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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday, March
+30, 1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday, March 30, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: April 29, 2004 [EBook #12198]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 22 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jon Ingram, Internet Library of Early Journals, William
+Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,
+ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+
+
+NO. 22., SATURDAY, MARCH 30. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped
+Edition, 4d.]
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:-- Pages
+  The Taming of the Shrew, by Samuel Hickson
+  Proverbial Sayings and their Origins
+  William Basse and his Poems
+  Folk Lore:--Something else about Salting. Norfolk Weather Proverb,
+    Irish Medical Charms. Death-bed Superstitions
+  Note on Herodotus by Dean Swift
+  Herrick's Hesperides, by J.M. Gutch
+
+QUERIES:--
+  Rev. Dr. Thomlinson 350
+  Minor Queries:--"A" or "An"--The Lucky have whole Days--Line quoted
+    by De Quincey--Bishop Jewel's Papers--Allusion in Friar Brackley's
+    Sermon--Quem Deus Vult perdere--Snow of Chicksand Priory--The
+    Bristol Riots--A living Dog better than a dead Lion--American
+    Bittern--Inquisition in Mexico--Masters of St. Cross--Etymology of
+    "Dalston"--"Brown Study"--Coal-Brandy--Swot
+
+REPLIES:--
+  The Dodo, by S.W. Singer
+  Watching the Sepulchre, by Rev. Dr. Rock, and E.V.
+  Poem by Sir E. Dyer
+  Robert Crowley, by Rev. Dr. Maitland
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--John Ross Mackay--Shipster--Gourders--
+    Rococo--God tempers the Wind--Guildhalls--Treatise of Equivocation--
+    Judas Bell--Grummet
+
+MISCELLANIES:--
+  Duke of Monmouth--To Philautus--Junius--Arabic Numerals
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted
+  Notices to Correspondents
+  Advertisements
+
+
+
+
+THE TAMING OF THE SHREW.
+
+In two former communications on a subject incidental to that to which
+I now beg leave to call your attention, I hinted at a result far more
+important than the discovery of the author of the _Taming of a Shrew_.
+That result I lay before your readers, in stating that I think I can
+show grounds for the assertion that the _Taming of the Shrew_, by
+Shakspeare, is the _original_ play; and that the _Taming of a Shrew_,
+by Marlowe or what other writer soever, is a _later_ work, and an
+_imitation_. I must first, however, state, that having seen Mr. Dyce's
+edition of Marlowe, I find that this writer's claim to the latter
+work had already been advanced by an American gentleman, in a work so
+obvious for reference as Knight's _Library Edition of Shakspeare_. I
+was pretty well acquainted with the contents of Mr. Knight's _first_
+edition; and knowing that the subsequent work of Mr. Collier contained
+nothing bearing upon the point, I did not think of referring to an
+edition published, as I understood, rather for the variation of form
+than on account of the accumulation of new matter. Mr. Dyce appears to
+consider the passages cited as instances of imitation, and not proofs
+of the identity of the writer. His opinion is certainly entitled to
+great respect: yet it may, nevertheless, be remarked, first that the
+instance given, supposing Marlowe not to be the author, would be cases
+of theft rather than imitation, and which, done on so large a scale,
+would scarcely be confined to the works of one writer; and, secondly,
+that in original passages there are instances of an independence and
+vigour of thought equal to the best things that Marlowe ever wrote--a
+circumstance not to be reconciled with the former supposition. The
+following passage exhibits a freedom of thought more characteristic of
+this writer's reputation than are most of his known works:--
+
+  "And custom-free, you marchants shall commerce
+  And interchange the profits of your land,
+  Sending you gold for brasse, silver for lead,
+  Casses of silke for packes of wol and cloth,
+  To bind this friendship and confirme this league."
+
+  _Six Old Plays_, p. 204.
+
+A short account of the process by which I came to a conclusion which,
+if established, must overthrow so many ingenious theories, will not,
+I trust, be uninteresting to your readers. In the relationship between
+these two plays there always seemed to be something which needed
+explanation. It was the only instance among the works of Shakspeare in
+which a direct copy, even to matters of detail, appeared to have been
+made; and, in spite of all attempts to gloss over and palliate, it
+was impossible to deny that an unblushing act of mere piracy seemed
+to have been committed, of which I never could bring myself to believe
+that Shakspeare had been guilty. The readiness to impute this act to
+him was to me but an instance of the unworthy manner in which he had
+almost universally been treated; and, without at the time having any
+suspicion of what I now take to be the fact, {346} I determined, if
+possible, to find it out. The first question I put to myself was, Had
+Shakspeare himself any concern in the older play? A second glance
+at the work sufficed for an answer in the negative. I next asked
+myself on what authority we called it an "older" play. The answer I
+found myself obliged to give was, greatly to my own surprise, On no
+authority whatever! But there was still a difficulty in conceiving
+how, with Shakspeare's work before him, so unscrupulous an imitator
+should have made so poor an imitation. I should not have felt this
+difficulty had I then recollected that the play in question was not
+published; but, as the case stood, I carefully examined the two plays
+together, especially those passages which were identical, or nearly
+so, in both, and noted, in these cases, the minutest variations. The
+result was, that I satisfied myself that the original conception was
+invariably to be found in Shakspeare's play. I have confirmed this
+result in a variety of ways, which your space will not allow me to
+enter upon; therefore, reserving such circumstances for the present
+as require to be enforced by argument, I will content myself with
+pointing out certain passages that bear out my view. I must first,
+however, remind your readers that while some plays, from their
+worthlessness, were never printed, some were withheld from the press
+on account of their very value; and of this latter class were the
+works of Shakspeare. The late publication of his works created the
+impression, not yet quite worn out, of his being a later writer than
+many of his contemporaries, solely because their printed works are
+dated earlier by twenty or thirty years. But for the obstinate effects
+of this impression, it is difficult to conceive how any one could miss
+the original invention of Shakspeare in the induction, and such scenes
+as that between Grumio and the tailor; the humour of which shines,
+even in the feeble reflection of the imitation, in striking contrast
+with those comic(?) scenes which are the undisputed invention of the
+author of the _Taming of a Shrew_.
+
+The first passage I take is from Act IV. Sc. 3.
+
+    "_Grumio_. Thou hast fac'd many _things_?
+
+    "_Tailor_. I have.
+
+    "_Gru._ Face not me: thou hast brav'd many men; brave not me.
+    I will neither be fac'd nor brav'd."
+
+In this passage there is a play upon the terms "fac'd" and "brav'd."
+In the tailor's sense, "things" may be "fac'd" and "men" may be
+"brav'd;" and, by means of this play, the tailor is entrapped into an
+answer. The imitator, having probably seen the play represented, has
+carried away the words, but by transposing them, and with the change
+of one expression--"men" for "things"--has lost the spirit: there is
+a pun no longer. He might have played upon "brav'd," but there he
+does not wait for the tailor's answer; and "fac'd," as he has it, can
+be understood but in one sense, and the tailor's admission becomes
+meaningless. The passage is as follows:--
+
+    "_Saudre_. Dost thou hear, tailor? thou hast brav'd many men;
+    brave not me. Th'ast fac'd many men.
+
+    "_Tailor_. Well, Sir?
+
+    "_Saudre_. Face not me; I'll neither be fac'd nor brav'd at
+    thy hands, I can tell thee."--p. 198.
+
+A little before, in the same scene, Grumio says, "Master, if ever I
+said loose-bodied gown, sew me in the skirts of it, and beat me to
+death with a bottom of brown thread." I am almost tempted to ask if
+passages such as this be not evidence sufficient. In the _Taming of
+a Shrew_, with the variation of "sew me in a _seam_" for "sew me in
+_the skirts of it_," the passage is also to be found; but who can
+doubt the whole of this scene to be by Shakspeare, rather than by the
+author of such scenes, intended to be comic, as one referred to in my
+last communication (No. 15. p. 227., numbered 7.), and shown to be
+identical with one in _Doctor Faustus_? I will just remark, too, that
+the best appreciation of the spirit of the passage, which, one would
+think, should point out the author, is shown in the expression, "sew
+me in the _skirts of it_," which has meaning, whereas the variation
+has none. A little earlier, still in the same scene, the following bit
+of dialogue occurs:--
+
+  "_Kath._ I'll have no bigger; this doth fit the time,
+  And gentlewomen wear such caps as these.
+
+  "_Pet._ When you are gentle, you shall have one too,
+  and not till then."
+
+Katharine's use of the term "gentlewomen" suggests here Petruchio's
+"gentle." In the other play the reply is evidently imitated, but with
+the absence of the suggestive cue:--
+
+  "For I will home again unto my father's house.
+
+  "_Ferando_. I, when y'are meeke and gentle, but not before."--p. 194.
+
+Petruchio, having dispatched the tailor and haberbasher, proceeds--
+
+  "Well, come my Kate: we will unto your father's,
+  Even in these honest mean habiliments;
+  Our purses shall be proud, our garments poor;"--p. 198.
+
+throughout continuing to urge the vanity of outward appearance, in
+reference to the "ruffs and cuffs, and farthingales and things,"
+which he had promised her, and with which the phrase "honest mean
+habiliments" is used in contrast. The sufficiency _to the mind_ of
+these,
+
+  "For 'tis the mind that makes the body rich,"
+
+is the very pith and purpose of the speech. Commencing in nearly the
+same words, the imitator entirely mistakes this, in stating the object
+of clothing to be to "shrowd us from the winter's rage;" which is,
+nevertheless, true enough, though completely beside the purpose. In
+Act II. Sc. 1., Petruchio says,-- {347}
+
+  "Say that she frown; I'll say she looks as clear
+  As morning roses newly wash'd with dew."
+
+Here is perfect consistency: the clearness of the "morning _roses_,"
+arising from their being "wash'd with dew;" at all events, the quality
+being heightened by the circumstance. In a passage of the so-called
+"older" play, the duke is addressed by Kate as "fair, lovely lady,"
+&c.
+
+  "As glorious as the morning wash'd with dew."--p. 203
+
+As the morning does not derive its glory from the circumstance of
+its being "wash'd with dew," and as it is not a peculiarly apposite
+comparison, I conclude that here, too, as in other instances, the
+sound alone has caught the ear of the imitator.
+
+In Act V. Sc. 2., Katharine says,--
+
+  "Then vail your stomachs; for it is no boot;
+  And place your hand below your husband's foot;
+  In token of which duty, if he please,
+  My hand is ready: may it do him ease."
+
+Though Shakspeare was, in general, a most correct and careful writer,
+that he sometimes wrote hastily it would be vain to deny. In the third
+line of the foregoing extract, the meaning clearly is, "as which
+token of duty;" and it is the performance of this "token of duty"
+which Katharine hopes may "do him ease." The imitator, as usual, has
+caught something of the words of the original which he has laboured
+to reproduce at a most unusual sacrifice of grammar and sense; the
+following passage appearing to represent that the wives, by laying
+their hands under their husbands' feet--no reference being made to
+the act as a token of duty--in some unexplained manner, "might procure
+them ease."
+
+  "Laying our hands under their feet to tread,
+  If that by that we might procure their ease,
+  And, for a precedent, I'll first begin
+  And lay my hand under my husband's feet."--p. 213.
+
+One more instance, and I have done. Shakspeare has imparted a
+dashing humorous character to this play, exemplified, among other
+peculiarities, by such rhyming of following words as--
+
+  "Haply to _wive_ and _thrive_ as least I may."
+
+  "We will have _rings_ and _things_ and fine array."
+
+  "With _ruffs_, and _cuffs_, and farthingales and things."
+
+I quote these to show that the habit was Shakspeare's. In Act I. Sc.
+1. occurs the passage--"that would thoroughly woo her, wed her, and
+bed her, and rid the house of her." The sequence here is perfectly
+natural: but observe the change: in Ferando's first interview with
+Kate, he says,--
+
+  "My mind, sweet Kate, doth say I am the man
+  Must wed and bed _and marrie_ bonnie Kate."--p. 172.
+
+In the last scene, Petruchio says,--
+
+  "Come, Kate, we'll to bed:
+  We three are married, but you two are sped."
+
+Ferando has it thus:--
+
+  "'Tis Kate and I am wed, and you are sped:
+  And so, farewell, for we will to our bed."--p. 214.
+
+Is it not evident that Shakespeare chose the word "sped" as a rhyme to
+"bed," and that the imitator, in endeavouring to recollect the jingle,
+has not only spoiled the rhyme, but missed the fact that all "three"
+were "married," notwithstanding that "two" were "sped"?
+
+It is not in the nature of such things that instances should be
+either numerous or very glaring; but it will be perceived that in all
+of the foregoing, the purpose, and sometimes even the meaning, is
+intelligible only in the form in which we find it in Shakespeare. I
+have not urged all that I might, even in this branch of the question;
+but respect for your space makes me pause. In conclusion, I will
+merely state, that I have no doubt myself of the author of the _Taming
+of a Shrew_ having been Marlowe; and that, if in some scenes it appear
+to fall short of what we might have expected from such a writer,
+such inferiority arises from the fact of its being an imitation, and
+probably required at a short notice. At the same time, though I do
+not believe Shakspeare's play to contain a line of any other writer,
+I think it extremely probable that we have it only in a revised form,
+and that, consequently, the play which Marlow imitated might not
+necessarily have been that fund of life and humour that we find it
+now.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+St. John's Wood, March 19. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PROVERBIAL SAYINGS AND THEIR ORIGINS--PLAGIARISMS AND PARALLEL
+PASSAGES.
+
+  "[Greek: 'On oi Theoi philousin apothnaeskei neos]."
+
+Brunck, _Po�t� Gnomici_, p. 231., quoted by Gibbon, _Decl. and Fall_
+(Milman. Lond. 1838. 8vo.), xii. 355. (_note_ 65.)
+
+  "Quem Jupiter vult perdere, pri�s dementat."
+
+These words are Barnes's translation of the following fragment of
+Euripides, which is the 25th in Barnes' ed. (see _Gent.'s Mag._, July,
+1847, p. 19, _note_):--
+
+  "[Greek: 'Otan de Daimon andri porsynae kaka,
+  Ton noun exlapse proton]."
+
+This, or a similar passage, may have been employed proverbially in
+the time of Sophocles. See l. 632. et seq. of the _Antigone_ (ed.
+Johnson. Londini. 1758. 8vo.); on which passage there is the following
+scholium:--
+
+  "[Greek: Meta sophias gar upo tinos aoidimou kleinon epos pephantai,
+    'Otan d' o daimon andri porsynae kaka,
+    Ton noun exlapse proton o bouleuetai.]" {348}
+
+Respecting the lines referred to in the Chorus, Dr. Donaldson makes
+the following remarks, in his critical edition of the _Antigone_,
+published in 1848:--
+
+    "The parallel passages for this adage are fully given by
+    Ruhnken on Velleius Paterculus, ii. 57. (265, 256.), and by
+    Wyttenbach on Plutarch, _De Audiendis Poetis_, p. 17. B. (pp.
+    190, 191.)"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Music hath charms to soothe a savage breast,
+  To soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak."
+
+Congreve's _Mourning Bride_, act i. sc. i. l. 1.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "L'appetit vient en mangeant."
+
+Rabelais, _Gargantua_, Liv. i. chap. 5. (vol. i. p. 136, ed. Variorum.
+Paris, 1823. 8vo.)
+
+This proverb had been previously used by Amyot, and probably also
+by Jerome le (or de) Hangest, who was a Doctor of the Sorbonne, and
+adversary of Luther, and who died in 1538.--Ibid. p. 136 (_note_ 49.).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I know not how old may be "to put the cart before the horse." Rabelais
+(i. 227.) has--
+
+  "Il mettoyt la charrette devant les beufz."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "If the sky falls, we shall catch larks."
+
+Rabelais (i. 229, 230.):--
+
+  "Si les nues tomboyent, esperoyt prendre alouettes."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Good nature and good sense must ever join;
+  To err is human, to forgive divine."
+
+Pope's _Essay on Criticism_, pp. 524, 525.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Nay, fly to altars, there they'll talk you dead;
+  For fools rush in where angels fear to tread."
+
+Ib. pp. 624, 625.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Emperor Alexander of Russia is said to have declared himself
+"un accident heureux." The expression occurs in Mad. de Sta�l's
+_Allemagne_, � xvi.:--
+
+    "Mais quand dans un �tat social le bonbeur lui-m�me n'est,
+    pour ainsi dire, _qu'un accident heureux_ ... le patriotisme a
+    peu de pers�v�rance."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Gibbon, _Decl. and Fall_ (Lond. 1838. 8vo.), i. 134.:--
+
+    "His (T. Antoninus Pius') reign is marked by the rare
+    advantage of furnishing very few mater�als for history;
+    which is indeed little more than the register of the crimes,
+    follies, and misfortunes of mankind."
+
+Gibbon's first volume was published in 1776, and Voltaire's _Ingenii_
+in 1767. In the latter we find--
+
+  "En effet, l'historie n'est que le tableau des crimes
+  et des malheurs."--_Oeuvres de Voltaire_ (ed. Beuchot.
