is despondent, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +E’en such made me that beast withouten peace,<br> + Which, coming on against me by degrees<br> + Thrust me back thither where the sun is silent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While I was rushing downward to the lowland,<br> + Before mine eyes did one present himself,<br> + Who seemed from long-continued silence hoarse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I beheld him in the desert vast,<br> + “Have pity on me,” unto him I cried,<br> + “Whiche’er thou art, or shade or real man!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He answered me: “Not man; man once I was,<br> + And both my parents were of Lombardy,<br> + And Mantuans by country both of them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Sub Julio’ was I born, though it was late,<br> + And lived at Rome under the good Augustus,<br> + During the time of false and lying gods. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A poet was I, and I sang that just<br> + Son of Anchises, who came forth from Troy,<br> + After that Ilion the superb was burned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But thou, why goest thou back to such annoyance?<br> + Why climb’st thou not the Mount Delectable,<br> + Which is the source and cause of every joy?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Now, art thou that Virgilius and that fountain<br> + Which spreads abroad so wide a river of speech?”<br> + I made response to him with bashful forehead. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O, of the other poets honour and light,<br> + Avail me the long study and great love<br> + That have impelled me to explore thy volume! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou art my master, and my author thou,<br> + Thou art alone the one from whom I took<br> + The beautiful style that has done honour to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold the beast, for which I have turned back;<br> + Do thou protect me from her, famous Sage,<br> + For she doth make my veins and pulses tremble.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thee it behoves to take another road,”<br> + Responded he, when he beheld me weeping,<br> + “If from this savage place thou wouldst escape; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because this beast, at which thou criest out,<br> + Suffers not any one to pass her way,<br> + But so doth harass him, that she destroys him; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And has a nature so malign and ruthless,<br> + That never doth she glut her greedy will,<br> + And after food is hungrier than before. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Many the animals with whom she weds,<br> + And more they shall be still, until the Greyhound<br> + Comes, who shall make her perish in her pain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He shall not feed on either earth or pelf,<br> + But upon wisdom, and on love and virtue;<br> + ’Twixt Feltro and Feltro shall his nation be; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of that low Italy shall he be the saviour,<br> + On whose account the maid Camilla died,<br> + Euryalus, Turnus, Nisus, of their wounds; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Through every city shall he hunt her down,<br> + Until he shall have driven her back to Hell,<br> + There from whence envy first did let her loose. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore I think and judge it for thy best<br> + Thou follow me, and I will be thy guide,<br> + And lead thee hence through the eternal place, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Where thou shalt hear the desperate lamentations,<br> + Shalt see the ancient spirits disconsolate,<br> + Who cry out each one for the second death; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thou shalt see those who contented are<br> + Within the fire, because they hope to come,<br> + Whene’er it may be, to the blessed people; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To whom, then, if thou wishest to ascend,<br> + A soul shall be for that than I more worthy;<br> + With her at my departure I will leave thee; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because that Emperor, who reigns above,<br> + In that I was rebellious to his law,<br> + Wills that through me none come into his city. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He governs everywhere, and there he reigns;<br> + There is his city and his lofty throne;<br> + O happy he whom thereto he elects!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “Poet, I thee entreat,<br> + By that same God whom thou didst never know,<br> + So that I may escape this woe and worse, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou wouldst conduct me there where thou hast said,<br> + That I may see the portal of Saint Peter,<br> + And those thou makest so disconsolate.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he moved on, and I behind him followed. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.II"></a>Inferno: Canto II</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Day was departing, and the embrowned air<br> + Released the animals that are on earth<br> + From their fatigues; and I the only one +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Made myself ready to sustain the war,<br> + Both of the way and likewise of the woe,<br> + Which memory that errs not shall retrace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Muses, O high genius, now assist me!<br> + O memory, that didst write down what I saw,<br> + Here thy nobility shall be manifest! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I began: “Poet, who guidest me,<br> + Regard my manhood, if it be sufficient,<br> + Ere to the arduous pass thou dost confide me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou sayest, that of Silvius the parent,<br> + While yet corruptible, unto the world<br> + Immortal went, and was there bodily. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if the adversary of all evil<br> + Was courteous, thinking of the high effect<br> + That issue would from him, and who, and what, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To men of intellect unmeet it seems not;<br> + For he was of great Rome, and of her empire<br> + In the empyreal heaven as father chosen; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The which and what, wishing to speak the truth,<br> + Were stablished as the holy place, wherein<br> + Sits the successor of the greatest Peter. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon this journey, whence thou givest him vaunt,<br> + Things did he hear, which the occasion were<br> + Both of his victory and the papal mantle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thither went afterwards the Chosen Vessel,<br> + To bring back comfort thence unto that Faith,<br> + Which of salvation’s way is the beginning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But I, why thither come, or who concedes it?<br> + I not Aeneas am, I am not Paul,<br> + Nor I, nor others, think me worthy of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore, if I resign myself to come,<br> + I fear the coming may be ill-advised;<br> + Thou’rt wise, and knowest better than I speak.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as he is, who unwills what he willed,<br> + And by new thoughts doth his intention change,<br> + So that from his design he quite withdraws, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such I became, upon that dark hillside,<br> + Because, in thinking, I consumed the emprise,<br> + Which was so very prompt in the beginning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If I have well thy language understood,”<br> + Replied that shade of the Magnanimous,<br> + “Thy soul attainted is with cowardice, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which many times a man encumbers so,<br> + It turns him back from honoured enterprise,<br> + As false sight doth a beast, when he is shy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That thou mayst free thee from this apprehension,<br> + I’ll tell thee why I came, and what I heard<br> + At the first moment when I grieved for thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Among those was I who are in suspense,<br> + And a fair, saintly Lady called to me<br> + In such wise, I besought her to command me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Her eyes where shining brighter than the Star;<br> + And she began to say, gentle and low,<br> + With voice angelical, in her own language: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘O spirit courteous of Mantua,<br> + Of whom the fame still in the world endures,<br> + And shall endure, long-lasting as the world; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A friend of mine, and not the friend of fortune,<br> + Upon the desert slope is so impeded<br> + Upon his way, that he has turned through terror, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And may, I fear, already be so lost,<br> + That I too late have risen to his succour,<br> + From that which I have heard of him in Heaven. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Bestir thee now, and with thy speech ornate,<br> + And with what needful is for his release,<br> + Assist him so, that I may be consoled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beatrice am I, who do bid thee go;<br> + I come from there, where I would fain return;<br> + Love moved me, which compelleth me to speak. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I shall be in presence of my Lord,<br> + Full often will I praise thee unto him.’<br> + Then paused she, and thereafter I began: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘O Lady of virtue, thou alone through whom<br> + The human race exceedeth all contained<br> + Within the heaven that has the lesser circles, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So grateful unto me is thy commandment,<br> + To obey, if ’twere already done, were late;<br> + No farther need’st thou ope to me thy wish. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But the cause tell me why thou dost not shun<br> + The here descending down into this centre,<br> + From the vast place thou burnest to return to.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Since thou wouldst fain so inwardly discern,<br> + Briefly will I relate,’ she answered me,<br> + ‘Why I am not afraid to enter here. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of those things only should one be afraid<br> + Which have the power of doing others harm;<br> + Of the rest, no; because they are not fearful. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +God in his mercy such created me<br> + That misery of yours attains me not,<br> + Nor any flame assails me of this burning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A gentle Lady is in Heaven, who grieves<br> + At this impediment, to which I send thee,<br> + So that stern judgment there above is broken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In her entreaty she besought Lucia,<br> + And said, “Thy faithful one now stands in need<br> + Of thee, and unto thee I recommend him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lucia, foe of all that cruel is,<br> + Hastened away, and came unto the place<br> + Where I was sitting with the ancient Rachel. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Beatrice” said she, “the true praise of God,<br> + Why succourest thou not him, who loved thee so,<br> + For thee he issued from the vulgar herd? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Dost thou not hear the pity of his plaint?<br> + Dost thou not see the death that combats him<br> + Beside that flood, where ocean has no vaunt?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Never were persons in the world so swift<br> + To work their weal and to escape their woe,<br> + As I, after such words as these were uttered, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Came hither downward from my blessed seat,<br> + Confiding in thy dignified discourse,<br> + Which honours thee, and those who’ve listened to it.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After she thus had spoken unto me,<br> + Weeping, her shining eyes she turned away;<br> + Whereby she made me swifter in my coming; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto thee I came, as she desired;<br> + I have delivered thee from that wild beast,<br> + Which barred the beautiful mountain’s short ascent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What is it, then? Why, why dost thou delay?<br> + Why is such baseness bedded in thy heart?<br> + Daring and hardihood why hast thou not, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Seeing that three such Ladies benedight<br> + Are caring for thee in the court of Heaven,<br> + And so much good my speech doth promise thee?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the flowerets, by nocturnal chill,<br> + Bowed down and closed, when the sun whitens them,<br> + Uplift themselves all open on their stems; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such I became with my exhausted strength,<br> + And such good courage to my heart there coursed,<br> + That I began, like an intrepid person: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O she compassionate, who succoured me,<br> + And courteous thou, who hast obeyed so soon<br> + The words of truth which she addressed to thee! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou hast my heart so with desire disposed<br> + To the adventure, with these words of thine,<br> + That to my first intent I have returned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now go, for one sole will is in us both,<br> + Thou Leader, and thou Lord, and Master thou.”<br> + Thus said I to him; and when he had moved, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I entered on the deep and savage way. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.III"></a>Inferno: Canto III</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Through me the way is to the city dolent;<br> + Through me the way is to eternal dole;<br> + Through me the way among the people lost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Justice incited my sublime Creator;<br> + Created me divine Omnipotence,<br> + The highest Wisdom and the primal Love. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Before me there were no created things,<br> + Only eterne, and I eternal last.<br> + All hope abandon, ye who enter in!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These words in sombre colour I beheld<br> + Written upon the summit of a gate;<br> + Whence I: “Their sense is, Master, hard to me!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me, as one experienced:<br> + “Here all suspicion needs must be abandoned,<br> + All cowardice must needs be here extinct. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We to the place have come, where I have told thee<br> + Thou shalt behold the people dolorous<br> + Who have foregone the good of intellect.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And after he had laid his hand on mine<br> + With joyful mien, whence I was comforted,<br> + He led me in among the secret things. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There sighs, complaints, and ululations loud<br> + Resounded through the air without a star,<br> + Whence I, at the beginning, wept thereat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Languages diverse, horrible dialects,<br> + Accents of anger, words of agony,<br> + And voices high and hoarse, with sound of hands, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Made up a tumult that goes whirling on<br> + For ever in that air for ever black,<br> + Even as the sand doth, when the whirlwind breathes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who had my head with horror bound,<br> + Said: “Master, what is this which now I hear?<br> + What folk is this, which seems by pain so vanquished?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “This miserable mode<br> + Maintain the melancholy souls of those<br> + Who lived withouten infamy or praise. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Commingled are they with that caitiff choir<br> + Of Angels, who have not rebellious been,<br> + Nor faithful were to God, but were for self. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The heavens expelled them, not to be less fair;<br> + Nor them the nethermore abyss receives,<br> + For glory none the damned would have from them.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “O Master, what so grievous is<br> + To these, that maketh them lament so sore?”<br> + He answered: “I will tell thee very briefly. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These have no longer any hope of death;<br> + And this blind life of theirs is so debased,<br> + They envious are of every other fate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No fame of them the world permits to be;<br> + Misericord and Justice both disdain them.<br> + Let us not speak of them, but look, and pass.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who looked again, beheld a banner,<br> + Which, whirling round, ran on so rapidly,<br> + That of all pause it seemed to me indignant; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And after it there came so long a train<br> + Of people, that I ne’er would have believed<br> + That ever Death so many had undone. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When some among them I had recognised,<br> + I looked, and I beheld the shade of him<br> + Who made through cowardice the great refusal. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Forthwith I comprehended, and was certain,<br> + That this the sect was of the caitiff wretches<br> + Hateful to God and to his enemies. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These miscreants, who never were alive,<br> + Were naked, and were stung exceedingly<br> + By gadflies and by hornets that were there. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These did their faces irrigate with blood,<br> + Which, with their tears commingled, at their feet<br> + By the disgusting worms was gathered up. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when to gazing farther I betook me.<br> + People I saw on a great river’s bank;<br> + Whence said I: “Master, now vouchsafe to me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That I may know who these are, and what law<br> + Makes them appear so ready to pass over,<br> + As I discern athwart the dusky light.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “These things shall all be known<br> + To thee, as soon as we our footsteps stay<br> + Upon the dismal shore of Acheron.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then with mine eyes ashamed and downward cast,<br> + Fearing my words might irksome be to him,<br> + From speech refrained I till we reached the river. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! towards us coming in a boat<br> + An old man, hoary with the hair of eld,<br> + Crying: “Woe unto you, ye souls depraved! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hope nevermore to look upon the heavens;<br> + I come to lead you to the other shore,<br> + To the eternal shades in heat and frost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thou, that yonder standest, living soul,<br> + Withdraw thee from these people, who are dead!”<br> + But when he saw that I did not withdraw, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He said: “By other ways, by other ports<br> + Thou to the shore shalt come, not here, for passage;<br> + A lighter vessel needs must carry thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto him the Guide: “Vex thee not, Charon;<br> + It is so willed there where is power to do<br> + That which is willed; and farther question not.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereat were quieted the fleecy cheeks<br> + Of him the ferryman of the livid fen,<br> + Who round about his eyes had wheels of flame. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But all those souls who weary were and naked<br> + Their colour changed and gnashed their teeth together,<br> + As soon as they had heard those cruel words. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +God they blasphemed and their progenitors,<br> + The human race, the place, the time, the seed<br> + Of their engendering and of their birth! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter all together they drew back,<br> + Bitterly weeping, to the accursed shore,<br> + Which waiteth every man who fears not God. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Charon the demon, with the eyes of glede,<br> + Beckoning to them, collects them all together,<br> + Beats with his oar whoever lags behind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As in the autumn-time the leaves fall off,<br> + First one and then another, till the branch<br> + Unto the earth surrenders all its spoils; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In similar wise the evil seed of Adam<br> + Throw themselves from that margin one by one,<br> + At signals, as a bird unto its lure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So they depart across the dusky wave,<br> + And ere upon the other side they land,<br> + Again on this side a new troop assembles. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“My son,” the courteous Master said to me,<br> + “All those who perish in the wrath of God<br> + Here meet together out of every land; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And ready are they to pass o’er the river,<br> + Because celestial Justice spurs them on,<br> + So that their fear is turned into desire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This way there never passes a good soul;<br> + And hence if Charon doth complain of thee,<br> + Well mayst thou know now what his speech imports.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This being finished, all the dusk champaign<br> + Trembled so violently, that of that terror<br> + The recollection bathes me still with sweat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The land of tears gave forth a blast of wind,<br> + And fulminated a vermilion light,<br> + Which overmastered in me every sense, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as a man whom sleep hath seized I fell. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.IV"></a>Inferno: Canto IV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Broke the deep lethargy within my head<br> + A heavy thunder, so that I upstarted,<br> + Like to a person who by force is wakened; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And round about I moved my rested eyes,<br> + Uprisen erect, and steadfastly I gazed,<br> + To recognise the place wherein I was. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +True is it, that upon the verge I found me<br> + Of the abysmal valley dolorous,<br> + That gathers thunder of infinite ululations. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Obscure, profound it was, and nebulous,<br> + So that by fixing on its depths my sight<br> + Nothing whatever I discerned therein. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Let us descend now into the blind world,”<br> + Began the Poet, pallid utterly;<br> + “I will be first, and thou shalt second be.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who of his colour was aware,<br> + Said: “How shall I come, if thou art afraid,<br> + Who’rt wont to be a comfort to my fears?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “The anguish of the people<br> + Who are below here in my face depicts<br> + That pity which for terror thou hast taken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let us go on, for the long way impels us.”<br> + Thus he went in, and thus he made me enter<br> + The foremost circle that surrounds the abyss. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There, as it seemed to me from listening,<br> + Were lamentations none, but only sighs,<br> + That tremble made the everlasting air. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this arose from sorrow without torment,<br> + Which the crowds had, that many were and great,<br> + Of infants and of women and of men. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To me the Master good: “Thou dost not ask<br> + What spirits these, which thou beholdest, are?<br> + Now will I have thee know, ere thou go farther, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That they sinned not; and if they merit had,<br> + ’Tis not enough, because they had not baptism<br> + Which is the portal of the Faith thou holdest; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if they were before Christianity,<br> + In the right manner they adored not God;<br> + And among such as these am I myself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For such defects, and not for other guilt,<br> + Lost are we and are only so far punished,<br> + That without hope we live on in desire.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Great grief seized on my heart when this I heard,<br> + Because some people of much worthiness<br> + I knew, who in that Limbo were suspended. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Tell me, my Master, tell me, thou my Lord,”<br> + Began I, with desire of being certain<br> + Of that Faith which o’ercometh every error, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Came any one by his own merit hence,<br> + Or by another’s, who was blessed thereafter?”<br> + And he, who understood my covert speech, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Replied: “I was a novice in this state,<br> + When I saw hither come a Mighty One,<br> + With sign of victory incoronate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence he drew forth the shade of the First Parent,<br> + And that of his son Abel, and of Noah,<br> + Of Moses the lawgiver, and the obedient +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Abraham, patriarch, and David, king,<br> + Israel with his father and his children,<br> + And Rachel, for whose sake he did so much, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And others many, and he made them blessed;<br> + And thou must know, that earlier than these<br> + Never were any human spirits saved.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We ceased not to advance because he spake,<br> + But still were passing onward through the forest,<br> + The forest, say I, of thick-crowded ghosts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not very far as yet our way had gone<br> + This side the summit, when I saw a fire<br> + That overcame a hemisphere of darkness. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We were a little distant from it still,<br> + But not so far that I in part discerned not<br> + That honourable people held that place. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou who honourest every art and science,<br> + Who may these be, which such great honour have,<br> + That from the fashion of the rest it parts them?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “The honourable name,<br> + That sounds of them above there in thy life,<br> + Wins grace in Heaven, that so advances them.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the mean time a voice was heard by me:<br> + “All honour be to the pre-eminent Poet;<br> + His shade returns again, that was departed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the voice had ceased and quiet was,<br> + Four mighty shades I saw approaching us;<br> + Semblance had they nor sorrowful nor glad. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To say to me began my gracious Master:<br> + “Him with that falchion in his hand behold,<br> + Who comes before the three, even as their lord. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That one is Homer, Poet sovereign;<br> + He who comes next is Horace, the satirist;<br> + The third is Ovid, and the last is Lucan. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because to each of these with me applies<br> + The name that solitary voice proclaimed,<br> + They do me honour, and in that do well.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus I beheld assemble the fair school<br> + Of that lord of the song pre-eminent,<br> + Who o’er the others like an eagle soars. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When they together had discoursed somewhat,<br> + They turned to me with signs of salutation,<br> + And on beholding this, my Master smiled; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And more of honour still, much more, they did me,<br> + In that they made me one of their own band;<br> + So that the sixth was I, ’mid so much wit. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus we went on as far as to the light,<br> + Things saying ’tis becoming to keep silent,<br> + As was the saying of them where I was. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We came unto a noble castle’s foot,<br> + Seven times encompassed with lofty walls,<br> + Defended round by a fair rivulet; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This we passed over even as firm ground;<br> + Through portals seven I entered with these Sages;<br> + We came into a meadow of fresh verdure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +People were there with solemn eyes and slow,<br> + Of great authority in their countenance;<br> + They spake but seldom, and with gentle voices. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus we withdrew ourselves upon one side<br> + Into an opening luminous and lofty,<br> + So that they all of them were visible. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There opposite, upon the green enamel,<br> + Were pointed out to me the mighty spirits,<br> + Whom to have seen I feel myself exalted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw Electra with companions many,<br> + ’Mongst whom I knew both Hector and Aeneas,<br> + Caesar in armour with gerfalcon eyes; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw Camilla and Penthesilea<br> + On the other side, and saw the King Latinus,<br> + Who with Lavinia his daughter sat; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw that Brutus who drove Tarquin forth,<br> + Lucretia, Julia, Marcia, and Cornelia,<br> + And saw alone, apart, the Saladin. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I had lifted up my brows a little,<br> + The Master I beheld of those who know,<br> + Sit with his philosophic family. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All gaze upon him, and all do him honour.<br> + There I beheld both Socrates and Plato,<br> + Who nearer him before the others stand; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Democritus, who puts the world on chance,<br> + Diogenes, Anaxagoras, and Thales,<br> + Zeno, Empedocles, and Heraclitus; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of qualities I saw the good collector,<br> + Hight Dioscorides; and Orpheus saw I,<br> + Tully and Livy, and moral Seneca, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Euclid, geometrician, and Ptolemy,<br> + Galen, Hippocrates, and Avicenna,<br> + Averroes, who the great Comment made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I cannot all of them pourtray in full,<br> + Because so drives me onward the long theme,<br> + That many times the word comes short of fact. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The sixfold company in two divides;<br> + Another way my sapient Guide conducts me<br> + Forth from the quiet to the air that trembles; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to a place I come where nothing shines. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.V"></a>Inferno: Canto V</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus I descended out of the first circle<br> + Down to the second, that less space begirds,<br> + And so much greater dole, that goads to wailing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There standeth Minos horribly, and snarls;<br> + Examines the transgressions at the entrance;<br> + Judges, and sends according as he girds him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I say, that when the spirit evil-born<br> + Cometh before him, wholly it confesses;<br> + And this discriminator of transgressions +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Seeth what place in Hell is meet for it;<br> + Girds himself with his tail as many times<br> + As grades he wishes it should be thrust down. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Always before him many of them stand;<br> + They go by turns each one unto the judgment;<br> + They speak, and hear, and then are downward hurled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou, that to this dolorous hostelry<br> + Comest,” said Minos to me, when he saw me,<br> + Leaving the practice of so great an office, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Look how thou enterest, and in whom thou trustest;<br> + Let not the portal’s amplitude deceive thee.”<br> + And unto him my Guide: “Why criest thou too? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Do not impede his journey fate-ordained;<br> + It is so willed there where is power to do<br> + That which is willed; and ask no further question.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now begin the dolesome notes to grow<br> + Audible unto me; now am I come<br> + There where much lamentation strikes upon me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I came into a place mute of all light,<br> + Which bellows as the sea does in a tempest,<br> + If by opposing winds ’t is combated. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The infernal hurricane that never rests<br> + Hurtles the spirits onward in its rapine;<br> + Whirling them round, and smiting, it molests them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When they arrive before the precipice,<br> + There are the shrieks, the plaints, and the laments,<br> + There they blaspheme the puissance divine. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I understood that unto such a torment<br> + The carnal malefactors were condemned,<br> + Who reason subjugate to appetite. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as the wings of starlings bear them on<br> + In the cold season in large band and full,<br> + So doth that blast the spirits maledict; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It hither, thither, downward, upward, drives them;<br> + No hope doth comfort them for evermore,<br> + Not of repose, but even of lesser pain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as the cranes go chanting forth their lays,<br> + Making in air a long line of themselves,<br> + So saw I coming, uttering lamentations, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Shadows borne onward by the aforesaid stress.<br> + Whereupon said I: “Master, who are those<br> + People, whom the black air so castigates?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The first of those, of whom intelligence<br> + Thou fain wouldst have,” then said he unto me,<br> + “The empress was of many languages. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To sensual vices she was so abandoned,<br> + That lustful she made licit in her law,<br> + To remove the blame to which she had been led. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She is Semiramis, of whom we read<br> + That she succeeded Ninus, and was his spouse;<br> + She held the land which now the Sultan rules. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The next is she who killed herself for love,<br> + And broke faith with the ashes of Sichaeus;<br> + Then Cleopatra the voluptuous.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Helen I saw, for whom so many ruthless<br> + Seasons revolved; and saw the great Achilles,<br> + Who at the last hour combated with Love. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Paris I saw, Tristan; and more than a thousand<br> + Shades did he name and point out with his finger,<br> + Whom Love had separated from our life. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After that I had listened to my Teacher,<br> + Naming the dames of eld and cavaliers,<br> + Pity prevailed, and I was nigh bewildered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I began: “O Poet, willingly<br> + Speak would I to those two, who go together,<br> + And seem upon the wind to be so light.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, he to me: “Thou’lt mark, when they shall be<br> + Nearer to us; and then do thou implore them<br> + By love which leadeth them, and they will come.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Soon as the wind in our direction sways them,<br> + My voice uplift I: “O ye weary souls!<br> + Come speak to us, if no one interdicts it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As turtle-doves, called onward by desire,<br> + With open and steady wings to the sweet nest<br> + Fly through the air by their volition borne, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So came they from the band where Dido is,<br> + Approaching us athwart the air malign,<br> + So strong was the affectionate appeal. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O living creature gracious and benignant,<br> + Who visiting goest through the purple air<br> + Us, who have stained the world incarnadine, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If were the King of the Universe our friend,<br> + We would pray unto him to give thee peace,<br> + Since thou hast pity on our woe perverse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of what it pleases thee to hear and speak,<br> + That will we hear, and we will speak to you,<br> + While silent is the wind, as it is now. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sitteth the city, wherein I was born,<br> + Upon the sea-shore where the Po descends<br> + To rest in peace with all his retinue. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Love, that on gentle heart doth swiftly seize,<br> + Seized this man for the person beautiful<br> + That was ta’en from me, and still the mode offends me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Love, that exempts no one beloved from loving,<br> + Seized me with pleasure of this man so strongly,<br> + That, as thou seest, it doth not yet desert me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Love has conducted us unto one death;<br> + Caina waiteth him who quenched our life!”<br> + These words were borne along from them to us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as I had heard those souls tormented,<br> + I bowed my face, and so long held it down<br> + Until the Poet said to me: “What thinkest?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I made answer, I began: “Alas!<br> + How many pleasant thoughts, how much desire,<br> + Conducted these unto the dolorous pass!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then unto them I turned me, and I spake,<br> + And I began: “Thine agonies, Francesca,<br> + Sad and compassionate to weeping make me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me, at the time of those sweet sighs,<br> + By what and in what manner Love conceded,<br> + That you should know your dubious desires?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she to me: “There is no greater sorrow<br> + Than to be mindful of the happy time<br> + In misery, and that thy Teacher knows. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But, if to recognise the earliest root<br> + Of love in us thou hast so great desire,<br> + I will do even as he who weeps and speaks. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One day we reading were for our delight<br> + Of Launcelot, how Love did him enthral.<br> + Alone we were and without any fear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Full many a time our eyes together drew<br> + That reading, and drove the colour from our faces;<br> + But one point only was it that o’ercame us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When as we read of the much-longed-for smile<br> + Being by such a noble lover kissed,<br> + This one, who ne’er from me shall be divided, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Kissed me upon the mouth all palpitating.<br> + Galeotto was the book and he who wrote it.<br> + That day no farther did we read therein.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And all the while one spirit uttered this,<br> + The other one did weep so, that, for pity,<br> + I swooned away as if I had been dying, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And fell, even as a dead body falls. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.VI"></a>Inferno: Canto VI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +At the return of consciousness, that closed<br> + Before the pity of those two relations,<br> + Which utterly with sadness had confused me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +New torments I behold, and new tormented<br> + Around me, whichsoever way I move,<br> + And whichsoever way I turn, and gaze. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the third circle am I of the rain<br> + Eternal, maledict, and cold, and heavy;<br> + Its law and quality are never new. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Huge hail, and water sombre-hued, and snow,<br> + Athwart the tenebrous air pour down amain;<br> + Noisome the earth is, that receiveth this. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Cerberus, monster cruel and uncouth,<br> + With his three gullets like a dog is barking<br> + Over the people that are there submerged. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Red eyes he has, and unctuous beard and black,<br> + And belly large, and armed with claws his hands;<br> + He rends the spirits, flays, and quarters them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Howl the rain maketh them like unto dogs;<br> + One side they make a shelter for the other;<br> + Oft turn themselves the wretched reprobates. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When Cerberus perceived us, the great worm!<br> + His mouths he opened, and displayed his tusks;<br> + Not a limb had he that was motionless. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And my Conductor, with his spans extended,<br> + Took of the earth, and with his fists well filled,<br> + He threw it into those rapacious gullets. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such as that dog is, who by barking craves,<br> + And quiet grows soon as his food he gnaws,<br> + For to devour it he but thinks and struggles, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The like became those muzzles filth-begrimed<br> + Of Cerberus the demon, who so thunders<br> + Over the souls that they would fain be deaf. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We passed across the shadows, which subdues<br> + The heavy rain-storm, and we placed our feet<br> + Upon their vanity that person seems. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They all were lying prone upon the earth,<br> + Excepting one, who sat upright as soon<br> + As he beheld us passing on before him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou that art conducted through this Hell,”<br> + He said to me, “recall me, if thou canst;<br> + Thyself wast made before I was unmade.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “The anguish which thou hast<br> + Perhaps doth draw thee out of my remembrance,<br> + So that it seems not I have ever seen thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me who thou art, that in so doleful<br> + A place art put, and in such punishment,<br> + If some are greater, none is so displeasing.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Thy city, which is full<br> + Of envy so that now the sack runs over,<br> + Held me within it in the life serene. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +You citizens were wont to call me Ciacco;<br> + For the pernicious sin of gluttony<br> + I, as thou seest, am battered by this rain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, sad soul, am not the only one,<br> + For all these suffer the like penalty<br> + For the like sin;” and word no more spake he. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I answered him: “Ciacco, thy wretchedness<br> + Weighs on me so that it to weep invites me;<br> + But tell me, if thou knowest, to what shall come +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The citizens of the divided city;<br> + If any there be just; and the occasion<br> + Tell me why so much discord has assailed it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “They, after long contention,<br> + Will come to bloodshed; and the rustic party<br> + Will drive the other out with much offence. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then afterwards behoves it this one fall<br> + Within three suns, and rise again the other<br> + By force of him who now is on the coast. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +High will it hold its forehead a long while,<br> + Keeping the other under heavy burdens,<br> + Howe’er it weeps thereat and is indignant. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The just are two, and are not understood there;<br> + Envy and Arrogance and Avarice<br> + Are the three sparks that have all hearts enkindled.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here ended he his tearful utterance;<br> + And I to him: “I wish thee still to teach me,<br> + And make a gift to me of further speech. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Farinata and Tegghiaio, once so worthy,<br> + Jacopo Rusticucci, Arrigo, and Mosca,<br> + And others who on good deeds set their thoughts, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Say where they are, and cause that I may know them;<br> + For great desire constraineth me to learn<br> + If Heaven doth sweeten them, or Hell envenom.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he: “They are among the blacker souls;<br> + A different sin downweighs them to the bottom;<br> + If thou so far descendest, thou canst see them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when thou art again in the sweet world,<br> + I pray thee to the mind of others bring me;<br> + No more I tell thee and no more I answer.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then his straightforward eyes he turned askance,<br> + Eyed me a little, and then bowed his head;<br> + He fell therewith prone like the other blind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the Guide said to me: “He wakes no more<br> + This side the sound of the angelic trumpet;<br> + When shall approach the hostile Potentate, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each one shall find again his dismal tomb,<br> + Shall reassume his flesh and his own figure,<br> + Shall hear what through eternity re-echoes.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So we passed onward o’er the filthy mixture<br> + Of shadows and of rain with footsteps slow,<br> + Touching a little on the future life. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore I said: “Master, these torments here,<br> + Will they increase after the mighty sentence,<br> + Or lesser be, or will they be as burning?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Return unto thy science,<br> + Which wills, that as the thing more perfect is,<br> + The more it feels of pleasure and of pain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Albeit that this people maledict<br> + To true perfection never can attain,<br> + Hereafter more than now they look to be.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Round in a circle by that road we went,<br> + Speaking much more, which I do not repeat;<br> + We came unto the point where the descent is; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There we found Plutus the great enemy. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.VII"></a>Inferno: Canto VII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Pape Satan, Pape Satan, Aleppe!”<br> + Thus Plutus with his clucking voice began;<br> + And that benignant Sage, who all things knew, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Said, to encourage me: “Let not thy fear<br> + Harm thee; for any power that he may have<br> + Shall not prevent thy going down this crag.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he turned round unto that bloated lip,<br> + And said: “Be silent, thou accursed wolf;<br> + Consume within thyself with thine own rage. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not causeless is this journey to the abyss;<br> + Thus is it willed on high, where Michael wrought<br> + Vengeance upon the proud adultery.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the sails inflated by the wind<br> + Involved together fall when snaps the mast,<br> + So fell the cruel monster to the earth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus we descended into the fourth chasm,<br> + Gaining still farther on the dolesome shore<br> + Which all the woe of the universe insacks. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Justice of God, ah! who heaps up so many<br> + New toils and sufferings as I beheld?<br> + And why doth our transgression waste us so? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As doth the billow there upon Charybdis,<br> + That breaks itself on that which it encounters,<br> + So here the folk must dance their roundelay. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here saw I people, more than elsewhere, many,<br> + On one side and the other, with great howls,<br> + Rolling weights forward by main force of chest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They clashed together, and then at that point<br> + Each one turned backward, rolling retrograde,<br> + Crying, “Why keepest?” and, “Why squanderest thou?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus they returned along the lurid circle<br> + On either hand unto the opposite point,<br> + Shouting their shameful metre evermore. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then each, when he arrived there, wheeled about<br> + Through his half-circle to another joust;<br> + And I, who had my heart pierced as it were, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Exclaimed: “My Master, now declare to me<br> + What people these are, and if all were clerks,<br> + These shaven crowns upon the left of us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “All of them were asquint<br> + In intellect in the first life, so much<br> + That there with measure they no spending made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Clearly enough their voices bark it forth,<br> + Whene’er they reach the two points of the circle,<br> + Where sunders them the opposite defect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Clerks those were who no hairy covering<br> + Have on the head, and Popes and Cardinals,<br> + In whom doth Avarice practise its excess.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “My Master, among such as these<br> + I ought forsooth to recognise some few,<br> + Who were infected with these maladies.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Vain thought thou entertainest;<br> + The undiscerning life which made them sordid<br> + Now makes them unto all discernment dim. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Forever shall they come to these two buttings;<br> + These from the sepulchre shall rise again<br> + With the fist closed, and these with tresses shorn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ill giving and ill keeping the fair world<br> + Have ta’en from them, and placed them in this scuffle;<br> + Whate’er it be, no words adorn I for it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now canst thou, Son, behold the transient farce<br> + Of goods that are committed unto Fortune,<br> + For which the human race each other buffet; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For all the gold that is beneath the moon,<br> + Or ever has been, of these weary souls<br> + Could never make a single one repose.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Master,” I said to him, “now tell me also<br> + What is this Fortune which thou speakest of,<br> + That has the world’s goods so within its clutches?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “O creatures imbecile,<br> + What ignorance is this which doth beset you?<br> + Now will I have thee learn my judgment of her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He whose omniscience everything transcends<br> + The heavens created, and gave who should guide them,<br> + That every part to every part may shine, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Distributing the light in equal measure;<br> + He in like manner to the mundane splendours<br> + Ordained a general ministress and guide, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That she might change at times the empty treasures<br> + From race to race, from one blood to another,<br> + Beyond resistance of all human wisdom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore one people triumphs, and another<br> + Languishes, in pursuance of her judgment,<br> + Which hidden is, as in the grass a serpent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Your knowledge has no counterstand against her;<br> + She makes provision, judges, and pursues<br> + Her governance, as theirs the other gods. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Her permutations have not any truce;<br> + Necessity makes her precipitate,<br> + So often cometh who his turn obtains. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this is she who is so crucified<br> + Even by those who ought to give her praise,<br> + Giving her blame amiss, and bad repute. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But she is blissful, and she hears it not;<br> + Among the other primal creatures gladsome<br> + She turns her sphere, and blissful she rejoices. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let us descend now unto greater woe;<br> + Already sinks each star that was ascending<br> + When I set out, and loitering is forbidden.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We crossed the circle to the other bank,<br> + Near to a fount that boils, and pours itself<br> + Along a gully that runs out of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The water was more sombre far than perse;<br> + And we, in company with the dusky waves,<br> + Made entrance downward by a path uncouth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A marsh it makes, which has the name of Styx,<br> + This tristful brooklet, when it has descended<br> + Down to the foot of the malign gray shores. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who stood intent upon beholding,<br> + Saw people mud-besprent in that lagoon,<br> + All of them naked and with angry look. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They smote each other not alone with hands,<br> + But with the head and with the breast and feet,<br> + Tearing each other piecemeal with their teeth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Said the good Master: “Son, thou now beholdest<br> + The souls of those whom anger overcame;<br> + And likewise I would have thee know for certain +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beneath the water people are who sigh<br> + And make this water bubble at the surface,<br> + As the eye tells thee wheresoe’er it turns. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Fixed in the mire they say, ‘We sullen were<br> + In the sweet air, which by the sun is gladdened,<br> + Bearing within ourselves the sluggish reek; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now we are sullen in this sable mire.’<br> + This hymn do they keep gurgling in their throats,<br> + For with unbroken words they cannot say it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus we went circling round the filthy fen<br> + A great arc ’twixt the dry bank and the swamp,<br> + With eyes turned unto those who gorge the mire; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto the foot of a tower we came at last. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.VIII"></a>Inferno: Canto VIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +I say, continuing, that long before<br> + We to the foot of that high tower had come,<br> + Our eyes went upward to the summit of it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By reason of two flamelets we saw placed there,<br> + And from afar another answer them,<br> + So far, that hardly could the eye attain it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, to the sea of all discernment turned,<br> + I said: “What sayeth this, and what respondeth<br> + That other fire? and who are they that made it?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Across the turbid waves<br> + What is expected thou canst now discern,<br> + If reek of the morass conceal it not.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Cord never shot an arrow from itself<br> + That sped away athwart the air so swift,<br> + As I beheld a very little boat +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come o’er the water tow’rds us at that moment,<br> + Under the guidance of a single pilot,<br> + Who shouted, “Now art thou arrived, fell soul?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Phlegyas, Phlegyas, thou criest out in vain<br> + For this once,” said my Lord; “thou shalt not have us<br> + Longer than in the passing of the slough.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As he who listens to some great deceit<br> + That has been done to him, and then resents it,<br> + Such became Phlegyas, in his gathered wrath. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Guide descended down into the boat,<br> + And then he made me enter after him,<br> + And only when I entered seemed it laden. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Soon as the Guide and I were in the boat,<br> + The antique prow goes on its way, dividing<br> + More of the water than ’tis wont with others. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While we were running through the dead canal,<br> + Uprose in front of me one full of mire,<br> + And said, “Who ’rt thou that comest ere the hour?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “Although I come, I stay not;<br> + But who art thou that hast become so squalid?”<br> + “Thou seest that I am one who weeps,” he answered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “With weeping and with wailing,<br> + Thou spirit maledict, do thou remain;<br> + For thee I know, though thou art all defiled.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then stretched he both his hands unto the boat;<br> + Whereat my wary Master thrust him back,<br> + Saying, “Away there with the other dogs!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter with his arms he clasped my neck;<br> + He kissed my face, and said: “Disdainful soul,<br> + Blessed be she who bore thee in her bosom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That was an arrogant person in the world;<br> + Goodness is none, that decks his memory;<br> + So likewise here his shade is furious. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How many are esteemed great kings up there,<br> + Who here shall be like unto swine in mire,<br> + Leaving behind them horrible dispraises!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “My Master, much should I be pleased,<br> + If I could see him soused into this broth,<br> + Before we issue forth out of the lake.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Ere unto thee the shore<br> + Reveal itself, thou shalt be satisfied;<br> + Such a desire ’tis meet thou shouldst enjoy.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A little after that, I saw such havoc<br> + Made of him by the people of the mire,<br> + That still I praise and thank my God for it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They all were shouting, “At Philippo Argenti!”<br> + And that exasperate spirit Florentine<br> + Turned round upon himself with his own teeth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We left him there, and more of him I tell not;<br> + But on mine ears there smote a lamentation,<br> + Whence forward I intent unbar mine eyes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the good Master said: “Even now, my Son,<br> + The city draweth near whose name is Dis,<br> + With the grave citizens, with the great throng.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “Its mosques already, Master, clearly<br> + Within there in the valley I discern<br> + Vermilion, as if issuing from the fire +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They were.” And he to me: “The fire eternal<br> + That kindles them within makes them look red,<br> + As thou beholdest in this nether Hell.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then we arrived within the moats profound,<br> + That circumvallate that disconsolate city;<br> + The walls appeared to me to be of iron. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not without making first a circuit wide,<br> + We came unto a place where loud the pilot<br> + Cried out to us, “Debark, here is the entrance.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More than a thousand at the gates I saw<br> + Out of the Heavens rained down, who angrily<br> + Were saying, “Who is this that without death +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Goes through the kingdom of the people dead?”<br> + And my sagacious Master made a sign<br> + Of wishing secretly to speak with them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A little then they quelled their great disdain,<br> + And said: “Come thou alone, and he begone<br> + Who has so boldly entered these dominions. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let him return alone by his mad road;<br> + Try, if he can; for thou shalt here remain,<br> + Who hast escorted him through such dark regions.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Think, Reader, if I was discomforted<br> + At utterance of the accursed words;<br> + For never to return here I believed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O my dear Guide, who more than seven times<br> + Hast rendered me security, and drawn me<br> + From imminent peril that before me stood, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Do not desert me,” said I, “thus undone;<br> + And if the going farther be denied us,<br> + Let us retrace our steps together swiftly.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that Lord, who had led me thitherward,<br> + Said unto me: “Fear not; because our passage<br> + None can take from us, it by Such is given. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But here await me, and thy weary spirit<br> + Comfort and nourish with a better hope;<br> + For in this nether world I will not leave thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So onward goes and there abandons me<br> + My Father sweet, and I remain in doubt,<br> + For No and Yes within my head contend. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I could not hear what he proposed to them;<br> + But with them there he did not linger long,<br> + Ere each within in rivalry ran back. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They closed the portals, those our adversaries,<br> + On my Lord’s breast, who had remained without<br> + And turned to me with footsteps far between. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His eyes cast down, his forehead shorn had he<br> + Of all its boldness, and he said, with sighs,<br> + “Who has denied to me the dolesome houses?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto me: “Thou, because I am angry,<br> + Fear not, for I will conquer in the trial,<br> + Whatever for defence within be planned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This arrogance of theirs is nothing new;<br> + For once they used it at less secret gate,<br> + Which finds itself without a fastening still. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O’er it didst thou behold the dead inscription;<br> + And now this side of it descends the steep,<br> + Passing across the circles without escort, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One by whose means the city shall be opened.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.IX"></a>Inferno: Canto IX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +That hue which cowardice brought out on me,<br> + Beholding my Conductor backward turn,<br> + Sooner repressed within him his new colour. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He stopped attentive, like a man who listens,<br> + Because the eye could not conduct him far<br> + Through the black air, and through the heavy fog. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Still it behoveth us to win the fight,”<br> + Began he; “Else. . .Such offered us herself. . .<br> + O how I long that some one here arrive!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well I perceived, as soon as the beginning<br> + He covered up with what came afterward,<br> + That they were words quite different from the first; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But none the less his saying gave me fear,<br> + Because I carried out the broken phrase,<br> + Perhaps to a worse meaning than he had. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Into this bottom of the doleful conch<br> + Doth any e’er descend from the first grade,<br> + Which for its pain has only hope cut off?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This question put I; and he answered me:<br> + “Seldom it comes to pass that one of us<br> + Maketh the journey upon which I go. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +True is it, once before I here below<br> + Was conjured by that pitiless Erictho,<br> + Who summoned back the shades unto their bodies. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Naked of me short while the flesh had been,<br> + Before within that wall she made me enter,<br> + To bring a spirit from the circle of Judas; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That is the lowest region and the darkest,<br> + And farthest from the heaven which circles all.<br> + Well know I the way; therefore be reassured. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This fen, which a prodigious stench exhales,<br> + Encompasses about the city dolent,<br> + Where now we cannot enter without anger.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And more he said, but not in mind I have it;<br> + Because mine eye had altogether drawn me<br> + Tow’rds the high tower with the red-flaming summit, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Where in a moment saw I swift uprisen<br> + The three infernal Furies stained with blood,<br> + Who had the limbs of women and their mien, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And with the greenest hydras were begirt;<br> + Small serpents and cerastes were their tresses,<br> + Wherewith their horrid temples were entwined. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he who well the handmaids of the Queen<br> + Of everlasting lamentation knew,<br> + Said unto me: “Behold the fierce Erinnys. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This is Megaera, on the left-hand side;<br> + She who is weeping on the right, Alecto;<br> + Tisiphone is between;” and then was silent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each one her breast was rending with her nails;<br> + They beat them with their palms, and cried so loud,<br> + That I for dread pressed close unto the Poet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Medusa come, so we to stone will change him!”<br> + All shouted looking down; “in evil hour<br> + Avenged we not on Theseus his assault!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Turn thyself round, and keep thine eyes close shut,<br> + For if the Gorgon appear, and thou shouldst see it,<br> + No more returning upward would there be.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus said the Master; and he turned me round<br> + Himself, and trusted not unto my hands<br> + So far as not to blind me with his own. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O ye who have undistempered intellects,<br> + Observe the doctrine that conceals itself<br> + Beneath the veil of the mysterious verses! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now there came across the turbid waves<br> + The clangour of a sound with terror fraught,<br> + Because of which both of the margins trembled; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not otherwise it was than of a wind<br> + Impetuous on account of adverse heats,<br> + That smites the forest, and, without restraint, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The branches rends, beats down, and bears away;<br> + Right onward, laden with dust, it goes superb,<br> + And puts to flight the wild beasts and the shepherds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Mine eyes he loosed, and said: “Direct the nerve<br> + Of vision now along that ancient foam,<br> + There yonder where that smoke is most intense.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the frogs before the hostile serpent<br> + Across the water scatter all abroad,<br> + Until each one is huddled in the earth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More than a thousand ruined souls I saw,<br> + Thus fleeing from before one who on foot<br> + Was passing o’er the Styx with soles unwet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From off his face he fanned that unctuous air,<br> + Waving his left hand oft in front of him,<br> + And only with that anguish seemed he weary. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well I perceived one sent from Heaven was he,<br> + And to the Master turned; and he made sign<br> + That I should quiet stand, and bow before him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah! how disdainful he appeared to me!<br> + He reached the gate, and with a little rod<br> + He opened it, for there was no resistance. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O banished out of Heaven, people despised!”<br> + Thus he began upon the horrid threshold;<br> + “Whence is this arrogance within you couched? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore recalcitrate against that will,<br> + From which the end can never be cut off,<br> + And which has many times increased your pain? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What helpeth it to butt against the fates?<br> + Your Cerberus, if you remember well,<br> + For that still bears his chin and gullet peeled.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he returned along the miry road,<br> + And spake no word to us, but had the look<br> + Of one whom other care constrains and goads +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than that of him who in his presence is;<br> + And we our feet directed tow’rds the city,<br> + After those holy words all confident. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within we entered without any contest;<br> + And I, who inclination had to see<br> + What the condition such a fortress holds, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Soon as I was within, cast round mine eye,<br> + And see on every hand an ample plain,<br> + Full of distress and torment terrible. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as at Arles, where stagnant grows the Rhone,<br> + Even as at Pola near to the Quarnaro,<br> + That shuts in Italy and bathes its borders, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The sepulchres make all the place uneven;<br> + So likewise did they there on every side,<br> + Saving that there the manner was more bitter; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For flames between the sepulchres were scattered,<br> + By which they so intensely heated were,<br> + That iron more so asks not any art. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All of their coverings uplifted were,<br> + And from them issued forth such dire laments,<br> + Sooth seemed they of the wretched and tormented. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “My Master, what are all those people<br> + Who, having sepulture within those tombs,<br> + Make themselves audible by doleful sighs?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Here are the Heresiarchs,<br> + With their disciples of all sects, and much<br> + More than thou thinkest laden are the tombs. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here like together with its like is buried;<br> + And more and less the monuments are heated.”<br> + And when he to the right had turned, we passed +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Between the torments and high parapets. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.X"></a>Inferno: Canto X</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now onward goes, along a narrow path<br> + Between the torments and the city wall,<br> + My Master, and I follow at his back. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O power supreme, that through these impious circles<br> + Turnest me,” I began, “as pleases thee,<br> + Speak to me, and my longings satisfy; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The people who are lying in these tombs,<br> + Might they be seen? already are uplifted<br> + The covers all, and no one keepeth guard.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “They all will be closed up<br> + When from Jehoshaphat they shall return<br> + Here with the bodies they have left above. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Their cemetery have upon this side<br> + With Epicurus all his followers,<br> + Who with the body mortal make the soul; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But in the question thou dost put to me,<br> + Within here shalt thou soon be satisfied,<br> + And likewise in the wish thou keepest silent.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “Good Leader, I but keep concealed<br> + From thee my heart, that I may speak the less,<br> + Nor only now hast thou thereto disposed me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O Tuscan, thou who through the city of fire<br> + Goest alive, thus speaking modestly,<br> + Be pleased to stay thy footsteps in this place. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy mode of speaking makes thee manifest<br> + A native of that noble fatherland,<br> + To which perhaps I too molestful was.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon a sudden issued forth this sound<br> + From out one of the tombs; wherefore I pressed,<br> + Fearing, a little nearer to my Leader. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto me he said: “Turn thee; what dost thou?<br> + Behold there Farinata who has risen;<br> + From the waist upwards wholly shalt thou see him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I had already fixed mine eyes on his,<br> + And he uprose erect with breast and front<br> + E’en as if Hell he had in great despite. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And with courageous hands and prompt my Leader<br> + Thrust me between the sepulchres towards him,<br> + Exclaiming, “Let thy words explicit be.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as I was at the foot of his tomb<br> + Somewhat he eyed me, and, as if disdainful,<br> + Then asked of me, “Who were thine ancestors?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I, who desirous of obeying was,<br> + Concealed it not, but all revealed to him;<br> + Whereat he raised his brows a little upward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said he: “Fiercely adverse have they been<br> + To me, and to my fathers, and my party;<br> + So that two several times I scattered them.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If they were banished, they returned on all sides,”<br> + I answered him, “the first time and the second;<br> + But yours have not acquired that art aright.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then there uprose upon the sight, uncovered<br> + Down to the chin, a shadow at his side;<br> + I think that he had risen on his knees. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Round me he gazed, as if solicitude<br> + He had to see if some one else were with me,<br> + But after his suspicion was all spent, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Weeping, he said to me: “If through this blind<br> + Prison thou goest by loftiness of genius,<br> + Where is my son? and why is he not with thee?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “I come not of myself;<br> + He who is waiting yonder leads me here,<br> + Whom in disdain perhaps your Guido had.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His language and the mode of punishment<br> + Already unto me had read his name;<br> + On that account my answer was so full. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Up starting suddenly, he cried out: “How<br> + Saidst thou,—he had? Is he not still alive?<br> + Does not the sweet light strike upon his eyes?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When he became aware of some delay,<br> + Which I before my answer made, supine<br> + He fell again, and forth appeared no more. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But the other, magnanimous, at whose desire<br> + I had remained, did not his aspect change,<br> + Neither his neck he moved, nor bent his side. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“And if,” continuing his first discourse,<br> + “They have that art,” he said, “not learned aright,<br> + That more tormenteth me, than doth this bed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But fifty times shall not rekindled be<br> + The countenance of the Lady who reigns here,<br> + Ere thou shalt know how heavy is that art; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as thou wouldst to the sweet world return,<br> + Say why that people is so pitiless<br> + Against my race in each one of its laws?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I to him: “The slaughter and great carnage<br> + Which have with crimson stained the Arbia, cause<br> + Such orisons in our temple to be made.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After his head he with a sigh had shaken,<br> + “There I was not alone,” he said, “nor surely<br> + Without a cause had with the others moved. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But there I was alone, where every one<br> + Consented to the laying waste of Florence,<br> + He who defended her with open face.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ah! so hereafter may your seed repose,”<br> + I him entreated, “solve for me that knot,<br> + Which has entangled my conceptions here. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It seems that you can see, if I hear rightly,<br> + Beforehand whatsoe’er time brings with it,<br> + And in the present have another mode.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“We see, like those who have imperfect sight,<br> + The things,” he said, “that distant are from us;<br> + So much still shines on us the Sovereign Ruler. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When they draw near, or are, is wholly vain<br> + Our intellect, and if none brings it to us,<br> + Not anything know we of your human state. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence thou canst understand, that wholly dead<br> + Will be our knowledge from the moment when<br> + The portal of the future shall be closed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then I, as if compunctious for my fault,<br> + Said: “Now, then, you will tell that fallen one,<br> + That still his son is with the living joined. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if just now, in answering, I was dumb,<br> + Tell him I did it because I was thinking<br> + Already of the error you have solved me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now my Master was recalling me,<br> + Wherefore more eagerly I prayed the spirit<br> + That he would tell me who was with him there. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He said: “With more than a thousand here I lie;<br> + Within here is the second Frederick,<br> + And the Cardinal, and of the rest I speak not.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereon he hid himself; and I towards<br> + The ancient poet turned my steps, reflecting<br> + Upon that saying, which seemed hostile to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He moved along; and afterward thus going,<br> + He said to me, “Why art thou so bewildered?”<br> + And I in his inquiry satisfied him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Let memory preserve what thou hast heard<br> + Against thyself,” that Sage commanded me,<br> + “And now attend here;” and he raised his finger. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“When thou shalt be before the radiance sweet<br> + Of her whose beauteous eyes all things behold,<br> + From her thou’lt know the journey of thy life.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto the left hand then he turned his feet;<br> + We left the wall, and went towards the middle,<br> + Along a path that strikes into a valley, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which even up there unpleasant made its stench. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XI"></a>Inferno: Canto XI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the margin of a lofty bank<br> + Which great rocks broken in a circle made,<br> + We came upon a still more cruel throng; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And there, by reason of the horrible<br> + Excess of stench the deep abyss throws out,<br> + We drew ourselves aside behind the cover +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of a great tomb, whereon I saw a writing,<br> + Which said: “Pope Anastasius I hold,<br> + Whom out of the right way Photinus drew.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Slow it behoveth our descent to be,<br> + So that the sense be first a little used<br> + To the sad blast, and then we shall not heed it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Master thus; and unto him I said,<br> + “Some compensation find, that the time pass not<br> + Idly;” and he: “Thou seest I think of that. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My son, upon the inside of these rocks,”<br> + Began he then to say, “are three small circles,<br> + From grade to grade, like those which thou art leaving. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They all are full of spirits maledict;<br> + But that hereafter sight alone suffice thee,<br> + Hear how and wherefore they are in constraint. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of every malice that wins hate in Heaven,<br> + Injury is the end; and all such end<br> + Either by force or fraud afflicteth others. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But because fraud is man’s peculiar vice,<br> + More it displeases God; and so stand lowest<br> + The fraudulent, and greater dole assails them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All the first circle of the Violent is;<br> + But since force may be used against three persons,<br> + In three rounds ’tis divided and constructed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To God, to ourselves, and to our neighbour can we<br> + Use force; I say on them and on their things,<br> + As thou shalt hear with reason manifest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A death by violence, and painful wounds,<br> + Are to our neighbour given; and in his substance<br> + Ruin, and arson, and injurious levies; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence homicides, and he who smites unjustly,<br> + Marauders, and freebooters, the first round<br> + Tormenteth all in companies diverse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Man may lay violent hands upon himself<br> + And his own goods; and therefore in the second<br> + Round must perforce without avail repent +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whoever of your world deprives himself,<br> + Who games, and dissipates his property,<br> + And weepeth there, where he should jocund be. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Violence can be done the Deity,<br> + In heart denying and blaspheming Him,<br> + And by disdaining Nature and her bounty. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And for this reason doth the smallest round<br> + Seal with its signet Sodom and Cahors,<br> + And who, disdaining God, speaks from the heart. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Fraud, wherewithal is every conscience stung,<br> + A man may practise upon him who trusts,<br> + And him who doth no confidence imburse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This latter mode, it would appear, dissevers<br> + Only the bond of love which Nature makes;<br> + Wherefore within the second circle nestle +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hypocrisy, flattery, and who deals in magic,<br> + Falsification, theft, and simony,<br> + Panders, and barrators, and the like filth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By the other mode, forgotten is that love<br> + Which Nature makes, and what is after added,<br> + From which there is a special faith engendered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence in the smallest circle, where the point is<br> + Of the Universe, upon which Dis is seated,<br> + Whoe’er betrays for ever is consumed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “My Master, clear enough proceeds<br> + Thy reasoning, and full well distinguishes<br> + This cavern and the people who possess it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me, those within the fat lagoon,<br> + Whom the wind drives, and whom the rain doth beat,<br> + And who encounter with such bitter tongues, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore are they inside of the red city<br> + Not punished, if God has them in his wrath,<br> + And if he has not, wherefore in such fashion?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto me he said: “Why wanders so<br> + Thine intellect from that which it is wont?<br> + Or, sooth, thy mind where is it elsewhere looking? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hast thou no recollection of those words<br> + With which thine Ethics thoroughly discusses<br> + The dispositions three, that Heaven abides not,— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Incontinence, and Malice, and insane<br> + Bestiality? and how Incontinence<br> + Less God offendeth, and less blame attracts? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If thou regardest this conclusion well,<br> + And to thy mind recallest who they are<br> + That up outside are undergoing penance, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Clearly wilt thou perceive why from these felons<br> + They separated are, and why less wroth<br> + Justice divine doth smite them with its hammer.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O Sun, that healest all distempered vision,<br> + Thou dost content me so, when thou resolvest,<br> + That doubting pleases me no less than knowing! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Once more a little backward turn thee,” said I,<br> + “There where thou sayest that usury offends<br> + Goodness divine, and disengage the knot.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Philosophy,” he said, “to him who heeds it,<br> + Noteth, not only in one place alone,<br> + After what manner Nature takes her course +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From Intellect Divine, and from its art;<br> + And if thy Physics carefully thou notest,<br> + After not many pages shalt thou find, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That this your art as far as possible<br> + Follows, as the disciple doth the master;<br> + So that your art is, as it were, God’s grandchild. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From these two, if thou bringest to thy mind<br> + Genesis at the beginning, it behoves<br> + Mankind to gain their life and to advance; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And since the usurer takes another way,<br> + Nature herself and in her follower<br> + Disdains he, for elsewhere he puts his hope. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But follow, now, as I would fain go on,<br> + For quivering are the Fishes on the horizon,<br> + And the Wain wholly over Caurus lies, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And far beyond there we descend the crag.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XII"></a>Inferno: Canto XII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +The place where to descend the bank we came<br> + Was alpine, and from what was there, moreover,<br> + Of such a kind that every eye would shun it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such as that ruin is which in the flank<br> + Smote, on this side of Trent, the Adige,<br> + Either by earthquake or by failing stay, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For from the mountain’s top, from which it moved,<br> + Unto the plain the cliff is shattered so,<br> + Some path ’twould give to him who was above; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even such was the descent of that ravine,<br> + And on the border of the broken chasm<br> + The infamy of Crete was stretched along, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who was conceived in the fictitious cow;<br> + And when he us beheld, he bit himself,<br> + Even as one whom anger racks within. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Sage towards him shouted: “Peradventure<br> + Thou think’st that here may be the Duke of Athens,<br> + Who in the world above brought death to thee? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Get thee gone, beast, for this one cometh not<br> + Instructed by thy sister, but he comes<br> + In order to behold your punishments.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As is that bull who breaks loose at the moment<br> + In which he has received the mortal blow,<br> + Who cannot walk, but staggers here and there, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Minotaur beheld I do the like;<br> + And he, the wary, cried: “Run to the passage;<br> + While he wroth, ’tis well thou shouldst descend.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus down we took our way o’er that discharge<br> + Of stones, which oftentimes did move themselves<br> + Beneath my feet, from the unwonted burden. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thoughtful I went; and he said: “Thou art thinking<br> + Perhaps upon this ruin, which is guarded<br> + By that brute anger which just now I quenched. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now will I have thee know, the other time<br> + I here descended to the nether Hell,<br> + This precipice had not yet fallen down. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But truly, if I well discern, a little<br> + Before His coming who the mighty spoil<br> + Bore off from Dis, in the supernal circle, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon all sides the deep and loathsome valley<br> + Trembled so, that I thought the Universe<br> + Was thrilled with love, by which there are who think +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The world ofttimes converted into chaos;<br> + And at that moment this primeval crag<br> + Both here and elsewhere made such overthrow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But fix thine eyes below; for draweth near<br> + The river of blood, within which boiling is<br> + Whoe’er by violence doth injure others.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O blind cupidity, O wrath insane,<br> + That spurs us onward so in our short life,<br> + And in the eternal then so badly steeps us! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw an ample moat bent like a bow,<br> + As one which all the plain encompasses,<br> + Conformable to what my Guide had said. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And between this and the embankment’s foot<br> + Centaurs in file were running, armed with arrows,<br> + As in the world they used the chase to follow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beholding us descend, each one stood still,<br> + And from the squadron three detached themselves,<br> + With bows and arrows in advance selected; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And from afar one cried: “Unto what torment<br> + Come ye, who down the hillside are descending?<br> + Tell us from there; if not, I draw the bow.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Master said: “Our answer will we make<br> + To Chiron, near you there; in evil hour,<br> + That will of thine was evermore so hasty.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then touched he me, and said: “This one is Nessus,<br> + Who perished for the lovely Dejanira,<br> + And for himself, himself did vengeance take. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he in the midst, who at his breast is gazing,<br> + Is the great Chiron, who brought up Achilles;<br> + That other Pholus is, who was so wrathful. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thousands and thousands go about the moat<br> + Shooting with shafts whatever soul emerges<br> + Out of the blood, more than his crime allots.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Near we approached unto those monsters fleet;<br> + Chiron an arrow took, and with the notch<br> + Backward upon his jaws he put his beard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After he had uncovered his great mouth,<br> + He said to his companions: “Are you ware<br> + That he behind moveth whate’er he touches? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus are not wont to do the feet of dead men.”<br> + And my good Guide, who now was at his breast,<br> + Where the two natures are together joined, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Replied: “Indeed he lives, and thus alone<br> + Me it behoves to show him the dark valley;<br> + Necessity, and not delight, impels us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Some one withdrew from singing Halleluja,<br> + Who unto me committed this new office;<br> + No thief is he, nor I a thievish spirit. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But by that virtue through which I am moving<br> + My steps along this savage thoroughfare,<br> + Give us some one of thine, to be with us, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And who may show us where to pass the ford,<br> + And who may carry this one on his back;<br> + For ’tis no spirit that can walk the air.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon his right breast Chiron wheeled about,<br> + And said to Nessus: “Turn and do thou guide them,<br> + And warn aside, if other band may meet you.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We with our faithful escort onward moved<br> + Along the brink of the vermilion boiling,<br> + Wherein the boiled were uttering loud laments. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +People I saw within up to the eyebrows,<br> + And the great Centaur said: “Tyrants are these,<br> + Who dealt in bloodshed and in pillaging. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here they lament their pitiless mischiefs; here<br> + Is Alexander, and fierce Dionysius<br> + Who upon Sicily brought dolorous years. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That forehead there which has the hair so black<br> + Is Azzolin; and the other who is blond,<br> + Obizzo is of Esti, who, in truth, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Up in the world was by his stepson slain.”<br> + Then turned I to the Poet; and he said,<br> + “Now he be first to thee, and second I.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A little farther on the Centaur stopped<br> + Above a folk, who far down as the throat<br> + Seemed from that boiling stream to issue forth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A shade he showed us on one side alone,<br> + Saying: “He cleft asunder in God’s bosom<br> + The heart that still upon the Thames is honoured.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then people saw I, who from out the river<br> + Lifted their heads and also all the chest;<br> + And many among these I recognised. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus ever more and more grew shallower<br> + That blood, so that the feet alone it covered;<br> + And there across the moat our passage was. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Even as thou here upon this side beholdest<br> + The boiling stream, that aye diminishes,”<br> + The Centaur said, “I wish thee to believe +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That on this other more and more declines<br> + Its bed, until it reunites itself<br> + Where it behoveth tyranny to groan. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Justice divine, upon this side, is goading<br> + That Attila, who was a scourge on earth,<br> + And Pyrrhus, and Sextus; and for ever milks +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The tears which with the boiling it unseals<br> + In Rinier da Corneto and Rinier Pazzo,<br> + Who made upon the highways so much war.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then back he turned, and passed again the ford. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XIII"></a>Inferno: Canto XIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not yet had Nessus reached the other side,<br> + When we had put ourselves within a wood,<br> + That was not marked by any path whatever. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not foliage green, but of a dusky colour,<br> + Not branches smooth, but gnarled and intertangled,<br> + Not apple-trees were there, but thorns with poison. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such tangled thickets have not, nor so dense,<br> + Those savage wild beasts, that in hatred hold<br> + ’Twixt Cecina and Corneto the tilled places. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There do the hideous Harpies make their nests,<br> + Who chased the Trojans from the Strophades,<br> + With sad announcement of impending doom; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Broad wings have they, and necks and faces human,<br> + And feet with claws, and their great bellies fledged;<br> + They make laments upon the wondrous trees. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the good Master: “Ere thou enter farther,<br> + Know that thou art within the second round,”<br> + Thus he began to say, “and shalt be, till +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou comest out upon the horrible sand;<br> + Therefore look well around, and thou shalt see<br> + Things that will credence give unto my speech.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I heard on all sides lamentations uttered,<br> + And person none beheld I who might make them,<br> + Whence, utterly bewildered, I stood still. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I think he thought that I perhaps might think<br> + So many voices issued through those trunks<br> + From people who concealed themselves from us; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore the Master said: “If thou break off<br> + Some little spray from any of these trees,<br> + The thoughts thou hast will wholly be made vain.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then stretched I forth my hand a little forward,<br> + And plucked a branchlet off from a great thorn;<br> + And the trunk cried, “Why dost thou mangle me?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After it had become embrowned with blood,<br> + It recommenced its cry: “Why dost thou rend me?<br> + Hast thou no spirit of pity whatsoever? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Men once we were, and now are changed to trees;<br> + Indeed, thy hand should be more pitiful,<br> + Even if the souls of serpents we had been.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As out of a green brand, that is on fire<br> + At one of the ends, and from the other drips<br> + And hisses with the wind that is escaping; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So from that splinter issued forth together<br> + Both words and blood; whereat I let the tip<br> + Fall, and stood like a man who is afraid. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Had he been able sooner to believe,”<br> + My Sage made answer, “O thou wounded soul,<br> + What only in my verses he has seen, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not upon thee had he stretched forth his hand;<br> + Whereas the thing incredible has caused me<br> + To put him to an act which grieveth me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell him who thou wast, so that by way<br> + Of some amends thy fame he may refresh<br> + Up in the world, to which he can return.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the trunk said: “So thy sweet words allure me,<br> + I cannot silent be; and you be vexed not,<br> + That I a little to discourse am tempted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I am the one who both keys had in keeping<br> + Of Frederick’s heart, and turned them to and fro<br> + So softly in unlocking and in locking, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That from his secrets most men I withheld;<br> + Fidelity I bore the glorious office<br> + So great, I lost thereby my sleep and pulses. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The courtesan who never from the dwelling<br> + Of Caesar turned aside her strumpet eyes,<br> + Death universal and the vice of courts, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Inflamed against me all the other minds,<br> + And they, inflamed, did so inflame Augustus,<br> + That my glad honours turned to dismal mournings. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My spirit, in disdainful exultation,<br> + Thinking by dying to escape disdain,<br> + Made me unjust against myself, the just. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I, by the roots unwonted of this wood,<br> + Do swear to you that never broke I faith<br> + Unto my lord, who was so worthy of honour; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to the world if one of you return,<br> + Let him my memory comfort, which is lying<br> + Still prostrate from the blow that envy dealt it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Waited awhile, and then: “Since he is silent,”<br> + The Poet said to me, “lose not the time,<br> + But speak, and question him, if more may please thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I to him: “Do thou again inquire<br> + Concerning what thou thinks’t will satisfy me;<br> + For I cannot, such pity is in my heart.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore he recommenced: “So may the man<br> + Do for thee freely what thy speech implores,<br> + Spirit incarcerate, again be pleased +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To tell us in what way the soul is bound<br> + Within these knots; and tell us, if thou canst,<br> + If any from such members e’er is freed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then blew the trunk amain, and afterward<br> + The wind was into such a voice converted:<br> + “With brevity shall be replied to you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When the exasperated soul abandons<br> + The body whence it rent itself away,<br> + Minos consigns it to the seventh abyss. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It falls into the forest, and no part<br> + Is chosen for it; but where Fortune hurls it,<br> + There like a grain of spelt it germinates. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It springs a sapling, and a forest tree;<br> + The Harpies, feeding then upon its leaves,<br> + Do pain create, and for the pain an outlet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Like others for our spoils shall we return;<br> + But not that any one may them revest,<br> + For ’tis not just to have what one casts off. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here we shall drag them, and along the dismal<br> + Forest our bodies shall suspended be,<br> + Each to the thorn of his molested shade.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We were attentive still unto the trunk,<br> + Thinking that more it yet might wish to tell us,<br> + When by a tumult we were overtaken, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the same way as he is who perceives<br> + The boar and chase approaching to his stand,<br> + Who hears the crashing of the beasts and branches; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And two behold! upon our left-hand side,<br> + Naked and scratched, fleeing so furiously,<br> + That of the forest, every fan they broke. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who was in advance: “Now help, Death, help!”<br> + And the other one, who seemed to lag too much,<br> + Was shouting: “Lano, were not so alert +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those legs of thine at joustings of the Toppo!”<br> + And then, perchance because his breath was failing,<br> + He grouped himself together with a bush. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behind them was the forest full of black<br> + She-mastiffs, ravenous, and swift of foot<br> + As greyhounds, who are issuing from the chain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On him who had crouched down they set their teeth,<br> + And him they lacerated piece by piece,<br> + Thereafter bore away those aching members. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereat my Escort took me by the hand,<br> + And led me to the bush, that all in vain<br> + Was weeping from its bloody lacerations. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O Jacopo,” it said, “of Sant’ Andrea,<br> + What helped it thee of me to make a screen?<br> + What blame have I in thy nefarious life?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When near him had the Master stayed his steps,<br> + He said: “Who wast thou, that through wounds so many<br> + Art blowing out with blood thy dolorous speech?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to us: “O souls, that hither come<br> + To look upon the shameful massacre<br> + That has so rent away from me my leaves, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gather them up beneath the dismal bush;<br> + I of that city was which to the Baptist<br> + Changed its first patron, wherefore he for this +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Forever with his art will make it sad.<br> + And were it not that on the pass of Arno<br> + Some glimpses of him are remaining still, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those citizens, who afterwards rebuilt it<br> + Upon the ashes left by Attila,<br> + In vain had caused their labour to be done. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of my own house I made myself a gibbet.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XIV"></a>Inferno: Canto XIV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because the charity of my native place<br> + Constrained me, gathered I the scattered leaves,<br> + And gave them back to him, who now was hoarse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then came we to the confine, where disparted<br> + The second round is from the third, and where<br> + A horrible form of Justice is beheld. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Clearly to manifest these novel things,<br> + I say that we arrived upon a plain,<br> + Which from its bed rejecteth every plant; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The dolorous forest is a garland to it<br> + All round about, as the sad moat to that;<br> + There close upon the edge we stayed our feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The soil was of an arid and thick sand,<br> + Not of another fashion made than that<br> + Which by the feet of Cato once was pressed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Vengeance of God, O how much oughtest thou<br> + By each one to be dreaded, who doth read<br> + That which was manifest unto mine eyes! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of naked souls beheld I many herds,<br> + Who all were weeping very miserably,<br> + And over them seemed set a law diverse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Supine upon the ground some folk were lying;<br> + And some were sitting all drawn up together,<br> + And others went about continually. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those who were going round were far the more,<br> + And those were less who lay down to their torment,<br> + But had their tongues more loosed to lamentation. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O’er all the sand-waste, with a gradual fall,<br> + Were raining down dilated flakes of fire,<br> + As of the snow on Alp without a wind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As Alexander, in those torrid parts<br> + Of India, beheld upon his host<br> + Flames fall unbroken till they reached the ground. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he provided with his phalanxes<br> + To trample down the soil, because the vapour<br> + Better extinguished was while it was single; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus was descending the eternal heat,<br> + Whereby the sand was set on fire, like tinder<br> + Beneath the steel, for doubling of the dole. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Without repose forever was the dance<br> + Of miserable hands, now there, now here,<br> + Shaking away from off them the fresh gleeds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Master,” began I, “thou who overcomest<br> + All things except the demons dire, that issued<br> + Against us at the entrance of the gate, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who is that mighty one who seems to heed not<br> + The fire, and lieth lowering and disdainful,<br> + So that the rain seems not to ripen him?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he himself, who had become aware<br> + That I was questioning my Guide about him,<br> + Cried: “Such as I was living, am I, dead. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If Jove should weary out his smith, from whom<br> + He seized in anger the sharp thunderbolt,<br> + Wherewith upon the last day I was smitten, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if he wearied out by turns the others<br> + In Mongibello at the swarthy forge,<br> + Vociferating, ‘Help, good Vulcan, help!’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as he did there at the fight of Phlegra,<br> + And shot his bolts at me with all his might,<br> + He would not have thereby a joyous vengeance.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then did my Leader speak with such great force,<br> + That I had never heard him speak so loud:<br> + “O Capaneus, in that is not extinguished +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thine arrogance, thou punished art the more;<br> + Not any torment, saving thine own rage,<br> + Would be unto thy fury pain complete.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he turned round to me with better lip,<br> + Saying: “One of the Seven Kings was he<br> + Who Thebes besieged, and held, and seems to hold +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +God in disdain, and little seems to prize him;<br> + But, as I said to him, his own despites<br> + Are for his breast the fittest ornaments. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now follow me, and mind thou do not place<br> + As yet thy feet upon the burning sand,<br> + But always keep them close unto the wood.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Speaking no word, we came to where there gushes<br> + Forth from the wood a little rivulet,<br> + Whose redness makes my hair still stand on end. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As from the Bulicame springs the brooklet,<br> + The sinful women later share among them,<br> + So downward through the sand it went its way. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The bottom of it, and both sloping banks,<br> + Were made of stone, and the margins at the side;<br> + Whence I perceived that there the passage was. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“In all the rest which I have shown to thee<br> + Since we have entered in within the gate<br> + Whose threshold unto no one is denied, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nothing has been discovered by thine eyes<br> + So notable as is the present river,<br> + Which all the little flames above it quenches.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These words were of my Leader; whence I prayed him<br> + That he would give me largess of the food,<br> + For which he had given me largess of desire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“In the mid-sea there sits a wasted land,”<br> + Said he thereafterward, “whose name is Crete,<br> + Under whose king the world of old was chaste. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There is a mountain there, that once was glad<br> + With waters and with leaves, which was called Ida;<br> + Now ’tis deserted, as a thing worn out. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Rhea once chose it for the faithful cradle<br> + Of her own son; and to conceal him better,<br> + Whene’er he cried, she there had clamours made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A grand old man stands in the mount erect,<br> + Who holds his shoulders turned tow’rds Damietta,<br> + And looks at Rome as if it were his mirror. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His head is fashioned of refined gold,<br> + And of pure silver are the arms and breast;<br> + Then he is brass as far down as the fork. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From that point downward all is chosen iron,<br> + Save that the right foot is of kiln-baked clay,<br> + And more he stands on that than on the other. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each part, except the gold, is by a fissure<br> + Asunder cleft, that dripping is with tears,<br> + Which gathered together perforate that cavern. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From rock to rock they fall into this valley;<br> + Acheron, Styx, and Phlegethon they form;<br> + Then downward go along this narrow sluice +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto that point where is no more descending.<br> + They form Cocytus; what that pool may be<br> + Thou shalt behold, so here ’tis not narrated.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “If so the present runnel<br> + Doth take its rise in this way from our world,<br> + Why only on this verge appears it to us?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Thou knowest the place is round,<br> + And notwithstanding thou hast journeyed far,<br> + Still to the left descending to the bottom, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou hast not yet through all the circle turned.<br> + Therefore if something new appear to us,<br> + It should not bring amazement to thy face.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I again: “Master, where shall be found<br> + Lethe and Phlegethon, for of one thou’rt silent,<br> + And sayest the other of this rain is made?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“In all thy questions truly thou dost please me,”<br> + Replied he; “but the boiling of the red<br> + Water might well solve one of them thou makest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou shalt see Lethe, but outside this moat,<br> + There where the souls repair to lave themselves,<br> + When sin repented of has been removed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said he: “It is time now to abandon<br> + The wood; take heed that thou come after me;<br> + A way the margins make that are not burning, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And over them all vapours are extinguished.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XV"></a>Inferno: Canto XV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now bears us onward one of the hard margins,<br> + And so the brooklet’s mist o’ershadows it,<br> + From fire it saves the water and the dikes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the Flemings, ’twixt Cadsand and Bruges,<br> + Fearing the flood that tow’rds them hurls itself,<br> + Their bulwarks build to put the sea to flight; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as the Paduans along the Brenta,<br> + To guard their villas and their villages,<br> + Or ever Chiarentana feel the heat; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In such similitude had those been made,<br> + Albeit not so lofty nor so thick,<br> + Whoever he might be, the master made them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now were we from the forest so remote,<br> + I could not have discovered where it was,<br> + Even if backward I had turned myself, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we a company of souls encountered,<br> + Who came beside the dike, and every one<br> + Gazed at us, as at evening we are wont +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To eye each other under a new moon,<br> + And so towards us sharpened they their brows<br> + As an old tailor at the needle’s eye. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus scrutinised by such a family,<br> + By some one I was recognised, who seized<br> + My garment’s hem, and cried out, “What a marvel!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, when he stretched forth his arm to me,<br> + On his baked aspect fastened so mine eyes,<br> + That the scorched countenance prevented not +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His recognition by my intellect;<br> + And bowing down my face unto his own,<br> + I made reply, “Are you here, Ser Brunetto?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he: “May’t not displease thee, O my son,<br> + If a brief space with thee Brunetto Latini<br> + Backward return and let the trail go on.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I said to him: “With all my power I ask it;<br> + And if you wish me to sit down with you,<br> + I will, if he please, for I go with him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O son,” he said, “whoever of this herd<br> + A moment stops, lies then a hundred years,<br> + Nor fans himself when smiteth him the fire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore go on; I at thy skirts will come,<br> + And afterward will I rejoin my band,<br> + Which goes lamenting its eternal doom.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I did not dare to go down from the road<br> + Level to walk with him; but my head bowed<br> + I held as one who goeth reverently. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he began: “What fortune or what fate<br> + Before the last day leadeth thee down here?<br> + And who is this that showeth thee the way?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Up there above us in the life serene,”<br> + I answered him, “I lost me in a valley,<br> + Or ever yet my age had been completed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But yestermorn I turned my back upon it;<br> + This one appeared to me, returning thither,<br> + And homeward leadeth me along this road.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “If thou thy star do follow,<br> + Thou canst not fail thee of a glorious port,<br> + If well I judged in the life beautiful. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if I had not died so prematurely,<br> + Seeing Heaven thus benignant unto thee,<br> + I would have given thee comfort in the work. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But that ungrateful and malignant people,<br> + Which of old time from Fesole descended,<br> + And smacks still of the mountain and the granite, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Will make itself, for thy good deeds, thy foe;<br> + And it is right; for among crabbed sorbs<br> + It ill befits the sweet fig to bear fruit. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Old rumour in the world proclaims them blind;<br> + A people avaricious, envious, proud;<br> + Take heed that of their customs thou do cleanse thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy fortune so much honour doth reserve thee,<br> + One party and the other shall be hungry<br> + For thee; but far from goat shall be the grass. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Their litter let the beasts of Fesole<br> + Make of themselves, nor let them touch the plant,<br> + If any still upon their dunghill rise, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In which may yet revive the consecrated<br> + Seed of those Romans, who remained there when<br> + The nest of such great malice it became.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If my entreaty wholly were fulfilled,”<br> + Replied I to him, “not yet would you be<br> + In banishment from human nature placed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For in my mind is fixed, and touches now<br> + My heart the dear and good paternal image<br> + Of you, when in the world from hour to hour +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +You taught me how a man becomes eternal;<br> + And how much I am grateful, while I live<br> + Behoves that in my language be discerned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What you narrate of my career I write,<br> + And keep it to be glossed with other text<br> + By a Lady who can do it, if I reach her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This much will I have manifest to you;<br> + Provided that my conscience do not chide me,<br> + For whatsoever Fortune I am ready. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such handsel is not new unto mine ears;<br> + Therefore let Fortune turn her wheel around<br> + As it may please her, and the churl his mattock.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Master thereupon on his right cheek<br> + Did backward turn himself, and looked at me;<br> + Then said: “He listeneth well who noteth it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor speaking less on that account, I go<br> + With Ser Brunetto, and I ask who are<br> + His most known and most eminent companions. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “To know of some is well;<br> + Of others it were laudable to be silent,<br> + For short would be the time for so much speech. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Know them in sum, that all of them were clerks,<br> + And men of letters great and of great fame,<br> + In the world tainted with the selfsame sin. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Priscian goes yonder with that wretched crowd,<br> + And Francis of Accorso; and thou hadst seen there<br> + If thou hadst had a hankering for such scurf, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That one, who by the Servant of the Servants<br> + From Arno was transferred to Bacchiglione,<br> + Where he has left his sin-excited nerves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More would I say, but coming and discoursing<br> + Can be no longer; for that I behold<br> + New smoke uprising yonder from the sand. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A people comes with whom I may not be;<br> + Commended unto thee be my Tesoro,<br> + In which I still live, and no more I ask.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he turned round, and seemed to be of those<br> + Who at Verona run for the Green Mantle<br> + Across the plain; and seemed to be among them +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The one who wins, and not the one who loses. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XVI"></a>Inferno: Canto XVI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now was I where was heard the reverberation<br> + Of water falling into the next round,<br> + Like to that humming which the beehives make, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When shadows three together started forth,<br> + Running, from out a company that passed<br> + Beneath the rain of the sharp martyrdom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Towards us came they, and each one cried out:<br> + “Stop, thou; for by thy garb to us thou seemest<br> + To be some one of our depraved city.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah me! what wounds I saw upon their limbs,<br> + Recent and ancient by the flames burnt in!<br> + It pains me still but to remember it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto their cries my Teacher paused attentive;<br> + He turned his face towards me, and “Now wait,”<br> + He said; “to these we should be courteous. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if it were not for the fire that darts<br> + The nature of this region, I should say<br> + That haste were more becoming thee than them.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as we stood still, they recommenced<br> + The old refrain, and when they overtook us,<br> + Formed of themselves a wheel, all three of them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As champions stripped and oiled are wont to do,<br> + Watching for their advantage and their hold,<br> + Before they come to blows and thrusts between them, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus, wheeling round, did every one his visage<br> + Direct to me, so that in opposite wise<br> + His neck and feet continual journey made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, “If the misery of this soft place<br> + Bring in disdain ourselves and our entreaties,”<br> + Began one, “and our aspect black and blistered, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let the renown of us thy mind incline<br> + To tell us who thou art, who thus securely<br> + Thy living feet dost move along through Hell. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He in whose footprints thou dost see me treading,<br> + Naked and skinless though he now may go,<br> + Was of a greater rank than thou dost think; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He was the grandson of the good Gualdrada;<br> + His name was Guidoguerra, and in life<br> + Much did he with his wisdom and his sword. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other, who close by me treads the sand,<br> + Tegghiaio Aldobrandi is, whose fame<br> + Above there in the world should welcome be. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who with them on the cross am placed,<br> + Jacopo Rusticucci was; and truly<br> + My savage wife, more than aught else, doth harm me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Could I have been protected from the fire,<br> + Below I should have thrown myself among them,<br> + And think the Teacher would have suffered it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But as I should have burned and baked myself,<br> + My terror overmastered my good will,<br> + Which made me greedy of embracing them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then I began: “Sorrow and not disdain<br> + Did your condition fix within me so,<br> + That tardily it wholly is stripped off, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as this my Lord said unto me<br> + Words, on account of which I thought within me<br> + That people such as you are were approaching. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I of your city am; and evermore<br> + Your labours and your honourable names<br> + I with affection have retraced and heard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I leave the gall, and go for the sweet fruits<br> + Promised to me by the veracious Leader;<br> + But to the centre first I needs must plunge.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“So may the soul for a long while conduct<br> + Those limbs of thine,” did he make answer then,<br> + “And so may thy renown shine after thee, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Valour and courtesy, say if they dwell<br> + Within our city, as they used to do,<br> + Or if they wholly have gone out of it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For Guglielmo Borsier, who is in torment<br> + With us of late, and goes there with his comrades,<br> + Doth greatly mortify us with his words.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The new inhabitants and the sudden gains,<br> + Pride and extravagance have in thee engendered,<br> + Florence, so that thou weep’st thereat already!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In this wise I exclaimed with face uplifted;<br> + And the three, taking that for my reply,<br> + Looked at each other, as one looks at truth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If other times so little it doth cost thee,”<br> + Replied they all, “to satisfy another,<br> + Happy art thou, thus speaking at thy will! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore, if thou escape from these dark places,<br> + And come to rebehold the beauteous stars,<br> + When it shall pleasure thee to say, ‘I was,’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +See that thou speak of us unto the people.”<br> + Then they broke up the wheel, and in their flight<br> + It seemed as if their agile legs were wings. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not an Amen could possibly be said<br> + So rapidly as they had disappeared;<br> + Wherefore the Master deemed best to depart. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I followed him, and little had we gone,<br> + Before the sound of water was so near us,<br> + That speaking we should hardly have been heard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as that stream which holdeth its own course<br> + The first from Monte Veso tow’rds the East,<br> + Upon the left-hand slope of Apennine, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which is above called Acquacheta, ere<br> + It down descendeth into its low bed,<br> + And at Forli is vacant of that name, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Reverberates there above San Benedetto<br> + From Alps, by falling at a single leap,<br> + Where for a thousand there were room enough; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus downward from a bank precipitate,<br> + We found resounding that dark-tinted water,<br> + So that it soon the ear would have offended. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I had a cord around about me girt,<br> + And therewithal I whilom had designed<br> + To take the panther with the painted skin. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After I this had all from me unloosed,<br> + As my Conductor had commanded me,<br> + I reached it to him, gathered up and coiled, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat he turned himself to the right side,<br> + And at a little distance from the verge,<br> + He cast it down into that deep abyss. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“It must needs be some novelty respond,”<br> + I said within myself, “to the new signal<br> + The Master with his eye is following so.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah me! how very cautious men should be<br> + With those who not alone behold the act,<br> + But with their wisdom look into the thoughts! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He said to me: “Soon there will upward come<br> + What I await; and what thy thought is dreaming<br> + Must soon reveal itself unto thy sight.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Aye to that truth which has the face of falsehood,<br> + A man should close his lips as far as may be,<br> + Because without his fault it causes shame; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But here I cannot; and, Reader, by the notes<br> + Of this my Comedy to thee I swear,<br> + So may they not be void of lasting favour, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Athwart that dense and darksome atmosphere<br> + I saw a figure swimming upward come,<br> + Marvellous unto every steadfast heart, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as he returns who goeth down<br> + Sometimes to clear an anchor, which has grappled<br> + Reef, or aught else that in the sea is hidden, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who upward stretches, and draws in his feet. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XVII"></a>Inferno: Canto XVII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Behold the monster with the pointed tail,<br> + Who cleaves the hills, and breaketh walls and weapons,<br> + Behold him who infecteth all the world.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus unto me my Guide began to say,<br> + And beckoned him that he should come to shore,<br> + Near to the confine of the trodden marble; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that uncleanly image of deceit<br> + Came up and thrust ashore its head and bust,<br> + But on the border did not drag its tail. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The face was as the face of a just man,<br> + Its semblance outwardly was so benign,<br> + And of a serpent all the trunk beside. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Two paws it had, hairy unto the armpits;<br> + The back, and breast, and both the sides it had<br> + Depicted o’er with nooses and with shields. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With colours more, groundwork or broidery<br> + Never in cloth did Tartars make nor Turks,<br> + Nor were such tissues by Arachne laid. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As sometimes wherries lie upon the shore,<br> + That part are in the water, part on land;<br> + And as among the guzzling Germans there, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The beaver plants himself to wage his war;<br> + So that vile monster lay upon the border,<br> + Which is of stone, and shutteth in the sand. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His tail was wholly quivering in the void,<br> + Contorting upwards the envenomed fork,<br> + That in the guise of scorpion armed its point. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Guide said: “Now perforce must turn aside<br> + Our way a little, even to that beast<br> + Malevolent, that yonder coucheth him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We therefore on the right side descended,<br> + And made ten steps upon the outer verge,<br> + Completely to avoid the sand and flame; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And after we are come to him, I see<br> + A little farther off upon the sand<br> + A people sitting near the hollow place. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said to me the Master: “So that full<br> + Experience of this round thou bear away,<br> + Now go and see what their condition is. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There let thy conversation be concise;<br> + Till thou returnest I will speak with him,<br> + That he concede to us his stalwart shoulders.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus farther still upon the outermost<br> + Head of that seventh circle all alone<br> + I went, where sat the melancholy folk. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Out of their eyes was gushing forth their woe;<br> + This way, that way, they helped them with their hands<br> + Now from the flames and now from the hot soil. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not otherwise in summer do the dogs,<br> + Now with the foot, now with the muzzle, when<br> + By fleas, or flies, or gadflies, they are bitten. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I had turned mine eyes upon the faces<br> + Of some, on whom the dolorous fire is falling,<br> + Not one of them I knew; but I perceived +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That from the neck of each there hung a pouch,<br> + Which certain colour had, and certain blazon;<br> + And thereupon it seems their eyes are feeding. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as I gazing round me come among them,<br> + Upon a yellow pouch I azure saw<br> + That had the face and posture of a lion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Proceeding then the current of my sight,<br> + Another of them saw I, red as blood,<br> + Display a goose more white than butter is. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one, who with an azure sow and gravid<br> + Emblazoned had his little pouch of white,<br> + Said unto me: “What dost thou in this moat? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now get thee gone; and since thou’rt still alive,<br> + Know that a neighbour of mine, Vitaliano,<br> + Will have his seat here on my left-hand side. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A Paduan am I with these Florentines;<br> + Full many a time they thunder in mine ears,<br> + Exclaiming, ‘Come the sovereign cavalier, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who shall bring the satchel with three goats;’”<br> + Then twisted he his mouth, and forth he thrust<br> + His tongue, like to an ox that licks its nose. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And fearing lest my longer stay might vex<br> + Him who had warned me not to tarry long,<br> + Backward I turned me from those weary souls. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I found my Guide, who had already mounted<br> + Upon the back of that wild animal,<br> + And said to me: “Now be both strong and bold. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now we descend by stairways such as these;<br> + Mount thou in front, for I will be midway,<br> + So that the tail may have no power to harm thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such as he is who has so near the ague<br> + Of quartan that his nails are blue already,<br> + And trembles all, but looking at the shade; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even such became I at those proffered words;<br> + But shame in me his menaces produced,<br> + Which maketh servant strong before good master. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I seated me upon those monstrous shoulders;<br> + I wished to say, and yet the voice came not<br> + As I believed, “Take heed that thou embrace me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But he, who other times had rescued me<br> + In other peril, soon as I had mounted,<br> + Within his arms encircled and sustained me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said: “Now, Geryon, bestir thyself;<br> + The circles large, and the descent be little;<br> + Think of the novel burden which thou hast.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the little vessel shoves from shore,<br> + Backward, still backward, so he thence withdrew;<br> + And when he wholly felt himself afloat, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There where his breast had been he turned his tail,<br> + And that extended like an eel he moved,<br> + And with his paws drew to himself the air. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A greater fear I do not think there was<br> + What time abandoned Phaeton the reins,<br> + Whereby the heavens, as still appears, were scorched; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor when the wretched Icarus his flanks<br> + Felt stripped of feathers by the melting wax,<br> + His father crying, “An ill way thou takest!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than was my own, when I perceived myself<br> + On all sides in the air, and saw extinguished<br> + The sight of everything but of the monster. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Onward he goeth, swimming slowly, slowly;<br> + Wheels and descends, but I perceive it only<br> + By wind upon my face and from below. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I heard already on the right the whirlpool<br> + Making a horrible crashing under us;<br> + Whence I thrust out my head with eyes cast downward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then was I still more fearful of the abyss;<br> + Because I fires beheld, and heard laments,<br> + Whereat I, trembling, all the closer cling. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw then, for before I had not seen it,<br> + The turning and descending, by great horrors<br> + That were approaching upon divers sides. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As falcon who has long been on the wing,<br> + Who, without seeing either lure or bird,<br> + Maketh the falconer say, “Ah me, thou stoopest,” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Descendeth weary, whence he started swiftly,<br> + Thorough a hundred circles, and alights<br> + Far from his master, sullen and disdainful; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus did Geryon place us on the bottom,<br> + Close to the bases of the rough-hewn rock,<br> + And being disencumbered of our persons, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He sped away as arrow from the string. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XVIII"></a>Inferno: Canto XVIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +There is a place in Hell called Malebolge,<br> + Wholly of stone and of an iron colour,<br> + As is the circle that around it turns. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Right in the middle of the field malign<br> + There yawns a well exceeding wide and deep,<br> + Of which its place the structure will recount. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Round, then, is that enclosure which remains<br> + Between the well and foot of the high, hard bank,<br> + And has distinct in valleys ten its bottom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As where for the protection of the walls<br> + Many and many moats surround the castles,<br> + The part in which they are a figure forms, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Just such an image those presented there;<br> + And as about such strongholds from their gates<br> + Unto the outer bank are little bridges, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So from the precipice’s base did crags<br> + Project, which intersected dikes and moats,<br> + Unto the well that truncates and collects them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within this place, down shaken from the back<br> + Of Geryon, we found us; and the Poet<br> + Held to the left, and I moved on behind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon my right hand I beheld new anguish,<br> + New torments, and new wielders of the lash,<br> + Wherewith the foremost Bolgia was replete. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Down at the bottom were the sinners naked;<br> + This side the middle came they facing us,<br> + Beyond it, with us, but with greater steps; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the Romans, for the mighty host,<br> + The year of Jubilee, upon the bridge,<br> + Have chosen a mode to pass the people over; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For all upon one side towards the Castle<br> + Their faces have, and go unto St. Peter’s;<br> + On the other side they go towards the Mountain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This side and that, along the livid stone<br> + Beheld I horned demons with great scourges,<br> + Who cruelly were beating them behind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah me! how they did make them lift their legs<br> + At the first blows! and sooth not any one<br> + The second waited for, nor for the third. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While I was going on, mine eyes by one<br> + Encountered were; and straight I said: “Already<br> + With sight of this one I am not unfed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore I stayed my feet to make him out,<br> + And with me the sweet Guide came to a stand,<br> + And to my going somewhat back assented; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he, the scourged one, thought to hide himself,<br> + Lowering his face, but little it availed him;<br> + For said I: “Thou that castest down thine eyes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If false are not the features which thou bearest,<br> + Thou art Venedico Caccianimico;<br> + But what doth bring thee to such pungent sauces?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Unwillingly I tell it;<br> + But forces me thine utterance distinct,<br> + Which makes me recollect the ancient world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was the one who the fair Ghisola<br> + Induced to grant the wishes of the Marquis,<br> + Howe’er the shameless story may be told. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not the sole Bolognese am I who weeps here;<br> + Nay, rather is this place so full of them,<br> + That not so many tongues to-day are taught +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twixt Reno and Savena to say ‘sipa;’<br> + And if thereof thou wishest pledge or proof,<br> + Bring to thy mind our avaricious heart.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While speaking in this manner, with his scourge<br> + A demon smote him, and said: “Get thee gone<br> + Pander, there are no women here for coin.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I joined myself again unto mine Escort;<br> + Thereafterward with footsteps few we came<br> + To where a crag projected from the bank. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This very easily did we ascend,<br> + And turning to the right along its ridge,<br> + From those eternal circles we departed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we were there, where it is hollowed out<br> + Beneath, to give a passage to the scourged,<br> + The Guide said: “Wait, and see that on thee strike +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The vision of those others evil-born,<br> + Of whom thou hast not yet beheld the faces,<br> + Because together with us they have gone.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From the old bridge we looked upon the train<br> + Which tow’rds us came upon the other border,<br> + And which the scourges in like manner smite. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the good Master, without my inquiring,<br> + Said to me: “See that tall one who is coming,<br> + And for his pain seems not to shed a tear; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still what a royal aspect he retains!<br> + That Jason is, who by his heart and cunning<br> + The Colchians of the Ram made destitute. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He by the isle of Lemnos passed along<br> + After the daring women pitiless<br> + Had unto death devoted all their males. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There with his tokens and with ornate words<br> + Did he deceive Hypsipyle, the maiden<br> + Who first, herself, had all the rest deceived. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There did he leave her pregnant and forlorn;<br> + Such sin unto such punishment condemns him,<br> + And also for Medea is vengeance done. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With him go those who in such wise deceive;<br> + And this sufficient be of the first valley<br> + To know, and those that in its jaws it holds.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We were already where the narrow path<br> + Crosses athwart the second dike, and forms<br> + Of that a buttress for another arch. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thence we heard people, who are making moan<br> + In the next Bolgia, snorting with their muzzles,<br> + And with their palms beating upon themselves +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The margins were incrusted with a mould<br> + By exhalation from below, that sticks there,<br> + And with the eyes and nostrils wages war. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The bottom is so deep, no place suffices<br> + To give us sight of it, without ascending<br> + The arch’s back, where most the crag impends. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thither we came, and thence down in the moat<br> + I saw a people smothered in a filth<br> + That out of human privies seemed to flow; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And whilst below there with mine eye I search,<br> + I saw one with his head so foul with ordure,<br> + It was not clear if he were clerk or layman. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He screamed to me: “Wherefore art thou so eager<br> + To look at me more than the other foul ones?”<br> + And I to him: “Because, if I remember, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I have already seen thee with dry hair,<br> + And thou’rt Alessio Interminei of Lucca;<br> + Therefore I eye thee more than all the others.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he thereon, belabouring his pumpkin:<br> + “The flatteries have submerged me here below,<br> + Wherewith my tongue was never surfeited.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said to me the Guide: “See that thou thrust<br> + Thy visage somewhat farther in advance,<br> + That with thine eyes thou well the face attain +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of that uncleanly and dishevelled drab,<br> + Who there doth scratch herself with filthy nails,<br> + And crouches now, and now on foot is standing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thais the harlot is it, who replied<br> + Unto her paramour, when he said, ‘Have I<br> + Great gratitude from thee?’—‘Nay, marvellous;’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And herewith let our sight be satisfied.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XIX"></a>Inferno: Canto XIX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Simon Magus, O forlorn disciples,<br> + Ye who the things of God, which ought to be<br> + The brides of holiness, rapaciously +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For silver and for gold do prostitute,<br> + Now it behoves for you the trumpet sound,<br> + Because in this third Bolgia ye abide. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We had already on the following tomb<br> + Ascended to that portion of the crag<br> + Which o’er the middle of the moat hangs plumb. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wisdom supreme, O how great art thou showest<br> + In heaven, in earth, and in the evil world,<br> + And with what justice doth thy power distribute! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw upon the sides and on the bottom<br> + The livid stone with perforations filled,<br> + All of one size, and every one was round. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To me less ample seemed they not, nor greater<br> + Than those that in my beautiful Saint John<br> + Are fashioned for the place of the baptisers, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one of which, not many years ago,<br> + I broke for some one, who was drowning in it;<br> + Be this a seal all men to undeceive. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Out of the mouth of each one there protruded<br> + The feet of a transgressor, and the legs<br> + Up to the calf, the rest within remained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In all of them the soles were both on fire;<br> + Wherefore the joints so violently quivered,<br> + They would have snapped asunder withes and bands. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the flame of unctuous things is wont<br> + To move upon the outer surface only,<br> + So likewise was it there from heel to point. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Master, who is that one who writhes himself,<br> + More than his other comrades quivering,”<br> + I said, “and whom a redder flame is sucking?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “If thou wilt have me bear thee<br> + Down there along that bank which lowest lies,<br> + From him thou’lt know his errors and himself.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “What pleases thee, to me is pleasing;<br> + Thou art my Lord, and knowest that I depart not<br> + From thy desire, and knowest what is not spoken.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Straightway upon the fourth dike we arrived;<br> + We turned, and on the left-hand side descended<br> + Down to the bottom full of holes and narrow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the good Master yet from off his haunch<br> + Deposed me not, till to the hole he brought me<br> + Of him who so lamented with his shanks. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Whoe’er thou art, that standest upside down,<br> + O doleful soul, implanted like a stake,”<br> + To say began I, “if thou canst, speak out.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I stood even as the friar who is confessing<br> + The false assassin, who, when he is fixed,<br> + Recalls him, so that death may be delayed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he cried out: “Dost thou stand there already,<br> + Dost thou stand there already, Boniface?<br> + By many years the record lied to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Art thou so early satiate with that wealth,<br> + For which thou didst not fear to take by fraud<br> + The beautiful Lady, and then work her woe?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such I became, as people are who stand,<br> + Not comprehending what is answered them,<br> + As if bemocked, and know not how to answer. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said Virgilius: “Say to him straightway,<br> + ‘I am not he, I am not he thou thinkest.’”<br> + And I replied as was imposed on me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat the spirit writhed with both his feet,<br> + Then, sighing, with a voice of lamentation<br> + Said to me: “Then what wantest thou of me? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If who I am thou carest so much to know,<br> + That thou on that account hast crossed the bank,<br> + Know that I vested was with the great mantle; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And truly was I son of the She-bear,<br> + So eager to advance the cubs, that wealth<br> + Above, and here myself, I pocketed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beneath my head the others are dragged down<br> + Who have preceded me in simony,<br> + Flattened along the fissure of the rock. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Below there I shall likewise fall, whenever<br> + That one shall come who I believed thou wast,<br> + What time the sudden question I proposed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But longer I my feet already toast,<br> + And here have been in this way upside down,<br> + Than he will planted stay with reddened feet; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For after him shall come of fouler deed<br> + From tow’rds the west a Pastor without law,<br> + Such as befits to cover him and me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +New Jason will he be, of whom we read<br> + In Maccabees; and as his king was pliant,<br> + So he who governs France shall be to this one.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I do not know if I were here too bold,<br> + That him I answered only in this metre:<br> + “I pray thee tell me now how great a treasure +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Our Lord demanded of Saint Peter first,<br> + Before he put the keys into his keeping?<br> + Truly he nothing asked but ‘Follow me.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor Peter nor the rest asked of Matthias<br> + Silver or gold, when he by lot was chosen<br> + Unto the place the guilty soul had lost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore stay here, for thou art justly punished,<br> + And keep safe guard o’er the ill-gotten money,<br> + Which caused thee to be valiant against Charles. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And were it not that still forbids it me<br> + The reverence for the keys superlative<br> + Thou hadst in keeping in the gladsome life, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I would make use of words more grievous still;<br> + Because your avarice afflicts the world,<br> + Trampling the good and lifting the depraved. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Evangelist you Pastors had in mind,<br> + When she who sitteth upon many waters<br> + To fornicate with kings by him was seen; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The same who with the seven heads was born,<br> + And power and strength from the ten horns received,<br> + So long as virtue to her spouse was pleasing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ye have made yourselves a god of gold and silver;<br> + And from the idolater how differ ye,<br> + Save that he one, and ye a hundred worship? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah, Constantine! of how much ill was mother,<br> + Not thy conversion, but that marriage dower<br> + Which the first wealthy Father took from thee!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And while I sang to him such notes as these,<br> + Either that anger or that conscience stung him,<br> + He struggled violently with both his feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I think in sooth that it my Leader pleased,<br> + With such contented lip he listened ever<br> + Unto the sound of the true words expressed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore with both his arms he took me up,<br> + And when he had me all upon his breast,<br> + Remounted by the way where he descended. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor did he tire to have me clasped to him;<br> + But bore me to the summit of the arch<br> + Which from the fourth dike to the fifth is passage. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There tenderly he laid his burden down,<br> + Tenderly on the crag uneven and steep,<br> + That would have been hard passage for the goats: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thence was unveiled to me another valley. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XX"></a>Inferno: Canto XX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of a new pain behoves me to make verses<br> + And give material to the twentieth canto<br> + Of the first song, which is of the submerged. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was already thoroughly disposed<br> + To peer down into the uncovered depth,<br> + Which bathed itself with tears of agony; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And people saw I through the circular valley,<br> + Silent and weeping, coming at the pace<br> + Which in this world the Litanies assume. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As lower down my sight descended on them,<br> + Wondrously each one seemed to be distorted<br> + From chin to the beginning of the chest; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For tow’rds the reins the countenance was turned,<br> + And backward it behoved them to advance,<br> + As to look forward had been taken from them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Perchance indeed by violence of palsy<br> + Some one has been thus wholly turned awry;<br> + But I ne’er saw it, nor believe it can be. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As God may let thee, Reader, gather fruit<br> + From this thy reading, think now for thyself<br> + How I could ever keep my face unmoistened, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When our own image near me I beheld<br> + Distorted so, the weeping of the eyes<br> + Along the fissure bathed the hinder parts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truly I wept, leaning upon a peak<br> + Of the hard crag, so that my Escort said<br> + To me: “Art thou, too, of the other fools? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here pity lives when it is wholly dead;<br> + Who is a greater reprobate than he<br> + Who feels compassion at the doom divine? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lift up, lift up thy head, and see for whom<br> + Opened the earth before the Thebans’ eyes;<br> + Wherefore they all cried: ‘Whither rushest thou, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Amphiaraus? Why dost leave the war?’<br> + And downward ceased he not to fall amain<br> + As far as Minos, who lays hold on all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +See, he has made a bosom of his shoulders!<br> + Because he wished to see too far before him<br> + Behind he looks, and backward goes his way: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold Tiresias, who his semblance changed,<br> + When from a male a female he became,<br> + His members being all of them transformed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And afterwards was forced to strike once more<br> + The two entangled serpents with his rod,<br> + Ere he could have again his manly plumes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That Aruns is, who backs the other’s belly,<br> + Who in the hills of Luni, there where grubs<br> + The Carrarese who houses underneath, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Among the marbles white a cavern had<br> + For his abode; whence to behold the stars<br> + And sea, the view was not cut off from him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she there, who is covering up her breasts,<br> + Which thou beholdest not, with loosened tresses,<br> + And on that side has all the hairy skin, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Was Manto, who made quest through many lands,<br> + Afterwards tarried there where I was born;<br> + Whereof I would thou list to me a little. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After her father had from life departed,<br> + And the city of Bacchus had become enslaved,<br> + She a long season wandered through the world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Above in beauteous Italy lies a lake<br> + At the Alp’s foot that shuts in Germany<br> + Over Tyrol, and has the name Benaco. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By a thousand springs, I think, and more, is bathed,<br> + ’Twixt Garda and Val Camonica, Pennino,<br> + With water that grows stagnant in that lake. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Midway a place is where the Trentine Pastor,<br> + And he of Brescia, and the Veronese<br> + Might give his blessing, if he passed that way. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sitteth Peschiera, fortress fair and strong,<br> + To front the Brescians and the Bergamasks,<br> + Where round about the bank descendeth lowest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There of necessity must fall whatever<br> + In bosom of Benaco cannot stay,<br> + And grows a river down through verdant pastures. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Soon as the water doth begin to run,<br> + No more Benaco is it called, but Mincio,<br> + Far as Governo, where it falls in Po. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not far it runs before it finds a plain<br> + In which it spreads itself, and makes it marshy,<br> + And oft ’tis wont in summer to be sickly. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Passing that way the virgin pitiless<br> + Land in the middle of the fen descried,<br> + Untilled and naked of inhabitants; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There to escape all human intercourse,<br> + She with her servants stayed, her arts to practise<br> + And lived, and left her empty body there. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The men, thereafter, who were scattered round,<br> + Collected in that place, which was made strong<br> + By the lagoon it had on every side; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They built their city over those dead bones,<br> + And, after her who first the place selected,<br> + Mantua named it, without other omen. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Its people once within more crowded were,<br> + Ere the stupidity of Casalodi<br> + From Pinamonte had received deceit. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore I caution thee, if e’er thou hearest<br> + Originate my city otherwise,<br> + No falsehood may the verity defraud.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “My Master, thy discourses are<br> + To me so certain, and so take my faith,<br> + That unto me the rest would be spent coals. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me of the people who are passing,<br> + If any one note-worthy thou beholdest,<br> + For only unto that my mind reverts.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said he to me: “He who from the cheek<br> + Thrusts out his beard upon his swarthy shoulders<br> + Was, at the time when Greece was void of males, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that there scarce remained one in the cradle,<br> + An augur, and with Calchas gave the moment,<br> + In Aulis, when to sever the first cable. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Eryphylus his name was, and so sings<br> + My lofty Tragedy in some part or other;<br> + That knowest thou well, who knowest the whole of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The next, who is so slender in the flanks,<br> + Was Michael Scott, who of a verity<br> + Of magical illusions knew the game. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold Guido Bonatti, behold Asdente,<br> + Who now unto his leather and his thread<br> + Would fain have stuck, but he too late repents. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold the wretched ones, who left the needle,<br> + The spool and rock, and made them fortune-tellers;<br> + They wrought their magic spells with herb and image. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But come now, for already holds the confines<br> + Of both the hemispheres, and under Seville<br> + Touches the ocean-wave, Cain and the thorns, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And yesternight the moon was round already;<br> + Thou shouldst remember well it did not harm thee<br> + From time to time within the forest deep.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus spake he to me, and we walked the while. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXI"></a>Inferno: Canto XXI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +From bridge to bridge thus, speaking other things<br> + Of which my Comedy cares not to sing,<br> + We came along, and held the summit, when +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We halted to behold another fissure<br> + Of Malebolge and other vain laments;<br> + And I beheld it marvellously dark. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As in the Arsenal of the Venetians<br> + Boils in the winter the tenacious pitch<br> + To smear their unsound vessels o’er again, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For sail they cannot; and instead thereof<br> + One makes his vessel new, and one recaulks<br> + The ribs of that which many a voyage has made; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One hammers at the prow, one at the stern,<br> + This one makes oars, and that one cordage twists,<br> + Another mends the mainsail and the mizzen; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus, not by fire, but by the art divine,<br> + Was boiling down below there a dense pitch<br> + Which upon every side the bank belimed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw it, but I did not see within it<br> + Aught but the bubbles that the boiling raised,<br> + And all swell up and resubside compressed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The while below there fixedly I gazed,<br> + My Leader, crying out: “Beware, beware!”<br> + Drew me unto himself from where I stood. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then I turned round, as one who is impatient<br> + To see what it behoves him to escape,<br> + And whom a sudden terror doth unman, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who, while he looks, delays not his departure;<br> + And I beheld behind us a black devil,<br> + Running along upon the crag, approach. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah, how ferocious was he in his aspect!<br> + And how he seemed to me in action ruthless,<br> + With open wings and light upon his feet! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His shoulders, which sharp-pointed were and high,<br> + A sinner did encumber with both haunches,<br> + And he held clutched the sinews of the feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From off our bridge, he said: “O Malebranche,<br> + Behold one of the elders of Saint Zita;<br> + Plunge him beneath, for I return for others +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto that town, which is well furnished with them.<br> + All there are barrators, except Bonturo;<br> + No into Yes for money there is changed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He hurled him down, and over the hard crag<br> + Turned round, and never was a mastiff loosened<br> + In so much hurry to pursue a thief. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other sank, and rose again face downward;<br> + But the demons, under cover of the bridge,<br> + Cried: “Here the Santo Volto has no place! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here swims one otherwise than in the Serchio;<br> + Therefore, if for our gaffs thou wishest not,<br> + Do not uplift thyself above the pitch.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They seized him then with more than a hundred rakes;<br> + They said: “It here behoves thee to dance covered,<br> + That, if thou canst, thou secretly mayest pilfer.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not otherwise the cooks their scullions make<br> + Immerse into the middle of the caldron<br> + The meat with hooks, so that it may not float. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Said the good Master to me: “That it be not<br> + Apparent thou art here, crouch thyself down<br> + Behind a jag, that thou mayest have some screen; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And for no outrage that is done to me<br> + Be thou afraid, because these things I know,<br> + For once before was I in such a scuffle.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he passed on beyond the bridge’s head,<br> + And as upon the sixth bank he arrived,<br> + Need was for him to have a steadfast front. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With the same fury, and the same uproar,<br> + As dogs leap out upon a mendicant,<br> + Who on a sudden begs, where’er he stops, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They issued from beneath the little bridge,<br> + And turned against him all their grappling-irons;<br> + But he cried out: “Be none of you malignant! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Before those hooks of yours lay hold of me,<br> + Let one of you step forward, who may hear me,<br> + And then take counsel as to grappling me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They all cried out: “Let Malacoda go;”<br> + Whereat one started, and the rest stood still,<br> + And he came to him, saying: “What avails it?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thinkest thou, Malacoda, to behold me<br> + Advanced into this place,” my Master said,<br> + “Safe hitherto from all your skill of fence, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Without the will divine, and fate auspicious?<br> + Let me go on, for it in Heaven is willed<br> + That I another show this savage road.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then was his arrogance so humbled in him,<br> + That he let fall his grapnel at his feet,<br> + And to the others said: “Now strike him not.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto me my Guide: “O thou, who sittest<br> + Among the splinters of the bridge crouched down,<br> + Securely now return to me again.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore I started and came swiftly to him;<br> + And all the devils forward thrust themselves,<br> + So that I feared they would not keep their compact. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thus beheld I once afraid the soldiers<br> + Who issued under safeguard from Caprona,<br> + Seeing themselves among so many foes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Close did I press myself with all my person<br> + Beside my Leader, and turned not mine eyes<br> + From off their countenance, which was not good. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They lowered their rakes, and “Wilt thou have me hit him,”<br> + They said to one another, “on the rump?”<br> + And answered: “Yes; see that thou nick him with it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But the same demon who was holding parley<br> + With my Conductor turned him very quickly,<br> + And said: “Be quiet, be quiet, Scarmiglione;” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said to us: “You can no farther go<br> + Forward upon this crag, because is lying<br> + All shattered, at the bottom, the sixth arch. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if it still doth please you to go onward,<br> + Pursue your way along upon this rock;<br> + Near is another crag that yields a path. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Yesterday, five hours later than this hour,<br> + One thousand and two hundred sixty-six<br> + Years were complete, that here the way was broken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I send in that direction some of mine<br> + To see if any one doth air himself;<br> + Go ye with them; for they will not be vicious. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Step forward, Alichino and Calcabrina,”<br> + Began he to cry out, “and thou, Cagnazzo;<br> + And Barbariccia, do thou guide the ten. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come forward, Libicocco and Draghignazzo,<br> + And tusked Ciriatto and Graffiacane,<br> + And Farfarello and mad Rubicante; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Search ye all round about the boiling pitch;<br> + Let these be safe as far as the next crag,<br> + That all unbroken passes o’er the dens.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O me! what is it, Master, that I see?<br> + Pray let us go,” I said, “without an escort,<br> + If thou knowest how, since for myself I ask none. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If thou art as observant as thy wont is,<br> + Dost thou not see that they do gnash their teeth,<br> + And with their brows are threatening woe to us?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “I will not have thee fear;<br> + Let them gnash on, according to their fancy,<br> + Because they do it for those boiling wretches.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Along the left-hand dike they wheeled about;<br> + But first had each one thrust his tongue between<br> + His teeth towards their leader for a signal; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he had made a trumpet of his rump. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXII"></a>Inferno: Canto XXII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +I have erewhile seen horsemen moving camp,<br> + Begin the storming, and their muster make,<br> + And sometimes starting off for their escape; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Vaunt-couriers have I seen upon your land,<br> + O Aretines, and foragers go forth,<br> + Tournaments stricken, and the joustings run, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sometimes with trumpets and sometimes with bells,<br> + With kettle-drums, and signals of the castles,<br> + And with our own, and with outlandish things, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But never yet with bagpipe so uncouth<br> + Did I see horsemen move, nor infantry,<br> + Nor ship by any sign of land or star. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We went upon our way with the ten demons;<br> + Ah, savage company! but in the church<br> + With saints, and in the tavern with the gluttons! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ever upon the pitch was my intent,<br> + To see the whole condition of that Bolgia,<br> + And of the people who therein were burned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the dolphins, when they make a sign<br> + To mariners by arching of the back,<br> + That they should counsel take to save their vessel, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus sometimes, to alleviate his pain,<br> + One of the sinners would display his back,<br> + And in less time conceal it than it lightens. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As on the brink of water in a ditch<br> + The frogs stand only with their muzzles out,<br> + So that they hide their feet and other bulk, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So upon every side the sinners stood;<br> + But ever as Barbariccia near them came,<br> + Thus underneath the boiling they withdrew. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw, and still my heart doth shudder at it,<br> + One waiting thus, even as it comes to pass<br> + One frog remains, and down another dives; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Graffiacan, who most confronted him,<br> + Grappled him by his tresses smeared with pitch,<br> + And drew him up, so that he seemed an otter. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I knew, before, the names of all of them,<br> + So had I noted them when they were chosen,<br> + And when they called each other, listened how. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O Rubicante, see that thou do lay<br> + Thy claws upon him, so that thou mayst flay him,”<br> + Cried all together the accursed ones. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “My Master, see to it, if thou canst,<br> + That thou mayst know who is the luckless wight,<br> + Thus come into his adversaries’ hands.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Near to the side of him my Leader drew,<br> + Asked of him whence he was; and he replied:<br> + “I in the kingdom of Navarre was born; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My mother placed me servant to a lord,<br> + For she had borne me to a ribald knave,<br> + Destroyer of himself and of his things. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then I domestic was of good King Thibault;<br> + I set me there to practise barratry,<br> + For which I pay the reckoning in this heat.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Ciriatto, from whose mouth projected,<br> + On either side, a tusk, as in a boar,<br> + Caused him to feel how one of them could rip. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Among malicious cats the mouse had come;<br> + But Barbariccia clasped him in his arms,<br> + And said: “Stand ye aside, while I enfork him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to my Master he turned round his head;<br> + “Ask him again,” he said, “if more thou wish<br> + To know from him, before some one destroy him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Guide: “Now tell then of the other culprits;<br> + Knowest thou any one who is a Latian,<br> + Under the pitch?” And he: “I separated +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lately from one who was a neighbour to it;<br> + Would that I still were covered up with him,<br> + For I should fear not either claw nor hook!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Libicocco: “We have borne too much;”<br> + And with his grapnel seized him by the arm,<br> + So that, by rending, he tore off a tendon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Eke Draghignazzo wished to pounce upon him<br> + Down at the legs; whence their Decurion<br> + Turned round and round about with evil look. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When they again somewhat were pacified,<br> + Of him, who still was looking at his wound,<br> + Demanded my Conductor without stay: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Who was that one, from whom a luckless parting<br> + Thou sayest thou hast made, to come ashore?”<br> + And he replied: “It was the Friar Gomita, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He of Gallura, vessel of all fraud,<br> + Who had the enemies of his Lord in hand,<br> + And dealt so with them each exults thereat; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Money he took, and let them smoothly off,<br> + As he says; and in other offices<br> + A barrator was he, not mean but sovereign. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Foregathers with him one Don Michael Zanche<br> + Of Logodoro; and of Sardinia<br> + To gossip never do their tongues feel tired. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O me! see that one, how he grinds his teeth;<br> + Still farther would I speak, but am afraid<br> + Lest he to scratch my itch be making ready.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the grand Provost, turned to Farfarello,<br> + Who rolled his eyes about as if to strike,<br> + Said: “Stand aside there, thou malicious bird.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If you desire either to see or hear,”<br> + The terror-stricken recommenced thereon,<br> + “Tuscans or Lombards, I will make them come. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But let the Malebranche cease a little,<br> + So that these may not their revenges fear,<br> + And I, down sitting in this very place, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For one that I am will make seven come,<br> + When I shall whistle, as our custom is<br> + To do whenever one of us comes out.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Cagnazzo at these words his muzzle lifted,<br> + Shaking his head, and said: “Just hear the trick<br> + Which he has thought of, down to throw himself!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he, who snares in great abundance had,<br> + Responded: “I by far too cunning am,<br> + When I procure for mine a greater sadness.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Alichin held not in, but running counter<br> + Unto the rest, said to him: “If thou dive,<br> + I will not follow thee upon the gallop, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But I will beat my wings above the pitch;<br> + The height be left, and be the bank a shield<br> + To see if thou alone dost countervail us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O thou who readest, thou shalt hear new sport!<br> + Each to the other side his eyes averted;<br> + He first, who most reluctant was to do it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Navarrese selected well his time;<br> + Planted his feet on land, and in a moment<br> + Leaped, and released himself from their design. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat each one was suddenly stung with shame,<br> + But he most who was cause of the defeat;<br> + Therefore he moved, and cried: “Thou art o’ertakern.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But little it availed, for wings could not<br> + Outstrip the fear; the other one went under,<br> + And, flying, upward he his breast directed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not otherwise the duck upon a sudden<br> + Dives under, when the falcon is approaching,<br> + And upward he returneth cross and weary. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Infuriate at the mockery, Calcabrina<br> + Flying behind him followed close, desirous<br> + The other should escape, to have a quarrel. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when the barrator had disappeared,<br> + He turned his talons upon his companion,<br> + And grappled with him right above the moat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But sooth the other was a doughty sparhawk<br> + To clapperclaw him well; and both of them<br> + Fell in the middle of the boiling pond. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A sudden intercessor was the heat;<br> + But ne’ertheless of rising there was naught,<br> + To such degree they had their wings belimed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lamenting with the others, Barbariccia<br> + Made four of them fly to the other side<br> + With all their gaffs, and very speedily +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This side and that they to their posts descended;<br> + They stretched their hooks towards the pitch-ensnared,<br> + Who were already baked within the crust, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in this manner busied did we leave them. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXIII"></a>Inferno: Canto XXIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Silent, alone, and without company<br> + We went, the one in front, the other after,<br> + As go the Minor Friars along their way. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the fable of Aesop was directed<br> + My thought, by reason of the present quarrel,<br> + Where he has spoken of the frog and mouse; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For ‘mo’ and ‘issa’ are not more alike<br> + Than this one is to that, if well we couple<br> + End and beginning with a steadfast mind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as one thought from another springs,<br> + So afterward from that was born another,<br> + Which the first fear within me double made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did I ponder: “These on our account<br> + Are laughed to scorn, with injury and scoff<br> + So great, that much I think it must annoy them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If anger be engrafted on ill-will,<br> + They will come after us more merciless<br> + Than dog upon the leveret which he seizes,” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I felt my hair stand all on end already<br> + With terror, and stood backwardly intent,<br> + When said I: “Master, if thou hidest not +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thyself and me forthwith, of Malebranche<br> + I am in dread; we have them now behind us;<br> + I so imagine them, I already feel them.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he: “If I were made of leaded glass,<br> + Thine outward image I should not attract<br> + Sooner to me than I imprint the inner. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Just now thy thoughts came in among my own,<br> + With similar attitude and similar face,<br> + So that of both one counsel sole I made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If peradventure the right bank so slope<br> + That we to the next Bolgia can descend,<br> + We shall escape from the imagined chase.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not yet he finished rendering such opinion,<br> + When I beheld them come with outstretched wings,<br> + Not far remote, with will to seize upon us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Leader on a sudden seized me up,<br> + Even as a mother who by noise is wakened,<br> + And close beside her sees the enkindled flames, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who takes her son, and flies, and does not stop,<br> + Having more care of him than of herself,<br> + So that she clothes her only with a shift; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And downward from the top of the hard bank<br> + Supine he gave him to the pendent rock,<br> + That one side of the other Bolgia walls. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ne’er ran so swiftly water through a sluice<br> + To turn the wheel of any land-built mill,<br> + When nearest to the paddles it approaches, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As did my Master down along that border,<br> + Bearing me with him on his breast away,<br> + As his own son, and not as a companion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hardly the bed of the ravine below<br> + His feet had reached, ere they had reached the hill<br> + Right over us; but he was not afraid; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For the high Providence, which had ordained<br> + To place them ministers of the fifth moat,<br> + The power of thence departing took from all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A painted people there below we found,<br> + Who went about with footsteps very slow,<br> + Weeping and in their semblance tired and vanquished. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They had on mantles with the hoods low down<br> + Before their eyes, and fashioned of the cut<br> + That in Cologne they for the monks are made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Without, they gilded are so that it dazzles;<br> + But inwardly all leaden and so heavy<br> + That Frederick used to put them on of straw. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O everlastingly fatiguing mantle!<br> + Again we turned us, still to the left hand<br> + Along with them, intent on their sad plaint; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But owing to the weight, that weary folk<br> + Came on so tardily, that we were new<br> + In company at each motion of the haunch. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I unto my Leader: “See thou find<br> + Some one who may by deed or name be known,<br> + And thus in going move thine eye about.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one, who understood the Tuscan speech,<br> + Cried to us from behind: “Stay ye your feet,<br> + Ye, who so run athwart the dusky air! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Perhaps thou’lt have from me what thou demandest.”<br> + Whereat the Leader turned him, and said: “Wait,<br> + And then according to his pace proceed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I stopped, and two beheld I show great haste<br> + Of spirit, in their faces, to be with me;<br> + But the burden and the narrow way delayed them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When they came up, long with an eye askance<br> + They scanned me without uttering a word.<br> + Then to each other turned, and said together: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“He by the action of his throat seems living;<br> + And if they dead are, by what privilege<br> + Go they uncovered by the heavy stole?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said to me: “Tuscan, who to the college<br> + Of miserable hypocrites art come,<br> + Do not disdain to tell us who thou art.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to them: “Born was I, and grew up<br> + In the great town on the fair river of Arno,<br> + And with the body am I’ve always had. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But who are ye, in whom there trickles down<br> + Along your cheeks such grief as I behold?<br> + And what pain is upon you, that so sparkles?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one replied to me: “These orange cloaks<br> + Are made of lead so heavy, that the weights<br> + Cause in this way their balances to creak. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Frati Gaudenti were we, and Bolognese;<br> + I Catalano, and he Loderingo<br> + Named, and together taken by thy city, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As the wont is to take one man alone,<br> + For maintenance of its peace; and we were such<br> + That still it is apparent round Gardingo.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O Friars,” began I, “your iniquitous. . .”<br> + But said no more; for to mine eyes there rushed<br> + One crucified with three stakes on the ground. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When me he saw, he writhed himself all over,<br> + Blowing into his beard with suspirations;<br> + And the Friar Catalan, who noticed this, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Said to me: “This transfixed one, whom thou seest,<br> + Counselled the Pharisees that it was meet<br> + To put one man to torture for the people. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Crosswise and naked is he on the path,<br> + As thou perceivest; and he needs must feel,<br> + Whoever passes, first how much he weighs; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in like mode his father-in-law is punished<br> + Within this moat, and the others of the council,<br> + Which for the Jews was a malignant seed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thereupon I saw Virgilius marvel<br> + O’er him who was extended on the cross<br> + So vilely in eternal banishment. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he directed to the Friar this voice:<br> + “Be not displeased, if granted thee, to tell us<br> + If to the right hand any pass slope down +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By which we two may issue forth from here,<br> + Without constraining some of the black angels<br> + To come and extricate us from this deep.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he made answer: “Nearer than thou hopest<br> + There is a rock, that forth from the great circle<br> + Proceeds, and crosses all the cruel valleys, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Save that at this ’tis broken, and does not bridge it;<br> + You will be able to mount up the ruin,<br> + That sidelong slopes and at the bottom rises.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Leader stood awhile with head bowed down;<br> + Then said: “The business badly he recounted<br> + Who grapples with his hook the sinners yonder.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the Friar: “Many of the Devil’s vices<br> + Once heard I at Bologna, and among them,<br> + That he’s a liar and the father of lies.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereat my Leader with great strides went on,<br> + Somewhat disturbed with anger in his looks;<br> + Whence from the heavy-laden I departed +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the prints of his beloved feet. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXIV"></a>Inferno: Canto XXIV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +In that part of the youthful year wherein<br> + The Sun his locks beneath Aquarius tempers,<br> + And now the nights draw near to half the day, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What time the hoar-frost copies on the ground<br> + The outward semblance of her sister white,<br> + But little lasts the temper of her pen, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The husbandman, whose forage faileth him,<br> + Rises, and looks, and seeth the champaign<br> + All gleaming white, whereat he beats his flank, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Returns in doors, and up and down laments,<br> + Like a poor wretch, who knows not what to do;<br> + Then he returns and hope revives again, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Seeing the world has changed its countenance<br> + In little time, and takes his shepherd’s crook,<br> + And forth the little lambs to pasture drives. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did the Master fill me with alarm,<br> + When I beheld his forehead so disturbed,<br> + And to the ailment came as soon the plaster. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For as we came unto the ruined bridge,<br> + The Leader turned to me with that sweet look<br> + Which at the mountain’s foot I first beheld. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His arms he opened, after some advisement<br> + Within himself elected, looking first<br> + Well at the ruin, and laid hold of me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as he who acts and meditates,<br> + For aye it seems that he provides beforehand,<br> + So upward lifting me towards the summit +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of a huge rock, he scanned another crag,<br> + Saying: “To that one grapple afterwards,<br> + But try first if ’tis such that it will hold thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This was no way for one clothed with a cloak;<br> + For hardly we, he light, and I pushed upward,<br> + Were able to ascend from jag to jag. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And had it not been, that upon that precinct<br> + Shorter was the ascent than on the other,<br> + He I know not, but I had been dead beat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But because Malebolge tow’rds the mouth<br> + Of the profoundest well is all inclining,<br> + The structure of each valley doth import +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That one bank rises and the other sinks.<br> + Still we arrived at length upon the point<br> + Wherefrom the last stone breaks itself asunder. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The breath was from my lungs so milked away,<br> + When I was up, that I could go no farther,<br> + Nay, I sat down upon my first arrival. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Now it behoves thee thus to put off sloth,”<br> + My Master said; “for sitting upon down,<br> + Or under quilt, one cometh not to fame, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Withouten which whoso his life consumes<br> + Such vestige leaveth of himself on earth,<br> + As smoke in air or in the water foam. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And therefore raise thee up, o’ercome the anguish<br> + With spirit that o’ercometh every battle,<br> + If with its heavy body it sink not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A longer stairway it behoves thee mount;<br> + ’Tis not enough from these to have departed;<br> + Let it avail thee, if thou understand me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then I uprose, showing myself provided<br> + Better with breath than I did feel myself,<br> + And said: “Go on, for I am strong and bold.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upward we took our way along the crag,<br> + Which jagged was, and narrow, and difficult,<br> + And more precipitous far than that before. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Speaking I went, not to appear exhausted;<br> + Whereat a voice from the next moat came forth,<br> + Not well adapted to articulate words. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I know not what it said, though o’er the back<br> + I now was of the arch that passes there;<br> + But he seemed moved to anger who was speaking. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was bent downward, but my living eyes<br> + Could not attain the bottom, for the dark;<br> + Wherefore I: “Master, see that thou arrive +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At the next round, and let us descend the wall;<br> + For as from hence I hear and understand not,<br> + So I look down and nothing I distinguish.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Other response,” he said, “I make thee not,<br> + Except the doing; for the modest asking<br> + Ought to be followed by the deed in silence.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We from the bridge descended at its head,<br> + Where it connects itself with the eighth bank,<br> + And then was manifest to me the Bolgia; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I beheld therein a terrible throng<br> + Of serpents, and of such a monstrous kind,<br> + That the remembrance still congeals my blood +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let Libya boast no longer with her sand;<br> + For if Chelydri, Jaculi, and Phareae<br> + She breeds, with Cenchri and with Amphisbaena, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Neither so many plagues nor so malignant<br> + E’er showed she with all Ethiopia,<br> + Nor with whatever on the Red Sea is! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Among this cruel and most dismal throng<br> + People were running naked and affrighted.<br> + Without the hope of hole or heliotrope. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They had their hands with serpents bound behind them;<br> + These riveted upon their reins the tail<br> + And head, and were in front of them entwined. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! at one who was upon our side<br> + There darted forth a serpent, which transfixed him<br> + There where the neck is knotted to the shoulders. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor ‘O’ so quickly e’er, nor ‘I’ was written,<br> + As he took fire, and burned; and ashes wholly<br> + Behoved it that in falling he became. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when he on the ground was thus destroyed,<br> + The ashes drew together, and of themselves<br> + Into himself they instantly returned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus by the great sages ’tis confessed<br> + The phoenix dies, and then is born again,<br> + When it approaches its five-hundredth year; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On herb or grain it feeds not in its life,<br> + But only on tears of incense and amomum,<br> + And nard and myrrh are its last winding-sheet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as he is who falls, and knows not how,<br> + By force of demons who to earth down drag him,<br> + Or other oppilation that binds man, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When he arises and around him looks,<br> + Wholly bewildered by the mighty anguish<br> + Which he has suffered, and in looking sighs; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such was that sinner after he had risen.<br> + Justice of God! O how severe it is,<br> + That blows like these in vengeance poureth down! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Guide thereafter asked him who he was;<br> + Whence he replied: “I rained from Tuscany<br> + A short time since into this cruel gorge. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A bestial life, and not a human, pleased me,<br> + Even as the mule I was; I’m Vanni Fucci,<br> + Beast, and Pistoia was my worthy den.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I unto the Guide: “Tell him to stir not,<br> + And ask what crime has thrust him here below,<br> + For once a man of blood and wrath I saw him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the sinner, who had heard, dissembled not,<br> + But unto me directed mind and face,<br> + And with a melancholy shame was painted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said: “It pains me more that thou hast caught me<br> + Amid this misery where thou seest me,<br> + Than when I from the other life was taken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What thou demandest I cannot deny;<br> + So low am I put down because I robbed<br> + The sacristy of the fair ornaments, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And falsely once ’twas laid upon another;<br> + But that thou mayst not such a sight enjoy,<br> + If thou shalt e’er be out of the dark places, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thine ears to my announcement ope and hear:<br> + Pistoia first of Neri groweth meagre;<br> + Then Florence doth renew her men and manners; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Mars draws a vapour up from Val di Magra,<br> + Which is with turbid clouds enveloped round,<br> + And with impetuous and bitter tempest +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Over Campo Picen shall be the battle;<br> + When it shall suddenly rend the mist asunder,<br> + So that each Bianco shall thereby be smitten. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this I’ve said that it may give thee pain.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXV"></a>Inferno: Canto XXV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +At the conclusion of his words, the thief<br> + Lifted his hands aloft with both the figs,<br> + Crying: “Take that, God, for at thee I aim them.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From that time forth the serpents were my friends;<br> + For one entwined itself about his neck<br> + As if it said: “I will not thou speak more;” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And round his arms another, and rebound him,<br> + Clinching itself together so in front,<br> + That with them he could not a motion make. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Pistoia, ah, Pistoia! why resolve not<br> + To burn thyself to ashes and so perish,<br> + Since in ill-doing thou thy seed excellest? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Through all the sombre circles of this Hell,<br> + Spirit I saw not against God so proud,<br> + Not he who fell at Thebes down from the walls! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He fled away, and spake no further word;<br> + And I beheld a Centaur full of rage<br> + Come crying out: “Where is, where is the scoffer?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I do not think Maremma has so many<br> + Serpents as he had all along his back,<br> + As far as where our countenance begins. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the shoulders, just behind the nape,<br> + With wings wide open was a dragon lying,<br> + And he sets fire to all that he encounters. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Master said: “That one is Cacus, who<br> + Beneath the rock upon Mount Aventine<br> + Created oftentimes a lake of blood. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He goes not on the same road with his brothers,<br> + By reason of the fraudulent theft he made<br> + Of the great herd, which he had near to him; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat his tortuous actions ceased beneath<br> + The mace of Hercules, who peradventure<br> + Gave him a hundred, and he felt not ten.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While he was speaking thus, he had passed by,<br> + And spirits three had underneath us come,<br> + Of which nor I aware was, nor my Leader, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Until what time they shouted: “Who are you?”<br> + On which account our story made a halt,<br> + And then we were intent on them alone. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I did not know them; but it came to pass,<br> + As it is wont to happen by some chance,<br> + That one to name the other was compelled, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Exclaiming: “Where can Cianfa have remained?”<br> + Whence I, so that the Leader might attend,<br> + Upward from chin to nose my finger laid. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If thou art, Reader, slow now to believe<br> + What I shall say, it will no marvel be,<br> + For I who saw it hardly can admit it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As I was holding raised on them my brows,<br> + Behold! a serpent with six feet darts forth<br> + In front of one, and fastens wholly on him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With middle feet it bound him round the paunch,<br> + And with the forward ones his arms it seized;<br> + Then thrust its teeth through one cheek and the other; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The hindermost it stretched upon his thighs,<br> + And put its tail through in between the two,<br> + And up behind along the reins outspread it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ivy was never fastened by its barbs<br> + Unto a tree so, as this horrible reptile<br> + Upon the other’s limbs entwined its own. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then they stuck close, as if of heated wax<br> + They had been made, and intermixed their colour;<br> + Nor one nor other seemed now what he was; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +E’en as proceedeth on before the flame<br> + Upward along the paper a brown colour,<br> + Which is not black as yet, and the white dies. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other two looked on, and each of them<br> + Cried out: “O me, Agnello, how thou changest!<br> + Behold, thou now art neither two nor one.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already the two heads had one become,<br> + When there appeared to us two figures mingled<br> + Into one face, wherein the two were lost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of the four lists were fashioned the two arms,<br> + The thighs and legs, the belly and the chest<br> + Members became that never yet were seen. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Every original aspect there was cancelled;<br> + Two and yet none did the perverted image<br> + Appear, and such departed with slow pace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a lizard, under the great scourge<br> + Of days canicular, exchanging hedge,<br> + Lightning appeareth if the road it cross; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did appear, coming towards the bellies<br> + Of the two others, a small fiery serpent,<br> + Livid and black as is a peppercorn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in that part whereat is first received<br> + Our aliment, it one of them transfixed;<br> + Then downward fell in front of him extended. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The one transfixed looked at it, but said naught;<br> + Nay, rather with feet motionless he yawned,<br> + Just as if sleep or fever had assailed him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He at the serpent gazed, and it at him;<br> + One through the wound, the other through the mouth<br> + Smoked violently, and the smoke commingled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Henceforth be silent Lucan, where he mentions<br> + Wretched Sabellus and Nassidius,<br> + And wait to hear what now shall be shot forth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Be silent Ovid, of Cadmus and Arethusa;<br> + For if him to a snake, her to fountain,<br> + Converts he fabling, that I grudge him not; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because two natures never front to front<br> + Has he transmuted, so that both the forms<br> + To interchange their matter ready were. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Together they responded in such wise,<br> + That to a fork the serpent cleft his tail,<br> + And eke the wounded drew his feet together. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The legs together with the thighs themselves<br> + Adhered so, that in little time the juncture<br> + No sign whatever made that was apparent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He with the cloven tail assumed the figure<br> + The other one was losing, and his skin<br> + Became elastic, and the other’s hard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw the arms draw inward at the armpits,<br> + And both feet of the reptile, that were short,<br> + Lengthen as much as those contracted were. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter the hind feet, together twisted,<br> + Became the member that a man conceals,<br> + And of his own the wretch had two created. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While both of them the exhalation veils<br> + With a new colour, and engenders hair<br> + On one of them and depilates the other, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The one uprose and down the other fell,<br> + Though turning not away their impious lamps,<br> + Underneath which each one his muzzle changed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who was standing drew it tow’rds the temples,<br> + And from excess of matter, which came thither,<br> + Issued the ears from out the hollow cheeks; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What did not backward run and was retained<br> + Of that excess made to the face a nose,<br> + And the lips thickened far as was befitting. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who lay prostrate thrusts his muzzle forward,<br> + And backward draws the ears into his head,<br> + In the same manner as the snail its horns; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And so the tongue, which was entire and apt<br> + For speech before, is cleft, and the bi-forked<br> + In the other closes up, and the smoke ceases. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The soul, which to a reptile had been changed,<br> + Along the valley hissing takes to flight,<br> + And after him the other speaking sputters. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then did he turn upon him his new shoulders,<br> + And said to the other: “I’ll have Buoso run,<br> + Crawling as I have done, along this road.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In this way I beheld the seventh ballast<br> + Shift and reshift, and here be my excuse<br> + The novelty, if aught my pen transgress. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And notwithstanding that mine eyes might be<br> + Somewhat bewildered, and my mind dismayed,<br> + They could not flee away so secretly +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But that I plainly saw Puccio Sciancato;<br> + And he it was who sole of three companions,<br> + Which came in the beginning, was not changed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other was he whom thou, Gaville, weepest. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXVI"></a>Inferno: Canto XXVI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Rejoice, O Florence, since thou art so great,<br> + That over sea and land thou beatest thy wings,<br> + And throughout Hell thy name is spread abroad! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Among the thieves five citizens of thine<br> + Like these I found, whence shame comes unto me,<br> + And thou thereby to no great honour risest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if when morn is near our dreams are true,<br> + Feel shalt thou in a little time from now<br> + What Prato, if none other, craves for thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if it now were, it were not too soon;<br> + Would that it were, seeing it needs must be,<br> + For ’twill aggrieve me more the more I age. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We went our way, and up along the stairs<br> + The bourns had made us to descend before,<br> + Remounted my Conductor and drew me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And following the solitary path<br> + Among the rocks and ridges of the crag,<br> + The foot without the hand sped not at all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then sorrowed I, and sorrow now again,<br> + When I direct my mind to what I saw,<br> + And more my genius curb than I am wont, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That it may run not unless virtue guide it;<br> + So that if some good star, or better thing,<br> + Have given me good, I may myself not grudge it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As many as the hind (who on the hill<br> + Rests at the time when he who lights the world<br> + His countenance keeps least concealed from us, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While as the fly gives place unto the gnat)<br> + Seeth the glow-worms down along the valley,<br> + Perchance there where he ploughs and makes his vintage; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With flames as manifold resplendent all<br> + Was the eighth Bolgia, as I grew aware<br> + As soon as I was where the depth appeared. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And such as he who with the bears avenged him<br> + Beheld Elijah’s chariot at departing,<br> + What time the steeds to heaven erect uprose, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For with his eye he could not follow it<br> + So as to see aught else than flame alone,<br> + Even as a little cloud ascending upward, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus each along the gorge of the intrenchment<br> + Was moving; for not one reveals the theft,<br> + And every flame a sinner steals away. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I stood upon the bridge uprisen to see,<br> + So that, if I had seized not on a rock,<br> + Down had I fallen without being pushed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the Leader, who beheld me so attent,<br> + Exclaimed: “Within the fires the spirits are;<br> + Each swathes himself with that wherewith he burns.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“My Master,” I replied, “by hearing thee<br> + I am more sure; but I surmised already<br> + It might be so, and already wished to ask thee +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who is within that fire, which comes so cleft<br> + At top, it seems uprising from the pyre<br> + Where was Eteocles with his brother placed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He answered me: “Within there are tormented<br> + Ulysses and Diomed, and thus together<br> + They unto vengeance run as unto wrath. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And there within their flame do they lament<br> + The ambush of the horse, which made the door<br> + Whence issued forth the Romans’ gentle seed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therein is wept the craft, for which being dead<br> + Deidamia still deplores Achilles,<br> + And pain for the Palladium there is borne.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If they within those sparks possess the power<br> + To speak,” I said, “thee, Master, much I pray,<br> + And re-pray, that the prayer be worth a thousand, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That thou make no denial of awaiting<br> + Until the horned flame shall hither come;<br> + Thou seest that with desire I lean towards it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Worthy is thy entreaty<br> + Of much applause, and therefore I accept it;<br> + But take heed that thy tongue restrain itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Leave me to speak, because I have conceived<br> + That which thou wishest; for they might disdain<br> + Perchance, since they were Greeks, discourse of thine.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When now the flame had come unto that point,<br> + Where to my Leader it seemed time and place,<br> + After this fashion did I hear him speak: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O ye, who are twofold within one fire,<br> + If I deserved of you, while I was living,<br> + If I deserved of you or much or little +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When in the world I wrote the lofty verses,<br> + Do not move on, but one of you declare<br> + Whither, being lost, he went away to die.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then of the antique flame the greater horn,<br> + Murmuring, began to wave itself about<br> + Even as a flame doth which the wind fatigues. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafterward, the summit to and fro<br> + Moving as if it were the tongue that spake,<br> + It uttered forth a voice, and said: “When I +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From Circe had departed, who concealed me<br> + More than a year there near unto Gaeta,<br> + Or ever yet Aeneas named it so, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor fondness for my son, nor reverence<br> + For my old father, nor the due affection<br> + Which joyous should have made Penelope, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Could overcome within me the desire<br> + I had to be experienced of the world,<br> + And of the vice and virtue of mankind; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But I put forth on the high open sea<br> + With one sole ship, and that small company<br> + By which I never had deserted been. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Both of the shores I saw as far as Spain,<br> + Far as Morocco, and the isle of Sardes,<br> + And the others which that sea bathes round about. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I and my company were old and slow<br> + When at that narrow passage we arrived<br> + Where Hercules his landmarks set as signals, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That man no farther onward should adventure.<br> + On the right hand behind me left I Seville,<br> + And on the other already had left Ceuta. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘O brothers, who amid a hundred thousand<br> + Perils,’ I said, ‘have come unto the West,<br> + To this so inconsiderable vigil +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which is remaining of your senses still<br> + Be ye unwilling to deny the knowledge,<br> + Following the sun, of the unpeopled world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Consider ye the seed from which ye sprang;<br> + Ye were not made to live like unto brutes,<br> + But for pursuit of virtue and of knowledge.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So eager did I render my companions,<br> + With this brief exhortation, for the voyage,<br> + That then I hardly could have held them back. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And having turned our stern unto the morning,<br> + We of the oars made wings for our mad flight,<br> + Evermore gaining on the larboard side. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already all the stars of the other pole<br> + The night beheld, and ours so very low<br> + It did not rise above the ocean floor. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Five times rekindled and as many quenched<br> + Had been the splendour underneath the moon,<br> + Since we had entered into the deep pass, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When there appeared to us a mountain, dim<br> + From distance, and it seemed to me so high<br> + As I had never any one beheld. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Joyful were we, and soon it turned to weeping;<br> + For out of the new land a whirlwind rose,<br> + And smote upon the fore part of the ship. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Three times it made her whirl with all the waters,<br> + At the fourth time it made the stern uplift,<br> + And the prow downward go, as pleased Another, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Until the sea above us closed again.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXVII"></a>Inferno: Canto XXVII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already was the flame erect and quiet,<br> + To speak no more, and now departed from us<br> + With the permission of the gentle Poet; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When yet another, which behind it came,<br> + Caused us to turn our eyes upon its top<br> + By a confused sound that issued from it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As the Sicilian bull (that bellowed first<br> + With the lament of him, and that was right,<br> + Who with his file had modulated it) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Bellowed so with the voice of the afflicted,<br> + That, notwithstanding it was made of brass,<br> + Still it appeared with agony transfixed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus, by not having any way or issue<br> + At first from out the fire, to its own language<br> + Converted were the melancholy words. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But afterwards, when they had gathered way<br> + Up through the point, giving it that vibration<br> + The tongue had given them in their passage out, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We heard it said: “O thou, at whom I aim<br> + My voice, and who but now wast speaking Lombard,<br> + Saying, ‘Now go thy way, no more I urge thee,’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because I come perchance a little late,<br> + To stay and speak with me let it not irk thee;<br> + Thou seest it irks not me, and I am burning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If thou but lately into this blind world<br> + Hast fallen down from that sweet Latian land,<br> + Wherefrom I bring the whole of my transgression, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Say, if the Romagnuols have peace or war,<br> + For I was from the mountains there between<br> + Urbino and the yoke whence Tiber bursts.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I still was downward bent and listening,<br> + When my Conductor touched me on the side,<br> + Saying: “Speak thou: this one a Latian is.