+  Paris, 1884. 8vo.), tom. xxxiii. p. 427.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Gibbon, vol. ix. p. 94.:--
+
+    "In every deed of mischief, he (Andronicus Comnenus) had a
+    heart to resolve, a head to contrive, and a hand to execute."
+
+Cf. Voltaire, "Si�cle de Louis XV." (_Oeuvres_, xxi. p. 67.):--
+
+    "Il (le Chevalier de Belle-Isle) �tait capable de tout
+    imaginer, de tout arranger, et de tout faire."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Guerre aux chateaux, paix � la chaumi�re,"
+
+ascribed to Condorcet, in _Edin. Rev._ April, 1800. p. 240. (_note_*)
+
+By Thiers (_Hist. de la R�v. Fran�._ Par. 1846. 8vo. ii. 283.), these
+words are attributed to Cambon; while, in Lamartine's _Hist. des
+Girondins_ (Par. 1847. 8vo.), Merlin is represented to have exclaimed
+in the Assembly, "D�clarez la guerre aux rois et la paix aux nations."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Macaulay's _Hist. of England_ (1st ed.), ii. 476:--
+
+    "But the iron stoicism of William never gave way: and he
+    stood among his weeping friends calm and austere, as if he
+    had been about to leave them only for a short visit to his
+    hunting-grounds at Loo."
+
+  "... non alit�r tamen
+    Dimovit obstantes propinquos,
+      Et populum reditus morantem,
+  Qu�m si clientum longa negotia
+  Dijudicat� lite relinqueret,
+    Tendens Venafranos in agros,
+      Aut Laced�monium Tarentum."
+
+Hor. _Od._ iii. v. 50-56.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "De meretrice puta qu�d sit sua filia puta,
+    Nam sequitur levit�r filia matris iter."
+
+These lines are said by M�nage (_Menagiana_, Amstm. 1713. 18mo., iii.
+12mo.) to exist in a Commentary "In composita verborum Joannis de
+Galandi�."
+
+F.C.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM BASSE AND HIS POEMS.
+
+Your correspondent, the Rev. T. Corser, in his note on William Basse,
+says, that he has been informed that there are, in Winchester College
+Library, in a 4to. volume, some poems of that writer. I have the
+pleasure of assuring him that his information is correct, and that
+they are the "Three Pastoral Elegies" mentioned by Ritson. The
+title-page runs thus:--
+
+    "Three Pastoral Elegies of Anander, Anetor, and Muridella, by
+    William Bas. Printed by V.S. for J.B., and are to be sold
+    at his shop in Fleet Street, at the sign of the Great Turk's
+    Head, 1602."
+
+Then follows a dedication, "To the Honourable {349} and Virtuous
+Lady, the Lady Tasburgh;" from which dedication it appears that
+these Pastoral Elegies were among the early efforts of his Muse. The
+author, after making excuses for not having repaid her Ladyship's
+encouragement earlier, says,--
+
+    "Finding my abilitie too little to make the meanest
+    satisfaction of so great a principall as is due to so many
+    favourable curtesies, I am bold to tende your Ladyship this
+    unworthy interest, wherewithal I will put in good securitie,
+    that as soone as time shall relieve the necessitie of my young
+    invention, I will disburse my Muse to the uttermost mite of
+    my power, to make some more acceptable composition with your
+    bounty. In the mean space, living without hope to be ever
+    sufficient inough to yeeld your worthinesse the smallest
+    halfe of your due, I doe only desire to leave your ladyship
+    in assurance--
+
+  "That when increase of age and learning sets
+    My mind in wealthi'r state than now it is,
+  I'll pay a greater portion of my debts,
+    Or mortgage you a better Muse than this;
+    Till then, no kinde forbearance is amisse,
+  While, though I owe more than I can make good,
+  This is inough, to shew how faine I woo'd,
+
+                  Your Ladyship's in all humblenes
+
+                                   "WILLUM BAS."
+
+The first Pastoral consists of thirty-seven stanzas; the second
+of seventy-two; the third of forty-eight; each stanza of eight
+ten-syllable verses, of which the first six rhyme alternately; the
+last two are a couplet. There is a short argument, in verse, prefixed
+to each poem. That of the first runs thus:--
+
+  "Anander lets Anetor wot
+  His love, his lady, and his lot."
+
+of the second,--
+
+  "Anetor seeing, seemes to tell
+  The beauty of faire Muridell,
+  And in the end, he lets hir know
+  Anander's plaint, his love, his woe."
+
+of the third,--
+
+  "Anander sick of love's disdaine
+  Doth change himself into a swaine;
+  While dos the youthful shepherd show him
+  His Muridellaes answer to him."
+
+This notice of these elegies cannot fail to be highly interesting to
+your correspondent on Basse and his works, and others of your readers
+who feel an interest in recovering the lost works of our early poets.
+
+W.H. GUNNER
+
+Winchester, March 16. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Something else about "Salting."_--On the first occasion, after birth,
+of any children being taken into a neighbour's house, the mistress
+of the house always presents the babe with an egg, a little flour,
+and some salt; and the nurse, to ensure good luck, gives the child
+a taste of the pudding, which is forthwith compounded out of these
+ingredients. This little "mystery" has occurred too often to be merely
+accidental; indeed, all my poorer neighbours are familiarly acquainted
+with the custom; and they tell me that money is often given in
+addition at the houses of the rich.
+
+What is the derivation of _cum grano salis_ as a hint of caution? Can
+it come from the M.D.'s prescription; or is it the grain of Attic salt
+or wit for which allowance has to be made in every well-told story?
+
+A.G.
+
+Ecclesfield Vicarage, March 16, 1850.
+
+
+_Norfolk-Weather-Rhyme_.
+
+  "First comes David, then comes Chad,
+  And then comes Winneral as though he was mad,
+      White or black,
+      Or old house thack."
+
+The first two lines of this weather proverb may be found in Hone's
+_Every-Day Book_, and in Denham's _Proverbs and Popular Sayings
+relating to the Seasons_ (edited for the Percy Society): but St.
+Winwaloe, whose anniversary falls on the 3rd of March, is there called
+"Winnold," and not, as in our bit of genuine Norfolk, _Winneral_.
+Those versions also want the explanation, that at this time there will
+be either snow, rain, or wind; which latter is intended by the "old
+house thack," or thatch.
+
+_Medical Charms used in Ireland--Charm for Toothache_.--It is a
+singular fact, that the charm for toothache stated (No. 19. p. 293.)
+to be prevalent in the south-eastern counties of England, is also used
+by the lower orders in the county of Kilkenny, and perhaps other parts
+of Ireland. I have often heard the charm: it commences, "Peter sat
+upon a stone; Jesus said, 'What aileth thee, Peter?'" and so on, as
+in the English form.
+
+_To cure Warts_, the following charm is used:--A wedding-ring is
+procured, and the wart touched or pricked with a gooseberry thorn
+through the ring.
+
+_To cure Epilepsy_, take three drops of sow's milk.
+
+_To cure Blisters_ in a cow's mouth, cut the blisters; then slit the
+upper part of the tail, insert a clove of garlic, and tie a piece of
+_red cloth_ round the wound.
+
+_To cure the Murrain in Cows_.--This disease is supposed to be
+caused by the cow having been stung about the mouth while feeding, in
+consequence of contact with some of the larger larv� of the moth (as
+of the Death's-head Sphynx, &c.), which have a soft fleshy horn on
+their tails, erroneously believed to be a sting. If a farmer is so
+lucky as to procure one of these rare larv�, he is to bore a hole in
+an _ash tree_, and plug up the unlucky caterpillar alive in it. The
+leaves of that ash tree will, from thenceforth, be a specific against
+the disease.
+
+The universal prevalence of the superstition concerning the ash is
+extremely curious.
+
+J.G.
+
+Kilkenny. {350}
+
+
+_Death-bed Superstition_.--See _Guy Mannering_, ch. xxvii. and note
+upon it:--
+
+    "The popular idea that the protracted struggle between life
+    and death is painfully prolonged by keeping the door of the
+    apartment shut, was received as certain by the superstitious
+    eld of Scotland."
+
+In my country (West Gloucestershire) they throw open the windows at
+the moment of death.
+
+The notion of the escape of the soul through an opening is probably
+only in part the origin of this superstition. It will not account for
+opening _all_ the locks in the house. There is, I conceive, a notion
+of analogy and association.
+
+"Nexosque et solveret artus," says Virgil, at the death of Dido. They
+thought the soul, or the life, was tied up, and that the unloosing
+of any knot might help to get rid of the principle, as one may call
+it. For the same superstition prevailed in Scotland as to marriage
+(Dalyell, p. 302.). Witches cast knots on a cord; and in a parish in
+Perthshire both parties, just before marriage, had every knot or tie
+about them loosened, though they immediately proceeded, in private,
+severally to tie them up again. And as to the period of childbirth,
+see the grand and interesting ballad in Walter Scott's _Border Poems_,
+vol. ii. p. 27., "Willye's Lady."
+
+C.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTE ON HERODOTUS BY DEAN SWIFT.
+
+The inclosed unpublished note of Dean Swift will, I hope, be deemed
+worthy of a place in your columns. It was written by him in his
+Herodotus, which is now in the library of Winchester College,
+having been presented to it in 1766, by John Smyth de Burgh, Earl
+of Clanricarde. The genuineness of the handwriting is attested by a
+certificate of George Faulkner, who, it appears, was well qualified
+to decide upon it. The edition is Jungerman's, folio, printed by Paul
+Stephens, in 1718.
+
+W.H. GUNNER.
+
+    "_Judicium de Herodoto post longum tempus relicto_:--
+
+    "Ctesias mendacissimus Herodotum mendaciorum arguit, exceptis
+    paucissimis (ut mea fert sententia) omnimodo excusandum.
+    C�terum diverticulis abundans, hic pater Historicorum, filum
+    narrationis ad t�dium abrumpit; unde oritur (ut par est)
+    legentibus confusio, et exinde oblivio. Quin et forsan ips�
+    narrationes circumstantiis nimium pro re scatent. Quod ad
+    c�tera, hunc scriptorem inter apprim� laudandos censeo, neque
+    Gr�cis, neque barbaris plus �quo faventem, aut iniquum: in
+    orationibus fere brevem, simplicem, nec nimis frequentem:
+    Neque absunt dogmata, e quibus eruditus lector prudentiam,
+    tam moralem, quam civilem, haurire poterit.
+
+    "Julii 6: 1720. J. SWIFT"
+
+    "I do hereby certify that the above is the handwriting of the
+    late Dr. Jonathan Swift, D.S.P.D., from whom I have had many
+    letters and printed several pieces from his original MS.
+
+    "Dublin, Aug. 21. 1762. GEORGE FAULKNER."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HERRICK'S HESPERIDES.
+
+There can be few among your subscribers who are unacquainted with
+the sweet lyric effusion of Herrick "to the Virgins, to make much
+of Time," beginning--
+
+  "Gather you rose-buds while ye may,
+    Old Time is still a-flying;
+  And this same flower, that smiles to-day,
+    To-morrow will be dying."
+
+The following "Answer" appeared in a publication not so well known
+as the _Hesperides_. I have therefore made a note of it from _Cantos,
+Songs, and Stanzas_, &c., 3rd ed. printed in Aberdeen, by John Forbes,
+1682.
+
+  "I gather, where I hope to gain,
+    I know swift Time doth fly;
+  Those fading buds methinks are vain,
+    To-morrow that may die.
+
+  "The higher Phoebus goes on high,
+    The lower is his fall;
+  But length of days gives me more light,
+    Freedom to know my thrall.
+
+  "Then why do ye think I lose my time,
+    Because I do not marrie;
+  Vain fantasies make not my prime,
+    Nor can make me miscarrie."
+
+J.M. GUTCH.
+
+Worcester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES.
+
+REV. DR. TOMLINSON.
+
+Mr. G. Bouchier Richardson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, who is at present
+engaged in compiling the life and correspondence of Robert Thomlinson,
+D.D., Rector of Whickham, co. Dur.; Lecturer of St. Nicholas,
+Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and founder of the Thomlinson Library there;
+Prebendary of St. Paul's; and Vice-Principal of Edmund Hall, Oxon., is
+very anxious for the communication of any matter illustrative of the
+life of the Doctor, his family and ancestry; which, it is presumed,
+is derivable from the family of that name long seated at Howden, in
+Yorkshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_"A" or "An," before Words, beginning with a Vowel._--Your readers are
+much indebted to Dr. Kennedy for his late exposure of the erroneous,
+though common, use of the phrase "mutual friend," and I am convinced
+that there are many similar solecisms which only require to be
+denounced to ensure their disuse. I am anxious to ask the opinion
+of Dr. K., and others of your subscribers, on another point in the
+English language, namely, the principles which should guide our use of
+"A" or "An" before a word beginning with a vowel, as the practice does
+not appear to be uniform in this respect. The {351} minister of my
+parish invariably says in his sermon, "Such an one," which, I confess,
+to my ear is grating enough. I conclude he would defend himself by
+the rule that where the succeeding word, as "one," begins with a
+vowel, "An," and not "A," should be used; but this appears to me not
+altogether satisfactory, as, though "one" is spelt as beginning with
+a vowel, it is _pronounced_ as if beginning with a consonant thus,
+"won." The rule of adding or omitting the final "n," according as the
+following word commences with a vowel or a consonant, was meant, I
+conceive, entirely for elegance in _speaking_, to avoid the jar on
+the ear which would otherwise be occasioned, and has no reference
+to _writing_, or the appearance on paper of the words. I consider,
+therefore, that an exception must be made to the rule of using "An"
+before words beginning with a vowel in cases where the words are
+pronounced as if beginning with a consonant, as "one," "use," and its
+derivatives, "ubiquity," "unanimity," and some others which will no
+doubt occur to your readers. I should be glad to be informed if my
+opinion is correct; and I will only further observe, that the same
+remarks are applicable towards words beginning with "_h_." _An horse_
+sounds as bad as _a hour_; and it is obvious that in these cases
+employment of "A" or "An" is dictated by the consideration whether the
+aspirate is _sounded_ or is _quiescent_, and has no reference to the
+spelling of the word.
+
+PRISCIAN.
+
+
+_The Lucky have whole Days._--I, like your correspondent "P.S." (No.
+15., p. 231.), am anxious to ascertain the authorship of the lines to
+which he refers.
+
+They stand in my Common-place Book as follows, which I consider to be
+a more correct version than that given by "P.S.":--
+
+  "Fate's dark recesses we can never find,
+  But Fortune, at some hours, to all is kind:
+  The lucky have whole days, which still they choose;
+  The unlucky have but hours, and those they lose."
+
+H.H.
+
+
+_Line quoted by De Quincey._--"S.P.S." inquires who is the author of
+the following line, quoted by De Quincey in the _Confessions of an
+English Opium Eater_:--
+
+  "Battlements that on their restless fronts bore stars."
+
+
+_Bishop Jewel's Papers._--It is generally understood that the papers
+left by Bishop Jewel were bequeathed to his friend Dr. Garbrand, who
+published some of them. The rest, it has been stated, passed from Dr.
+G. into the possession of New College, Oxford. Are any of these still
+preserved in the library of that college? or, if not, can any trace
+be found of the persons into whose hands they subsequently came, or
+of the circumstances under which they were lost to New College?
+
+A.H.
+
+
+_Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon_.--In Fenn's _Paston Letters_,
+XCVIII. (vol. iii., p. 393., or vol. i., p. 113. Bohn), entitled "An
+ancient Whitsunday Sermon, preached by Friar Brackley (whose hand it
+is). At the Friers Minors Church in Norwich" occurs the following:--
+
+    "Semiplenum gaudium est quando quis in pr�senti gaudet et tunc
+    cogitans de futuris dolet; ut in quodam libro Gr�co, &c."
+
+    "Quidam Rex Gr�ci�, &c.; here ye may see but half a joy; who
+    should joy in this world if he remembered him of the pains of
+    the other world?"
+
+What is the Greek Book, and who is the king of Greece alluded to?
+
+N.E.R.
+
+
+_Selden's Titles of Honour_.--Does any gentleman possess a MS. Index
+to Selden's _Titles of Honour_? Such, if printed, would be a boon; for
+it is a dreadful book to wade through for what one wants to find.
+
+B.
+
+
+_Colonel Hyde Seymour_.--In a book dated 1720, is written "Borrow the
+Book of Col. Hyde Seymour." I am anxious to know who the said Colonel
+was, his birth, &c.?
+
+B.
+
+
+_Quem Deus vult perdere, &c._--Prescot, in his _History of the
+Conquest of Peru_ (vol. ii., p. 404., 8vo. ed.), says, while remarking
+on the conduct of Gonzalo Pisaro, that it may be accounted for by "the
+insanity," as the Roman, or rather Grecian proverb calls it, "with
+which the gods afflict men when they design to ruin them." He quotes
+the Greek proverb from a fragment of Euripides, in his note:--
+
+  "[Greek: Otan de Daimon andri parsunei kaka
+  Ton noun eblapse proton.]"
+
+I wish to know whether the Roman proverb, _Quem vult perdere Deus
+prius dementat_, is merely a translation of this, or whether it is to
+be found in a Latin author? If the latter, in what author? Is it in
+Seneca?
+
+EDWARD S. JACKSON.
+
+
+_Southwell's Supplication_.--Can any one inform me where I can see a
+copy of _Robert Southwell's Supplication to Queen Elizabeth_, which
+was printed, according to Watts, in 1593? or can any one, who has seen
+it, inform me what is the style and character of it?
+
+J.S.
+
+
+_Gesta Grayorum_.--In Nichol's _Progresses of Queen Elizabeth_, vol.
+iii., p. 262., a tract is inserted, entitled "Gesta Grayorum; or,
+History of the High and Mighty Prince Henry, Prince of Purpoole, &c.,
+who lived and died in A.D. 1594." The original is said to have been
+printed in 1688, by Mr. Henry Keepe. Is any copy of it to be had or
+seen?
+
+J.S.
+
+
+_Snow of Chicksand Priory_.--"A.J.S.P." desires information respecting
+the immediate descendants of R. Snow, Esq., to whom the site of {352}
+Chicksand Priory, Bedfordshire, was granted, 1539: it was alienated
+by his family, about 1600, to Sir John Osborn, Knt., whose descendants
+now possess it. In Berry's _Pedigrees of Surrey Families_, p. 83., I
+find an Edward Snowe of Chicksand mentioned as having married Emma,
+second daughter of William Byne, Esq., of Wakehurst, Sussex. What was
+his relationship to R. Snow, mentioned above? The arms of this family
+are, Per fesse nebul�e azure, and argent three antelopes' heads,
+erased counterchanged, armed or.
+
+
+_The Bristol Riots_.--"J.B.M." asks our Bristol readers what
+compilation may be relied on as an accurate description of the Bristol
+riots of 1831? and whether _The Bristol Riots, their Causes, Progress,
+and Consequences, by a Citizen_, is generally received as an accurate
+account?
+
+1, Union Place, Lisson Grove.
+
+
+_A Living Dog better that a Dead Lion_.--Can any of your readers
+inform me with whom the proverb originated: "_A living dog is better
+than a dead lion?_" F. Domin. Bannez (or Bannes), in his defence of
+Cardinal Cajetan, after his death, against the attacks of Cardinal
+Catharinus and Melchior Canus (_Comment. in prim. par. S. Thom._ p.
+450. ed. Duaci, 1614), says--
+
+    "Certe potest dici de istis, quod de Gr�cis insultantibus
+    Hectori jam mortuo dixit Homerus, qu�d _leoni mortuo etiam
+    lepores insultant_."
+
+Query? Is this, or any like expression, to be found in Homer? If so,
+I should feel much obliged to any of your correspondents who would
+favour me with the reference.
+
+JOHN SANSOM.
+
+
+_Author of "Literary Leisure_."--Can any of your readers inform me of
+the name of the author of _Literary Leisure_, published by Miller,
+Old Bond Street, 1802, in 2 volumes? It purports to have come out in
+weekly parts, of which the first is dated Sept. 26. 1799. It contains
+many interesting papers in prose and verse: it is dedicated to the
+Editors of the _Monthly Review_. The motto in the title-page is--
+
+  "Saiva res est: philosophatur quoque jam;
+  Quod erat ei nomen? Thesaurochrysonicochrysides."--Plautus.
+
+Is the work noticed in the _Monthly Review_, about that time?
+
+NEMO.
+
+
+_The Meaning of "Complexion."_--Is the word "complexion," used in
+describing an individual, to be considered as applied to the _tint_
+of the skin only, or to the colour of the hair and eyes? Can a person,
+having dark eyes and hair, but with a clear white skin, be said to be
+fair?
+
+NEMO.
+
+
+_American Bittern--Derivation of "Calamity."_--It has been stated of
+an American Bittern, that it has the power of admitting rays of light
+from its breast, by which fish are attracted within its reach. Can any
+one inform me as to the fact, or refer me to any ornithological work
+in which I can find it?
+
+In answer to "F.S. Martin"--Calamity (_calamitas_), not from
+_calamus_, as it is usually derived, but perhaps from obs.
+_calamis_, i.e. _columis_, from [Greek: kholo, kolhao, kolhazo] to
+maim, mutilate, and so for _columitas_. (See Riddle's _Lat.-Eng.
+Dictionary_.)
+
+AUGUSTINE.
+
+
+_Inquisition in Mexico._--"D." wishes to be furnished with references
+to any works in which the actual establishment of the Inquisition in
+Mexico is mentioned or described, or in which any other information
+respecting it is conveyed.
+
+
+_Masters of St. Cross_.--"H. EDWARDS" will be obliged by information
+of any work except _Dugdale's Monasticon_, containing a list of the
+names of the Master of the Hospital of St. Cross, Winchester; or of
+the Masters or Priors of the same place before Humphry de Milers;
+and of the Masters between Bishop Sherborne, about 1491, and Bishop
+Compton, about 1674.
+
+
+_Etymology of "Dalston."_--The hamlet of Hackney, now universally
+known only as _Dalston_, is spelt by most topographists _Dorleston_
+or _Dalston_. I have seen it in one old Gazette _Darlston_, and
+I observed it lately, on a stone let in to an old row of houses,
+_Dolston_; this was dated 1792. I have searched a great many books in
+vain to discover the etymology, and from it, of course, the correct
+spelling of the word, the oldest form of which that I can find is
+_Dorleston_.
+
+The only probable derivations of it that I can find are the old words
+_Doles_ and _ton_ (from Saxon _dun_), a village built upon a slip of
+land between furrows of ploughed earth; or _Dale_ (Dutch _Dal_), and
+_stone_, a bank in a valley. The word may, however, be derived from
+some man's name, though I can find none at all like it in a long list
+of tenants upon Hackney Manor that I have searched. If any of your
+readers can furnish this information they will much oblige.
+
+H.C. DE ST. CROIX.
+
+
+_"Brown Study"_--a term generally applied to intense reverie. Why
+"brown," rather than blue or yellow? _Brown_ must be a corruption of
+some word. Query of "barren," in the sense of fruitless or useless?
+
+D.V.S.
+
+
+_Coal Brandy_.--People now old can recollect that, when young, they
+heard people then old talk of "coal-brandy." What was this? _Cold_?
+or, in modern phase, _raw_, _neat_, or _genuine_?
+
+CANTAB.
+
+
+_Swot_.--I have often heard military men talk of _swot_, meaning
+thereby mathematics; and persons eminent in that science are termed
+"_good swots_." As I never heard the word except amongst the military,
+but there almost universally in "free and {353} easy," conversation,
+I am led to think it a cant term. At any rate, I shall be glad to be
+informed of its origin,--if it be not lost in the mists of soldierly
+antiquity.
+
+CANTAB.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES.
+
+THE DODO.
+
+Mr. Strickland has justly observed that this subject "belongs rather
+to human history than to pure zoology." Though I have not seen Mr.
+Strickland's book, I venture to offer him a few suggestions, not as
+_answers_ to his questions, but as slight aids towards the resolution
+of some of them.
+
+Qu. 1. There can be no doubt about the discovery of Mauritius
+and Bourbon by the Portuguese; and if not by a Mascarhenas, that
+the islands were first so named in honour of some member of that
+illustrious family, many of whom make a conspicuous figure in the
+Decads of the Portuguese Livy. I expected to have found some notice
+of the discovery in the very curious little volume of Antonio
+Galva�, printed in 1563, under the following title:--_Tratado dos
+Descobrimentos Antigos, e Modernos feitos at� a Era de 1550_; but I
+merely find a vague notice of several nameless islands--"alguma Ilheta
+sem gente: onde diz que tomara� agoa e lenha"--and that, in 1517,
+Jorge Mascarenhas was despatched by sea to the coast of China. This
+is the more provoking, as, in general, Galva� is very circumstantial
+about the discoveries of his countrymen.
+
+Qu. 5. The article in Ree's _Cyclop�dia_ is a pretty specimen of the
+manner in which such things are sometimes concocted, as the following
+extracts will show:--
+
+    "Of _Bats_ they have as big as Hennes about Java and the
+    neighbor islands. Clusius bought one of the Hollanders, which
+    they brought from the Island of Swannes (Ilha do Cisne), newly
+    styled by them Maurice Island. It was about a foot from head
+    to taile, above a foot about; the wings one and twenty inches
+    long, nine broad; the claw, whereby it hung on the trees, was
+    two inches," &c. "Here also they found a Fowle, which they
+    called Walgh-vogel, of the bigness of a Swanne, and most
+    deformed shape." (_Purchas his Pilgrimage_, 1616, p. 642.)
+
+And afterward, speaking of the island of Madura, he says,--
+
+    "In these partes are Battes as big as Hennes, which the people
+    roast and eat."
+
+In the _Lettres �difiantes_ (edit. 1781, t. xiii. p. 302.) is a letter
+from P�re Brown to Madame de Benamont concerning the Isle of Bourbon,
+which he calls "_l'Isle de Mascarin_" erroneously saying it was
+discovered by the Dutch about sixty years since. (The letter is
+supposed to have been written about the commencement of the eighteenth
+century.) He then relates how it was peopled by French fugitives
+from Madagascar, when the massacre there took place on account of
+the conduct of the _French_ king and his court. In describing its
+production, he says,--
+
+    "Vers l'est de cette Isle il y a une petite plaine au haut
+    d'une montagne, qu'on appelle la Plaine des _Caffres_, o�
+    l'on trouve un gros _oiseau bleu_, dont la couleur est fort
+    �clatante. Il ressemble � un pigeon ramier; il vole rarement,
+    et toujours en rasant la terre, mais il marche avec une
+    vitesse surprenante; les habitans ne lui ont point encore
+    donn� d'autre nom que celui _d'oiseau bleu_; sa chair est
+    assez bonne et se conserve longtemps."
+
+Not a word, however, about the _Dodo_, which had it then existed
+there, would certainly have been noticed by the observant Jesuit.
+But now for the _bat_:--
+
+    "La _chauve-souris_ est ici de la grosseur d'une poule. Cet
+    _oiseau_ ne vit que de fruits et de grains, et c'est un mets
+    fort commun dans le pays. J'avois de la r�pugnance � suivre
+    l'exemple de ceux qui en mangeoient; mais en ayant go�t� par
+    surprise, j'en trouvai la chair fort d�licate. On peut dire
+    que cet _animal_, qu'on abhorre naturellement, n'a rien de
+    mauvais que la figure."
+
+The Italics are mine; but they serve to show how the confusion has
+arisen. The writer speaks of the almost entire extinction of the land
+Turtles, which were formerly abundant; and says, that the island was
+well stocked with goats and wild hogs, but for some time they had
+retreated to the mountains, where no one dared venture to wage war
+upon them.
+
+Again, in the _Voyage de l'Arabie Heureuse par l'Oc�an Oriental et
+le D�troit de la Mer rouge, dans les Ann�es 1708-10_ (Paris, 1716,
+12mo.), the vessels visit both Mauritius and Bourbon, and some account
+of the then state of both islands is given. At the Mauritius, one of
+the captains relates that, foraging for provisions,--
+
+    "Toute notre chasse se borna � quelques pigeons rouge�tres,
+    que nous tu�mes, et qui se laissent tellement approcher,
+    qu'on peut les assommer � coup de pierres. Je tuai aussi
+    deux _chauve-souris_ d'une esp�ce particuli�re, _de couleur
+    violette_, avec de petites taches jaunes, ayant une esp�ce de
+    crampon aux ailes, par o� cet _oiseau_ se pend aux branches
+    des arbres, et _un bec de perroquet_. Les Hollandois disent
+    qu'elles sont bonnes � manger; et qu'en certaine saison, elles
+    valent bien nos b�casses."
+
+At Bourbon, he says,--
+
+  "On y voit grandes nombres _d'oiseau bleu_ qui se
+  nichent dans les herbes et dans les foug�res."
+
+This was in the year 1710. There were then, he says, not more than
+forty Dutch settlers on the Island of Mauritius, and they were daily
+hoping and expecting to be transferred to Batavia. As editor (La
+Roque) subjoins a relation furnished on the authority of M. de Vilers,
+who had been governor there for the India Company, in which it is
+said,-- {354}
+
+    "The island was uninhabited when the Portuguese, after having
+    doubled the Cape of Good Hope, discovered it. They gave it the
+    name of Mascarhenas, _� cause que leur chef se nommoit ainsi_;
+    and the vulgar still preserve it, calling the inhabitants
+    _Mascarins_. It was not decidedly inhabited until 1654, when
+    M. de Flacour, commandant at Madagascar, sent some invalids
+    there to recover their health, that others followed; and since
+    then it has been named the Isle of Bourbon."
+
+Still no notice of the _Dodo!_ but
+
+    "On y trouve des oiseaux appelez _Flamans_, qui excedent la
+    hauteur d'un grand homme."
+
+Qu. 6. I know not whether Mr. S. is aware that there is the head of a
+Dodo in the Royal Museum of Natural History at Copenhagen, which came
+from the collection of Paludanus? M. Domeny de Rienzi, the compiler of
+_Oc�anie, ou cinqui�me Partie du Globe_ (1838, t. iii. p. 384.), tells
+us, that a Javanese captain gave him part of a _Dronte_, which he
+unfortunately lost on being shipwrecked; but he forgot where he said
+he obtained it.
+
+Qu. 7. _Dodo_ is most probably the name given at first to the bird by
+the Portuguese; _Doudo_, in that language, being a fool or _lumpish_
+stupid person. And, besides that name, it bore that of _T�lpel_ in
+German, which has the same signification. The _Dod-aers_ of the Dutch
+is most probably a vulgar epithet of the Dutch sailors, expressive of
+its _lumpish_ conformation and inactivity. Our sailors would possibly
+have substituted heavy-a----. I find the Dodo was also called the
+_Monk-swan_ of St. Maurice's Island at the commencement of last
+century. The word _Dronte_ is apparently neither Portugese nor
+Spanish, though in Connelly's _Dictionary_ of the latter language
+we have--
+
+    "_Dronte_, cierto p�xaro de Indias de alas muy cortas--an
+    appellation given by some to the Dodo."
+
+It seems to me to be connected with _Drone_; but this can only be
+ascertained from the period and the people by whom it was applied.
+
+That the bird once existed there can be no doubt, from the notice
+of Sir Hamon L'Estrange, which there is no reason for questioning;
+and there seems to be as little reason to suppose that Tradescant's
+stuffed specimen was a fabrication. He used to preserve his own
+specimens; and there could be no motive at that period for a
+fabrication. I had hoped to have found some notice of it in the
+_Diary_ of that worthy virtuoso Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach, who
+visited the Ashmolean Museum in 1710; but though he notices other
+natural curiosities, there is no mention of it. This worthy remarks on
+the slovenly condition and inadequate superintendence of our museums,
+and especially of that of Gresham College; but those who recollect
+the state of our great national museum forty years since will not be
+surprised at this, or at the calamitous destruction of Tradescant's
+specimen of the Dodo. That the bird was extinct above 150 years ago I
+think we may conclude from the notices I have extracted from La Roque,
+and the letter of the Jesuit Brown. Mr. Strickland has done good
+service to the cause of natural science by his monograph of this very
+curious subject; and to him every particle of information must be
+acceptable: this must be my excuse for the almost nothing I have been
+able to contribute.
+
+S.W. SINGER.
+
+March 26. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE WATCHING OF THE SEPULCHRE.
+
+Inquired about by "T.W." (No. 20. p. 318.), is a liturgical practice,
+which long was, and still is, observed in Holy Week. On Maundy
+Thursday, several particles of the Blessed Eucharist, consecrated
+at the Mass sung that day, were reserved--a larger one for the
+celebrating priest on the morrow, Good Friday; the smaller ones for
+the viaticum of the dying, should need be, and carried in solemn
+procession all round the church, from the high altar to a temporary
+erection, fitted up like a tomb, with lights, and the figure of an
+angel watching by, on the north side of the chancel. Therein the
+Eucharist was kept till Easter Sunday morning, according to the
+Salisbury Ritual; and there were people kneeling and praying at this
+so-called sepulchre all the time, both night and day. To take care of
+the church, left open throughout this period, and to look after the
+lights, it was necessary for the sacristan to have other men to help
+him; and what was given to them for this service is put down in the
+church-wardens' books as money for "watching the sepulchre." By the
+Roman Ritual, this ceremony lasts only from Maundy Thursday till
+Good Friday. This rite will be duly followed in my own little church
+here at Buckland, where some of my flock, two and two, in stated
+succession, all through the night, as well as day, will be watching
+from just after Mass on Maundy Thursday till next morning's service.
+In some of the large Catholic churches in London and the provinces,
+this ceremony is observed with great splendour.
+
+DANIEL ROCK.
+
+Buckland, Farringdon.