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who had beforehand my reply<br> + In readiness, forthwith began to speak:<br> + “O soul, that down below there art concealed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Romagna thine is not and never has been<br> + Without war in the bosom of its tyrants;<br> + But open war I none have left there now. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ravenna stands as it long years has stood;<br> + The Eagle of Polenta there is brooding,<br> + So that she covers Cervia with her vans. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The city which once made the long resistance,<br> + And of the French a sanguinary heap,<br> + Beneath the Green Paws finds itself again; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Verrucchio’s ancient Mastiff and the new,<br> + Who made such bad disposal of Montagna,<br> + Where they are wont make wimbles of their teeth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The cities of Lamone and Santerno<br> + Governs the Lioncel of the white lair,<br> + Who changes sides ’twixt summer-time and winter; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that of which the Savio bathes the flank,<br> + Even as it lies between the plain and mountain,<br> + Lives between tyranny and a free state. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now I entreat thee tell us who thou art;<br> + Be not more stubborn than the rest have been,<br> + So may thy name hold front there in the world.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the fire a little more had roared<br> + In its own fashion, the sharp point it moved<br> + This way and that, and then gave forth such breath: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If I believed that my reply were made<br> + To one who to the world would e’er return,<br> + This flame without more flickering would stand still; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But inasmuch as never from this depth<br> + Did any one return, if I hear true,<br> + Without the fear of infamy I answer, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was a man of arms, then Cordelier,<br> + Believing thus begirt to make amends;<br> + And truly my belief had been fulfilled +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But for the High Priest, whom may ill betide,<br> + Who put me back into my former sins;<br> + And how and wherefore I will have thee hear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While I was still the form of bone and pulp<br> + My mother gave to me, the deeds I did<br> + Were not those of a lion, but a fox. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The machinations and the covert ways<br> + I knew them all, and practised so their craft,<br> + That to the ends of earth the sound went forth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When now unto that portion of mine age<br> + I saw myself arrived, when each one ought<br> + To lower the sails, and coil away the ropes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That which before had pleased me then displeased me;<br> + And penitent and confessing I surrendered,<br> + Ah woe is me! and it would have bestead me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Leader of the modern Pharisees<br> + Having a war near unto Lateran,<br> + And not with Saracens nor with the Jews, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For each one of his enemies was Christian,<br> + And none of them had been to conquer Acre,<br> + Nor merchandising in the Sultan’s land, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor the high office, nor the sacred orders,<br> + In him regarded, nor in me that cord<br> + Which used to make those girt with it more meagre; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But even as Constantine sought out Sylvester<br> + To cure his leprosy, within Soracte,<br> + So this one sought me out as an adept +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To cure him of the fever of his pride.<br> + Counsel he asked of me, and I was silent,<br> + Because his words appeared inebriate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then he said: ‘Be not thy heart afraid;<br> + Henceforth I thee absolve; and thou instruct me<br> + How to raze Palestrina to the ground. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Heaven have I power to lock and to unlock,<br> + As thou dost know; therefore the keys are two,<br> + The which my predecessor held not dear.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then urged me on his weighty arguments<br> + There, where my silence was the worst advice;<br> + And said I: ‘Father, since thou washest me +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of that sin into which I now must fall,<br> + The promise long with the fulfilment short<br> + Will make thee triumph in thy lofty seat.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Francis came afterward, when I was dead,<br> + For me; but one of the black Cherubim<br> + Said to him: ‘Take him not; do me no wrong; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He must come down among my servitors,<br> + Because he gave the fraudulent advice<br> + From which time forth I have been at his hair; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For who repents not cannot be absolved,<br> + Nor can one both repent and will at once,<br> + Because of the contradiction which consents not.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O miserable me! how I did shudder<br> + When he seized on me, saying: ‘Peradventure<br> + Thou didst not think that I was a logician!’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He bore me unto Minos, who entwined<br> + Eight times his tail about his stubborn back,<br> + And after he had bitten it in great rage, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Said: ‘Of the thievish fire a culprit this;’<br> + Wherefore, here where thou seest, am I lost,<br> + And vested thus in going I bemoan me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When it had thus completed its recital,<br> + The flame departed uttering lamentations,<br> + Writhing and flapping its sharp-pointed horn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Onward we passed, both I and my Conductor,<br> + Up o’er the crag above another arch,<br> + Which the moat covers, where is paid the fee +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By those who, sowing discord, win their burden. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXVIII"></a>Inferno: Canto XXVIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who ever could, e’en with untrammelled words,<br> + Tell of the blood and of the wounds in full<br> + Which now I saw, by many times narrating? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each tongue would for a certainty fall short<br> + By reason of our speech and memory,<br> + That have small room to comprehend so much. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If were again assembled all the people<br> + Which formerly upon the fateful land<br> + Of Puglia were lamenting for their blood +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Shed by the Romans and the lingering war<br> + That of the rings made such illustrious spoils,<br> + As Livy has recorded, who errs not, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With those who felt the agony of blows<br> + By making counterstand to Robert Guiscard,<br> + And all the rest, whose bones are gathered still +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At Ceperano, where a renegade<br> + Was each Apulian, and at Tagliacozzo,<br> + Where without arms the old Alardo conquered, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one his limb transpierced, and one lopped off,<br> + Should show, it would be nothing to compare<br> + With the disgusting mode of the ninth Bolgia. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A cask by losing centre-piece or cant<br> + Was never shattered so, as I saw one<br> + Rent from the chin to where one breaketh wind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Between his legs were hanging down his entrails;<br> + His heart was visible, and the dismal sack<br> + That maketh excrement of what is eaten. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While I was all absorbed in seeing him,<br> + He looked at me, and opened with his hands<br> + His bosom, saying: “See now how I rend me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How mutilated, see, is Mahomet;<br> + In front of me doth Ali weeping go,<br> + Cleft in the face from forelock unto chin; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And all the others whom thou here beholdest,<br> + Disseminators of scandal and of schism<br> + While living were, and therefore are cleft thus. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A devil is behind here, who doth cleave us<br> + Thus cruelly, unto the falchion’s edge<br> + Putting again each one of all this ream, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we have gone around the doleful road;<br> + By reason that our wounds are closed again<br> + Ere any one in front of him repass. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But who art thou, that musest on the crag,<br> + Perchance to postpone going to the pain<br> + That is adjudged upon thine accusations?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Nor death hath reached him yet, nor guilt doth bring him,”<br> + My Master made reply, “to be tormented;<br> + But to procure him full experience, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Me, who am dead, behoves it to conduct him<br> + Down here through Hell, from circle unto circle;<br> + And this is true as that I speak to thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More than a hundred were there when they heard him,<br> + Who in the moat stood still to look at me,<br> + Through wonderment oblivious of their torture. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Now say to Fra Dolcino, then, to arm him,<br> + Thou, who perhaps wilt shortly see the sun,<br> + If soon he wish not here to follow me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So with provisions, that no stress of snow<br> + May give the victory to the Novarese,<br> + Which otherwise to gain would not be easy.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After one foot to go away he lifted,<br> + This word did Mahomet say unto me,<br> + Then to depart upon the ground he stretched it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Another one, who had his throat pierced through,<br> + And nose cut off close underneath the brows,<br> + And had no longer but a single ear, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Staying to look in wonder with the others,<br> + Before the others did his gullet open,<br> + Which outwardly was red in every part, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said: “O thou, whom guilt doth not condemn,<br> + And whom I once saw up in Latian land,<br> + Unless too great similitude deceive me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Call to remembrance Pier da Medicina,<br> + If e’er thou see again the lovely plain<br> + That from Vercelli slopes to Marcabo, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And make it known to the best two of Fano,<br> + To Messer Guido and Angiolello likewise,<br> + That if foreseeing here be not in vain, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Cast over from their vessel shall they be,<br> + And drowned near unto the Cattolica,<br> + By the betrayal of a tyrant fell. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Between the isles of Cyprus and Majorca<br> + Neptune ne’er yet beheld so great a crime,<br> + Neither of pirates nor Argolic people. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That traitor, who sees only with one eye,<br> + And holds the land, which some one here with me<br> + Would fain be fasting from the vision of, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Will make them come unto a parley with him;<br> + Then will do so, that to Focara’s wind<br> + They will not stand in need of vow or prayer.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “Show to me and declare,<br> + If thou wouldst have me bear up news of thee,<br> + Who is this person of the bitter vision.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then did he lay his hand upon the jaw<br> + Of one of his companions, and his mouth<br> + Oped, crying: “This is he, and he speaks not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This one, being banished, every doubt submerged<br> + In Caesar by affirming the forearmed<br> + Always with detriment allowed delay.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O how bewildered unto me appeared,<br> + With tongue asunder in his windpipe slit,<br> + Curio, who in speaking was so bold! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one, who both his hands dissevered had,<br> + The stumps uplifting through the murky air,<br> + So that the blood made horrible his face, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Cried out: “Thou shalt remember Mosca also,<br> + Who said, alas! ‘A thing done has an end!’<br> + Which was an ill seed for the Tuscan people.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“And death unto thy race,” thereto I added;<br> + Whence he, accumulating woe on woe,<br> + Departed, like a person sad and crazed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But I remained to look upon the crowd;<br> + And saw a thing which I should be afraid,<br> + Without some further proof, even to recount, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If it were not that conscience reassures me,<br> + That good companion which emboldens man<br> + Beneath the hauberk of its feeling pure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I truly saw, and still I seem to see it,<br> + A trunk without a head walk in like manner<br> + As walked the others of the mournful herd. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And by the hair it held the head dissevered,<br> + Hung from the hand in fashion of a lantern,<br> + And that upon us gazed and said: “O me!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It of itself made to itself a lamp,<br> + And they were two in one, and one in two;<br> + How that can be, He knows who so ordains it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When it was come close to the bridge’s foot,<br> + It lifted high its arm with all the head,<br> + To bring more closely unto us its words, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which were: “Behold now the sore penalty,<br> + Thou, who dost breathing go the dead beholding;<br> + Behold if any be as great as this. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And so that thou may carry news of me,<br> + Know that Bertram de Born am I, the same<br> + Who gave to the Young King the evil comfort. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I made the father and the son rebellious;<br> + Achitophel not more with Absalom<br> + And David did with his accursed goadings. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because I parted persons so united,<br> + Parted do I now bear my brain, alas!<br> + From its beginning, which is in this trunk. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus is observed in me the counterpoise.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXIX"></a>Inferno: Canto XXIX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +The many people and the divers wounds<br> + These eyes of mine had so inebriated,<br> + That they were wishful to stand still and weep; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But said Virgilius: “What dost thou still gaze at?<br> + Why is thy sight still riveted down there<br> + Among the mournful, mutilated shades? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou hast not done so at the other Bolge;<br> + Consider, if to count them thou believest,<br> + That two-and-twenty miles the valley winds, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now the moon is underneath our feet;<br> + Henceforth the time allotted us is brief,<br> + And more is to be seen than what thou seest.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If thou hadst,” I made answer thereupon,<br> + “Attended to the cause for which I looked,<br> + Perhaps a longer stay thou wouldst have pardoned.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Meanwhile my Guide departed, and behind him<br> + I went, already making my reply,<br> + And superadding: “In that cavern where +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I held mine eyes with such attention fixed,<br> + I think a spirit of my blood laments<br> + The sin which down below there costs so much.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said the Master: “Be no longer broken<br> + Thy thought from this time forward upon him;<br> + Attend elsewhere, and there let him remain; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For him I saw below the little bridge,<br> + Pointing at thee, and threatening with his finger<br> + Fiercely, and heard him called Geri del Bello. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So wholly at that time wast thou impeded<br> + By him who formerly held Altaforte,<br> + Thou didst not look that way; so he departed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O my Conductor, his own violent death,<br> + Which is not yet avenged for him,” I said,<br> + “By any who is sharer in the shame, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Made him disdainful; whence he went away,<br> + As I imagine, without speaking to me,<br> + And thereby made me pity him the more.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did we speak as far as the first place<br> + Upon the crag, which the next valley shows<br> + Down to the bottom, if there were more light. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we were now right over the last cloister<br> + Of Malebolge, so that its lay-brothers<br> + Could manifest themselves unto our sight, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Divers lamentings pierced me through and through,<br> + Which with compassion had their arrows barbed,<br> + Whereat mine ears I covered with my hands. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What pain would be, if from the hospitals<br> + Of Valdichiana, ’twixt July and September,<br> + And of Maremma and Sardinia +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All the diseases in one moat were gathered,<br> + Such was it here, and such a stench came from it<br> + As from putrescent limbs is wont to issue. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We had descended on the furthest bank<br> + From the long crag, upon the left hand still,<br> + And then more vivid was my power of sight +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Down tow’rds the bottom, where the ministress<br> + Of the high Lord, Justice infallible,<br> + Punishes forgers, which she here records. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I do not think a sadder sight to see<br> + Was in Aegina the whole people sick,<br> + (When was the air so full of pestilence, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The animals, down to the little worm,<br> + All fell, and afterwards the ancient people,<br> + According as the poets have affirmed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Were from the seed of ants restored again,)<br> + Than was it to behold through that dark valley<br> + The spirits languishing in divers heaps. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This on the belly, that upon the back<br> + One of the other lay, and others crawling<br> + Shifted themselves along the dismal road. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We step by step went onward without speech,<br> + Gazing upon and listening to the sick<br> + Who had not strength enough to lift their bodies. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw two sitting leaned against each other,<br> + As leans in heating platter against platter,<br> + From head to foot bespotted o’er with scabs; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And never saw I plied a currycomb<br> + By stable-boy for whom his master waits,<br> + Or him who keeps awake unwillingly, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As every one was plying fast the bite<br> + Of nails upon himself, for the great rage<br> + Of itching which no other succour had. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the nails downward with them dragged the scab,<br> + In fashion as a knife the scales of bream,<br> + Or any other fish that has them largest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou, that with thy fingers dost dismail thee,”<br> + Began my Leader unto one of them,<br> + “And makest of them pincers now and then, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tell me if any Latian is with those<br> + Who are herein; so may thy nails suffice thee<br> + To all eternity unto this work.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Latians are we, whom thou so wasted seest,<br> + Both of us here,” one weeping made reply;<br> + “But who art thou, that questionest about us?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said the Guide: “One am I who descends<br> + Down with this living man from cliff to cliff,<br> + And I intend to show Hell unto him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then broken was their mutual support,<br> + And trembling each one turned himself to me,<br> + With others who had heard him by rebound. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wholly to me did the good Master gather,<br> + Saying: “Say unto them whate’er thou wishest.”<br> + And I began, since he would have it so: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“So may your memory not steal away<br> + In the first world from out the minds of men,<br> + But so may it survive ’neath many suns, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Say to me who ye are, and of what people;<br> + Let not your foul and loathsome punishment<br> + Make you afraid to show yourselves to me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I of Arezzo was,” one made reply,<br> + “And Albert of Siena had me burned;<br> + But what I died for does not bring me here. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Tis true I said to him, speaking in jest,<br> + That I could rise by flight into the air,<br> + And he who had conceit, but little wit, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Would have me show to him the art; and only<br> + Because no Daedalus I made him, made me<br> + Be burned by one who held him as his son. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But unto the last Bolgia of the ten,<br> + For alchemy, which in the world I practised,<br> + Minos, who cannot err, has me condemned.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to the Poet said I: “Now was ever<br> + So vain a people as the Sienese?<br> + Not for a certainty the French by far.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat the other leper, who had heard me,<br> + Replied unto my speech: “Taking out Stricca,<br> + Who knew the art of moderate expenses, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Niccolo, who the luxurious use<br> + Of cloves discovered earliest of all<br> + Within that garden where such seed takes root; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And taking out the band, among whom squandered<br> + Caccia d’Ascian his vineyards and vast woods,<br> + And where his wit the Abbagliato proffered! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But, that thou know who thus doth second thee<br> + Against the Sienese, make sharp thine eye<br> + Tow’rds me, so that my face well answer thee, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thou shalt see I am Capocchio’s shade,<br> + Who metals falsified by alchemy;<br> + Thou must remember, if I well descry thee, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How I a skilful ape of nature was.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXX"></a>Inferno: Canto XXX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twas at the time when Juno was enraged,<br> + For Semele, against the Theban blood,<br> + As she already more than once had shown, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So reft of reason Athamas became,<br> + That, seeing his own wife with children twain<br> + Walking encumbered upon either hand, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He cried: “Spread out the nets, that I may take<br> + The lioness and her whelps upon the passage;”<br> + And then extended his unpitying claws, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Seizing the first, who had the name Learchus,<br> + And whirled him round, and dashed him on a rock;<br> + And she, with the other burthen, drowned herself;— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And at the time when fortune downward hurled<br> + The Trojan’s arrogance, that all things dared,<br> + So that the king was with his kingdom crushed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hecuba sad, disconsolate, and captive,<br> + When lifeless she beheld Polyxena,<br> + And of her Polydorus on the shore +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of ocean was the dolorous one aware,<br> + Out of her senses like a dog she barked,<br> + So much the anguish had her mind distorted; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But not of Thebes the furies nor the Trojan<br> + Were ever seen in any one so cruel<br> + In goading beasts, and much more human members, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As I beheld two shadows pale and naked,<br> + Who, biting, in the manner ran along<br> + That a boar does, when from the sty turned loose. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One to Capocchio came, and by the nape<br> + Seized with its teeth his neck, so that in dragging<br> + It made his belly grate the solid bottom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the Aretine, who trembling had remained,<br> + Said to me: “That mad sprite is Gianni Schicchi,<br> + And raving goes thus harrying other people.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O,” said I to him, “so may not the other<br> + Set teeth on thee, let it not weary thee<br> + To tell us who it is, ere it dart hence.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “That is the ancient ghost<br> + Of the nefarious Myrrha, who became<br> + Beyond all rightful love her father’s lover. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She came to sin with him after this manner,<br> + By counterfeiting of another’s form;<br> + As he who goeth yonder undertook, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That he might gain the lady of the herd,<br> + To counterfeit in himself Buoso Donati,<br> + Making a will and giving it due form.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And after the two maniacs had passed<br> + On whom I held mine eye, I turned it back<br> + To look upon the other evil-born. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw one made in fashion of a lute,<br> + If he had only had the groin cut off<br> + Just at the point at which a man is forked. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The heavy dropsy, that so disproportions<br> + The limbs with humours, which it ill concocts,<br> + That the face corresponds not to the belly, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Compelled him so to hold his lips apart<br> + As does the hectic, who because of thirst<br> + One tow’rds the chin, the other upward turns. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O ye, who without any torment are,<br> + And why I know not, in the world of woe,”<br> + He said to us, “behold, and be attentive +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto the misery of Master Adam;<br> + I had while living much of what I wished,<br> + And now, alas! a drop of water crave. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The rivulets, that from the verdant hills<br> + Of Cassentin descend down into Arno,<br> + Making their channels to be cold and moist, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ever before me stand, and not in vain;<br> + For far more doth their image dry me up<br> + Than the disease which strips my face of flesh. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The rigid justice that chastises me<br> + Draweth occasion from the place in which<br> + I sinned, to put the more my sighs in flight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There is Romena, where I counterfeited<br> + The currency imprinted with the Baptist,<br> + For which I left my body burned above. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if I here could see the tristful soul<br> + Of Guido, or Alessandro, or their brother,<br> + For Branda’s fount I would not give the sight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One is within already, if the raving<br> + Shades that are going round about speak truth;<br> + But what avails it me, whose limbs are tied? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If I were only still so light, that in<br> + A hundred years I could advance one inch,<br> + I had already started on the way, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Seeking him out among this squalid folk,<br> + Although the circuit be eleven miles,<br> + And be not less than half a mile across. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For them am I in such a family;<br> + They did induce me into coining florins,<br> + Which had three carats of impurity.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “Who are the two poor wretches<br> + That smoke like unto a wet hand in winter,<br> + Lying there close upon thy right-hand confines?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I found them here,” replied he, “when I rained<br> + Into this chasm, and since they have not turned,<br> + Nor do I think they will for evermore. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One the false woman is who accused Joseph,<br> + The other the false Sinon, Greek of Troy;<br> + From acute fever they send forth such reek.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one of them, who felt himself annoyed<br> + At being, peradventure, named so darkly,<br> + Smote with the fist upon his hardened paunch. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It gave a sound, as if it were a drum;<br> + And Master Adam smote him in the face,<br> + With arm that did not seem to be less hard, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Saying to him: “Although be taken from me<br> + All motion, for my limbs that heavy are,<br> + I have an arm unfettered for such need.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat he answer made: “When thou didst go<br> + Unto the fire, thou hadst it not so ready:<br> + But hadst it so and more when thou wast coining.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The dropsical: “Thou sayest true in that;<br> + But thou wast not so true a witness there,<br> + Where thou wast questioned of the truth at Troy.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If I spake false, thou falsifiedst the coin,”<br> + Said Sinon; “and for one fault I am here,<br> + And thou for more than any other demon.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Remember, perjurer, about the horse,”<br> + He made reply who had the swollen belly,<br> + “And rueful be it thee the whole world knows it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Rueful to thee the thirst be wherewith cracks<br> + Thy tongue,” the Greek said, “and the putrid water<br> + That hedges so thy paunch before thine eyes.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then the false-coiner: “So is gaping wide<br> + Thy mouth for speaking evil, as ’tis wont;<br> + Because if I have thirst, and humour stuff me +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou hast the burning and the head that aches,<br> + And to lick up the mirror of Narcissus<br> + Thou wouldst not want words many to invite thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In listening to them was I wholly fixed,<br> + When said the Master to me: “Now just look,<br> + For little wants it that I quarrel with thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When him I heard in anger speak to me,<br> + I turned me round towards him with such shame<br> + That still it eddies through my memory. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as he is who dreams of his own harm,<br> + Who dreaming wishes it may be a dream,<br> + So that he craves what is, as if it were not; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such I became, not having power to speak,<br> + For to excuse myself I wished, and still<br> + Excused myself, and did not think I did it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Less shame doth wash away a greater fault,”<br> + The Master said, “than this of thine has been;<br> + Therefore thyself disburden of all sadness, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And make account that I am aye beside thee,<br> + If e’er it come to pass that fortune bring thee<br> + Where there are people in a like dispute; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For a base wish it is to wish to hear it.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXXI"></a>Inferno: Canto XXXI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +One and the selfsame tongue first wounded me,<br> + So that it tinged the one cheek and the other,<br> + And then held out to me the medicine; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus do I hear that once Achilles’ spear,<br> + His and his father’s, used to be the cause<br> + First of a sad and then a gracious boon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We turned our backs upon the wretched valley,<br> + Upon the bank that girds it round about,<br> + Going across it without any speech. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There it was less than night, and less than day,<br> + So that my sight went little in advance;<br> + But I could hear the blare of a loud horn, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So loud it would have made each thunder faint,<br> + Which, counter to it following its way,<br> + Mine eyes directed wholly to one place. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the dolorous discomfiture<br> + When Charlemagne the holy emprise lost,<br> + So terribly Orlando sounded not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Short while my head turned thitherward I held<br> + When many lofty towers I seemed to see,<br> + Whereat I: “Master, say, what town is this?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Because thou peerest forth<br> + Athwart the darkness at too great a distance,<br> + It happens that thou errest in thy fancy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well shalt thou see, if thou arrivest there,<br> + How much the sense deceives itself by distance;<br> + Therefore a little faster spur thee on.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then tenderly he took me by the hand,<br> + And said: “Before we farther have advanced,<br> + That the reality may seem to thee +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Less strange, know that these are not towers, but giants,<br> + And they are in the well, around the bank,<br> + From navel downward, one and all of them.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As, when the fog is vanishing away,<br> + Little by little doth the sight refigure<br> + Whate’er the mist that crowds the air conceals, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So, piercing through the dense and darksome air,<br> + More and more near approaching tow’rd the verge,<br> + My error fled, and fear came over me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because as on its circular parapets<br> + Montereggione crowns itself with towers,<br> + E’en thus the margin which surrounds the well +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With one half of their bodies turreted<br> + The horrible giants, whom Jove menaces<br> + E’en now from out the heavens when he thunders. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I of one already saw the face,<br> + Shoulders, and breast, and great part of the belly,<br> + And down along his sides both of the arms. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Certainly Nature, when she left the making<br> + Of animals like these, did well indeed,<br> + By taking such executors from Mars; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if of elephants and whales she doth not<br> + Repent her, whosoever looketh subtly<br> + More just and more discreet will hold her for it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For where the argument of intellect<br> + Is added unto evil will and power,<br> + No rampart can the people make against it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His face appeared to me as long and large<br> + As is at Rome the pine-cone of Saint Peter’s,<br> + And in proportion were the other bones; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that the margin, which an apron was<br> + Down from the middle, showed so much of him<br> + Above it, that to reach up to his hair +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Three Frieslanders in vain had vaunted them;<br> + For I beheld thirty great palms of him<br> + Down from the place where man his mantle buckles. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Raphael mai amech izabi almi,”<br> + Began to clamour the ferocious mouth,<br> + To which were not befitting sweeter psalms. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto him my Guide: “Soul idiotic,<br> + Keep to thy horn, and vent thyself with that,<br> + When wrath or other passion touches thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Search round thy neck, and thou wilt find the belt<br> + Which keeps it fastened, O bewildered soul,<br> + And see it, where it bars thy mighty breast.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said to me: “He doth himself accuse;<br> + This one is Nimrod, by whose evil thought<br> + One language in the world is not still used. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here let us leave him and not speak in vain;<br> + For even such to him is every language<br> + As his to others, which to none is known.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore a longer journey did we make,<br> + Turned to the left, and a crossbow-shot oft<br> + We found another far more fierce and large. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In binding him, who might the master be<br> + I cannot say; but he had pinioned close<br> + Behind the right arm, and in front the other, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With chains, that held him so begirt about<br> + From the neck down, that on the part uncovered<br> + It wound itself as far as the fifth gyre. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“This proud one wished to make experiment<br> + Of his own power against the Supreme Jove,”<br> + My Leader said, “whence he has such a guerdon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ephialtes is his name; he showed great prowess.<br> + What time the giants terrified the gods;<br> + The arms he wielded never more he moves.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “If possible, I should wish<br> + That of the measureless Briareus<br> + These eyes of mine might have experience.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he replied: “Thou shalt behold Antaeus<br> + Close by here, who can speak and is unbound,<br> + Who at the bottom of all crime shall place us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Much farther yon is he whom thou wouldst see,<br> + And he is bound, and fashioned like to this one,<br> + Save that he seems in aspect more ferocious.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There never was an earthquake of such might<br> + That it could shake a tower so violently,<br> + As Ephialtes suddenly shook himself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then was I more afraid of death than ever,<br> + For nothing more was needful than the fear,<br> + If I had not beheld the manacles. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then we proceeded farther in advance,<br> + And to Antaeus came, who, full five ells<br> + Without the head, forth issued from the cavern. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou, who in the valley fortunate,<br> + Which Scipio the heir of glory made,<br> + When Hannibal turned back with all his hosts, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Once brought’st a thousand lions for thy prey,<br> + And who, hadst thou been at the mighty war<br> + Among thy brothers, some it seems still think +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The sons of Earth the victory would have gained:<br> + Place us below, nor be disdainful of it,<br> + There where the cold doth lock Cocytus up. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Make us not go to Tityus nor Typhoeus;<br> + This one can give of that which here is longed for;<br> + Therefore stoop down, and do not curl thy lip. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still in the world can he restore thy fame;<br> + Because he lives, and still expects long life,<br> + If to itself Grace call him not untimely.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So said the Master; and in haste the other<br> + His hands extended and took up my Guide,—<br> + Hands whose great pressure Hercules once felt. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Virgilius, when he felt himself embraced,<br> + Said unto me: “Draw nigh, that I may take thee;”<br> + Then of himself and me one bundle made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As seems the Carisenda, to behold<br> + Beneath the leaning side, when goes a cloud<br> + Above it so that opposite it hangs; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such did Antaeus seem to me, who stood<br> + Watching to see him stoop, and then it was<br> + I could have wished to go some other way. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But lightly in the abyss, which swallows up<br> + Judas with Lucifer, he put us down;<br> + Nor thus bowed downward made he there delay, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But, as a mast does in a ship, uprose. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXXII"></a>Inferno: Canto XXXII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +If I had rhymes both rough and stridulous,<br> + As were appropriate to the dismal hole<br> + Down upon which thrust all the other rocks, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I would press out the juice of my conception<br> + More fully; but because I have them not,<br> + Not without fear I bring myself to speak; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For ’tis no enterprise to take in jest,<br> + To sketch the bottom of all the universe,<br> + Nor for a tongue that cries Mamma and Babbo. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But may those Ladies help this verse of mine,<br> + Who helped Amphion in enclosing Thebes,<br> + That from the fact the word be not diverse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O rabble ill-begotten above all,<br> + Who’re in the place to speak of which is hard,<br> + ’Twere better ye had here been sheep or goats! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we were down within the darksome well,<br> + Beneath the giant’s feet, but lower far,<br> + And I was scanning still the lofty wall, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I heard it said to me: “Look how thou steppest!<br> + Take heed thou do not trample with thy feet<br> + The heads of the tired, miserable brothers!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat I turned me round, and saw before me<br> + And underfoot a lake, that from the frost<br> + The semblance had of glass, and not of water. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So thick a veil ne’er made upon its current<br> + In winter-time Danube in Austria,<br> + Nor there beneath the frigid sky the Don, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As there was here; so that if Tambernich<br> + Had fallen upon it, or Pietrapana,<br> + E’en at the edge ’twould not have given a creak. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as to croak the frog doth place himself<br> + With muzzle out of water,—when is dreaming<br> + Of gleaning oftentimes the peasant-girl,— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Livid, as far down as where shame appears,<br> + Were the disconsolate shades within the ice,<br> + Setting their teeth unto the note of storks. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each one his countenance held downward bent;<br> + From mouth the cold, from eyes the doleful heart<br> + Among them witness of itself procures. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When round about me somewhat I had looked,<br> + I downward turned me, and saw two so close,<br> + The hair upon their heads together mingled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ye who so strain your breasts together, tell me,”<br> + I said, “who are you;” and they bent their necks,<br> + And when to me their faces they had lifted, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Their eyes, which first were only moist within,<br> + Gushed o’er the eyelids, and the frost congealed<br> + The tears between, and locked them up again. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Clamp never bound together wood with wood<br> + So strongly; whereat they, like two he-goats,<br> + Butted together, so much wrath o’ercame them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one, who had by reason of the cold<br> + Lost both his ears, still with his visage downward,<br> + Said: “Why dost thou so mirror thyself in us? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If thou desire to know who these two are,<br> + The valley whence Bisenzio descends<br> + Belonged to them and to their father Albert. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They from one body came, and all Caina<br> + Thou shalt search through, and shalt not find a shade<br> + More worthy to be fixed in gelatine; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not he in whom were broken breast and shadow<br> + At one and the same blow by Arthur’s hand;<br> + Focaccia not; not he who me encumbers +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So with his head I see no farther forward,<br> + And bore the name of Sassol Mascheroni;<br> + Well knowest thou who he was, if thou art Tuscan. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that thou put me not to further speech,<br> + Know that I Camicion de’ Pazzi was,<br> + And wait Carlino to exonerate me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then I beheld a thousand faces, made<br> + Purple with cold; whence o’er me comes a shudder,<br> + And evermore will come, at frozen ponds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And while we were advancing tow’rds the middle,<br> + Where everything of weight unites together,<br> + And I was shivering in the eternal shade, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whether ’twere will, or destiny, or chance,<br> + I know not; but in walking ’mong the heads<br> + I struck my foot hard in the face of one. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Weeping he growled: “Why dost thou trample me?<br> + Unless thou comest to increase the vengeance<br> + of Montaperti, why dost thou molest me?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “My Master, now wait here for me,<br> + That I through him may issue from a doubt;<br> + Then thou mayst hurry me, as thou shalt wish.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Leader stopped; and to that one I said<br> + Who was blaspheming vehemently still:<br> + “Who art thou, that thus reprehendest others?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Now who art thou, that goest through Antenora<br> + Smiting,” replied he, “other people’s cheeks,<br> + So that, if thou wert living, ’twere too much?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Living I am, and dear to thee it may be,”<br> + Was my response, “if thou demandest fame,<br> + That ’mid the other notes thy name I place.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “For the reverse I long;<br> + Take thyself hence, and give me no more trouble;<br> + For ill thou knowest to flatter in this hollow.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then by the scalp behind I seized upon him,<br> + And said: “It must needs be thou name thyself,<br> + Or not a hair remain upon thee here.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he to me: “Though thou strip off my hair,<br> + I will not tell thee who I am, nor show thee,<br> + If on my head a thousand times thou fall.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I had his hair in hand already twisted,<br> + And more than one shock of it had pulled out,<br> + He barking, with his eyes held firmly down, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When cried another: “What doth ail thee, Bocca?<br> + Is’t not enough to clatter with thy jaws,<br> + But thou must bark? what devil touches thee?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Now,” said I, “I care not to have thee speak,<br> + Accursed traitor; for unto thy shame<br> + I will report of thee veracious news.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Begone,” replied he, “and tell what thou wilt,<br> + But be not silent, if thou issue hence,<br> + Of him who had just now his tongue so prompt; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He weepeth here the silver of the French;<br> + ‘I saw,’ thus canst thou phrase it, ‘him of Duera<br> + There where the sinners stand out in the cold.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If thou shouldst questioned be who else was there,<br> + Thou hast beside thee him of Beccaria,<br> + Of whom the gorget Florence slit asunder; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gianni del Soldanier, I think, may be<br> + Yonder with Ganellon, and Tebaldello<br> + Who oped Faenza when the people slep.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already we had gone away from him,<br> + When I beheld two frozen in one hole,<br> + So that one head a hood was to the other; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as bread through hunger is devoured,<br> + The uppermost on the other set his teeth,<br> + There where the brain is to the nape united. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not in another fashion Tydeus gnawed<br> + The temples of Menalippus in disdain,<br> + Than that one did the skull and the other things. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou, who showest by such bestial sign<br> + Thy hatred against him whom thou art eating,<br> + Tell me the wherefore,” said I, “with this compact, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That if thou rightfully of him complain,<br> + In knowing who ye are, and his transgression,<br> + I in the world above repay thee for it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If that wherewith I speak be not dried up.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXXIII"></a>Inferno: Canto XXXIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +His mouth uplifted from his grim repast,<br> + That sinner, wiping it upon the hair<br> + Of the same head that he behind had wasted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he began: “Thou wilt that I renew<br> + The desperate grief, which wrings my heart already<br> + To think of only, ere I speak of it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if my words be seed that may bear fruit<br> + Of infamy to the traitor whom I gnaw,<br> + Speaking and weeping shalt thou see together. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I know not who thou art, nor by what mode<br> + Thou hast come down here; but a Florentine<br> + Thou seemest to me truly, when I hear thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou hast to know I was Count Ugolino,<br> + And this one was Ruggieri the Archbishop;<br> + Now I will tell thee why I am such a neighbour. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That, by effect of his malicious thoughts,<br> + Trusting in him I was made prisoner,<br> + And after put to death, I need not say; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> + But ne’ertheless what thou canst not have heard,<br> + That is to say, how cruel was my death,<br> + Hear shalt thou, and shalt know if he has wronged me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A narrow perforation in the mew,<br> + Which bears because of me the title of Famine,<br> + And in which others still must be locked up, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Had shown me through its opening many moons<br> + Already, when I dreamed the evil dream<br> + Which of the future rent for me the veil. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This one appeared to me as lord and master,<br> + Hunting the wolf and whelps upon the mountain<br> + For which the Pisans cannot Lucca see. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With sleuth-hounds gaunt, and eager, and well trained,<br> + Gualandi with Sismondi and Lanfianchi<br> + He had sent out before him to the front. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After brief course seemed unto me forespent<br> + The father and the sons, and with sharp tushes<br> + It seemed to me I saw their flanks ripped open. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I before the morrow was awake,<br> + Moaning amid their sleep I heard my sons<br> + Who with me were, and asking after bread. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Cruel indeed art thou, if yet thou grieve not,<br> + Thinking of what my heart foreboded me,<br> + And weep’st thou not, what art thou wont to weep at? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They were awake now, and the hour drew nigh<br> + At which our food used to be brought to us,<br> + And through his dream was each one apprehensive; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I heard locking up the under door<br> + Of the horrible tower; whereat without a word<br> + I gazed into the faces of my sons. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I wept not, I within so turned to stone;<br> + They wept; and darling little Anselm mine<br> + Said: ‘Thou dost gaze so, father, what doth ail thee?’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still not a tear I shed, nor answer made<br> + All of that day, nor yet the night thereafter,<br> + Until another sun rose on the world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As now a little glimmer made its way<br> + Into the dolorous prison, and I saw<br> + Upon four faces my own very aspect, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Both of my hands in agony I bit;<br> + And, thinking that I did it from desire<br> + Of eating, on a sudden they uprose, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said they: ‘Father, much less pain ’twill give us<br> + If thou do eat of us; thyself didst clothe us<br> + With this poor flesh, and do thou strip it off.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I calmed me then, not to make them more sad.<br> + That day we all were silent, and the next.<br> + Ah! obdurate earth, wherefore didst thou not open? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we had come unto the fourth day, Gaddo<br> + Threw himself down outstretched before my feet,<br> + Saying, ‘My father, why dost thou not help me?’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And there he died; and, as thou seest me,<br> + I saw the three fall, one by one, between<br> + The fifth day and the sixth; whence I betook me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already blind, to groping over each,<br> + And three days called them after they were dead;<br> + Then hunger did what sorrow could not do.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When he had said this, with his eyes distorted,<br> + The wretched skull resumed he with his teeth,<br> + Which, as a dog’s, upon the bone were strong. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah! Pisa, thou opprobrium of the people<br> + Of the fair land there where the ‘Si’ doth sound,<br> + Since slow to punish thee thy neighbours are, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let the Capraia and Gorgona move,<br> + And make a hedge across the mouth of Arno<br> + That every person in thee it may drown! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For if Count Ugolino had the fame<br> + Of having in thy castles thee betrayed,<br> + Thou shouldst not on such cross have put his sons. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Guiltless of any crime, thou modern Thebes!<br> + Their youth made Uguccione and Brigata,<br> + And the other two my song doth name above! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We passed still farther onward, where the ice<br> + Another people ruggedly enswathes,<br> + Not downward turned, but all of them reversed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Weeping itself there does not let them weep,<br> + And grief that finds a barrier in the eyes<br> + Turns itself inward to increase the anguish; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because the earliest tears a cluster form,<br> + And, in the manner of a crystal visor,<br> + Fill all the cup beneath the eyebrow full. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And notwithstanding that, as in a callus,<br> + Because of cold all sensibility<br> + Its station had abandoned in my face, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still it appeared to me I felt some wind;<br> + Whence I: “My Master, who sets this in motion?<br> + Is not below here every vapour quenched?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he to me: “Full soon shalt thou be where<br> + Thine eye shall answer make to thee of this,<br> + Seeing the cause which raineth down the blast.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one of the wretches of the frozen crust<br> + Cried out to us: “O souls so merciless<br> + That the last post is given unto you, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lift from mine eyes the rigid veils, that I<br> + May vent the sorrow which impregns my heart<br> + A little, e’er the weeping recongeal.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I to him: “If thou wouldst have me help thee<br> + Say who thou wast; and if I free thee not,<br> + May I go to the bottom of the ice.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he replied: “I am Friar Alberigo;<br> + He am I of the fruit of the bad garden,<br> + Who here a date am getting for my fig.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O,” said I to him, “now art thou, too, dead?”<br> + And he to me: “How may my body fare<br> + Up in the world, no knowledge I possess. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such an advantage has this Ptolomaea,<br> + That oftentimes the soul descendeth here<br> + Sooner than Atropos in motion sets it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, that thou mayest more willingly remove<br> + From off my countenance these glassy tears,<br> + Know that as soon as any soul betrays +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As I have done, his body by a demon<br> + Is taken from him, who thereafter rules it,<br> + Until his time has wholly been revolved. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Itself down rushes into such a cistern;<br> + And still perchance above appears the body<br> + Of yonder shade, that winters here behind me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This thou shouldst know, if thou hast just come down;<br> + It is Ser Branca d’ Oria, and many years<br> + Have passed away since he was thus locked up.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I think,” said I to him, “thou dost deceive me;<br> + For Branca d’ Oria is not dead as yet,<br> + And eats, and drinks, and sleeps, and puts on clothes.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“In moat above,” said he, “of Malebranche,<br> + There where is boiling the tenacious pitch,<br> + As yet had Michel Zanche not arrived, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When this one left a devil in his stead<br> + In his own body and one near of kin,<br> + Who made together with him the betrayal. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But hitherward stretch out thy hand forthwith,<br> + Open mine eyes;”—and open them I did not,<br> + And to be rude to him was courtesy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah, Genoese! ye men at variance<br> + With every virtue, full of every vice<br> + Wherefore are ye not scattered from the world? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For with the vilest spirit of Romagna<br> + I found of you one such, who for his deeds<br> + In soul already in Cocytus bathes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And still above in body seems alive! +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoI.XXXIV"></a>Inferno: Canto XXXIV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“‘Vexilla Regis prodeunt Inferni’<br> + Towards us; therefore look in front of thee,”<br> + My Master said, “if thou discernest him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As, when there breathes a heavy fog, or when<br> + Our hemisphere is darkening into night,<br> + Appears far off a mill the wind is turning, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Methought that such a building then I saw;<br> + And, for the wind, I drew myself behind<br> + My Guide, because there was no other shelter. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now was I, and with fear in verse I put it,<br> + There where the shades were wholly covered up,<br> + And glimmered through like unto straws in glass. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Some prone are lying, others stand erect,<br> + This with the head, and that one with the soles;<br> + Another, bow-like, face to feet inverts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When in advance so far we had proceeded,<br> + That it my Master pleased to show to me<br> + The creature who once had the beauteous semblance, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He from before me moved and made me stop,<br> + Saying: “Behold Dis, and behold the place<br> + Where thou with fortitude must arm thyself.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How frozen I became and powerless then,<br> + Ask it not, Reader, for I write it not,<br> + Because all language would be insufficient. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I did not die, and I alive remained not;<br> + Think for thyself now, hast thou aught of wit,<br> + What I became, being of both deprived. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Emperor of the kingdom dolorous<br> + From his mid-breast forth issued from the ice;<br> + And better with a giant I compare +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than do the giants with those arms of his;<br> + Consider now how great must be that whole,<br> + Which unto such a part conforms itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Were he as fair once, as he now is foul,<br> + And lifted up his brow against his Maker,<br> + Well may proceed from him all tribulation. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O, what a marvel it appeared to me,<br> + When I beheld three faces on his head!<br> + The one in front, and that vermilion was; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Two were the others, that were joined with this<br> + Above the middle part of either shoulder,<br> + And they were joined together at the crest; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the right-hand one seemed ’twixt white and yellow;<br> + The left was such to look upon as those<br> + Who come from where the Nile falls valley-ward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Underneath each came forth two mighty wings,<br> + Such as befitting were so great a bird;<br> + Sails of the sea I never saw so large. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> + No feathers had they, but as of a bat<br> + Their fashion was; and he was waving them,<br> + So that three winds proceeded forth therefrom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereby Cocytus wholly was congealed.<br> + With six eyes did he weep, and down three chins<br> + Trickled the tear-drops and the bloody drivel. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At every mouth he with his teeth was crunching<br> + A sinner, in the manner of a brake,<br> + So that he three of them tormented thus. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To him in front the biting was as naught<br> + Unto the clawing, for sometimes the spine<br> + Utterly stripped of all the skin remained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“That soul up there which has the greatest pain,”<br> + The Master said, “is Judas Iscariot;<br> + With head inside, he plies his legs without. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of the two others, who head downward are,<br> + The one who hangs from the black jowl is Brutus;<br> + See how he writhes himself, and speaks no word. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the other, who so stalwart seems, is Cassius.<br> + But night is reascending, and ’tis time<br> + That we depart, for we have seen the whole.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As seemed him good, I clasped him round the neck,<br> + And he the vantage seized of time and place,<br> + And when the wings were opened wide apart, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He laid fast hold upon the shaggy sides;<br> + From fell to fell descended downward then<br> + Between the thick hair and the frozen crust. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we were come to where the thigh revolves<br> + Exactly on the thickness of the haunch,<br> + The Guide, with labour and with hard-drawn breath, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Turned round his head where he had had his legs,<br> + And grappled to the hair, as one who mounts,<br> + So that to Hell I thought we were returning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,”<br> + The Master said, panting as one fatigued,<br> + “Must we perforce depart from so much evil.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then through the opening of a rock he issued,<br> + And down upon the margin seated me;<br> + Then tow’rds me he outstretched his wary step. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I lifted up mine eyes and thought to see<br> + Lucifer in the same way I had left him;<br> + And I beheld him upward hold his legs. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if I then became disquieted,<br> + Let stolid people think who do not see<br> + What the point is beyond which I had passed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Rise up,” the Master said, “upon thy feet;<br> + The way is long, and difficult the road,<br> + And now the sun to middle-tierce returns.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It was not any palace corridor<br> + There where we were, but dungeon natural,<br> + With floor uneven and unease of light. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ere from the abyss I tear myself away,<br> + My Master,” said I when I had arisen,<br> + “To draw me from an error speak a little; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Where is the ice? and how is this one fixed<br> + Thus upside down? and how in such short time<br> + From eve to morn has the sun made his transit?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Thou still imaginest<br> + Thou art beyond the centre, where I grasped<br> + The hair of the fell worm, who mines the world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That side thou wast, so long as I descended;<br> + When round I turned me, thou didst pass the point<br> + To which things heavy draw from every side, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now beneath the hemisphere art come<br> + Opposite that which overhangs the vast<br> + Dry-land, and ’neath whose cope was put to death +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Man who without sin was born and lived.<br> + Thou hast thy feet upon the little sphere<br> + Which makes the other face of the Judecca. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here it is morn when it is evening there;<br> + And he who with his hair a stairway made us<br> + Still fixed remaineth as he was before. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon this side he fell down out of heaven;<br> + And all the land, that whilom here emerged,<br> + For fear of him made of the sea a veil, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And came to our hemisphere; and peradventure<br> + To flee from him, what on this side appears<br> + Left the place vacant here, and back recoiled.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A place there is below, from Beelzebub<br> + As far receding as the tomb extends,<br> + Which not by sight is known, but by the sound +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of a small rivulet, that there descendeth<br> + Through chasm within the stone, which it has gnawed<br> + With course that winds about and slightly falls. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Guide and I into that hidden road<br> + Now entered, to return to the bright world;<br> + And without care of having any rest +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We mounted up, he first and I the second,<br> + Till I beheld through a round aperture<br> + Some of the beauteous things that Heaven doth bear; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thence we came forth to rebehold the stars. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h2><a name="PURGATORIO"></a>PURGATORIO</h2> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.I"></a>Purgatorio: Canto I</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +To run o’er better waters hoists its sail<br> + The little vessel of my genius now,<br> + That leaves behind itself a sea so cruel; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of that second kingdom will I sing<br> + Wherein the human spirit doth purge itself,<br> + And to ascend to heaven becometh worthy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But let dead Poesy here rise again,<br> + O holy Muses, since that I am yours,<br> + And here Calliope somewhat ascend, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My song accompanying with that sound,<br> + Of which the miserable magpies felt<br> + The blow so great, that they despaired of pardon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sweet colour of the oriental sapphire,<br> + That was upgathered in the cloudless aspect<br> + Of the pure air, as far as the first circle, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto mine eyes did recommence delight<br> + Soon as I issued forth from the dead air,<br> + Which had with sadness filled mine eyes and breast. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The beauteous planet, that to love incites,<br> + Was making all the orient to laugh,<br> + Veiling the Fishes that were in her escort. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To the right hand I turned, and fixed my mind<br> + Upon the other pole, and saw four stars<br> + Ne’er seen before save by the primal people. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Rejoicing in their flamelets seemed the heaven.<br> + O thou septentrional and widowed site,<br> + Because thou art deprived of seeing these! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When from regarding them I had withdrawn,<br> + Turning a little to the other pole,<br> + There where the Wain had disappeared already, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw beside me an old man alone,<br> + Worthy of so much reverence in his look,<br> + That more owes not to father any son. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A long beard and with white hair intermingled<br> + He wore, in semblance like unto the tresses,<br> + Of which a double list fell on his breast. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The rays of the four consecrated stars<br> + Did so adorn his countenance with light,<br> + That him I saw as were the sun before him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Who are you? ye who, counter the blind river,<br> + Have fled away from the eternal prison?”<br> + Moving those venerable plumes, he said: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Who guided you? or who has been your lamp<br> + In issuing forth out of the night profound,<br> + That ever black makes the infernal valley? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The laws of the abyss, are they thus broken?<br> + Or is there changed in heaven some council new,<br> + That being damned ye come unto my crags?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then did my Leader lay his grasp upon me,<br> + And with his words, and with his hands and signs,<br> + Reverent he made in me my knees and brow; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then answered him: “I came not of myself;<br> + A Lady from Heaven descended, at whose prayers<br> + I aided this one with my company. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since it is thy will more be unfolded<br> + Of our condition, how it truly is,<br> + Mine cannot be that this should be denied thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This one has never his last evening seen,<br> + But by his folly was so near to it<br> + That very little time was there to turn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As I have said, I unto him was sent<br> + To rescue him, and other way was none<br> + Than this to which I have myself betaken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I’ve shown him all the people of perdition,<br> + And now those spirits I intend to show<br> + Who purge themselves beneath thy guardianship. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How I have brought him would be long to tell thee.<br> + Virtue descendeth from on high that aids me<br> + To lead him to behold thee and to hear thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now may it please thee to vouchsafe his coming;<br> + He seeketh Liberty, which is so dear,<br> + As knoweth he who life for her refuses. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou know’st it; since, for her, to thee not bitter<br> + Was death in Utica, where thou didst leave<br> + The vesture, that will shine so, the great day. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By us the eternal edicts are not broken;<br> + Since this one lives, and Minos binds not me;<br> + But of that circle I, where are the chaste +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Eyes of thy Marcia, who in looks still prays thee,<br> + O holy breast, to hold her as thine own;<br> + For her love, then, incline thyself to us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Permit us through thy sevenfold realm to go;<br> + I will take back this grace from thee to her,<br> + If to be mentioned there below thou deignest.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Marcia so pleasing was unto mine eyes<br> + While I was on the other side,” then said he,<br> + “That every grace she wished of me I granted; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now that she dwells beyond the evil river,<br> + She can no longer move me, by that law<br> + Which, when I issued forth from there, was made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if a Lady of Heaven do move and rule thee,<br> + As thou dost say, no flattery is needful;<br> + Let it suffice thee that for her thou ask me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Go, then, and see thou gird this one about<br> + With a smooth rush, and that thou wash his face,<br> + So that thou cleanse away all stain therefrom, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For ’twere not fitting that the eye o’ercast<br> + By any mist should go before the first<br> + Angel, who is of those of Paradise. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This little island round about its base<br> + Below there, yonder, where the billow beats it,<br> + Doth rushes bear upon its washy ooze; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No other plant that putteth forth the leaf,<br> + Or that doth indurate, can there have life,<br> + Because it yieldeth not unto the shocks. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter be not this way your return;<br> + The sun, which now is rising, will direct you<br> + To take the mount by easier ascent.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With this he vanished; and I raised me up<br> + Without a word, and wholly drew myself<br> + Unto my Guide, and turned mine eyes to him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he began: “Son, follow thou my steps;<br> + Let us turn back, for on this side declines<br> + The plain unto its lower boundaries.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The dawn was vanquishing the matin hour<br> + Which fled before it, so that from afar<br> + I recognised the trembling of the sea. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Along the solitary plain we went<br> + As one who unto the lost road returns,<br> + And till he finds it seems to go in vain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as we were come to where the dew<br> + Fights with the sun, and, being in a part<br> + Where shadow falls, little evaporates, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Both of his hands upon the grass outspread<br> + In gentle manner did my Master place;<br> + Whence I, who of his action was aware, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Extended unto him my tearful cheeks;<br> + There did he make in me uncovered wholly<br> + That hue which Hell had covered up in me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then came we down upon the desert shore<br> + Which never yet saw navigate its waters<br> + Any that afterward had known return. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There he begirt me as the other pleased;<br> + O marvellous! for even as he culled<br> + The humble plant, such it sprang up again +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Suddenly there where he uprooted it. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.II"></a>Purgatorio: Canto II</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already had the sun the horizon reached<br> + Whose circle of meridian covers o’er<br> + Jerusalem with its most lofty point, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And night that opposite to him revolves<br> + Was issuing forth from Ganges with the Scales<br> + That fall from out her hand when she exceedeth; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that the white and the vermilion cheeks<br> + Of beautiful Aurora, where I was,<br> + By too great age were changing into orange. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We still were on the border of the sea,<br> + Like people who are thinking of their road,<br> + Who go in heart and with the body stay; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! as when, upon the approach of morning,<br> + Through the gross vapours Mars grows fiery red<br> + Down in the West upon the ocean floor, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Appeared to me—may I again behold it!—<br> + A light along the sea so swiftly coming,<br> + Its motion by no flight of wing is equalled; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From which when I a little had withdrawn<br> + Mine eyes, that I might question my Conductor,<br> + Again I saw it brighter grown and larger. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then on each side of it appeared to me<br> + I knew not what of white, and underneath it<br> + Little by little there came forth another. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Master yet had uttered not a word<br> + While the first whiteness into wings unfolded;<br> + But when he clearly recognised the pilot, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He cried: “Make haste, make haste to bow the knee!<br> + Behold the Angel of God! fold thou thy hands!<br> + Henceforward shalt thou see such officers! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +See how he scorneth human arguments,<br> + So that nor oar he wants, nor other sail<br> + Than his own wings, between so distant shores. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +See how he holds them pointed up to heaven,<br> + Fanning the air with the eternal pinions,<br> + That do not moult themselves like mortal hair!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then as still nearer and more near us came<br> + The Bird Divine, more radiant he appeared,<br> + So that near by the eye could not endure him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But down I cast it; and he came to shore<br> + With a small vessel, very swift and light,<br> + So that the water swallowed naught thereof. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the stern stood the Celestial Pilot;<br> + Beatitude seemed written in his face,<br> + And more than a hundred spirits sat within. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“In exitu Israel de Aegypto!”<br> + They chanted all together in one voice,<br> + With whatso in that psalm is after written. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then made he sign of holy rood upon them,<br> + Whereat all cast themselves upon the shore,<br> + And he departed swiftly as he came. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The throng which still remained there unfamiliar<br> + Seemed with the place, all round about them gazing,<br> + As one who in new matters makes essay. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On every side was darting forth the day.<br> + The sun, who had with his resplendent shafts<br> + From the mid-heaven chased forth the Capricorn, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When the new people lifted up their faces<br> + Towards us, saying to us: “If ye know,<br> + Show us the way to go unto the mountain.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And answer made Virgilius: “Ye believe<br> + Perchance that we have knowledge of this place,<br> + But we are strangers even as yourselves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Just now we came, a little while before you,<br> + Another way, which was so rough and steep,<br> + That mounting will henceforth seem sport to us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The souls who had, from seeing me draw breath,<br> + Become aware that I was still alive,<br> + Pallid in their astonishment became; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as to messenger who bears the olive<br> + The people throng to listen to the news,<br> + And no one shows himself afraid of crowding, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So at the sight of me stood motionless<br> + Those fortunate spirits, all of them, as if<br> + Oblivious to go and make them fair. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One from among them saw I coming forward,<br> + As to embrace me, with such great affection,<br> + That it incited me to do the like. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O empty shadows, save in aspect only!<br> + Three times behind it did I clasp my hands,<br> + As oft returned with them to my own breast! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I think with wonder I depicted me;<br> + Whereat the shadow smiled and backward drew;<br> + And I, pursuing it, pressed farther forward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gently it said that I should stay my steps;<br> + Then knew I who it was, and I entreated<br> + That it would stop awhile to speak with me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It made reply to me: “Even as I loved thee<br> + In mortal body, so I love thee free;<br> + Therefore I stop; but wherefore goest thou?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“My own Casella! to return once more<br> + There where I am, I make this journey,” said I;<br> + “But how from thee has so much time be taken?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “No outrage has been done me,<br> + If he who takes both when and whom he pleases<br> + Has many times denied to me this passage, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For of a righteous will his own is made.<br> + He, sooth to say, for three months past has taken<br> + Whoever wished to enter with all peace; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I, who now had turned unto that shore<br> + Where salt the waters of the Tiber grow,<br> + Benignantly by him have been received. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto that outlet now his wing is pointed,<br> + Because for evermore assemble there<br> + Those who tow’rds Acheron do not descend.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “If some new law take not from thee<br> + Memory or practice of the song of love,<br> + Which used to quiet in me all my longings, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thee may it please to comfort therewithal<br> + Somewhat this soul of mine, that with its body<br> + Hitherward coming is so much distressed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Love, that within my mind discourses with me,”<br> + Forthwith began he so melodiously,<br> + The melody within me still is sounding. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Master, and myself, and all that people<br> + Which with him were, appeared as satisfied<br> + As if naught else might touch the mind of any. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We all of us were moveless and attentive<br> + Unto his notes; and lo! the grave old man,<br> + Exclaiming: “What is this, ye laggard spirits? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What negligence, what standing still is this?<br> + Run to the mountain to strip off the slough,<br> + That lets not God be manifest to you.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as when, collecting grain or tares,<br> + The doves, together at their pasture met,<br> + Quiet, nor showing their accustomed pride, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If aught appear of which they are afraid,<br> + Upon a sudden leave their food alone,<br> + Because they are assailed by greater care; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that fresh company did I behold<br> + The song relinquish, and go tow’rds the hill,<br> + As one who goes, and knows not whitherward; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor was our own departure less in haste. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.III"></a>Purgatorio: Canto III</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Inasmuch as the instantaneous flight<br> + Had scattered them asunder o’er the plain,<br> + Turned to the mountain whither reason spurs us, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I pressed me close unto my faithful comrade,<br> + And how without him had I kept my course?<br> + Who would have led me up along the mountain? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He seemed to me within himself remorseful;<br> + O noble conscience, and without a stain,<br> + How sharp a sting is trivial fault to thee! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After his feet had laid aside the haste<br> + Which mars the dignity of every act,<br> + My mind, that hitherto had been restrained, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let loose its faculties as if delighted,<br> + And I my sight directed to the hill<br> + That highest tow’rds the heaven uplifts itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The sun, that in our rear was flaming red,<br> + Was broken in front of me into the figure<br> + Which had in me the stoppage of its rays; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto one side I turned me, with the fear<br> + Of being left alone, when I beheld<br> + Only in front of me the ground obscured. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Why dost thou still mistrust?” my Comforter<br> + Began to say to me turned wholly round;<br> + “Dost thou not think me with thee, and that I guide thee? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Tis evening there already where is buried<br> + The body within which I cast a shadow;<br> + ’Tis from Brundusium ta’en, and Naples has it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now if in front of me no shadow fall,<br> + Marvel not at it more than at the heavens,<br> + Because one ray impedeth not another +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To suffer torments, both of cold and heat,<br> + Bodies like this that Power provides, which wills<br> + That how it works be not unveiled to us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Insane is he who hopeth that our reason<br> + Can traverse the illimitable way,<br> + Which the one Substance in three Persons follows! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Mortals, remain contented at the ‘Quia;’<br> + For if ye had been able to see all,<br> + No need there were for Mary to give birth; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And ye have seen desiring without fruit,<br> + Those whose desire would have been quieted,<br> + Which evermore is given them for a grief. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I speak of Aristotle and of Plato,<br> + And many others;”—and here bowed his head,<br> + And more he said not, and remained disturbed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We came meanwhile unto the mountain’s foot;<br> + There so precipitate we found the rock,<br> + That nimble legs would there have been in vain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twixt Lerici and Turbia, the most desert,<br> + The most secluded pathway is a stair<br> + Easy and open, if compared with that. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Who knoweth now upon which hand the hill<br> + Slopes down,” my Master said, his footsteps staying,<br> + “So that who goeth without wings may mount?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And while he held his eyes upon the ground<br> + Examining the nature of the path,<br> + And I was looking up around the rock, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On the left hand appeared to me a throng<br> + Of souls, that moved their feet in our direction,<br> + And did not seem to move, they came so slowly. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Lift up thine eyes,” I to the Master said;<br> + “Behold, on this side, who will give us counsel,<br> + If thou of thine own self can have it not.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he looked at me, and with frank expression<br> + Replied: “Let us go there, for they come slowly,<br> + And thou be steadfast in thy hope, sweet son.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still was that people as far off from us,<br> + After a thousand steps of ours I say,<br> + As a good thrower with his hand would reach, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When they all crowded unto the hard masses<br> + Of the high bank, and motionless stood and close,<br> + As he stands still to look who goes in doubt. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O happy dead! O spirits elect already!”<br> + Virgilius made beginning, “by that peace<br> + Which I believe is waiting for you all, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tell us upon what side the mountain slopes,<br> + So that the going up be possible,<br> + For to lose time irks him most who most knows.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As sheep come issuing forth from out the fold<br> + By ones and twos and threes, and the others stand<br> + Timidly, holding down their eyes and nostrils, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And what the foremost does the others do,<br> + Huddling themselves against her, if she stop,<br> + Simple and quiet and the wherefore know not; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So moving to approach us thereupon<br> + I saw the leader of that fortunate flock,<br> + Modest in face and dignified in gait. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as those in the advance saw broken<br> + The light upon the ground at my right side,<br> + So that from me the shadow reached the rock, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They stopped, and backward drew themselves somewhat;<br> + And all the others, who came after them,<br> + Not knowing why nor wherefore, did the same. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Without your asking, I confess to you<br> + This is a human body which you see,<br> + Whereby the sunshine on the ground is cleft. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Marvel ye not thereat, but be persuaded<br> + That not without a power which comes from Heaven<br> + Doth he endeavour to surmount this wall.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Master thus; and said those worthy people:<br> + “Return ye then, and enter in before us,”<br> + Making a signal with the back o’ the hand +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one of them began: “Whoe’er thou art,<br> + Thus going turn thine eyes, consider well<br> + If e’er thou saw me in the other world.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I turned me tow’rds him, and looked at him closely;<br> + Blond was he, beautiful, and of noble aspect,<br> + But one of his eyebrows had a blow divided. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When with humility I had disclaimed<br> + E’er having seen him, “Now behold!” he said,<br> + And showed me high upon his breast a wound. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said he with a smile: “I am Manfredi,<br> + The grandson of the Empress Costanza;<br> + Therefore, when thou returnest, I beseech thee +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Go to my daughter beautiful, the mother<br> + Of Sicily’s honour and of Aragon’s,<br> + And the truth tell her, if aught else be told. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After I had my body lacerated<br> + By these two mortal stabs, I gave myself<br> + Weeping to Him, who willingly doth pardon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Horrible my iniquities had been;<br> + But Infinite Goodness hath such ample arms,<br> + That it receives whatever turns to it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Had but Cosenza’s pastor, who in chase<br> + Of me was sent by Clement at that time,<br> + In God read understandingly this page, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The bones of my dead body still would be<br> + At the bridge-head, near unto Benevento,<br> + Under the safeguard of the heavy cairn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now the rain bathes and moveth them the wind,<br> + Beyond the realm, almost beside the Verde,<br> + Where he transported them with tapers quenched. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By malison of theirs is not so lost<br> + Eternal Love, that it cannot return,<br> + So long as hope has anything of green. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +True is it, who in contumacy dies<br> + Of Holy Church, though penitent at last,<br> + Must wait upon the outside this bank +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thirty times told the time that he has been<br> + In his presumption, unless such decree<br> + Shorter by means of righteous prayers become. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +See now if thou hast power to make me happy,<br> + By making known unto my good Costanza<br> + How thou hast seen me, and this ban beside, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For those on earth can much advance us here.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.IV"></a>Purgatorio: Canto IV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whenever by delight or else by pain,<br> + That seizes any faculty of ours,<br> + Wholly to that the soul collects itself, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It seemeth that no other power it heeds;<br> + And this against that error is which thinks<br> + One soul above another kindles in us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And hence, whenever aught is heard or seen<br> + Which keeps the soul intently bent upon it,<br> + Time passes on, and we perceive it not, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because one faculty is that which listens,<br> + And other that which the soul keeps entire;<br> + This is as if in bonds, and that is free. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of this I had experience positive<br> + In hearing and in gazing at that spirit;<br> + For fifty full degrees uprisen was +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The sun, and I had not perceived it, when<br> + We came to where those souls with one accord<br> + Cried out unto us: “Here is what you ask.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A greater opening ofttimes hedges up<br> + With but a little forkful of his thorns<br> + The villager, what time the grape imbrowns, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than was the passage-way through which ascended<br> + Only my Leader and myself behind him,<br> + After that company departed from us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One climbs Sanleo and descends in Noli,<br> + And mounts the summit of Bismantova,<br> + With feet alone; but here one needs must fly; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With the swift pinions and the plumes I say<br> + Of great desire, conducted after him<br> + Who gave me hope, and made a light for me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We mounted upward through the rifted rock,<br> + And on each side the border pressed upon us,<br> + And feet and hands the ground beneath required. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we were come upon the upper rim<br> + Of the high bank, out on the open slope,<br> + “My Master,” said I, “what way shall we take?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “No step of thine descend;<br> + Still up the mount behind me win thy way,<br> + Till some sage escort shall appear to us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The summit was so high it vanquished sight,<br> + And the hillside precipitous far more<br> + Than line from middle quadrant to the centre. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Spent with fatigue was I, when I began:<br> + “O my sweet Father! turn thee and behold<br> + How I remain alone, unless thou stay!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O son,” he said, “up yonder drag thyself,”<br> + Pointing me to a terrace somewhat higher,<br> + Which on that side encircles all the hill. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These words of his so spurred me on, that I<br> + Strained every nerve, behind him scrambling up,<br> + Until the circle was beneath my feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereon ourselves we seated both of us<br> + Turned to the East, from which we had ascended,<br> + For all men are delighted to look back. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To the low shores mine eyes I first directed,<br> + Then to the sun uplifted them, and wondered<br> + That on the left hand we were smitten by it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Poet well perceived that I was wholly<br> + Bewildered at the chariot of the light,<br> + Where ’twixt us and the Aquilon it entered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereon he said to me: “If Castor and Pollux<br> + Were in the company of yonder mirror,<br> + That up and down conducteth with its light, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou wouldst behold the zodiac’s jagged wheel<br> + Revolving still more near unto the Bears,<br> + Unless it swerved aside from its old track. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How that may be wouldst thou have power to think,<br> + Collected in thyself, imagine Zion<br> + Together with this mount on earth to stand, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that they both one sole horizon have,<br> + And hemispheres diverse; whereby the road<br> + Which Phaeton, alas! knew not to drive, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou’lt see how of necessity must pass<br> + This on one side, when that upon the other,<br> + If thine intelligence right clearly heed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Truly, my Master,” said I, “never yet<br> + Saw I so clearly as I now discern,<br> + There where my wit appeared incompetent, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That the mid-circle of supernal motion,<br> + Which in some art is the Equator called,<br> + And aye remains between the Sun and Winter, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For reason which thou sayest, departeth hence<br> + Tow’rds the Septentrion, what time the Hebrews<br> + Beheld it tow’rds the region of the heat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But, if it pleaseth thee, I fain would learn<br> + How far we have to go; for the hill rises<br> + Higher than eyes of mine have power to rise.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “This mount is such, that ever<br> + At the beginning down below ’tis tiresome,<br> + And aye the more one climbs, the less it hurts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore, when it shall seem so pleasant to thee,<br> + That going up shall be to thee as easy<br> + As going down the current in a boat, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then at this pathway’s ending thou wilt be;<br> + There to repose thy panting breath expect;<br> + No more I answer; and this I know for true.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as he finished uttering these words,<br> + A voice close by us sounded: “Peradventure<br> + Thou wilt have need of sitting down ere that.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At sound thereof each one of us turned round,<br> + And saw upon the left hand a great rock,<br> + Which neither I nor he before had noticed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thither we drew; and there were persons there<br> + Who in the shadow stood behind the rock,<br> + As one through indolence is wont to stand. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one of them, who seemed to me fatigued,<br> + Was sitting down, and both his knees embraced,<br> + Holding his face low down between them bowed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O my sweet Lord,” I said, “do turn thine eye<br> + On him who shows himself more negligent<br> + Then even Sloth herself his sister were.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he turned round to us, and he gave heed,<br> + Just lifting up his eyes above his thigh,<br> + And said: “Now go thou up, for thou art valiant.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then knew I who he was; and the distress,<br> + That still a little did my breathing quicken,<br> + My going to him hindered not; and after +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I came to him he hardly raised his head,<br> + Saying: “Hast thou seen clearly how the sun<br> + O’er thy left shoulder drives his chariot?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His sluggish attitude and his curt words<br> + A little unto laughter moved my lips;<br> + Then I began: “Belacqua, I grieve not +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For thee henceforth; but tell me, wherefore seated<br> + In this place art thou? Waitest thou an escort?<br> + Or has thy usual habit seized upon thee?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he: “O brother, what’s the use of climbing?<br> + Since to my torment would not let me go<br> + The Angel of God, who sitteth at the gate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +First heaven must needs so long revolve me round<br> + Outside thereof, as in my life it did,<br> + Since the good sighs I to the end postponed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unless, e’er that, some prayer may bring me aid<br> + Which rises from a heart that lives in grace;<br> + What profit others that in heaven are heard not?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Meanwhile the Poet was before me mounting,<br> + And saying: “Come now; see the sun has touched<br> + Meridian, and from the shore the night +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Covers already with her foot Morocco.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.V"></a>Purgatorio: Canto V</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +I had already from those shades departed,<br> + And followed in the footsteps of my Guide,<br> + When from behind, pointing his finger at me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One shouted: “See, it seems as if shone not<br> + The sunshine on the left of him below,<br> + And like one living seems he to conduct him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Mine eyes I turned at utterance of these words,<br> + And saw them watching with astonishment<br> + But me, but me, and the light which was broken! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Why doth thy mind so occupy itself,”<br> + The Master said, “that thou thy pace dost slacken?<br> + What matters it to thee what here is whispered? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come after me, and let the people talk;<br> + Stand like a steadfast tower, that never wags<br> + Its top for all the blowing of the winds; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For evermore the man in whom is springing<br> + Thought upon thought, removes from him the mark,<br> + Because the force of one the other weakens.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What could I say in answer but “I come”?<br> + I said it somewhat with that colour tinged<br> + Which makes a man of pardon sometimes worthy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Meanwhile along the mountain-side across<br> + Came people in advance of us a little,<br> + Singing the Miserere verse by verse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When they became aware I gave no place<br> + For passage of the sunshine through my body,<br> + They changed their song into a long, hoarse “Oh!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And two of them, in form of messengers,<br> + Ran forth to meet us, and demanded of us,<br> + “Of your condition make us cognisant.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said my Master: “Ye can go your way<br> + And carry back again to those who sent you,<br> + That this one’s body is of very flesh. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If they stood still because they saw his shadow,<br> + As I suppose, enough is answered them;<br> + Him let them honour, it may profit them.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Vapours enkindled saw I ne’er so swiftly<br> + At early nightfall cleave the air serene,<br> + Nor, at the set of sun, the clouds of August, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But upward they returned in briefer time,<br> + And, on arriving, with the others wheeled<br> + Tow’rds us, like troops that run without a rein. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“This folk that presses unto us is great,<br> + And cometh to implore thee,” said the Poet;<br> + “So still go onward, and in going listen.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O soul that goest to beatitude<br> + With the same members wherewith thou wast born,”<br> + Shouting they came, “a little stay thy steps, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Look, if thou e’er hast any of us seen,<br> + So that o’er yonder thou bear news of him;<br> + Ah, why dost thou go on? Ah, why not stay? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Long since we all were slain by violence,<br> + And sinners even to the latest hour;<br> + Then did a light from heaven admonish us, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that, both penitent and pardoning, forth<br> + From life we issued reconciled to God,<br> + Who with desire to see Him stirs our hearts.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “Although I gaze into your faces,<br> + No one I recognize; but if may please you<br> + Aught I have power to do, ye well-born spirits, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Speak ye, and I will do it, by that peace<br> + Which, following the feet of such a Guide,<br> + From world to world makes itself sought by me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one began: “Each one has confidence<br> + In thy good offices without an oath,<br> + Unless the I cannot cut off the I will; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I, who speak alone before the others,<br> + Pray thee, if ever thou dost see the land<br> + That ’twixt Romagna lies and that of Charles, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou be so courteous to me of thy prayers<br> + In Fano, that they pray for me devoutly,<br> + That I may purge away my grave offences. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From thence was I; but the deep wounds, through which<br> + Issued the blood wherein I had my seat,<br> + Were dealt me in bosom of the Antenori, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There where I thought to be the most secure;<br> + ’Twas he of Este had it done, who held me<br> + In hatred far beyond what justice willed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if towards the Mira I had fled,<br> + When I was overtaken at Oriaco,<br> + I still should be o’er yonder where men breathe. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I ran to the lagoon, and reeds and mire<br> + Did so entangle me I fell, and saw there<br> + A lake made from my veins upon the ground.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said another: “Ah, be that desire<br> + Fulfilled that draws thee to the lofty mountain,<br> + As thou with pious pity aidest mine. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was of Montefeltro, and am Buonconte;<br> + Giovanna, nor none other cares for me;<br> + Hence among these I go with downcast front.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “What violence or what chance<br> + Led thee astray so far from Campaldino,<br> + That never has thy sepulture been known?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Oh,” he replied, “at Casentino’s foot<br> + A river crosses named Archiano, born<br> + Above the Hermitage in Apennine. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There where the name thereof becometh void<br> + Did I arrive, pierced through and through the throat,<br> + Fleeing on foot, and bloodying the plain; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There my sight lost I, and my utterance<br> + Ceased in the name of Mary, and thereat<br> + I fell, and tenantless my flesh remained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truth will I speak, repeat it to the living;<br> + God’s Angel took me up, and he of hell<br> + Shouted: ‘O thou from heaven, why dost thou rob me? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou bearest away the eternal part of him,<br> + For one poor little tear, that takes him from me;<br> + But with the rest I’ll deal in other fashion!’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well knowest thou how in the air is gathered<br> + That humid vapour which to water turns,<br> + Soon as it rises where the cold doth grasp it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He joined that evil will, which aye seeks evil,<br> + To intellect, and moved the mist and wind<br> + By means of power, which his own nature gave; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter, when the day was spent, the valley<br> + From Pratomagno to the great yoke covered<br> + With fog, and made the heaven above intent, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that the pregnant air to water changed;<br> + Down fell the rain, and to the gullies came<br> + Whate’er of it earth tolerated not; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as it mingled with the mighty torrents,<br> + Towards the royal river with such speed<br> + It headlong rushed, that nothing held it back. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My frozen body near unto its outlet<br> + The robust Archian found, and into Arno<br> + Thrust it, and loosened from my breast the cross +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I made of me, when agony o’ercame me;<br> + It rolled me on the banks and on the bottom,<br> + Then with its booty covered and begirt me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ah, when thou hast returned unto the world,<br> + And rested thee from thy long journeying,”<br> + After the second followed the third spirit, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Do thou remember me who am the Pia;<br> + Siena made me, unmade me Maremma;<br> + He knoweth it, who had encircled first, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Espousing me, my finger with his gem.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.VI"></a>Purgatorio: Canto VI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whene’er is broken up the game of Zara,<br> + He who has lost remains behind despondent,<br> + The throws repeating, and in sadness learns; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The people with the other all depart;<br> + One goes in front, and one behind doth pluck him,<br> + And at his side one brings himself to mind; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He pauses not, and this and that one hears;<br> + They crowd no more to whom his hand he stretches,<br> + And from the throng he thus defends himself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even such was I in that dense multitude,<br> + Turning to them this way and that my face,<br> + And, promising, I freed myself therefrom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There was the Aretine, who from the arms<br> + Untamed of Ghin di Tacco had his death,<br> + And he who fleeing from pursuit was drowned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There was imploring with his hands outstretched<br> + Frederick Novello, and that one of Pisa<br> + Who made the good Marzucco seem so strong. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw Count Orso; and the soul divided<br> + By hatred and by envy from its body,<br> + As it declared, and not for crime committed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Pierre de la Brosse I say; and here provide<br> + While still on earth the Lady of Brabant,<br> + So that for this she be of no worse flock! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as I was free from all those shades<br> + Who only prayed that some one else may pray,<br> + So as to hasten their becoming holy, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Began I: “It appears that thou deniest,<br> + O light of mine, expressly in some text,<br> + That orison can bend decree of Heaven; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And ne’ertheless these people pray for this.<br> + Might then their expectation bootless be?<br> + Or is to me thy saying not quite clear?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “My writing is explicit,<br> + And not fallacious is the hope of these,<br> + If with sane intellect ’tis well regarded; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For top of judgment doth not vail itself,<br> + Because the fire of love fulfils at once<br> + What he must satisfy who here installs him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And there, where I affirmed that proposition,<br> + Defect was not amended by a prayer,<br> + Because the prayer from God was separate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Verily, in so deep a questioning<br> + Do not decide, unless she tell it thee,<br> + Who light ’twixt truth and intellect shall be. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I know not if thou understand; I speak<br> + Of Beatrice; her shalt thou see above,<br> + Smiling and happy, on this mountain’s top.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “Good Leader, let us make more haste,<br> + For I no longer tire me as before;<br> + And see, e’en now the hill a shadow casts.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“We will go forward with this day” he answered,<br> + “As far as now is possible for us;<br> + But otherwise the fact is than thou thinkest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ere thou art up there, thou shalt see return<br> + Him, who now hides himself behind the hill,<br> + So that thou dost not interrupt his rays. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But yonder there behold! a soul that stationed<br> + All, all alone is looking hitherward;<br> + It will point out to us the quickest way.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We came up unto it; O Lombard soul,<br> + How lofty and disdainful thou didst bear thee,<br> + And grand and slow in moving of thine eyes! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nothing whatever did it say to us,<br> + But let us go our way, eying us only<br> + After the manner of a couchant lion; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still near to it Virgilius drew, entreating<br> + That it would point us out the best ascent;<br> + And it replied not unto his demand, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But of our native land and of our life<br> + It questioned us; and the sweet Guide began:<br> + “Mantua,”—and the shade, all in itself recluse, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Rose tow’rds him from the place where first it was,<br> + Saying: “O Mantuan, I am Sordello<br> + Of thine own land!” and one embraced the other. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah! servile Italy, grief’s hostelry!<br> + A ship without a pilot in great tempest!<br> + No Lady thou of Provinces, but brothel! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That noble soul was so impatient, only<br> + At the sweet sound of his own native land,<br> + To make its citizen glad welcome there; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now within thee are not without war<br> + Thy living ones, and one doth gnaw the other<br> + Of those whom one wall and one fosse shut in! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Search, wretched one, all round about the shores<br> + Thy seaboard, and then look within thy bosom,<br> + If any part of thee enjoyeth peace! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What boots it, that for thee Justinian<br> + The bridle mend, if empty be the saddle?<br> + Withouten this the shame would be the less. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah! people, thou that oughtest to be devout,<br> + And to let Caesar sit upon the saddle,<br> + If well thou hearest what God teacheth thee, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold how fell this wild beast has become,<br> + Being no longer by the spur corrected,<br> + Since thou hast laid thy hand upon the bridle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O German Albert! who abandonest<br> + Her that has grown recalcitrant and savage,<br> + And oughtest to bestride her saddle-bow, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +May a just judgment from the stars down fall<br> + Upon thy blood, and be it new and open,<br> + That thy successor may have fear thereof; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because thy father and thyself have suffered,<br> + By greed of those transalpine lands distrained,<br> + The garden of the empire to be waste. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come and behold Montecchi and Cappelletti,<br> + Monaldi and Fillippeschi, careless man!<br> + Those sad already, and these doubt-depressed! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come, cruel one! come and behold the oppression<br> + Of thy nobility, and cure their wounds,<br> + And thou shalt see how safe is Santafiore! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come and behold thy Rome, that is lamenting,<br> + Widowed, alone, and day and night exclaims,<br> + “My Caesar, why hast thou forsaken me?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come and behold how loving are the people;<br> + And if for us no pity moveth thee,<br> + Come and be made ashamed of thy renown! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if it lawful be, O Jove Supreme!<br> + Who upon earth for us wast crucified,<br> + Are thy just eyes averted otherwhere? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Or preparation is ’t, that, in the abyss<br> + Of thine own counsel, for some good thou makest<br> + From our perception utterly cut off? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For all the towns of Italy are full<br> + Of tyrants, and becometh a Marcellus<br> + Each peasant churl who plays the partisan! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Florence! well mayst thou contented be<br> + With this digression, which concerns thee not,<br> + Thanks to thy people who such forethought take! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Many at heart have justice, but shoot slowly,<br> + That unadvised they come not to the bow,<br> + But on their very lips thy people have it! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Many refuse to bear the common burden;<br> + But thy solicitous people answereth<br> + Without being asked, and crieth: “I submit.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now be thou joyful, for thou hast good reason;<br> + Thou affluent, thou in peace, thou full of wisdom!<br> + If I speak true, the event conceals it not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Athens and Lacedaemon, they who made<br> + The ancient laws, and were so civilized,<br> + Made towards living well a little sign +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Compared with thee, who makest such fine-spun<br> + Provisions, that to middle of November<br> + Reaches not what thou in October spinnest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How oft, within the time of thy remembrance,<br> + Laws, money, offices, and usages<br> + Hast thou remodelled, and renewed thy members? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if thou mind thee well, and see the light,<br> + Thou shalt behold thyself like a sick woman,<br> + Who cannot find repose upon her down, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But by her tossing wardeth off her pain. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.VII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto VII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the gracious and glad salutations<br> + Had three and four times been reiterated,<br> + Sordello backward drew and said, “Who are you?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Or ever to this mountain were directed<br> + The souls deserving to ascend to God,<br> + My bones were buried by Octavian. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I am Virgilius; and for no crime else<br> + Did I lose heaven, than for not having faith;”<br> + In this wise then my Leader made reply. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As one who suddenly before him sees<br> + Something whereat he marvels, who believes<br> + And yet does not, saying, “It is! it is not!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So he appeared; and then bowed down his brow,<br> + And with humility returned towards him,<br> + And, where inferiors embrace, embraced him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O glory of the Latians, thou,” he said,<br> + “Through whom our language showed what it could do<br> + O pride eternal of the place I came from, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What merit or what grace to me reveals thee?<br> + If I to hear thy words be worthy, tell me<br> + If thou dost come from Hell, and from what cloister.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Through all the circles of the doleful realm,”<br> + Responded he, “have I come hitherward;<br> + Heaven’s power impelled me, and with that I come. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I by not doing, not by doing, lost<br> + The sight of that high sun which thou desirest,<br> + And which too late by me was recognized. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A place there is below not sad with torments,<br> + But darkness only, where the lamentations<br> + Have not the sound of wailing, but are sighs. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There dwell I with the little innocents<br> + Snatched by the teeth of Death, or ever they<br> + Were from our human sinfulness exempt. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There dwell I among those who the three saintly<br> + Virtues did not put on, and without vice<br> + The others knew and followed all of them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if thou know and can, some indication<br> + Give us by which we may the sooner come<br> + Where Purgatory has its right beginning.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He answered: “No fixed place has been assigned us;<br> + ’Tis lawful for me to go up and round;<br> + So far as I can go, as guide I join thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But see already how the day declines,<br> + And to go up by night we are not able;<br> + Therefore ’tis well to think of some fair sojourn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Souls are there on the right hand here withdrawn;<br> + If thou permit me I will lead thee to them,<br> + And thou shalt know them not without delight.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“How is this?” was the answer; “should one wish<br> + To mount by night would he prevented be<br> + By others? or mayhap would not have power?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And on the ground the good Sordello drew<br> + His finger, saying, “See, this line alone<br> + Thou couldst not pass after the sun is gone; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not that aught else would hindrance give, however,<br> + To going up, save the nocturnal darkness;<br> + This with the want of power the will perplexes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We might indeed therewith return below,<br> + And, wandering, walk the hill-side round about,<br> + While the horizon holds the day imprisoned.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereon my Lord, as if in wonder, said:<br> + “Do thou conduct us thither, where thou sayest<br> + That we can take delight in tarrying.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Little had we withdrawn us from that place,<br> + When I perceived the mount was hollowed out<br> + In fashion as the valleys here are hollowed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thitherward,” said that shade, “will we repair,<br> + Where of itself the hill-side makes a lap,<br> + And there for the new day will we await.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twixt hill and plain there was a winding path<br> + Which led us to the margin of that dell,<br> + Where dies the border more than half away. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Gold and fine silver, and scarlet and pearl-white,<br> + The Indian wood resplendent and serene,<br> + Fresh emerald the moment it is broken, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By herbage and by flowers within that hollow<br> + Planted, each one in colour would be vanquished,<br> + As by its greater vanquished is the less. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor in that place had nature painted only,<br> + But of the sweetness of a thousand odours<br> + Made there a mingled fragrance and unknown. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Salve Regina,” on the green and flowers<br> + There seated, singing, spirits I beheld,<br> + Which were not visible outside the valley. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Before the scanty sun now seeks his nest,”<br> + Began the Mantuan who had led us thither,<br> + “Among them do not wish me to conduct you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Better from off this ledge the acts and faces<br> + Of all of them will you discriminate,<br> + Than in the plain below received among them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who sits highest, and the semblance bears<br> + Of having what he should have done neglected,<br> + And to the others’ song moves not his lips, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Rudolph the Emperor was, who had the power<br> + To heal the wounds that Italy have slain,<br> + So that through others slowly she revives. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other, who in look doth comfort him,<br> + Governed the region where the water springs,<br> + The Moldau bears the Elbe, and Elbe the sea. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His name was Ottocar; and in swaddling-clothes<br> + Far better he than bearded Winceslaus<br> + His son, who feeds in luxury and ease. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the small-nosed, who close in council seems<br> + With him that has an aspect so benign,<br> + Died fleeing and disflowering the lily; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Look there, how he is beating at his breast!<br> + Behold the other one, who for his cheek<br> + Sighing has made of his own palm a bed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Father and father-in-law of France’s Pest<br> + Are they, and know his vicious life and lewd,<br> + And hence proceeds the grief that so doth pierce them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who appears so stalwart, and chimes in,<br> + Singing, with that one of the manly nose,<br> + The cord of every valour wore begirt; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if as King had after him remained<br> + The stripling who in rear of him is sitting,<br> + Well had the valour passed from vase to vase, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which cannot of the other heirs be said.<br> + Frederick and Jacomo possess the realms,<br> + But none the better heritage possesses. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not oftentimes upriseth through the branches<br> + The probity of man; and this He wills<br> + Who gives it, so that we may ask of Him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Eke to the large-nosed reach my words, no less<br> + Than to the other, Pier, who with him sings;<br> + Whence Provence and Apulia grieve already +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The plant is as inferior to its seed,<br> + As more than Beatrice and Margaret<br> + Costanza boasteth of her husband still. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold the monarch of the simple life,<br> + Harry of England, sitting there alone;<br> + He in his branches has a better issue. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who the lowest on the ground among them<br> + Sits looking upward, is the Marquis William,<br> + For whose sake Alessandria and her war +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Make Monferrat and Canavese weep.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.VIII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto VIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twas now the hour that turneth back desire<br> + In those who sail the sea, and melts the heart,<br> + The day they’ve said to their sweet friends farewell, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the new pilgrim penetrates with love,<br> + If he doth hear from far away a bell<br> + That seemeth to deplore the dying day, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I began to make of no avail<br> + My hearing, and to watch one of the souls<br> + Uprisen, that begged attention with its hand. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It joined and lifted upward both its palms,<br> + Fixing its eyes upon the orient,<br> + As if it said to God, “Naught else I care for.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Te lucis ante” so devoutly issued<br> + Forth from its mouth, and with such dulcet notes,<br> + It made me issue forth from my own mind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then the others, sweetly and devoutly,<br> + Accompanied it through all the hymn entire,<br> + Having their eyes on the supernal wheels. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here, Reader, fix thine eyes well on the truth,<br> + For now indeed so subtile is the veil,<br> + Surely to penetrate within is easy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw that army of the gentle-born<br> + Thereafterward in silence upward gaze,<br> + As if in expectation, pale and humble; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And from on high come forth and down descend,<br> + I saw two Angels with two flaming swords,<br> + Truncated and deprived of their points. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Green as the little leaflets just now born<br> + Their garments were, which, by their verdant pinions<br> + Beaten and blown abroad, they trailed behind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One just above us came to take his station,<br> + And one descended to the opposite bank,<br> + So that the people were contained between them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Clearly in them discerned I the blond head;<br> + But in their faces was the eye bewildered,<br> + As faculty confounded by excess. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“From Mary’s bosom both of them have come,”<br> + Sordello said, “as guardians of the valley<br> + Against the serpent, that will come anon.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereupon I, who knew not by what road,<br> + Turned round about, and closely drew myself,<br> + Utterly frozen, to the faithful shoulders. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And once again Sordello: “Now descend we<br> + ’Mid the grand shades, and we will speak to them;<br> + Right pleasant will it be for them to see you.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Only three steps I think that I descended,<br> + And was below, and saw one who was looking<br> + Only at me, as if he fain would know me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already now the air was growing dark,<br> + But not so that between his eyes and mine<br> + It did not show what it before locked up. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tow’rds me he moved, and I tow’rds him did move;<br> + Noble Judge Nino! how it me delighted,<br> + When I beheld thee not among the damned! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No greeting fair was left unsaid between us;<br> + Then asked he: “How long is it since thou camest<br> + O’er the far waters to the mountain’s foot?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Oh!” said I to him, “through the dismal places<br> + I came this morn; and am in the first life,<br> + Albeit the other, going thus, I gain.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And on the instant my reply was heard,<br> + He and Sordello both shrank back from me,<br> + Like people who are suddenly bewildered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One to Virgilius, and the other turned<br> + To one who sat there, crying, “Up, Currado!<br> + Come and behold what God in grace has willed!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then, turned to me: “By that especial grace<br> + Thou owest unto Him, who so conceals<br> + His own first wherefore, that it has no ford, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When thou shalt be beyond the waters wide,<br> + Tell my Giovanna that she pray for me,<br> + Where answer to the innocent is made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I do not think her mother loves me more,<br> + Since she has laid aside her wimple white,<br> + Which she, unhappy, needs must wish again. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Through her full easily is comprehended<br> + How long in woman lasts the fire of love,<br> + If eye or touch do not relight it often. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So fair a hatchment will not make for her<br> + The Viper marshalling the Milanese<br> + A-field, as would have made Gallura’s Cock.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In this wise spake he, with the stamp impressed<br> + Upon his aspect of that righteous zeal<br> + Which measurably burneth in the heart. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My greedy eyes still wandered up to heaven,<br> + Still to that point where slowest are the stars,<br> + Even as a wheel the nearest to its axle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And my Conductor: “Son, what dost thou gaze at<br> + Up there?” And I to him: “At those three torches<br> + With which this hither pole is all on fire.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “The four resplendent stars<br> + Thou sawest this morning are down yonder low,<br> + And these have mounted up to where those were.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As he was speaking, to himself Sordello<br> + Drew him, and said, “Lo there our Adversary!”<br> + And pointed with his finger to look thither. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the side on which the little valley<br> + No barrier hath, a serpent was; perchance<br> + The same which gave to Eve the bitter food. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twixt grass and flowers came on the evil streak,<br> + Turning at times its head about, and licking<br> + Its back like to a beast that smoothes itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I did not see, and therefore cannot say<br> + How the celestial falcons ’gan to move,<br> + But well I saw that they were both in motion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hearing the air cleft by their verdant wings,<br> + The serpent fled, and round the Angels wheeled,<br> + Up to their stations flying back alike. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The shade that to the Judge had near approached<br> + When he had called, throughout that whole assault<br> + Had not a moment loosed its gaze on me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“So may the light that leadeth thee on high<br> + Find in thine own free-will as much of wax<br> + As needful is up to the highest azure,” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Began it, “if some true intelligence<br> + Of Valdimagra or its neighbourhood<br> + Thou knowest, tell it me, who once was great there. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Currado Malaspina was I called;<br> + I’m not the elder, but from him descended;<br> + To mine I bore the love which here refineth.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O,” said I unto him, “through your domains<br> + I never passed, but where is there a dwelling<br> + Throughout all Europe, where they are not known? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That fame, which doeth honour to your house,<br> + Proclaims its Signors and proclaims its land,<br> + So that he knows of them who ne’er was there. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, as I hope for heaven, I swear to you<br> + Your honoured family in naught abates<br> + The glory of the purse and of the sword. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It is so privileged by use and nature,<br> + That though a guilty head misguide the world,<br> + Sole it goes right, and scorns the evil way.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he: “Now go; for the sun shall not lie<br> + Seven times upon the pillow which the Ram<br> + With all his four feet covers and bestrides, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Before that such a courteous opinion<br> + Shall in the middle of thy head be nailed<br> + With greater nails than of another’s speech, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unless the course of justice standeth still.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.IX"></a>Purgatorio: Canto IX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +The concubine of old Tithonus now<br> + Gleamed white upon the eastern balcony,<br> + Forth from the arms of her sweet paramour; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With gems her forehead all relucent was,<br> + Set in the shape of that cold animal<br> + Which with its tail doth smite amain the nations, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of the steps, with which she mounts, the Night<br> + Had taken two in that place where we were,<br> + And now the third was bending down its wings; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I, who something had of Adam in me,<br> + Vanquished by sleep, upon the grass reclined,<br> + There were all five of us already sat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Just at the hour when her sad lay begins<br> + The little swallow, near unto the morning,<br> + Perchance in memory of her former woes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when the mind of man, a wanderer<br> + More from the flesh, and less by thought imprisoned,<br> + Almost prophetic in its visions is, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In dreams it seemed to me I saw suspended<br> + An eagle in the sky, with plumes of gold,<br> + With wings wide open, and intent to stoop, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this, it seemed to me, was where had been<br> + By Ganymede his kith and kin abandoned,<br> + When to the high consistory he was rapt. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I thought within myself, perchance he strikes<br> + From habit only here, and from elsewhere<br> + Disdains to bear up any in his feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then wheeling somewhat more, it seemed to me,<br> + Terrible as the lightning he descended,<br> + And snatched me upward even to the fire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therein it seemed that he and I were burning,<br> + And the imagined fire did scorch me so,<br> + That of necessity my sleep was broken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not otherwise Achilles started up,<br> + Around him turning his awakened eyes,<br> + And knowing not the place in which he was, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What time from Chiron stealthily his mother<br> + Carried him sleeping in her arms to Scyros,<br> + Wherefrom the Greeks withdrew him afterwards, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than I upstarted, when from off my face<br> + Sleep fled away; and pallid I became,<br> + As doth the man who freezes with affright. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Only my Comforter was at my side,<br> + And now the sun was more than two hours high,<br> + And turned towards the sea-shore was my face. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Be not intimidated,” said my Lord,<br> + “Be reassured, for all is well with us;<br> + Do not restrain, but put forth all thy strength. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou hast at length arrived at Purgatory;<br> + See there the cliff that closes it around;<br> + See there the entrance, where it seems disjoined. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whilom at dawn, which doth precede the day,<br> + When inwardly thy spirit was asleep<br> + Upon the flowers that deck the land below, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There came a Lady and said: ‘I am Lucia;<br> + Let me take this one up, who is asleep;<br> + So will I make his journey easier for him.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sordello and the other noble shapes<br> + Remained; she took thee, and, as day grew bright,<br> + Upward she came, and I upon her footsteps. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She laid thee here; and first her beauteous eyes<br> + That open entrance pointed out to me;<br> + Then she and sleep together went away.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In guise of one whose doubts are reassured,<br> + And who to confidence his fear doth change,<br> + After the truth has been discovered to him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So did I change; and when without disquiet<br> + My Leader saw me, up along the cliff<br> + He moved, and I behind him, tow’rd the height. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Reader, thou seest well how I exalt<br> + My theme, and therefore if with greater art<br> + I fortify it, marvel not thereat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nearer approached we, and were in such place,<br> + That there, where first appeared to me a rift<br> + Like to a crevice that disparts a wall, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw a portal, and three stairs beneath,<br> + Diverse in colour, to go up to it,<br> + And a gate-keeper, who yet spake no word. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as I opened more and more mine eyes,<br> + I saw him seated on the highest stair,<br> + Such in the face that I endured it not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in his hand he had a naked sword,<br> + Which so reflected back the sunbeams tow’rds us,<br> + That oft in vain I lifted up mine eyes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Tell it from where you are, what is’t you wish?”<br> + Began he to exclaim; “where is the escort?<br> + Take heed your coming hither harm you not!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“A Lady of Heaven, with these things conversant,”<br> + My Master answered him, “but even now<br> + Said to us, ‘Thither go; there is the portal.’” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“And may she speed your footsteps in all good,”<br> + Again began the courteous janitor;<br> + “Come forward then unto these stairs of ours.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thither did we approach; and the first stair<br> + Was marble white, so polished and so smooth,<br> + I mirrored myself therein as I appear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The second, tinct of deeper hue than perse,<br> + Was of a calcined and uneven stone,<br> + Cracked all asunder lengthwise and across. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The third, that uppermost rests massively,<br> + Porphyry seemed to me, as flaming red<br> + As blood that from a vein is spirting forth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Both of his feet was holding upon this<br> + The Angel of God, upon the threshold seated,<br> + Which seemed to me a stone of diamond. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Along the three stairs upward with good will<br> + Did my Conductor draw me, saying: “Ask<br> + Humbly that he the fastening may undo.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Devoutly at the holy feet I cast me,<br> + For mercy’s sake besought that he would open,<br> + But first upon my breast three times I smote. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Seven P’s upon my forehead he described<br> + With the sword’s point, and, “Take heed that thou wash<br> + These wounds, when thou shalt be within,” he said. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ashes, or earth that dry is excavated,<br> + Of the same colour were with his attire,<br> + And from beneath it he drew forth two keys. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One was of gold, and the other was of silver;<br> + First with the white, and after with the yellow,<br> + Plied he the door, so that I was content. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Whenever faileth either of these keys<br> + So that it turn not rightly in the lock,”<br> + He said to us, “this entrance doth not open. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More precious one is, but the other needs<br> + More art and intellect ere it unlock,<br> + For it is that which doth the knot unloose. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From Peter I have them; and he bade me err<br> + Rather in opening than in keeping shut,<br> + If people but fall down before my feet.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then pushed the portals of the sacred door,<br> + Exclaiming: “Enter; but I give you warning<br> + That forth returns whoever looks behind.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when upon their hinges were turned round<br> + The swivels of that consecrated gate,<br> + Which are of metal, massive and sonorous, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Roared not so loud, nor so discordant seemed<br> + Tarpeia, when was ta’en from it the good<br> + Metellus, wherefore meagre it remained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At the first thunder-peal I turned attentive,<br> + And “Te Deum laudamus” seemed to hear<br> + In voices mingled with sweet melody. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Exactly such an image rendered me<br> + That which I heard, as we are wont to catch,<br> + When people singing with the organ stand; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For now we hear, and now hear not, the words. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.X"></a>Purgatorio: Canto X</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we had crossed the threshold of the door<br> + Which the perverted love of souls disuses,<br> + Because it makes the crooked way seem straight, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Re-echoing I heard it closed again;<br> + And if I had turned back mine eyes upon it,<br> + What for my failing had been fit excuse? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We mounted upward through a rifted rock,<br> + Which undulated to this side and that,<br> + Even as a wave receding and advancing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Here it behoves us use a little art,”<br> + Began my Leader, “to adapt ourselves<br> + Now here, now there, to the receding side.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this our footsteps so infrequent made,<br> + That sooner had the moon’s decreasing disk<br> + Regained its bed to sink again to rest, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than we were forth from out that needle’s eye;<br> + But when we free and in the open were,<br> + There where the mountain backward piles itself, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I wearied out, and both of us uncertain<br> + About our way, we stopped upon a plain<br> + More desolate than roads across the deserts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From where its margin borders on the void,<br> + To foot of the high bank that ever rises,<br> + A human body three times told would measure; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And far as eye of mine could wing its flight,<br> + Now on the left, and on the right flank now,<br> + The same this cornice did appear to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereon our feet had not been moved as yet,<br> + When I perceived the embankment round about,<br> + Which all right of ascent had interdicted, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To be of marble white, and so adorned<br> + With sculptures, that not only Polycletus,<br> + But Nature’s self, had there been put to shame. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Angel, who came down to earth with tidings<br> + Of peace, that had been wept for many a year,<br> + And opened Heaven from its long interdict, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In front of us appeared so truthfully<br> + There sculptured in a gracious attitude,<br> + He did not seem an image that is silent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One would have sworn that he was saying, “Ave;”<br> + For she was there in effigy portrayed<br> + Who turned the key to ope the exalted love, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in her mien this language had impressed,<br> + “Ecce ancilla Dei,” as distinctly<br> + As any figure stamps itself in wax. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Keep not thy mind upon one place alone,”<br> + The gentle Master said, who had me standing<br> + Upon that side where people have their hearts; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat I moved mine eyes, and I beheld<br> + In rear of Mary, and upon that side<br> + Where he was standing who conducted me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Another story on the rock imposed;<br> + Wherefore I passed Virgilius and drew near,<br> + So that before mine eyes it might be set. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There sculptured in the self-same marble were<br> + The cart and oxen, drawing the holy ark,<br> + Wherefore one dreads an office not appointed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +People appeared in front, and all of them<br> + In seven choirs divided, of two senses<br> + Made one say “No,” the other, “Yes, they sing.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Likewise unto the smoke of the frankincense,<br> + Which there was imaged forth, the eyes and nose<br> + Were in the yes and no discordant made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Preceded there the vessel benedight,<br> + Dancing with girded loins, the humble Psalmist,<br> + And more and less than King was he in this. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Opposite, represented at the window<br> + Of a great palace, Michal looked upon him,<br> + Even as a woman scornful and afflicted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I moved my feet from where I had been standing,<br> + To examine near at hand another story,<br> + Which after Michal glimmered white upon me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There the high glory of the Roman Prince<br> + Was chronicled, whose great beneficence<br> + Moved Gregory to his great victory; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Tis of the Emperor Trajan I am speaking;<br> + And a poor widow at his bridle stood,<br> + In attitude of weeping and of grief. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Around about him seemed it thronged and full<br> + Of cavaliers, and the eagles in the gold<br> + Above them visibly in the wind were moving. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The wretched woman in the midst of these<br> + Seemed to be saying: “Give me vengeance, Lord,<br> + For my dead son, for whom my heart is breaking.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to answer her: “Now wait until<br> + I shall return.” And she: “My Lord,” like one<br> + In whom grief is impatient, “shouldst thou not +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Return?” And he: “Who shall be where I am<br> + Will give it thee.” And she: “Good deed of others<br> + What boots it thee, if thou neglect thine own?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he: “Now comfort thee, for it behoves me<br> + That I discharge my duty ere I move;<br> + Justice so wills, and pity doth retain me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who on no new thing has ever looked<br> + Was the creator of this visible language,<br> + Novel to us, for here it is not found. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While I delighted me in contemplating<br> + The images of such humility,<br> + And dear to look on for their Maker’s sake, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Behold, upon this side, but rare they make<br> + Their steps,” the Poet murmured, “many people;<br> + These will direct us to the lofty stairs.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Mine eyes, that in beholding were intent<br> + To see new things, of which they curious are,<br> + In turning round towards him were not slow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But still I wish not, Reader, thou shouldst swerve<br> + From thy good purposes, because thou hearest<br> + How God ordaineth that the debt be paid; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Attend not to the fashion of the torment,<br> + Think of what follows; think that at the worst<br> + It cannot reach beyond the mighty sentence. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Master,” began I, “that which I behold<br> + Moving towards us seems to me not persons,<br> + And what I know not, so in sight I waver.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “The grievous quality<br> + Of this their torment bows them so to earth,<br> + That my own eyes at first contended with it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But look there fixedly, and disentangle<br> + By sight what cometh underneath those stones;<br> + Already canst thou see how each is stricken.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O ye proud Christians! wretched, weary ones!<br> + Who, in the vision of the mind infirm<br> + Confidence have in your backsliding steps, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Do ye not comprehend that we are worms,<br> + Born to bring forth the angelic butterfly<br> + That flieth unto judgment without screen? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Why floats aloft your spirit high in air?<br> + Like are ye unto insects undeveloped,<br> + Even as the worm in whom formation fails! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As to sustain a ceiling or a roof,<br> + In place of corbel, oftentimes a figure<br> + Is seen to join its knees unto its breast, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which makes of the unreal real anguish<br> + Arise in him who sees it, fashioned thus<br> + Beheld I those, when I had ta’en good heed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +True is it, they were more or less bent down,<br> + According as they more or less were laden;<br> + And he who had most patience in his looks +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Weeping did seem to say, “I can no more!” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XI"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Our Father, thou who dwellest in the heavens,<br> + Not circumscribed, but from the greater love<br> + Thou bearest to the first effects on high, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Praised be thy name and thine omnipotence<br> + By every creature, as befitting is<br> + To render thanks to thy sweet effluence. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come unto us the peace of thy dominion,<br> + For unto it we cannot of ourselves,<br> + If it come not, with all our intellect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as thine own Angels of their will<br> + Make sacrifice to thee, Hosanna singing,<br> + So may all men make sacrifice of theirs. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Give unto us this day our daily manna,<br> + Withouten which in this rough wilderness<br> + Backward goes he who toils most to advance. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as we the trespass we have suffered<br> + Pardon in one another, pardon thou<br> + Benignly, and regard not our desert. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Our virtue, which is easily o’ercome,<br> + Put not to proof with the old Adversary,<br> + But thou from him who spurs it so, deliver. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This last petition verily, dear Lord,<br> + Not for ourselves is made, who need it not,<br> + But for their sake who have remained behind us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus for themselves and us good furtherance<br> + Those shades imploring, went beneath a weight<br> + Like unto that of which we sometimes dream, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unequally in anguish round and round<br> + And weary all, upon that foremost cornice,<br> + Purging away the smoke-stains of the world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If there good words are always said for us,<br> + What may not here be said and done for them,<br> + By those who have a good root to their will? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well may we help them wash away the marks<br> + That hence they carried, so that clean and light<br> + They may ascend unto the starry wheels! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ah! so may pity and justice you disburden<br> + Soon, that ye may have power to move the wing,<br> + That shall uplift you after your desire, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Show us on which hand tow’rd the stairs the way<br> + Is shortest, and if more than one the passes,<br> + Point us out that which least abruptly falls; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For he who cometh with me, through the burden<br> + Of Adam’s flesh wherewith he is invested,<br> + Against his will is chary of his climbing.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The words of theirs which they returned to those<br> + That he whom I was following had spoken,<br> + It was not manifest from whom they came, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But it was said: “To the right hand come with us<br> + Along the bank, and ye shall find a pass<br> + Possible for living person to ascend. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And were I not impeded by the stone,<br> + Which this proud neck of mine doth subjugate,<br> + Whence I am forced to hold my visage down, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Him, who still lives and does not name himself,<br> + Would I regard, to see if I may know him<br> + And make him piteous unto this burden. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A Latian was I, and born of a great Tuscan;<br> + Guglielmo Aldobrandeschi was my father;<br> + I know not if his name were ever with you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The ancient blood and deeds of gallantry<br> + Of my progenitors so arrogant made me<br> + That, thinking not upon the common mother, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All men I held in scorn to such extent<br> + I died therefor, as know the Sienese,<br> + And every child in Campagnatico. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I am Omberto; and not to me alone<br> + Has pride done harm, but all my kith and kin<br> + Has with it dragged into adversity. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And here must I this burden bear for it<br> + Till God be satisfied, since I did not<br> + Among the living, here among the dead.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Listening I downward bent my countenance;<br> + And one of them, not this one who was speaking,<br> + Twisted himself beneath the weight that cramps him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And looked at me, and knew me, and called out,<br> + Keeping his eyes laboriously fixed<br> + On me, who all bowed down was going with them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O,” asked I him, “art thou not Oderisi,<br> + Agobbio’s honour, and honour of that art<br> + Which is in Paris called illuminating?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Brother,” said he, “more laughing are the leaves<br> + Touched by the brush of Franco Bolognese;<br> + All his the honour now, and mine in part. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In sooth I had not been so courteous<br> + While I was living, for the great desire<br> + Of excellence, on which my heart was bent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here of such pride is paid the forfeiture;<br> + And yet I should not be here, were it not<br> + That, having power to sin, I turned to God. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O thou vain glory of the human powers,<br> + How little green upon thy summit lingers,<br> + If’t be not followed by an age of grossness! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In painting Cimabue thought that he<br> + Should hold the field, now Giotto has the cry,<br> + So that the other’s fame is growing dim. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So has one Guido from the other taken<br> + The glory of our tongue, and he perchance<br> + Is born, who from the nest shall chase them both. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Naught is this mundane rumour but a breath<br> + Of wind, that comes now this way and now that,<br> + And changes name, because it changes side. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What fame shalt thou have more, if old peel off<br> + From thee thy flesh, than if thou hadst been dead<br> + Before thou left the ‘pappo’ and the ‘dindi,’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ere pass a thousand years? which is a shorter<br> + Space to the eterne, than twinkling of an eye<br> + Unto the circle that in heaven wheels slowest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With him, who takes so little of the road<br> + In front of me, all Tuscany resounded;<br> + And now he scarce is lisped of in Siena, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Where he was lord, what time was overthrown<br> + The Florentine delirium, that superb<br> + Was at that day as now ’tis prostitute. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Your reputation is the colour of grass<br> + Which comes and goes, and that discolours it<br> + By which it issues green from out the earth.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “Thy true speech fills my heart with good<br> + Humility, and great tumour thou assuagest;<br> + But who is he, of whom just now thou spakest?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“That,” he replied, “is Provenzan Salvani,<br> + And he is here because he had presumed<br> + To bring Siena all into his hands. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He has gone thus, and goeth without rest<br> + E’er since he died; such money renders back<br> + In payment he who is on earth too daring.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “If every spirit who awaits<br> + The verge of life before that he repent,<br> + Remains below there and ascends not hither, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +(Unless good orison shall him bestead,)<br> + Until as much time as he lived be passed,<br> + How was the coming granted him in largess?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“When he in greatest splendour lived,” said he,<br> + “Freely upon the Campo of Siena,<br> + All shame being laid aside, he placed himself; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And there to draw his friend from the duress<br> + Which in the prison-house of Charles he suffered,<br> + He brought himself to tremble in each vein. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I say no more, and know that I speak darkly;<br> + Yet little time shall pass before thy neighbours<br> + Will so demean themselves that thou canst gloss it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This action has released him from those confines.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Abreast, like oxen going in a yoke,<br> + I with that heavy-laden soul went on,<br> + As long as the sweet pedagogue permitted; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when he said, “Leave him, and onward pass,<br> + For here ’tis good that with the sail and oars,<br> + As much as may be, each push on his barque;” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upright, as walking wills it, I redressed<br> + My person, notwithstanding that my thoughts<br> + Remained within me downcast and abashed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I had moved on, and followed willingly<br> + The footsteps of my Master, and we both<br> + Already showed how light of foot we were, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When unto me he said: “Cast down thine eyes;<br> + ’Twere well for thee, to alleviate the way,<br> + To look upon the bed beneath thy feet.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As, that some memory may exist of them,<br> + Above the buried dead their tombs in earth<br> + Bear sculptured on them what they were before; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence often there we weep for them afresh,<br> + From pricking of remembrance, which alone<br> + To the compassionate doth set its spur; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So saw I there, but of a better semblance<br> + In point of artifice, with figures covered<br> + Whate’er as pathway from the mount projects. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw that one who was created noble<br> + More than all other creatures, down from heaven<br> + Flaming with lightnings fall upon one side. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw Briareus smitten by the dart<br> + Celestial, lying on the other side,<br> + Heavy upon the earth by mortal frost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw Thymbraeus, Pallas saw, and Mars,<br> + Still clad in armour round about their father,<br> + Gaze at the scattered members of the giants. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw, at foot of his great labour, Nimrod,<br> + As if bewildered, looking at the people<br> + Who had been proud with him in Sennaar. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Niobe! with what afflicted eyes<br> + Thee I beheld upon the pathway traced,<br> + Between thy seven and seven children slain! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Saul! how fallen upon thy proper sword<br> + Didst thou appear there lifeless in Gilboa,<br> + That felt thereafter neither rain nor dew! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O mad Arachne! so I thee beheld<br> + E’en then half spider, sad upon the shreds<br> + Of fabric wrought in evil hour for thee! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Rehoboam! no more seems to threaten<br> + Thine image there; but full of consternation<br> + A chariot bears it off, when none pursues! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Displayed moreo’er the adamantine pavement<br> + How unto his own mother made Alcmaeon<br> + Costly appear the luckless ornament; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Displayed how his own sons did throw themselves<br> + Upon Sennacherib within the temple,<br> + And how, he being dead, they left him there; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Displayed the ruin and the cruel carnage<br> + That Tomyris wrought, when she to Cyrus said,<br> + “Blood didst thou thirst for, and with blood I glut thee!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Displayed how routed fled the Assyrians<br> + After that Holofernes had been slain,<br> + And likewise the remainder of that slaughter. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw there Troy in ashes and in caverns;<br> + O Ilion! thee, how abject and debased,<br> + Displayed the image that is there discerned! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whoe’er of pencil master was or stile,<br> + That could portray the shades and traits which there<br> + Would cause each subtile genius to admire? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Dead seemed the dead, the living seemed alive;<br> + Better than I saw not who saw the truth,<br> + All that I trod upon while bowed I went. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now wax ye proud, and on with looks uplifted,<br> + Ye sons of Eve, and bow not down your faces<br> + So that ye may behold your evil ways! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More of the mount by us was now encompassed,<br> + And far more spent the circuit of the sun,<br> + Than had the mind preoccupied imagined, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When he, who ever watchful in advance<br> + Was going on, began: “Lift up thy head,<br> + ’Tis no more time to go thus meditating. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lo there an Angel who is making haste<br> + To come towards us; lo, returning is<br> + From service of the day the sixth handmaiden. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With reverence thine acts and looks adorn,<br> + So that he may delight to speed us upward;<br> + Think that this day will never dawn again.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was familiar with his admonition<br> + Ever to lose no time; so on this theme<br> + He could not unto me speak covertly. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Towards us came the being beautiful<br> + Vested in white, and in his countenance<br> + Such as appears the tremulous morning star. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His arms he opened, and opened then his wings;<br> + “Come,” said he, “near at hand here are the steps,<br> + And easy from henceforth is the ascent.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At this announcement few are they who come!<br> + O human creatures, born to soar aloft,<br> + Why fall ye thus before a little wind? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He led us on to where the rock was cleft;<br> + There smote upon my forehead with his wings,<br> + Then a safe passage promised unto me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As on the right hand, to ascend the mount<br> + Where seated is the church that lordeth it<br> + O’er the well-guided, above Rubaconte, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The bold abruptness of the ascent is broken<br> + By stairways that were made there in the age<br> + When still were safe the ledger and the stave, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +E’en thus attempered is the bank which falls<br> + Sheer downward from the second circle there;<br> + But on this, side and that the high rock graze. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As we were turning thitherward our persons,<br> + “Beati pauperes spiritu,” voices<br> + Sang in such wise that speech could tell it not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah me! how different are these entrances<br> + From the Infernal! for with anthems here<br> + One enters, and below with wild laments. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We now were hunting up the sacred stairs,<br> + And it appeared to me by far more easy<br> + Than on the plain it had appeared before. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I: “My Master, say, what heavy thing<br> + Has been uplifted from me, so that hardly<br> + Aught of fatigue is felt by me in walking?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He answered: “When the P’s which have remained<br> + Still on thy face almost obliterate<br> + Shall wholly, as the first is, be erased, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy feet will be so vanquished by good will,<br> + That not alone they shall not feel fatigue,<br> + But urging up will be to them delight.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then did I even as they do who are going<br> + With something on the head to them unknown,<br> + Unless the signs of others make them doubt, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore the hand to ascertain is helpful,<br> + And seeks and finds, and doth fulfill the office<br> + Which cannot be accomplished by the sight; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And with the fingers of the right hand spread<br> + I found but six the letters, that had carved<br> + Upon my temples he who bore the keys; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon beholding which my Leader smiled. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XIII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +We were upon the summit of the stairs,<br> + Where for the second time is cut away<br> + The mountain, which ascending shriveth all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There in like manner doth a cornice bind<br> + The hill all round about, as does the first,<br> + Save that its arc more suddenly is curved. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Shade is there none, nor sculpture that appears;<br> + So seems the bank, and so the road seems smooth,<br> + With but the livid colour of the stone. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If to inquire we wait for people here,”<br> + The Poet said, “I fear that peradventure<br> + Too much delay will our election have.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then steadfast on the sun his eyes he fixed,<br> + Made his right side the centre of his motion,<br> + And turned the left part of himself about. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou sweet light! with trust in whom I enter<br> + Upon this novel journey, do thou lead us,”<br> + Said he, “as one within here should be led. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou warmest the world, thou shinest over it;<br> + If other reason prompt not otherwise,<br> + Thy rays should evermore our leaders be!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As much as here is counted for a mile,<br> + So much already there had we advanced<br> + In little time, by dint of ready will; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And tow’rds us there were heard to fly, albeit<br> + They were not visible, spirits uttering<br> + Unto Love’s table courteous invitations, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The first voice that passed onward in its flight,<br> + “Vinum non habent,” said in accents loud,<br> + And went reiterating it behind us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And ere it wholly grew inaudible<br> + Because of distance, passed another, crying,<br> + “I am Orestes!” and it also stayed not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O,” said I, “Father, these, what voices are they?”<br> + And even as I asked, behold the third,<br> + Saying: “Love those from whom ye have had evil!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the good Master said: “This circle scourges<br> + The sin of envy, and on that account<br> + Are drawn from love the lashes of the scourge. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The bridle of another sound shall be;<br> + I think that thou wilt hear it, as I judge,<br> + Before thou comest to the Pass of Pardon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But fix thine eyes athwart the air right steadfast,<br> + And people thou wilt see before us sitting,<br> + And each one close against the cliff is seated.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then wider than at first mine eyes I opened;<br> + I looked before me, and saw shades with mantles<br> + Not from the colour of the stone diverse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when we were a little farther onward,<br> + I heard a cry of, “Mary, pray for us!”<br> + A cry of, “Michael, Peter, and all Saints!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I do not think there walketh still on earth<br> + A man so hard, that he would not be pierced<br> + With pity at what afterward I saw. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For when I had approached so near to them<br> + That manifest to me their acts became,<br> + Drained was I at the eyes by heavy grief. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Covered with sackcloth vile they seemed to me,<br> + And one sustained the other with his shoulder,<br> + And all of them were by the bank sustained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus do the blind, in want of livelihood,<br> + Stand at the doors of churches asking alms,<br> + And one upon another leans his head, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that in others pity soon may rise,<br> + Not only at the accent of their words,<br> + But at their aspect, which no less implores. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as unto the blind the sun comes not,<br> + So to the shades, of whom just now I spake,<br> + Heaven’s light will not be bounteous of itself; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For all their lids an iron wire transpierces,<br> + And sews them up, as to a sparhawk wild<br> + Is done, because it will not quiet stay. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To me it seemed, in passing, to do outrage,<br> + Seeing the others without being seen;<br> + Wherefore I turned me to my counsel sage. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well knew he what the mute one wished to say,<br> + And therefore waited not for my demand,<br> + But said: “Speak, and be brief, and to the point.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I had Virgilius upon that side<br> + Of the embankment from which one may fall,<br> + Since by no border ’tis engarlanded; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the other side of me I had<br> + The shades devout, who through the horrible seam<br> + Pressed out the tears so that they bathed their cheeks. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To them I turned me, and, “O people, certain,”<br> + Began I, “of beholding the high light,<br> + Which your desire has solely in its care, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So may grace speedily dissolve the scum<br> + Upon your consciences, that limpidly<br> + Through them descend the river of the mind, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tell me, for dear ’twill be to me and gracious,<br> + If any soul among you here is Latian,<br> + And ’twill perchance be good for him I learn it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O brother mine, each one is citizen<br> + Of one true city; but thy meaning is,<br> + Who may have lived in Italy a pilgrim.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By way of answer this I seemed to hear<br> + A little farther on than where I stood,<br> + Whereat I made myself still nearer heard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Among the rest I saw a shade that waited<br> + In aspect, and should any one ask how,<br> + Its chin it lifted upward like a blind man. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Spirit,” I said, “who stoopest to ascend,<br> + If thou art he who did reply to me,<br> + Make thyself known to me by place or name.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Sienese was I,” it replied, “and with<br> + The others here recleanse my guilty life,<br> + Weeping to Him to lend himself to us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sapient I was not, although I Sapia<br> + Was called, and I was at another’s harm<br> + More happy far than at my own good fortune. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that thou mayst not think that I deceive thee,<br> + Hear if I was as foolish as I tell thee.<br> + The arc already of my years descending, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My fellow-citizens near unto Colle<br> + Were joined in battle with their adversaries,<br> + And I was praying God for what he willed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Routed were they, and turned into the bitter<br> + Passes of flight; and I, the chase beholding,<br> + A joy received unequalled by all others; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that I lifted upward my bold face<br> + Crying to God, ‘Henceforth I fear thee not,’<br> + As did the blackbird at the little sunshine. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Peace I desired with God at the extreme<br> + Of my existence, and as yet would not<br> + My debt have been by penitence discharged, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Had it not been that in remembrance held me<br> + Pier Pettignano in his holy prayers,<br> + Who out of charity was grieved for me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But who art thou, that into our conditions<br> + Questioning goest, and hast thine eyes unbound<br> + As I believe, and breathing dost discourse?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Mine eyes,” I said, “will yet be here ta’en from me,<br> + But for short space; for small is the offence<br> + Committed by their being turned with envy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Far greater is the fear, wherein suspended<br> + My soul is, of the torment underneath,<br> + For even now the load down there weighs on me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she to me: “Who led thee, then, among us<br> + Up here, if to return below thou thinkest?”<br> + And I: “He who is with me, and speaks not; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And living am I; therefore ask of me,<br> + Spirit elect, if thou wouldst have me move<br> + O’er yonder yet my mortal feet for thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O, this is such a novel thing to hear,”<br> + She answered, “that great sign it is God loves thee;<br> + Therefore with prayer of thine sometimes assist me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I implore, by what thou most desirest,<br> + If e’er thou treadest the soil of Tuscany,<br> + Well with my kindred reinstate my fame. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Them wilt thou see among that people vain<br> + Who hope in Talamone, and will lose there<br> + More hope than in discovering the Diana; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But there still more the admirals will lose.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XIV"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XIV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Who is this one that goes about our mountain,<br> + Or ever Death has given him power of flight,<br> + And opes his eyes and shuts them at his will?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I know not who, but know he’s not alone;<br> + Ask him thyself, for thou art nearer to him,<br> + And gently, so that he may speak, accost him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did two spirits, leaning tow’rds each other,<br> + Discourse about me there on the right hand;<br> + Then held supine their faces to address me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said the one: “O soul, that, fastened still<br> + Within the body, tow’rds the heaven art going,<br> + For charity console us, and declare +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence comest and who art thou; for thou mak’st us<br> + As much to marvel at this grace of thine<br> + As must a thing that never yet has been.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “Through midst of Tuscany there wanders<br> + A streamlet that is born in Falterona,<br> + And not a hundred miles of course suffice it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From thereupon do I this body bring.<br> + To tell you who I am were speech in vain,<br> + Because my name as yet makes no great noise.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If well thy meaning I can penetrate<br> + With intellect of mine,” then answered me<br> + He who first spake, “thou speakest of the Arno.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said the other to him: “Why concealed<br> + This one the appellation of that river,<br> + Even as a man doth of things horrible?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thus the shade that questioned was of this<br> + Himself acquitted: “I know not; but truly<br> + ’Tis fit the name of such a valley perish; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For from its fountain-head (where is so pregnant<br> + The Alpine mountain whence is cleft Peloro<br> + That in few places it that mark surpasses) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To where it yields itself in restoration<br> + Of what the heaven doth of the sea dry up,<br> + Whence have the rivers that which goes with them, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Virtue is like an enemy avoided<br> + By all, as is a serpent, through misfortune<br> + Of place, or through bad habit that impels them; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On which account have so transformed their nature<br> + The dwellers in that miserable valley,<br> + It seems that Circe had them in her pasture. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Mid ugly swine, of acorns worthier<br> + Than other food for human use created,<br> + It first directeth its impoverished way. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Curs findeth it thereafter, coming downward,<br> + More snarling than their puissance demands,<br> + And turns from them disdainfully its muzzle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It goes on falling, and the more it grows,<br> + The more it finds the dogs becoming wolves,<br> + This maledict and misadventurous ditch. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Descended then through many a hollow gulf,<br> + It finds the foxes so replete with fraud,<br> + They fear no cunning that may master them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor will I cease because another hears me;<br> + And well ’twill be for him, if still he mind him<br> + Of what a truthful spirit to me unravels. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy grandson I behold, who doth become<br> + A hunter of those wolves upon the bank<br> + Of the wild stream, and terrifies them all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He sells their flesh, it being yet alive;<br> + Thereafter slaughters them like ancient beeves;<br> + Many of life, himself of praise, deprives. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Blood-stained he issues from the dismal forest;<br> + He leaves it such, a thousand years from now<br> + In its primeval state ’tis not re-wooded.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As at the announcement of impending ills<br> + The face of him who listens is disturbed,<br> + From whate’er side the peril seize upon him; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So I beheld that other soul, which stood<br> + Turned round to listen, grow disturbed and sad,<br> + When it had gathered to itself the word. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The speech of one and aspect of the other<br> + Had me desirous made to know their names,<br> + And question mixed with prayers I made thereof, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat the spirit which first spake to me<br> + Began again: “Thou wishest I should bring me<br> + To do for thee what thou’lt not do for me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since God willeth that in thee shine forth<br> + Such grace of his, I’ll not be chary with thee;<br> + Know, then, that I Guido del Duca am. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My blood was so with envy set on fire,<br> + That if I had beheld a man make merry,<br> + Thou wouldst have seen me sprinkled o’er with pallor. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From my own sowing such the straw I reap!<br> + O human race! why dost thou set thy heart<br> + Where interdict of partnership must be? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This is Renier; this is the boast and honour<br> + Of the house of Calboli, where no one since<br> + Has made himself the heir of his desert. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And not alone his blood is made devoid,<br> + ’Twixt Po and mount, and sea-shore and the Reno,<br> + Of good required for truth and for diversion; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For all within these boundaries is full<br> + Of venomous roots, so that too tardily<br> + By cultivation now would they diminish. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Where is good Lizio, and Arrigo Manardi,<br> + Pier Traversaro, and Guido di Carpigna,<br> + O Romagnuoli into bastards turned? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When in Bologna will a Fabbro rise?<br> + When in Faenza a Bernardin di Fosco,<br> + The noble scion of ignoble seed? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Be not astonished, Tuscan, if I weep,<br> + When I remember, with Guido da Prata,<br> + Ugolin d’ Azzo, who was living with us, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Frederick Tignoso and his company,<br> + The house of Traversara, and th’ Anastagi,<br> + And one race and the other is extinct; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The dames and cavaliers, the toils and ease<br> + That filled our souls with love and courtesy,<br> + There where the hearts have so malicious grown! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Brettinoro! why dost thou not flee,<br> + Seeing that all thy family is gone,<br> + And many people, not to be corrupted? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Bagnacaval does well in not begetting<br> + And ill does Castrocaro, and Conio worse,<br> + In taking trouble to beget such Counts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Will do well the Pagani, when their Devil<br> + Shall have departed; but not therefore pure<br> + Will testimony of them e’er remain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Ugolin de’ Fantoli, secure<br> + Thy name is, since no longer is awaited<br> + One who, degenerating, can obscure it! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But go now, Tuscan, for it now delights me<br> + To weep far better than it does to speak,<br> + So much has our discourse my mind distressed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We were aware that those beloved souls<br> + Heard us depart; therefore, by keeping silent,<br> + They made us of our pathway confident. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we became alone by going onward,<br> + Thunder, when it doth cleave the air, appeared<br> + A voice, that counter to us came, exclaiming: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Shall slay me whosoever findeth me!”<br> + And fled as the reverberation dies<br> + If suddenly the cloud asunder bursts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as hearing had a truce from this,<br> + Behold another, with so great a crash,<br> + That it resembled thunderings following fast: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I am Aglaurus, who became a stone!”<br> + And then, to press myself close to the Poet,<br> + I backward, and not forward, took a step. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already on all sides the air was quiet;<br> + And said he to me: “That was the hard curb<br> + That ought to hold a man within his bounds; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But you take in the bait so that the hook<br> + Of the old Adversary draws you to him,<br> + And hence availeth little curb or call. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The heavens are calling you, and wheel around you,<br> + Displaying to you their eternal beauties,<br> + And still your eye is looking on the ground; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence He, who all discerns, chastises you.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XV"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +As much as ’twixt the close of the third hour<br> + And dawn of day appeareth of that sphere<br> + Which aye in fashion of a child is playing, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So much it now appeared, towards the night,<br> + Was of his course remaining to the sun;<br> + There it was evening, and ’twas midnight here; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the rays smote the middle of our faces,<br> + Because by us the mount was so encircled,<br> + That straight towards the west we now were going +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I perceived my forehead overpowered<br> + Beneath the splendour far more than at first,<br> + And stupor were to me the things unknown, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat towards the summit of my brow<br> + I raised my hands, and made myself the visor<br> + Which the excessive glare diminishes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As when from off the water, or a mirror,<br> + The sunbeam leaps unto the opposite side,<br> + Ascending upward in the selfsame measure +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That it descends, and deviates as far<br> + From falling of a stone in line direct,<br> + (As demonstrate experiment and art,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So it appeared to me that by a light<br> + Refracted there before me I was smitten;<br> + On which account my sight was swift to flee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“What is that, Father sweet, from which I cannot<br> + So fully screen my sight that it avail me,”<br> + Said I, “and seems towards us to be moving?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Marvel thou not, if dazzle thee as yet<br> + The family of heaven,” he answered me;<br> + “An angel ’tis, who comes to invite us upward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Soon will it be, that to behold these things<br> + Shall not be grievous, but delightful to thee<br> + As much as nature fashioned thee to feel.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we had reached the Angel benedight,<br> + With joyful voice he said: “Here enter in<br> + To stairway far less steep than are the others.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We mounting were, already thence departed,<br> + And “Beati misericordes” was<br> + Behind us sung, “Rejoice, thou that o’ercomest!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Master and myself, we two alone<br> + Were going upward, and I thought, in going,<br> + Some profit to acquire from words of his; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him directed me, thus asking:<br> + “What did the spirit of Romagna mean,<br> + Mentioning interdict and partnership?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he to me: “Of his own greatest failing<br> + He knows the harm; and therefore wonder not<br> + If he reprove us, that we less may rue it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because are thither pointed your desires<br> + Where by companionship each share is lessened,<br> + Envy doth ply the bellows to your sighs. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if the love of the supernal sphere<br> + Should upwardly direct your aspiration,<br> + There would not be that fear within your breast; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For there, as much the more as one says ‘Our,’<br> + So much the more of good each one possesses,<br> + And more of charity in that cloister burns.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I am more hungering to be satisfied,”<br> + I said, “than if I had before been silent,<br> + And more of doubt within my mind I gather. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How can it be, that boon distributed<br> + The more possessors can more wealthy make<br> + Therein, than if by few it be possessed?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Because thou fixest still<br> + Thy mind entirely upon earthly things,<br> + Thou pluckest darkness from the very light. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That goodness infinite and ineffable<br> + Which is above there, runneth unto love,<br> + As to a lucid body comes the sunbeam. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So much it gives itself as it finds ardour,<br> + So that as far as charity extends,<br> + O’er it increases the eternal valour. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the more people thitherward aspire,<br> + More are there to love well, and more they love there,<br> + And, as a mirror, one reflects the other. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if my reasoning appease thee not,<br> + Thou shalt see Beatrice; and she will fully<br> + Take from thee this and every other longing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Endeavour, then, that soon may be extinct,<br> + As are the two already, the five wounds<br> + That close themselves again by being painful.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as I wished to say, “Thou dost appease me,”<br> + I saw that I had reached another circle,<br> + So that my eager eyes made me keep silence. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There it appeared to me that in a vision<br> + Ecstatic on a sudden I was rapt,<br> + And in a temple many persons saw; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And at the door a woman, with the sweet<br> + Behaviour of a mother, saying: “Son,<br> + Why in this manner hast thou dealt with us? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lo, sorrowing, thy father and myself<br> + Were seeking for thee;”—and as here she ceased,<br> + That which appeared at first had disappeared. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then I beheld another with those waters<br> + Adown her cheeks which grief distils whenever<br> + From great disdain of others it is born, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And saying: “If of that city thou art lord,<br> + For whose name was such strife among the gods,<br> + And whence doth every science scintillate, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Avenge thyself on those audacious arms<br> + That clasped our daughter, O Pisistratus;”<br> + And the lord seemed to me benign and mild +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To answer her with aspect temperate:<br> + “What shall we do to those who wish us ill,<br> + If he who loves us be by us condemned?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then saw I people hot in fire of wrath,<br> + With stones a young man slaying, clamorously<br> + Still crying to each other, “Kill him! kill him!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And him I saw bow down, because of death<br> + That weighed already on him, to the earth,<br> + But of his eyes made ever gates to heaven, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Imploring the high Lord, in so great strife,<br> + That he would pardon those his persecutors,<br> + With such an aspect as unlocks compassion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Soon as my soul had outwardly returned<br> + To things external to it which are true,<br> + Did I my not false errors recognize. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Leader, who could see me bear myself<br> + Like to a man that rouses him from sleep,<br> + Exclaimed: “What ails thee, that thou canst not stand? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But hast been coming more than half a league<br> + Veiling thine eyes, and with thy legs entangled,<br> + In guise of one whom wine or sleep subdues?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O my sweet Father, if thou listen to me,<br> + I’ll tell thee,” said I, “what appeared to me,<br> + When thus from me my legs were ta’en away.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he: “If thou shouldst have a hundred masks<br> + Upon thy face, from me would not be shut<br> + Thy cogitations, howsoever small. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What thou hast seen was that thou mayst not fail<br> + To ope thy heart unto the waters of peace,<br> + Which from the eternal fountain are diffused. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I did not ask, ‘What ails thee?’ as he does<br> + Who only looketh with the eyes that see not<br> + When of the soul bereft the body lies, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But asked it to give vigour to thy feet;<br> + Thus must we needs urge on the sluggards, slow<br> + To use their wakefulness when it returns.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We passed along, athwart the twilight peering<br> + Forward as far as ever eye could stretch<br> + Against the sunbeams serotine and lucent; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! by slow degrees a smoke approached<br> + In our direction, sombre as the night,<br> + Nor was there place to hide one’s self therefrom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This of our eyes and the pure air bereft us. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XVI"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XVI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Darkness of hell, and of a night deprived<br> + Of every planet under a poor sky,<br> + As much as may be tenebrous with cloud, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ne’er made unto my sight so thick a veil,<br> + As did that smoke which there enveloped us,<br> + Nor to the feeling of so rough a texture; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For not an eye it suffered to stay open;<br> + Whereat mine escort, faithful and sagacious,<br> + Drew near to me and offered me his shoulder. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +E’en as a blind man goes behind his guide,<br> + Lest he should wander, or should strike against<br> + Aught that may harm or peradventure kill him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So went I through the bitter and foul air,<br> + Listening unto my Leader, who said only,<br> + “Look that from me thou be not separated.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Voices I heard, and every one appeared<br> + To supplicate for peace and misericord<br> + The Lamb of God who takes away our sins. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still “Agnus Dei” their exordium was;<br> + One word there was in all, and metre one,<br> + So that all harmony appeared among them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Master,” I said, “are spirits those I hear?”<br> + And he to me: “Thou apprehendest truly,<br> + And they the knot of anger go unloosing.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Now who art thou, that cleavest through our smoke<br> + And art discoursing of us even as though<br> + Thou didst by calends still divide the time?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After this manner by a voice was spoken;<br> + Whereon my Master said: “Do thou reply,<br> + And ask if on this side the way go upward.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “O creature that dost cleanse thyself<br> + To return beautiful to Him who made thee,<br> + Thou shalt hear marvels if thou follow me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thee will I follow far as is allowed me,”<br> + He answered; “and if smoke prevent our seeing,<br> + Hearing shall keep us joined instead thereof.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereon began I: “With that swathing band<br> + Which death unwindeth am I going upward,<br> + And hither came I through the infernal anguish. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if God in his grace has me infolded,<br> + So that he wills that I behold his court<br> + By method wholly out of modern usage, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Conceal not from me who ere death thou wast,<br> + But tell it me, and tell me if I go<br> + Right for the pass, and be thy words our escort.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Lombard was I, and I was Marco called;<br> + The world I knew, and loved that excellence,<br> + At which has each one now unbent his bow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For mounting upward, thou art going right.”<br> + Thus he made answer, and subjoined: “I pray thee<br> + To pray for me when thou shalt be above.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “My faith I pledge to thee<br> + To do what thou dost ask me; but am bursting<br> + Inly with doubt, unless I rid me of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +First it was simple, and is now made double<br> + By thy opinion, which makes certain to me,<br> + Here and elsewhere, that which I couple with it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The world forsooth is utterly deserted<br> + By every virtue, as thou tellest me,<br> + And with iniquity is big and covered; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But I beseech thee point me out the cause,<br> + That I may see it, and to others show it;<br> + For one in the heavens, and here below one puts it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A sigh profound, that grief forced into Ai!<br> + He first sent forth, and then began he: “Brother,<br> + The world is blind, and sooth thou comest from it! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ye who are living every cause refer<br> + Still upward to the heavens, as if all things<br> + They of necessity moved with themselves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If this were so, in you would be destroyed<br> + Free will, nor any justice would there be<br> + In having joy for good, or grief for evil. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The heavens your movements do initiate,<br> + I say not all; but granting that I say it,<br> + Light has been given you for good and evil, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And free volition; which, if some fatigue<br> + In the first battles with the heavens it suffers,<br> + Afterwards conquers all, if well ’tis nurtured. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To greater force and to a better nature,<br> + Though free, ye subject are, and that creates<br> + The mind in you the heavens have not in charge. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence, if the present world doth go astray,<br> + In you the cause is, be it sought in you;<br> + And I therein will now be thy true spy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Forth from the hand of Him, who fondles it<br> + Before it is, like to a little girl<br> + Weeping and laughing in her childish sport, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Issues the simple soul, that nothing knows,<br> + Save that, proceeding from a joyous Maker,<br> + Gladly it turns to that which gives it pleasure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of trivial good at first it tastes the savour;<br> + Is cheated by it, and runs after it,<br> + If guide or rein turn not aside its love. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence it behoved laws for a rein to place,<br> + Behoved a king to have, who at the least<br> + Of the true city should discern the tower. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The laws exist, but who sets hand to them?<br> + No one; because the shepherd who precedes<br> + Can ruminate, but cleaveth not the hoof; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore the people that perceives its guide<br> + Strike only at the good for which it hankers,<br> + Feeds upon that, and farther seeketh not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Clearly canst thou perceive that evil guidance<br> + The cause is that has made the world depraved,<br> + And not that nature is corrupt in you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Rome, that reformed the world, accustomed was<br> + Two suns to have, which one road and the other,<br> + Of God and of the world, made manifest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One has the other quenched, and to the crosier<br> + The sword is joined, and ill beseemeth it<br> + That by main force one with the other go, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because, being joined, one feareth not the other;<br> + If thou believe not, think upon the grain,<br> + For by its seed each herb is recognized. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the land laved by Po and Adige,<br> + Valour and courtesy used to be found,<br> + Before that Frederick had his controversy; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now in security can pass that way<br> + Whoever will abstain, through sense of shame,<br> + From speaking with the good, or drawing near them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +True, three old men are left, in whom upbraids<br> + The ancient age the new, and late they deem it<br> + That God restore them to the better life: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Currado da Palazzo, and good Gherardo,<br> + And Guido da Castel, who better named is,<br> + In fashion of the French, the simple Lombard: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Say thou henceforward that the Church of Rome,<br> + Confounding in itself two governments,<br> + Falls in the mire, and soils itself and burden.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O Marco mine,” I said, “thou reasonest well;<br> + And now discern I why the sons of Levi<br> + Have been excluded from the heritage. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But what Gherardo is it, who, as sample<br> + Of a lost race, thou sayest has remained<br> + In reprobation of the barbarous age?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Either thy speech deceives me, or it tempts me,”<br> + He answered me; “for speaking Tuscan to me,<br> + It seems of good Gherardo naught thou knowest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By other surname do I know him not,<br> + Unless I take it from his daughter Gaia.<br> + May God be with you, for I come no farther. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold the dawn, that through the smoke rays out,<br> + Already whitening; and I must depart—<br> + Yonder the Angel is—ere he appear.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did he speak, and would no farther hear me. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XVII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XVII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Remember, Reader, if e’er in the Alps<br> + A mist o’ertook thee, through which thou couldst see<br> + Not otherwise than through its membrane mole, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How, when the vapours humid and condensed<br> + Begin to dissipate themselves, the sphere<br> + Of the sun feebly enters in among them, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thy imagination will be swift<br> + In coming to perceive how I re-saw<br> + The sun at first, that was already setting. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus, to the faithful footsteps of my Master<br> + Mating mine own, I issued from that cloud<br> + To rays already dead on the low shores. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O thou, Imagination, that dost steal us<br> + So from without sometimes, that man perceives not,<br> + Although around may sound a thousand trumpets, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who moveth thee, if sense impel thee not?<br> + Moves thee a light, which in the heaven takes form,<br> + By self, or by a will that downward guides it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of her impiety, who changed her form<br> + Into the bird that most delights in singing,<br> + In my imagining appeared the trace; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And hereupon my mind was so withdrawn<br> + Within itself, that from without there came<br> + Nothing that then might be received by it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then reigned within my lofty fantasy<br> + One crucified, disdainful and ferocious<br> + In countenance, and even thus was dying. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Around him were the great Ahasuerus,<br> + Esther his wife, and the just Mordecai,<br> + Who was in word and action so entire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as this image burst asunder<br> + Of its own self, in fashion of a bubble<br> + In which the water it was made of fails, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There rose up in my vision a young maiden<br> + Bitterly weeping, and she said: “O queen,<br> + Why hast thou wished in anger to be naught? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou’st slain thyself, Lavinia not to lose;<br> + Now hast thou lost me; I am she who mourns,<br> + Mother, at thine ere at another’s ruin.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As sleep is broken, when upon a sudden<br> + New light strikes in upon the eyelids closed,<br> + And broken quivers ere it dieth wholly, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So this imagining of mine fell down<br> + As soon as the effulgence smote my face,<br> + Greater by far than what is in our wont. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I turned me round to see where I might be,<br> + When said a voice, “Here is the passage up;”<br> + Which from all other purposes removed me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And made my wish so full of eagerness<br> + To look and see who was it that was speaking,<br> + It never rests till meeting face to face; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But as before the sun, which quells the sight,<br> + And in its own excess its figure veils,<br> + Even so my power was insufficient here. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“This is a spirit divine, who in the way<br> + Of going up directs us without asking,<br> + And who with his own light himself conceals. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He does with us as man doth with himself;<br> + For he who sees the need, and waits the asking,<br> + Malignly leans already tow’rds denial. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Accord we now our feet to such inviting,<br> + Let us make haste to mount ere it grow dark;<br> + For then we could not till the day return.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus my Conductor said; and I and he<br> + Together turned our footsteps to a stairway;<br> + And I, as soon as the first step I reached, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Near me perceived a motion as of wings,<br> + And fanning in the face, and saying, “‘Beati<br> + Pacifici,’ who are without ill anger.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already over us were so uplifted<br> + The latest sunbeams, which the night pursues,<br> + That upon many sides the stars appeared. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O manhood mine, why dost thou vanish so?”<br> + I said within myself; for I perceived<br> + The vigour of my legs was put in truce. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We at the point were where no more ascends<br> + The stairway upward, and were motionless,<br> + Even as a ship, which at the shore arrives; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I gave heed a little, if I might hear<br> + Aught whatsoever in the circle new;<br> + Then to my Master turned me round and said: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Say, my sweet Father, what delinquency<br> + Is purged here in the circle where we are?<br> + Although our feet may pause, pause not thy speech.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “The love of good, remiss<br> + In what it should have done, is here restored;<br> + Here plied again the ill-belated oar; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But still more openly to understand,<br> + Turn unto me thy mind, and thou shalt gather<br> + Some profitable fruit from our delay. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Neither Creator nor a creature ever,<br> + Son,” he began, “was destitute of love<br> + Natural or spiritual; and thou knowest it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The natural was ever without error;<br> + But err the other may by evil object,<br> + Or by too much, or by too little vigour. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While in the first it well directed is,<br> + And in the second moderates itself,<br> + It cannot be the cause of sinful pleasure; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when to ill it turns, and, with more care<br> + Or lesser than it ought, runs after good,<br> + ’Gainst the Creator works his own creation. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence thou mayst comprehend that love must be<br> + The seed within yourselves of every virtue,<br> + And every act that merits punishment. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now inasmuch as never from the welfare<br> + Of its own subject can love turn its sight,<br> + From their own hatred all things are secure; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And since we cannot think of any being<br> + Standing alone, nor from the First divided,<br> + Of hating Him is all desire cut off. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence if, discriminating, I judge well,<br> + The evil that one loves is of one’s neighbour,<br> + And this is born in three modes in your clay. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There are, who, by abasement of their neighbour,<br> + Hope to excel, and therefore only long<br> + That from his greatness he may be cast down; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There are, who power, grace, honour, and renown<br> + Fear they may lose because another rises,<br> + Thence are so sad that the reverse they love; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And there are those whom injury seems to chafe,<br> + So that it makes them greedy for revenge,<br> + And such must needs shape out another’s harm. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This threefold love is wept for down below;<br> + Now of the other will I have thee hear,<br> + That runneth after good with measure faulty. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each one confusedly a good conceives<br> + Wherein the mind may rest, and longeth for it;<br> + Therefore to overtake it each one strives. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If languid love to look on this attract you,<br> + Or in attaining unto it, this cornice,<br> + After just penitence, torments you for it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There’s other good that does not make man happy;<br> + ’Tis not felicity, ’tis not the good<br> + Essence, of every good the fruit and root. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The love that yields itself too much to this<br> + Above us is lamented in three circles;<br> + But how tripartite it may be described, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I say not, that thou seek it for thyself.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XVIII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XVIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +An end had put unto his reasoning<br> + The lofty Teacher, and attent was looking<br> + Into my face, if I appeared content; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, whom a new thirst still goaded on,<br> + Without was mute, and said within: “Perchance<br> + The too much questioning I make annoys him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But that true Father, who had comprehended<br> + The timid wish, that opened not itself,<br> + By speaking gave me hardihood to speak. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I: “My sight is, Master, vivified<br> + So in thy light, that clearly I discern<br> + Whate’er thy speech importeth or describes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore I thee entreat, sweet Father dear,<br> + To teach me love, to which thou dost refer<br> + Every good action and its contrary.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Direct,” he said, “towards me the keen eyes<br> + Of intellect, and clear will be to thee<br> + The error of the blind, who would be leaders. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The soul, which is created apt to love,<br> + Is mobile unto everything that pleases,<br> + Soon as by pleasure she is waked to action. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Your apprehension from some real thing<br> + An image draws, and in yourselves displays it<br> + So that it makes the soul turn unto it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if, when turned, towards it she incline,<br> + Love is that inclination; it is nature,<br> + Which is by pleasure bound in you anew +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then even as the fire doth upward move<br> + By its own form, which to ascend is born,<br> + Where longest in its matter it endures, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So comes the captive soul into desire,<br> + Which is a motion spiritual, and ne’er rests<br> + Until she doth enjoy the thing beloved. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now may apparent be to thee how hidden<br> + The truth is from those people, who aver<br> + All love is in itself a laudable thing; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because its matter may perchance appear<br> + Aye to be good; but yet not each impression<br> + Is good, albeit good may be the wax.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thy words, and my sequacious intellect,”<br> + I answered him, “have love revealed to me;<br> + But that has made me more impregned with doubt; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For if love from without be offered us,<br> + And with another foot the soul go not,<br> + If right or wrong she go, ’tis not her merit.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “What reason seeth here,<br> + Myself can tell thee; beyond that await<br> + For Beatrice, since ’tis a work of faith. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Every substantial form, that segregate<br> + From matter is, and with it is united,<br> + Specific power has in itself collected, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which without act is not perceptible,<br> + Nor shows itself except by its effect,<br> + As life does in a plant by the green leaves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But still, whence cometh the intelligence<br> + Of the first notions, man is ignorant,<br> + And the affection for the first allurements, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which are in you as instinct in the bee<br> + To make its honey; and this first desire<br> + Merit of praise or blame containeth not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now, that to this all others may be gathered,<br> + Innate within you is the power that counsels,<br> + And it should keep the threshold of assent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This is the principle, from which is taken<br> + Occasion of desert in you, according<br> + As good and guilty loves it takes and winnows. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those who, in reasoning, to the bottom went,<br> + Were of this innate liberty aware,<br> + Therefore bequeathed they Ethics to the world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Supposing, then, that from necessity<br> + Springs every love that is within you kindled,<br> + Within yourselves the power is to restrain it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The noble virtue Beatrice understands<br> + By the free will; and therefore see that thou<br> + Bear it in mind, if she should speak of it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The moon, belated almost unto midnight,<br> + Now made the stars appear to us more rare,<br> + Formed like a bucket, that is all ablaze, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And counter to the heavens ran through those paths<br> + Which the sun sets aflame, when he of Rome<br> + Sees it ’twixt Sardes and Corsicans go down; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that patrician shade, for whom is named<br> + Pietola more than any Mantuan town,<br> + Had laid aside the burden of my lading; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I, who reason manifest and plain<br> + In answer to my questions had received,<br> + Stood like a man in drowsy reverie. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But taken from me was this drowsiness<br> + Suddenly by a people, that behind<br> + Our backs already had come round to us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as, of old, Ismenus and Asopus<br> + Beside them saw at night the rush and throng,<br> + If but the Thebans were in need of Bacchus, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So they along that circle curve their step,<br> + From what I saw of those approaching us,<br> + Who by good-will and righteous love are ridden. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Full soon they were upon us, because running<br> + Moved onward all that mighty multitude,<br> + And two in the advance cried out, lamenting, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Mary in haste unto the mountain ran,<br> + And Caesar, that he might subdue Ilerda,<br> + Thrust at Marseilles, and then ran into Spain.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Quick! quick! so that the time may not be lost<br> + By little love!” forthwith the others cried,<br> + “For ardour in well-doing freshens grace!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O folk, in whom an eager fervour now<br> + Supplies perhaps delay and negligence,<br> + Put by you in well-doing, through lukewarmness, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This one who lives, and truly I lie not,<br> + Would fain go up, if but the sun relight us;<br> + So tell us where the passage nearest is.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These were the words of him who was my Guide;<br> + And some one of those spirits said: “Come on<br> + Behind us, and the opening shalt thou find; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So full of longing are we to move onward,<br> + That stay we cannot; therefore pardon us,<br> + If thou for churlishness our justice take. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was San Zeno’s Abbot at Verona,<br> + Under the empire of good Barbarossa,<br> + Of whom still sorrowing Milan holds discourse; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he has one foot in the grave already,<br> + Who shall erelong lament that monastery,<br> + And sorry be of having there had power, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because his son, in his whole body sick,<br> + And worse in mind, and who was evil-born,<br> + He put into the place of its true pastor.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If more he said, or silent was, I know not,<br> + He had already passed so far beyond us;<br> + But this I heard, and to retain it pleased me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he who was in every need my succour<br> + Said: “Turn thee hitherward; see two of them<br> + Come fastening upon slothfulness their teeth.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In rear of all they shouted: “Sooner were<br> + The people dead to whom the sea was opened,<br> + Than their inheritors the Jordan saw; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And those who the fatigue did not endure<br> + Unto the issue, with Anchises’ son,<br> + Themselves to life withouten glory offered.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then when from us so separated were<br> + Those shades, that they no longer could be seen,<br> + Within me a new thought did entrance find, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence others many and diverse were born;<br> + And so I lapsed from one into another,<br> + That in a reverie mine eyes I closed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And meditation into dream transmuted. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XIX"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XIX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +It was the hour when the diurnal heat<br> + No more can warm the coldness of the moon,<br> + Vanquished by earth, or peradventure Saturn, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When geomancers their Fortuna Major<br> + See in the orient before the dawn<br> + Rise by a path that long remains not dim, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There came to me in dreams a stammering woman,<br> + Squint in her eyes, and in her feet distorted,<br> + With hands dissevered and of sallow hue. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I looked at her; and as the sun restores<br> + The frigid members which the night benumbs,<br> + Even thus my gaze did render voluble +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Her tongue, and made her all erect thereafter<br> + In little while, and the lost countenance<br> + As love desires it so in her did colour. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When in this wise she had her speech unloosed,<br> + She ’gan to sing so, that with difficulty<br> + Could I have turned my thoughts away from her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I am,” she sang, “I am the Siren sweet<br> + Who mariners amid the main unman,<br> + So full am I of pleasantness to hear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I drew Ulysses from his wandering way<br> + Unto my song, and he who dwells with me<br> + Seldom departs so wholly I content him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Her mouth was not yet closed again, before<br> + Appeared a Lady saintly and alert<br> + Close at my side to put her to confusion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Virgilius, O Virgilius! who is this?”<br> + Sternly she said; and he was drawing near<br> + With eyes still fixed upon that modest one. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She seized the other and in front laid open,<br> + Rending her garments, and her belly showed me;<br> + This waked me with the stench that issued from it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I turned mine eyes, and good Virgilius said:<br> + “At least thrice have I called thee; rise and come;<br> + Find we the opening by which thou mayst enter.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I rose; and full already of high day<br> + Were all the circles of the Sacred Mountain,<br> + And with the new sun at our back we went. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Following behind him, I my forehead bore<br> + Like unto one who has it laden with thought,<br> + Who makes himself the half arch of a bridge, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I heard say, “Come, here the passage is,”<br> + Spoken in a manner gentle and benign,<br> + Such as we hear not in this mortal region. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With open wings, which of a swan appeared,<br> + Upward he turned us who thus spake to us,<br> + Between the two walls of the solid granite. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He moved his pinions afterwards and fanned us,<br> + Affirming those ‘qui lugent’ to be blessed,<br> + For they shall have their souls with comfort filled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“What aileth thee, that aye to earth thou gazest?”<br> + To me my Guide began to say, we both<br> + Somewhat beyond the Angel having mounted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “With such misgiving makes me go<br> + A vision new, which bends me to itself,<br> + So that I cannot from the thought withdraw me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Didst thou behold,” he said, “that old enchantress,<br> + Who sole above us henceforth is lamented?<br> + Didst thou behold how man is freed from her? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Suffice it thee, and smite earth with thy heels,<br> + Thine eyes lift upward to the lure, that whirls<br> + The Eternal King with revolutions vast.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the hawk, that first his feet surveys,<br> + Then turns him to the call and stretches forward,<br> + Through the desire of food that draws him thither, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such I became, and such, as far as cleaves<br> + The rock to give a way to him who mounts,<br> + Went on to where the circling doth begin. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On the fifth circle when I had come forth,<br> + People I saw upon it who were weeping,<br> + Stretched prone upon the ground, all downward turned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Adhaesit pavimento anima mea,”<br> + I heard them say with sighings so profound,<br> + That hardly could the words be understood. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O ye elect of God, whose sufferings<br> + Justice and Hope both render less severe,<br> + Direct ye us towards the high ascents.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If ye are come secure from this prostration,<br> + And wish to find the way most speedily,<br> + Let your right hands be evermore outside.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did the Poet ask, and thus was answered<br> + By them somewhat in front of us; whence I<br> + In what was spoken divined the rest concealed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto my Lord’s eyes mine eyes I turned;<br> + Whence he assented with a cheerful sign<br> + To what the sight of my desire implored. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When of myself I could dispose at will,<br> + Above that creature did I draw myself,<br> + Whose words before had caused me to take note, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Saying: “O Spirit, in whom weeping ripens<br> + That without which to God we cannot turn,<br> + Suspend awhile for me thy greater care. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who wast thou, and why are your backs turned upwards,<br> + Tell me, and if thou wouldst that I procure thee<br> + Anything there whence living I departed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Wherefore our backs the heaven<br> + Turns to itself, know shalt thou; but beforehand<br> + ‘Scias quod ego fui successor Petri.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Between Siestri and Chiaveri descends<br> + A river beautiful, and of its name<br> + The title of my blood its summit makes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A month and little more essayed I how<br> + Weighs the great cloak on him from mire who keeps it,<br> + For all the other burdens seem a feather. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tardy, ah woe is me! was my conversion;<br> + But when the Roman Shepherd I was made,<br> + Then I discovered life to be a lie. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw that there the heart was not at rest,<br> + Nor farther in that life could one ascend;<br> + Whereby the love of this was kindled in me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Until that time a wretched soul and parted<br> + From God was I, and wholly avaricious;<br> + Now, as thou seest, I here am punished for it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What avarice does is here made manifest<br> + In the purgation of these souls converted,<br> + And no more bitter pain the Mountain has. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as our eye did not uplift itself<br> + Aloft, being fastened upon earthly things,<br> + So justice here has merged it in the earth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As avarice had extinguished our affection<br> + For every good, whereby was action lost,<br> + So justice here doth hold us in restraint, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Bound and imprisoned by the feet and hands;<br> + And so long as it pleases the just Lord<br> + Shall we remain immovable and prostrate.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I on my knees had fallen, and wished to speak;<br> + But even as I began, and he was ’ware,<br> + Only by listening, of my reverence, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“What cause,” he said, “has downward bent thee thus?”<br> + And I to him: “For your own dignity,<br> + Standing, my conscience stung me with remorse.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Straighten thy legs, and upward raise thee, brother,”<br> + He answered: “Err not, fellow-servant am I<br> + With thee and with the others to one power. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If e’er that holy, evangelic sound,<br> + Which sayeth ‘neque nubent,’ thou hast heard,<br> + Well canst thou see why in this wise I speak. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now go; no longer will I have thee linger,<br> + Because thy stay doth incommode my weeping,<br> + With which I ripen that which thou hast said. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On earth I have a grandchild named Alagia,<br> + Good in herself, unless indeed our house<br> + Malevolent may make her by example, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she alone remains to me on earth.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XX"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ill strives the will against a better will;<br> + Therefore, to pleasure him, against my pleasure<br> + I drew the sponge not saturate from the water. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Onward I moved, and onward moved my Leader,<br> + Through vacant places, skirting still the rock,<br> + As on a wall close to the battlements; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For they that through their eyes pour drop by drop<br> + The malady which all the world pervades,<br> + On the other side too near the verge approach. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Accursed mayst thou be, thou old she-wolf,<br> + That more than all the other beasts hast prey,<br> + Because of hunger infinitely hollow! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O heaven, in whose gyrations some appear<br> + To think conditions here below are changed,<br> + When will he come through whom she shall depart? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Onward we went with footsteps slow and scarce,<br> + And I attentive to the shades I heard<br> + Piteously weeping and bemoaning them; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I by peradventure heard “Sweet Mary!”<br> + Uttered in front of us amid the weeping<br> + Even as a woman does who is in child-birth; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in continuance: “How poor thou wast<br> + Is manifested by that hostelry<br> + Where thou didst lay thy sacred burden down.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafterward I heard: “O good Fabricius,<br> + Virtue with poverty didst thou prefer<br> + To the possession of great wealth with vice.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So pleasurable were these words to me<br> + That I drew farther onward to have knowledge<br> + Touching that spirit whence they seemed to come. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He furthermore was speaking of the largess<br> + Which Nicholas unto the maidens gave,<br> + In order to conduct their youth to honour. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O soul that dost so excellently speak,<br> + Tell me who wast thou,” said I, “and why only<br> + Thou dost renew these praises well deserved? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not without recompense shall be thy word,<br> + If I return to finish the short journey<br> + Of that life which is flying to its end.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he: “I’ll tell thee, not for any comfort<br> + I may expect from earth, but that so much<br> + Grace shines in thee or ever thou art dead. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was the root of that malignant plant<br> + Which overshadows all the Christian world,<br> + So that good fruit is seldom gathered from it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if Douay and Ghent, and Lille and Bruges<br> + Had Power, soon vengeance would be taken on it;<br> + And this I pray of Him who judges all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hugh Capet was I called upon the earth;<br> + From me were born the Louises and Philips,<br> + By whom in later days has France been governed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was the son of a Parisian butcher,<br> + What time the ancient kings had perished all,<br> + Excepting one, contrite in cloth of gray. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I found me grasping in my hands the rein<br> + Of the realm’s government, and so great power<br> + Of new acquest, and so with friends abounding, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That to the widowed diadem promoted<br> + The head of mine own offspring was, from whom<br> + The consecrated bones of these began. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So long as the great dowry of Provence<br> + Out of my blood took not the sense of shame,<br> + ’Twas little worth, but still it did no harm. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then it began with falsehood and with force<br> + Its rapine; and thereafter, for amends,<br> + Took Ponthieu, Normandy, and Gascony. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Charles came to Italy, and for amends<br> + A victim made of Conradin, and then<br> + Thrust Thomas back to heaven, for amends. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A time I see, not very distant now,<br> + Which draweth forth another Charles from France,<br> + The better to make known both him and his. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unarmed he goes, and only with the lance<br> + That Judas jousted with; and that he thrusts<br> + So that he makes the paunch of Florence burst. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He thence not land, but sin and infamy,<br> + Shall gain, so much more grievous to himself<br> + As the more light such damage he accounts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other, now gone forth, ta’en in his ship,<br> + See I his daughter sell, and chaffer for her<br> + As corsairs do with other female slaves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What more, O Avarice, canst thou do to us,<br> + Since thou my blood so to thyself hast drawn,<br> + It careth not for its own proper flesh? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That less may seem the future ill and past,<br> + I see the flower-de-luce Alagna enter,<br> + And Christ in his own Vicar captive made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I see him yet another time derided;<br> + I see renewed the vinegar and gall,<br> + And between living thieves I see him slain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I see the modern Pilate so relentless,<br> + This does not sate him, but without decretal<br> + He to the temple bears his sordid sails! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When, O my Lord! shall I be joyful made<br> + By looking on the vengeance which, concealed,<br> + Makes sweet thine anger in thy secrecy? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What I was saying of that only bride<br> + Of the Holy Ghost, and which occasioned thee<br> + To turn towards me for some commentary, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So long has been ordained to all our prayers<br> + As the day lasts; but when the night comes on,<br> + Contrary sound we take instead thereof. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At that time we repeat Pygmalion,<br> + Of whom a traitor, thief, and parricide<br> + Made his insatiable desire of gold; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the misery of avaricious Midas,<br> + That followed his inordinate demand,<br> + At which forevermore one needs but laugh. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The foolish Achan each one then records,<br> + And how he stole the spoils; so that the wrath<br> + Of Joshua still appears to sting him here. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then we accuse Sapphira with her husband,<br> + We laud the hoof-beats Heliodorus had,<br> + And the whole mount in infamy encircles +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Polymnestor who murdered Polydorus.<br> + Here finally is cried: ‘O Crassus, tell us,<br> + For thou dost know, what is the taste of gold?’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sometimes we speak, one loud, another low,<br> + According to desire of speech, that spurs us<br> + To greater now and now to lesser pace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But in the good that here by day is talked of,<br> + Erewhile alone I was not; yet near by<br> + No other person lifted up his voice.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From him already we departed were,<br> + And made endeavour to o’ercome the road<br> + As much as was permitted to our power, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I perceived, like something that is falling,<br> + The mountain tremble, whence a chill seized on me,<br> + As seizes him who to his death is going. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Certes so violently shook not Delos,<br> + Before Latona made her nest therein<br> + To give birth to the two eyes of the heaven. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then upon all sides there began a cry,<br> + Such that the Master drew himself towards me,<br> + Saying, “Fear not, while I am guiding thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Gloria in excelsis Deo,” all<br> + Were saying, from what near I comprehended,<br> + Where it was possible to hear the cry. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We paused immovable and in suspense,<br> + Even as the shepherds who first heard that song,<br> + Until the trembling ceased, and it was finished. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then we resumed again our holy path,<br> + Watching the shades that lay upon the ground,<br> + Already turned to their accustomed plaint. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No ignorance ever with so great a strife<br> + Had rendered me importunate to know,<br> + If erreth not in this my memory, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As meditating then I seemed to have;<br> + Nor out of haste to question did I dare,<br> + Nor of myself I there could aught perceive; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So I went onward timorous and thoughtful. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXI"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +The natural thirst, that ne’er is satisfied<br> + Excepting with the water for whose grace<br> + The woman of Samaria besought, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Put me in travail, and haste goaded me<br> + Along the encumbered path behind my Leader<br> + And I was pitying that righteous vengeance; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! in the same manner as Luke writeth<br> + That Christ appeared to two upon the way<br> + From the sepulchral cave already risen, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A shade appeared to us, and came behind us,<br> + Down gazing on the prostrate multitude,<br> + Nor were we ware of it, until it spake, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Saying, “My brothers, may God give you peace!”<br> + We turned us suddenly, and Virgilius rendered<br> + To him the countersign thereto conforming. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereon began he: “In the blessed council,<br> + Thee may the court veracious place in peace,<br> + That me doth banish in eternal exile!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“How,” said he, and the while we went with speed,<br> + “If ye are shades whom God deigns not on high,<br> + Who up his stairs so far has guided you?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said my Teacher: “If thou note the marks<br> + Which this one bears, and which the Angel traces<br> + Well shalt thou see he with the good must reign. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But because she who spinneth day and night<br> + For him had not yet drawn the distaff off,<br> + Which Clotho lays for each one and compacts, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His soul, which is thy sister and my own,<br> + In coming upwards could not come alone,<br> + By reason that it sees not in our fashion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I was drawn from out the ample throat<br> + Of Hell to be his guide, and I shall guide him<br> + As far on as my school has power to lead. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell us, if thou knowest, why such a shudder<br> + Erewhile the mountain gave, and why together<br> + All seemed to cry, as far as its moist feet?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In asking he so hit the very eye<br> + Of my desire, that merely with the hope<br> + My thirst became the less unsatisfied. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Naught is there,” he began, “that without order<br> + May the religion of the mountain feel,<br> + Nor aught that may be foreign to its custom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Free is it here from every permutation;<br> + What from itself heaven in itself receiveth<br> + Can be of this the cause, and naught beside; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because that neither rain, nor hail, nor snow,<br> + Nor dew, nor hoar-frost any higher falls<br> + Than the short, little stairway of three steps. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Dense clouds do not appear, nor rarefied,<br> + Nor coruscation, nor the daughter of Thaumas,<br> + That often upon earth her region shifts; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No arid vapour any farther rises<br> + Than to the top of the three steps I spake of,<br> + Whereon the Vicar of Peter has his feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lower down perchance it trembles less or more,<br> + But, for the wind that in the earth is hidden<br> + I know not how, up here it never trembled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It trembles here, whenever any soul<br> + Feels itself pure, so that it soars, or moves<br> + To mount aloft, and such a cry attends it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of purity the will alone gives proof,<br> + Which, being wholly free to change its convent,<br> + Takes by surprise the soul, and helps it fly. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +First it wills well; but the desire permits not,<br> + Which divine justice with the self-same will<br> + There was to sin, upon the torment sets. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who have been lying in this pain<br> + Five hundred years and more, but just now felt<br> + A free volition for a better seat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore thou heardst the earthquake, and the pious<br> + Spirits along the mountain rendering praise<br> + Unto the Lord, that soon he speed them upwards.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So said he to him; and since we enjoy<br> + As much in drinking as the thirst is great,<br> + I could not say how much it did me good. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the wise Leader: “Now I see the net<br> + That snares you here, and how ye are set free,<br> + Why the earth quakes, and wherefore ye rejoice. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now who thou wast be pleased that I may know;<br> + And why so many centuries thou hast here<br> + Been lying, let me gather from thy words.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“In days when the good Titus, with the aid<br> + Of the supremest King, avenged the wounds<br> + Whence issued forth the blood by Judas sold, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Under the name that most endures and honours,<br> + Was I on earth,” that spirit made reply,<br> + “Greatly renowned, but not with faith as yet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My vocal spirit was so sweet, that Rome<br> + Me, a Thoulousian, drew unto herself,<br> + Where I deserved to deck my brows with myrtle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Statius the people name me still on earth;<br> + I sang of Thebes, and then of great Achilles;<br> + But on the way fell with my second burden. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The seeds unto my ardour were the sparks<br> + Of that celestial flame which heated me,<br> + Whereby more than a thousand have been fired; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of the Aeneid speak I, which to me<br> + A mother was, and was my nurse in song;<br> + Without this weighed I not a drachma’s weight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to have lived upon the earth what time<br> + Virgilius lived, I would accept one sun<br> + More than I must ere issuing from my ban.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These words towards me made Virgilius turn<br> + With looks that in their silence said, “Be silent!”<br> + But yet the power that wills cannot do all things; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For tears and laughter are such pursuivants<br> + Unto the passion from which each springs forth,<br> + In the most truthful least the will they follow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I only smiled, as one who gives the wink;<br> + Whereat the shade was silent, and it gazed<br> + Into mine eyes, where most expression dwells; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, “As thou well mayst consummate a labour<br> + So great,” it said, “why did thy face just now<br> + Display to me the lightning of a smile?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now am I caught on this side and on that;<br> + One keeps me silent, one to speak conjures me,<br> + Wherefore I sigh, and I am understood. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Speak,” said my Master, “and be not afraid<br> + Of speaking, but speak out, and say to him<br> + What he demands with such solicitude.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I: “Thou peradventure marvellest,<br> + O antique spirit, at the smile I gave;<br> + But I will have more wonder seize upon thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This one, who guides on high these eyes of mine,<br> + Is that Virgilius, from whom thou didst learn<br> + To sing aloud of men and of the Gods. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If other cause thou to my smile imputedst,<br> + Abandon it as false, and trust it was<br> + Those words which thou hast spoken concerning him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already he was stooping to embrace<br> + My Teacher’s feet; but he said to him: “Brother,<br> + Do not; for shade thou art, and shade beholdest.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he uprising: “Now canst thou the sum<br> + Of love which warms me to thee comprehend,<br> + When this our vanity I disremember, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Treating a shadow as substantial thing.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already was the Angel left behind us,<br> + The Angel who to the sixth round had turned us,<br> + Having erased one mark from off my face; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And those who have in justice their desire<br> + Had said to us, “Beati,” in their voices,<br> + With “sitio,” and without more ended it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, more light than through the other passes,<br> + Went onward so, that without any labour<br> + I followed upward the swift-footed spirits; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When thus Virgilius began: “The love<br> + Kindled by virtue aye another kindles,<br> + Provided outwardly its flame appear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence from the hour that Juvenal descended<br> + Among us into the infernal Limbo,<br> + Who made apparent to me thy affection, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My kindliness towards thee was as great<br> + As ever bound one to an unseen person,<br> + So that these stairs will now seem short to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me, and forgive me as a friend,<br> + If too great confidence let loose the rein,<br> + And as a friend now hold discourse with me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How was it possible within thy breast<br> + For avarice to find place, ’mid so much wisdom<br> + As thou wast filled with by thy diligence?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These words excited Statius at first<br> + Somewhat to laughter; afterward he answered:<br> + “Each word of thine is love’s dear sign to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Verily oftentimes do things appear<br> + Which give fallacious matter to our doubts,<br> + Instead of the true causes which are hidden! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy question shows me thy belief to be<br> + That I was niggard in the other life,<br> + It may be from the circle where I was; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore know thou, that avarice was removed<br> + Too far from me; and this extravagance<br> + Thousands of lunar periods have punished. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And were it not that I my thoughts uplifted,<br> + When I the passage heard where thou exclaimest,<br> + As if indignant, unto human nature, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘To what impellest thou not, O cursed hunger<br> + Of gold, the appetite of mortal men?’<br> + Revolving I should feel the dismal joustings. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then I perceived the hands could spread too wide<br> + Their wings in spending, and repented me<br> + As well of that as of my other sins; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How many with shorn hair shall rise again<br> + Because of ignorance, which from this sin<br> + Cuts off repentance living and in death! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And know that the transgression which rebuts<br> + By direct opposition any sin<br> + Together with it here its verdure dries. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore if I have been among that folk<br> + Which mourns its avarice, to purify me,<br> + For its opposite has this befallen me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Now when thou sangest the relentless weapons<br> + Of the twofold affliction of Jocasta,”<br> + The singer of the Songs Bucolic said, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“From that which Clio there with thee preludes,<br> + It does not seem that yet had made thee faithful<br> + That faith without which no good works suffice. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If this be so, what candles or what sun<br> + Scattered thy darkness so that thou didst trim<br> + Thy sails behind the Fisherman thereafter?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to him: “Thou first directedst me<br> + Towards Parnassus, in its grots to drink,<br> + And first concerning God didst me enlighten. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou didst as he who walketh in the night,<br> + Who bears his light behind, which helps him not,<br> + But wary makes the persons after him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When thou didst say: ‘The age renews itself,<br> + Justice returns, and man’s primeval time,<br> + And a new progeny descends from heaven.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Through thee I Poet was, through thee a Christian;<br> + But that thou better see what I design,<br> + To colour it will I extend my hand. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already was the world in every part<br> + Pregnant with the true creed, disseminated<br> + By messengers of the eternal kingdom; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thy assertion, spoken of above,<br> + With the new preachers was in unison;<br> + Whence I to visit them the custom took. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then they became so holy in my sight,<br> + That, when Domitian persecuted them,<br> + Not without tears of mine were their laments; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And all the while that I on earth remained,<br> + Them I befriended, and their upright customs<br> + Made me disparage all the other sects. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And ere I led the Greeks unto the rivers<br> + Of Thebes, in poetry, I was baptized,<br> + But out of fear was covertly a Christian, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For a long time professing paganism;<br> + And this lukewarmness caused me the fourth circle<br> + To circuit round more than four centuries. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou, therefore, who hast raised the covering<br> + That hid from me whatever good I speak of,<br> + While in ascending we have time to spare, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tell me, in what place is our friend Terentius,<br> + Caecilius, Plautus, Varro, if thou knowest;<br> + Tell me if they are damned, and in what alley.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“These, Persius and myself, and others many,”<br> + Replied my Leader, “with that Grecian are<br> + Whom more than all the rest the Muses suckled, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the first circle of the prison blind;<br> + Ofttimes we of the mountain hold discourse<br> + Which has our nurses ever with itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Euripides is with us, Antiphon,<br> + Simonides, Agatho, and many other<br> + Greeks who of old their brows with laurel decked. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There some of thine own people may be seen,<br> + Antigone, Deiphile and Argia,<br> + And there Ismene mournful as of old. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There she is seen who pointed out Langia;<br> + There is Tiresias’ daughter, and there Thetis,<br> + And there Deidamia with her sisters.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Silent already were the poets both,<br> + Attent once more in looking round about,<br> + From the ascent and from the walls released; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And four handmaidens of the day already<br> + Were left behind, and at the pole the fifth<br> + Was pointing upward still its burning horn, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What time my Guide: “I think that tow’rds the edge<br> + Our dexter shoulders it behoves us turn,<br> + Circling the mount as we are wont to do.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus in that region custom was our ensign;<br> + And we resumed our way with less suspicion<br> + For the assenting of that worthy soul +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They in advance went on, and I alone<br> + Behind them, and I listened to their speech,<br> + Which gave me lessons in the art of song. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But soon their sweet discourses interrupted<br> + A tree which midway in the road we found,<br> + With apples sweet and grateful to the smell. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as a fir-tree tapers upward<br> + From bough to bough, so downwardly did that;<br> + I think in order that no one might climb it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On that side where our pathway was enclosed<br> + Fell from the lofty rock a limpid water,<br> + And spread itself abroad upon the leaves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Poets twain unto the tree drew near,<br> + And from among the foliage a voice<br> + Cried: “Of this food ye shall have scarcity.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said: “More thoughtful Mary was of making<br> + The marriage feast complete and honourable,<br> + Than of her mouth which now for you responds; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And for their drink the ancient Roman women<br> + With water were content; and Daniel<br> + Disparaged food, and understanding won. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The primal age was beautiful as gold;<br> + Acorns it made with hunger savorous,<br> + And nectar every rivulet with thirst. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Honey and locusts were the aliments<br> + That fed the Baptist in the wilderness;<br> + Whence he is glorious, and so magnified +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As by the Evangel is revealed to you.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXIII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +The while among the verdant leaves mine eyes<br> + I riveted, as he is wont to do<br> + Who wastes his life pursuing little birds, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My more than Father said unto me: “Son,<br> + Come now; because the time that is ordained us<br> + More usefully should be apportioned out.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I turned my face and no less soon my steps<br> + Unto the Sages, who were speaking so<br> + They made the going of no cost to me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! were heard a song and a lament,<br> + “Labia mea, Domine,” in fashion<br> + Such that delight and dolence it brought forth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O my sweet Father, what is this I hear?”<br> + Began I; and he answered: “Shades that go<br> + Perhaps the knot unloosing of their debt.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the same way that thoughtful pilgrims do,<br> + Who, unknown people on the road o’ertaking,<br> + Turn themselves round to them, and do not stop, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus, behind us with a swifter motion<br> + Coming and passing onward, gazed upon us<br> + A crowd of spirits silent and devout. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each in his eyes was dark and cavernous,<br> + Pallid in face, and so emaciate<br> + That from the bones the skin did shape itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I do not think that so to merest rind<br> + Could Erisichthon have been withered up<br> + By famine, when most fear he had of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thinking within myself I said: “Behold,<br> + This is the folk who lost Jerusalem,<br> + When Mary made a prey of her own son.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Their sockets were like rings without the gems;<br> + Whoever in the face of men reads ‘omo’<br> + Might well in these have recognised the ‘m.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who would believe the odour of an apple,<br> + Begetting longing, could consume them so,<br> + And that of water, without knowing how? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I still was wondering what so famished them,<br> + For the occasion not yet manifest<br> + Of their emaciation and sad squalor; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! from out the hollow of his head<br> + His eyes a shade turned on me, and looked keenly;<br> + Then cried aloud: “What grace to me is this?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Never should I have known him by his look;<br> + But in his voice was evident to me<br> + That which his aspect had suppressed within it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This spark within me wholly re-enkindled<br> + My recognition of his altered face,<br> + And I recalled the features of Forese. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ah, do not look at this dry leprosy,”<br> + Entreated he, “which doth my skin discolour,<br> + Nor at default of flesh that I may have; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me truth of thee, and who are those<br> + Two souls, that yonder make for thee an escort;<br> + Do not delay in speaking unto me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“That face of thine, which dead I once bewept,<br> + Gives me for weeping now no lesser grief,”<br> + I answered him, “beholding it so changed! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me, for God’s sake, what thus denudes you?<br> + Make me not speak while I am marvelling,<br> + For ill speaks he who’s full of other longings.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “From the eternal council<br> + Falls power into the water and the tree<br> + Behind us left, whereby I grow so thin. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All of this people who lamenting sing,<br> + For following beyond measure appetite<br> + In hunger and thirst are here re-sanctified. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Desire to eat and drink enkindles in us<br> + The scent that issues from the apple-tree,<br> + And from the spray that sprinkles o’er the verdure; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And not a single time alone, this ground<br> + Encompassing, is refreshed our pain,—<br> + I say our pain, and ought to say our solace,— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For the same wish doth lead us to the tree<br> + Which led the Christ rejoicing to say ‘Eli,’<br> + When with his veins he liberated us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “Forese, from that day<br> + When for a better life thou changedst worlds,<br> + Up to this time five years have not rolled round. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If sooner were the power exhausted in thee<br> + Of sinning more, than thee the hour surprised<br> + Of that good sorrow which to God reweds us, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How hast thou come up hitherward already?<br> + I thought to find thee down there underneath,<br> + Where time for time doth restitution make.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Thus speedily has led me<br> + To drink of the sweet wormwood of these torments,<br> + My Nella with her overflowing tears; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She with her prayers devout and with her sighs<br> + Has drawn me from the coast where one where one awaits,<br> + And from the other circles set me free. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So much more dear and pleasing is to God<br> + My little widow, whom so much I loved,<br> + As in good works she is the more alone; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For the Barbagia of Sardinia<br> + By far more modest in its women is<br> + Than the Barbagia I have left her in. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O brother sweet, what wilt thou have me say?<br> + A future time is in my sight already,<br> + To which this hour will not be very old, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When from the pulpit shall be interdicted<br> + To the unblushing womankind of Florence<br> + To go about displaying breast and paps. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What savages were e’er, what Saracens,<br> + Who stood in need, to make them covered go,<br> + Of spiritual or other discipline? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if the shameless women were assured<br> + Of what swift Heaven prepares for them, already<br> + Wide open would they have their mouths to howl; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For if my foresight here deceive me not,<br> + They shall be sad ere he has bearded cheeks<br> + Who now is hushed to sleep with lullaby. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O brother, now no longer hide thee from me;<br> + See that not only I, but all these people<br> + Are gazing there, where thou dost veil the sun.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I to him: “If thou bring back to mind<br> + What thou with me hast been and I with thee,<br> + The present memory will be grievous still. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Out of that life he turned me back who goes<br> + In front of me, two days agone when round<br> + The sister of him yonder showed herself,” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to the sun I pointed. “Through the deep<br> + Night of the truly dead has this one led me,<br> + With this true flesh, that follows after him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thence his encouragements have led me up,<br> + Ascending and still circling round the mount<br> + That you doth straighten, whom the world made crooked. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He says that he will bear me company,<br> + Till I shall be where Beatrice will be;<br> + There it behoves me to remain without him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This is Virgilius, who thus says to me,”<br> + And him I pointed at; “the other is<br> + That shade for whom just now shook every slope +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Your realm, that from itself discharges him.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXIV"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXIV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor speech the going, nor the going that<br> + Slackened; but talking we went bravely on,<br> + Even as a vessel urged by a good wind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And shadows, that appeared things doubly dead,<br> + From out the sepulchres of their eyes betrayed<br> + Wonder at me, aware that I was living. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, continuing my colloquy,<br> + Said: “Peradventure he goes up more slowly<br> + Than he would do, for other people’s sake. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me, if thou knowest, where is Piccarda;<br> + Tell me if any one of note I see<br> + Among this folk that gazes at me so.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“My sister, who, ’twixt beautiful and good,<br> + I know not which was more, triumphs rejoicing<br> + Already in her crown on high Olympus.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So said he first, and then: “’Tis not forbidden<br> + To name each other here, so milked away<br> + Is our resemblance by our dieting. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This,” pointing with his finger, “is Buonagiunta,<br> + Buonagiunta, of Lucca; and that face<br> + Beyond him there, more peaked than the others, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Has held the holy Church within his arms;<br> + From Tours was he, and purges by his fasting<br> + Bolsena’s eels and the Vernaccia wine.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He named me many others one by one;<br> + And all contented seemed at being named,<br> + So that for this I saw not one dark look. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw for hunger bite the empty air<br> + Ubaldin dalla Pila, and Boniface,<br> + Who with his crook had pastured many people. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw Messer Marchese, who had leisure<br> + Once at Forli for drinking with less dryness,<br> + And he was one who ne’er felt satisfied. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But as he does who scans, and then doth prize<br> + One more than others, did I him of Lucca,<br> + Who seemed to take most cognizance of me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He murmured, and I know not what Gentucca<br> + From that place heard I, where he felt the wound<br> + Of justice, that doth macerate them so. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O soul,” I said, “that seemest so desirous<br> + To speak with me, do so that I may hear thee,<br> + And with thy speech appease thyself and me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“A maid is born, and wears not yet the veil,”<br> + Began he, “who to thee shall pleasant make<br> + My city, howsoever men may blame it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou shalt go on thy way with this prevision;<br> + If by my murmuring thou hast been deceived,<br> + True things hereafter will declare it to thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But say if him I here behold, who forth<br> + Evoked the new-invented rhymes, beginning,<br> + ‘Ladies, that have intelligence of love?’” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “One am I, who, whenever<br> + Love doth inspire me, note, and in that measure<br> + Which he within me dictates, singing go.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O brother, now I see,” he said, “the knot<br> + Which me, the Notary, and Guittone held<br> + Short of the sweet new style that now I hear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I do perceive full clearly how your pens<br> + Go closely following after him who dictates,<br> + Which with our own forsooth came not to pass; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he who sets himself to go beyond,<br> + No difference sees from one style to another;”<br> + And as if satisfied, he held his peace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the birds, that winter tow’rds the Nile,<br> + Sometimes into a phalanx form themselves,<br> + Then fly in greater haste, and go in file; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In such wise all the people who were there,<br> + Turning their faces, hurried on their steps,<br> + Both by their leanness and their wishes light. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as a man, who weary is with trotting,<br> + Lets his companions onward go, and walks,<br> + Until he vents the panting of his chest; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So did Forese let the holy flock<br> + Pass by, and came with me behind it, saying,<br> + “When will it be that I again shall see thee?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“How long,” I answered, “I may live, I know not;<br> + Yet my return will not so speedy be,<br> + But I shall sooner in desire arrive; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because the place where I was set to live<br> + From day to day of good is more depleted,<br> + And unto dismal ruin seems ordained.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Now go,” he said, “for him most guilty of it<br> + At a beast’s tail behold I dragged along<br> + Towards the valley where is no repentance. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Faster at every step the beast is going,<br> + Increasing evermore until it smites him,<br> + And leaves the body vilely mutilated. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not long those wheels shall turn,” and he uplifted<br> + His eyes to heaven, “ere shall be clear to thee<br> + That which my speech no farther can declare. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now stay behind; because the time so precious<br> + Is in this kingdom, that I lose too much<br> + By coming onward thus abreast with thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As sometimes issues forth upon a gallop<br> + A cavalier from out a troop that ride,<br> + And seeks the honour of the first encounter, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So he with greater strides departed from us;<br> + And on the road remained I with those two,<br> + Who were such mighty marshals of the world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when before us he had gone so far<br> + Mine eyes became to him such pursuivants<br> + As was my understanding to his words, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Appeared to me with laden and living boughs<br> + Another apple-tree, and not far distant,<br> + From having but just then turned thitherward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +People I saw beneath it lift their hands,<br> + And cry I know not what towards the leaves,<br> + Like little children eager and deluded, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who pray, and he they pray to doth not answer,<br> + But, to make very keen their appetite,<br> + Holds their desire aloft, and hides it not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then they departed as if undeceived;<br> + And now we came unto the mighty tree<br> + Which prayers and tears so manifold refuses. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Pass farther onward without drawing near;<br> + The tree of which Eve ate is higher up,<br> + And out of that one has this tree been raised.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus said I know not who among the branches;<br> + Whereat Virgilius, Statius, and myself<br> + Went crowding forward on the side that rises. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Be mindful,” said he, “of the accursed ones<br> + Formed of the cloud-rack, who inebriate<br> + Combated Theseus with their double breasts; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of the Jews who showed them soft in drinking,<br> + Whence Gideon would not have them for companions<br> + When he tow’rds Midian the hills descended.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus, closely pressed to one of the two borders,<br> + On passed we, hearing sins of gluttony,<br> + Followed forsooth by miserable gains; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then set at large upon the lonely road,<br> + A thousand steps and more we onward went,<br> + In contemplation, each without a word. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“What go ye thinking thus, ye three alone?”<br> + Said suddenly a voice, whereat I started<br> + As terrified and timid beasts are wont. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I raised my head to see who this might be,<br> + And never in a furnace was there seen<br> + Metals or glass so lucent and so red +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As one I saw who said: “If it may please you<br> + To mount aloft, here it behoves you turn;<br> + This way goes he who goeth after peace.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His aspect had bereft me of my sight,<br> + So that I turned me back unto my Teachers,<br> + Like one who goeth as his hearing guides him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as, the harbinger of early dawn,<br> + The air of May doth move and breathe out fragrance,<br> + Impregnate all with herbage and with flowers, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So did I feel a breeze strike in the midst<br> + My front, and felt the moving of the plumes<br> + That breathed around an odour of ambrosia; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And heard it said: “Blessed are they whom grace<br> + So much illumines, that the love of taste<br> + Excites not in their breasts too great desire, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hungering at all times so far as is just.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXV"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now was it the ascent no hindrance brooked,<br> + Because the sun had his meridian circle<br> + To Taurus left, and night to Scorpio; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore as doth a man who tarries not,<br> + But goes his way, whate’er to him appear,<br> + If of necessity the sting transfix him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In this wise did we enter through the gap,<br> + Taking the stairway, one before the other,<br> + Which by its narrowness divides the climbers. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as the little stork that lifts its wing<br> + With a desire to fly, and does not venture<br> + To leave the nest, and lets it downward droop, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even such was I, with the desire of asking<br> + Kindled and quenched, unto the motion coming<br> + He makes who doth address himself to speak. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not for our pace, though rapid it might be,<br> + My father sweet forbore, but said: “Let fly<br> + The bow of speech thou to the barb hast drawn.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With confidence I opened then my mouth,<br> + And I began: “How can one meagre grow<br> + There where the need of nutriment applies not?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If thou wouldst call to mind how Meleager<br> + Was wasted by the wasting of a brand,<br> + This would not,” said he, “be to thee so sour; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And wouldst thou think how at each tremulous motion<br> + Trembles within a mirror your own image;<br> + That which seems hard would mellow seem to thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But that thou mayst content thee in thy wish<br> + Lo Statius here; and him I call and pray<br> + He now will be the healer of thy wounds.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If I unfold to him the eternal vengeance,”<br> + Responded Statius, “where thou present art,<br> + Be my excuse that I can naught deny thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he began: “Son, if these words of mine<br> + Thy mind doth contemplate and doth receive,<br> + They’ll be thy light unto the How thou sayest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The perfect blood, which never is drunk up<br> + Into the thirsty veins, and which remaineth<br> + Like food that from the table thou removest, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Takes in the heart for all the human members<br> + Virtue informative, as being that<br> + Which to be changed to them goes through the veins +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Again digest, descends it where ’tis better<br> + Silent to be than say; and then drops thence<br> + Upon another’s blood in natural vase. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There one together with the other mingles,<br> + One to be passive meant, the other active<br> + By reason of the perfect place it springs from; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And being conjoined, begins to operate,<br> + Coagulating first, then vivifying<br> + What for its matter it had made consistent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The active virtue, being made a soul<br> + As of a plant, (in so far different,<br> + This on the way is, that arrived already,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then works so much, that now it moves and feels<br> + Like a sea-fungus, and then undertakes<br> + To organize the powers whose seed it is. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now, Son, dilates and now distends itself<br> + The virtue from the generator’s heart,<br> + Where nature is intent on all the members. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But how from animal it man becomes<br> + Thou dost not see as yet; this is a point<br> + Which made a wiser man than thou once err +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So far, that in his doctrine separate<br> + He made the soul from possible intellect,<br> + For he no organ saw by this assumed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Open thy breast unto the truth that’s coming,<br> + And know that, just as soon as in the foetus<br> + The articulation of the brain is perfect, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The primal Motor turns to it well pleased<br> + At so great art of nature, and inspires<br> + A spirit new with virtue all replete, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which what it finds there active doth attract<br> + Into its substance, and becomes one soul,<br> + Which lives, and feels, and on itself revolves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that thou less may wonder at my word,<br> + Behold the sun’s heat, which becometh wine,<br> + Joined to the juice that from the vine distils. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whenever Lachesis has no more thread,<br> + It separates from the flesh, and virtually<br> + Bears with itself the human and divine; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other faculties are voiceless all;<br> + The memory, the intelligence, and the will<br> + In action far more vigorous than before. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Without a pause it falleth of itself<br> + In marvellous way on one shore or the other;<br> + There of its roads it first is cognizant. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Soon as the place there circumscribeth it,<br> + The virtue informative rays round about,<br> + As, and as much as, in the living members. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as the air, when full of rain,<br> + By alien rays that are therein reflected,<br> + With divers colours shows itself adorned, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So there the neighbouring air doth shape itself<br> + Into that form which doth impress upon it<br> + Virtually the soul that has stood still. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then in manner of the little flame,<br> + Which followeth the fire where’er it shifts,<br> + After the spirit followeth its new form. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Since afterwards it takes from this its semblance,<br> + It is called shade; and thence it organizes<br> + Thereafter every sense, even to the sight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thence is it that we speak, and thence we laugh;<br> + Thence is it that we form the tears and sighs,<br> + That on the mountain thou mayhap hast heard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +According as impress us our desires<br> + And other affections, so the shade is shaped,<br> + And this is cause of what thou wonderest at.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now unto the last of all the circles<br> + Had we arrived, and to the right hand turned,<br> + And were attentive to another care. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There the embankment shoots forth flames of fire,<br> + And upward doth the cornice breathe a blast<br> + That drives them back, and from itself sequesters. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence we must needs go on the open side,<br> + And one by one; and I did fear the fire<br> + On this side, and on that the falling down. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Leader said: “Along this place one ought<br> + To keep upon the eyes a tightened rein,<br> + Seeing that one so easily might err.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Summae Deus clementiae,” in the bosom<br> + Of the great burning chanted then I heard,<br> + Which made me no less eager to turn round; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And spirits saw I walking through the flame;<br> + Wherefore I looked, to my own steps and theirs<br> + Apportioning my sight from time to time. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the close which to that hymn is made,<br> + Aloud they shouted, “Virum non cognosco;”<br> + Then recommenced the hymn with voices low. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This also ended, cried they: “To the wood<br> + Diana ran, and drove forth Helice<br> + Therefrom, who had of Venus felt the poison.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then to their song returned they; then the wives<br> + They shouted, and the husbands who were chaste.<br> + As virtue and the marriage vow imposes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I believe that them this mode suffices,<br> + For all the time the fire is burning them;<br> + With such care is it needful, and such food, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That the last wound of all should be closed up. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXVI"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXVI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +While on the brink thus one before the other<br> + We went upon our way, oft the good Master<br> + Said: “Take thou heed! suffice it that I warn thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On the right shoulder smote me now the sun,<br> + That, raying out, already the whole west<br> + Changed from its azure aspect into white. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And with my shadow did I make the flame<br> + Appear more red; and even to such a sign<br> + Shades saw I many, as they went, give heed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This was the cause that gave them a beginning<br> + To speak of me; and to themselves began they<br> + To say: “That seems not a factitious body!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then towards me, as far as they could come,<br> + Came certain of them, always with regard<br> + Not to step forth where they would not be burned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou who goest, not from being slower<br> + But reverent perhaps, behind the others,<br> + Answer me, who in thirst and fire am burning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor to me only is thine answer needful;<br> + For all of these have greater thirst for it<br> + Than for cold water Ethiop or Indian. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tell us how is it that thou makest thyself<br> + A wall unto the sun, as if thou hadst not<br> + Entered as yet into the net of death.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus one of them addressed me, and I straight<br> + Should have revealed myself, were I not bent<br> + On other novelty that then appeared. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For through the middle of the burning road<br> + There came a people face to face with these,<br> + Which held me in suspense with gazing at them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There see I hastening upon either side<br> + Each of the shades, and kissing one another<br> + Without a pause, content with brief salute. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus in the middle of their brown battalions<br> + Muzzle to muzzle one ant meets another<br> + Perchance to spy their journey or their fortune. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No sooner is the friendly greeting ended,<br> + Or ever the first footstep passes onward,<br> + Each one endeavours to outcry the other; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The new-come people: “Sodom and Gomorrah!”<br> + The rest: “Into the cow Pasiphae enters,<br> + So that the bull unto her lust may run!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then as the cranes, that to Riphaean mountains<br> + Might fly in part, and part towards the sands,<br> + These of the frost, those of the sun avoidant, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One folk is going, and the other coming,<br> + And weeping they return to their first songs,<br> + And to the cry that most befitteth them; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And close to me approached, even as before,<br> + The very same who had entreated me,<br> + Attent to listen in their countenance. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I, who their inclination twice had seen,<br> + Began: “O souls secure in the possession,<br> + Whene’er it may be, of a state of peace, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Neither unripe nor ripened have remained<br> + My members upon earth, but here are with me<br> + With their own blood and their articulations. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I go up here to be no longer blind;<br> + A Lady is above, who wins this grace,<br> + Whereby the mortal through your world I bring. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But as your greatest longing satisfied<br> + May soon become, so that the Heaven may house you<br> + Which full of love is, and most amply spreads, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tell me, that I again in books may write it,<br> + Who are you, and what is that multitude<br> + Which goes upon its way behind your backs?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not otherwise with wonder is bewildered<br> + The mountaineer, and staring round is dumb,<br> + When rough and rustic to the town he goes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than every shade became in its appearance;<br> + But when they of their stupor were disburdened,<br> + Which in high hearts is quickly quieted, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Blessed be thou, who of our border-lands,”<br> + He recommenced who first had questioned us,<br> + “Experience freightest for a better life. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The folk that comes not with us have offended<br> + In that for which once Caesar, triumphing,<br> + Heard himself called in contumely, ‘Queen.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore they separate, exclaiming, ‘Sodom!’<br> + Themselves reproving, even as thou hast heard,<br> + And add unto their burning by their shame. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Our own transgression was hermaphrodite;<br> + But because we observed not human law,<br> + Following like unto beasts our appetite, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In our opprobrium by us is read,<br> + When we part company, the name of her<br> + Who bestialized herself in bestial wood. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now knowest thou our acts, and what our crime was;<br> + Wouldst thou perchance by name know who we are,<br> + There is not time to tell, nor could I do it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy wish to know me shall in sooth be granted;<br> + I’m Guido Guinicelli, and now purge me,<br> + Having repented ere the hour extreme.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The same that in the sadness of Lycurgus<br> + Two sons became, their mother re-beholding,<br> + Such I became, but rise not to such height, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The moment I heard name himself the father<br> + Of me and of my betters, who had ever<br> + Practised the sweet and gracious rhymes of love; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And without speech and hearing thoughtfully<br> + For a long time I went, beholding him,<br> + Nor for the fire did I approach him nearer. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I was fed with looking, utterly<br> + Myself I offered ready for his service,<br> + With affirmation that compels belief. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Thou leavest footprints such<br> + In me, from what I hear, and so distinct,<br> + Lethe cannot efface them, nor make dim. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if thy words just now the truth have sworn,<br> + Tell me what is the cause why thou displayest<br> + In word and look that dear thou holdest me?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “Those dulcet lays of yours<br> + Which, long as shall endure our modern fashion,<br> + Shall make for ever dear their very ink!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O brother,” said he, “he whom I point out,”<br> + And here he pointed at a spirit in front,<br> + “Was of the mother tongue a better smith. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Verses of love and proses of romance,<br> + He mastered all; and let the idiots talk,<br> + Who think the Lemosin surpasses him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To clamour more than truth they turn their faces,<br> + And in this way establish their opinion,<br> + Ere art or reason has by them been heard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus many ancients with Guittone did,<br> + From cry to cry still giving him applause,<br> + Until the truth has conquered with most persons. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now, if thou hast such ample privilege<br> + ’Tis granted thee to go unto the cloister<br> + Wherein is Christ the abbot of the college, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To him repeat for me a Paternoster,<br> + So far as needful to us of this world,<br> + Where power of sinning is no longer ours.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then, to give place perchance to one behind,<br> + Whom he had near, he vanished in the fire<br> + As fish in water going to the bottom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I moved a little tow’rds him pointed out,<br> + And said that to his name my own desire<br> + An honourable place was making ready. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He of his own free will began to say:<br> + ‘Tan m’ abellis vostre cortes deman,<br> + Que jeu nom’ puesc ni vueill a vos cobrire; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Jeu sui Arnaut, que plor e vai chantan;<br> + Consiros vei la passada folor,<br> + E vei jauzen lo jorn qu’ esper denan. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ara vus prec per aquella valor,<br> + Que vus condus al som de la scalina,<br> + Sovenga vus a temprar ma dolor.’* +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then hid him in the fire that purifies them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +* So pleases me your courteous demand,<br> + I cannot and I will not hide me from you.<br> +I am Arnaut, who weep and singing go;<br> + Contrite I see the folly of the past,<br> + And joyous see the hoped-for day before me.<br> +Therefore do I implore you, by that power<br> + Which guides you to the summit of the stairs,<br> + Be mindful to assuage my suffering! +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXVII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXVII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +As when he vibrates forth his earliest rays,<br> + In regions where his Maker shed his blood,<br> + (The Ebro falling under lofty Libra, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And waters in the Ganges burnt with noon,)<br> + So stood the Sun; hence was the day departing,<br> + When the glad Angel of God appeared to us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Outside the flame he stood upon the verge,<br> + And chanted forth, “Beati mundo corde,”<br> + In voice by far more living than our own. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then: “No one farther goes, souls sanctified,<br> + If first the fire bite not; within it enter,<br> + And be not deaf unto the song beyond.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When we were close beside him thus he said;<br> + Wherefore e’en such became I, when I heard him,<br> + As he is who is put into the grave. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon my clasped hands I straightened me,<br> + Scanning the fire, and vividly recalling<br> + The human bodies I had once seen burned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Towards me turned themselves my good Conductors,<br> + And unto me Virgilius said: “My son,<br> + Here may indeed be torment, but not death. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Remember thee, remember! and if I<br> + On Geryon have safely guided thee,<br> + What shall I do now I am nearer God? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Believe for certain, shouldst thou stand a full<br> + Millennium in the bosom of this flame,<br> + It could not make thee bald a single hair. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if perchance thou think that I deceive thee,<br> + Draw near to it, and put it to the proof<br> + With thine own hands upon thy garment’s hem. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now lay aside, now lay aside all fear,<br> + Turn hitherward, and onward come securely;”<br> + And I still motionless, and ’gainst my conscience! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Seeing me stand still motionless and stubborn,<br> + Somewhat disturbed he said: “Now look thou, Son,<br> + ’Twixt Beatrice and thee there is this wall.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As at the name of Thisbe oped his lids<br> + The dying Pyramus, and gazed upon her,<br> + What time the mulberry became vermilion, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus, my obduracy being softened,<br> + I turned to my wise Guide, hearing the name<br> + That in my memory evermore is welling. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat he wagged his head, and said: “How now?<br> + Shall we stay on this side?” then smiled as one<br> + Does at a child who’s vanquished by an apple. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then into the fire in front of me he entered,<br> + Beseeching Statius to come after me,<br> + Who a long way before divided us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I was in it, into molten glass<br> + I would have cast me to refresh myself,<br> + So without measure was the burning there! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And my sweet Father, to encourage me,<br> + Discoursing still of Beatrice went on,<br> + Saying: “Her eyes I seem to see already!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A voice, that on the other side was singing,<br> + Directed us, and we, attent alone<br> + On that, came forth where the ascent began. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Venite, benedicti Patris mei,”<br> + Sounded within a splendour, which was there<br> + Such it o’ercame me, and I could not look. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The sun departs,” it added, “and night cometh;<br> + Tarry ye not, but onward urge your steps,<br> + So long as yet the west becomes not dark.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Straight forward through the rock the path ascended<br> + In such a way that I cut off the rays<br> + Before me of the sun, that now was low. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of few stairs we yet had made assay,<br> + Ere by the vanished shadow the sun’s setting<br> + Behind us we perceived, I and my Sages. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And ere in all its parts immeasurable<br> + The horizon of one aspect had become,<br> + And Night her boundless dispensation held, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each of us of a stair had made his bed;<br> + Because the nature of the mount took from us<br> + The power of climbing, more than the delight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as in ruminating passive grow<br> + The goats, who have been swift and venturesome<br> + Upon the mountain-tops ere they were fed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hushed in the shadow, while the sun is hot,<br> + Watched by the herdsman, who upon his staff<br> + Is leaning, and in leaning tendeth them; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as the shepherd, lodging out of doors,<br> + Passes the night beside his quiet flock,<br> + Watching that no wild beast may scatter it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such at that hour were we, all three of us,<br> + I like the goat, and like the herdsmen they,<br> + Begirt on this side and on that by rocks. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Little could there be seen of things without;<br> + But through that little I beheld the stars<br> + More luminous and larger than their wont. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus ruminating, and beholding these,<br> + Sleep seized upon me,—sleep, that oftentimes<br> + Before a deed is done has tidings of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It was the hour, I think, when from the East<br> + First on the mountain Citherea beamed,<br> + Who with the fire of love seems always burning; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Youthful and beautiful in dreams methought<br> + I saw a lady walking in a meadow,<br> + Gathering flowers; and singing she was saying: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Know whosoever may my name demand<br> + That I am Leah, and go moving round<br> + My beauteous hands to make myself a garland. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To please me at the mirror, here I deck me,<br> + But never does my sister Rachel leave<br> + Her looking-glass, and sitteth all day long. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To see her beauteous eyes as eager is she,<br> + As I am to adorn me with my hands;<br> + Her, seeing, and me, doing satisfies.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now before the antelucan splendours<br> + That unto pilgrims the more grateful rise,<br> + As, home-returning, less remote they lodge, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The darkness fled away on every side,<br> + And slumber with it; whereupon I rose,<br> + Seeing already the great Masters risen. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“That apple sweet, which through so many branches<br> + The care of mortals goeth in pursuit of,<br> + To-day shall put in peace thy hungerings.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Speaking to me, Virgilius of such words<br> + As these made use; and never were there guerdons<br> + That could in pleasantness compare with these. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such longing upon longing came upon me<br> + To be above, that at each step thereafter<br> + For flight I felt in me the pinions growing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When underneath us was the stairway all<br> + Run o’er, and we were on the highest step,<br> + Virgilius fastened upon me his eyes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said: “The temporal fire and the eternal,<br> + Son, thou hast seen, and to a place art come<br> + Where of myself no farther I discern. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By intellect and art I here have brought thee;<br> + Take thine own pleasure for thy guide henceforth;<br> + Beyond the steep ways and the narrow art thou. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold the sun, that shines upon thy forehead;<br> + Behold the grass, the flowerets, and the shrubs<br> + Which of itself alone this land produces. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Until rejoicing come the beauteous eyes<br> + Which weeping caused me to come unto thee,<br> + Thou canst sit down, and thou canst walk among them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Expect no more or word or sign from me;<br> + Free and upright and sound is thy free-will,<br> + And error were it not to do its bidding; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thee o’er thyself I therefore crown and mitre!” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXVIII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXVIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Eager already to search in and round<br> + The heavenly forest, dense and living-green,<br> + Which tempered to the eyes the new-born day, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Withouten more delay I left the bank,<br> + Taking the level country slowly, slowly<br> + Over the soil that everywhere breathes fragrance. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A softly-breathing air, that no mutation<br> + Had in itself, upon the forehead smote me<br> + No heavier blow than of a gentle wind, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat the branches, lightly tremulous,<br> + Did all of them bow downward toward that side<br> + Where its first shadow casts the Holy Mountain; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Yet not from their upright direction swayed,<br> + So that the little birds upon their tops<br> + Should leave the practice of each art of theirs; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But with full ravishment the hours of prime,<br> + Singing, received they in the midst of leaves,<br> + That ever bore a burden to their rhymes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such as from branch to branch goes gathering on<br> + Through the pine forest on the shore of Chiassi,<br> + When Eolus unlooses the Sirocco. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already my slow steps had carried me<br> + Into the ancient wood so far, that I<br> + Could not perceive where I had entered it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! my further course a stream cut off,<br> + Which tow’rd the left hand with its little waves<br> + Bent down the grass that on its margin sprang. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All waters that on earth most limpid are<br> + Would seem to have within themselves some mixture<br> + Compared with that which nothing doth conceal, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Although it moves on with a brown, brown current<br> + Under the shade perpetual, that never<br> + Ray of the sun lets in, nor of the moon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With feet I stayed, and with mine eyes I passed<br> + Beyond the rivulet, to look upon<br> + The great variety of the fresh may. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And there appeared to me (even as appears<br> + Suddenly something that doth turn aside<br> + Through very wonder every other thought) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A lady all alone, who went along<br> + Singing and culling floweret after floweret,<br> + With which her pathway was all painted over. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ah, beauteous lady, who in rays of love<br> + Dost warm thyself, if I may trust to looks,<br> + Which the heart’s witnesses are wont to be, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +May the desire come unto thee to draw<br> + Near to this river’s bank,” I said to her,<br> + “So much that I might hear what thou art singing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou makest me remember where and what<br> + Proserpina that moment was when lost<br> + Her mother her, and she herself the Spring.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As turns herself, with feet together pressed<br> + And to the ground, a lady who is dancing,<br> + And hardly puts one foot before the other, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On the vermilion and the yellow flowerets<br> + She turned towards me, not in other wise<br> + Than maiden who her modest eyes casts down; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And my entreaties made to be content,<br> + So near approaching, that the dulcet sound<br> + Came unto me together with its meaning +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as she was where the grasses are.<br> + Bathed by the waters of the beauteous river,<br> + To lift her eyes she granted me the boon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I do not think there shone so great a light<br> + Under the lids of Venus, when transfixed<br> + By her own son, beyond his usual custom! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Erect upon the other bank she smiled,<br> + Bearing full many colours in her hands,<br> + Which that high land produces without seed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Apart three paces did the river make us;<br> + But Hellespont, where Xerxes passed across,<br> + (A curb still to all human arrogance,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More hatred from Leander did not suffer<br> + For rolling between Sestos and Abydos,<br> + Than that from me, because it oped not then. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ye are new-comers; and because I smile,”<br> + Began she, “peradventure, in this place<br> + Elect to human nature for its nest, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Some apprehension keeps you marvelling;<br> + But the psalm ‘Delectasti’ giveth light<br> + Which has the power to uncloud your intellect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thou who foremost art, and didst entreat me,<br> + Speak, if thou wouldst hear more; for I came ready<br> + To all thy questionings, as far as needful.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The water,” said I, “and the forest’s sound,<br> + Are combating within me my new faith<br> + In something which I heard opposed to this.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence she: “I will relate how from its cause<br> + Proceedeth that which maketh thee to wonder,<br> + And purge away the cloud that smites upon thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Good Supreme, sole in itself delighting,<br> + Created man good, and this goodly place<br> + Gave him as hansel of eternal peace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By his default short while he sojourned here;<br> + By his default to weeping and to toil<br> + He changed his innocent laughter and sweet play. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That the disturbance which below is made<br> + By exhalations of the land and water,<br> + (Which far as may be follow after heat,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Might not upon mankind wage any war,<br> + This mount ascended tow’rds the heaven so high,<br> + And is exempt, from there where it is locked. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now since the universal atmosphere<br> + Turns in a circuit with the primal motion<br> + Unless the circle is broken on some side, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon this height, that all is disengaged<br> + In living ether, doth this motion strike<br> + And make the forest sound, for it is dense; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And so much power the stricken plant possesses<br> + That with its virtue it impregns the air,<br> + And this, revolving, scatters it around; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And yonder earth, according as ’tis worthy<br> + In self or in its clime, conceives and bears<br> + Of divers qualities the divers trees; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It should not seem a marvel then on earth,<br> + This being heard, whenever any plant<br> + Without seed manifest there taketh root. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thou must know, this holy table-land<br> + In which thou art is full of every seed,<br> + And fruit has in it never gathered there. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The water which thou seest springs not from vein<br> + Restored by vapour that the cold condenses,<br> + Like to a stream that gains or loses breath; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But issues from a fountain safe and certain,<br> + Which by the will of God as much regains<br> + As it discharges, open on two sides. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon this side with virtue it descends,<br> + Which takes away all memory of sin;<br> + On that, of every good deed done restores it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here Lethe, as upon the other side<br> + Eunoe, it is called; and worketh not<br> + If first on either side it be not tasted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This every other savour doth transcend;<br> + And notwithstanding slaked so far may be<br> + Thy thirst, that I reveal to thee no more, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I’ll give thee a corollary still in grace,<br> + Nor think my speech will be to thee less dear<br> + If it spread out beyond my promise to thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those who in ancient times have feigned in song<br> + The Age of Gold and its felicity,<br> + Dreamed of this place perhaps upon Parnassus. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here was the human race in innocence;<br> + Here evermore was Spring, and every fruit;<br> + This is the nectar of which each one speaks.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then backward did I turn me wholly round<br> + Unto my Poets, and saw that with a smile<br> + They had been listening to these closing words; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then to the beautiful lady turned mine eyes. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXIX"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXIX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Singing like unto an enamoured lady<br> + She, with the ending of her words, continued:<br> + “Beati quorum tecta sunt peccata.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as Nymphs, that wandered all alone<br> + Among the sylvan shadows, sedulous<br> + One to avoid and one to see the sun, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She then against the stream moved onward, going<br> + Along the bank, and I abreast of her,<br> + Her little steps with little steps attending. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Between her steps and mine were not a hundred,<br> + When equally the margins gave a turn,<br> + In such a way, that to the East I faced. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor even thus our way continued far<br> + Before the lady wholly turned herself<br> + Unto me, saying, “Brother, look and listen!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! a sudden lustre ran across<br> + On every side athwart the spacious forest,<br> + Such that it made me doubt if it were lightning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since the lightning ceases as it comes,<br> + And that continuing brightened more and more,<br> + Within my thought I said, “What thing is this?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And a delicious melody there ran<br> + Along the luminous air, whence holy zeal<br> + Made me rebuke the hardihood of Eve; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For there where earth and heaven obedient were,<br> + The woman only, and but just created,<br> + Could not endure to stay ’neath any veil; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Underneath which had she devoutly stayed,<br> + I sooner should have tasted those delights<br> + Ineffable, and for a longer time. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While ’mid such manifold first-fruits I walked<br> + Of the eternal pleasure all enrapt,<br> + And still solicitous of more delights, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In front of us like an enkindled fire<br> + Became the air beneath the verdant boughs,<br> + And the sweet sound as singing now was heard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Virgins sacrosanct! if ever hunger,<br> + Vigils, or cold for you I have endured,<br> + The occasion spurs me their reward to claim! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now Helicon must needs pour forth for me,<br> + And with her choir Urania must assist me,<br> + To put in verse things difficult to think. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A little farther on, seven trees of gold<br> + In semblance the long space still intervening<br> + Between ourselves and them did counterfeit; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when I had approached so near to them<br> + The common object, which the sense deceives,<br> + Lost not by distance any of its marks, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The faculty that lends discourse to reason<br> + Did apprehend that they were candlesticks,<br> + And in the voices of the song “Hosanna!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Above them flamed the harness beautiful,<br> + Far brighter than the moon in the serene<br> + Of midnight, at the middle of her month. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I turned me round, with admiration filled,<br> + To good Virgilius, and he answered me<br> + With visage no less full of wonderment. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then back I turned my face to those high things,<br> + Which moved themselves towards us so sedately,<br> + They had been distanced by new-wedded brides. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The lady chid me: “Why dost thou burn only<br> + So with affection for the living lights,<br> + And dost not look at what comes after them?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then saw I people, as behind their leaders,<br> + Coming behind them, garmented in white,<br> + And such a whiteness never was on earth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The water on my left flank was resplendent,<br> + And back to me reflected my left side,<br> + E’en as a mirror, if I looked therein. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I upon my margin had such post<br> + That nothing but the stream divided us,<br> + Better to see I gave my steps repose; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I beheld the flamelets onward go,<br> + Leaving behind themselves the air depicted,<br> + And they of trailing pennons had the semblance, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that it overhead remained distinct<br> + With sevenfold lists, all of them of the colours<br> + Whence the sun’s bow is made, and Delia’s girdle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These standards to the rearward longer were<br> + Than was my sight; and, as it seemed to me,<br> + Ten paces were the outermost apart. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Under so fair a heaven as I describe<br> + The four and twenty Elders, two by two,<br> + Came on incoronate with flower-de-luce. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They all of them were singing: “Blessed thou<br> + Among the daughters of Adam art, and blessed<br> + For evermore shall be thy loveliness.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the flowers and other tender grasses<br> + In front of me upon the other margin<br> + Were disencumbered of that race elect, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as in heaven star followeth after star,<br> + There came close after them four animals,<br> + Incoronate each one with verdant leaf. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Plumed with six wings was every one of them,<br> + The plumage full of eyes; the eyes of Argus<br> + If they were living would be such as these. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Reader! to trace their forms no more I waste<br> + My rhymes; for other spendings press me so,<br> + That I in this cannot be prodigal. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But read Ezekiel, who depicteth them<br> + As he beheld them from the region cold<br> + Coming with cloud, with whirlwind, and with fire; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And such as thou shalt find them in his pages,<br> + Such were they here; saving that in their plumage<br> + John is with me, and differeth from him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The interval between these four contained<br> + A chariot triumphal on two wheels,<br> + Which by a Griffin’s neck came drawn along; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And upward he extended both his wings<br> + Between the middle list and three and three,<br> + So that he injured none by cleaving it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So high they rose that they were lost to sight;<br> + His limbs were gold, so far as he was bird,<br> + And white the others with vermilion mingled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not only Rome with no such splendid car<br> + E’er gladdened Africanus, or Augustus,<br> + But poor to it that of the Sun would be,— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That of the Sun, which swerving was burnt up<br> + At the importunate orison of Earth,<br> + When Jove was so mysteriously just. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Three maidens at the right wheel in a circle<br> + Came onward dancing; one so very red<br> + That in the fire she hardly had been noted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The second was as if her flesh and bones<br> + Had all been fashioned out of emerald;<br> + The third appeared as snow but newly fallen. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now they seemed conducted by the white,<br> + Now by the red, and from the song of her<br> + The others took their step, or slow or swift. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the left hand four made holiday<br> + Vested in purple, following the measure<br> + Of one of them with three eyes in her head. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In rear of all the group here treated of<br> + Two old men I beheld, unlike in habit,<br> + But like in gait, each dignified and grave. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One showed himself as one of the disciples<br> + Of that supreme Hippocrates, whom nature<br> + Made for the animals she holds most dear; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Contrary care the other manifested,<br> + With sword so shining and so sharp, it caused<br> + Terror to me on this side of the river. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter four I saw of humble aspect,<br> + And behind all an aged man alone<br> + Walking in sleep with countenance acute. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And like the foremost company these seven<br> + Were habited; yet of the flower-de-luce<br> + No garland round about the head they wore, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But of the rose, and other flowers vermilion;<br> + At little distance would the sight have sworn<br> + That all were in a flame above their brows. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when the car was opposite to me<br> + Thunder was heard; and all that folk august<br> + Seemed to have further progress interdicted, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There with the vanward ensigns standing still. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXX"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +When the Septentrion of the highest heaven<br> + (Which never either setting knew or rising,<br> + Nor veil of other cloud than that of sin, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And which made every one therein aware<br> + Of his own duty, as the lower makes<br> + Whoever turns the helm to come to port) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Motionless halted, the veracious people,<br> + That came at first between it and the Griffin,<br> + Turned themselves to the car, as to their peace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one of them, as if by Heaven commissioned,<br> + Singing, “Veni, sponsa, de Libano”<br> + Shouted three times, and all the others after. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the Blessed at the final summons<br> + Shall rise up quickened each one from his cavern,<br> + Uplifting light the reinvested flesh, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So upon that celestial chariot<br> + A hundred rose ‘ad vocem tanti senis,’<br> + Ministers and messengers of life eternal. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They all were saying, “Benedictus qui venis,”<br> + And, scattering flowers above and round about,<br> + “Manibus o date lilia plenis.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ere now have I beheld, as day began,<br> + The eastern hemisphere all tinged with rose,<br> + And the other heaven with fair serene adorned; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the sun’s face, uprising, overshadowed<br> + So that by tempering influence of vapours<br> + For a long interval the eye sustained it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus in the bosom of a cloud of flowers<br> + Which from those hands angelical ascended,<br> + And downward fell again inside and out, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Over her snow-white veil with olive cinct<br> + Appeared a lady under a green mantle,<br> + Vested in colour of the living flame. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And my own spirit, that already now<br> + So long a time had been, that in her presence<br> + Trembling with awe it had not stood abashed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Without more knowledge having by mine eyes,<br> + Through occult virtue that from her proceeded<br> + Of ancient love the mighty influence felt. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as on my vision smote the power<br> + Sublime, that had already pierced me through<br> + Ere from my boyhood I had yet come forth, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To the left hand I turned with that reliance<br> + With which the little child runs to his mother,<br> + When he has fear, or when he is afflicted, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To say unto Virgilius: “Not a drachm<br> + Of blood remains in me, that does not tremble;<br> + I know the traces of the ancient flame.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But us Virgilius of himself deprived<br> + Had left, Virgilius, sweetest of all fathers,<br> + Virgilius, to whom I for safety gave me: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor whatsoever lost the ancient mother<br> + Availed my cheeks now purified from dew,<br> + That weeping they should not again be darkened. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Dante, because Virgilius has departed<br> + Do not weep yet, do not weep yet awhile;<br> + For by another sword thou need’st must weep.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +E’en as an admiral, who on poop and prow<br> + Comes to behold the people that are working<br> + In other ships, and cheers them to well-doing, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the left hand border of the car,<br> + When at the sound I turned of my own name,<br> + Which of necessity is here recorded, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw the Lady, who erewhile appeared<br> + Veiled underneath the angelic festival,<br> + Direct her eyes to me across the river. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Although the veil, that from her head descended,<br> + Encircled with the foliage of Minerva,<br> + Did not permit her to appear distinctly, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In attitude still royally majestic<br> + Continued she, like unto one who speaks,<br> + And keeps his warmest utterance in reserve: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Look at me well; in sooth I’m Beatrice!<br> + How didst thou deign to come unto the Mountain?<br> + Didst thou not know that man is happy here?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Mine eyes fell downward into the clear fountain,<br> + But, seeing myself therein, I sought the grass,<br> + So great a shame did weigh my forehead down. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As to the son the mother seems superb,<br> + So she appeared to me; for somewhat bitter<br> + Tasteth the savour of severe compassion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Silent became she, and the Angels sang<br> + Suddenly, “In te, Domine, speravi:”<br> + But beyond ‘pedes meos’ did not pass. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the snow among the living rafters<br> + Upon the back of Italy congeals,<br> + Blown on and drifted by Sclavonian winds, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then, dissolving, trickles through itself<br> + Whene’er the land that loses shadow breathes,<br> + So that it seems a fire that melts a taper; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +E’en thus was I without a tear or sigh,<br> + Before the song of those who sing for ever<br> + After the music of the eternal spheres. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when I heard in their sweet melodies<br> + Compassion for me, more than had they said,<br> + “O wherefore, lady, dost thou thus upbraid him?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The ice, that was about my heart congealed,<br> + To air and water changed, and in my anguish<br> + Through mouth and eyes came gushing from my breast. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She, on the right-hand border of the car<br> + Still firmly standing, to those holy beings<br> + Thus her discourse directed afterwards: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ye keep your watch in the eternal day,<br> + So that nor night nor sleep can steal from you<br> + One step the ages make upon their path; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore my answer is with greater care,<br> + That he may hear me who is weeping yonder,<br> + So that the sin and dole be of one measure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not only by the work of those great wheels,<br> + That destine every seed unto some end,<br> + According as the stars are in conjunction, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But by the largess of celestial graces,<br> + Which have such lofty vapours for their rain<br> + That near to them our sight approaches not, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such had this man become in his new life<br> + Potentially, that every righteous habit<br> + Would have made admirable proof in him; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But so much more malignant and more savage<br> + Becomes the land untilled and with bad seed,<br> + The more good earthly vigour it possesses. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Some time did I sustain him with my look;<br> + Revealing unto him my youthful eyes,<br> + I led him with me turned in the right way. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as ever of my second age<br> + I was upon the threshold and changed life,<br> + Himself from me he took and gave to others. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When from the flesh to spirit I ascended,<br> + And beauty and virtue were in me increased,<br> + I was to him less dear and less delightful; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And into ways untrue he turned his steps,<br> + Pursuing the false images of good,<br> + That never any promises fulfil; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor prayer for inspiration me availed,<br> + By means of which in dreams and otherwise<br> + I called him back, so little did he heed them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So low he fell, that all appliances<br> + For his salvation were already short,<br> + Save showing him the people of perdition. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For this I visited the gates of death,<br> + And unto him, who so far up has led him,<br> + My intercessions were with weeping borne. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +God’s lofty fiat would be violated,<br> + If Lethe should be passed, and if such viands<br> + Should tasted be, withouten any scot +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of penitence, that gushes forth in tears.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXXI"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXXI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou who art beyond the sacred river,”<br> + Turning to me the point of her discourse,<br> + That edgewise even had seemed to me so keen, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She recommenced, continuing without pause,<br> + “Say, say if this be true; to such a charge,<br> + Thy own confession needs must be conjoined.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My faculties were in so great confusion,<br> + That the voice moved, but sooner was extinct<br> + Than by its organs it was set at large. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Awhile she waited; then she said: “What thinkest?<br> + Answer me; for the mournful memories<br> + In thee not yet are by the waters injured.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Confusion and dismay together mingled<br> + Forced such a Yes! from out my mouth, that sight<br> + Was needful to the understanding of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a cross-bow breaks, when ’tis discharged<br> + Too tensely drawn the bowstring and the bow,<br> + And with less force the arrow hits the mark, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So I gave way beneath that heavy burden,<br> + Outpouring in a torrent tears and sighs,<br> + And the voice flagged upon its passage forth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence she to me: “In those desires of mine<br> + Which led thee to the loving of that good,<br> + Beyond which there is nothing to aspire to, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What trenches lying traverse or what chains<br> + Didst thou discover, that of passing onward<br> + Thou shouldst have thus despoiled thee of the hope? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And what allurements or what vantages<br> + Upon the forehead of the others showed,<br> + That thou shouldst turn thy footsteps unto them?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the heaving of a bitter sigh,<br> + Hardly had I the voice to make response,<br> + And with fatigue my lips did fashion it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Weeping I said: “The things that present were<br> + With their false pleasure turned aside my steps,<br> + Soon as your countenance concealed itself.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she: “Shouldst thou be silent, or deny<br> + What thou confessest, not less manifest<br> + Would be thy fault, by such a Judge ’tis known. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when from one’s own cheeks comes bursting forth<br> + The accusal of the sin, in our tribunal<br> + Against the edge the wheel doth turn itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But still, that thou mayst feel a greater shame<br> + For thy transgression, and another time<br> + Hearing the Sirens thou mayst be more strong, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Cast down the seed of weeping and attend;<br> + So shalt thou hear, how in an opposite way<br> + My buried flesh should have directed thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Never to thee presented art or nature<br> + Pleasure so great as the fair limbs wherein<br> + I was enclosed, which scattered are in earth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if the highest pleasure thus did fail thee<br> + By reason of my death, what mortal thing<br> + Should then have drawn thee into its desire? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou oughtest verily at the first shaft<br> + Of things fallacious to have risen up<br> + To follow me, who was no longer such. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou oughtest not to have stooped thy pinions downward<br> + To wait for further blows, or little girl,<br> + Or other vanity of such brief use. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The callow birdlet waits for two or three,<br> + But to the eyes of those already fledged,<br> + In vain the net is spread or shaft is shot.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as children silent in their shame<br> + Stand listening with their eyes upon the ground,<br> + And conscious of their fault, and penitent; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So was I standing; and she said: “If thou<br> + In hearing sufferest pain, lift up thy beard<br> + And thou shalt feel a greater pain in seeing.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With less resistance is a robust holm<br> + Uprooted, either by a native wind<br> + Or else by that from regions of Iarbas, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than I upraised at her command my chin;<br> + And when she by the beard the face demanded,<br> + Well I perceived the venom of her meaning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as my countenance was lifted up,<br> + Mine eye perceived those creatures beautiful<br> + Had rested from the strewing of the flowers; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, still but little reassured, mine eyes<br> + Saw Beatrice turned round towards the monster,<br> + That is one person only in two natures. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beneath her veil, beyond the margent green,<br> + She seemed to me far more her ancient self<br> + To excel, than others here, when she was here. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So pricked me then the thorn of penitence,<br> + That of all other things the one which turned me<br> + Most to its love became the most my foe. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such self-conviction stung me at the heart<br> + O’erpowered I fell, and what I then became<br> + She knoweth who had furnished me the cause. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then, when the heart restored my outward sense,<br> + The lady I had found alone, above me<br> + I saw, and she was saying, “Hold me, hold me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Up to my throat she in the stream had drawn me,<br> + And, dragging me behind her, she was moving<br> + Upon the water lightly as a shuttle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I was near unto the blessed shore,<br> + “Asperges me,” I heard so sweetly sung,<br> + Remember it I cannot, much less write it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The beautiful lady opened wide her arms,<br> + Embraced my head, and plunged me underneath,<br> + Where I was forced to swallow of the water. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then forth she drew me, and all dripping brought<br> + Into the dance of the four beautiful,<br> + And each one with her arm did cover me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘We here are Nymphs, and in the Heaven are stars;<br> + Ere Beatrice descended to the world,<br> + We as her handmaids were appointed her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We’ll lead thee to her eyes; but for the pleasant<br> + Light that within them is, shall sharpen thine<br> + The three beyond, who more profoundly look.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus singing they began; and afterwards<br> + Unto the Griffin’s breast they led me with them,<br> + Where Beatrice was standing, turned towards us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“See that thou dost not spare thine eyes,” they said;<br> + “Before the emeralds have we stationed thee,<br> + Whence Love aforetime drew for thee his weapons.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A thousand longings, hotter than the flame,<br> + Fastened mine eyes upon those eyes relucent,<br> + That still upon the Griffin steadfast stayed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As in a glass the sun, not otherwise<br> + Within them was the twofold monster shining,<br> + Now with the one, now with the other nature. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Think, Reader, if within myself I marvelled,<br> + When I beheld the thing itself stand still,<br> + And in its image it transformed itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While with amazement filled and jubilant,<br> + My soul was tasting of the food, that while<br> + It satisfies us makes us hunger for it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Themselves revealing of the highest rank<br> + In bearing, did the other three advance,<br> + Singing to their angelic saraband. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Turn, Beatrice, O turn thy holy eyes,”<br> + Such was their song, “unto thy faithful one,<br> + Who has to see thee ta’en so many steps. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In grace do us the grace that thou unveil<br> + Thy face to him, so that he may discern<br> + The second beauty which thou dost conceal.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O splendour of the living light eternal!<br> + Who underneath the shadow of Parnassus<br> + Has grown so pale, or drunk so at its cistern, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He would not seem to have his mind encumbered<br> + Striving to paint thee as thou didst appear,<br> + Where the harmonious heaven o’ershadowed thee, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When in the open air thou didst unveil? +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXXII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXXII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +So steadfast and attentive were mine eyes<br> + In satisfying their decennial thirst,<br> + That all my other senses were extinct, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And upon this side and on that they had<br> + Walls of indifference, so the holy smile<br> + Drew them unto itself with the old net +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When forcibly my sight was turned away<br> + Towards my left hand by those goddesses,<br> + Because I heard from them a “Too intently!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that condition of the sight which is<br> + In eyes but lately smitten by the sun<br> + Bereft me of my vision some short while; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But to the less when sight re-shaped itself,<br> + I say the less in reference to the greater<br> + Splendour from which perforce I had withdrawn, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw upon its right wing wheeled about<br> + The glorious host returning with the sun<br> + And with the sevenfold flames upon their faces. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As underneath its shields, to save itself,<br> + A squadron turns, and with its banner wheels,<br> + Before the whole thereof can change its front, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That soldiery of the celestial kingdom<br> + Which marched in the advance had wholly passed us<br> + Before the chariot had turned its pole. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then to the wheels the maidens turned themselves,<br> + And the Griffin moved his burden benedight,<br> + But so that not a feather of him fluttered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The lady fair who drew me through the ford<br> + Followed with Statius and myself the wheel<br> + Which made its orbit with the lesser arc. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So passing through the lofty forest, vacant<br> + By fault of her who in the serpent trusted,<br> + Angelic music made our steps keep time. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Perchance as great a space had in three flights<br> + An arrow loosened from the string o’erpassed,<br> + As we had moved when Beatrice descended. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I heard them murmur altogether, “Adam!”<br> + Then circled they about a tree despoiled<br> + Of blooms and other leafage on each bough. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Its tresses, which so much the more dilate<br> + As higher they ascend, had been by Indians<br> + Among their forests marvelled at for height. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Blessed art thou, O Griffin, who dost not<br> + Pluck with thy beak these branches sweet to taste,<br> + Since appetite by this was turned to evil.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After this fashion round the tree robust<br> + The others shouted; and the twofold creature:<br> + “Thus is preserved the seed of all the just.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And turning to the pole which he had dragged,<br> + He drew it close beneath the widowed bough,<br> + And what was of it unto it left bound. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the same manner as our trees (when downward<br> + Falls the great light, with that together mingled<br> + Which after the celestial Lasca shines) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Begin to swell, and then renew themselves,<br> + Each one with its own colour, ere the Sun<br> + Harness his steeds beneath another star: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Less than of rose and more than violet<br> + A hue disclosing, was renewed the tree<br> + That had erewhile its boughs so desolate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I never heard, nor here below is sung,<br> + The hymn which afterward that people sang,<br> + Nor did I bear the melody throughout. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Had I the power to paint how fell asleep<br> + Those eyes compassionless, of Syrinx hearing,<br> + Those eyes to which more watching cost so dear, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a painter who from model paints<br> + I would portray how I was lulled asleep;<br> + He may, who well can picture drowsihood. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore I pass to what time I awoke,<br> + And say a splendour rent from me the veil<br> + Of slumber, and a calling: “Rise, what dost thou?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As to behold the apple-tree in blossom<br> + Which makes the Angels greedy for its fruit,<br> + And keeps perpetual bridals in the Heaven, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Peter and John and James conducted were,<br> + And, overcome, recovered at the word<br> + By which still greater slumbers have been broken, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And saw their school diminished by the loss<br> + Not only of Elias, but of Moses,<br> + And the apparel of their Master changed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So I revived, and saw that piteous one<br> + Above me standing, who had been conductress<br> + Aforetime of my steps beside the river, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And all in doubt I said, “Where’s Beatrice?”<br> + And she: “Behold her seated underneath<br> + The leafage new, upon the root of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold the company that circles her;<br> + The rest behind the Griffin are ascending<br> + With more melodious song, and more profound.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if her speech were more diffuse I know not,<br> + Because already in my sight was she<br> + Who from the hearing of aught else had shut me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Alone she sat upon the very earth,<br> + Left there as guardian of the chariot<br> + Which I had seen the biform monster fasten. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Encircling her, a cloister made themselves<br> + The seven Nymphs, with those lights in their hands<br> + Which are secure from Aquilon and Auster. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Short while shalt thou be here a forester,<br> + And thou shalt be with me for evermore<br> + A citizen of that Rome where Christ is Roman. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore, for that world’s good which liveth ill,<br> + Fix on the car thine eyes, and what thou seest,<br> + Having returned to earth, take heed thou write.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus Beatrice; and I, who at the feet<br> + Of her commandments all devoted was,<br> + My mind and eyes directed where she willed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Never descended with so swift a motion<br> + Fire from a heavy cloud, when it is raining<br> + From out the region which is most remote, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As I beheld the bird of Jove descend<br> + Down through the tree, rending away the bark,<br> + As well as blossoms and the foliage new, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he with all his might the chariot smote,<br> + Whereat it reeled, like vessel in a tempest<br> + Tossed by the waves, now starboard and now larboard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter saw I leap into the body<br> + Of the triumphal vehicle a Fox,<br> + That seemed unfed with any wholesome food. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But for his hideous sins upbraiding him,<br> + My Lady put him to as swift a flight<br> + As such a fleshless skeleton could bear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then by the way that it before had come,<br> + Into the chariot’s chest I saw the Eagle<br> + Descend, and leave it feathered with his plumes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And such as issues from a heart that mourns,<br> + A voice from Heaven there issued, and it said:<br> + “My little bark, how badly art thou freighted!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Methought, then, that the earth did yawn between<br> + Both wheels, and I saw rise from it a Dragon,<br> + Who through the chariot upward fixed his tail, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as a wasp that draweth back its sting,<br> + Drawing unto himself his tail malign,<br> + Drew out the floor, and went his way rejoicing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That which remained behind, even as with grass<br> + A fertile region, with the feathers, offered<br> + Perhaps with pure intention and benign, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Reclothed itself, and with them were reclothed<br> + The pole and both the wheels so speedily,<br> + A sigh doth longer keep the lips apart. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Transfigured thus the holy edifice<br> + Thrust forward heads upon the parts of it,<br> + Three on the pole and one at either corner. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The first were horned like oxen; but the four<br> + Had but a single horn upon the forehead;<br> + A monster such had never yet been seen! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Firm as a rock upon a mountain high,<br> + Seated upon it, there appeared to me<br> + A shameless whore, with eyes swift glancing round, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, as if not to have her taken from him,<br> + Upright beside her I beheld a giant;<br> + And ever and anon they kissed each other. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But because she her wanton, roving eye<br> + Turned upon me, her angry paramour<br> + Did scourge her from her head unto her feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then full of jealousy, and fierce with wrath,<br> + He loosed the monster, and across the forest<br> + Dragged it so far, he made of that alone +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A shield unto the whore and the strange beast. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoII.XXXIII"></a>Purgatorio: Canto XXXIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Deus venerunt gentes,” alternating<br> + Now three, now four, melodious psalmody<br> + The maidens in the midst of tears began; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Beatrice, compassionate and sighing,<br> + Listened to them with such a countenance,<br> + That scarce more changed was Mary at the cross. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when the other virgins place had given<br> + For her to speak, uprisen to her feet<br> + With colour as of fire, she made response: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“‘Modicum, et non videbitis me;<br> + Et iterum,’ my sisters predilect,<br> + ‘Modicum, et vos videbitis me.’” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then all the seven in front of her she placed;<br> + And after her, by beckoning only, moved<br> + Me and the lady and the sage who stayed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So she moved onward; and I do not think<br> + That her tenth step was placed upon the ground,<br> + When with her eyes upon mine eyes she smote, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And with a tranquil aspect, “Come more quickly,”<br> + To me she said, “that, if I speak with thee,<br> + To listen to me thou mayst be well placed.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as I was with her as I should be,<br> + She said to me: “Why, brother, dost thou not<br> + Venture to question now, in coming with me?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As unto those who are too reverential,<br> + Speaking in presence of superiors,<br> + Who drag no living utterance to their teeth, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It me befell, that without perfect sound<br> + Began I: “My necessity, Madonna,<br> + You know, and that which thereunto is good.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she to me: “Of fear and bashfulness<br> + Henceforward I will have thee strip thyself,<br> + So that thou speak no more as one who dreams. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Know that the vessel which the serpent broke<br> + Was, and is not; but let him who is guilty<br> + Think that God’s vengeance does not fear a sop. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Without an heir shall not for ever be<br> + The Eagle that left his plumes upon the car,<br> + Whence it became a monster, then a prey; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For verily I see, and hence narrate it,<br> + The stars already near to bring the time,<br> + From every hindrance safe, and every bar, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within which a Five-hundred, Ten, and Five,<br> + One sent from God, shall slay the thievish woman<br> + And that same giant who is sinning with her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And peradventure my dark utterance,<br> + Like Themis and the Sphinx, may less persuade thee,<br> + Since, in their mode, it clouds the intellect; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But soon the facts shall be the Naiades<br> + Who shall this difficult enigma solve,<br> + Without destruction of the flocks and harvests. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Note thou; and even as by me are uttered<br> + These words, so teach them unto those who live<br> + That life which is a running unto death; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And bear in mind, whene’er thou writest them,<br> + Not to conceal what thou hast seen the plant,<br> + That twice already has been pillaged here. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whoever pillages or shatters it,<br> + With blasphemy of deed offendeth God,<br> + Who made it holy for his use alone. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For biting that, in pain and in desire<br> + Five thousand years and more the first-born soul<br> + Craved Him, who punished in himself the bite. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy genius slumbers, if it deem it not<br> + For special reason so pre-eminent<br> + In height, and so inverted in its summit. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if thy vain imaginings had not been<br> + Water of Elsa round about thy mind,<br> + And Pyramus to the mulberry, their pleasure, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou by so many circumstances only<br> + The justice of the interdict of God<br> + Morally in the tree wouldst recognize. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since I see thee in thine intellect<br> + Converted into stone and stained with sin,<br> + So that the light of my discourse doth daze thee, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I will too, if not written, at least painted,<br> + Thou bear it back within thee, for the reason<br> + That cinct with palm the pilgrim’s staff is borne.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “As by a signet is the wax<br> + Which does not change the figure stamped upon it,<br> + My brain is now imprinted by yourself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But wherefore so beyond my power of sight<br> + Soars your desirable discourse, that aye<br> + The more I strive, so much the more I lose it?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“That thou mayst recognize,” she said, “the school<br> + Which thou hast followed, and mayst see how far<br> + Its doctrine follows after my discourse, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And mayst behold your path from the divine<br> + Distant as far as separated is<br> + From earth the heaven that highest hastens on.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence her I answered: “I do not remember<br> + That ever I estranged myself from you,<br> + Nor have I conscience of it that reproves me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“And if thou art not able to remember,”<br> + Smiling she answered, “recollect thee now<br> + That thou this very day hast drunk of Lethe; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if from smoke a fire may be inferred,<br> + Such an oblivion clearly demonstrates<br> + Some error in thy will elsewhere intent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truly from this time forward shall my words<br> + Be naked, so far as it is befitting<br> + To lay them open unto thy rude gaze.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And more coruscant and with slower steps<br> + The sun was holding the meridian circle,<br> + Which, with the point of view, shifts here and there +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When halted (as he cometh to a halt,<br> + Who goes before a squadron as its escort,<br> + If something new he find upon his way) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The ladies seven at a dark shadow’s edge,<br> + Such as, beneath green leaves and branches black,<br> + The Alp upon its frigid border wears. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In front of them the Tigris and Euphrates<br> + Methought I saw forth issue from one fountain,<br> + And slowly part, like friends, from one another. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O light, O glory of the human race!<br> + What stream is this which here unfolds itself<br> + From out one source, and from itself withdraws?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For such a prayer, ’twas said unto me, “Pray<br> + Matilda that she tell thee;” and here answered,<br> + As one does who doth free himself from blame, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The beautiful lady: “This and other things<br> + Were told to him by me; and sure I am<br> + The water of Lethe has not hid them from him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Beatrice: “Perhaps a greater care,<br> + Which oftentimes our memory takes away,<br> + Has made the vision of his mind obscure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But Eunoe behold, that yonder rises;<br> + Lead him to it, and, as thou art accustomed,<br> + Revive again the half-dead virtue in him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Like gentle soul, that maketh no excuse,<br> + But makes its own will of another’s will<br> + As soon as by a sign it is disclosed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even so, when she had taken hold of me,<br> + The beautiful lady moved, and unto Statius<br> + Said, in her womanly manner, “Come with him.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If, Reader, I possessed a longer space<br> + For writing it, I yet would sing in part<br> + Of the sweet draught that ne’er would satiate me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But inasmuch as full are all the leaves<br> + Made ready for this second canticle,<br> + The curb of art no farther lets me go. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From the most holy water I returned<br> + Regenerate, in the manner of new trees<br> + That are renewed with a new foliage, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Pure and disposed to mount unto the stars. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h2><a name="PARADISO"></a>PARADISO</h2> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.I"></a>Paradiso: Canto I</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +The glory of Him who moveth everything<br> + Doth penetrate the universe, and shine<br> + In one part more and in another less. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within that heaven which most his light receives<br> + Was I, and things beheld which to repeat<br> + Nor knows, nor can, who from above descends; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because in drawing near to its desire<br> + Our intellect ingulphs itself so far,<br> + That after it the memory cannot go. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truly whatever of the holy realm<br> + I had the power to treasure in my mind<br> + Shall now become the subject of my song. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O good Apollo, for this last emprise<br> + Make of me such a vessel of thy power<br> + As giving the beloved laurel asks! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One summit of Parnassus hitherto<br> + Has been enough for me, but now with both<br> + I needs must enter the arena left. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Enter into my bosom, thou, and breathe<br> + As at the time when Marsyas thou didst draw<br> + Out of the scabbard of those limbs of his. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O power divine, lend’st thou thyself to me<br> + So that the shadow of the blessed realm<br> + Stamped in my brain I can make manifest, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou’lt see me come unto thy darling tree,<br> + And crown myself thereafter with those leaves<br> + Of which the theme and thou shall make me worthy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So seldom, Father, do we gather them<br> + For triumph or of Caesar or of Poet,<br> + (The fault and shame of human inclinations,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That the Peneian foliage should bring forth<br> + Joy to the joyous Delphic deity,<br> + When any one it makes to thirst for it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A little spark is followed by great flame;<br> + Perchance with better voices after me<br> + Shall prayer be made that Cyrrha may respond! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To mortal men by passages diverse<br> + Uprises the world’s lamp; but by that one<br> + Which circles four uniteth with three crosses, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With better course and with a better star<br> + Conjoined it issues, and the mundane wax<br> + Tempers and stamps more after its own fashion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Almost that passage had made morning there<br> + And evening here, and there was wholly white<br> + That hemisphere, and black the other part, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When Beatrice towards the left-hand side<br> + I saw turned round, and gazing at the sun;<br> + Never did eagle fasten so upon it! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as a second ray is wont<br> + To issue from the first and reascend,<br> + Like to a pilgrim who would fain return, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus of her action, through the eyes infused<br> + In my imagination, mine I made,<br> + And sunward fixed mine eyes beyond our wont. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There much is lawful which is here unlawful<br> + Unto our powers, by virtue of the place<br> + Made for the human species as its own. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not long I bore it, nor so little while<br> + But I beheld it sparkle round about<br> + Like iron that comes molten from the fire; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And suddenly it seemed that day to day<br> + Was added, as if He who has the power<br> + Had with another sun the heaven adorned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With eyes upon the everlasting wheels<br> + Stood Beatrice all intent, and I, on her<br> + Fixing my vision from above removed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such at her aspect inwardly became<br> + As Glaucus, tasting of the herb that made him<br> + Peer of the other gods beneath the sea. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To represent transhumanise in words<br> + Impossible were; the example, then, suffice<br> + Him for whom Grace the experience reserves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If I was merely what of me thou newly<br> + Createdst, Love who governest the heaven,<br> + Thou knowest, who didst lift me with thy light! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When now the wheel, which thou dost make eternal<br> + Desiring thee, made me attentive to it<br> + By harmony thou dost modulate and measure, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then seemed to me so much of heaven enkindled<br> + By the sun’s flame, that neither rain nor river<br> + E’er made a lake so widely spread abroad. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The newness of the sound and the great light<br> + Kindled in me a longing for their cause,<br> + Never before with such acuteness felt; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence she, who saw me as I saw myself,<br> + To quiet in me my perturbed mind,<br> + Opened her mouth, ere I did mine to ask, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she began: “Thou makest thyself so dull<br> + With false imagining, that thou seest not<br> + What thou wouldst see if thou hadst shaken it off. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou art not upon earth, as thou believest;<br> + But lightning, fleeing its appropriate site,<br> + Ne’er ran as thou, who thitherward returnest.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If of my former doubt I was divested<br> + By these brief little words more smiled than spoken,<br> + I in a new one was the more ensnared; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said: “Already did I rest content<br> + From great amazement; but am now amazed<br> + In what way I transcend these bodies light.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereupon she, after a pitying sigh,<br> + Her eyes directed tow’rds me with that look<br> + A mother casts on a delirious child; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she began: “All things whate’er they be<br> + Have order among themselves, and this is form,<br> + That makes the universe resemble God. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here do the higher creatures see the footprints<br> + Of the Eternal Power, which is the end<br> + Whereto is made the law already mentioned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the order that I speak of are inclined<br> + All natures, by their destinies diverse,<br> + More or less near unto their origin; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence they move onward unto ports diverse<br> + O’er the great sea of being; and each one<br> + With instinct given it which bears it on. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This bears away the fire towards the moon;<br> + This is in mortal hearts the motive power<br> + This binds together and unites the earth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor only the created things that are<br> + Without intelligence this bow shoots forth,<br> + But those that have both intellect and love. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Providence that regulates all this<br> + Makes with its light the heaven forever quiet,<br> + Wherein that turns which has the greatest haste. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thither now, as to a site decreed,<br> + Bears us away the virtue of that cord<br> + Which aims its arrows at a joyous mark. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +True is it, that as oftentimes the form<br> + Accords not with the intention of the art,<br> + Because in answering is matter deaf, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So likewise from this course doth deviate<br> + Sometimes the creature, who the power possesses,<br> + Though thus impelled, to swerve some other way, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +(In the same wise as one may see the fire<br> + Fall from a cloud,) if the first impetus<br> + Earthward is wrested by some false delight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou shouldst not wonder more, if well I judge,<br> + At thine ascent, than at a rivulet<br> + From some high mount descending to the lowland. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Marvel it would be in thee, if deprived<br> + Of hindrance, thou wert seated down below,<br> + As if on earth the living fire were quiet.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereat she heavenward turned again her face. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.II"></a>Paradiso: Canto II</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Ye, who in some pretty little boat,<br> + Eager to listen, have been following<br> + Behind my ship, that singing sails along, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Turn back to look again upon your shores;<br> + Do not put out to sea, lest peradventure,<br> + In losing me, you might yourselves be lost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The sea I sail has never yet been passed;<br> + Minerva breathes, and pilots me Apollo,<br> + And Muses nine point out to me the Bears. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ye other few who have the neck uplifted<br> + Betimes to th’ bread of Angels upon which<br> + One liveth here and grows not sated by it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well may you launch upon the deep salt-sea<br> + Your vessel, keeping still my wake before you<br> + Upon the water that grows smooth again. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those glorious ones who unto Colchos passed<br> + Were not so wonder-struck as you shall be,<br> + When Jason they beheld a ploughman made! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The con-created and perpetual thirst<br> + For the realm deiform did bear us on,<br> + As swift almost as ye the heavens behold. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upward gazed Beatrice, and I at her;<br> + And in such space perchance as strikes a bolt<br> + And flies, and from the notch unlocks itself, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Arrived I saw me where a wondrous thing<br> + Drew to itself my sight; and therefore she<br> + From whom no care of mine could be concealed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Towards me turning, blithe as beautiful,<br> + Said unto me: “Fix gratefully thy mind<br> + On God, who unto the first star has brought us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It seemed to me a cloud encompassed us,<br> + Luminous, dense, consolidate and bright<br> + As adamant on which the sun is striking. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Into itself did the eternal pearl<br> + Receive us, even as water doth receive<br> + A ray of light, remaining still unbroken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If I was body, (and we here conceive not<br> + How one dimension tolerates another,<br> + Which needs must be if body enter body,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More the desire should be enkindled in us<br> + That essence to behold, wherein is seen<br> + How God and our own nature were united. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There will be seen what we receive by faith,<br> + Not demonstrated, but self-evident<br> + In guise of the first truth that man believes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I made reply: “Madonna, as devoutly<br> + As most I can do I give thanks to Him<br> + Who has removed me from the mortal world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me what the dusky spots may be<br> + Upon this body, which below on earth<br> + Make people tell that fabulous tale of Cain?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Somewhat she smiled; and then, “If the opinion<br> + Of mortals be erroneous,” she said,<br> + “Where’er the key of sense doth not unlock, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Certes, the shafts of wonder should not pierce thee<br> + Now, forasmuch as, following the senses,<br> + Thou seest that the reason has short wings. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me what thou think’st of it thyself.”<br> + And I: “What seems to us up here diverse,<br> + Is caused, I think, by bodies rare and dense.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she: “Right truly shalt thou see immersed<br> + In error thy belief, if well thou hearest<br> + The argument that I shall make against it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lights many the eighth sphere displays to you<br> + Which in their quality and quantity<br> + May noted be of aspects different. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If this were caused by rare and dense alone,<br> + One only virtue would there be in all<br> + Or more or less diffused, or equally. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Virtues diverse must be perforce the fruits<br> + Of formal principles; and these, save one,<br> + Of course would by thy reasoning be destroyed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Besides, if rarity were of this dimness<br> + The cause thou askest, either through and through<br> + This planet thus attenuate were of matter, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Or else, as in a body is apportioned<br> + The fat and lean, so in like manner this<br> + Would in its volume interchange the leaves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Were it the former, in the sun’s eclipse<br> + It would be manifest by the shining through<br> + Of light, as through aught tenuous interfused. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This is not so; hence we must scan the other,<br> + And if it chance the other I demolish,<br> + Then falsified will thy opinion be. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But if this rarity go not through and through,<br> + There needs must be a limit, beyond which<br> + Its contrary prevents the further passing, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thence the foreign radiance is reflected,<br> + Even as a colour cometh back from glass,<br> + The which behind itself concealeth lead. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now thou wilt say the sunbeam shows itself<br> + More dimly there than in the other parts,<br> + By being there reflected farther back. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From this reply experiment will free thee<br> + If e’er thou try it, which is wont to be<br> + The fountain to the rivers of your arts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Three mirrors shalt thou take, and two remove<br> + Alike from thee, the other more remote<br> + Between the former two shall meet thine eyes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Turned towards these, cause that behind thy back<br> + Be placed a light, illuming the three mirrors<br> + And coming back to thee by all reflected. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Though in its quantity be not so ample<br> + The image most remote, there shalt thou see<br> + How it perforce is equally resplendent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now, as beneath the touches of warm rays<br> + Naked the subject of the snow remains<br> + Both of its former colour and its cold, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thee thus remaining in thy intellect,<br> + Will I inform with such a living light,<br> + That it shall tremble in its aspect to thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within the heaven of the divine repose<br> + Revolves a body, in whose virtue lies<br> + The being of whatever it contains. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The following heaven, that has so many eyes,<br> + Divides this being by essences diverse,<br> + Distinguished from it, and by it contained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other spheres, by various differences,<br> + All the distinctions which they have within them<br> + Dispose unto their ends and their effects. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus do these organs of the world proceed,<br> + As thou perceivest now, from grade to grade;<br> + Since from above they take, and act beneath. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Observe me well, how through this place I come<br> + Unto the truth thou wishest, that hereafter<br> + Thou mayst alone know how to keep the ford +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The power and motion of the holy spheres,<br> + As from the artisan the hammer’s craft,<br> + Forth from the blessed motors must proceed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The heaven, which lights so manifold make fair,<br> + From the Intelligence profound, which turns it,<br> + The image takes, and makes of it a seal. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as the soul within your dust<br> + Through members different and accommodated<br> + To faculties diverse expands itself, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So likewise this Intelligence diffuses<br> + Its virtue multiplied among the stars.<br> + Itself revolving on its unity. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Virtue diverse doth a diverse alloyage<br> + Make with the precious body that it quickens,<br> + In which, as life in you, it is combined. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From the glad nature whence it is derived,<br> + The mingled virtue through the body shines,<br> + Even as gladness through the living pupil. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From this proceeds whate’er from light to light<br> + Appeareth different, not from dense and rare:<br> + This is the formal principle that produces, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +According to its goodness, dark and bright.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.III"></a>Paradiso: Canto III</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +That Sun, which erst with love my bosom warmed,<br> + Of beauteous truth had unto me discovered,<br> + By proving and reproving, the sweet aspect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, that I might confess myself convinced<br> + And confident, so far as was befitting,<br> + I lifted more erect my head to speak. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But there appeared a vision, which withdrew me<br> + So close to it, in order to be seen,<br> + That my confession I remembered not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such as through polished and transparent glass,<br> + Or waters crystalline and undisturbed,<br> + But not so deep as that their bed be lost, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Come back again the outlines of our faces<br> + So feeble, that a pearl on forehead white<br> + Comes not less speedily unto our eyes; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such saw I many faces prompt to speak,<br> + So that I ran in error opposite<br> + To that which kindled love ’twixt man and fountain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as I became aware of them,<br> + Esteeming them as mirrored semblances,<br> + To see of whom they were, mine eyes I turned, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And nothing saw, and once more turned them forward<br> + Direct into the light of my sweet Guide,<br> + Who smiling kindled in her holy eyes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Marvel thou not,” she said to me, “because<br> + I smile at this thy puerile conceit,<br> + Since on the truth it trusts not yet its foot, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But turns thee, as ’tis wont, on emptiness.<br> + True substances are these which thou beholdest,<br> + Here relegate for breaking of some vow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore speak with them, listen and believe;<br> + For the true light, which giveth peace to them,<br> + Permits them not to turn from it their feet.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I unto the shade that seemed most wishful<br> + To speak directed me, and I began,<br> + As one whom too great eagerness bewilders: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O well-created spirit, who in the rays<br> + Of life eternal dost the sweetness taste<br> + Which being untasted ne’er is comprehended, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Grateful ’twill be to me, if thou content me<br> + Both with thy name and with your destiny.”<br> + Whereat she promptly and with laughing eyes: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Our charity doth never shut the doors<br> + Against a just desire, except as one<br> + Who wills that all her court be like herself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was a virgin sister in the world;<br> + And if thy mind doth contemplate me well,<br> + The being more fair will not conceal me from thee, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But thou shalt recognise I am Piccarda,<br> + Who, stationed here among these other blessed,<br> + Myself am blessed in the slowest sphere. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All our affections, that alone inflamed<br> + Are in the pleasure of the Holy Ghost,<br> + Rejoice at being of his order formed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this allotment, which appears so low,<br> + Therefore is given us, because our vows<br> + Have been neglected and in some part void.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I to her: “In your miraculous aspects<br> + There shines I know not what of the divine,<br> + Which doth transform you from our first conceptions. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore I was not swift in my remembrance;<br> + But what thou tellest me now aids me so,<br> + That the refiguring is easier to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me, ye who in this place are happy,<br> + Are you desirous of a higher place,<br> + To see more or to make yourselves more friends?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +First with those other shades she smiled a little;<br> + Thereafter answered me so full of gladness,<br> + She seemed to burn in the first fire of love: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Brother, our will is quieted by virtue<br> + Of charity, that makes us wish alone<br> + For what we have, nor gives us thirst for more. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If to be more exalted we aspired,<br> + Discordant would our aspirations be<br> + Unto the will of Him who here secludes us; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which thou shalt see finds no place in these circles,<br> + If being in charity is needful here,<br> + And if thou lookest well into its nature; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nay, ’tis essential to this blest existence<br> + To keep itself within the will divine,<br> + Whereby our very wishes are made one; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that, as we are station above station<br> + Throughout this realm, to all the realm ’tis pleasing,<br> + As to the King, who makes his will our will. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And his will is our peace; this is the sea<br> + To which is moving onward whatsoever<br> + It doth create, and all that nature makes.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then it was clear to me how everywhere<br> + In heaven is Paradise, although the grace<br> + Of good supreme there rain not in one measure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But as it comes to pass, if one food sates,<br> + And for another still remains the longing,<br> + We ask for this, and that decline with thanks, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +E’en thus did I; with gesture and with word,<br> + To learn from her what was the web wherein<br> + She did not ply the shuttle to the end. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“A perfect life and merit high in-heaven<br> + A lady o’er us,” said she, “by whose rule<br> + Down in your world they vest and veil themselves, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That until death they may both watch and sleep<br> + Beside that Spouse who every vow accepts<br> + Which charity conformeth to his pleasure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To follow her, in girlhood from the world<br> + I fled, and in her habit shut myself,<br> + And pledged me to the pathway of her sect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then men accustomed unto evil more<br> + Than unto good, from the sweet cloister tore me;<br> + God knows what afterward my life became. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This other splendour, which to thee reveals<br> + Itself on my right side, and is enkindled<br> + With all the illumination of our sphere, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What of myself I say applies to her;<br> + A nun was she, and likewise from her head<br> + Was ta’en the shadow of the sacred wimple. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when she too was to the world returned<br> + Against her wishes and against good usage,<br> + Of the heart’s veil she never was divested. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of great Costanza this is the effulgence,<br> + Who from the second wind of Suabia<br> + Brought forth the third and latest puissance.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus unto me she spake, and then began<br> + “Ave Maria” singing, and in singing<br> + Vanished, as through deep water something heavy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My sight, that followed her as long a time<br> + As it was possible, when it had lost her<br> + Turned round unto the mark of more desire, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And wholly unto Beatrice reverted;<br> + But she such lightnings flashed into mine eyes,<br> + That at the first my sight endured it not; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this in questioning more backward made me. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.IV"></a>Paradiso: Canto IV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Between two viands, equally removed<br> + And tempting, a free man would die of hunger<br> + Ere either he could bring unto his teeth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So would a lamb between the ravenings<br> + Of two fierce wolves stand fearing both alike;<br> + And so would stand a dog between two does. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence, if I held my peace, myself I blame not,<br> + Impelled in equal measure by my doubts,<br> + Since it must be so, nor do I commend. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I held my peace; but my desire was painted<br> + Upon my face, and questioning with that<br> + More fervent far than by articulate speech. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beatrice did as Daniel had done<br> + Relieving Nebuchadnezzar from the wrath<br> + Which rendered him unjustly merciless, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said: “Well see I how attracteth thee<br> + One and the other wish, so that thy care<br> + Binds itself so that forth it does not breathe. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou arguest, if good will be permanent,<br> + The violence of others, for what reason<br> + Doth it decrease the measure of my merit? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Again for doubting furnish thee occasion<br> + Souls seeming to return unto the stars,<br> + According to the sentiment of Plato. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These are the questions which upon thy wish<br> + Are thrusting equally; and therefore first<br> + Will I treat that which hath the most of gall. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He of the Seraphim most absorbed in God,<br> + Moses, and Samuel, and whichever John<br> + Thou mayst select, I say, and even Mary, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Have not in any other heaven their seats,<br> + Than have those spirits that just appeared to thee,<br> + Nor of existence more or fewer years; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But all make beautiful the primal circle,<br> + And have sweet life in different degrees,<br> + By feeling more or less the eternal breath. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They showed themselves here, not because allotted<br> + This sphere has been to them, but to give sign<br> + Of the celestial which is least exalted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To speak thus is adapted to your mind,<br> + Since only through the sense it apprehendeth<br> + What then it worthy makes of intellect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On this account the Scripture condescends<br> + Unto your faculties, and feet and hands<br> + To God attributes, and means something else; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Holy Church under an aspect human<br> + Gabriel and Michael represent to you,<br> + And him who made Tobias whole again. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That which Timaeus argues of the soul<br> + Doth not resemble that which here is seen,<br> + Because it seems that as he speaks he thinks. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He says the soul unto its star returns,<br> + Believing it to have been severed thence<br> + Whenever nature gave it as a form. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Perhaps his doctrine is of other guise<br> + Than the words sound, and possibly may be<br> + With meaning that is not to be derided. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If he doth mean that to these wheels return<br> + The honour of their influence and the blame,<br> + Perhaps his bow doth hit upon some truth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This principle ill understood once warped<br> + The whole world nearly, till it went astray<br> + Invoking Jove and Mercury and Mars. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other doubt which doth disquiet thee<br> + Less venom has, for its malevolence<br> + Could never lead thee otherwhere from me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That as unjust our justice should appear<br> + In eyes of mortals, is an argument<br> + Of faith, and not of sin heretical. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But still, that your perception may be able<br> + To thoroughly penetrate this verity,<br> + As thou desirest, I will satisfy thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If it be violence when he who suffers<br> + Co-operates not with him who uses force,<br> + These souls were not on that account excused; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For will is never quenched unless it will,<br> + But operates as nature doth in fire<br> + If violence a thousand times distort it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence, if it yieldeth more or less, it seconds<br> + The force; and these have done so, having power<br> + Of turning back unto the holy place. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If their will had been perfect, like to that<br> + Which Lawrence fast upon his gridiron held,<br> + And Mutius made severe to his own hand, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It would have urged them back along the road<br> + Whence they were dragged, as soon as they were free;<br> + But such a solid will is all too rare. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And by these words, if thou hast gathered them<br> + As thou shouldst do, the argument is refuted<br> + That would have still annoyed thee many times. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But now another passage runs across<br> + Before thine eyes, and such that by thyself<br> + Thou couldst not thread it ere thou wouldst be weary. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I have for certain put into thy mind<br> + That soul beatified could never lie,<br> + For it is near the primal Truth, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then thou from Piccarda might’st have heard<br> + Costanza kept affection for the veil,<br> + So that she seemeth here to contradict me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Many times, brother, has it come to pass,<br> + That, to escape from peril, with reluctance<br> + That has been done it was not right to do, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +E’en as Alcmaeon (who, being by his father<br> + Thereto entreated, his own mother slew)<br> + Not to lose pity pitiless became. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At this point I desire thee to remember<br> + That force with will commingles, and they cause<br> + That the offences cannot be excused. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Will absolute consenteth not to evil;<br> + But in so far consenteth as it fears,<br> + If it refrain, to fall into more harm. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence when Piccarda uses this expression,<br> + She meaneth the will absolute, and I<br> + The other, so that both of us speak truth.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such was the flowing of the holy river<br> + That issued from the fount whence springs all truth;<br> + This put to rest my wishes one and all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O love of the first lover, O divine,”<br> + Said I forthwith, “whose speech inundates me<br> + And warms me so, it more and more revives me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My own affection is not so profound<br> + As to suffice in rendering grace for grace;<br> + Let Him, who sees and can, thereto respond. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well I perceive that never sated is<br> + Our intellect unless the Truth illume it,<br> + Beyond which nothing true expands itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It rests therein, as wild beast in his lair,<br> + When it attains it; and it can attain it;<br> + If not, then each desire would frustrate be. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore springs up, in fashion of a shoot,<br> + Doubt at the foot of truth; and this is nature,<br> + Which to the top from height to height impels us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This doth invite me, this assurance give me<br> + With reverence, Lady, to inquire of you<br> + Another truth, which is obscure to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I wish to know if man can satisfy you<br> + For broken vows with other good deeds, so<br> + That in your balance they will not be light.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beatrice gazed upon me with her eyes<br> + Full of the sparks of love, and so divine,<br> + That, overcome my power, I turned my back +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And almost lost myself with eyes downcast. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.V"></a>Paradiso: Canto V</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If in the heat of love I flame upon thee<br> + Beyond the measure that on earth is seen,<br> + So that the valour of thine eyes I vanquish, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Marvel thou not thereat; for this proceeds<br> + From perfect sight, which as it apprehends<br> + To the good apprehended moves its feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well I perceive how is already shining<br> + Into thine intellect the eternal light,<br> + That only seen enkindles always love; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if some other thing your love seduce,<br> + ’Tis nothing but a vestige of the same,<br> + Ill understood, which there is shining through. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou fain wouldst know if with another service<br> + For broken vow can such return be made<br> + As to secure the soul from further claim.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This Canto thus did Beatrice begin;<br> + And, as a man who breaks not off his speech,<br> + Continued thus her holy argument: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The greatest gift that in his largess God<br> + Creating made, and unto his own goodness<br> + Nearest conformed, and that which he doth prize +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Most highly, is the freedom of the will,<br> + Wherewith the creatures of intelligence<br> + Both all and only were and are endowed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now wilt thou see, if thence thou reasonest,<br> + The high worth of a vow, if it he made<br> + So that when thou consentest God consents: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For, closing between God and man the compact,<br> + A sacrifice is of this treasure made,<br> + Such as I say, and made by its own act. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What can be rendered then as compensation?<br> + Think’st thou to make good use of what thou’st offered,<br> + With gains ill gotten thou wouldst do good deed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now art thou certain of the greater point;<br> + But because Holy Church in this dispenses,<br> + Which seems against the truth which I have shown thee, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behoves thee still to sit awhile at table,<br> + Because the solid food which thou hast taken<br> + Requireth further aid for thy digestion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Open thy mind to that which I reveal,<br> + And fix it there within; for ’tis not knowledge,<br> + The having heard without retaining it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the essence of this sacrifice two things<br> + Convene together; and the one is that<br> + Of which ’tis made, the other is the agreement. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This last for evermore is cancelled not<br> + Unless complied with, and concerning this<br> + With such precision has above been spoken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore it was enjoined upon the Hebrews<br> + To offer still, though sometimes what was offered<br> + Might be commuted, as thou ought’st to know. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other, which is known to thee as matter,<br> + May well indeed be such that one errs not<br> + If it for other matter be exchanged. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But let none shift the burden on his shoulder<br> + At his arbitrament, without the turning<br> + Both of the white and of the yellow key; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And every permutation deem as foolish,<br> + If in the substitute the thing relinquished,<br> + As the four is in six, be not contained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore whatever thing has so great weight<br> + In value that it drags down every balance,<br> + Cannot be satisfied with other spending. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let mortals never take a vow in jest;<br> + Be faithful and not blind in doing that,<br> + As Jephthah was in his first offering, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whom more beseemed to say, ‘I have done wrong,<br> + Than to do worse by keeping; and as foolish<br> + Thou the great leader of the Greeks wilt find, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence wept Iphigenia her fair face,<br> + And made for her both wise and simple weep,<br> + Who heard such kind of worship spoken of.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Christians, be ye more serious in your movements;<br> + Be ye not like a feather at each wind,<br> + And think not every water washes you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ye have the Old and the New Testament,<br> + And the Pastor of the Church who guideth you<br> + Let this suffice you unto your salvation. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If evil appetite cry aught else to you,<br> + Be ye as men, and not as silly sheep,<br> + So that the Jew among you may not mock you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Be ye not as the lamb that doth abandon<br> + Its mother’s milk, and frolicsome and simple<br> + Combats at its own pleasure with itself.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus Beatrice to me even as I write it;<br> + Then all desireful turned herself again<br> + To that part where the world is most alive. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Her silence and her change of countenance<br> + Silence imposed upon my eager mind,<br> + That had already in advance new questions; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as an arrow that upon the mark<br> + Strikes ere the bowstring quiet hath become,<br> + So did we speed into the second realm. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Lady there so joyful I beheld,<br> + As into the brightness of that heaven she entered,<br> + More luminous thereat the planet grew; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if the star itself was changed and smiled,<br> + What became I, who by my nature am<br> + Exceeding mutable in every guise! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As, in a fish-pond which is pure and tranquil,<br> + The fishes draw to that which from without<br> + Comes in such fashion that their food they deem it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So I beheld more than a thousand splendours<br> + Drawing towards us, and in each was heard:<br> + “Lo, this is she who shall increase our love.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as each one was coming unto us,<br> + Full of beatitude the shade was seen,<br> + By the effulgence clear that issued from it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Think, Reader, if what here is just beginning<br> + No farther should proceed, how thou wouldst have<br> + An agonizing need of knowing more; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of thyself thou’lt see how I from these<br> + Was in desire of hearing their conditions,<br> + As they unto mine eyes were manifest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O thou well-born, unto whom Grace concedes<br> + To see the thrones of the eternal triumph,<br> + Or ever yet the warfare be abandoned +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With light that through the whole of heaven is spread<br> + Kindled are we, and hence if thou desirest<br> + To know of us, at thine own pleasure sate thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus by some one among those holy spirits<br> + Was spoken, and by Beatrice: “Speak, speak<br> + Securely, and believe them even as Gods.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Well I perceive how thou dost nest thyself<br> + In thine own light, and drawest it from thine eyes,<br> + Because they coruscate when thou dost smile, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But know not who thou art, nor why thou hast,<br> + Spirit august, thy station in the sphere<br> + That veils itself to men in alien rays.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This said I in direction of the light<br> + Which first had spoken to me; whence it became<br> + By far more lucent than it was before. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the sun, that doth conceal himself<br> + By too much light, when heat has worn away<br> + The tempering influence of the vapours dense, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By greater rapture thus concealed itself<br> + In its own radiance the figure saintly,<br> + And thus close, close enfolded answered me +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In fashion as the following Canto sings. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.VI"></a>Paradiso: Canto VI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“After that Constantine the eagle turned<br> + Against the course of heaven, which it had followed<br> + Behind the ancient who Lavinia took, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Two hundred years and more the bird of God<br> + In the extreme of Europe held itself,<br> + Near to the mountains whence it issued first; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And under shadow of the sacred plumes<br> + It governed there the world from hand to hand,<br> + And, changing thus, upon mine own alighted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Caesar I was, and am Justinian,<br> + Who, by the will of primal Love I feel,<br> + Took from the laws the useless and redundant; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And ere unto the work I was attent,<br> + One nature to exist in Christ, not more,<br> + Believed, and with such faith was I contented. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But blessed Agapetus, he who was<br> + The supreme pastor, to the faith sincere<br> + Pointed me out the way by words of his. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Him I believed, and what was his assertion<br> + I now see clearly, even as thou seest<br> + Each contradiction to be false and true. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as with the Church I moved my feet,<br> + God in his grace it pleased with this high task<br> + To inspire me, and I gave me wholly to it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to my Belisarius I commended<br> + The arms, to which was heaven’s right hand so joined<br> + It was a signal that I should repose. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now here to the first question terminates<br> + My answer; but the character thereof<br> + Constrains me to continue with a sequel, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In order that thou see with how great reason<br> + Men move against the standard sacrosanct,<br> + Both who appropriate and who oppose it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold how great a power has made it worthy<br> + Of reverence, beginning from the hour<br> + When Pallas died to give it sovereignty. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou knowest it made in Alba its abode<br> + Three hundred years and upward, till at last<br> + The three to three fought for it yet again. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou knowest what it achieved from Sabine wrong<br> + Down to Lucretia’s sorrow, in seven kings<br> + O’ercoming round about the neighboring nations; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou knowest what it achieved, borne by the Romans<br> + Illustrious against Brennus, against Pyrrhus,<br> + Against the other princes and confederates. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Torquatus thence and Quinctius, who from locks<br> + Unkempt was named, Decii and Fabii,<br> + Received the fame I willingly embalm; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It struck to earth the pride of the Arabians,<br> + Who, following Hannibal, had passed across<br> + The Alpine ridges, Po, from which thou glidest; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beneath it triumphed while they yet were young<br> + Pompey and Scipio, and to the hill<br> + Beneath which thou wast born it bitter seemed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then, near unto the time when heaven had willed<br> + To bring the whole world to its mood serene,<br> + Did Caesar by the will of Rome assume it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What it achieved from Var unto the Rhine,<br> + Isere beheld and Saone, beheld the Seine,<br> + And every valley whence the Rhone is filled; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What it achieved when it had left Ravenna,<br> + And leaped the Rubicon, was such a flight<br> + That neither tongue nor pen could follow it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Round towards Spain it wheeled its legions; then<br> + Towards Durazzo, and Pharsalia smote<br> + That to the calid Nile was felt the pain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Antandros and the Simois, whence it started,<br> + It saw again, and there where Hector lies,<br> + And ill for Ptolemy then roused itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From thence it came like lightning upon Juba;<br> + Then wheeled itself again into your West,<br> + Where the Pompeian clarion it heard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From what it wrought with the next standard-bearer<br> + Brutus and Cassius howl in Hell together,<br> + And Modena and Perugia dolent were; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still doth the mournful Cleopatra weep<br> + Because thereof, who, fleeing from before it,<br> + Took from the adder sudden and black death. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With him it ran even to the Red Sea shore;<br> + With him it placed the world in so great peace,<br> + That unto Janus was his temple closed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But what the standard that has made me speak<br> + Achieved before, and after should achieve<br> + Throughout the mortal realm that lies beneath it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Becometh in appearance mean and dim,<br> + If in the hand of the third Caesar seen<br> + With eye unclouded and affection pure, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because the living Justice that inspires me<br> + Granted it, in the hand of him I speak of,<br> + The glory of doing vengeance for its wrath. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now here attend to what I answer thee;<br> + Later it ran with Titus to do vengeance<br> + Upon the vengeance of the ancient sin. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when the tooth of Lombardy had bitten<br> + The Holy Church, then underneath its wings<br> + Did Charlemagne victorious succor her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now hast thou power to judge of such as those<br> + Whom I accused above, and of their crimes,<br> + Which are the cause of all your miseries. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To the public standard one the yellow lilies<br> + Opposes, the other claims it for a party,<br> + So that ’tis hard to see which sins the most. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let, let the Ghibellines ply their handicraft<br> + Beneath some other standard; for this ever<br> + Ill follows he who it and justice parts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And let not this new Charles e’er strike it down,<br> + He and his Guelfs, but let him fear the talons<br> + That from a nobler lion stripped the fell. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already oftentimes the sons have wept<br> + The father’s crime; and let him not believe<br> + That God will change His scutcheon for the lilies. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This little planet doth adorn itself<br> + With the good spirits that have active been,<br> + That fame and honour might come after them; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And whensoever the desires mount thither,<br> + Thus deviating, must perforce the rays<br> + Of the true love less vividly mount upward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But in commensuration of our wages<br> + With our desert is portion of our joy,<br> + Because we see them neither less nor greater. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Herein doth living Justice sweeten so<br> + Affection in us, that for evermore<br> + It cannot warp to any iniquity. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Voices diverse make up sweet melodies;<br> + So in this life of ours the seats diverse<br> + Render sweet harmony among these spheres; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in the compass of this present pearl<br> + Shineth the sheen of Romeo, of whom<br> + The grand and beauteous work was ill rewarded. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But the Provencals who against him wrought,<br> + They have not laughed, and therefore ill goes he<br> + Who makes his hurt of the good deeds of others. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Four daughters, and each one of them a queen,<br> + Had Raymond Berenger, and this for him<br> + Did Romeo, a poor man and a pilgrim; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then malicious words incited him<br> + To summon to a reckoning this just man,<br> + Who rendered to him seven and five for ten. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then he departed poor and stricken in years,<br> + And if the world could know the heart he had,<br> + In begging bit by bit his livelihood, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Though much it laud him, it would laud him more.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.VII"></a>Paradiso: Canto VII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Osanna sanctus Deus Sabaoth,<br> + Superillustrans claritate tua<br> + Felices ignes horum malahoth!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In this wise, to his melody returning,<br> + This substance, upon which a double light<br> + Doubles itself, was seen by me to sing, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to their dance this and the others moved,<br> + And in the manner of swift-hurrying sparks<br> + Veiled themselves from me with a sudden distance. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Doubting was I, and saying, “Tell her, tell her,”<br> + Within me, “tell her,” saying, “tell my Lady,”<br> + Who slakes my thirst with her sweet effluences; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And yet that reverence which doth lord it over<br> + The whole of me only by B and ICE,<br> + Bowed me again like unto one who drowses. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Short while did Beatrice endure me thus;<br> + And she began, lighting me with a smile<br> + Such as would make one happy in the fire: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“According to infallible advisement,<br> + After what manner a just vengeance justly<br> + Could be avenged has put thee upon thinking, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But I will speedily thy mind unloose;<br> + And do thou listen, for these words of mine<br> + Of a great doctrine will a present make thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By not enduring on the power that wills<br> + Curb for his good, that man who ne’er was born,<br> + Damning himself damned all his progeny; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereby the human species down below<br> + Lay sick for many centuries in great error,<br> + Till to descend it pleased the Word of God +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To where the nature, which from its own Maker<br> + Estranged itself, he joined to him in person<br> + By the sole act of his eternal love. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now unto what is said direct thy sight;<br> + This nature when united to its Maker,<br> + Such as created, was sincere and good; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But by itself alone was banished forth<br> + From Paradise, because it turned aside<br> + Out of the way of truth and of its life. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore the penalty the cross held out,<br> + If measured by the nature thus assumed,<br> + None ever yet with so great justice stung, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And none was ever of so great injustice,<br> + Considering who the Person was that suffered,<br> + Within whom such a nature was contracted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From one act therefore issued things diverse;<br> + To God and to the Jews one death was pleasing;<br> + Earth trembled at it and the Heaven was opened. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It should no longer now seem difficult<br> + To thee, when it is said that a just vengeance<br> + By a just court was afterward avenged. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But now do I behold thy mind entangled<br> + From thought to thought within a knot, from which<br> + With great desire it waits to free itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou sayest, ‘Well discern I what I hear;<br> + But it is hidden from me why God willed<br> + For our redemption only this one mode.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Buried remaineth, brother, this decree<br> + Unto the eyes of every one whose nature<br> + Is in the flame of love not yet adult. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Verily, inasmuch as at this mark<br> + One gazes long and little is discerned,<br> + Wherefore this mode was worthiest will I say. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Goodness Divine, which from itself doth spurn<br> + All envy, burning in itself so sparkles<br> + That the eternal beauties it unfolds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whate’er from this immediately distils<br> + Has afterwards no end, for ne’er removed<br> + Is its impression when it sets its seal. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whate’er from this immediately rains down<br> + Is wholly free, because it is not subject<br> + Unto the influences of novel things. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The more conformed thereto, the more it pleases;<br> + For the blest ardour that irradiates all things<br> + In that most like itself is most vivacious. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With all of these things has advantaged been<br> + The human creature; and if one be wanting,<br> + From his nobility he needs must fall. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Tis sin alone which doth disfranchise him,<br> + And render him unlike the Good Supreme,<br> + So that he little with its light is blanched, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to his dignity no more returns,<br> + Unless he fill up where transgression empties<br> + With righteous pains for criminal delights. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Your nature when it sinned so utterly<br> + In its own seed, out of these dignities<br> + Even as out of Paradise was driven, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor could itself recover, if thou notest<br> + With nicest subtilty, by any way,<br> + Except by passing one of these two fords: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Either that God through clemency alone<br> + Had pardon granted, or that man himself<br> + Had satisfaction for his folly made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Fix now thine eye deep into the abyss<br> + Of the eternal counsel, to my speech<br> + As far as may be fastened steadfastly! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Man in his limitations had not power<br> + To satisfy, not having power to sink<br> + In his humility obeying then, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Far as he disobeying thought to rise;<br> + And for this reason man has been from power<br> + Of satisfying by himself excluded. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore it God behoved in his own ways<br> + Man to restore unto his perfect life,<br> + I say in one, or else in both of them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since the action of the doer is<br> + So much more grateful, as it more presents<br> + The goodness of the heart from which it issues, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Goodness Divine, that doth imprint the world,<br> + Has been contented to proceed by each<br> + And all its ways to lift you up again; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor ’twixt the first day and the final night<br> + Such high and such magnificent proceeding<br> + By one or by the other was or shall be; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For God more bounteous was himself to give<br> + To make man able to uplift himself,<br> + Than if he only of himself had pardoned; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And all the other modes were insufficient<br> + For justice, were it not the Son of God<br> + Himself had humbled to become incarnate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now, to fill fully each desire of thine,<br> + Return I to elucidate one place,<br> + In order that thou there mayst see as I do. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou sayst: ‘I see the air, I see the fire,<br> + The water, and the earth, and all their mixtures<br> + Come to corruption, and short while endure; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And these things notwithstanding were created;’<br> + Therefore if that which I have said were true,<br> + They should have been secure against corruption. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Angels, brother, and the land sincere<br> + In which thou art, created may be called<br> + Just as they are in their entire existence; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But all the elements which thou hast named,<br> + And all those things which out of them are made,<br> + By a created virtue are informed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Created was the matter which they have;<br> + Created was the informing influence<br> + Within these stars that round about them go. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The soul of every brute and of the plants<br> + By its potential temperament attracts<br> + The ray and motion of the holy lights; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But your own life immediately inspires<br> + Supreme Beneficence, and enamours it<br> + So with herself, it evermore desires her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thou from this mayst argue furthermore<br> + Your resurrection, if thou think again<br> + How human flesh was fashioned at that time +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When the first parents both of them were made.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.VIII"></a>Paradiso: Canto VIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +The world used in its peril to believe<br> + That the fair Cypria delirious love<br> + Rayed out, in the third epicycle turning; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore not only unto her paid honour<br> + Of sacrifices and of votive cry<br> + The ancient nations in the ancient error, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But both Dione honoured they and Cupid,<br> + That as her mother, this one as her son,<br> + And said that he had sat in Dido’s lap; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And they from her, whence I beginning take,<br> + Took the denomination of the star<br> + That woos the sun, now following, now in front. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was not ware of our ascending to it;<br> + But of our being in it gave full faith<br> + My Lady whom I saw more beauteous grow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as within a flame a spark is seen,<br> + And as within a voice a voice discerned,<br> + When one is steadfast, and one comes and goes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within that light beheld I other lamps<br> + Move in a circle, speeding more and less,<br> + Methinks in measure of their inward vision. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From a cold cloud descended never winds,<br> + Or visible or not, so rapidly<br> + They would not laggard and impeded seem +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To any one who had those lights divine<br> + Seen come towards us, leaving the gyration<br> + Begun at first in the high Seraphim. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And behind those that most in front appeared<br> + Sounded “Osanna!” so that never since<br> + To hear again was I without desire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then unto us more nearly one approached,<br> + And it alone began: “We all are ready<br> + Unto thy pleasure, that thou joy in us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We turn around with the celestial Princes,<br> + One gyre and one gyration and one thirst,<br> + To whom thou in the world of old didst say, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Ye who, intelligent, the third heaven are moving;’<br> + And are so full of love, to pleasure thee<br> + A little quiet will not be less sweet.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After these eyes of mine themselves had offered<br> + Unto my Lady reverently, and she<br> + Content and certain of herself had made them, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Back to the light they turned, which so great promise<br> + Made of itself, and “Say, who art thou?” was<br> + My voice, imprinted with a great affection. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O how and how much I beheld it grow<br> + With the new joy that superadded was<br> + Unto its joys, as soon as I had spoken! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus changed, it said to me: “The world possessed me<br> + Short time below; and, if it had been more,<br> + Much evil will be which would not have been. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My gladness keepeth me concealed from thee,<br> + Which rayeth round about me, and doth hide me<br> + Like as a creature swathed in its own silk. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Much didst thou love me, and thou hadst good reason;<br> + For had I been below, I should have shown thee<br> + Somewhat beyond the foliage of my love. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That left-hand margin, which doth bathe itself<br> + In Rhone, when it is mingled with the Sorgue,<br> + Me for its lord awaited in due time, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that horn of Ausonia, which is towned<br> + With Bari, with Gaeta and Catona,<br> + Whence Tronto and Verde in the sea disgorge. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already flashed upon my brow the crown<br> + Of that dominion which the Danube waters<br> + After the German borders it abandons; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And beautiful Trinacria, that is murky<br> + ’Twixt Pachino and Peloro, (on the gulf<br> + Which greatest scath from Eurus doth receive,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not through Typhoeus, but through nascent sulphur,<br> + Would have awaited her own monarchs still,<br> + Through me from Charles descended and from Rudolph, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If evil lordship, that exasperates ever<br> + The subject populations, had not moved<br> + Palermo to the outcry of ‘Death! death!’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if my brother could but this foresee,<br> + The greedy poverty of Catalonia<br> + Straight would he flee, that it might not molest him; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For verily ’tis needful to provide,<br> + Through him or other, so that on his bark<br> + Already freighted no more freight be placed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His nature, which from liberal covetous<br> + Descended, such a soldiery would need<br> + As should not care for hoarding in a chest.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Because I do believe the lofty joy<br> + Thy speech infuses into me, my Lord,<br> + Where every good thing doth begin and end +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou seest as I see it, the more grateful<br> + Is it to me; and this too hold I dear,<br> + That gazing upon God thou dost discern it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Glad hast thou made me; so make clear to me,<br> + Since speaking thou hast stirred me up to doubt,<br> + How from sweet seed can bitter issue forth.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This I to him; and he to me: “If I<br> + Can show to thee a truth, to what thou askest<br> + Thy face thou’lt hold as thou dost hold thy back. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Good which all the realm thou art ascending<br> + Turns and contents, maketh its providence<br> + To be a power within these bodies vast; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And not alone the natures are foreseen<br> + Within the mind that in itself is perfect,<br> + But they together with their preservation. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For whatsoever thing this bow shoots forth<br> + Falls foreordained unto an end foreseen,<br> + Even as a shaft directed to its mark. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If that were not, the heaven which thou dost walk<br> + Would in such manner its effects produce,<br> + That they no longer would be arts, but ruins. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This cannot be, if the Intelligences<br> + That keep these stars in motion are not maimed,<br> + And maimed the First that has not made them perfect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wilt thou this truth have clearer made to thee?”<br> + And I: “Not so; for ’tis impossible<br> + That nature tire, I see, in what is needful.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he again: “Now say, would it be worse<br> + For men on earth were they not citizens?”<br> + “Yes,” I replied; “and here I ask no reason.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“And can they be so, if below they live not<br> + Diversely unto offices diverse?<br> + No, if your master writeth well for you.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So came he with deductions to this point;<br> + Then he concluded: “Therefore it behoves<br> + The roots of your effects to be diverse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence one is Solon born, another Xerxes,<br> + Another Melchisedec, and another he<br> + Who, flying through the air, his son did lose. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Revolving Nature, which a signet is<br> + To mortal wax, doth practise well her art,<br> + But not one inn distinguish from another; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thence happens it that Esau differeth<br> + In seed from Jacob; and Quirinus comes<br> + From sire so vile that he is given to Mars. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A generated nature its own way<br> + Would always make like its progenitors,<br> + If Providence divine were not triumphant. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now that which was behind thee is before thee;<br> + But that thou know that I with thee am pleased,<br> + With a corollary will I mantle thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Evermore nature, if it fortune find<br> + Discordant to it, like each other seed<br> + Out of its region, maketh evil thrift; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if the world below would fix its mind<br> + On the foundation which is laid by nature,<br> + Pursuing that, ’twould have the people good. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But you unto religion wrench aside<br> + Him who was born to gird him with the sword,<br> + And make a king of him who is for sermons; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore your footsteps wander from the road.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.IX"></a>Paradiso: Canto IX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beautiful Clemence, after that thy Charles<br> + Had me enlightened, he narrated to me<br> + The treacheries his seed should undergo; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But said: “Be still and let the years roll round;”<br> + So I can only say, that lamentation<br> + Legitimate shall follow on your wrongs. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of that holy light the life already<br> + Had to the Sun which fills it turned again,<br> + As to that good which for each thing sufficeth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah, souls deceived, and creatures impious,<br> + Who from such good do turn away your hearts,<br> + Directing upon vanity your foreheads! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now, behold, another of those splendours<br> + Approached me, and its will to pleasure me<br> + It signified by brightening outwardly. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The eyes of Beatrice, that fastened were<br> + Upon me, as before, of dear assent<br> + To my desire assurance gave to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ah, bring swift compensation to my wish,<br> + Thou blessed spirit,” I said, “and give me proof<br> + That what I think in thee I can reflect!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat the light, that still was new to me,<br> + Out of its depths, whence it before was singing,<br> + As one delighted to do good, continued: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Within that region of the land depraved<br> + Of Italy, that lies between Rialto<br> + And fountain-heads of Brenta and of Piava, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Rises a hill, and mounts not very high,<br> + Wherefrom descended formerly a torch<br> + That made upon that region great assault. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Out of one root were born both I and it;<br> + Cunizza was I called, and here I shine<br> + Because the splendour of this star o’ercame me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But gladly to myself the cause I pardon<br> + Of my allotment, and it does not grieve me;<br> + Which would perhaps seem strong unto your vulgar. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of this so luculent and precious jewel,<br> + Which of our heaven is nearest unto me,<br> + Great fame remained; and ere it die away +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This hundredth year shall yet quintupled be.<br> + See if man ought to make him excellent,<br> + So that another life the first may leave! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thus thinks not the present multitude<br> + Shut in by Adige and Tagliamento,<br> + Nor yet for being scourged is penitent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But soon ’twill be that Padua in the marsh<br> + Will change the water that Vicenza bathes,<br> + Because the folk are stubborn against duty; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And where the Sile and Cagnano join<br> + One lordeth it, and goes with lofty head,<br> + For catching whom e’en now the net is making. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Feltro moreover of her impious pastor<br> + Shall weep the crime, which shall so monstrous be<br> + That for the like none ever entered Malta. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ample exceedingly would be the vat<br> + That of the Ferrarese could hold the blood,<br> + And weary who should weigh it ounce by ounce, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of which this courteous priest shall make a gift<br> + To show himself a partisan; and such gifts<br> + Will to the living of the land conform. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Above us there are mirrors, Thrones you call them,<br> + From which shines out on us God Judicant,<br> + So that this utterance seems good to us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here it was silent, and it had the semblance<br> + Of being turned elsewhither, by the wheel<br> + On which it entered as it was before. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other joy, already known to me,<br> + Became a thing transplendent in my sight,<br> + As a fine ruby smitten by the sun. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Through joy effulgence is acquired above,<br> + As here a smile; but down below, the shade<br> + Outwardly darkens, as the mind is sad. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“God seeth all things, and in Him, blest spirit,<br> + Thy sight is,” said I, “so that never will<br> + Of his can possibly from thee be hidden; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy voice, then, that for ever makes the heavens<br> + Glad, with the singing of those holy fires<br> + Which of their six wings make themselves a cowl, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore does it not satisfy my longings?<br> + Indeed, I would not wait thy questioning<br> + If I in thee were as thou art in me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The greatest of the valleys where the water<br> + Expands itself,” forthwith its words began,<br> + “That sea excepted which the earth engarlands, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Between discordant shores against the sun<br> + Extends so far, that it meridian makes<br> + Where it was wont before to make the horizon. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was a dweller on that valley’s shore<br> + ’Twixt Ebro and Magra that with journey short<br> + Doth from the Tuscan part the Genoese. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With the same sunset and same sunrise nearly<br> + Sit Buggia and the city whence I was,<br> + That with its blood once made the harbour hot. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Folco that people called me unto whom<br> + My name was known; and now with me this heaven<br> + Imprints itself, as I did once with it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For more the daughter of Belus never burned,<br> + Offending both Sichaeus and Creusa,<br> + Than I, so long as it became my locks, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor yet that Rodophean, who deluded<br> + was by Demophoon, nor yet Alcides,<br> + When Iole he in his heart had locked. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Yet here is no repenting, but we smile,<br> + Not at the fault, which comes not back to mind,<br> + But at the power which ordered and foresaw. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here we behold the art that doth adorn<br> + With such affection, and the good discover<br> + Whereby the world above turns that below. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But that thou wholly satisfied mayst bear<br> + Thy wishes hence which in this sphere are born,<br> + Still farther to proceed behoveth me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou fain wouldst know who is within this light<br> + That here beside me thus is scintillating,<br> + Even as a sunbeam in the limpid water. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then know thou, that within there is at rest<br> + Rahab, and being to our order joined,<br> + With her in its supremest grade ’tis sealed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Into this heaven, where ends the shadowy cone<br> + Cast by your world, before all other souls<br> + First of Christ’s triumph was she taken up. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Full meet it was to leave her in some heaven,<br> + Even as a palm of the high victory<br> + Which he acquired with one palm and the other, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because she favoured the first glorious deed<br> + Of Joshua upon the Holy Land,<br> + That little stirs the memory of the Pope. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy city, which an offshoot is of him<br> + Who first upon his Maker turned his back,<br> + And whose ambition is so sorely wept, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Brings forth and scatters the accursed flower<br> + Which both the sheep and lambs hath led astray<br> + Since it has turned the shepherd to a wolf. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For this the Evangel and the mighty Doctors<br> + Are derelict, and only the Decretals<br> + So studied that it shows upon their margins. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On this are Pope and Cardinals intent;<br> + Their meditations reach not Nazareth,<br> + There where his pinions Gabriel unfolded; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But Vatican and the other parts elect<br> + Of Rome, which have a cemetery been<br> + Unto the soldiery that followed Peter +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Shall soon be free from this adultery.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.X"></a>Paradiso: Canto X</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Looking into his Son with all the Love<br> + Which each of them eternally breathes forth,<br> + The Primal and unutterable Power +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whate’er before the mind or eye revolves<br> + With so much order made, there can be none<br> + Who this beholds without enjoying Him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lift up then, Reader, to the lofty wheels<br> + With me thy vision straight unto that part<br> + Where the one motion on the other strikes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And there begin to contemplate with joy<br> + That Master’s art, who in himself so loves it<br> + That never doth his eye depart therefrom. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold how from that point goes branching off<br> + The oblique circle, which conveys the planets,<br> + To satisfy the world that calls upon them; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if their pathway were not thus inflected,<br> + Much virtue in the heavens would be in vain,<br> + And almost every power below here dead. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If from the straight line distant more or less<br> + Were the departure, much would wanting be<br> + Above and underneath of mundane order. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Remain now, Reader, still upon thy bench,<br> + In thought pursuing that which is foretasted,<br> + If thou wouldst jocund be instead of weary. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I’ve set before thee; henceforth feed thyself,<br> + For to itself diverteth all my care<br> + That theme whereof I have been made the scribe. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The greatest of the ministers of nature,<br> + Who with the power of heaven the world imprints<br> + And measures with his light the time for us, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With that part which above is called to mind<br> + Conjoined, along the spirals was revolving,<br> + Where each time earlier he presents himself; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I was with him; but of the ascending<br> + I was not conscious, saving as a man<br> + Of a first thought is conscious ere it come; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Beatrice, she who is seen to pass<br> + From good to better, and so suddenly<br> + That not by time her action is expressed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How lucent in herself must she have been!<br> + And what was in the sun, wherein I entered,<br> + Apparent not by colour but by light, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I, though I call on genius, art, and practice,<br> + Cannot so tell that it could be imagined;<br> + Believe one can, and let him long to see it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if our fantasies too lowly are<br> + For altitude so great, it is no marvel,<br> + Since o’er the sun was never eye could go. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such in this place was the fourth family<br> + Of the high Father, who forever sates it,<br> + Showing how he breathes forth and how begets. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Beatrice began: “Give thanks, give thanks<br> + Unto the Sun of Angels, who to this<br> + Sensible one has raised thee by his grace!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Never was heart of mortal so disposed<br> + To worship, nor to give itself to God<br> + With all its gratitude was it so ready, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As at those words did I myself become;<br> + And all my love was so absorbed in Him,<br> + That in oblivion Beatrice was eclipsed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor this displeased her; but she smiled at it<br> + So that the splendour of her laughing eyes<br> + My single mind on many things divided. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lights many saw I, vivid and triumphant,<br> + Make us a centre and themselves a circle,<br> + More sweet in voice than luminous in aspect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus girt about the daughter of Latona<br> + We sometimes see, when pregnant is the air,<br> + So that it holds the thread which makes her zone. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within the court of Heaven, whence I return,<br> + Are many jewels found, so fair and precious<br> + They cannot be transported from the realm; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of them was the singing of those lights.<br> + Who takes not wings that he may fly up thither,<br> + The tidings thence may from the dumb await! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as singing thus those burning suns<br> + Had round about us whirled themselves three times,<br> + Like unto stars neighbouring the steadfast poles, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ladies they seemed, not from the dance released,<br> + But who stop short, in silence listening<br> + Till they have gathered the new melody. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And within one I heard beginning: “When<br> + The radiance of grace, by which is kindled<br> + True love, and which thereafter grows by loving, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within thee multiplied is so resplendent<br> + That it conducts thee upward by that stair,<br> + Where without reascending none descends, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who should deny the wine out of his vial<br> + Unto thy thirst, in liberty were not<br> + Except as water which descends not seaward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Fain wouldst thou know with what plants is enflowered<br> + This garland that encircles with delight<br> + The Lady fair who makes thee strong for heaven. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of the lambs was I of the holy flock<br> + Which Dominic conducteth by a road<br> + Where well one fattens if he strayeth not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who is nearest to me on the right<br> + My brother and master was; and he Albertus<br> + Is of Cologne, I Thomas of Aquinum. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If thou of all the others wouldst be certain,<br> + Follow behind my speaking with thy sight<br> + Upward along the blessed garland turning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That next effulgence issues from the smile<br> + Of Gratian, who assisted both the courts<br> + In such wise that it pleased in Paradise. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other which near by adorns our choir<br> + That Peter was who, e’en as the poor widow,<br> + Offered his treasure unto Holy Church. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The fifth light, that among us is the fairest,<br> + Breathes forth from such a love, that all the world<br> + Below is greedy to learn tidings of it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within it is the lofty mind, where knowledge<br> + So deep was put, that, if the true be true,<br> + To see so much there never rose a second. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou seest next the lustre of that taper,<br> + Which in the flesh below looked most within<br> + The angelic nature and its ministry. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within that other little light is smiling<br> + The advocate of the Christian centuries,<br> + Out of whose rhetoric Augustine was furnished. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now if thou trainest thy mind’s eye along<br> + From light to light pursuant of my praise,<br> + With thirst already of the eighth thou waitest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By seeing every good therein exults<br> + The sainted soul, which the fallacious world<br> + Makes manifest to him who listeneth well; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The body whence ’twas hunted forth is lying<br> + Down in Cieldauro, and from martyrdom<br> + And banishment it came unto this peace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +See farther onward flame the burning breath<br> + Of Isidore, of Beda, and of Richard<br> + Who was in contemplation more than man. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This, whence to me returneth thy regard,<br> + The light is of a spirit unto whom<br> + In his grave meditations death seemed slow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It is the light eternal of Sigier,<br> + Who, reading lectures in the Street of Straw,<br> + Did syllogize invidious verities.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then, as a horologe that calleth us<br> + What time the Bride of God is rising up<br> + With matins to her Spouse that he may love her, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherein one part the other draws and urges,<br> + Ting! ting! resounding with so sweet a note,<br> + That swells with love the spirit well disposed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus I beheld the glorious wheel move round,<br> + And render voice to voice, in modulation<br> + And sweetness that can not be comprehended, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Excepting there where joy is made eternal. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XI"></a>Paradiso: Canto XI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Thou insensate care of mortal men,<br> + How inconclusive are the syllogisms<br> + That make thee beat thy wings in downward flight! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One after laws and one to aphorisms<br> + Was going, and one following the priesthood,<br> + And one to reign by force or sophistry, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one in theft, and one in state affairs,<br> + One in the pleasures of the flesh involved<br> + Wearied himself, one gave himself to ease; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I, from all these things emancipate,<br> + With Beatrice above there in the Heavens<br> + With such exceeding glory was received! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When each one had returned unto that point<br> + Within the circle where it was before,<br> + It stood as in a candlestick a candle; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And from within the effulgence which at first<br> + Had spoken unto me, I heard begin<br> + Smiling while it more luminous became: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Even as I am kindled in its ray,<br> + So, looking into the Eternal Light,<br> + The occasion of thy thoughts I apprehend. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou doubtest, and wouldst have me to resift<br> + In language so extended and so open<br> + My speech, that to thy sense it may be plain, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Where just before I said, ‘where well one fattens,’<br> + And where I said, ‘there never rose a second;’<br> + And here ’tis needful we distinguish well. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Providence, which governeth the world<br> + With counsel, wherein all created vision<br> + Is vanquished ere it reach unto the bottom, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +(So that towards her own Beloved might go<br> + The bride of Him who, uttering a loud cry,<br> + Espoused her with his consecrated blood, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Self-confident and unto Him more faithful,)<br> + Two Princes did ordain in her behoof,<br> + Which on this side and that might be her guide. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The one was all seraphical in ardour;<br> + The other by his wisdom upon earth<br> + A splendour was of light cherubical. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One will I speak of, for of both is spoken<br> + In praising one, whichever may be taken,<br> + Because unto one end their labours were. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Between Tupino and the stream that falls<br> + Down from the hill elect of blessed Ubald,<br> + A fertile slope of lofty mountain hangs, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From which Perugia feels the cold and heat<br> + Through Porta Sole, and behind it weep<br> + Gualdo and Nocera their grievous yoke. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From out that slope, there where it breaketh most<br> + Its steepness, rose upon the world a sun<br> + As this one does sometimes from out the Ganges; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore let him who speaketh of that place,<br> + Say not Ascesi, for he would say little,<br> + But Orient, if he properly would speak. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He was not yet far distant from his rising<br> + Before he had begun to make the earth<br> + Some comfort from his mighty virtue feel. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For he in youth his father’s wrath incurred<br> + For certain Dame, to whom, as unto death,<br> + The gate of pleasure no one doth unlock; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And was before his spiritual court<br> + ‘Et coram patre’ unto her united;<br> + Then day by day more fervently he loved her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She, reft of her first husband, scorned, obscure,<br> + One thousand and one hundred years and more,<br> + Waited without a suitor till he came. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Naught it availed to hear, that with Amyclas<br> + Found her unmoved at sounding of his voice<br> + He who struck terror into all the world; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Naught it availed being constant and undaunted,<br> + So that, when Mary still remained below,<br> + She mounted up with Christ upon the cross. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But that too darkly I may not proceed,<br> + Francis and Poverty for these two lovers<br> + Take thou henceforward in my speech diffuse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Their concord and their joyous semblances,<br> + The love, the wonder, and the sweet regard,<br> + They made to be the cause of holy thoughts; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So much so that the venerable Bernard<br> + First bared his feet, and after so great peace<br> + Ran, and, in running, thought himself too slow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O wealth unknown! O veritable good!<br> + Giles bares his feet, and bares his feet Sylvester<br> + Behind the bridegroom, so doth please the bride! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then goes his way that father and that master,<br> + He and his Lady and that family<br> + Which now was girding on the humble cord; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor cowardice of heart weighed down his brow<br> + At being son of Peter Bernardone,<br> + Nor for appearing marvellously scorned; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But regally his hard determination<br> + To Innocent he opened, and from him<br> + Received the primal seal upon his Order. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the people mendicant increased<br> + Behind this man, whose admirable life<br> + Better in glory of the heavens were sung, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Incoronated with a second crown<br> + Was through Honorius by the Eternal Spirit<br> + The holy purpose of this Archimandrite. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when he had, through thirst of martyrdom,<br> + In the proud presence of the Sultan preached<br> + Christ and the others who came after him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, finding for conversion too unripe<br> + The folk, and not to tarry there in vain,<br> + Returned to fruit of the Italic grass, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On the rude rock ’twixt Tiber and the Arno<br> + From Christ did he receive the final seal,<br> + Which during two whole years his members bore. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When He, who chose him unto so much good,<br> + Was pleased to draw him up to the reward<br> + That he had merited by being lowly, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto his friars, as to the rightful heirs,<br> + His most dear Lady did he recommend,<br> + And bade that they should love her faithfully; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And from her bosom the illustrious soul<br> + Wished to depart, returning to its realm,<br> + And for its body wished no other bier. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Think now what man was he, who was a fit<br> + Companion over the high seas to keep<br> + The bark of Peter to its proper bearings. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this man was our Patriarch; hence whoever<br> + Doth follow him as he commands can see<br> + That he is laden with good merchandise. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But for new pasturage his flock has grown<br> + So greedy, that it is impossible<br> + They be not scattered over fields diverse; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in proportion as his sheep remote<br> + And vagabond go farther off from him,<br> + More void of milk return they to the fold. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Verily some there are that fear a hurt,<br> + And keep close to the shepherd; but so few,<br> + That little cloth doth furnish forth their hoods. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now if my utterance be not indistinct,<br> + If thine own hearing hath attentive been,<br> + If thou recall to mind what I have said, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In part contented shall thy wishes be;<br> + For thou shalt see the plant that’s chipped away,<br> + And the rebuke that lieth in the words, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Where well one fattens, if he strayeth not.’” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Soon as the blessed flame had taken up<br> + The final word to give it utterance,<br> + Began the holy millstone to revolve, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in its gyre had not turned wholly round,<br> + Before another in a ring enclosed it,<br> + And motion joined to motion, song to song; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Song that as greatly doth transcend our Muses,<br> + Our Sirens, in those dulcet clarions,<br> + As primal splendour that which is reflected. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as are spanned athwart a tender cloud<br> + Two rainbows parallel and like in colour,<br> + When Juno to her handmaid gives command, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +(The one without born of the one within,<br> + Like to the speaking of that vagrant one<br> + Whom love consumed as doth the sun the vapours,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And make the people here, through covenant<br> + God set with Noah, presageful of the world<br> + That shall no more be covered with a flood, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In such wise of those sempiternal roses<br> + The garlands twain encompassed us about,<br> + And thus the outer to the inner answered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the dance, and other grand rejoicings,<br> + Both of the singing, and the flaming forth<br> + Effulgence with effulgence blithe and tender, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Together, at once, with one accord had stopped,<br> + (Even as the eyes, that, as volition moves them,<br> + Must needs together shut and lift themselves,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Out of the heart of one of the new lights<br> + There came a voice, that needle to the star<br> + Made me appear in turning thitherward. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And it began: “The love that makes me fair<br> + Draws me to speak about the other leader,<br> + By whom so well is spoken here of mine. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Tis right, where one is, to bring in the other,<br> + That, as they were united in their warfare,<br> + Together likewise may their glory shine. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The soldiery of Christ, which it had cost<br> + So dear to arm again, behind the standard<br> + Moved slow and doubtful and in numbers few, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When the Emperor who reigneth evermore<br> + Provided for the host that was in peril,<br> + Through grace alone and not that it was worthy; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, as was said, he to his Bride brought succour<br> + With champions twain, at whose deed, at whose word<br> + The straggling people were together drawn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within that region where the sweet west wind<br> + Rises to open the new leaves, wherewith<br> + Europe is seen to clothe herself afresh, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not far off from the beating of the waves,<br> + Behind which in his long career the sun<br> + Sometimes conceals himself from every man, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Is situate the fortunate Calahorra,<br> + Under protection of the mighty shield<br> + In which the Lion subject is and sovereign. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therein was born the amorous paramour<br> + Of Christian Faith, the athlete consecrate,<br> + Kind to his own and cruel to his foes; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when it was created was his mind<br> + Replete with such a living energy,<br> + That in his mother her it made prophetic. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as the espousals were complete<br> + Between him and the Faith at holy font,<br> + Where they with mutual safety dowered each other, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The woman, who for him had given assent,<br> + Saw in a dream the admirable fruit<br> + That issue would from him and from his heirs; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that he might be construed as he was,<br> + A spirit from this place went forth to name him<br> + With His possessive whose he wholly was. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Dominic was he called; and him I speak of<br> + Even as of the husbandman whom Christ<br> + Elected to his garden to assist him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Envoy and servant sooth he seemed of Christ,<br> + For the first love made manifest in him<br> + Was the first counsel that was given by Christ. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Silent and wakeful many a time was he<br> + Discovered by his nurse upon the ground,<br> + As if he would have said, ‘For this I came.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O thou his father, Felix verily!<br> + O thou his mother, verily Joanna,<br> + If this, interpreted, means as is said! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not for the world which people toil for now<br> + In following Ostiense and Taddeo,<br> + But through his longing after the true manna, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He in short time became so great a teacher,<br> + That he began to go about the vineyard,<br> + Which fadeth soon, if faithless be the dresser; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of the See, (that once was more benignant<br> + Unto the righteous poor, not through itself,<br> + But him who sits there and degenerates,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not to dispense or two or three for six,<br> + Not any fortune of first vacancy,<br> + ‘Non decimas quae sunt pauperum Dei,’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He asked for, but against the errant world<br> + Permission to do battle for the seed,<br> + Of which these four and twenty plants surround thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then with the doctrine and the will together,<br> + With office apostolical he moved,<br> + Like torrent which some lofty vein out-presses; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in among the shoots heretical<br> + His impetus with greater fury smote,<br> + Wherever the resistance was the greatest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of him were made thereafter divers runnels,<br> + Whereby the garden catholic is watered,<br> + So that more living its plantations stand. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If such the one wheel of the Biga was,<br> + In which the Holy Church itself defended<br> + And in the field its civic battle won, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truly full manifest should be to thee<br> + The excellence of the other, unto whom<br> + Thomas so courteous was before my coming. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But still the orbit, which the highest part<br> + Of its circumference made, is derelict,<br> + So that the mould is where was once the crust. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +His family, that had straight forward moved<br> + With feet upon his footprints, are turned round<br> + So that they set the point upon the heel. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And soon aware they will be of the harvest<br> + Of this bad husbandry, when shall the tares<br> + Complain the granary is taken from them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Yet say I, he who searcheth leaf by leaf<br> + Our volume through, would still some page discover<br> + Where he could read, ‘I am as I am wont.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twill not be from Casal nor Acquasparta,<br> + From whence come such unto the written word<br> + That one avoids it, and the other narrows. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Bonaventura of Bagnoregio’s life<br> + Am I, who always in great offices<br> + Postponed considerations sinister. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here are Illuminato and Agostino,<br> + Who of the first barefooted beggars were<br> + That with the cord the friends of God became. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hugh of Saint Victor is among them here,<br> + And Peter Mangiador, and Peter of Spain,<br> + Who down below in volumes twelve is shining; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nathan the seer, and metropolitan<br> + Chrysostom, and Anselmus, and Donatus<br> + Who deigned to lay his hand to the first art; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here is Rabanus, and beside me here<br> + Shines the Calabrian Abbot Joachim,<br> + He with the spirit of prophecy endowed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To celebrate so great a paladin<br> + Have moved me the impassioned courtesy<br> + And the discreet discourses of Friar Thomas, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And with me they have moved this company.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XIII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let him imagine, who would well conceive<br> + What now I saw, and let him while I speak<br> + Retain the image as a steadfast rock, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The fifteen stars, that in their divers regions<br> + The sky enliven with a light so great<br> + That it transcends all clusters of the air; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let him the Wain imagine unto which<br> + Our vault of heaven sufficeth night and day,<br> + So that in turning of its pole it fails not; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let him the mouth imagine of the horn<br> + That in the point beginneth of the axis<br> + Round about which the primal wheel revolves,— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To have fashioned of themselves two signs in heaven,<br> + Like unto that which Minos’ daughter made,<br> + The moment when she felt the frost of death; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And one to have its rays within the other,<br> + And both to whirl themselves in such a manner<br> + That one should forward go, the other backward; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he will have some shadowing forth of that<br> + True constellation and the double dance<br> + That circled round the point at which I was; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because it is as much beyond our wont,<br> + As swifter than the motion of the Chiana<br> + Moveth the heaven that all the rest outspeeds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There sang they neither Bacchus, nor Apollo,<br> + But in the divine nature Persons three,<br> + And in one person the divine and human. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The singing and the dance fulfilled their measure,<br> + And unto us those holy lights gave need,<br> + Growing in happiness from care to care. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then broke the silence of those saints concordant<br> + The light in which the admirable life<br> + Of God’s own mendicant was told to me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said: “Now that one straw is trodden out<br> + Now that its seed is garnered up already,<br> + Sweet love invites me to thresh out the other. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Into that bosom, thou believest, whence<br> + Was drawn the rib to form the beauteous cheek<br> + Whose taste to all the world is costing dear, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And into that which, by the lance transfixed,<br> + Before and since, such satisfaction made<br> + That it weighs down the balance of all sin, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whate’er of light it has to human nature<br> + Been lawful to possess was all infused<br> + By the same power that both of them created; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And hence at what I said above dost wonder,<br> + When I narrated that no second had<br> + The good which in the fifth light is enclosed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now ope thine eyes to what I answer thee,<br> + And thou shalt see thy creed and my discourse<br> + Fit in the truth as centre in a circle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That which can die, and that which dieth not,<br> + Are nothing but the splendour of the idea<br> + Which by his love our Lord brings into being; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because that living Light, which from its fount<br> + Effulgent flows, so that it disunites not<br> + From Him nor from the Love in them intrined, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Through its own goodness reunites its rays<br> + In nine subsistences, as in a mirror,<br> + Itself eternally remaining One. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thence it descends to the last potencies,<br> + Downward from act to act becoming such<br> + That only brief contingencies it makes; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And these contingencies I hold to be<br> + Things generated, which the heaven produces<br> + By its own motion, with seed and without. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Neither their wax, nor that which tempers it,<br> + Remains immutable, and hence beneath<br> + The ideal signet more and less shines through; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore it happens, that the selfsame tree<br> + After its kind bears worse and better fruit,<br> + And ye are born with characters diverse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If in perfection tempered were the wax,<br> + And were the heaven in its supremest virtue,<br> + The brilliance of the seal would all appear; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But nature gives it evermore deficient,<br> + In the like manner working as the artist,<br> + Who has the skill of art and hand that trembles. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If then the fervent Love, the Vision clear,<br> + Of primal Virtue do dispose and seal,<br> + Perfection absolute is there acquired. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus was of old the earth created worthy<br> + Of all and every animal perfection;<br> + And thus the Virgin was impregnate made; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that thine own opinion I commend,<br> + That human nature never yet has been,<br> + Nor will be, what it was in those two persons. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now if no farther forth I should proceed,<br> + ‘Then in what way was he without a peer?’<br> + Would be the first beginning of thy words. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But, that may well appear what now appears not,<br> + Think who he was, and what occasion moved him<br> + To make request, when it was told him, ‘Ask.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I’ve not so spoken that thou canst not see<br> + Clearly he was a king who asked for wisdom,<br> + That he might be sufficiently a king; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twas not to know the number in which are<br> + The motors here above, or if ‘necesse’<br> + With a contingent e’er ‘necesse’ make, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Non si est dare primum motum esse,’<br> + Or if in semicircle can be made<br> + Triangle so that it have no right angle. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence, if thou notest this and what I said,<br> + A regal prudence is that peerless seeing<br> + In which the shaft of my intention strikes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if on ‘rose’ thou turnest thy clear eyes,<br> + Thou’lt see that it has reference alone<br> + To kings who’re many, and the good are rare. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With this distinction take thou what I said,<br> + And thus it can consist with thy belief<br> + Of the first father and of our Delight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lead shall this be always to thy feet,<br> + To make thee, like a weary man, move slowly<br> + Both to the Yes and No thou seest not; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For very low among the fools is he<br> + Who affirms without distinction, or denies,<br> + As well in one as in the other case; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because it happens that full often bends<br> + Current opinion in the false direction,<br> + And then the feelings bind the intellect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Far more than uselessly he leaves the shore,<br> + (Since he returneth not the same he went,)<br> + Who fishes for the truth, and has no skill; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in the world proofs manifest thereof<br> + Parmenides, Melissus, Brissus are,<br> + And many who went on and knew not whither; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did Sabellius, Arius, and those fools<br> + Who have been even as swords unto the Scriptures<br> + In rendering distorted their straight faces. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor yet shall people be too confident<br> + In judging, even as he is who doth count<br> + The corn in field or ever it be ripe. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For I have seen all winter long the thorn<br> + First show itself intractable and fierce,<br> + And after bear the rose upon its top; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I have seen a ship direct and swift<br> + Run o’er the sea throughout its course entire,<br> + To perish at the harbour’s mouth at last. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let not Dame Bertha nor Ser Martin think,<br> + Seeing one steal, another offering make,<br> + To see them in the arbitrament divine; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For one may rise, and fall the other may.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XIV"></a>Paradiso: Canto XIV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +From centre unto rim, from rim to centre,<br> + In a round vase the water moves itself,<br> + As from without ’tis struck or from within. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Into my mind upon a sudden dropped<br> + What I am saying, at the moment when<br> + Silent became the glorious life of Thomas, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because of the resemblance that was born<br> + Of his discourse and that of Beatrice,<br> + Whom, after him, it pleased thus to begin: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“This man has need (and does not tell you so,<br> + Nor with the voice, nor even in his thought)<br> + Of going to the root of one truth more. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Declare unto him if the light wherewith<br> + Blossoms your substance shall remain with you<br> + Eternally the same that it is now; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if it do remain, say in what manner,<br> + After ye are again made visible,<br> + It can be that it injure not your sight.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As by a greater gladness urged and drawn<br> + They who are dancing in a ring sometimes<br> + Uplift their voices and their motions quicken; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So, at that orison devout and prompt,<br> + The holy circles a new joy displayed<br> + In their revolving and their wondrous song. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whoso lamenteth him that here we die<br> + That we may live above, has never there<br> + Seen the refreshment of the eternal rain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The One and Two and Three who ever liveth,<br> + And reigneth ever in Three and Two and One,<br> + Not circumscribed and all things circumscribing, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Three several times was chanted by each one<br> + Among those spirits, with such melody<br> + That for all merit it were just reward; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, in the lustre most divine of all<br> + The lesser ring, I heard a modest voice,<br> + Such as perhaps the Angel’s was to Mary, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Answer: “As long as the festivity<br> + Of Paradise shall be, so long our love<br> + Shall radiate round about us such a vesture. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Its brightness is proportioned to the ardour,<br> + The ardour to the vision; and the vision<br> + Equals what grace it has above its worth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When, glorious and sanctified, our flesh<br> + Is reassumed, then shall our persons be<br> + More pleasing by their being all complete; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For will increase whate’er bestows on us<br> + Of light gratuitous the Good Supreme,<br> + Light which enables us to look on Him; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore the vision must perforce increase,<br> + Increase the ardour which from that is kindled,<br> + Increase the radiance which from this proceeds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But even as a coal that sends forth flame,<br> + And by its vivid whiteness overpowers it<br> + So that its own appearance it maintains, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus the effulgence that surrounds us now<br> + Shall be o’erpowered in aspect by the flesh,<br> + Which still to-day the earth doth cover up; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor can so great a splendour weary us,<br> + For strong will be the organs of the body<br> + To everything which hath the power to please us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So sudden and alert appeared to me<br> + Both one and the other choir to say Amen,<br> + That well they showed desire for their dead bodies; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor sole for them perhaps, but for the mothers,<br> + The fathers, and the rest who had been dear<br> + Or ever they became eternal flames. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lo! all round about of equal brightness<br> + Arose a lustre over what was there,<br> + Like an horizon that is clearing up. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as at rise of early eve begin<br> + Along the welkin new appearances,<br> + So that the sight seems real and unreal, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It seemed to me that new subsistences<br> + Began there to be seen, and make a circle<br> + Outside the other two circumferences. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O very sparkling of the Holy Spirit,<br> + How sudden and incandescent it became<br> + Unto mine eyes, that vanquished bore it not! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But Beatrice so beautiful and smiling<br> + Appeared to me, that with the other sights<br> + That followed not my memory I must leave her. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then to uplift themselves mine eyes resumed<br> + The power, and I beheld myself translated<br> + To higher salvation with my Lady only. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well was I ware that I was more uplifted<br> + By the enkindled smiling of the star,<br> + That seemed to me more ruddy than its wont. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With all my heart, and in that dialect<br> + Which is the same in all, such holocaust<br> + To God I made as the new grace beseemed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And not yet from my bosom was exhausted<br> + The ardour of sacrifice, before I knew<br> + This offering was accepted and auspicious; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For with so great a lustre and so red<br> + Splendours appeared to me in twofold rays,<br> + I said: “O Helios who dost so adorn them!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as distinct with less and greater lights<br> + Glimmers between the two poles of the world<br> + The Galaxy that maketh wise men doubt, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus constellated in the depths of Mars,<br> + Those rays described the venerable sign<br> + That quadrants joining in a circle make. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here doth my memory overcome my genius;<br> + For on that cross as levin gleamed forth Christ,<br> + So that I cannot find ensample worthy; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But he who takes his cross and follows Christ<br> + Again will pardon me what I omit,<br> + Seeing in that aurora lighten Christ. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From horn to horn, and ’twixt the top and base,<br> + Lights were in motion, brightly scintillating<br> + As they together met and passed each other; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus level and aslant and swift and slow<br> + We here behold, renewing still the sight,<br> + The particles of bodies long and short, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Across the sunbeam move, wherewith is listed<br> + Sometimes the shade, which for their own defence<br> + People with cunning and with art contrive. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as a lute and harp, accordant strung<br> + With many strings, a dulcet tinkling make<br> + To him by whom the notes are not distinguished, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So from the lights that there to me appeared<br> + Upgathered through the cross a melody,<br> + Which rapt me, not distinguishing the hymn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well was I ware it was of lofty laud,<br> + Because there came to me, “Arise and conquer!”<br> + As unto him who hears and comprehends not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So much enamoured I became therewith,<br> + That until then there was not anything<br> + That e’er had fettered me with such sweet bonds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Perhaps my word appears somewhat too bold,<br> + Postponing the delight of those fair eyes,<br> + Into which gazing my desire has rest; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But who bethinks him that the living seals<br> + Of every beauty grow in power ascending,<br> + And that I there had not turned round to those, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Can me excuse, if I myself accuse<br> + To excuse myself, and see that I speak truly:<br> + For here the holy joy is not disclosed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because ascending it becomes more pure. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XV"></a>Paradiso: Canto XV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +A will benign, in which reveals itself<br> + Ever the love that righteously inspires,<br> + As in the iniquitous, cupidity, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Silence imposed upon that dulcet lyre,<br> + And quieted the consecrated chords,<br> + That Heaven’s right hand doth tighten and relax. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +How unto just entreaties shall be deaf<br> + Those substances, which, to give me desire<br> + Of praying them, with one accord grew silent? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Tis well that without end he should lament,<br> + Who for the love of thing that doth not last<br> + Eternally despoils him of that love! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As through the pure and tranquil evening air<br> + There shoots from time to time a sudden fire,<br> + Moving the eyes that steadfast were before, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And seems to be a star that changeth place,<br> + Except that in the part where it is kindled<br> + Nothing is missed, and this endureth little; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So from the horn that to the right extends<br> + Unto that cross’s foot there ran a star<br> + Out of the constellation shining there; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor was the gem dissevered from its ribbon,<br> + But down the radiant fillet ran along,<br> + So that fire seemed it behind alabaster. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus piteous did Anchises’ shade reach forward,<br> + If any faith our greatest Muse deserve,<br> + When in Elysium he his son perceived. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O sanguis meus, O superinfusa<br> + Gratia Dei, sicut tibi, cui<br> + Bis unquam Coeli janua reclusa?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus that effulgence; whence I gave it heed;<br> + Then round unto my Lady turned my sight,<br> + And on this side and that was stupefied; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For in her eyes was burning such a smile<br> + That with mine own methought I touched the bottom<br> + Both of my grace and of my Paradise! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then, pleasant to the hearing and the sight,<br> + The spirit joined to its beginning things<br> + I understood not, so profound it spake; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor did it hide itself from me by choice,<br> + But by necessity; for its conception<br> + Above the mark of mortals set itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when the bow of burning sympathy<br> + Was so far slackened, that its speech descended<br> + Towards the mark of our intelligence, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The first thing that was understood by me<br> + Was “Benedight be Thou, O Trine and One,<br> + Who hast unto my seed so courteous been!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And it continued: “Hunger long and grateful,<br> + Drawn from the reading of the mighty volume<br> + Wherein is never changed the white nor dark, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou hast appeased, my son, within this light<br> + In which I speak to thee, by grace of her<br> + Who to this lofty flight with plumage clothed thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou thinkest that to me thy thought doth pass<br> + From Him who is the first, as from the unit,<br> + If that be known, ray out the five and six; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And therefore who I am thou askest not,<br> + And why I seem more joyous unto thee<br> + Than any other of this gladsome crowd. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou think’st the truth; because the small and great<br> + Of this existence look into the mirror<br> + Wherein, before thou think’st, thy thought thou showest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But that the sacred love, in which I watch<br> + With sight perpetual, and which makes me thirst<br> + With sweet desire, may better be fulfilled, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now let thy voice secure and frank and glad<br> + Proclaim the wishes, the desire proclaim,<br> + To which my answer is decreed already.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To Beatrice I turned me, and she heard<br> + Before I spake, and smiled to me a sign,<br> + That made the wings of my desire increase; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then in this wise began I: “Love and knowledge,<br> + When on you dawned the first Equality,<br> + Of the same weight for each of you became; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For in the Sun, which lighted you and burned<br> + With heat and radiance, they so equal are,<br> + That all similitudes are insufficient. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But among mortals will and argument,<br> + For reason that to you is manifest,<br> + Diversely feathered in their pinions are. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I, who mortal am, feel in myself<br> + This inequality; so give not thanks,<br> + Save in my heart, for this paternal welcome. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truly do I entreat thee, living topaz!<br> + Set in this precious jewel as a gem,<br> + That thou wilt satisfy me with thy name.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O leaf of mine, in whom I pleasure took<br> + E’en while awaiting, I was thine own root!”<br> + Such a beginning he in answer made me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then said to me: “That one from whom is named<br> + Thy race, and who a hundred years and more<br> + Has circled round the mount on the first cornice, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A son of mine and thy great-grandsire was;<br> + Well it behoves thee that the long fatigue<br> + Thou shouldst for him make shorter with thy works. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Florence, within the ancient boundary<br> + From which she taketh still her tierce and nones,<br> + Abode in quiet, temperate and chaste. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No golden chain she had, nor coronal,<br> + Nor ladies shod with sandal shoon, nor girdle<br> + That caught the eye more than the person did. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not yet the daughter at her birth struck fear<br> + Into the father, for the time and dower<br> + Did not o’errun this side or that the measure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No houses had she void of families,<br> + Not yet had thither come Sardanapalus<br> + To show what in a chamber can be done; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not yet surpassed had Montemalo been<br> + By your Uccellatojo, which surpassed<br> + Shall in its downfall be as in its rise. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Bellincion Berti saw I go begirt<br> + With leather and with bone, and from the mirror<br> + His dame depart without a painted face; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And him of Nerli saw, and him of Vecchio,<br> + Contented with their simple suits of buff<br> + And with the spindle and the flax their dames. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O fortunate women! and each one was certain<br> + Of her own burial-place, and none as yet<br> + For sake of France was in her bed deserted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One o’er the cradle kept her studious watch,<br> + And in her lullaby the language used<br> + That first delights the fathers and the mothers; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Another, drawing tresses from her distaff,<br> + Told o’er among her family the tales<br> + Of Trojans and of Fesole and Rome. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As great a marvel then would have been held<br> + A Lapo Salterello, a Cianghella,<br> + As Cincinnatus or Cornelia now. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To such a quiet, such a beautiful<br> + Life of the citizen, to such a safe<br> + Community, and to so sweet an inn, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Did Mary give me, with loud cries invoked,<br> + And in your ancient Baptistery at once<br> + Christian and Cacciaguida I became. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Moronto was my brother, and Eliseo;<br> + From Val di Pado came to me my wife,<br> + And from that place thy surname was derived. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I followed afterward the Emperor Conrad,<br> + And he begirt me of his chivalry,<br> + So much I pleased him with my noble deeds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I followed in his train against that law’s<br> + Iniquity, whose people doth usurp<br> + Your just possession, through your Pastor’s fault. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There by that execrable race was I<br> + Released from bonds of the fallacious world,<br> + The love of which defileth many souls, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And came from martyrdom unto this peace.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XVI"></a>Paradiso: Canto XVI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +O thou our poor nobility of blood,<br> + If thou dost make the people glory in thee<br> + Down here where our affection languishes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A marvellous thing it ne’er will be to me;<br> + For there where appetite is not perverted,<br> + I say in Heaven, of thee I made a boast! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truly thou art a cloak that quickly shortens,<br> + So that unless we piece thee day by day<br> + Time goeth round about thee with his shears! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With ‘You,’ which Rome was first to tolerate,<br> + (Wherein her family less perseveres,)<br> + Yet once again my words beginning made; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence Beatrice, who stood somewhat apart,<br> + Smiling, appeared like unto her who coughed<br> + At the first failing writ of Guenever. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I began: “You are my ancestor,<br> + You give to me all hardihood to speak,<br> + You lift me so that I am more than I. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So many rivulets with gladness fill<br> + My mind, that of itself it makes a joy<br> + Because it can endure this and not burst. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then tell me, my beloved root ancestral,<br> + Who were your ancestors, and what the years<br> + That in your boyhood chronicled themselves? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Tell me about the sheepfold of Saint John,<br> + How large it was, and who the people were<br> + Within it worthy of the highest seats.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As at the blowing of the winds a coal<br> + Quickens to flame, so I beheld that light<br> + Become resplendent at my blandishments. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as unto mine eyes it grew more fair,<br> + With voice more sweet and tender, but not in<br> + This modern dialect, it said to me: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“From uttering of the ‘Ave,’ till the birth<br> + In which my mother, who is now a saint,<br> + Of me was lightened who had been her burden, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto its Lion had this fire returned<br> + Five hundred fifty times and thirty more,<br> + To reinflame itself beneath his paw. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My ancestors and I our birthplace had<br> + Where first is found the last ward of the city<br> + By him who runneth in your annual game. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Suffice it of my elders to hear this;<br> + But who they were, and whence they thither came,<br> + Silence is more considerate than speech. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All those who at that time were there between<br> + Mars and the Baptist, fit for bearing arms,<br> + Were a fifth part of those who now are living; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But the community, that now is mixed<br> + With Campi and Certaldo and Figghine,<br> + Pure in the lowest artisan was seen. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O how much better ’twere to have as neighbours<br> + The folk of whom I speak, and at Galluzzo<br> + And at Trespiano have your boundary, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Than have them in the town, and bear the stench<br> + Of Aguglione’s churl, and him of Signa<br> + Who has sharp eyes for trickery already. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Had not the folk, which most of all the world<br> + Degenerates, been a step-dame unto Caesar,<br> + But as a mother to her son benignant, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Some who turn Florentines, and trade and discount,<br> + Would have gone back again to Simifonte<br> + There where their grandsires went about as beggars. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At Montemurlo still would be the Counts,<br> + The Cerchi in the parish of Acone,<br> + Perhaps in Valdigrieve the Buondelmonti. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ever the intermingling of the people<br> + Has been the source of malady in cities,<br> + As in the body food it surfeits on; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And a blind bull more headlong plunges down<br> + Than a blind lamb; and very often cuts<br> + Better and more a single sword than five. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If Luni thou regard, and Urbisaglia,<br> + How they have passed away, and how are passing<br> + Chiusi and Sinigaglia after them, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To hear how races waste themselves away,<br> + Will seem to thee no novel thing nor hard,<br> + Seeing that even cities have an end. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All things of yours have their mortality,<br> + Even as yourselves; but it is hidden in some<br> + That a long while endure, and lives are short; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as the turning of the lunar heaven<br> + Covers and bares the shores without a pause,<br> + In the like manner fortune does with Florence. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore should not appear a marvellous thing<br> + What I shall say of the great Florentines<br> + Of whom the fame is hidden in the Past. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw the Ughi, saw the Catellini,<br> + Filippi, Greci, Ormanni, and Alberichi,<br> + Even in their fall illustrious citizens; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And saw, as mighty as they ancient were,<br> + With him of La Sannella him of Arca,<br> + And Soldanier, Ardinghi, and Bostichi. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Near to the gate that is at present laden<br> + With a new felony of so much weight<br> + That soon it shall be jetsam from the bark, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Ravignani were, from whom descended<br> + The County Guido, and whoe’er the name<br> + Of the great Bellincione since hath taken. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He of La Pressa knew the art of ruling<br> + Already, and already Galigajo<br> + Had hilt and pommel gilded in his house. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Mighty already was the Column Vair,<br> + Sacchetti, Giuochi, Fifant, and Barucci,<br> + And Galli, and they who for the bushel blush. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The stock from which were the Calfucci born<br> + Was great already, and already chosen<br> + To curule chairs the Sizii and Arrigucci. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O how beheld I those who are undone<br> + By their own pride! and how the Balls of Gold<br> + Florence enflowered in all their mighty deeds! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So likewise did the ancestors of those<br> + Who evermore, when vacant is your church,<br> + Fatten by staying in consistory. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The insolent race, that like a dragon follows<br> + Whoever flees, and unto him that shows<br> + His teeth or purse is gentle as a lamb, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already rising was, but from low people;<br> + So that it pleased not Ubertin Donato<br> + That his wife’s father should make him their kin. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already had Caponsacco to the Market<br> + From Fesole descended, and already<br> + Giuda and Infangato were good burghers. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I’ll tell a thing incredible, but true;<br> + One entered the small circuit by a gate<br> + Which from the Della Pera took its name! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each one that bears the beautiful escutcheon<br> + Of the great baron whose renown and name<br> + The festival of Thomas keepeth fresh, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Knighthood and privilege from him received;<br> + Though with the populace unites himself<br> + To-day the man who binds it with a border. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already were Gualterotti and Importuni;<br> + And still more quiet would the Borgo be<br> + If with new neighbours it remained unfed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The house from which is born your lamentation,<br> + Through just disdain that death among you brought<br> + And put an end unto your joyous life, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Was honoured in itself and its companions.<br> + O Buondelmonte, how in evil hour<br> + Thou fled’st the bridal at another’s promptings! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Many would be rejoicing who are sad,<br> + If God had thee surrendered to the Ema<br> + The first time that thou camest to the city. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But it behoved the mutilated stone<br> + Which guards the bridge, that Florence should provide<br> + A victim in her latest hour of peace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With all these families, and others with them,<br> + Florence beheld I in so great repose,<br> + That no occasion had she whence to weep; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With all these families beheld so just<br> + And glorious her people, that the lily<br> + Never upon the spear was placed reversed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor by division was vermilion made.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XVII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XVII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +As came to Clymene, to be made certain<br> + Of that which he had heard against himself,<br> + He who makes fathers chary still to children, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even such was I, and such was I perceived<br> + By Beatrice and by the holy light<br> + That first on my account had changed its place. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore my Lady said to me: “Send forth<br> + The flame of thy desire, so that it issue<br> + Imprinted well with the internal stamp; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not that our knowledge may be greater made<br> + By speech of thine, but to accustom thee<br> + To tell thy thirst, that we may give thee drink.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O my beloved tree, (that so dost lift thee,<br> + That even as minds terrestrial perceive<br> + No triangle containeth two obtuse, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So thou beholdest the contingent things<br> + Ere in themselves they are, fixing thine eyes<br> + Upon the point in which all times are present,) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While I was with Virgilius conjoined<br> + Upon the mountain that the souls doth heal,<br> + And when descending into the dead world, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Were spoken to me of my future life<br> + Some grievous words; although I feel myself<br> + In sooth foursquare against the blows of chance. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On this account my wish would be content<br> + To hear what fortune is approaching me,<br> + Because foreseen an arrow comes more slowly.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did I say unto that selfsame light<br> + That unto me had spoken before; and even<br> + As Beatrice willed was my own will confessed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not in vague phrase, in which the foolish folk<br> + Ensnared themselves of old, ere yet was slain<br> + The Lamb of God who taketh sins away, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But with clear words and unambiguous<br> + Language responded that paternal love,<br> + Hid and revealed by its own proper smile: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Contingency, that outside of the volume<br> + Of your materiality extends not,<br> + Is all depicted in the eternal aspect. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Necessity however thence it takes not,<br> + Except as from the eye, in which ’tis mirrored,<br> + A ship that with the current down descends. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From thence, e’en as there cometh to the ear<br> + Sweet harmony from an organ, comes in sight<br> + To me the time that is preparing for thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As forth from Athens went Hippolytus,<br> + By reason of his step-dame false and cruel,<br> + So thou from Florence must perforce depart. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already this is willed, and this is sought for;<br> + And soon it shall be done by him who thinks it,<br> + Where every day the Christ is bought and sold. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The blame shall follow the offended party<br> + In outcry as is usual; but the vengeance<br> + Shall witness to the truth that doth dispense it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou shalt abandon everything beloved<br> + Most tenderly, and this the arrow is<br> + Which first the bow of banishment shoots forth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou shalt have proof how savoureth of salt<br> + The bread of others, and how hard a road<br> + The going down and up another’s stairs. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that which most shall weigh upon thy shoulders<br> + Will be the bad and foolish company<br> + With which into this valley thou shalt fall; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For all ingrate, all mad and impious<br> + Will they become against thee; but soon after<br> + They, and not thou, shall have the forehead scarlet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of their bestiality their own proceedings<br> + Shall furnish proof; so ’twill be well for thee<br> + A party to have made thee by thyself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thine earliest refuge and thine earliest inn<br> + Shall be the mighty Lombard’s courtesy,<br> + Who on the Ladder bears the holy bird, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who such benign regard shall have for thee<br> + That ’twixt you twain, in doing and in asking,<br> + That shall be first which is with others last. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With him shalt thou see one who at his birth<br> + Has by this star of strength been so impressed,<br> + That notable shall his achievements be. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not yet the people are aware of him<br> + Through his young age, since only nine years yet<br> + Around about him have these wheels revolved. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But ere the Gascon cheat the noble Henry,<br> + Some sparkles of his virtue shall appear<br> + In caring not for silver nor for toil. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So recognized shall his magnificence<br> + Become hereafter, that his enemies<br> + Will not have power to keep mute tongues about it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On him rely, and on his benefits;<br> + By him shall many people be transformed,<br> + Changing condition rich and mendicant; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And written in thy mind thou hence shalt bear<br> + Of him, but shalt not say it”—and things said he<br> + Incredible to those who shall be present. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then added: “Son, these are the commentaries<br> + On what was said to thee; behold the snares<br> + That are concealed behind few revolutions; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Yet would I not thy neighbours thou shouldst envy,<br> + Because thy life into the future reaches<br> + Beyond the punishment of their perfidies.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When by its silence showed that sainted soul<br> + That it had finished putting in the woof<br> + Into that web which I had given it warped, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Began I, even as he who yearneth after,<br> + Being in doubt, some counsel from a person<br> + Who seeth, and uprightly wills, and loves: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Well see I, father mine, how spurreth on<br> + The time towards me such a blow to deal me<br> + As heaviest is to him who most gives way. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore with foresight it is well I arm me,<br> + That, if the dearest place be taken from me,<br> + I may not lose the others by my songs. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Down through the world of infinite bitterness,<br> + And o’er the mountain, from whose beauteous summit<br> + The eyes of my own Lady lifted me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And afterward through heaven from light to light,<br> + I have learned that which, if I tell again,<br> + Will be a savour of strong herbs to many. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if I am a timid friend to truth,<br> + I fear lest I may lose my life with those<br> + Who will hereafter call this time the olden.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The light in which was smiling my own treasure<br> + Which there I had discovered, flashed at first<br> + As in the sunshine doth a golden mirror; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then made reply: “A conscience overcast<br> + Or with its own or with another’s shame,<br> + Will taste forsooth the tartness of thy word; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But ne’ertheless, all falsehood laid aside,<br> + Make manifest thy vision utterly,<br> + And let them scratch wherever is the itch; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For if thine utterance shall offensive be<br> + At the first taste, a vital nutriment<br> + ’Twill leave thereafter, when it is digested. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This cry of thine shall do as doth the wind,<br> + Which smiteth most the most exalted summits,<br> + And that is no slight argument of honour. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore are shown to thee within these wheels,<br> + Upon the mount and in the dolorous valley,<br> + Only the souls that unto fame are known; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because the spirit of the hearer rests not,<br> + Nor doth confirm its faith by an example<br> + Which has the root of it unknown and hidden, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Or other reason that is not apparent.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XVIII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XVIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now was alone rejoicing in its word<br> + That soul beatified, and I was tasting<br> + My own, the bitter tempering with the sweet, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the Lady who to God was leading me<br> + Said: “Change thy thought; consider that I am<br> + Near unto Him who every wrong disburdens.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto the loving accents of my comfort<br> + I turned me round, and then what love I saw<br> + Within those holy eyes I here relinquish; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not only that my language I distrust,<br> + But that my mind cannot return so far<br> + Above itself, unless another guide it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus much upon that point can I repeat,<br> + That, her again beholding, my affection<br> + From every other longing was released. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While the eternal pleasure, which direct<br> + Rayed upon Beatrice, from her fair face<br> + Contented me with its reflected aspect, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Conquering me with the radiance of a smile,<br> + She said to me, “Turn thee about and listen;<br> + Not in mine eyes alone is Paradise.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as sometimes here do we behold<br> + The affection in the look, if it be such<br> + That all the soul is wrapt away by it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So, by the flaming of the effulgence holy<br> + To which I turned, I recognized therein<br> + The wish of speaking to me somewhat farther. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And it began: “In this fifth resting-place<br> + Upon the tree that liveth by its summit,<br> + And aye bears fruit, and never loses leaf, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Are blessed spirits that below, ere yet<br> + They came to Heaven, were of such great renown<br> + That every Muse therewith would affluent be. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore look thou upon the cross’s horns;<br> + He whom I now shall name will there enact<br> + What doth within a cloud its own swift fire.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw athwart the Cross a splendour drawn<br> + By naming Joshua, (even as he did it,)<br> + Nor noted I the word before the deed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And at the name of the great Maccabee<br> + I saw another move itself revolving,<br> + And gladness was the whip unto that top. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Likewise for Charlemagne and for Orlando,<br> + Two of them my regard attentive followed<br> + As followeth the eye its falcon flying. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +William thereafterward, and Renouard,<br> + And the Duke Godfrey, did attract my sight<br> + Along upon that Cross, and Robert Guiscard. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then, moved and mingled with the other lights,<br> + The soul that had addressed me showed how great<br> + An artist ’twas among the heavenly singers. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To my right side I turned myself around,<br> + My duty to behold in Beatrice<br> + Either by words or gesture signified; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And so translucent I beheld her eyes,<br> + So full of pleasure, that her countenance<br> + Surpassed its other and its latest wont. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as, by feeling greater delectation,<br> + A man in doing good from day to day<br> + Becomes aware his virtue is increasing, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So I became aware that my gyration<br> + With heaven together had increased its arc,<br> + That miracle beholding more adorned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And such as is the change, in little lapse<br> + Of time, in a pale woman, when her face<br> + Is from the load of bashfulness unladen, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such was it in mine eyes, when I had turned,<br> + Caused by the whiteness of the temperate star,<br> + The sixth, which to itself had gathered me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within that Jovial torch did I behold<br> + The sparkling of the love which was therein<br> + Delineate our language to mine eyes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as birds uprisen from the shore,<br> + As in congratulation o’er their food,<br> + Make squadrons of themselves, now round, now long, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So from within those lights the holy creatures<br> + Sang flying to and fro, and in their figures<br> + Made of themselves now D, now I, now L. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +First singing they to their own music moved;<br> + Then one becoming of these characters,<br> + A little while they rested and were silent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O divine Pegasea, thou who genius<br> + Dost glorious make, and render it long-lived,<br> + And this through thee the cities and the kingdoms, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Illume me with thyself, that I may bring<br> + Their figures out as I have them conceived!<br> + Apparent be thy power in these brief verses! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Themselves then they displayed in five times seven<br> + Vowels and consonants; and I observed<br> + The parts as they seemed spoken unto me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Diligite justitiam,’ these were<br> + First verb and noun of all that was depicted;<br> + ‘Qui judicatis terram’ were the last. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter in the M of the fifth word<br> + Remained they so arranged, that Jupiter<br> + Seemed to be silver there with gold inlaid. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And other lights I saw descend where was<br> + The summit of the M, and pause there singing<br> + The good, I think, that draws them to itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then, as in striking upon burning logs<br> + Upward there fly innumerable sparks,<br> + Whence fools are wont to look for auguries, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More than a thousand lights seemed thence to rise,<br> + And to ascend, some more, and others less,<br> + Even as the Sun that lights them had allotted; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, each one being quiet in its place,<br> + The head and neck beheld I of an eagle<br> + Delineated by that inlaid fire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who there paints has none to be his guide;<br> + But Himself guides; and is from Him remembered<br> + That virtue which is form unto the nest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other beatitude, that contented seemed<br> + At first to bloom a lily on the M,<br> + By a slight motion followed out the imprint. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O gentle star! what and how many gems<br> + Did demonstrate to me, that all our justice<br> + Effect is of that heaven which thou ingemmest! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore I pray the Mind, in which begin<br> + Thy motion and thy virtue, to regard<br> + Whence comes the smoke that vitiates thy rays; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that a second time it now be wroth<br> + With buying and with selling in the temple<br> + Whose walls were built with signs and martyrdoms! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O soldiery of heaven, whom I contemplate,<br> + Implore for those who are upon the earth<br> + All gone astray after the bad example! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Once ’twas the custom to make war with swords;<br> + But now ’tis made by taking here and there<br> + The bread the pitying Father shuts from none. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Yet thou, who writest but to cancel, think<br> + That Peter and that Paul, who for this vineyard<br> + Which thou art spoiling died, are still alive! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well canst thou say: “So steadfast my desire<br> + Is unto him who willed to live alone,<br> + And for a dance was led to martyrdom, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That I know not the Fisherman nor Paul.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XIX"></a>Paradiso: Canto XIX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Appeared before me with its wings outspread<br> + The beautiful image that in sweet fruition<br> + Made jubilant the interwoven souls; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Appeared a little ruby each, wherein<br> + Ray of the sun was burning so enkindled<br> + That each into mine eyes refracted it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And what it now behoves me to retrace<br> + Nor voice has e’er reported, nor ink written,<br> + Nor was by fantasy e’er comprehended; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For speak I saw, and likewise heard, the beak,<br> + And utter with its voice both ‘I’ and ‘My,’<br> + When in conception it was ‘We’ and ‘Our.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And it began: “Being just and merciful<br> + Am I exalted here unto that glory<br> + Which cannot be exceeded by desire; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And upon earth I left my memory<br> + Such, that the evil-minded people there<br> + Commend it, but continue not the story.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So doth a single heat from many embers<br> + Make itself felt, even as from many loves<br> + Issued a single sound from out that image. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence I thereafter: “O perpetual flowers<br> + Of the eternal joy, that only one<br> + Make me perceive your odours manifold, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Exhaling, break within me the great fast<br> + Which a long season has in hunger held me,<br> + Not finding for it any food on earth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well do I know, that if in heaven its mirror<br> + Justice Divine another realm doth make,<br> + Yours apprehends it not through any veil. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +You know how I attentively address me<br> + To listen; and you know what is the doubt<br> + That is in me so very old a fast.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a falcon, issuing from his hood,<br> + Doth move his head, and with his wings applaud him,<br> + Showing desire, and making himself fine, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Saw I become that standard, which of lauds<br> + Was interwoven of the grace divine,<br> + With such songs as he knows who there rejoices. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then it began: “He who a compass turned<br> + On the world’s outer verge, and who within it<br> + Devised so much occult and manifest, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Could not the impress of his power so make<br> + On all the universe, as that his Word<br> + Should not remain in infinite excess. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this makes certain that the first proud being,<br> + Who was the paragon of every creature,<br> + By not awaiting light fell immature. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And hence appears it, that each minor nature<br> + Is scant receptacle unto that good<br> + Which has no end, and by itself is measured. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In consequence our vision, which perforce<br> + Must be some ray of that intelligence<br> + With which all things whatever are replete, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Cannot in its own nature be so potent,<br> + That it shall not its origin discern<br> + Far beyond that which is apparent to it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore into the justice sempiternal<br> + The power of vision that your world receives,<br> + As eye into the ocean, penetrates; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Which, though it see the bottom near the shore,<br> + Upon the deep perceives it not, and yet<br> + ’Tis there, but it is hidden by the depth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There is no light but comes from the serene<br> + That never is o’ercast, nay, it is darkness<br> + Or shadow of the flesh, or else its poison. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Amply to thee is opened now the cavern<br> + Which has concealed from thee the living justice<br> + Of which thou mad’st such frequent questioning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For saidst thou: ‘Born a man is on the shore<br> + Of Indus, and is none who there can speak<br> + Of Christ, nor who can read, nor who can write; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And all his inclinations and his actions<br> + Are good, so far as human reason sees,<br> + Without a sin in life or in discourse: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He dieth unbaptised and without faith;<br> + Where is this justice that condemneth him?<br> + Where is his fault, if he do not believe?’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now who art thou, that on the bench wouldst sit<br> + In judgment at a thousand miles away,<br> + With the short vision of a single span? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truly to him who with me subtilizes,<br> + If so the Scripture were not over you,<br> + For doubting there were marvellous occasion. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O animals terrene, O stolid minds,<br> + The primal will, that in itself is good,<br> + Ne’er from itself, the Good Supreme, has moved. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So much is just as is accordant with it;<br> + No good created draws it to itself,<br> + But it, by raying forth, occasions that.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as above her nest goes circling round<br> + The stork when she has fed her little ones,<br> + And he who has been fed looks up at her, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So lifted I my brows, and even such<br> + Became the blessed image, which its wings<br> + Was moving, by so many counsels urged. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Circling around it sang, and said: “As are<br> + My notes to thee, who dost not comprehend them,<br> + Such is the eternal judgment to you mortals.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those lucent splendours of the Holy Spirit<br> + Grew quiet then, but still within the standard<br> + That made the Romans reverend to the world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It recommenced: “Unto this kingdom never<br> + Ascended one who had not faith in Christ,<br> + Before or since he to the tree was nailed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But look thou, many crying are, ‘Christ, Christ!’<br> + Who at the judgment shall be far less near<br> + To him than some shall be who knew not Christ. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such Christians shall the Ethiop condemn,<br> + When the two companies shall be divided,<br> + The one for ever rich, the other poor. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What to your kings may not the Persians say,<br> + When they that volume opened shall behold<br> + In which are written down all their dispraises? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There shall be seen, among the deeds of Albert,<br> + That which ere long shall set the pen in motion,<br> + For which the realm of Prague shall be deserted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There shall be seen the woe that on the Seine<br> + He brings by falsifying of the coin,<br> + Who by the blow of a wild boar shall die. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There shall be seen the pride that causes thirst,<br> + Which makes the Scot and Englishman so mad<br> + That they within their boundaries cannot rest; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Be seen the luxury and effeminate life<br> + Of him of Spain, and the Bohemian,<br> + Who valour never knew and never wished; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Be seen the Cripple of Jerusalem,<br> + His goodness represented by an I,<br> + While the reverse an M shall represent; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Be seen the avarice and poltroonery<br> + Of him who guards the Island of the Fire,<br> + Wherein Anchises finished his long life; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to declare how pitiful he is<br> + Shall be his record in contracted letters<br> + Which shall make note of much in little space. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And shall appear to each one the foul deeds<br> + Of uncle and of brother who a nation<br> + So famous have dishonoured, and two crowns. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he of Portugal and he of Norway<br> + Shall there be known, and he of Rascia too,<br> + Who saw in evil hour the coin of Venice. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O happy Hungary, if she let herself<br> + Be wronged no farther! and Navarre the happy,<br> + If with the hills that gird her she be armed! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And each one may believe that now, as hansel<br> + Thereof, do Nicosia and Famagosta<br> + Lament and rage because of their own beast, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who from the others’ flank departeth not.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XX"></a>Paradiso: Canto XX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +When he who all the world illuminates<br> + Out of our hemisphere so far descends<br> + That on all sides the daylight is consumed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The heaven, that erst by him alone was kindled,<br> + Doth suddenly reveal itself again<br> + By many lights, wherein is one resplendent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And came into my mind this act of heaven,<br> + When the ensign of the world and of its leaders<br> + Had silent in the blessed beak become; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because those living luminaries all,<br> + By far more luminous, did songs begin<br> + Lapsing and falling from my memory. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O gentle Love, that with a smile dost cloak thee,<br> + How ardent in those sparks didst thou appear,<br> + That had the breath alone of holy thoughts! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the precious and pellucid crystals,<br> + With which begemmed the sixth light I beheld,<br> + Silence imposed on the angelic bells, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I seemed to hear the murmuring of a river<br> + That clear descendeth down from rock to rock,<br> + Showing the affluence of its mountain-top. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as the sound upon the cithern’s neck<br> + Taketh its form, and as upon the vent<br> + Of rustic pipe the wind that enters it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus, relieved from the delay of waiting,<br> + That murmuring of the eagle mounted up<br> + Along its neck, as if it had been hollow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There it became a voice, and issued thence<br> + From out its beak, in such a form of words<br> + As the heart waited for wherein I wrote them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The part in me which sees and bears the sun<br> + In mortal eagles,” it began to me,<br> + “Now fixedly must needs be looked upon; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For of the fires of which I make my figure,<br> + Those whence the eye doth sparkle in my head<br> + Of all their orders the supremest are. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who is shining in the midst as pupil<br> + Was once the singer of the Holy Spirit,<br> + Who bore the ark from city unto city; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now knoweth he the merit of his song,<br> + In so far as effect of his own counsel,<br> + By the reward which is commensurate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of five, that make a circle for my brow,<br> + He that approacheth nearest to my beak<br> + Did the poor widow for her son console; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now knoweth he how dearly it doth cost<br> + Not following Christ, by the experience<br> + Of this sweet life and of its opposite. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who comes next in the circumference<br> + Of which I speak, upon its highest arc,<br> + Did death postpone by penitence sincere; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now knoweth he that the eternal judgment<br> + Suffers no change, albeit worthy prayer<br> + Maketh below to-morrow of to-day. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The next who follows, with the laws and me,<br> + Under the good intent that bore bad fruit<br> + Became a Greek by ceding to the pastor; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now knoweth he how all the ill deduced<br> + From his good action is not harmful to him,<br> + Although the world thereby may be destroyed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he, whom in the downward arc thou seest,<br> + Guglielmo was, whom the same land deplores<br> + That weepeth Charles and Frederick yet alive; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now knoweth he how heaven enamoured is<br> + With a just king; and in the outward show<br> + Of his effulgence he reveals it still. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who would believe, down in the errant world,<br> + That e’er the Trojan Ripheus in this round<br> + Could be the fifth one of the holy lights? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now knoweth he enough of what the world<br> + Has not the power to see of grace divine,<br> + Although his sight may not discern the bottom.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Like as a lark that in the air expatiates,<br> + First singing and then silent with content<br> + Of the last sweetness that doth satisfy her, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such seemed to me the image of the imprint<br> + Of the eternal pleasure, by whose will<br> + Doth everything become the thing it is. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And notwithstanding to my doubt I was<br> + As glass is to the colour that invests it,<br> + To wait the time in silence it endured not, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But forth from out my mouth, “What things are these?”<br> + Extorted with the force of its own weight;<br> + Whereat I saw great joy of coruscation. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafterward with eye still more enkindled<br> + The blessed standard made to me reply,<br> + To keep me not in wonderment suspended: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I see that thou believest in these things<br> + Because I say them, but thou seest not how;<br> + So that, although believed in, they are hidden. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou doest as he doth who a thing by name<br> + Well apprehendeth, but its quiddity<br> + Cannot perceive, unless another show it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Regnum coelorum’ suffereth violence<br> + From fervent love, and from that living hope<br> + That overcometh the Divine volition; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not in the guise that man o’ercometh man,<br> + But conquers it because it will be conquered,<br> + And conquered conquers by benignity. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The first life of the eyebrow and the fifth<br> + Cause thee astonishment, because with them<br> + Thou seest the region of the angels painted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They passed not from their bodies, as thou thinkest,<br> + Gentiles, but Christians in the steadfast faith<br> + Of feet that were to suffer and had suffered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For one from Hell, where no one e’er turns back<br> + Unto good will, returned unto his bones,<br> + And that of living hope was the reward,— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of living hope, that placed its efficacy<br> + In prayers to God made to resuscitate him,<br> + So that ’twere possible to move his will. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The glorious soul concerning which I speak,<br> + Returning to the flesh, where brief its stay,<br> + Believed in Him who had the power to aid it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And, in believing, kindled to such fire<br> + Of genuine love, that at the second death<br> + Worthy it was to come unto this joy. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The other one, through grace, that from so deep<br> + A fountain wells that never hath the eye<br> + Of any creature reached its primal wave, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Set all his love below on righteousness;<br> + Wherefore from grace to grace did God unclose<br> + His eye to our redemption yet to be, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence he believed therein, and suffered not<br> + From that day forth the stench of paganism,<br> + And he reproved therefor the folk perverse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those Maidens three, whom at the right-hand wheel<br> + Thou didst behold, were unto him for baptism<br> + More than a thousand years before baptizing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O thou predestination, how remote<br> + Thy root is from the aspect of all those<br> + Who the First Cause do not behold entire! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And you, O mortals! hold yourselves restrained<br> + In judging; for ourselves, who look on God,<br> + We do not know as yet all the elect; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And sweet to us is such a deprivation,<br> + Because our good in this good is made perfect,<br> + That whatsoe’er God wills, we also will.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After this manner by that shape divine,<br> + To make clear in me my short-sightedness,<br> + Was given to me a pleasant medicine; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as good singer a good lutanist<br> + Accompanies with vibrations of the chords,<br> + Whereby more pleasantness the song acquires, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So, while it spake, do I remember me<br> + That I beheld both of those blessed lights,<br> + Even as the winking of the eyes concords, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Moving unto the words their little flames. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXI"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Already on my Lady’s face mine eyes<br> + Again were fastened, and with these my mind,<br> + And from all other purpose was withdrawn; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she smiled not; but “If I were to smile,”<br> + She unto me began, “thou wouldst become<br> + Like Semele, when she was turned to ashes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because my beauty, that along the stairs<br> + Of the eternal palace more enkindles,<br> + As thou hast seen, the farther we ascend, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If it were tempered not, is so resplendent<br> + That all thy mortal power in its effulgence<br> + Would seem a leaflet that the thunder crushes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +We are uplifted to the seventh splendour,<br> + That underneath the burning Lion’s breast<br> + Now radiates downward mingled with his power. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Fix in direction of thine eyes the mind,<br> + And make of them a mirror for the figure<br> + That in this mirror shall appear to thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who could know what was the pasturage<br> + My sight had in that blessed countenance,<br> + When I transferred me to another care, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Would recognize how grateful was to me<br> + Obedience unto my celestial escort,<br> + By counterpoising one side with the other. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within the crystal which, around the world<br> + Revolving, bears the name of its dear leader,<br> + Under whom every wickedness lay dead, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Coloured like gold, on which the sunshine gleams,<br> + A stairway I beheld to such a height<br> + Uplifted, that mine eye pursued it not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Likewise beheld I down the steps descending<br> + So many splendours, that I thought each light<br> + That in the heaven appears was there diffused. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as accordant with their natural custom<br> + The rooks together at the break of day<br> + Bestir themselves to warm their feathers cold; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then some of them fly off without return,<br> + Others come back to where they started from,<br> + And others, wheeling round, still keep at home; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such fashion it appeared to me was there<br> + Within the sparkling that together came,<br> + As soon as on a certain step it struck, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that which nearest unto us remained<br> + Became so clear, that in my thought I said,<br> + “Well I perceive the love thou showest me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But she, from whom I wait the how and when<br> + Of speech and silence, standeth still; whence I<br> + Against desire do well if I ask not.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +She thereupon, who saw my silentness<br> + In the sight of Him who seeth everything,<br> + Said unto me, “Let loose thy warm desire.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I began: “No merit of my own<br> + Renders me worthy of response from thee;<br> + But for her sake who granteth me the asking, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou blessed life that dost remain concealed<br> + In thy beatitude, make known to me<br> + The cause which draweth thee so near my side; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And tell me why is silent in this wheel<br> + The dulcet symphony of Paradise,<br> + That through the rest below sounds so devoutly.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thou hast thy hearing mortal as thy sight,”<br> + It answer made to me; “they sing not here,<br> + For the same cause that Beatrice has not smiled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus far adown the holy stairway’s steps<br> + Have I descended but to give thee welcome<br> + With words, and with the light that mantles me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor did more love cause me to be more ready,<br> + For love as much and more up there is burning,<br> + As doth the flaming manifest to thee. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But the high charity, that makes us servants<br> + Prompt to the counsel which controls the world,<br> + Allotteth here, even as thou dost observe.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I see full well,” said I, “O sacred lamp!<br> + How love unfettered in this court sufficeth<br> + To follow the eternal Providence; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But this is what seems hard for me to see,<br> + Wherefore predestinate wast thou alone<br> + Unto this office from among thy consorts.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No sooner had I come to the last word,<br> + Than of its middle made the light a centre,<br> + Whirling itself about like a swift millstone. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When answer made the love that was therein:<br> + “On me directed is a light divine,<br> + Piercing through this in which I am embosomed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of which the virtue with my sight conjoined<br> + Lifts me above myself so far, I see<br> + The supreme essence from which this is drawn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence comes the joyfulness with which I flame,<br> + For to my sight, as far as it is clear,<br> + The clearness of the flame I equal make. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But that soul in the heaven which is most pure,<br> + That seraph which his eye on God most fixes,<br> + Could this demand of thine not satisfy; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because so deeply sinks in the abyss<br> + Of the eternal statute what thou askest,<br> + From all created sight it is cut off. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And to the mortal world, when thou returnest,<br> + This carry back, that it may not presume<br> + Longer tow’rd such a goal to move its feet. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The mind, that shineth here, on earth doth smoke;<br> + From this observe how can it do below<br> + That which it cannot though the heaven assume it?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such limit did its words prescribe to me,<br> + The question I relinquished, and restricted<br> + Myself to ask it humbly who it was. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Between two shores of Italy rise cliffs,<br> + And not far distant from thy native place,<br> + So high, the thunders far below them sound, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And form a ridge that Catria is called,<br> + ’Neath which is consecrate a hermitage<br> + Wont to be dedicate to worship only.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus unto me the third speech recommenced,<br> + And then, continuing, it said: “Therein<br> + Unto God’s service I became so steadfast, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That feeding only on the juice of olives<br> + Lightly I passed away the heats and frosts,<br> + Contented in my thoughts contemplative. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That cloister used to render to these heavens<br> + Abundantly, and now is empty grown,<br> + So that perforce it soon must be revealed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I in that place was Peter Damiano;<br> + And Peter the Sinner was I in the house<br> + Of Our Lady on the Adriatic shore. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Little of mortal life remained to me,<br> + When I was called and dragged forth to the hat<br> + Which shifteth evermore from bad to worse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Came Cephas, and the mighty Vessel came<br> + Of the Holy Spirit, meagre and barefooted,<br> + Taking the food of any hostelry. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now some one to support them on each side<br> + The modern shepherds need, and some to lead them,<br> + So heavy are they, and to hold their trains. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They cover up their palfreys with their cloaks,<br> + So that two beasts go underneath one skin;<br> + O Patience, that dost tolerate so much!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +At this voice saw I many little flames<br> + From step to step descending and revolving,<br> + And every revolution made them fairer. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Round about this one came they and stood still,<br> + And a cry uttered of so loud a sound,<br> + It here could find no parallel, nor I +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Distinguished it, the thunder so o’ercame me. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Oppressed with stupor, I unto my guide<br> + Turned like a little child who always runs<br> + For refuge there where he confideth most; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she, even as a mother who straightway<br> + Gives comfort to her pale and breathless boy<br> + With voice whose wont it is to reassure him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Said to me: “Knowest thou not thou art in heaven,<br> + And knowest thou not that heaven is holy all<br> + And what is done here cometh from good zeal? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After what wise the singing would have changed thee<br> + And I by smiling, thou canst now imagine,<br> + Since that the cry has startled thee so much, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In which if thou hadst understood its prayers<br> + Already would be known to thee the vengeance<br> + Which thou shalt look upon before thou diest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The sword above here smiteth not in haste<br> + Nor tardily, howe’er it seem to him<br> + Who fearing or desiring waits for it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But turn thee round towards the others now,<br> + For very illustrious spirits shalt thou see,<br> + If thou thy sight directest as I say.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As it seemed good to her mine eyes I turned,<br> + And saw a hundred spherules that together<br> + With mutual rays each other more embellished. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I stood as one who in himself represses<br> + The point of his desire, and ventures not<br> + To question, he so feareth the too much. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And now the largest and most luculent<br> + Among those pearls came forward, that it might<br> + Make my desire concerning it content. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within it then I heard: “If thou couldst see<br> + Even as myself the charity that burns<br> + Among us, thy conceits would be expressed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But, that by waiting thou mayst not come late<br> + To the high end, I will make answer even<br> + Unto the thought of which thou art so chary. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That mountain on whose slope Cassino stands<br> + Was frequented of old upon its summit<br> + By a deluded folk and ill-disposed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I am he who first up thither bore<br> + The name of Him who brought upon the earth<br> + The truth that so much sublimateth us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And such abundant grace upon me shone<br> + That all the neighbouring towns I drew away<br> + From the impious worship that seduced the world. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These other fires, each one of them, were men<br> + Contemplative, enkindled by that heat<br> + Which maketh holy flowers and fruits spring up. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here is Macarius, here is Romualdus,<br> + Here are my brethren, who within the cloisters<br> + Their footsteps stayed and kept a steadfast heart.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to him: “The affection which thou showest<br> + Speaking with me, and the good countenance<br> + Which I behold and note in all your ardours, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In me have so my confidence dilated<br> + As the sun doth the rose, when it becomes<br> + As far unfolded as it hath the power. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore I pray, and thou assure me, father,<br> + If I may so much grace receive, that I<br> + May thee behold with countenance unveiled.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He thereupon: “Brother, thy high desire<br> + In the remotest sphere shall be fulfilled,<br> + Where are fulfilled all others and my own. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There perfect is, and ripened, and complete,<br> + Every desire; within that one alone<br> + Is every part where it has always been; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For it is not in space, nor turns on poles,<br> + And unto it our stairway reaches up,<br> + Whence thus from out thy sight it steals away. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Up to that height the Patriarch Jacob saw it<br> + Extending its supernal part, what time<br> + So thronged with angels it appeared to him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But to ascend it now no one uplifts<br> + His feet from off the earth, and now my Rule<br> + Below remaineth for mere waste of paper. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The walls that used of old to be an Abbey<br> + Are changed to dens of robbers, and the cowls<br> + Are sacks filled full of miserable flour. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But heavy usury is not taken up<br> + So much against God’s pleasure as that fruit<br> + Which maketh so insane the heart of monks; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For whatsoever hath the Church in keeping<br> + Is for the folk that ask it in God’s name,<br> + Not for one’s kindred or for something worse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The flesh of mortals is so very soft,<br> + That good beginnings down below suffice not<br> + From springing of the oak to bearing acorns. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Peter began with neither gold nor silver,<br> + And I with orison and abstinence,<br> + And Francis with humility his convent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if thou lookest at each one’s beginning,<br> + And then regardest whither he has run,<br> + Thou shalt behold the white changed into brown. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In verity the Jordan backward turned,<br> + And the sea’s fleeing, when God willed were more<br> + A wonder to behold, than succour here.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus unto me he said; and then withdrew<br> + To his own band, and the band closed together;<br> + Then like a whirlwind all was upward rapt. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The gentle Lady urged me on behind them<br> + Up o’er that stairway by a single sign,<br> + So did her virtue overcome my nature; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor here below, where one goes up and down<br> + By natural law, was motion e’er so swift<br> + That it could be compared unto my wing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Reader, as I may unto that devout<br> + Triumph return, on whose account I often<br> + For my transgressions weep and beat my breast,— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou hadst not thrust thy finger in the fire<br> + And drawn it out again, before I saw<br> + The sign that follows Taurus, and was in it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O glorious stars, O light impregnated<br> + With mighty virtue, from which I acknowledge<br> + All of my genius, whatsoe’er it be, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With you was born, and hid himself with you,<br> + He who is father of all mortal life,<br> + When first I tasted of the Tuscan air; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then when grace was freely given to me<br> + To enter the high wheel which turns you round,<br> + Your region was allotted unto me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To you devoutly at this hour my soul<br> + Is sighing, that it virtue may acquire<br> + For the stern pass that draws it to itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thou art so near unto the last salvation,”<br> + Thus Beatrice began, “thou oughtest now<br> + To have thine eves unclouded and acute; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And therefore, ere thou enter farther in,<br> + Look down once more, and see how vast a world<br> + Thou hast already put beneath thy feet; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that thy heart, as jocund as it may,<br> + Present itself to the triumphant throng<br> + That comes rejoicing through this rounded ether.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I with my sight returned through one and all<br> + The sevenfold spheres, and I beheld this globe<br> + Such that I smiled at its ignoble semblance; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that opinion I approve as best<br> + Which doth account it least; and he who thinks<br> + Of something else may truly be called just. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw the daughter of Latona shining<br> + Without that shadow, which to me was cause<br> + That once I had believed her rare and dense. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The aspect of thy son, Hyperion,<br> + Here I sustained, and saw how move themselves<br> + Around and near him Maia and Dione. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thence there appeared the temperateness of Jove<br> + ’Twixt son and father, and to me was clear<br> + The change that of their whereabout they make; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And all the seven made manifest to me<br> + How great they are, and eke how swift they are,<br> + And how they are in distant habitations. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The threshing-floor that maketh us so proud,<br> + To me revolving with the eternal Twins,<br> + Was all apparent made from hill to harbour! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then to the beauteous eyes mine eyes I turned. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXIII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a bird, ’mid the beloved leaves,<br> + Quiet upon the nest of her sweet brood<br> + Throughout the night, that hideth all things from us, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who, that she may behold their longed-for looks<br> + And find the food wherewith to nourish them,<br> + In which, to her, grave labours grateful are, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Anticipates the time on open spray<br> + And with an ardent longing waits the sun,<br> + Gazing intent as soon as breaks the dawn: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus my Lady standing was, erect<br> + And vigilant, turned round towards the zone<br> + Underneath which the sun displays less haste; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that beholding her distraught and wistful,<br> + Such I became as he is who desiring<br> + For something yearns, and hoping is appeased. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But brief the space from one When to the other;<br> + Of my awaiting, say I, and the seeing<br> + The welkin grow resplendent more and more. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Beatrice exclaimed: “Behold the hosts<br> + Of Christ’s triumphal march, and all the fruit<br> + Harvested by the rolling of these spheres!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It seemed to me her face was all aflame;<br> + And eyes she had so full of ecstasy<br> + That I must needs pass on without describing. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As when in nights serene of the full moon<br> + Smiles Trivia among the nymphs eternal<br> + Who paint the firmament through all its gulfs, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Saw I, above the myriads of lamps,<br> + A Sun that one and all of them enkindled,<br> + E’en as our own doth the supernal sights, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And through the living light transparent shone<br> + The lucent substance so intensely clear<br> + Into my sight, that I sustained it not. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Beatrice, thou gentle guide and dear!<br> + To me she said: “What overmasters thee<br> + A virtue is from which naught shields itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There are the wisdom and the omnipotence<br> + That oped the thoroughfares ’twixt heaven and earth,<br> + For which there erst had been so long a yearning.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As fire from out a cloud unlocks itself,<br> + Dilating so it finds not room therein,<br> + And down, against its nature, falls to earth, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So did my mind, among those aliments<br> + Becoming larger, issue from itself,<br> + And that which it became cannot remember. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Open thine eyes, and look at what I am:<br> + Thou hast beheld such things, that strong enough<br> + Hast thou become to tolerate my smile.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I was as one who still retains the feeling<br> + Of a forgotten vision, and endeavours<br> + In vain to bring it back into his mind, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I this invitation heard, deserving<br> + Of so much gratitude, it never fades<br> + Out of the book that chronicles the past. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If at this moment sounded all the tongues<br> + That Polyhymnia and her sisters made<br> + Most lubrical with their delicious milk, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To aid me, to a thousandth of the truth<br> + It would not reach, singing the holy smile<br> + And how the holy aspect it illumed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And therefore, representing Paradise,<br> + The sacred poem must perforce leap over,<br> + Even as a man who finds his way cut off; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But whoso thinketh of the ponderous theme,<br> + And of the mortal shoulder laden with it,<br> + Should blame it not, if under this it tremble. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +It is no passage for a little boat<br> + This which goes cleaving the audacious prow,<br> + Nor for a pilot who would spare himself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Why doth my face so much enamour thee,<br> + That to the garden fair thou turnest not,<br> + Which under the rays of Christ is blossoming? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There is the Rose in which the Word Divine<br> + Became incarnate; there the lilies are<br> + By whose perfume the good way was discovered.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus Beatrice; and I, who to her counsels<br> + Was wholly ready, once again betook me<br> + Unto the battle of the feeble brows. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As in the sunshine, that unsullied streams<br> + Through fractured cloud, ere now a meadow of flowers<br> + Mine eyes with shadow covered o’er have seen, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So troops of splendours manifold I saw<br> + Illumined from above with burning rays,<br> + Beholding not the source of the effulgence. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O power benignant that dost so imprint them!<br> + Thou didst exalt thyself to give more scope<br> + There to mine eyes, that were not strong enough. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The name of that fair flower I e’er invoke<br> + Morning and evening utterly enthralled<br> + My soul to gaze upon the greater fire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And when in both mine eyes depicted were<br> + The glory and greatness of the living star<br> + Which there excelleth, as it here excelled, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Athwart the heavens a little torch descended<br> + Formed in a circle like a coronal,<br> + And cinctured it, and whirled itself about it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whatever melody most sweetly soundeth<br> + On earth, and to itself most draws the soul,<br> + Would seem a cloud that, rent asunder, thunders, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Compared unto the sounding of that lyre<br> + Wherewith was crowned the sapphire beautiful,<br> + Which gives the clearest heaven its sapphire hue. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“I am Angelic Love, that circle round<br> + The joy sublime which breathes from out the womb<br> + That was the hostelry of our Desire; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I shall circle, Lady of Heaven, while<br> + Thou followest thy Son, and mak’st diviner<br> + The sphere supreme, because thou enterest there.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did the circulated melody<br> + Seal itself up; and all the other lights<br> + Were making to resound the name of Mary. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The regal mantle of the volumes all<br> + Of that world, which most fervid is and living<br> + With breath of God and with his works and ways, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Extended over us its inner border,<br> + So very distant, that the semblance of it<br> + There where I was not yet appeared to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore mine eyes did not possess the power<br> + Of following the incoronated flame,<br> + Which mounted upward near to its own seed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as a little child, that towards its mother<br> + Stretches its arms, when it the milk has taken,<br> + Through impulse kindled into outward flame, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each of those gleams of whiteness upward reached<br> + So with its summit, that the deep affection<br> + They had for Mary was revealed to me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter they remained there in my sight,<br> + ‘Regina coeli’ singing with such sweetness,<br> + That ne’er from me has the delight departed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O, what exuberance is garnered up<br> + Within those richest coffers, which had been<br> + Good husbandmen for sowing here below! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There they enjoy and live upon the treasure<br> + Which was acquired while weeping in the exile<br> + Of Babylon, wherein the gold was left. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There triumpheth, beneath the exalted Son<br> + Of God and Mary, in his victory,<br> + Both with the ancient council and the new, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who doth keep the keys of such a glory. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXIV"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXIV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O company elect to the great supper<br> + Of the Lamb benedight, who feedeth you<br> + So that for ever full is your desire, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If by the grace of God this man foretaste<br> + Something of that which falleth from your table,<br> + Or ever death prescribe to him the time, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Direct your mind to his immense desire,<br> + And him somewhat bedew; ye drinking are<br> + For ever at the fount whence comes his thought.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus Beatrice; and those souls beatified<br> + Transformed themselves to spheres on steadfast poles,<br> + Flaming intensely in the guise of comets. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as the wheels in works of horologes<br> + Revolve so that the first to the beholder<br> + Motionless seems, and the last one to fly, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So in like manner did those carols, dancing<br> + In different measure, of their affluence<br> + Give me the gauge, as they were swift or slow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From that one which I noted of most beauty<br> + Beheld I issue forth a fire so happy<br> + That none it left there of a greater brightness; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And around Beatrice three several times<br> + It whirled itself with so divine a song,<br> + My fantasy repeats it not to me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore the pen skips, and I write it not,<br> + Since our imagination for such folds,<br> + Much more our speech, is of a tint too glaring. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O holy sister mine, who us implorest<br> + With such devotion, by thine ardent love<br> + Thou dost unbind me from that beautiful sphere!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter, having stopped, the blessed fire<br> + Unto my Lady did direct its breath,<br> + Which spake in fashion as I here have said. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she: “O light eterne of the great man<br> + To whom our Lord delivered up the keys<br> + He carried down of this miraculous joy, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This one examine on points light and grave,<br> + As good beseemeth thee, about the Faith<br> + By means of which thou on the sea didst walk. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If he love well, and hope well, and believe,<br> + From thee ’tis hid not; for thou hast thy sight<br> + There where depicted everything is seen. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since this kingdom has made citizens<br> + By means of the true Faith, to glorify it<br> + ’Tis well he have the chance to speak thereof.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As baccalaureate arms himself, and speaks not<br> + Until the master doth propose the question,<br> + To argue it, and not to terminate it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So did I arm myself with every reason,<br> + While she was speaking, that I might be ready<br> + For such a questioner and such profession. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Say, thou good Christian; manifest thyself;<br> + What is the Faith?” Whereat I raised my brow<br> + Unto that light wherefrom was this breathed forth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then turned I round to Beatrice, and she<br> + Prompt signals made to me that I should pour<br> + The water forth from my internal fountain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“May grace, that suffers me to make confession,”<br> + Began I, “to the great centurion,<br> + Cause my conceptions all to be explicit!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I continued: “As the truthful pen,<br> + Father, of thy dear brother wrote of it,<br> + Who put with thee Rome into the good way, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Faith is the substance of the things we hope for,<br> + And evidence of those that are not seen;<br> + And this appears to me its quiddity.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then heard I: “Very rightly thou perceivest,<br> + If well thou understandest why he placed it<br> + With substances and then with evidences.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I thereafterward: “The things profound,<br> + That here vouchsafe to me their apparition,<br> + Unto all eyes below are so concealed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That they exist there only in belief,<br> + Upon the which is founded the high hope,<br> + And hence it takes the nature of a substance. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And it behoveth us from this belief<br> + To reason without having other sight,<br> + And hence it has the nature of evidence.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then heard I: “If whatever is acquired<br> + Below by doctrine were thus understood,<br> + No sophist’s subtlety would there find place.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus was breathed forth from that enkindled love;<br> + Then added: “Very well has been gone over<br> + Already of this coin the alloy and weight; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But tell me if thou hast it in thy purse?”<br> + And I: “Yes, both so shining and so round<br> + That in its stamp there is no peradventure.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafter issued from the light profound<br> + That there resplendent was: “This precious jewel,<br> + Upon the which is every virtue founded, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence hadst thou it?” And I: “The large outpouring<br> + Of Holy Spirit, which has been diffused<br> + Upon the ancient parchments and the new, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A syllogism is, which proved it to me<br> + With such acuteness, that, compared therewith,<br> + All demonstration seems to me obtuse.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then I heard: “The ancient and the new<br> + Postulates, that to thee are so conclusive,<br> + Why dost thou take them for the word divine?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “The proofs, which show the truth to me,<br> + Are the works subsequent, whereunto Nature<br> + Ne’er heated iron yet, nor anvil beat.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Twas answered me: “Say, who assureth thee<br> + That those works ever were? the thing itself<br> + That must be proved, nought else to thee affirms it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Were the world to Christianity converted,”<br> + I said, “withouten miracles, this one<br> + Is such, the rest are not its hundredth part; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because that poor and fasting thou didst enter<br> + Into the field to sow there the good plant,<br> + Which was a vine and has become a thorn!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This being finished, the high, holy Court<br> + Resounded through the spheres, “One God we praise!”<br> + In melody that there above is chanted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then that Baron, who from branch to branch,<br> + Examining, had thus conducted me,<br> + Till the extremest leaves we were approaching, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Again began: “The Grace that dallying<br> + Plays with thine intellect thy mouth has opened,<br> + Up to this point, as it should opened be, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that I do approve what forth emerged;<br> + But now thou must express what thou believest,<br> + And whence to thy belief it was presented.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O holy father, spirit who beholdest<br> + What thou believedst so that thou o’ercamest,<br> + Towards the sepulchre, more youthful feet,” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Began I, “thou dost wish me in this place<br> + The form to manifest of my prompt belief,<br> + And likewise thou the cause thereof demandest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I respond: In one God I believe,<br> + Sole and eterne, who moveth all the heavens<br> + With love and with desire, himself unmoved; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of such faith not only have I proofs<br> + Physical and metaphysical, but gives them<br> + Likewise the truth that from this place rains down +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Through Moses, through the Prophets and the Psalms,<br> + Through the Evangel, and through you, who wrote<br> + After the fiery Spirit sanctified you; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In Persons three eterne believe, and these<br> + One essence I believe, so one and trine<br> + They bear conjunction both with ‘sunt’ and ‘est.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With the profound condition and divine<br> + Which now I touch upon, doth stamp my mind<br> + Ofttimes the doctrine evangelical. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This the beginning is, this is the spark<br> + Which afterwards dilates to vivid flame,<br> + And, like a star in heaven, is sparkling in me.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a lord who hears what pleaseth him<br> + His servant straight embraces, gratulating<br> + For the good news as soon as he is silent; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So, giving me its benediction, singing,<br> + Three times encircled me, when I was silent,<br> + The apostolic light, at whose command +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I spoken had, in speaking I so pleased him. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXV"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +If e’er it happen that the Poem Sacred,<br> + To which both heaven and earth have set their hand,<br> + So that it many a year hath made me lean, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O’ercome the cruelty that bars me out<br> + From the fair sheepfold, where a lamb I slumbered,<br> + An enemy to the wolves that war upon it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With other voice forthwith, with other fleece<br> + Poet will I return, and at my font<br> + Baptismal will I take the laurel crown; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because into the Faith that maketh known<br> + All souls to God there entered I, and then<br> + Peter for her sake thus my brow encircled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafterward towards us moved a light<br> + Out of that band whence issued the first-fruits<br> + Which of his vicars Christ behind him left, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then my Lady, full of ecstasy,<br> + Said unto me: “Look, look! behold the Baron<br> + For whom below Galicia is frequented.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In the same way as, when a dove alights<br> + Near his companion, both of them pour forth,<br> + Circling about and murmuring, their affection, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So one beheld I by the other grand<br> + Prince glorified to be with welcome greeted,<br> + Lauding the food that there above is eaten. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But when their gratulations were complete,<br> + Silently ‘coram me’ each one stood still,<br> + So incandescent it o’ercame my sight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Smiling thereafterwards, said Beatrice:<br> + “Illustrious life, by whom the benefactions<br> + Of our Basilica have been described, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Make Hope resound within this altitude;<br> + Thou knowest as oft thou dost personify it<br> + As Jesus to the three gave greater clearness.”— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Lift up thy head, and make thyself assured;<br> + For what comes hither from the mortal world<br> + Must needs be ripened in our radiance.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This comfort came to me from the second fire;<br> + Wherefore mine eyes I lifted to the hills,<br> + Which bent them down before with too great weight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Since, through his grace, our Emperor wills that thou<br> + Shouldst find thee face to face, before thy death,<br> + In the most secret chamber, with his Counts, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that, the truth beholden of this court,<br> + Hope, which below there rightfully enamours,<br> + Thereby thou strengthen in thyself and others, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Say what it is, and how is flowering with it<br> + Thy mind, and say from whence it came to thee.”<br> + Thus did the second light again continue. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the Compassionate, who piloted<br> + The plumage of my wings in such high flight,<br> + Did in reply anticipate me thus: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“No child whatever the Church Militant<br> + Of greater hope possesses, as is written<br> + In that Sun which irradiates all our band; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore it is conceded him from Egypt<br> + To come into Jerusalem to see,<br> + Or ever yet his warfare be completed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The two remaining points, that not for knowledge<br> + Have been demanded, but that he report<br> + How much this virtue unto thee is pleasing, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To him I leave; for hard he will not find them,<br> + Nor of self-praise; and let him answer them;<br> + And may the grace of God in this assist him!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As a disciple, who his teacher follows,<br> + Ready and willing, where he is expert,<br> + That his proficiency may be displayed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Hope,” said I, “is the certain expectation<br> + Of future glory, which is the effect<br> + Of grace divine and merit precedent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From many stars this light comes unto me;<br> + But he instilled it first into my heart<br> + Who was chief singer unto the chief captain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Sperent in te,’ in the high Theody<br> + He sayeth, ‘those who know thy name;’ and who<br> + Knoweth it not, if he my faith possess? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou didst instil me, then, with his instilling<br> + In the Epistle, so that I am full,<br> + And upon others rain again your rain.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +While I was speaking, in the living bosom<br> + Of that combustion quivered an effulgence,<br> + Sudden and frequent, in the guise of lightning; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then breathed: “The love wherewith I am inflamed<br> + Towards the virtue still which followed me<br> + Unto the palm and issue of the field, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wills that I breathe to thee that thou delight<br> + In her; and grateful to me is thy telling<br> + Whatever things Hope promises to thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “The ancient Scriptures and the new<br> + The mark establish, and this shows it me,<br> + Of all the souls whom God hath made his friends. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Isaiah saith, that each one garmented<br> + In his own land shall be with twofold garments,<br> + And his own land is this delightful life. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy brother, too, far more explicitly,<br> + There where he treateth of the robes of white,<br> + This revelation manifests to us.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And first, and near the ending of these words,<br> + “Sperent in te” from over us was heard,<br> + To which responsive answered all the carols. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafterward a light among them brightened,<br> + So that, if Cancer one such crystal had,<br> + Winter would have a month of one sole day. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as uprises, goes, and enters the dance<br> + A winsome maiden, only to do honour<br> + To the new bride, and not from any failing, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus did I behold the brightened splendour<br> + Approach the two, who in a wheel revolved<br> + As was beseeming to their ardent love. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Into the song and music there it entered;<br> + And fixed on them my Lady kept her look,<br> + Even as a bride silent and motionless. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“This is the one who lay upon the breast<br> + Of him our Pelican; and this is he<br> + To the great office from the cross elected.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Lady thus; but therefore none the more<br> + Did move her sight from its attentive gaze<br> + Before or afterward these words of hers. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a man who gazes, and endeavours<br> + To see the eclipsing of the sun a little,<br> + And who, by seeing, sightless doth become, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So I became before that latest fire,<br> + While it was said, “Why dost thou daze thyself<br> + To see a thing which here hath no existence? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Earth in the earth my body is, and shall be<br> + With all the others there, until our number<br> + With the eternal proposition tallies. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With the two garments in the blessed cloister<br> + Are the two lights alone that have ascended:<br> + And this shalt thou take back into your world.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And at this utterance the flaming circle<br> + Grew quiet, with the dulcet intermingling<br> + Of sound that by the trinal breath was made, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As to escape from danger or fatigue<br> + The oars that erst were in the water beaten<br> + Are all suspended at a whistle’s sound. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ah, how much in my mind was I disturbed,<br> + When I turned round to look on Beatrice,<br> + That her I could not see, although I was +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Close at her side and in the Happy World! +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXVI"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXVI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +While I was doubting for my vision quenched,<br> + Out of the flame refulgent that had quenched it<br> + Issued a breathing, that attentive made me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Saying: “While thou recoverest the sense<br> + Of seeing which in me thou hast consumed,<br> + ’Tis well that speaking thou shouldst compensate it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Begin then, and declare to what thy soul<br> + Is aimed, and count it for a certainty,<br> + Sight is in thee bewildered and not dead; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because the Lady, who through this divine<br> + Region conducteth thee, has in her look<br> + The power the hand of Ananias had.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I said: “As pleaseth her, or soon or late<br> + Let the cure come to eyes that portals were<br> + When she with fire I ever burn with entered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Good, that gives contentment to this Court,<br> + The Alpha and Omega is of all<br> + The writing that love reads me low or loud.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The selfsame voice, that taken had from me<br> + The terror of the sudden dazzlement,<br> + To speak still farther put it in my thought; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said: “In verity with finer sieve<br> + Behoveth thee to sift; thee it behoveth<br> + To say who aimed thy bow at such a target.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I: “By philosophic arguments,<br> + And by authority that hence descends,<br> + Such love must needs imprint itself in me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For Good, so far as good, when comprehended<br> + Doth straight enkindle love, and so much greater<br> + As more of goodness in itself it holds; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then to that Essence (whose is such advantage<br> + That every good which out of it is found<br> + Is nothing but a ray of its own light) +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More than elsewhither must the mind be moved<br> + Of every one, in loving, who discerns<br> + The truth in which this evidence is founded. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such truth he to my intellect reveals<br> + Who demonstrates to me the primal love<br> + Of all the sempiternal substances. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The voice reveals it of the truthful Author,<br> + Who says to Moses, speaking of Himself,<br> + ‘I will make all my goodness pass before thee.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou too revealest it to me, beginning<br> + The loud Evangel, that proclaims the secret<br> + Of heaven to earth above all other edict.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I heard say: “By human intellect<br> + And by authority concordant with it,<br> + Of all thy loves reserve for God the highest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But say again if other cords thou feelest,<br> + Draw thee towards Him, that thou mayst proclaim<br> + With how many teeth this love is biting thee.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The holy purpose of the Eagle of Christ<br> + Not latent was, nay, rather I perceived<br> + Whither he fain would my profession lead. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore I recommenced: “All of those bites<br> + Which have the power to turn the heart to God<br> + Unto my charity have been concurrent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The being of the world, and my own being,<br> + The death which He endured that I may live,<br> + And that which all the faithful hope, as I do, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With the forementioned vivid consciousness<br> + Have drawn me from the sea of love perverse,<br> + And of the right have placed me on the shore. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The leaves, wherewith embowered is all the garden<br> + Of the Eternal Gardener, do I love<br> + As much as he has granted them of good.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As soon as I had ceased, a song most sweet<br> + Throughout the heaven resounded, and my Lady<br> + Said with the others, “Holy, holy, holy!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as at some keen light one wakes from sleep<br> + By reason of the visual spirit that runs<br> + Unto the splendour passed from coat to coat, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he who wakes abhorreth what he sees,<br> + So all unconscious is his sudden waking,<br> + Until the judgment cometh to his aid, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So from before mine eyes did Beatrice<br> + Chase every mote with radiance of her own,<br> + That cast its light a thousand miles and more. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whence better after than before I saw,<br> + And in a kind of wonderment I asked<br> + About a fourth light that I saw with us. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said my Lady: “There within those rays<br> + Gazes upon its Maker the first soul<br> + That ever the first virtue did create.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as the bough that downward bends its top<br> + At transit of the wind, and then is lifted<br> + By its own virtue, which inclines it upward, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Likewise did I, the while that she was speaking,<br> + Being amazed, and then I was made bold<br> + By a desire to speak wherewith I burned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I began: “O apple, that mature<br> + Alone hast been produced, O ancient father,<br> + To whom each wife is daughter and daughter-in-law, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Devoutly as I can I supplicate thee<br> + That thou wouldst speak to me; thou seest my wish;<br> + And I, to hear thee quickly, speak it not.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sometimes an animal, when covered, struggles<br> + So that his impulse needs must be apparent,<br> + By reason of the wrappage following it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in like manner the primeval soul<br> + Made clear to me athwart its covering<br> + How jubilant it was to give me pleasure. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then breathed: “Without thy uttering it to me,<br> + Thine inclination better I discern<br> + Than thou whatever thing is surest to thee; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For I behold it in the truthful mirror,<br> + That of Himself all things parhelion makes,<br> + And none makes Him parhelion of itself. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou fain wouldst hear how long ago God placed me<br> + Within the lofty garden, where this Lady<br> + Unto so long a stairway thee disposed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And how long to mine eyes it was a pleasure,<br> + And of the great disdain the proper cause,<br> + And the language that I used and that I made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now, son of mine, the tasting of the tree<br> + Not in itself was cause of so great exile,<br> + But solely the o’erstepping of the bounds. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There, whence thy Lady moved Virgilius,<br> + Four thousand and three hundred and two circuits<br> + Made by the sun, this Council I desired; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And him I saw return to all the lights<br> + Of his highway nine hundred times and thirty,<br> + Whilst I upon the earth was tarrying. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The language that I spake was quite extinct<br> + Before that in the work interminable<br> + The people under Nimrod were employed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For nevermore result of reasoning<br> + (Because of human pleasure that doth change,<br> + Obedient to the heavens) was durable. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A natural action is it that man speaks;<br> + But whether thus or thus, doth nature leave<br> + To your own art, as seemeth best to you. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ere I descended to the infernal anguish,<br> + ‘El’ was on earth the name of the Chief Good,<br> + From whom comes all the joy that wraps me round +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +‘Eli’ he then was called, and that is proper,<br> + Because the use of men is like a leaf<br> + On bough, which goeth and another cometh. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the mount that highest o’er the wave<br> + Rises was I, in life or pure or sinful,<br> + From the first hour to that which is the second, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As the sun changes quadrant, to the sixth.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXVII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXVII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Glory be to the Father, to the Son,<br> + And Holy Ghost!” all Paradise began,<br> + So that the melody inebriate made me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +What I beheld seemed unto me a smile<br> + Of the universe; for my inebriation<br> + Found entrance through the hearing and the sight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O joy! O gladness inexpressible!<br> + O perfect life of love and peacefulness!<br> + O riches without hankering secure! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Before mine eyes were standing the four torches<br> + Enkindled, and the one that first had come<br> + Began to make itself more luminous; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even such in semblance it became<br> + As Jupiter would become, if he and Mars<br> + Were birds, and they should interchange their feathers. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That Providence, which here distributeth<br> + Season and service, in the blessed choir<br> + Had silence upon every side imposed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When I heard say: “If I my colour change,<br> + Marvel not at it; for while I am speaking<br> + Thou shalt behold all these their colour change. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who usurps upon the earth my place,<br> + My place, my place, which vacant has become<br> + Before the presence of the Son of God, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Has of my cemetery made a sewer<br> + Of blood and stench, whereby the Perverse One,<br> + Who fell from here, below there is appeased!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With the same colour which, through sun adverse,<br> + Painteth the clouds at evening or at morn,<br> + Beheld I then the whole of heaven suffused. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as a modest woman, who abides<br> + Sure of herself, and at another’s failing,<br> + From listening only, timorous becomes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus did Beatrice change countenance;<br> + And I believe in heaven was such eclipse,<br> + When suffered the supreme Omnipotence; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thereafterward proceeded forth his words<br> + With voice so much transmuted from itself,<br> + The very countenance was not more changed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The spouse of Christ has never nurtured been<br> + On blood of mine, of Linus and of Cletus,<br> + To be made use of in acquest of gold; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But in acquest of this delightful life<br> + Sixtus and Pius, Urban and Calixtus,<br> + After much lamentation, shed their blood. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Our purpose was not, that on the right hand<br> + Of our successors should in part be seated<br> + The Christian folk, in part upon the other; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor that the keys which were to me confided<br> + Should e’er become the escutcheon on a banner,<br> + That should wage war on those who are baptized; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor I be made the figure of a seal<br> + To privileges venal and mendacious,<br> + Whereat I often redden and flash with fire. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In garb of shepherds the rapacious wolves<br> + Are seen from here above o’er all the pastures!<br> + O wrath of God, why dost thou slumber still? +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To drink our blood the Caorsines and Gascons<br> + Are making ready. O thou good beginning,<br> + Unto how vile an end must thou needs fall! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But the high Providence, that with Scipio<br> + At Rome the glory of the world defended,<br> + Will speedily bring aid, as I conceive; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thou, my son, who by thy mortal weight<br> + Shalt down return again, open thy mouth;<br> + What I conceal not, do not thou conceal.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As with its frozen vapours downward falls<br> + In flakes our atmosphere, what time the horn<br> + Of the celestial Goat doth touch the sun, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upward in such array saw I the ether<br> + Become, and flaked with the triumphant vapours,<br> + Which there together with us had remained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My sight was following up their semblances,<br> + And followed till the medium, by excess,<br> + The passing farther onward took from it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Whereat the Lady, who beheld me freed<br> + From gazing upward, said to me: “Cast down<br> + Thy sight, and see how far thou art turned round.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Since the first time that I had downward looked,<br> + I saw that I had moved through the whole arc<br> + Which the first climate makes from midst to end; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that I saw the mad track of Ulysses<br> + Past Gades, and this side, well nigh the shore<br> + Whereon became Europa a sweet burden. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of this threshing-floor the site to me<br> + Were more unveiled, but the sun was proceeding<br> + Under my feet, a sign and more removed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My mind enamoured, which is dallying<br> + At all times with my Lady, to bring back<br> + To her mine eyes was more than ever ardent. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if or Art or Nature has made bait<br> + To catch the eyes and so possess the mind,<br> + In human flesh or in its portraiture, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +All joined together would appear as nought<br> + To the divine delight which shone upon me<br> + When to her smiling face I turned me round. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The virtue that her look endowed me with<br> + From the fair nest of Leda tore me forth,<br> + And up into the swiftest heaven impelled me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Its parts exceeding full of life and lofty<br> + Are all so uniform, I cannot say<br> + Which Beatrice selected for my place. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But she, who was aware of my desire,<br> + Began, the while she smiled so joyously<br> + That God seemed in her countenance to rejoice: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The nature of that motion, which keeps quiet<br> + The centre and all the rest about it moves,<br> + From hence begins as from its starting point. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in this heaven there is no other Where<br> + Than in the Mind Divine, wherein is kindled<br> + The love that turns it, and the power it rains. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within a circle light and love embrace it,<br> + Even as this doth the others, and that precinct<br> + He who encircles it alone controls. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Its motion is not by another meted,<br> + But all the others measured are by this,<br> + As ten is by the half and by the fifth. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in what manner time in such a pot<br> + May have its roots, and in the rest its leaves,<br> + Now unto thee can manifest be made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Covetousness, that mortals dost ingulf<br> + Beneath thee so, that no one hath the power<br> + Of drawing back his eyes from out thy waves! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Full fairly blossoms in mankind the will;<br> + But the uninterrupted rain converts<br> + Into abortive wildings the true plums. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Fidelity and innocence are found<br> + Only in children; afterwards they both<br> + Take flight or e’er the cheeks with down are covered. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One, while he prattles still, observes the fasts,<br> + Who, when his tongue is loosed, forthwith devours<br> + Whatever food under whatever moon; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Another, while he prattles, loves and listens<br> + Unto his mother, who when speech is perfect<br> + Forthwith desires to see her in her grave. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus is swarthy made the skin so white<br> + In its first aspect of the daughter fair<br> + Of him who brings the morn, and leaves the night. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou, that it may not be a marvel to thee,<br> + Think that on earth there is no one who governs;<br> + Whence goes astray the human family. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Ere January be unwintered wholly<br> + By the centesimal on earth neglected,<br> + Shall these supernal circles roar so loud +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The tempest that has been so long awaited<br> + Shall whirl the poops about where are the prows;<br> + So that the fleet shall run its course direct, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the true fruit shall follow on the flower.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXVIII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXVIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the truth against the present life<br> + Of miserable mortals was unfolded<br> + By her who doth imparadise my mind, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As in a looking-glass a taper’s flame<br> + He sees who from behind is lighted by it,<br> + Before he has it in his sight or thought, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And turns him round to see if so the glass<br> + Tell him the truth, and sees that it accords<br> + Therewith as doth a music with its metre, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In similar wise my memory recollecteth<br> + That I did, looking into those fair eyes,<br> + Of which Love made the springes to ensnare me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as I turned me round, and mine were touched<br> + By that which is apparent in that volume,<br> + Whenever on its gyre we gaze intent, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +A point beheld I, that was raying out<br> + Light so acute, the sight which it enkindles<br> + Must close perforce before such great acuteness. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And whatsoever star seems smallest here<br> + Would seem to be a moon, if placed beside it.<br> + As one star with another star is placed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Perhaps at such a distance as appears<br> + A halo cincturing the light that paints it,<br> + When densest is the vapour that sustains it, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus distant round the point a circle of fire<br> + So swiftly whirled, that it would have surpassed<br> + Whatever motion soonest girds the world; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this was by another circumcinct,<br> + That by a third, the third then by a fourth,<br> + By a fifth the fourth, and then by a sixth the fifth; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The seventh followed thereupon in width<br> + So ample now, that Juno’s messenger<br> + Entire would be too narrow to contain it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even so the eighth and ninth; and every one<br> + More slowly moved, according as it was<br> + In number distant farther from the first. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And that one had its flame most crystalline<br> + From which less distant was the stainless spark,<br> + I think because more with its truth imbued. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Lady, who in my anxiety<br> + Beheld me much perplexed, said: “From that point<br> + Dependent is the heaven and nature all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold that circle most conjoined to it,<br> + And know thou, that its motion is so swift<br> + Through burning love whereby it is spurred on.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I to her: “If the world were arranged<br> + In the order which I see in yonder wheels,<br> + What’s set before me would have satisfied me; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But in the world of sense we can perceive<br> + That evermore the circles are diviner<br> + As they are from the centre more remote +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Wherefore if my desire is to be ended<br> + In this miraculous and angelic temple,<br> + That has for confines only love and light, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +To hear behoves me still how the example<br> + And the exemplar go not in one fashion,<br> + Since for myself in vain I contemplate it.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“If thine own fingers unto such a knot<br> + Be insufficient, it is no great wonder,<br> + So hard hath it become for want of trying.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My Lady thus; then said she: “Do thou take<br> + What I shall tell thee, if thou wouldst be sated,<br> + And exercise on that thy subtlety. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The circles corporal are wide and narrow<br> + According to the more or less of virtue<br> + Which is distributed through all their parts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The greater goodness works the greater weal,<br> + The greater weal the greater body holds,<br> + If perfect equally are all its parts. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Therefore this one which sweeps along with it<br> + The universe sublime, doth correspond<br> + Unto the circle which most loves and knows. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On which account, if thou unto the virtue<br> + Apply thy measure, not to the appearance<br> + Of substances that unto thee seem round, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou wilt behold a marvellous agreement,<br> + Of more to greater, and of less to smaller,<br> + In every heaven, with its Intelligence.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as remaineth splendid and serene<br> + The hemisphere of air, when Boreas<br> + Is blowing from that cheek where he is mildest, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because is purified and resolved the rack<br> + That erst disturbed it, till the welkin laughs<br> + With all the beauties of its pageantry; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus did I likewise, after that my Lady<br> + Had me provided with her clear response,<br> + And like a star in heaven the truth was seen. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And soon as to a stop her words had come,<br> + Not otherwise does iron scintillate<br> + When molten, than those circles scintillated. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Their coruscation all the sparks repeated,<br> + And they so many were, their number makes<br> + More millions than the doubling of the chess. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I heard them sing hosanna choir by choir<br> + To the fixed point which holds them at the ‘Ubi,’<br> + And ever will, where they have ever been. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she, who saw the dubious meditations<br> + Within my mind, “The primal circles,” said,<br> + “Have shown thee Seraphim and Cherubim. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus rapidly they follow their own bonds,<br> + To be as like the point as most they can,<br> + And can as far as they are high in vision. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those other Loves, that round about them go,<br> + Thrones of the countenance divine are called,<br> + Because they terminate the primal Triad. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And thou shouldst know that they all have delight<br> + As much as their own vision penetrates<br> + The Truth, in which all intellect finds rest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From this it may be seen how blessedness<br> + Is founded in the faculty which sees,<br> + And not in that which loves, and follows next; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And of this seeing merit is the measure,<br> + Which is brought forth by grace, and by good will;<br> + Thus on from grade to grade doth it proceed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The second Triad, which is germinating<br> + In such wise in this sempiternal spring,<br> + That no nocturnal Aries despoils, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Perpetually hosanna warbles forth<br> + With threefold melody, that sounds in three<br> + Orders of joy, with which it is intrined. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The three Divine are in this hierarchy,<br> + First the Dominions, and the Virtues next;<br> + And the third order is that of the Powers. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then in the dances twain penultimate<br> + The Principalities and Archangels wheel;<br> + The last is wholly of angelic sports. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These orders upward all of them are gazing,<br> + And downward so prevail, that unto God<br> + They all attracted are and all attract. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And Dionysius with so great desire<br> + To contemplate these Orders set himself,<br> + He named them and distinguished them as I do. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But Gregory afterwards dissented from him;<br> + Wherefore, as soon as he unclosed his eyes<br> + Within this heaven, he at himself did smile. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if so much of secret truth a mortal<br> + Proffered on earth, I would not have thee marvel,<br> + For he who saw it here revealed it to him, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With much more of the truth about these circles.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXIX"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXIX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +At what time both the children of Latona,<br> + Surmounted by the Ram and by the Scales,<br> + Together make a zone of the horizon, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As long as from the time the zenith holds them<br> + In equipoise, till from that girdle both<br> + Changing their hemisphere disturb the balance, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So long, her face depicted with a smile,<br> + Did Beatrice keep silence while she gazed<br> + Fixedly at the point which had o’ercome me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then she began: “I say, and I ask not<br> + What thou dost wish to hear, for I have seen it<br> + Where centres every When and every ‘Ubi.’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not to acquire some good unto himself,<br> + Which is impossible, but that his splendour<br> + In its resplendency may say, ‘Subsisto,’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In his eternity outside of time,<br> + Outside all other limits, as it pleased him,<br> + Into new Loves the Eternal Love unfolded. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor as if torpid did he lie before;<br> + For neither after nor before proceeded<br> + The going forth of God upon these waters. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Matter and Form unmingled and conjoined<br> + Came into being that had no defect,<br> + E’en as three arrows from a three-stringed bow. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as in glass, in amber, or in crystal<br> + A sunbeam flashes so, that from its coming<br> + To its full being is no interval, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So from its Lord did the triform effect<br> + Ray forth into its being all together,<br> + Without discrimination of beginning. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Order was con-created and constructed<br> + In substances, and summit of the world<br> + Were those wherein the pure act was produced. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Pure potentiality held the lowest part;<br> + Midway bound potentiality with act<br> + Such bond that it shall never be unbound. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Jerome has written unto you of angels<br> + Created a long lapse of centuries<br> + Or ever yet the other world was made; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But written is this truth in many places<br> + By writers of the Holy Ghost, and thou<br> + Shalt see it, if thou lookest well thereat. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even reason seeth it somewhat,<br> + For it would not concede that for so long<br> + Could be the motors without their perfection. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now dost thou know both where and when these Loves<br> + Created were, and how; so that extinct<br> + In thy desire already are three fires. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor could one reach, in counting, unto twenty<br> + So swiftly, as a portion of these angels<br> + Disturbed the subject of your elements. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The rest remained, and they began this art<br> + Which thou discernest, with so great delight<br> + That never from their circling do they cease. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The occasion of the fall was the accursed<br> + Presumption of that One, whom thou hast seen<br> + By all the burden of the world constrained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those whom thou here beholdest modest were<br> + To recognise themselves as of that goodness<br> + Which made them apt for so much understanding; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On which account their vision was exalted<br> + By the enlightening grace and their own merit,<br> + So that they have a full and steadfast will. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I would not have thee doubt, but certain be,<br> + ’Tis meritorious to receive this grace,<br> + According as the affection opens to it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now round about in this consistory<br> + Much mayst thou contemplate, if these my words<br> + Be gathered up, without all further aid. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since upon the earth, throughout your schools,<br> + They teach that such is the angelic nature<br> + That it doth hear, and recollect, and will, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +More will I say, that thou mayst see unmixed<br> + The truth that is confounded there below,<br> + Equivocating in such like prelections. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +These substances, since in God’s countenance<br> + They jocund were, turned not away their sight<br> + From that wherefrom not anything is hidden; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence they have not their vision intercepted<br> + By object new, and hence they do not need<br> + To recollect, through interrupted thought. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So that below, not sleeping, people dream,<br> + Believing they speak truth, and not believing;<br> + And in the last is greater sin and shame. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Below you do not journey by one path<br> + Philosophising; so transporteth you<br> + Love of appearance and the thought thereof. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even this above here is endured<br> + With less disdain, than when is set aside<br> + The Holy Writ, or when it is distorted. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +They think not there how much of blood it costs<br> + To sow it in the world, and how he pleases<br> + Who in humility keeps close to it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Each striveth for appearance, and doth make<br> + His own inventions; and these treated are<br> + By preachers, and the Evangel holds its peace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One sayeth that the moon did backward turn,<br> + In the Passion of Christ, and interpose herself<br> + So that the sunlight reached not down below; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And lies; for of its own accord the light<br> + Hid itself; whence to Spaniards and to Indians,<br> + As to the Jews, did such eclipse respond. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Florence has not so many Lapi and Bindi<br> + As fables such as these, that every year<br> + Are shouted from the pulpit back and forth, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In such wise that the lambs, who do not know,<br> + Come back from pasture fed upon the wind,<br> + And not to see the harm doth not excuse them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Christ did not to his first disciples say,<br> + ‘Go forth, and to the world preach idle tales,’<br> + But unto them a true foundation gave; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this so loudly sounded from their lips,<br> + That, in the warfare to enkindle Faith,<br> + They made of the Evangel shields and lances. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now men go forth with jests and drolleries<br> + To preach, and if but well the people laugh,<br> + The hood puffs out, and nothing more is asked. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But in the cowl there nestles such a bird,<br> + That, if the common people were to see it,<br> + They would perceive what pardons they confide in, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For which so great on earth has grown the folly,<br> + That, without proof of any testimony,<br> + To each indulgence they would flock together. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +By this Saint Anthony his pig doth fatten,<br> + And many others, who are worse than pigs,<br> + Paying in money without mark of coinage. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since we have digressed abundantly,<br> + Turn back thine eyes forthwith to the right path,<br> + So that the way be shortened with the time. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This nature doth so multiply itself<br> + In numbers, that there never yet was speech<br> + Nor mortal fancy that can go so far. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if thou notest that which is revealed<br> + By Daniel, thou wilt see that in his thousands<br> + Number determinate is kept concealed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The primal light, that all irradiates it,<br> + By modes as many is received therein,<br> + As are the splendours wherewith it is mated. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Hence, inasmuch as on the act conceptive<br> + The affection followeth, of love the sweetness<br> + Therein diversely fervid is or tepid. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The height behold now and the amplitude<br> + Of the eternal power, since it hath made<br> + Itself so many mirrors, where ’tis broken, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One in itself remaining as before.” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXX"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXX</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Perchance six thousand miles remote from us<br> + Is glowing the sixth hour, and now this world<br> + Inclines its shadow almost to a level, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +When the mid-heaven begins to make itself<br> + So deep to us, that here and there a star<br> + Ceases to shine so far down as this depth, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as advances bright exceedingly<br> + The handmaid of the sun, the heaven is closed<br> + Light after light to the most beautiful; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not otherwise the Triumph, which for ever<br> + Plays round about the point that vanquished me,<br> + Seeming enclosed by what itself encloses, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Little by little from my vision faded;<br> + Whereat to turn mine eyes on Beatrice<br> + My seeing nothing and my love constrained me. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If what has hitherto been said of her<br> + Were all concluded in a single praise,<br> + Scant would it be to serve the present turn. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not only does the beauty I beheld<br> + Transcend ourselves, but truly I believe<br> + Its Maker only may enjoy it all. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Vanquished do I confess me by this passage<br> + More than by problem of his theme was ever<br> + O’ercome the comic or the tragic poet; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For as the sun the sight that trembles most,<br> + Even so the memory of that sweet smile<br> + My mind depriveth of its very self. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From the first day that I beheld her face<br> + In this life, to the moment of this look,<br> + The sequence of my song has ne’er been severed; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But now perforce this sequence must desist<br> + From following her beauty with my verse,<br> + As every artist at his uttermost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Such as I leave her to a greater fame<br> + Than any of my trumpet, which is bringing<br> + Its arduous matter to a final close, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With voice and gesture of a perfect leader<br> + She recommenced: “We from the greatest body<br> + Have issued to the heaven that is pure light; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Light intellectual replete with love,<br> + Love of true good replete with ecstasy,<br> + Ecstasy that transcendeth every sweetness. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here shalt thou see the one host and the other<br> + Of Paradise, and one in the same aspects<br> + Which at the final judgment thou shalt see.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a sudden lightning that disperses<br> + The visual spirits, so that it deprives<br> + The eye of impress from the strongest objects, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus round about me flashed a living light,<br> + And left me swathed around with such a veil<br> + Of its effulgence, that I nothing saw. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Ever the Love which quieteth this heaven<br> + Welcomes into itself with such salute,<br> + To make the candle ready for its flame.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +No sooner had within me these brief words<br> + An entrance found, than I perceived myself<br> + To be uplifted over my own power, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I with vision new rekindled me,<br> + Such that no light whatever is so pure<br> + But that mine eyes were fortified against it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And light I saw in fashion of a river<br> + Fulvid with its effulgence, ’twixt two banks<br> + Depicted with an admirable Spring. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Out of this river issued living sparks,<br> + And on all sides sank down into the flowers,<br> + Like unto rubies that are set in gold; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And then, as if inebriate with the odours,<br> + They plunged again into the wondrous torrent,<br> + And as one entered issued forth another. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The high desire, that now inflames and moves thee<br> + To have intelligence of what thou seest,<br> + Pleaseth me all the more, the more it swells. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But of this water it behoves thee drink<br> + Before so great a thirst in thee be slaked.”<br> + Thus said to me the sunshine of mine eyes; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And added: “The river and the topazes<br> + Going in and out, and the laughing of the herbage,<br> + Are of their truth foreshadowing prefaces; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not that these things are difficult in themselves,<br> + But the deficiency is on thy side,<br> + For yet thou hast not vision so exalted.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There is no babe that leaps so suddenly<br> + With face towards the milk, if he awake<br> + Much later than his usual custom is, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As I did, that I might make better mirrors<br> + Still of mine eyes, down stooping to the wave<br> + Which flows that we therein be better made. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as the penthouse of mine eyelids<br> + Drank of it, it forthwith appeared to me<br> + Out of its length to be transformed to round. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then as a folk who have been under masks<br> + Seem other than before, if they divest<br> + The semblance not their own they disappeared in, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus into greater pomp were changed for me<br> + The flowerets and the sparks, so that I saw<br> + Both of the Courts of Heaven made manifest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O splendour of God! by means of which I saw<br> + The lofty triumph of the realm veracious,<br> + Give me the power to say how it I saw! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There is a light above, which visible<br> + Makes the Creator unto every creature,<br> + Who only in beholding Him has peace, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And it expands itself in circular form<br> + To such extent, that its circumference<br> + Would be too large a girdle for the sun. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The semblance of it is all made of rays<br> + Reflected from the top of Primal Motion,<br> + Which takes therefrom vitality and power. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as a hill in water at its base<br> + Mirrors itself, as if to see its beauty<br> + When affluent most in verdure and in flowers, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So, ranged aloft all round about the light,<br> + Mirrored I saw in more ranks than a thousand<br> + All who above there have from us returned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if the lowest row collect within it<br> + So great a light, how vast the amplitude<br> + Is of this Rose in its extremest leaves! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My vision in the vastness and the height<br> + Lost not itself, but comprehended all<br> + The quantity and quality of that gladness. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +There near and far nor add nor take away;<br> + For there where God immediately doth govern,<br> + The natural law in naught is relevant. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Into the yellow of the Rose Eternal<br> + That spreads, and multiplies, and breathes an odour<br> + Of praise unto the ever-vernal Sun, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As one who silent is and fain would speak,<br> + Me Beatrice drew on, and said: “Behold<br> + Of the white stoles how vast the convent is! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold how vast the circuit of our city!<br> + Behold our seats so filled to overflowing,<br> + That here henceforward are few people wanting! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On that great throne whereon thine eyes are fixed<br> + For the crown’s sake already placed upon it,<br> + Before thou suppest at this wedding feast +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Shall sit the soul (that is to be Augustus<br> + On earth) of noble Henry, who shall come<br> + To redress Italy ere she be ready. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Blind covetousness, that casts its spell upon you,<br> + Has made you like unto the little child,<br> + Who dies of hunger and drives off the nurse. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And in the sacred forum then shall be<br> + A Prefect such, that openly or covert<br> + On the same road he will not walk with him. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But long of God he will not be endured<br> + In holy office; he shall be thrust down<br> + Where Simon Magus is for his deserts, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And make him of Alagna lower go!” +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXXI"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXXI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +In fashion then as of a snow-white rose<br> + Displayed itself to me the saintly host,<br> + Whom Christ in his own blood had made his bride, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But the other host, that flying sees and sings<br> + The glory of Him who doth enamour it,<br> + And the goodness that created it so noble, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as a swarm of bees, that sinks in flowers<br> + One moment, and the next returns again<br> + To where its labour is to sweetness turned, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sank into the great flower, that is adorned<br> + With leaves so many, and thence reascended<br> + To where its love abideth evermore. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Their faces had they all of living flame,<br> + And wings of gold, and all the rest so white<br> + No snow unto that limit doth attain. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From bench to bench, into the flower descending,<br> + They carried something of the peace and ardour<br> + Which by the fanning of their flanks they won. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Nor did the interposing ’twixt the flower<br> + And what was o’er it of such plenitude<br> + Of flying shapes impede the sight and splendour; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because the light divine so penetrates<br> + The universe, according to its merit,<br> + That naught can be an obstacle against it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +This realm secure and full of gladsomeness,<br> + Crowded with ancient people and with modern,<br> + Unto one mark had all its look and love. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Trinal Light, that in a single star<br> + Sparkling upon their sight so satisfies them,<br> + Look down upon our tempest here below! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +If the barbarians, coming from some region<br> + That every day by Helice is covered,<br> + Revolving with her son whom she delights in, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beholding Rome and all her noble works,<br> + Were wonder-struck, what time the Lateran<br> + Above all mortal things was eminent,— +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I who to the divine had from the human,<br> + From time unto eternity, had come,<br> + From Florence to a people just and sane, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +With what amazement must I have been filled!<br> + Truly between this and the joy, it was<br> + My pleasure not to hear, and to be mute. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as a pilgrim who delighteth him<br> + In gazing round the temple of his vow,<br> + And hopes some day to retell how it was, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So through the living light my way pursuing<br> + Directed I mine eyes o’er all the ranks,<br> + Now up, now down, and now all round about. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Faces I saw of charity persuasive,<br> + Embellished by His light and their own smile,<br> + And attitudes adorned with every grace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The general form of Paradise already<br> + My glance had comprehended as a whole,<br> + In no part hitherto remaining fixed, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And round I turned me with rekindled wish<br> + My Lady to interrogate of things<br> + Concerning which my mind was in suspense. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One thing I meant, another answered me;<br> + I thought I should see Beatrice, and saw<br> + An Old Man habited like the glorious people. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O’erflowing was he in his eyes and cheeks<br> + With joy benign, in attitude of pity<br> + As to a tender father is becoming. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And “She, where is she?” instantly I said;<br> + Whence he: “To put an end to thy desire,<br> + Me Beatrice hath sent from mine own place. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if thou lookest up to the third round<br> + Of the first rank, again shalt thou behold her<br> + Upon the throne her merits have assigned her.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Without reply I lifted up mine eyes,<br> + And saw her, as she made herself a crown<br> + Reflecting from herself the eternal rays. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not from that region which the highest thunders<br> + Is any mortal eye so far removed,<br> + In whatsoever sea it deepest sinks, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As there from Beatrice my sight; but this<br> + Was nothing unto me; because her image<br> + Descended not to me by medium blurred. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O Lady, thou in whom my hope is strong,<br> + And who for my salvation didst endure<br> + In Hell to leave the imprint of thy feet, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Of whatsoever things I have beheld,<br> + As coming from thy power and from thy goodness<br> + I recognise the virtue and the grace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou from a slave hast brought me unto freedom,<br> + By all those ways, by all the expedients,<br> + Whereby thou hadst the power of doing it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Preserve towards me thy magnificence,<br> + So that this soul of mine, which thou hast healed,<br> + Pleasing to thee be loosened from the body.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus I implored; and she, so far away,<br> + Smiled, as it seemed, and looked once more at me;<br> + Then unto the eternal fountain turned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And said the Old Man holy: “That thou mayst<br> + Accomplish perfectly thy journeying,<br> + Whereunto prayer and holy love have sent me, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Fly with thine eyes all round about this garden;<br> + For seeing it will discipline thy sight<br> + Farther to mount along the ray divine. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And she, the Queen of Heaven, for whom I burn<br> + Wholly with love, will grant us every grace,<br> + Because that I her faithful Bernard am.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As he who peradventure from Croatia<br> + Cometh to gaze at our Veronica,<br> + Who through its ancient fame is never sated, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But says in thought, the while it is displayed,<br> + “My Lord, Christ Jesus, God of very God,<br> + Now was your semblance made like unto this?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even such was I while gazing at the living<br> + Charity of the man, who in this world<br> + By contemplation tasted of that peace. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thou son of grace, this jocund life,” began he,<br> + “Will not be known to thee by keeping ever<br> + Thine eyes below here on the lowest place; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But mark the circles to the most remote,<br> + Until thou shalt behold enthroned the Queen<br> + To whom this realm is subject and devoted.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I lifted up mine eyes, and as at morn<br> + The oriental part of the horizon<br> + Surpasses that wherein the sun goes down, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus, as if going with mine eyes from vale<br> + To mount, I saw a part in the remoteness<br> + Surpass in splendour all the other front. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And even as there where we await the pole<br> + That Phaeton drove badly, blazes more<br> + The light, and is on either side diminished, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So likewise that pacific oriflamme<br> + Gleamed brightest in the centre, and each side<br> + In equal measure did the flame abate. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And at that centre, with their wings expanded,<br> + More than a thousand jubilant Angels saw I,<br> + Each differing in effulgence and in kind. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw there at their sports and at their songs<br> + A beauty smiling, which the gladness was<br> + Within the eyes of all the other saints; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And if I had in speaking as much wealth<br> + As in imagining, I should not dare<br> + To attempt the smallest part of its delight. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Bernard, as soon as he beheld mine eyes<br> + Fixed and intent upon its fervid fervour,<br> + His own with such affection turned to her +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That it made mine more ardent to behold. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXXII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXXII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Absorbed in his delight, that contemplator<br> + Assumed the willing office of a teacher,<br> + And gave beginning to these holy words: +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“The wound that Mary closed up and anointed,<br> + She at her feet who is so beautiful,<br> + She is the one who opened it and pierced it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within that order which the third seats make<br> + Is seated Rachel, lower than the other,<br> + With Beatrice, in manner as thou seest. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Sarah, Rebecca, Judith, and her who was<br> + Ancestress of the Singer, who for dole<br> + Of the misdeed said, ‘Miserere mei,’ +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Canst thou behold from seat to seat descending<br> + Down in gradation, as with each one’s name<br> + I through the Rose go down from leaf to leaf. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And downward from the seventh row, even as<br> + Above the same, succeed the Hebrew women,<br> + Dividing all the tresses of the flower; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because, according to the view which Faith<br> + In Christ had taken, these are the partition<br> + By which the sacred stairways are divided. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon this side, where perfect is the flower<br> + With each one of its petals, seated are<br> + Those who believed in Christ who was to come. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the other side, where intersected<br> + With vacant spaces are the semicircles,<br> + Are those who looked to Christ already come. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And as, upon this side, the glorious seat<br> + Of the Lady of Heaven, and the other seats<br> + Below it, such a great division make, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +So opposite doth that of the great John,<br> + Who, ever holy, desert and martyrdom<br> + Endured, and afterwards two years in Hell. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And under him thus to divide were chosen<br> + Francis, and Benedict, and Augustine,<br> + And down to us the rest from round to round. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Behold now the high providence divine;<br> + For one and other aspect of the Faith<br> + In equal measure shall this garden fill. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And know that downward from that rank which cleaves<br> + Midway the sequence of the two divisions,<br> + Not by their proper merit are they seated; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But by another’s under fixed conditions;<br> + For these are spirits one and all assoiled<br> + Before they any true election had. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Well canst thou recognise it in their faces,<br> + And also in their voices puerile,<br> + If thou regard them well and hearken to them. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now doubtest thou, and doubting thou art silent;<br> + But I will loosen for thee the strong bond<br> + In which thy subtile fancies hold thee fast. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within the amplitude of this domain<br> + No casual point can possibly find place,<br> + No more than sadness can, or thirst, or hunger; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For by eternal law has been established<br> + Whatever thou beholdest, so that closely<br> + The ring is fitted to the finger here. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And therefore are these people, festinate<br> + Unto true life, not ‘sine causa’ here<br> + More and less excellent among themselves. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The King, by means of whom this realm reposes<br> + In so great love and in so great delight<br> + That no will ventureth to ask for more, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In his own joyous aspect every mind<br> + Creating, at his pleasure dowers with grace<br> + Diversely; and let here the effect suffice. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And this is clearly and expressly noted<br> + For you in Holy Scripture, in those twins<br> + Who in their mother had their anger roused. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +According to the colour of the hair,<br> + Therefore, with such a grace the light supreme<br> + Consenteth that they worthily be crowned. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Without, then, any merit of their deeds,<br> + Stationed are they in different gradations,<br> + Differing only in their first acuteness. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +’Tis true that in the early centuries,<br> + With innocence, to work out their salvation<br> + Sufficient was the faith of parents only. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +After the earlier ages were completed,<br> + Behoved it that the males by circumcision<br> + Unto their innocent wings should virtue add; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But after that the time of grace had come<br> + Without the baptism absolute of Christ,<br> + Such innocence below there was retained. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Look now into the face that unto Christ<br> + Hath most resemblance; for its brightness only<br> + Is able to prepare thee to see Christ.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +On her did I behold so great a gladness<br> + Rain down, borne onward in the holy minds<br> + Created through that altitude to fly, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That whatsoever I had seen before<br> + Did not suspend me in such admiration,<br> + Nor show me such similitude of God. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And the same Love that first descended there,<br> + “Ave Maria, gratia plena,” singing,<br> + In front of her his wings expanded wide. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Unto the canticle divine responded<br> + From every part the court beatified,<br> + So that each sight became serener for it. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +“O holy father, who for me endurest<br> + To be below here, leaving the sweet place<br> + In which thou sittest by eternal lot, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Who is the Angel that with so much joy<br> + Into the eyes is looking of our Queen,<br> + Enamoured so that he seems made of fire?” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thus I again recourse had to the teaching<br> + Of that one who delighted him in Mary<br> + As doth the star of morning in the sun. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he to me: “Such gallantry and grace<br> + As there can be in Angel and in soul,<br> + All is in him; and thus we fain would have it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because he is the one who bore the palm<br> + Down unto Mary, when the Son of God<br> + To take our burden on himself decreed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But now come onward with thine eyes, as I<br> + Speaking shall go, and note the great patricians<br> + Of this most just and merciful of empires. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Those two that sit above there most enrapture<br> + As being very near unto Augusta,<br> + Are as it were the two roots of this Rose. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +He who upon the left is near her placed<br> + The father is, by whose audacious taste<br> + The human species so much bitter tastes. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Upon the right thou seest that ancient father<br> + Of Holy Church, into whose keeping Christ<br> + The keys committed of this lovely flower. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he who all the evil days beheld,<br> + Before his death, of her the beauteous bride<br> + Who with the spear and with the nails was won, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Beside him sits, and by the other rests<br> + That leader under whom on manna lived<br> + The people ingrate, fickle, and stiff-necked. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Opposite Peter seest thou Anna seated,<br> + So well content to look upon her daughter,<br> + Her eyes she moves not while she sings Hosanna. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And opposite the eldest household father<br> + Lucia sits, she who thy Lady moved<br> + When to rush downward thou didst bend thy brows. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But since the moments of thy vision fly,<br> + Here will we make full stop, as a good tailor<br> + Who makes the gown according to his cloth, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And unto the first Love will turn our eyes,<br> + That looking upon Him thou penetrate<br> + As far as possible through his effulgence. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Truly, lest peradventure thou recede,<br> + Moving thy wings believing to advance,<br> + By prayer behoves it that grace be obtained; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Grace from that one who has the power to aid thee;<br> + And thou shalt follow me with thy affection<br> + That from my words thy heart turn not aside.” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And he began this holy orison. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h3><a name="CantoIII.XXXIII"></a>Paradiso: Canto XXXIII</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +“Thou Virgin Mother, daughter of thy Son,<br> + Humble and high beyond all other creature,<br> + The limit fixed of the eternal counsel, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thou art the one who such nobility<br> + To human nature gave, that its Creator<br> + Did not disdain to make himself its creature. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within thy womb rekindled was the love,<br> + By heat of which in the eternal peace<br> + After such wise this flower has germinated. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here unto us thou art a noonday torch<br> + Of charity, and below there among mortals<br> + Thou art the living fountain-head of hope. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Lady, thou art so great, and so prevailing,<br> + That he who wishes grace, nor runs to thee,<br> + His aspirations without wings would fly. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not only thy benignity gives succour<br> + To him who asketh it, but oftentimes<br> + Forerunneth of its own accord the asking. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In thee compassion is, in thee is pity,<br> + In thee magnificence; in thee unites<br> + Whate’er of goodness is in any creature. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Now doth this man, who from the lowest depth<br> + Of the universe as far as here has seen<br> + One after one the spiritual lives, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Supplicate thee through grace for so much power<br> + That with his eyes he may uplift himself<br> + Higher towards the uttermost salvation. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who never burned for my own seeing<br> + More than I do for his, all of my prayers<br> + Proffer to thee, and pray they come not short, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That thou wouldst scatter from him every cloud<br> + Of his mortality so with thy prayers,<br> + That the Chief Pleasure be to him displayed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Still farther do I pray thee, Queen, who canst<br> + Whate’er thou wilt, that sound thou mayst preserve<br> + After so great a vision his affections. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Let thy protection conquer human movements;<br> + See Beatrice and all the blessed ones<br> + My prayers to second clasp their hands to thee!” +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The eyes beloved and revered of God,<br> + Fastened upon the speaker, showed to us<br> + How grateful unto her are prayers devout; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Then unto the Eternal Light they turned,<br> + On which it is not credible could be<br> + By any creature bent an eye so clear. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I, who to the end of all desires<br> + Was now approaching, even as I ought<br> + The ardour of desire within me ended. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Bernard was beckoning unto me, and smiling,<br> + That I should upward look; but I already<br> + Was of my own accord such as he wished; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because my sight, becoming purified,<br> + Was entering more and more into the ray<br> + Of the High Light which of itself is true. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +From that time forward what I saw was greater<br> + Than our discourse, that to such vision yields,<br> + And yields the memory unto such excess. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even as he is who seeth in a dream,<br> + And after dreaming the imprinted passion<br> + Remains, and to his mind the rest returns not, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even such am I, for almost utterly<br> + Ceases my vision, and distilleth yet<br> + Within my heart the sweetness born of it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even thus the snow is in the sun unsealed,<br> + Even thus upon the wind in the light leaves<br> + Were the soothsayings of the Sibyl lost. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Light Supreme, that dost so far uplift thee<br> + From the conceits of mortals, to my mind<br> + Of what thou didst appear re-lend a little, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And make my tongue of so great puissance,<br> + That but a single sparkle of thy glory<br> + It may bequeath unto the future people; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +For by returning to my memory somewhat,<br> + And by a little sounding in these verses,<br> + More of thy victory shall be conceived! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I think the keenness of the living ray<br> + Which I endured would have bewildered me,<br> + If but mine eyes had been averted from it; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And I remember that I was more bold<br> + On this account to bear, so that I joined<br> + My aspect with the Glory Infinite. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O grace abundant, by which I presumed<br> + To fix my sight upon the Light Eternal,<br> + So that the seeing I consumed therein! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +I saw that in its depth far down is lying<br> + Bound up with love together in one volume,<br> + What through the universe in leaves is scattered; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Substance, and accident, and their operations,<br> + All interfused together in such wise<br> + That what I speak of is one simple light. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The universal fashion of this knot<br> + Methinks I saw, since more abundantly<br> + In saying this I feel that I rejoice. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +One moment is more lethargy to me,<br> + Than five and twenty centuries to the emprise<br> + That startled Neptune with the shade of Argo! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +My mind in this wise wholly in suspense,<br> + Steadfast, immovable, attentive gazed,<br> + And evermore with gazing grew enkindled. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +In presence of that light one such becomes,<br> + That to withdraw therefrom for other prospect<br> + It is impossible he e’er consent; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Because the good, which object is of will,<br> + Is gathered all in this, and out of it<br> + That is defective which is perfect there. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Shorter henceforward will my language fall<br> + Of what I yet remember, than an infant’s<br> + Who still his tongue doth moisten at the breast. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Not because more than one unmingled semblance<br> + Was in the living light on which I looked,<br> + For it is always what it was before; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But through the sight, that fortified itself<br> + In me by looking, one appearance only<br> + To me was ever changing as I changed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within the deep and luminous subsistence<br> + Of the High Light appeared to me three circles,<br> + Of threefold colour and of one dimension, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +And by the second seemed the first reflected<br> + As Iris is by Iris, and the third<br> + Seemed fire that equally from both is breathed. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O how all speech is feeble and falls short<br> + Of my conceit, and this to what I saw<br> + Is such, ’tis not enough to call it little! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +O Light Eterne, sole in thyself that dwellest,<br> + Sole knowest thyself, and, known unto thyself<br> + And knowing, lovest and smilest on thyself! +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +That circulation, which being thus conceived<br> + Appeared in thee as a reflected light,<br> + When somewhat contemplated by mine eyes, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Within itself, of its own very colour<br> + Seemed to me painted with our effigy,<br> + Wherefore my sight was all absorbed therein. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +As the geometrician, who endeavours<br> + To square the circle, and discovers not,<br> + By taking thought, the principle he wants, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Even such was I at that new apparition;<br> + I wished to see how the image to the circle<br> + Conformed itself, and how it there finds place; +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +But my own wings were not enough for this,<br> + Had it not been that then my mind there smote<br> + A flash of lightning, wherein came its wish. +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Here vigour failed the lofty fantasy:<br> + But now was turning my desire and will,<br> + Even as a wheel that equally is moved, +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Love which moves the sun and the other stars. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h2><a name="appendix"></a>APPENDIX</h2> + +<p class="noindent"> +SIX SONNETS ON DANTE’S DIVINE COMEDY BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW<br> +(1807-1882) +</p> + +<h3>I</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +Oft have I seen at some cathedral door<br> + A laborer, pausing in the dust and heat,<br> + Lay down his burden, and with reverent feet<br> + Enter, and cross himself, and on the floor<br> +Kneel to repeat his paternoster o’er;<br> + Far off the noises of the world retreat;<br> + The loud vociferations of the street<br> + Become an undistinguishable roar.<br> +So, as I enter here from day to day,<br> + And leave my burden at this minster gate,<br> + Kneeling in prayer, and not ashamed to pray,<br> +The tumult of the time disconsolate<br> + To inarticulate murmurs dies away,<br> + While the eternal ages watch and wait. +</p> + +<h3>II</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +How strange the sculptures that adorn these towers!<br> + This crowd of statues, in whose folded sleeves<br> + Birds build their nests; while canopied with leaves<br> + Parvis and portal bloom like trellised bowers,<br> +And the vast minster seems a cross of flowers!<br> + But fiends and dragons on the gargoyled eaves<br> + Watch the dead Christ between the living thieves,<br> + And, underneath, the traitor Judas lowers!<br> +Ah! from what agonies of heart and brain,<br> + What exultations trampling on despair,<br> + What tenderness, what tears, what hate of wrong,<br> +What passionate outcry of a soul in pain,<br> + Uprose this poem of the earth and air,<br> + This mediaeval miracle of song! +</p> + +<h3>III</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +I enter, and I see thee in the gloom<br> + Of the long aisles, O poet saturnine!<br> + And strive to make my steps keep pace with thine.<br> + The air is filled with some unknown perfume;<br> +The congregation of the dead make room<br> + For thee to pass; the votive tapers shine;<br> + Like rooks that haunt Ravenna’s groves of pine,<br> + The hovering echoes fly from tomb to tomb.<br> +From the confessionals I hear arise<br> + Rehearsals of forgotten tragedies,<br> + And lamentations from the crypts below<br> +And then a voice celestial that begins<br> + With the pathetic words, “Although your sins<br> + As scarlet be,” and ends with “as the snow.” +</p> + +<h3>IV</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +With snow-white veil, and garments as of flame,<br> + She stands before thee, who so long ago<br> + Filled thy young heart with passion and the woe<br> + From which thy song in all its splendors came;<br> +And while with stern rebuke she speaks thy name,<br> + The ice about thy heart melts as the snow<br> + On mountain heights, and in swift overflow<br> + Comes gushing from thy lips in sobs of shame.<br> +Thou makest full confession; and a gleam<br> + As of the dawn on some dark forest cast,<br> + Seems on thy lifted forehead to increase;<br> +Lethe and Eunoe—the remembered dream<br> + And the forgotten sorrow—bring at last<br> + That perfect pardon which is perfect peace. +</p> + +<h3>V</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +I Lift mine eyes, and all the windows blaze<br> + With forms of saints and holy men who died,<br> + Here martyred and hereafter glorified;<br> + And the great Rose upon its leaves displays<br> +Christ’s Triumph, and the angelic roundelays,<br> + With splendor upon splendor multiplied;<br> + And Beatrice again at Dante’s side<br> + No more rebukes, but smiles her words of praise.<br> +And then the organ sounds, and unseen choirs<br> + Sing the old Latin hymns of peace and love<br> + And benedictions of the Holy Ghost;<br> +And the melodious bells among the spires<br> + O’er all the house-tops and through heaven above<br> + Proclaim the elevation of the Host! +</p> + +<h3>VI</h3> + +<p class="noindent"> +O star of morning and of liberty!<br> + O bringer of the light, whose splendor shines<br> + Above the darkness of the Apennines,<br> + Forerunner of the day that is to be!<br> +The voices of the city and the sea,<br> + The voices of the mountains and the pines,<br> + Repeat thy song, till the familiar lines<br> + Are footpaths for the thought of Italy!<br> +Thy fame is blown abroad from all the heights,<br> + Through all the nations; and a sound is heard,<br> + As of a mighty wind, and men devout,<br> +Strangers of Rome, and the new proselytes,<br> + In their own language hear thy wondrous word,<br> + And many are amazed and many doubt. +</p> + +</div><!--end chapter--> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1004 ***</div> +</body> + +</html> + diff --git a/1004-h/images/cover.jpg b/1004-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..de3b780 --- /dev/null +++ b/1004-h/images/cover.jpg |