+
+
+_Watching the Sepulchre._--If no one sends a more satisfactory reply
+to the query about "Watching the Sepulchre," the following extract
+from Parker's _Glossary of Architecture_ (3rd edit. p. 197.) will
+throw some light on the matter:--
+
+    "In many churches we find a large flat arch in the north
+    wall of the chancel near the alter, which was called the
+    Holy Sepulchre; and was used at Easter for the performance of
+    solemn rites commemorative of the resurrection of our Lord.
+    On this occasion there was usually a temporary wooden erection
+    over the arch; but, occasionally, the whole was of stone, and
+    very richly ornamented. There are fine specimens at Navenby
+    and Heckington churches, Lincolnshire, and {355} Hawton
+    church, Notts. All these in the decorated style of the
+    fourteenth century; and are of great magnificence, especially
+    the last."
+
+To this account of the sepulchre I may add, that one principal part
+of the solemn rites referred to above consisted in depositing a
+consecrated wafer or, as at Durham Cathedral, a crucifix within
+its recess--a symbol of the entombment of our blessed Lord--and
+removing it with great pomp, accompanied sometimes with a mimetic
+representation of the visit of the Marys to the tomb, on the morning
+of Easter Sunday. This is a subject capable of copious illustration,
+for which, some time since, I collected some materials (which are
+quite at your service); but, as your space is valuable, I will only
+remark, that the "Watching the Sepulchre" was probably in imitation of
+the watch kept by the Roman soldiers round the tomb of Our Lord, and
+with the view of preserving the host from any casualty.
+
+At Rome, the ceremony is anticipated, the wafer being carried in
+procession, on the Thursday in Passion Week, from the Sistine to the
+Paoline Chapel, and brought back again on the Friday; thus missing
+the whole intention of the rite. Dr. Baggs, in his _Ceremonies of Holy
+Week at Rome_, says (p. 65.):--
+
+    "When the pope reaches the altar (of the Capella Paolina),
+    the first cardinal deacon receives from his hands the blessed
+    sacrament, and, preceded by torches, carries it to the upper
+    part of the _macchina_; M. Sagrista places it within the urn
+    commonly called the sepulchre, where it is incensed by the
+    Pope.... M. Sagrista then shuts the sepulchre, and delivers
+    the key to the Card. Penitentiary, who is to officiate on the
+    following day."
+
+E.V.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POEM BY SIR EDWARD DYER.
+
+_Dr. Rimbault's 4th Qu._ (No. 19. p. 302.).--"My mind to me a kingdom
+is" will be found to be of much earlier date than Nicholas Breton.
+Percy partly printed it from William Byrds's _Psalmes, Sonets,
+and Songs of Sadnes_ (no date, but 1588 according to Ames), with
+some additions and _improvements (?)_ from a B.L. copy in the
+Pepysian collection. I have met with it in some early poetical
+miscellany--perhaps Tottel, or _England's Helicon_--but cannot just
+now refer to either.
+
+The following copy is from a cotemporary MS. containing many of
+the poems of Sir Edward Dyer, Edward Earl of Oxford, and their
+cotemporaries, several of which have never been published. The
+collection appears to have been made by Robert Mills, of Cambridge.
+Dr. Rimbault will, no doubt, be glad to compare this text with
+Breton's. It is, at least, much more genuine than the _composite_
+one given by Bishop Percy.
+
+  "My mynde to me a kyngdome is,
+    Suche preasente joyes therin I fynde,
+  That it excells all other blisse,
+    That earth affordes or growes by kynde;
+  Thoughe muche I wante which moste would have,
+  Yet still my mynde forbiddes to crave.
+
+  "No princely pompe, no wealthy store,
+    No force to winne the victorye,
+  No wilye witt to salve a sore,
+    No shape to feade a loving eye;
+  To none of these I yielde as thrall,
+  For why? my mynde dothe serve for all.
+
+  "I see howe plenty suffers ofte,
+    And hasty clymers sone do fall,
+  I see that those which are alofte
+    Mishapp dothe threaten moste of all;
+  They get with toyle, they keepe with feare,
+  Suche cares my mynde coulde never beare.
+
+  "Content to live, this is my staye,
+    I seeke no more than maye suffyse,
+  I presse to beare no haughty swaye;
+    Look what I lack, my mynde supplies;
+  Lo, thus I triumph like a kynge,
+  Content with that my mynde doth bringe.
+
+  "Some have too muche, yet still do crave,
+    I little have and seek no more,
+  They are but poore, though muche they have,
+    And I am ryche with lyttle store;
+  They poore, I ryche, they begge, I gyve,
+  They lacke, I leave, they pyne, I lyve.
+
+  "I laughe not at another's losse,
+    I grudge not at another's payne;
+  No worldly wants my mynde can toss,
+    My state at one dothe still remayne:
+  I feare no foe, I fawn no friende,
+  I lothe not lyfe nor dreade my ende.
+
+  "Some weighe their pleasure by theyre luste,
+    Theyre wisdom by theyre rage of wyll,
+  Theyre treasure is theyre onlye truste,
+    A cloked crafte theyre store of skylle:
+  But all the pleasure that I fynde
+  Is to mayntayne a quiet mynde.
+
+  "My wealthe is healthe and perfect ease,
+    My conscience cleere my chiefe defence,
+  I neither seek by brybes to please,
+    Nor by deceyte to breede offence;
+  Thus do I lyve, thus will I dye,
+  Would all did so as well as I.
+
+    "FINIS.  [Symbol: CROWN]  E. DIER."
+
+S.W.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ROBERT CROWLEY.
+
+"Be pleased to observe," says Herbert, "that, though 'The Supper of
+the Lorde' and 'The Vision of Piers Plowman' are inserted among the
+rest of his writings, he wrote only the prefixes to them" (vol. ii.
+p. 278.). Farther on he gives the title of the book, and adds, "Though
+this treatise is anonymous, Will. Tindall is allowed to have been the
+author; Crowley wrote only the preface." It was originally printed at
+Nornberg, and dated as above [the same date as that given by "C.H.,"
+No. 21. p. 332.]. "Bearing no printer's name, nor date of printing,
+I have placed it to Crowley, being a printer, as having the justest
+claim to it" (p. 762.). {356} There is a copy in the Lambeth Library,
+No. 553. p. 249. in my "List," of which I have said (on what grounds I
+do not now know), "This must be a different edition from that noticed
+by Herbert (ii. 762.) and Dibdin (iv. 334. No. 2427.)." I have not
+Dibdin's work at hand to refer to, but as I see nothing in Herbert on
+which I could ground such a statement, I suppose that something may be
+found in Dibdin's account; though probably it may be only my mistake
+or his. As to foreign editions, I always feel very suspicious of their
+existence; and though I do not remember this book in particular, or
+know why I supposed it to differ from the edition ascribed to Crowley,
+yet I feel pretty confident that it bore no mark of "Nornberg."
+According to my description it had four pairs of [Symbol: pointing
+hands] on the title, and contained E iv., in eights, which should be
+thirty _six_ leaves.
+
+S.R. MAITLAND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_John Ross Mackay_ (No. 8. p. 125.).--In reply to the Query of your
+correspondent "D.," I beg to forward the following quotation from
+Sir N.W. Wraxall's _Historical Memoirs of his Own Time_, 3rd edition.
+Speaking of the peace of Fontainbleau, he says,--
+
+    "John Ross Mackay, who had been private secretary to the Earl
+    of Bute, and afterwards during seventeen years was treasurer
+    of the ordnance, a man with whom I was personally acquainted,
+    frequently avowed the fact. He lived to a very advanced age,
+    sat in several parliaments, and only died, I believe in 1796.
+    A gentleman of high professional rank, and of unimpeached
+    veracity, who is still alive, told me, that dining at the late
+    Earl of Besborough's, in Cavendish Square, in the year 1790,
+    where only four persons were present, including himself, Ross
+    Mackay, who was one of the number, gave them the most ample
+    information upon the subject. Lord Besborough having called
+    after dinner for a bottle of champagne, a wine to which Mackay
+    was partial, and the conversation turning on the means of
+    governing the House of Commons, Mackay said, that, 'money
+    formed, after all, the only effectual and certain method.'
+    'The peace of 1763,' continued he, 'was carried through and
+    approved by a pecuniary distribution. Nothing else could have
+    surmounted the difficulty. I was myself the channel through
+    which the money passed. With my own hand I secured above one
+    hundred and twenty votes on that most important question
+    to ministers. Eighty thousand pounds were set apart for the
+    purpose. Forty members of the House of Commons received from
+    me a thousand pounds each. To eighty others, I paid five
+    hundred pounds apiece.'"
+
+DAVID STEWARD.
+
+Godalming, March 19. 1850.
+
+
+_Shipster_.--_Gourders_.--As no satisfactory elucidation of the
+question propounded by Mr. Fox (No. 14. p. 216.) has been suggested,
+and I think he will scarcely accept the conjecture of "F.C.B.,"
+however ingenious (No. 21. p. 339.), I am tempted to offer a note
+on the business or calling of a shipster. It had, I believe, no
+connection with nautical concerns; it did not designate a skipper (in
+the Dutch use of the word) of the fair sex. That rare volume, Caxton's
+_Boke for Travellers_, a treasury of archaisms, supplies the best
+definition of her calling:--"Mabyll the shepster cheuissheth her
+right well; she maketh surplys, shertes, breches, keuerchiffs, and
+all that may be wrought of lynnen cloth." The French term given, as
+corresponding to shepster, is "_cousturi�re._" Palsgrave also, in
+his _�claircissement de la Langue fran�oyse_, gives "schepstarre,
+_lingi�re_:--sheres for shepsters, _forces_." If further evidence were
+requisite, old Elyot might be cited, who renders both _sarcinatrix_
+and _sutatis_ (? _sutatrix_) as "a shepster, a seamester." The term
+may probably be derived from her skill in shaping or cutting out the
+various garments of which Caxton gives so quaint an inventory. Her
+vocation was the very same as that of the _tailleuse_ of present
+times--the _Schneiderinn_, she-cutter, of Germany. Palsgrave likewise
+gives this use of the verb "to shape," expressed in French by
+"_tailler_." He says, "He is a good tayloure, and _shapeth_ a garment
+as well as any man." It is singular that Nares should have overlooked
+this obsolete term; and Mr. Halliwell, in his useful _Glossarial
+Collections_, seems misled by some similarity of sound, having
+noticed, perhaps, in Palsgrave, only the second occurrence of the
+word as before cited, "sheres for shepsters." He gives that author as
+authority for the explanation "shepster, a sheep-shearer" (_Dict. of
+Archaic Words_, in v.). It has been shown, however, I believe, to have
+no more concern with a sheep than a ship.
+
+The value of your periodical in eliciting the explanation of crabbed
+archaisms is highly to be commended. Shall I anticipate Mr. Bolton
+Corney, or some other of your acute glossarial correspondents, if
+I offer another suggestion, in reply to "C.H." (No. 21. p. 335.),
+regarding "gourders of raine?" I have never met with the word in
+this form; but Gouldman gives "a gord of water which cometh by rain,
+_aquilegium_." Guort, gorz, or gort, in Domesday, are interpreted
+by Kelham as "a wear"; and in old French, _gort_ or _gorz_ signifies
+"_flot, gorg�es, quantit�_" (Roquefort). All these words, as well as
+the Low Latin _gordus_ (Ducange), are doubtless to be deduced, with
+_gurges, a gyrando_.
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+
+_Rococo_ (No. 20. p. 321.).--The _history_ of this word appears
+to be involved in uncertainty. Some French authorities derive it
+from "_rocaille_," rock-work, pebbles for a grotto, &c.; others
+from "_Rocco_," an architect (whose existence, however, I cannot
+trace), the author, it is to be supposed, {357} of the antiquated,
+unfashionable, and false style which the word "Rococo" is employed
+to designate. The _use_ of the word is said to have first arisen in
+France towards the end of the reign of Louis XV. or the beginning
+of that of Louis XVI., and it is now employed in the above senses,
+not only in architecture, but in literature, fashion, and the arts
+generally.
+
+J.M.
+
+Oxford, March 18.
+
+
+_Rococo_.--This is one of those cant words, of no very definite,
+and of merely conventional, meaning, for any thing said or done in
+ignorance of the true propriety of the matter in question. "_C'est
+du rococo_," it is mere stuff, or nonsense, or rather twaddle. It was
+born on the stage, about ten years ago, at one of the minor theatres
+at Paris, though probably borrowed from a wine-shop, and most likely
+will have as brief an existence as our own late "flare-up," and such
+ephemeral colloquialisms, or rather vulgarisms, that tickle the public
+fancy for a day, till pushed from their stool by another.
+
+X.
+
+March 18. 1850.
+
+
+_God tempers the Wind, &c._--The French proverb, "A brebis tondue
+Dieu mesure le vent" (God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb), will
+be found in Quitard's _Dictionnaire �tymologique, historique et
+anecdotique, des Proverbes, et des Locutions proverbiales de la
+Langue fran�aise_, 8vo. Paris, 1842. Mons. Quitard adds the following
+explanation of the proverb:--"Dieu proportionne � nos forces les
+afflictions qu'il nous envoie." I have also found this proverb in
+Fureti�re's _Dictionnaire universal de tous les Mots fran�ais_, &c. 4
+vols. folio, La Haye, 1727.
+
+J.M.
+
+Oxford. March 18.
+
+
+The proverb, "A brebis pres tondue, Dieu luy mesure le vent," is to
+be found in Jan. Gruter. _Florileg. Ethico-polit. part. alt. proverb.
+gallic._, p. 353. 8vo. Francof. 1611.
+
+M.
+
+Oxford.
+
+
+_Guildhalls_ (No. 20. p. 320)--These were anciently the halls, or
+places of meeting, of Guilds, or communities formed for secular or
+religious purposes, none of which could be legally set up without
+the King's licence. Trade companies were founded, and still exist,
+in various parts of the kingdom, as "Gilda Mercatorum;" and there is
+little doubt that this was the origin of the municipal or governing
+corporate bodies in cities and towns whose "Guildhalls" still
+remain--"gildated" and "incorporated" were synonymous terms.
+
+In many places, at one time of considerable importance, where Guilds
+were established, though the latter have vanished, the name of their
+Halls has survived.
+
+Your correspondent "A SUBSCRIBER AB INITIO" is referred to Madox,
+_Firma Burgi_, which will afford him much information on the subject.
+
+T.E.D.
+
+Exeter.
+
+
+_Treatise of Equivocation_.--In reply to the inquiry of your
+correspondent "J.M." (No. 17. p. 263.), I beg to state that, as my
+name was mentioned in connection with the Query, I wrote to the Rev.
+James Raine, the librarian of the Durham Cathedral Library, inquiring
+whether _The Treatise of Equivocation_ existed in the Chapter Library.
+From that gentleman I have received this morning the following
+reply:--"I cannot find, in this library, the book referred to in
+the 'NOTES AND QUERIES,' neither can I discover it in that of Bishop
+Cosin. The Catalogue of the latter is, however, very defective. The
+said publication ('NOTES AND QUERIES') promises to be very useful."
+Although this information is of a purely negative character, yet
+I thought it right to endeavour to satisfy your correspondent's
+curiosity.
+
+BERIAH BOTFIELD.
+
+Nortan Hall.
+
+
+_Judas Bell_ (No. 13. p. 195.; No. 15. p. 235.).--The lines here
+quoted by "C.W.G.," from "a singular Scotch poem," evidently mean to
+express or examplify discord; and the words "to jingle _Judas bells_,"
+refer to "bells _jangled, out of tune, and harsh_."
+
+The Maltese at Valletta, a people singularly, and, as we should
+say, morbidly, addicted to the seeming enjoyment of the most horrid
+discords, on Good Friday Eve, have the custom of _jangling_ the church
+bells with the utmost violence, in execration of the memory of Judas;
+and I have seen there a large wooden machine (of which they have
+many in use), constructed on a principle similar to that of an
+old-fashioned watchman's rattle, but of far greater power in creating
+an uproar, intended to be symbolical of the rattling of _Judas's
+bones, that will not rest in his grave_. The Maltese, as is well
+known, are a very superstitious people. The employment of _Judas
+candles_ would, no doubt, if properly explained, turn out to mean to
+imply execration against the memory of Judas, wherever they may be
+used. But in the expression _Judas bell_, the greatest conceivable
+amount of _discord_ is that which is intended to be expressed.
+
+ROBERT SNOW.
+
+6. Chesterfield street, Mayfair, March 23. 1850.
+
+    [To this we may add, that the question at present pending
+    between this country and Greece, so far as regards the
+    claim of M. Pacifico, appears, from the papers laid before
+    Parliament, to have had its origin in what Sir Edward Lyon
+    states "to have been the custom in Athens for some years, to
+    burn an effigy of Judas on Easter day." And from the account
+    of the origin of the riots by the Council of the Criminal
+    Court of Athens, we learn, that "it is proved by the {358}
+    investigation, that on March 23, 1847, Easter Day, a report
+    was spread in the parish of the Church des incorporels,
+    that the Jew, D. Pacifico, by paying the churchwarden of the
+    church, succeeded in preventing the effigy of Judas from
+    being burnt, which by annual custom was made and burnt in
+    that parish on Easter Day." From another document in the same
+    collection it seems, that the Greek Government, out of respect
+    to M. Charles de Rothschild, who was at Athens in April, 1847,
+    forbid in all the Greek churches of the capital the burning of
+    Judas.]
+
+
+_Grummett_ (No. 20. p. 319.).--The following use of the word whose
+definition is sought by "[Greek: Sigma]" occurs in a description of
+the _members_ or adjuncts of the Cinque Port of Hastings in 1229:--
+
+    "Servicia inde debita domino regi xxi. naves, et in qualibet
+    nave xxi. homines, cum uno garcione qui dicitur _gromet_."
+
+In quoting this passage in a paper "On the Seals of the Cinque Ports,"
+in the _Sussex Arch�ological Collections_ (Vol. i. p. 16.), I applied
+the following illustration:--
+
+    "_Gromet_ seems to be a diminutive of '_grome_', a
+    serving-man, whence the modern groom. The provincialism
+    _grummet_, much used in Sussex to designate a clumsy, awkward
+    youth, has doubtless some relation to this cabin-boy of the
+    Ports' navy."
+
+I ought to add, that the passage above given is to be found in Jeake's
+_Charters of the Cinque Ports_.
+
+MARK ANTONY LOWER.
+
+Lewes, March 18. 1850.
+
+
+_Grummett_.--Bailey explains, "_Gromets_ or _Gromwells_, the most
+servile persons on ship-board," probably, metaphorically, from
+"_Gromet_ or _Grummet_," "small rings," adds Bailey, "fastened with
+staples on the upper side of the yard." The latter term is still in
+use; the metaphorical one is, I believe, quite obsolete.
+
+C.
+
+
+_Meaning of "Grummett," &c_.--The word is derived from the Low Latin
+"_gromettus_", the original of our "groom" (see Ducange's, _Gromes_
+and _Gromus_), and answers to the old French _gourm�te_, i.e.
+_gar�on_. In old books he is sometimes called a "novice" or "page,"
+and may be compared with the "apprentice" of our marine. He was
+employed in waiting on the sailors, cooking their victuals, working
+the pumps, scouring the decks, and, in short, was expected to lend
+a hand wherever he was wanted, except taking the helm (Clairac,
+_Commentaire du premier Article des Rooles d'Ol�ron_); and,
+consequently, is always distinguished from, and rated below, the
+mariner or able-bodied seaman.
+
+The information here given is taken from Jal, _Arch�ologie navale_,
+vol. ii. p. 238.
+
+A. RICH, Jun.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MISCELLANIES.
+
+_The Duke of Monmouth_.--I made the following note many years ago,
+and am now reminded of its existence by your admirable periodical,
+which must rouse many an idler besides myself to a rummage amongst
+long-neglected old papers. This small piece of tradition indicates
+that the adventurous but ill-advised duke was a man of unusual
+muscular power and activity.
+
+    "On the 8th of July, 1685, the Duke of Monmouth was brought
+    a prisoner to Ringwood, and halted at an inn there. My
+    mother, who was a native of Ringwood, used to relate that her
+    grandmother was one of the spectators when the royal prisoner
+    came out to take horse; and that the old lady never failed to
+    recount, how he rejected any assistance in mounting, though
+    his arms were pinioned; but placing his foot in the stirrup,
+    sprang lightly into his saddle, to the admiration of all
+    observers."
+
+ELIJAH WARING.
+
+Dowry Parade, Clifton Hotwells, March 21. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO PHILAUTUS.
+
+(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN_.)
+
+  Narcissus loved himself we know,
+  And you, perhaps, have cause to show
+      Why you should do the same;
+  But he was wrong: and, if I may,
+  Philautus, I will freely say,
+      I think you more to blame.
+  He loved what others loved; while you
+  Admire what other folks eschew.
+
+RUFUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Junius_.--Nobody can read, without being struck with the propriety
+of it, that beautiful passage in the 8th letter--"Examine your own
+breast, Sir William, &c. &c. &c." A parallel passage may however be
+found in _Bevill Higgons's Short View of English History_ (temp. Hen.
+VI.), a work written before 1700, and not published till thirty-four
+years afterwards:--
+
+    "So weak and fallible is that admired maxim, 'Factum valet,
+    quot fieri non debuit,' an excuse first invented to palliate
+    the unfledged villainy of some men, _who are ashamed to be
+    knaves, yet have not the courage to be honest_."
+
+I have not quoted the whole of the passage from _Junius_, as I
+consider it to be in almost every body's hands. I am collecting some
+curious, and I hope valuable, information about that work.
+
+B.G.
+
+
+_Arabic Numerals_.--Your correspondent T.S.D.'s account of a supposed
+date upon the Church of St. Brelade, Jersey, brings to my mind a
+circumstance that once occurred to myself, which may, perhaps, be
+amusing to date-hunters. Some years ago I visited a farm-house
+in the north of England, whose owner had a taste for collecting
+curiosities of all sorts. Not the least valuable of his collection
+was a splendidly carved oak bedstead, which he considered of great
+antiquity. Its date, plainly marked upon the panels at the bottom
+of the front posts, was, he told me, 1111. On {359} examining this
+astounding date a little closely, I soon perceived that the two middle
+strokes had a slight curvature, a tendency to approach the shape of an
+S, which distinguished them from the two exterior lines. The date was,
+in fact, 1551; yet so small was the difference of the figures, that
+the mistake was really a pardonable one.
+
+Is your correspondent "E.V." acquainted with the _History of Castle
+Acre Priory_, published some years ago? If my memory fails me not,
+there is a date given in that work, as found inscribed on the plaster
+of the Priory wall, much more ancient than 1445.
+
+Has the derivation of the first four Arabic numerals, and probably
+of the ninth, from the ancient Egyptian hieratic and enchorial
+characters, for the ordinals corresponding with those numbers, ever
+been noticed by writers upon the history of arithmetical notation?
+The correspondence will be obvious to any one who refers to the table
+given in the 4th vol. of Sir G. Wilkinson's _Ancient Egyptians_ (3rd
+edit.), p. 198.
+
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+Vol. II.
+
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+
+JAMES' NAVAL HISTORY, in 4 vols. Vols. II. and III.
+
+YOUNG'S ANNALS OF AGRICULTURE, Fortieth and Five remaining volumes.
+
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+
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+
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+
+March 9th, 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
+
+NO. CLXXII. IS PUBLISHED THIS DAY.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+  I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS.
+  II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG.
+  III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON.
+  IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.
+  V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES.
+  VI. FACTS IN FIGURES.
+  VII. THE DUTIFUL SON.
+  VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON.
+  IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE.
+  X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON.
+  XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albermarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARCH�OLOGIA CAMBRENSIS, a RECORD of the ANTIQUITIES of WALES and its
+MARCHES, and the Journal of "THE CAMBRIAN ARCH�OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION,"
+published Quarterly. Price 2s. 6d. No. 11. New Series, will be
+published on the 1st. of April, containing Papers by J.O. Westwood,
+Rev. J. Williams, W.W. Ffoulkes, E.A. Freeman (Architecture of
+Llandaff Cathedral), &c., &c., with Illustrations by Jewitt.
+
+Also, now completed, price 11s. cloth lettered, Vol. IV., First
+Series, for 1849. Vols. II. and III. may still be had, price 11s.
+each, with numerous Illustrations on copper and wood.
+
+On the 15th of April will be published, reprinted from the ARCH�OLOGIA
+CAMBRENSIS,
+
+NOTES on the Architectural Antiquities of the District of Gower, in
+Glamorganshire. With Illustrations on Copper. By E.A. FREEMAN, M.A.,
+late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, Author of the "History of
+Architecture," price 2s.
+
+OBSERVATIONS on the Stone of St. Cadfan, at Towyn. With an
+Illustration. By J.O. WESTWOOD, Esq., F.S.A., F.L.S., and the Rev. J.
+WILLIAMS, (ab Ithel), price 1s.
+
+DRUIDIC STONES. By the Rev. J. WILLIAMS. Price 1s.
+
+The Subscription to the Cambrian Arch�ological Association is 1l.
+annually, for which Members will have forwarded to them the Journal as
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+
+London: W. PICKERING. Tenby: R. MASON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+THE ATTENTION of Readers of the NOTES AND QUERIES is respectfully
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+BOOKS, containing 1250 articles, of an old and curious kind, marked
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+
+4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.
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+
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+largely amongst the best class of book-buyers.
+
+In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in its columns,
+it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' Catalogues, and Lists
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+be found valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to
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+issued to the Trade on FRIDAY afternoon.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{360}
+
+NEW WORKS
+
+TO BE PUBLISHED IN APRIL AND MAY.
+
+I. Col. W. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY of the LANGUAGE and LITERATURE of
+ANCIENT GREECE. 3 Vols. 8vo.
+
+II. The Rev. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY of ROME under the EMPIRE. Vols. I.
+and II. 8vo.
+
+III. MODERN STATE TRIALS REVISED and ILLUSTRATED. By W.C. TOWNSEND,
+Esq. M.A. Q.C. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+IV. Mr. S. LAING'S OBSERVATIONS on the SOCIAL and POLITICAL STATE of
+the EUROPEAN PEOPLE in 1848 and 1849. 8vo.
+
+V. ESSAYS SELECTED from CONTRIBUTIONS to the EDINBURGH REVIEW. By
+HENRY ROGERS. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+VI. JAMES MONTGOMERY'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with
+Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo.
+
+VII. ALETHEIA; or, the Doom of Mythology: with other poems. By WILLIAM
+C.M. KENT. 16mo.
+
+VIII. The STATISTICAL COMPANION for 1850. By T.C. BANFIELD and C.R.
+WELD. Fcap. 8vo.
+
+IX. Mr. A.K. JOHNSTON'S NEW GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY: forming a
+complete General Gazetteer. 8vo.
+
+X. LOUDON'S ENCYCLOP�DIA of GARDENING. New Edition (1850). Corrected,
+&c. by Mrs. LOUDON. 8vo. with 1,000 Woodcuts. *** Also in 10 Monthly
+Parts, 5s. each, from May 1.
+
+XI. LOUDON'S HORTUS BRITANNICUS. New Edition (1850). Corrected, &c. by
+Mrs. LOUDON and W.H. BAXTER. 8vo.
+
+XII. Sir W.J. HOOKER'S BRITISH FLORA. New Edit. (1850). Corrected by
+the Author and Dr. WALKER-ARNOTT. Fcap. 8vo. Plates.
+
+XIII. HEALTH, DISEASE, and REMEDY FAMILIARLY and PRACTICALLY
+CONSIDERED in RELATION to the BLOOD. By Dr. G. MOORE. Post 8vo.
+
+XIV. The ACTS of the APOSTLES: with Commentary, and Practical and
+Devotional Suggestions. By the Rev. F.C. Cook, M.A. Post 8vo.
+
+XV. The DOMESTIC LITURGY. By the Rev. THOMAS DALE, M.A. New Edition,
+separated from 'The Family Chaplain.' 4to. 10s. 6d.
+
+XVI. The FAMILY CHAPLAIN. By the Rev. THOMAS DALE, M.A. New Edition,
+separated from 'The Domestic Liturgy.' 4to. 12s.
+
+XVII. The EARL'S DAUGHTER. By the Author of 'Amy Herbert,' 'Lancton
+Parsonage,' &c. Fcap. 8vo.
+
+XVIII. PRACTICAL HORSEMANSHIP. By HARRY HIEOVER. With two
+plates--'Going like Workmen,' and 'Going like Muffs.' Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+XIX. Mr. THOMAS TATE'S EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY: or, Familiar
+Introduction to the Science of Agriculture. Fcap. 8vo. with Woodcuts.
+
+XX. Dr. COPLAND on the CAUSES, NATURE, and TREATMENT of PALSY and
+APOPLEXY. Post 8vo.
+
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+DISEASES of the JOINTS. New Edition. 8vo.
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+revised, corrected, and improved. 8vo. London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
+and LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 1st of MAY next will be published,
+
+HISTORIC RELIQUES; a Series of Representations of ARMS, JEWELLERY,
+GOLD and SILVER PLATE, FURNITURE, ARMOUR, &c. in Royal and Noble
+Collections, Colleges, and Public Institutions, &c., and which
+formerly belonged to Individuals Eminent in History, drawn from the
+originals and etched by JOSEPH LIONEL WILLIAMS.
+
+Relics of antiquity, in themselves most interesting and instructive,
+become doubly so when they have belonged to individuals whose deeds
+are chronicled in history. Who is there, "to dell forgetfulness a
+prey," who does not look with intense interest on objects connected
+with the "mighty victor, mighty lord," Edward the Third, the Black
+Prince, Henry VIII., the imperious Elizabeth, the ill-fated Mary
+of Scotland, or the unhappy Charles I.? Not only of kings, but of
+their favourites, and of the illustrious men who have shed lustre on
+the various epochs of history, are the relics most instructive and
+important.
+
+The aim of the present publication is to illustrate, by a series of
+original Drawings, the various relics which have historical interest,
+such as Armour, Dresses, Jewellery, Gold and Silver Plate, Furniture,
+&c. formerly belonging to persons celebrated in history, and which are
+still treasured up in her Majesty's collections, in the museums of the
+nobility and gentry, in colleges, halls, and public museums, &c.
+
+Some few of the relics of the past, having historical associations
+connected with them, have been represented in arch�ological works; but
+it is necessary to search through many volumes to find even a limited
+number of them, and the present work would embrace a great variety
+hitherto unrepresented; at the same time, its peculiar feature, that
+every subject would be Historical, renders it a book of great novelty
+and importance. To the Historian and Antiquary the proposed series
+of Illustrations recommends itself by its character and importance;
+to the lover of ancient Art, for the beauty of most of the objects
+represented; and its claims on the general reader are the connexion
+of the Relics with the dead whose actions are the theme of history
+and romance. To the Artist these Illustrations will be of essential
+importance; and to the Manufacturer of scarcely less value, as the
+Relics themselves are, in most cases, either of exquisite beauty of
+form or striking and characteristic style, and by furnishing data,
+will enable him to carry out designs in the style peculiar to all
+periods.
+
+It is proposed to publish the Work in Monthly Parts, containing three
+Etchings drawn with the most scrupulous fidelity, and illustrative
+Vignettes beautifully engraved on Wood. The plates will be coloured,
+and the size of the Work be imperial 8vo.; a limited number in
+imperial 4to.; the subjects fully coloured, and the initial letters
+also.
+
+The Editor will be greatly obliged by communications respecting Relics
+of Historic Interest being forwarded to 198. Strand.
+
+Price 2s. 6d. each Part; to be completed in Ten Parts. Office, 198.
+Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5
+New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London;
+and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish
+of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No.
+186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 30. 1850.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday,
+March 30, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 22 ***
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+          content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+
+    <title>Notes And Queries, Issue 22.</title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes &amp; Queries, No. 22., Saturday, March
+30, 1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes &amp; Queries, No. 22., Saturday, March 30, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: April 29, 2004 [EBook #12198]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES &amp; QUERIES, NO. 22 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jon Ingram, Internet Library of Early Journals, William
+Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page345"
+       id="page345"></a>{345}</span>
+
+    <h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+    <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,
+    ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;CAPTAIN
+    CUTTLE.</h3>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+    <table summary="masthead"
+           width="100%">
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left"
+                width="25%"><b>No. 22.</b></td>
+
+            <td align="center"
+                width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, MARCH 30. 1850.</b></td>
+
+            <td align="right"
+                width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br />
+            Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+    <p>CONTENTS.</p>
+
+    <table summary="Contents"
+           align="center">
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">NOTES:&mdash;</td>
+
+            <td align="right">Pages</td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">The Taming of the Shrew, by Samuel
+            Hickson</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page345">345</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Proverbial Sayings and their
+            Origins</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page347">347</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">William Basse and his Poems</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page348">348</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Folk Lore:&mdash;Something else about
+            Salting. Norfolk Weather Proverb, Irish Medical Charms.
+            Death-bed Superstitions</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page349">349</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Note on Herodotus by Dean Swift</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page350">350</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Herrick's Hesperides, by J.M.
+            Gutch</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page350">350</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td></td>
+
+            <td></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">QUERIES:&mdash;</td>
+
+            <td></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Rev. Dr. Thomlinson</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page350">350</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Minor Queries:&mdash;"A" or
+            "An"&mdash;The Lucky have whole Days&mdash;Line quoted
+            by De Quincey&mdash;Bishop Jewel's
+            Papers&mdash;Allusion in Friar Brackley's
+            Sermon&mdash;Quem Deus Vult perdere&mdash;Snow of
+            Chicksand Priory&mdash;The Bristol Riots&mdash;A living
+            Dog better than a dead Lion&mdash;American
+            Bittern&mdash;Inquisition in Mexico&mdash;Masters of
+            St. Cross&mdash;Etymology of "Dalston"&mdash;"Brown
+            Study"&mdash;Coal-Brandy&mdash;Swot</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page350">350</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td></td>
+
+            <td></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">REPLIES:&mdash;</td>
+
+            <td></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">The Dodo, by S.W. Singer</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page353">353</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Watching the Sepulchre, by Rev. Dr.
+            Rock, and E.V.</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page354">354</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Poem by Sir E. Dyer</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page355">355</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Robert Crowley, by Rev. Dr.
+            Maitland</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page355">355</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;John
+            Ross
+            Mackay&mdash;Shipster&mdash;Gourders&mdash;Rococo&mdash;God
+            tempers the Wind&mdash;Guildhalls&mdash;Treatise of
+            Equivocation&mdash;Judas Bell&mdash;Grummet</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page356">356</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td></td>
+
+            <td></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">MISCELLANIES:&mdash;</td>
+
+            <td></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Duke of Monmouth&mdash;To
+            Philautus&mdash;Junius&mdash;Arabic Numerals</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page358">358</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td></td>
+
+            <td></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:&mdash;</td>
+
+            <td></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page359">359</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page359">359</a></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Advertisements</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><a href="#page359">359</a></td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>THE TAMING OF THE SHREW.</h3>
+
+    <p>In two former communications on a subject incidental to that
+    to which I now beg leave to call your attention, I hinted at a
+    result far more important than the discovery of the author of
+    the <i>Taming of a Shrew</i>. That result I lay before your
+    readers, in stating that I think I can show grounds for the
+    assertion that the <i>Taming of the Shrew</i>, by Shakspeare,
+    is the <i>original</i> play; and that the <i>Taming of a
+    Shrew</i>, by Marlowe or what other writer soever, is a
+    <i>later</i> work, and an <i>imitation</i>. I must first,
+    however, state, that having seen Mr. Dyce's edition of Marlowe,
+    I find that this writer's claim to the latter work had already
+    been advanced by an American gentleman, in a work so obvious
+    for reference as Knight's <i>Library Edition of Shakspeare</i>.
+    I was pretty well acquainted with the contents of Mr. Knight's
+    <i>first</i> edition; and knowing that the subsequent work of
+    Mr. Collier contained nothing bearing upon the point, I did not
+    think of referring to an edition published, as I understood,
+    rather for the variation of form than on account of the
+    accumulation of new matter. Mr. Dyce appears to consider the
+    passages cited as instances of imitation, and not proofs of the
+    identity of the writer. His opinion is certainly entitled to
+    great respect: yet it may, nevertheless, be remarked, first
+    that the instance given, supposing Marlowe not to be the
+    author, would be cases of theft rather than imitation, and
+    which, done on so large a scale, would scarcely be confined to
+    the works of one writer; and, secondly, that in original
+    passages there are instances of an independence and vigour of
+    thought equal to the best things that Marlowe ever
+    wrote&mdash;a circumstance not to be reconciled with the former
+    supposition. The following passage exhibits a freedom of
+    thought more characteristic of this writer's reputation than
+    are most of his known works:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"And custom-free, you marchants shall commerce</p>
+
+            <p>And interchange the profits of your land,</p>
+
+            <p>Sending you gold for brasse, silver for lead,</p>
+
+            <p>Casses of silke for packes of wol and cloth,</p>
+
+            <p>To bind this friendship and confirme this
+            league."</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p class="author"><i>Six Old Plays</i>, p. 204.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>A short account of the process by which I came to a
+    conclusion which, if established, must overthrow so many
+    ingenious theories, will not, I trust, be uninteresting to your
+    readers. In the relationship between these two plays there
+    always seemed to be something which needed explanation. It was
+    the only instance among the works of Shakspeare in which a
+    direct copy, even to matters of detail, appeared to have been
+    made; and, in spite of all attempts to gloss over and palliate,
+    it was impossible to deny that an unblushing act of mere piracy
+    seemed to have been committed, of which I never could bring
+    myself to believe that Shakspeare had been guilty. The
+    readiness to impute this act to him was to me but an instance
+    of the unworthy manner in which he had almost universally been
+    treated; and, without at the time having any suspicion of what
+    I now take to be the fact,
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page346"
+       id="page346"></a>{346}</span> I determined, if possible, to
+       find it out. The first question I put to myself was, Had
+       Shakspeare himself any concern in the older play? A second
+       glance at the work sufficed for an answer in the negative. I
+       next asked myself on what authority we called it an "older"
+       play. The answer I found myself obliged to give was, greatly
+       to my own surprise, On no authority whatever! But there was
+       still a difficulty in conceiving how, with Shakspeare's work
+       before him, so unscrupulous an imitator should have made so
+       poor an imitation. I should not have felt this difficulty
+       had I then recollected that the play in question was not
+       published; but, as the case stood, I carefully examined the
+       two plays together, especially those passages which were
+       identical, or nearly so, in both, and noted, in these cases,
+       the minutest variations. The result was, that I satisfied
+       myself that the original conception was invariably to be
+       found in Shakspeare's play. I have confirmed this result in
+       a variety of ways, which your space will not allow me to
+       enter upon; therefore, reserving such circumstances for the
+       present as require to be enforced by argument, I will
+       content myself with pointing out certain passages that bear
+       out my view. I must first, however, remind your readers that
+       while some plays, from their worthlessness, were never
+       printed, some were withheld from the press on account of
+       their very value; and of this latter class were the works of
+       Shakspeare. The late publication of his works created the
+       impression, not yet quite worn out, of his being a later
+       writer than many of his contemporaries, solely because their
+       printed works are dated earlier by twenty or thirty years.
+       But for the obstinate effects of this impression, it is
+       difficult to conceive how any one could miss the original
+       invention of Shakspeare in the induction, and such scenes as
+       that between Grumio and the tailor; the humour of which
+       shines, even in the feeble reflection of the imitation, in
+       striking contrast with those comic(?) scenes which are the
+       undisputed invention of the author of the <i>Taming of a
+       Shrew</i>.</p>
+
+    <p>The first passage I take is from Act IV. Sc. 3.</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"<i>Grumio</i>. Thou hast fac'd many <i>things</i>?</p>
+
+        <p>"<i>Tailor</i>. I have.</p>
+
+        <p>"<i>Gru.</i> Face not me: thou hast brav'd many men;
+        brave not me. I will neither be fac'd nor brav'd."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>In this passage there is a play upon the terms "fac'd" and
+    "brav'd." In the tailor's sense, "things" may be "fac'd" and
+    "men" may be "brav'd;" and, by means of this play, the tailor
+    is entrapped into an answer. The imitator, having probably seen
+    the play represented, has carried away the words, but by
+    transposing them, and with the change of one
+    expression&mdash;"men" for "things"&mdash;has lost the spirit:
+    there is a pun no longer. He might have played upon "brav'd,"
+    but there he does not wait for the tailor's answer; and
+    "fac'd," as he has it, can be understood but in one sense, and
+    the tailor's admission becomes meaningless. The passage is as
+    follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"<i>Saudre</i>. Dost thou hear, tailor? thou hast brav'd
+        many men; brave not me. Th'ast fac'd many men.</p>
+
+        <p>"<i>Tailor</i>. Well, Sir?</p>
+
+        <p>"<i>Saudre</i>. Face not me; I'll neither be fac'd nor
+        brav'd at thy hands, I can tell thee."&mdash;p. 198.</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>A little before, in the same scene, Grumio says, "Master, if
+    ever I said loose-bodied gown, sew me in the skirts of it, and
+    beat me to death with a bottom of brown thread." I am almost
+    tempted to ask if passages such as this be not evidence
+    sufficient. In the <i>Taming of a Shrew</i>, with the variation
+    of "sew me in a <i>seam</i>" for "sew me in <i>the skirts of
+    it</i>," the passage is also to be found; but who can doubt the
+    whole of this scene to be by Shakspeare, rather than by the
+    author of such scenes, intended to be comic, as one referred to
+    in my last communication (No. 15. p. 227., numbered 7.), and
+    shown to be identical with one in <i>Doctor Faustus</i>? I will
+    just remark, too, that the best appreciation of the spirit of
+    the passage, which, one would think, should point out the
+    author, is shown in the expression, "sew me in the <i>skirts of
+    it</i>," which has meaning, whereas the variation has none. A
+    little earlier, still in the same scene, the following bit of
+    dialogue occurs:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"<i>Kath.</i> I'll have no bigger; this doth fit the
+            time,</p>
+
+            <p>And gentlewomen wear such caps as these.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"<i>Pet.</i> When you are gentle, you shall have one
+            too,</p>
+
+            <p>and not till then."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Katharine's use of the term "gentlewomen" suggests here
+    Petruchio's "gentle." In the other play the reply is evidently
+    imitated, but with the absence of the suggestive
+    cue:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"For I will home again unto my father's house.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"<i>Ferando</i>. I, when y'are meeke and gentle, but
+            not before."&mdash;p. 194.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Petruchio, having dispatched the tailor and haberbasher,
+    proceeds&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Well, come my Kate: we will unto your father's,</p>
+
+            <p>Even in these honest mean habiliments;</p>
+
+            <p>Our purses shall be proud, our garments
+            poor;"&mdash;p. 198.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>throughout continuing to urge the vanity of outward
+    appearance, in reference to the "ruffs and cuffs, and
+    farthingales and things," which he had promised her, and with
+    which the phrase "honest mean habiliments" is used in contrast.
+    The sufficiency <i>to the mind</i> of these,</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"For 'tis the mind that makes the body rich,"</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>is the very pith and purpose of the speech. Commencing in
+    nearly the same words, the imitator entirely mistakes this, in
+    stating the object of clothing to be to "shrowd us from the
+    winter's rage;" which is, nevertheless, true enough, though
+    completely beside the purpose. In Act II. Sc. 1., Petruchio
+    says,&mdash;</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page347"
+       id="page347"></a>{347}</span>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Say that she frown; I'll say she looks as clear</p>
+
+            <p>As morning roses newly wash'd with dew."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Here is perfect consistency: the clearness of the "morning
+    <i>roses</i>," arising from their being "wash'd with dew;" at
+    all events, the quality being heightened by the circumstance.
+    In a passage of the so-called "older" play, the duke is
+    addressed by Kate as "fair, lovely lady," &amp;c.</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"As glorious as the morning wash'd with
+            dew."&mdash;p. 203</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>As the morning does not derive its glory from the
+    circumstance of its being "wash'd with dew," and as it is not a
+    peculiarly apposite comparison, I conclude that here, too, as
+    in other instances, the sound alone has caught the ear of the
+    imitator.</p>
+
+    <p>In Act V. Sc. 2., Katharine says,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Then vail your stomachs; for it is no boot;</p>
+
+            <p>And place your hand below your husband's foot;</p>
+
+            <p>In token of which duty, if he please,</p>
+
+            <p>My hand is ready: may it do him ease."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Though Shakspeare was, in general, a most correct and
+    careful writer, that he sometimes wrote hastily it would be
+    vain to deny. In the third line of the foregoing extract, the
+    meaning clearly is, "as which token of duty;" and it is the
+    performance of this "token of duty" which Katharine hopes may
+    "do him ease." The imitator, as usual, has caught something of
+    the words of the original which he has laboured to reproduce at
+    a most unusual sacrifice of grammar and sense; the following
+    passage appearing to represent that the wives, by laying their
+    hands under their husbands' feet&mdash;no reference being made
+    to the act as a token of duty&mdash;in some unexplained manner,
+    "might procure them ease."</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Laying our hands under their feet to tread,</p>
+
+            <p>If that by that we might procure their ease,</p>
+
+            <p>And, for a precedent, I'll first begin</p>
+
+            <p>And lay my hand under my husband's feet."&mdash;p.
+            213.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>One more instance, and I have done. Shakspeare has imparted
+    a dashing humorous character to this play, exemplified, among
+    other peculiarities, by such rhyming of following words
+    as&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Haply to <i>wive</i> and <i>thrive</i> as least I
+            may."</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"We will have <i>rings</i> and <i>things</i> and
+            fine array."</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"With <i>ruffs</i>, and <i>cuffs</i>, and
+            farthingales and things."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>I quote these to show that the habit was Shakspeare's. In
+    Act I. Sc. 1. occurs the passage&mdash;"that would thoroughly
+    woo her, wed her, and bed her, and rid the house of her." The
+    sequence here is perfectly natural: but observe the change: in
+    Ferando's first interview with Kate, he says,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"My mind, sweet Kate, doth say I am the man</p>
+
+            <p>Must wed and bed <i>and marrie</i> bonnie
+            Kate."&mdash;p. 172.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>In the last scene, Petruchio says,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Come, Kate, we'll to bed:</p>
+
+            <p>We three are married, but you two are sped."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Ferando has it thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"'Tis Kate and I am wed, and you are sped:</p>
+
+            <p>And so, farewell, for we will to our bed."&mdash;p.
+            214.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Is it not evident that Shakespeare chose the word "sped" as
+    a rhyme to "bed," and that the imitator, in endeavouring to
+    recollect the jingle, has not only spoiled the rhyme, but
+    missed the fact that all "three" were "married,"
+    notwithstanding that "two" were "sped"?</p>
+
+    <p>It is not in the nature of such things that instances should
+    be either numerous or very glaring; but it will be perceived
+    that in all of the foregoing, the purpose, and sometimes even
+    the meaning, is intelligible only in the form in which we find
+    it in Shakespeare. I have not urged all that I might, even in
+    this branch of the question; but respect for your space makes
+    me pause. In conclusion, I will merely state, that I have no
+    doubt myself of the author of the <i>Taming of a Shrew</i>
+    having been Marlowe; and that, if in some scenes it appear to
+    fall short of what we might have expected from such a writer,
+    such inferiority arises from the fact of its being an
+    imitation, and probably required at a short notice. At the same
+    time, though I do not believe Shakspeare's play to contain a
+    line of any other writer, I think it extremely probable that we
+    have it only in a revised form, and that, consequently, the
+    play which Marlow imitated might not necessarily have been that
+    fund of life and humour that we find it now.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">SAMUEL HICKSON.</p>
+
+    <p>St. John's Wood, March 19. 1850.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>PROVERBIAL SAYINGS AND THEIR ORIGINS&mdash;PLAGIARISMS AND
+    PARALLEL PASSAGES.</h3>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"&Omicron;&nu; &omicron;&iota;
+            &Theta;&epsilon;&omicron;&iota;
+            &phi;&iota;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;&iota;&nu;
+            &alpha;&pi;&omicron;&theta;&nu;&eta;&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;&iota;
+            &nu;&epsilon;&omicron;&sigma;."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Brunck, <i>Po&euml;t&aelig; Gnomici</i>, p. 231., quoted by
+    Gibbon, <i>Decl. and Fall</i> (Milman. Lond. 1838. 8vo.), xii.
+    355. (<i>note</i> 65.)</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Quem Jupiter vult perdere, pri&ugrave;s
+            dementat."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>These words are Barnes's translation of the following
+    fragment of Euripides, which is the 25th in Barnes' ed. (see
+    <i>Gent.'s Mag.</i>, July, 1847, p. 19,
+    <i>note</i>):&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"&Omicron;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &delta;&epsilon;
+            &Delta;&alpha;&iota;&mu;&omega;&nu;
+            &alpha;&nu;&delta;&rho;&iota;
+            &pi;&omicron;&rho;&sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&eta;
+            &kappa;&alpha;&kappa;&alpha;,</p>
+
+            <p>&Tau;&omicron;&nu; &nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu;
+            &epsilon;&xi;&lambda;&alpha;&psi;&epsilon;
+            &pi;&rho;&omicron;&tau;&omicron;&nu;."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>This, or a similar passage, may have been employed
+    proverbially in the time of Sophocles. See l. 632. et seq. of
+    the <i>Antigone</i> (ed. Johnson. Londini. 1758. 8vo.); on
+    which passage there is the following scholium:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"&Mu;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;
+            &sigma;&omicron;&phi;&iota;&alpha;&sigma;
+            &gamma;&alpha;&rho; &upsilon;&pi;&omicron;
+            &tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;&sigma;
+            &alpha;&omicron;&iota;&delta;&iota;&mu;&omicron;&upsilon;
+            &kappa;&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&nu;&omicron;&nu;
+            &epsilon;&pi;&omicron;&sigma;
+            &pi;&epsilon;&phi;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota;,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">&Omicron;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &delta;'
+            &omicron; &delta;&alpha;&iota;&mu;&omega;&nu;
+            &alpha;&nu;&delta;&rho;&iota;
+            &pi;&omicron;&rho;&sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&eta;
+            &kappa;&alpha;&kappa;&alpha;,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">&Tau;&omicron;&nu;
+            &nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu;
+            &epsilon;&xi;&lambda;&alpha;&psi;&epsilon;
+            &pi;&rho;&omicron;&tau;&omicron;&nu; &omega;
+            &beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&epsilon;tai.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div><span class="pagenum"><a name="page348"
+       id="page348"></a>{348}</span>
+
+    <p>Respecting the lines referred to in the Chorus, Dr.
+    Donaldson makes the following remarks, in his critical edition
+    of the <i>Antigone</i>, published in 1848:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"The parallel passages for this adage are fully given by
+        Ruhnken on Velleius Paterculus, ii. 57. (265, 256.), and by
+        Wyttenbach on Plutarch, <i>De Audiendis Poetis</i>, p. 17.
+        B. (pp. 190, 191.)"</p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Music hath charms to soothe a savage breast,</p>
+
+            <p>To soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Congreve's <i>Mourning Bride</i>, act i. sc. i. l. 1.</p>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"L'appetit vient en mangeant."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Rabelais, <i>Gargantua</i>, Liv. i. chap. 5. (vol. i. p.
+    136, ed. Variorum. Paris, 1823. 8vo.)</p>
+
+    <p>This proverb had been previously used by Amyot, and probably
+    also by Jerome le (or de) Hangest, who was a Doctor of the
+    Sorbonne, and adversary of Luther, and who died in
+    1538.&mdash;Ibid. p. 136 (<i>note</i> 49.).</p>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <p>I know not how old may be "to put the cart before the
+    horse." Rabelais (i. 227.) has&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Il mettoyt la charrette devant les beufz."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"If the sky falls, we shall catch larks."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Rabelais (i. 229, 230.):&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Si les nues tomboyent, esperoyt prendre
+            alouettes."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Good nature and good sense must ever join;</p>
+
+            <p>To err is human, to forgive divine."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">Pope's <i>Essay on Criticism</i>, pp. 524,
+    525.</p>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Nay, fly to altars, there they'll talk you
+            dead;</p>
+
+            <p>For fools rush in where angels fear to tread."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">Ib. pp. 624, 625.</p>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <p>The Emperor Alexander of Russia is said to have declared
+    himself "un accident heureux." The expression occurs in Mad. de
+    Sta&euml;l's <i>Allemagne</i>, &sect; xvi.:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Mais quand dans un &eacute;tat social le bonbeur
+        lui-m&ecirc;me n'est, pour ainsi dire, <i>qu'un accident
+        heureux</i> ... le patriotisme a peu de
+        pers&eacute;v&eacute;rance."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <p>Gibbon, <i>Decl. and Fall</i> (Lond. 1838. 8vo.), i.
+    134.:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"His (T. Antoninus Pius') reign is marked by the rare
+        advantage of furnishing very few mater&iacute;als for
+        history; which is indeed little more than the register of
+        the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>Gibbon's first volume was published in 1776, and Voltaire's
+    <i>Ingenii</i> in 1767. In the latter we find&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"En effet, l'historie n'est que le tableau des
+            crimes</p>
+
+            <p>et des malheurs."&mdash;<i>Oeuvres de Voltaire</i>
+            (ed. Beuchot.</p>
+
+            <p>Paris, 1884. 8vo.), tom. xxxiii. p. 427.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <p>Gibbon, vol. ix. p. 94.:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"In every deed of mischief, he (Andronicus Comnenus) had
+        a heart to resolve, a head to contrive, and a hand to
+        execute."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>Cf. Voltaire, "Si&egrave;cle de Louis XV." (<i>Oeuvres</i>,
+    xxi. p. 67.):&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Il (le Chevalier de Belle-Isle) &eacute;tait capable de
+        tout imaginer, de tout arranger, et de tout faire."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Guerre aux chateaux, paix &agrave; la
+            chaumi&egrave;re,"</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>ascribed to Condorcet, in <i>Edin. Rev.</i> April, 1800. p.
+    240. (<i>note</i>*)</p>
+
+    <p>By Thiers (<i>Hist. de la R&eacute;v. Fran&ccedil;.</i> Par.
+    1846. 8vo. ii. 283.), these words are attributed to Cambon;
+    while, in Lamartine's <i>Hist. des Girondins</i> (Par. 1847.
+    8vo.), Merlin is represented to have exclaimed in the Assembly,
+    "D&eacute;clarez la guerre aux rois et la paix aux
+    nations."</p>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <p>Macaulay's <i>Hist. of England</i> (1st ed.), ii.
+    476:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"But the iron stoicism of William never gave way: and he
+        stood among his weeping friends calm and austere, as if he
+        had been about to leave them only for a short visit to his
+        hunting-grounds at Loo."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"... non alit&egrave;r tamen</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Dimovit obstantes propinquos,</p>
+
+            <p class="i4">Et populum reditus morantem,</p>
+
+            <p>Qu&agrave;m si clientum longa negotia</p>
+
+            <p>Dijudicat&acirc; lite relinqueret,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Tendens Venafranos in agros,</p>
+
+            <p class="i4">Aut Laced&aelig;monium Tarentum."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">Hor. <i>Od.</i> iii. v. 50-56.</p>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"De meretrice puta qu&ograve;d sit sua filia
+            puta,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Nam sequitur levit&egrave;r filia matris
+            iter."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>These lines are said by M&eacute;nage (<i>Menagiana</i>,
+    Amstm. 1713. 18mo., iii. 12mo.) to exist in a Commentary "In
+    composita verborum Joannis de Galandi&acirc;."</p>
+
+    <p class="author">F.C.B.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>WILLIAM BASSE AND HIS POEMS.</h3>
+
+    <p>Your correspondent, the Rev. T. Corser, in his note on
+    William Basse, says, that he has been informed that there are,
+    in Winchester College Library, in a 4to. volume, some poems of
+    that writer. I have the pleasure of assuring him that his
+    information is correct, and that they are the "Three Pastoral
+    Elegies" mentioned by Ritson. The title-page runs
+    thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Three Pastoral Elegies of Anander, Anetor, and
+        Muridella, by William Bas. Printed by V.S. for J.B., and
+        are to be sold at his shop in Fleet Street, at the sign of
+        the Great Turk's Head, 1602."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>Then follows a dedication, "To the Honourable
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page349"
+       id="page349"></a>{349}</span> and Virtuous Lady, the Lady
+       Tasburgh;" from which dedication it appears that these
+       Pastoral Elegies were among the early efforts of his Muse.
+       The author, after making excuses for not having repaid her
+       Ladyship's encouragement earlier, says,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Finding my abilitie too little to make the meanest
+        satisfaction of so great a principall as is due to so many
+        favourable curtesies, I am bold to tende your Ladyship this
+        unworthy interest, wherewithal I will put in good
+        securitie, that as soone as time shall relieve the
+        necessitie of my young invention, I will disburse my Muse
+        to the uttermost mite of my power, to make some more
+        acceptable composition with your bounty. In the mean space,
+        living without hope to be ever sufficient inough to yeeld
+        your worthinesse the smallest halfe of your due, I doe only
+        desire to leave your ladyship in assurance&mdash;</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"That when increase of age and learning sets</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">My mind in wealthi'r state than now it
+            is,</p>
+
+            <p>I'll pay a greater portion of my debts,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Or mortgage you a better Muse than
+            this;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Till then, no kinde forbearance is
+            amisse,</p>
+
+            <p>While, though I owe more than I can make good,</p>
+
+            <p>This is inough, to shew how faine I woo'd,</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p class="i10">Your Ladyship's in all humblenes</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p class="i10">"WILLUM BAS."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>The first Pastoral consists of thirty-seven stanzas; the
+    second of seventy-two; the third of forty-eight; each stanza of
+    eight ten-syllable verses, of which the first six rhyme
+    alternately; the last two are a couplet. There is a short
+    argument, in verse, prefixed to each poem. That of the first
+    runs thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Anander lets Anetor wot</p>
+
+            <p>His love, his lady, and his lot."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>of the second,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Anetor seeing, seemes to tell</p>
+
+            <p>The beauty of faire Muridell,</p>
+
+            <p>And in the end, he lets hir know</p>
+
+            <p>Anander's plaint, his love, his woe."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>of the third,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Anander sick of love's disdaine</p>
+
+            <p>Doth change himself into a swaine;</p>
+
+            <p>While dos the youthful shepherd show him</p>
+
+            <p>His Muridellaes answer to him."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>This notice of these elegies cannot fail to be highly
+    interesting to your correspondent on Basse and his works, and
+    others of your readers who feel an interest in recovering the
+    lost works of our early poets.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">W.H. GUNNER</p>
+
+    <p>Winchester, March 16. 1850.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+    <p><i>Something else about "Salting."</i>&mdash;On the first
+    occasion, after birth, of any children being taken into a
+    neighbour's house, the mistress of the house always presents
+    the babe with an egg, a little flour, and some salt; and the
+    nurse, to ensure good luck, gives the child a taste of the
+    pudding, which is forthwith compounded out of these
+    ingredients. This little "mystery" has occurred too often to be
+    merely accidental; indeed, all my poorer neighbours are
+    familiarly acquainted with the custom; and they tell me that
+    money is often given in addition at the houses of the rich.</p>
+
+    <p>What is the derivation of <i>cum grano salis</i> as a hint
+    of caution? Can it come from the M.D.'s prescription; or is it
+    the grain of Attic salt or wit for which allowance has to be
+    made in every well-told story?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">A.G.</p>
+
+    <p>Ecclesfield Vicarage, March 16, 1850.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Norfolk-Weather-Rhyme</i>.</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"First comes David, then comes Chad,</p>
+
+            <p>And then comes Winneral as though he was mad,</p>
+
+            <p class="i4">White or black,</p>
+
+            <p class="i4">Or old house thack."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>The first two lines of this weather proverb may be found in
+    Hone's <i>Every-Day Book</i>, and in Denham's <i>Proverbs and
+    Popular Sayings relating to the Seasons</i> (edited for the
+    Percy Society): but St. Winwaloe, whose anniversary falls on
+    the 3rd of March, is there called "Winnold," and not, as in our
+    bit of genuine Norfolk, <i>Winneral</i>. Those versions also
+    want the explanation, that at this time there will be either
+    snow, rain, or wind; which latter is intended by the "old house
+    thack," or thatch.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Medical Charms used in Ireland&mdash;Charm for
+    Toothache</i>.&mdash;It is a singular fact, that the charm for
+    toothache stated (No. 19. p. 293.) to be prevalent in the
+    south-eastern counties of England, is also used by the lower
+    orders in the county of Kilkenny, and perhaps other parts of
+    Ireland. I have often heard the charm: it commences, "Peter sat
+    upon a stone; Jesus said, 'What aileth thee, Peter?'" and so
+    on, as in the English form.</p>
+
+    <p><i>To cure Warts</i>, the following charm is used:&mdash;A
+    wedding-ring is procured, and the wart touched or pricked with
+    a gooseberry thorn through the ring.</p>
+
+    <p><i>To cure Epilepsy</i>, take three drops of sow's milk.</p>
+
+    <p><i>To cure Blisters</i> in a cow's mouth, cut the blisters;
+    then slit the upper part of the tail, insert a clove of garlic,
+    and tie a piece of <i>red cloth</i> round the wound.</p>
+
+    <p><i>To cure the Murrain in Cows</i>.&mdash;This disease is
+    supposed to be caused by the cow having been stung about the
+    mouth while feeding, in consequence of contact with some of the
+    larger larv&aelig; of the moth (as of the Death's-head Sphynx,
+    &amp;c.), which have a soft fleshy horn on their tails,
+    erroneously believed to be a sting. If a farmer is so lucky as
+    to procure one of these rare larv&aelig;, he is to bore a hole
+    in an <i>ash tree</i>, and plug up the unlucky caterpillar
+    alive in it. The leaves of that ash tree will, from
+    thenceforth, be a specific against the disease.</p>
+
+    <p>The universal prevalence of the superstition concerning the
+    ash is extremely curious.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">J.G.</p>
+
+    <p>Kilkenny.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page350"
+       id="page350"></a>{350}</span>
+
+    <p><i>Death-bed Superstition</i>.&mdash;See <i>Guy
+    Mannering</i>, ch. xxvii. and note upon it:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"The popular idea that the protracted struggle between
+        life and death is painfully prolonged by keeping the door
+        of the apartment shut, was received as certain by the
+        superstitious eld of Scotland."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>In my country (West Gloucestershire) they throw open the
+    windows at the moment of death.</p>
+
+    <p>The notion of the escape of the soul through an opening is
+    probably only in part the origin of this superstition. It will
+    not account for opening <i>all</i> the locks in the house.
+    There is, I conceive, a notion of analogy and association.</p>
+
+    <p>"Nexosque et solveret artus," says Virgil, at the death of
+    Dido. They thought the soul, or the life, was tied up, and that
+    the unloosing of any knot might help to get rid of the
+    principle, as one may call it. For the same superstition
+    prevailed in Scotland as to marriage (Dalyell, p. 302.).
+    Witches cast knots on a cord; and in a parish in Perthshire
+    both parties, just before marriage, had every knot or tie about
+    them loosened, though they immediately proceeded, in private,
+    severally to tie them up again. And as to the period of
+    childbirth, see the grand and interesting ballad in Walter
+    Scott's <i>Border Poems</i>, vol. ii. p. 27., "Willye's
+    Lady."</p>
+
+    <p class="author">C.B.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>NOTE ON HERODOTUS BY DEAN SWIFT.</h3>
+
+    <p>The inclosed unpublished note of Dean Swift will, I hope, be
+    deemed worthy of a place in your columns. It was written by him
+    in his Herodotus, which is now in the library of Winchester
+    College, having been presented to it in 1766, by John Smyth de
+    Burgh, Earl of Clanricarde. The genuineness of the handwriting
+    is attested by a certificate of George Faulkner, who, it
+    appears, was well qualified to decide upon it. The edition is
+    Jungerman's, folio, printed by Paul Stephens, in 1718.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">W.H. GUNNER.</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"<i>Judicium de Herodoto post longum tempus
+        relicto</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+        <p>"Ctesias mendacissimus Herodotum mendaciorum arguit,
+        exceptis paucissimis (ut mea fert sententia) omnimodo
+        excusandum. C&aelig;terum diverticulis abundans, hic pater
+        Historicorum, filum narrationis ad t&aelig;dium abrumpit;
+        unde oritur (ut par est) legentibus confusio, et exinde
+        oblivio. Quin et forsan ips&aelig; narrationes
+        circumstantiis nimium pro re scatent. Quod ad c&aelig;tera,
+        hunc scriptorem inter apprim&egrave; laudandos censeo,
+        neque Gr&aelig;cis, neque barbaris plus &aelig;quo
+        faventem, aut iniquum: in orationibus fere brevem,
+        simplicem, nec nimis frequentem: Neque absunt dogmata, e
+        quibus eruditus lector prudentiam, tam moralem, quam
+        civilem, haurire poterit.</p>
+
+        <p>"Julii 6: 1720. J. SWIFT"</p>
+
+        <p>"I do hereby certify that the above is the handwriting
+        of the late Dr. Jonathan Swift, D.S.P.D., from whom I have
+        had many letters and printed several pieces from his
+        original MS.</p>
+
+        <p>"Dublin, Aug. 21. 1762. GEORGE FAULKNER."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>HERRICK'S HESPERIDES.</h3>
+
+    <p>There can be few among your subscribers who are unacquainted
+    with the sweet lyric effusion of Herrick "to the Virgins, to
+    make much of Time," beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Gather you rose-buds while ye may,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Old Time is still a-flying;</p>
+
+            <p>And this same flower, that smiles to-day,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">To-morrow will be dying."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>The following "Answer" appeared in a publication not so well
+    known as the <i>Hesperides</i>. I have therefore made a note of
+    it from <i>Cantos, Songs, and Stanzas</i>, &amp;c., 3rd ed.
+    printed in Aberdeen, by John Forbes, 1682.</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"I gather, where I hope to gain,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">I know swift Time doth fly;</p>
+
+            <p>Those fading buds methinks are vain,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">To-morrow that may die.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"The higher Phoebus goes on high,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">The lower is his fall;</p>
+
+            <p>But length of days gives me more light,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Freedom to know my thrall.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Then why do ye think I lose my time,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Because I do not marrie;</p>
+
+            <p>Vain fantasies make not my prime,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Nor can make me miscarrie."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">J.M. GUTCH.</p>
+
+    <p>Worcester.</p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+    <h2>QUERIES.</h2>
+
+    <h3>REV. DR. TOMLINSON.</h3>
+
+    <p>Mr. G. Bouchier Richardson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, who is
+    at present engaged in compiling the life and correspondence of
+    Robert Thomlinson, D.D., Rector of Whickham, co. Dur.; Lecturer
+    of St. Nicholas, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and founder of the
+    Thomlinson Library there; Prebendary of St. Paul's; and
+    Vice-Principal of Edmund Hall, Oxon., is very anxious for the
+    communication of any matter illustrative of the life of the
+    Doctor, his family and ancestry; which, it is presumed, is
+    derivable from the family of that name long seated at Howden,
+    in Yorkshire.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3>
+
+    <p><i>"A" or "An," before Words, beginning with a
+    Vowel.</i>&mdash;Your readers are much indebted to Dr. Kennedy
+    for his late exposure of the erroneous, though common, use of
+    the phrase "mutual friend," and I am convinced that there are
+    many similar solecisms which only require to be denounced to
+    ensure their disuse. I am anxious to ask the opinion of Dr. K.,
+    and others of your subscribers, on another point in the English
+    language, namely, the principles which should guide our use of
+    "A" or "An" before a word beginning with a vowel, as the
+    practice does not appear to be uniform in this respect. The
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page351"
+       id="page351"></a>{351}</span> minister of my parish
+       invariably says in his sermon, "Such an one," which, I
+       confess, to my ear is grating enough. I conclude he would
+       defend himself by the rule that where the succeeding word,
+       as "one," begins with a vowel, "An," and not "A," should be
+       used; but this appears to me not altogether satisfactory,
+       as, though "one" is spelt as beginning with a vowel, it is
+       <i>pronounced</i> as if beginning with a consonant thus,
+       "won." The rule of adding or omitting the final "n,"
+       according as the following word commences with a vowel or a
+       consonant, was meant, I conceive, entirely for elegance in
+       <i>speaking</i>, to avoid the jar on the ear which would
+       otherwise be occasioned, and has no reference to
+       <i>writing</i>, or the appearance on paper of the words. I
+       consider, therefore, that an exception must be made to the
+       rule of using "An" before words beginning with a vowel in
+       cases where the words are pronounced as if beginning with a
+       consonant, as "one," "use," and its derivatives, "ubiquity,"
+       "unanimity," and some others which will no doubt occur to
+       your readers. I should be glad to be informed if my opinion
+       is correct; and I will only further observe, that the same
+       remarks are applicable towards words beginning with
+       "<i>h</i>." <i>An horse</i> sounds as bad as <i>a hour</i>;
+       and it is obvious that in these cases employment of "A" or
+       "An" is dictated by the consideration whether the aspirate
+       is <i>sounded</i> or is <i>quiescent</i>, and has no
+       reference to the spelling of the word.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">PRISCIAN.</p>
+
+    <p><i>The Lucky have whole Days.</i>&mdash;I, like your
+    correspondent "P.S." (No. 15., p. 231.), am anxious to
+    ascertain the authorship of the lines to which he refers.</p>
+
+    <p>They stand in my Common-place Book as follows, which I
+    consider to be a more correct version than that given by
+    "P.S.":&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Fate's dark recesses we can never find,</p>
+
+            <p>But Fortune, at some hours, to all is kind:</p>
+
+            <p>The lucky have whole days, which still they
+            choose;</p>
+
+            <p>The unlucky have but hours, and those they
+            lose."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">H.H.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Line quoted by De Quincey.</i>&mdash;"S.P.S." inquires
+    who is the author of the following line, quoted by De Quincey
+    in the <i>Confessions of an English Opium Eater</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Battlements that on their restless fronts bore
+            stars."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p><i>Bishop Jewel's Papers.</i>&mdash;It is generally
+    understood that the papers left by Bishop Jewel were bequeathed
+    to his friend Dr. Garbrand, who published some of them. The
+    rest, it has been stated, passed from Dr. G. into the
+    possession of New College, Oxford. Are any of these still
+    preserved in the library of that college? or, if not, can any
+    trace be found of the persons into whose hands they
+    subsequently came, or of the circumstances under which they
+    were lost to New College?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">A.H.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon</i>.&mdash;In Fenn's
+    <i>Paston Letters</i>, XCVIII. (vol. iii., p. 393., or vol. i.,
+    p. 113. Bohn), entitled "An ancient Whitsunday Sermon, preached
+    by Friar Brackley (whose hand it is). At the Friers Minors
+    Church in Norwich" occurs the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Semiplenum gaudium est quando quis in pr&aelig;senti
+        gaudet et tunc cogitans de futuris dolet; ut in quodam
+        libro Gr&aelig;co, &amp;c."</p>
+
+        <p>"Quidam Rex Gr&aelig;ci&aelig;, &amp;c.; here ye may see
+        but half a joy; who should joy in this world if he
+        remembered him of the pains of the other world?"</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>What is the Greek Book, and who is the king of Greece
+    alluded to?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">N.E.R.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Selden's Titles of Honour</i>.&mdash;Does any gentleman
+    possess a MS. Index to Selden's <i>Titles of Honour</i>? Such,
+    if printed, would be a boon; for it is a dreadful book to wade
+    through for what one wants to find.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">B.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Colonel Hyde Seymour</i>.&mdash;In a book dated 1720, is
+    written "Borrow the Book of Col. Hyde Seymour." I am anxious to
+    know who the said Colonel was, his birth, &amp;c.?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">B.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Quem Deus vult perdere, &amp;c</i>.&mdash;Prescot, in his
+    <i>History of the Conquest of Peru</i> (vol. ii., p. 404., 8vo.
+    ed.), says, while remarking on the conduct of Gonzalo Pisaro,
+    that it may be accounted for by "the insanity," as the Roman,
+    or rather Grecian proverb calls it, "with which the gods
+    afflict men when they design to ruin them." He quotes the Greek
+    proverb from a fragment of Euripides, in his note:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"&Omicron;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &delta;&epsilon;
+            &Delta;&alpha;&iota;&mu;&omega;&nu;
+            &alpha;&nu;&delta;&rho;&iota;
+            &pi;&alpha;&rho;&sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&eta;
+            &kappa;&alpha;&kappa;&alpha;</p>
+
+            <p>&Tau;&omicron;&nu; &nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu;
+            &epsilon;&beta;&lambda;&alpha;&psi;&epsilon;
+            &pi;&rho;&omega;&tau;&omicron;&nu;."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>I wish to know whether the Roman proverb, <i>Quem vult
+    perdere Deus prius dementat</i>, is merely a translation of
+    this, or whether it is to be found in a Latin author? If the
+    latter, in what author? Is it in Seneca?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">EDWARD S. JACKSON.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Southwell's Supplication</i>.&mdash;Can any one inform me
+    where I can see a copy of <i>Robert Southwell's Supplication to
+    Queen Elizabeth</i>, which was printed, according to Watts, in
+    1593? or can any one, who has seen it, inform me what is the
+    style and character of it?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">J.S.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Gesta Grayorum</i>.&mdash;In Nichol's <i>Progresses of
+    Queen Elizabeth</i>, vol. iii., p. 262., a tract is inserted,
+    entitled "Gesta Grayorum; or, History of the High and Mighty
+    Prince Henry, Prince of Purpoole, &amp;c., who lived and died
+    in A.D. 1594." The original is said to have been printed in
+    1688, by Mr. Henry Keepe. Is any copy of it to be had or
+    seen?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">J.S.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Snow of Chicksand Priory</i>.&mdash;"A.J.S.P." desires
+    information respecting the immediate descendants of R. Snow,
+    Esq., to whom the site of
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page352"
+       id="page352"></a>{352}</span> Chicksand Priory,
+       Bedfordshire, was granted, 1539: it was alienated by his
+       family, about 1600, to Sir John Osborn, Knt., whose
+       descendants now possess it. In Berry's <i>Pedigrees of
+       Surrey Families</i>, p. 83., I find an Edward Snowe of
+       Chicksand mentioned as having married Emma, second daughter
+       of William Byne, Esq., of Wakehurst, Sussex. What was his
+       relationship to R. Snow, mentioned above? The arms of this
+       family are, Per fesse nebul&eacute;e azure, and argent three
+       antelopes' heads, erased counterchanged, armed or.</p>
+
+    <p><i>The Bristol Riots</i>.&mdash;"J.B.M." asks our Bristol
+    readers what compilation may be relied on as an accurate
+    description of the Bristol riots of 1831? and whether <i>The
+    Bristol Riots, their Causes, Progress, and Consequences, by a
+    Citizen</i>, is generally received as an accurate account?</p>
+
+    <p>1, Union Place, Lisson Grove.</p>
+
+    <p><i>A Living Dog better that a Dead Lion</i>.&mdash;Can any
+    of your readers inform me with whom the proverb originated:
+    "<i>A living dog is better than a dead lion?</i>" F. Domin.
+    Bannez (or Bannes), in his defence of Cardinal Cajetan, after
+    his death, against the attacks of Cardinal Catharinus and
+    Melchior Canus (<i>Comment. in prim. par. S. Thom.</i> p. 450.
+    ed. Duaci, 1614), says&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Certe potest dici de istis, quod de Gr&aelig;cis
+        insultantibus Hectori jam mortuo dixit Homerus, qu&ograve;d
+        <i>leoni mortuo etiam lepores insultant</i>."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>Query? Is this, or any like expression, to be found in
+    Homer? If so, I should feel much obliged to any of your
+    correspondents who would favour me with the reference.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">JOHN SANSOM.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Author of "Literary Leisure</i>."&mdash;Can any of your
+    readers inform me of the name of the author of <i>Literary
+    Leisure</i>, published by Miller, Old Bond Street, 1802, in 2
+    volumes? It purports to have come out in weekly parts, of which
+    the first is dated Sept. 26. 1799. It contains many interesting
+    papers in prose and verse: it is dedicated to the Editors of
+    the <i>Monthly Review</i>. The motto in the title-page
+    is&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Saiva res est: philosophatur quoque jam;</p>
+
+            <p>Quod erat ei nomen?
+            Thesaurochrysonicochrysides."&mdash;Plautus.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Is the work noticed in the <i>Monthly Review</i>, about that
+    time?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">NEMO.</p>
+
+    <p><i>The Meaning of "Complexion."</i>&mdash;Is the word
+    "complexion," used in describing an individual, to be
+    considered as applied to the <i>tint</i> of the skin only, or
+    to the colour of the hair and eyes? Can a person, having dark
+    eyes and hair, but with a clear white skin, be said to be
+    fair?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">NEMO.</p>
+
+    <p><i>American Bittern&mdash;Derivation of
+    "Calamity."</i>&mdash;It has been stated of an American
+    Bittern, that it has the power of admitting rays of light from
+    its breast, by which fish are attracted within its reach. Can
+    any one inform me as to the fact, or refer me to any
+    ornithological work in which I can find it?</p>
+
+    <p>In answer to "F.S. Martin"&mdash;Calamity
+    (<i>calamitas</i>), not from <i>calamus</i>, as it is usually
+    derived, but perhaps from obs. <i>calamis</i>, i.e.
+    <i>columis</i>, from &kappa;&omicron;&lambda;&omega;
+    &kappa;&omicron;&lambda;&alpha;&omega;
+    &kappa;&omicron;&lambda;&alpha;&zeta;&omega; to maim, mutilate,
+    and so for <i>columitas</i>. (See Riddle's <i>Lat.-Eng.
+    Dictionary</i>.)</p>
+
+    <p class="author">AUGUSTINE.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Inquisition in Mexico.</i>&mdash;"D." wishes to be
+    furnished with references to any works in which the actual
+    establishment of the Inquisition in Mexico is mentioned or
+    described, or in which any other information respecting it is
+    conveyed.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Masters of St. Cross</i>.&mdash;"H. EDWARDS" will be
+    obliged by information of any work except <i>Dugdale's
+    Monasticon</i>, containing a list of the names of the Master of
+    the Hospital of St. Cross, Winchester; or of the Masters or
+    Priors of the same place before Humphry de Milers; and of the
+    Masters between Bishop Sherborne, about 1491, and Bishop
+    Compton, about 1674.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Etymology of "Dalston."</i>&mdash;The hamlet of Hackney,
+    now universally known only as <i>Dalston</i>, is spelt by most
+    topographists <i>Dorleston</i> or <i>Dalston</i>. I have seen
+    it in one old Gazette <i>Darlston</i>, and I observed it
+    lately, on a stone let in to an old row of houses,
+    <i>Dolston</i>; this was dated 1792. I have searched a great
+    many books in vain to discover the etymology, and from it, of
+    course, the correct spelling of the word, the oldest form of
+    which that I can find is <i>Dorleston</i>.</p>
+
+    <p>The only probable derivations of it that I can find are the
+    old words <i>Doles</i> and <i>ton</i> (from Saxon <i>dun</i>),
+    a village built upon a slip of land between furrows of ploughed
+    earth; or <i>Dale</i> (Dutch <i>Dal</i>), and <i>stone</i>, a
+    bank in a valley. The word may, however, be derived from some
+    man's name, though I can find none at all like it in a long
+    list of tenants upon Hackney Manor that I have searched. If any
+    of your readers can furnish this information they will much
+    oblige.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">H.C. DE ST. CROIX.</p>
+
+    <p><i>"Brown Study"</i>&mdash;a term generally applied to
+    intense reverie. Why "brown," rather than blue or yellow?
+    <i>Brown</i> must be a corruption of some word. Query of
+    "barren," in the sense of fruitless or useless?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">D.V.S.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Coal Brandy</i>.&mdash;People now old can recollect that,
+    when young, they heard people then old talk of "coal-brandy."
+    What was this? <i>Cold</i>? or, in modern phase, <i>raw</i>,
+    <i>neat</i>, or <i>genuine</i>?</p>
+
+    <p class="author">CANTAB.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Swot</i>.&mdash;I have often heard military men talk of
+    <i>swot</i>, meaning thereby mathematics; and persons eminent
+    in that science are termed "<i>good swots</i>." As I never
+    heard the word except amongst the military, but there almost
+    universally in "free and
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page353"
+       id="page353"></a>{353}</span> easy," conversation, I am led
+       to think it a cant term. At any rate, I shall be glad to be
+       informed of its origin,&mdash;if it be not lost in the mists
+       of soldierly antiquity.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">CANTAB.</p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+    <h2>REPLIES.</h2>
+
+    <h3>THE DODO.</h3>
+
+    <p>Mr. Strickland has justly observed that this subject
+    "belongs rather to human history than to pure zoology." Though
+    I have not seen Mr. Strickland's book, I venture to offer him a
+    few suggestions, not as <i>answers</i> to his questions, but as
+    slight aids towards the resolution of some of them.</p>
+
+    <p>Qu. 1. There can be no doubt about the discovery of
+    Mauritius and Bourbon by the Portuguese; and if not by a
+    Mascarhenas, that the islands were first so named in honour of
+    some member of that illustrious family, many of whom make a
+    conspicuous figure in the Decads of the Portuguese Livy. I
+    expected to have found some notice of the discovery in the very
+    curious little volume of Antonio Galva&otilde;, printed in
+    1563, under the following title:&mdash;<i>Tratado dos
+    Descobrimentos Antigos, e Modernos feitos at&eacute; a Era de
+    1550</i>; but I merely find a vague notice of several nameless
+    islands&mdash;"alguma Ilheta sem gente: onde diz que
+    tomara&otilde; agoa e lenha"&mdash;and that, in 1517, Jorge
+    Mascarenhas was despatched by sea to the coast of China. This
+    is the more provoking, as, in general, Galva&otilde; is very
+    circumstantial about the discoveries of his countrymen.</p>
+
+    <p>Qu. 5. The article in Ree's <i>Cyclop&aelig;dia</i> is a
+    pretty specimen of the manner in which such things are
+    sometimes concocted, as the following extracts will
+    show:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Of <i>Bats</i> they have as big as Hennes about Java
+        and the neighbor islands. Clusius bought one of the
+        Hollanders, which they brought from the Island of Swannes
+        (Ilha do Cisne), newly styled by them Maurice Island. It
+        was about a foot from head to taile, above a foot about;
+        the wings one and twenty inches long, nine broad; the claw,
+        whereby it hung on the trees, was two inches," &amp;c.
+        "Here also they found a Fowle, which they called
+        Walgh-vogel, of the bigness of a Swanne, and most deformed
+        shape." (<i>Purchas his Pilgrimage</i>, 1616, p. 642.)</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>And afterward, speaking of the island of Madura, he
+    says,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"In these partes are Battes as big as Hennes, which the
+        people roast and eat."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>In the <i>Lettres &eacute;difiantes</i> (edit. 1781, t.
+    xiii. p. 302.) is a letter from P&egrave;re Brown to Madame de
+    Benamont concerning the Isle of Bourbon, which he calls
+    "<i>l'Isle de Mascarin</i>" erroneously saying it was
+    discovered by the Dutch about sixty years since. (The letter is
+    supposed to have been written about the commencement of the
+    eighteenth century.) He then relates how it was peopled by
+    French fugitives from Madagascar, when the massacre there took
+    place on account of the conduct of the <i>French</i> king and
+    his court. In describing its production, he says,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Vers l'est de cette Isle il y a une petite plaine au
+        haut d'une montagne, qu'on appelle la Plaine des
+        <i>Caffres</i>, o&ugrave; l'on trouve un gros <i>oiseau
+        bleu</i>, dont la couleur est fort &eacute;clatante. Il
+        ressemble &agrave; un pigeon ramier; il vole rarement, et
+        toujours en rasant la terre, mais il marche avec une
+        vitesse surprenante; les habitans ne lui ont point encore
+        donn&eacute; d'autre nom que celui <i>d'oiseau bleu</i>; sa
+        chair est assez bonne et se conserve longtemps."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>Not a word, however, about the <i>Dodo</i>, which had it
+    then existed there, would certainly have been noticed by the
+    observant Jesuit. But now for the <i>bat</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"La <i>chauve-souris</i> est ici de la grosseur d'une
+        poule. Cet <i>oiseau</i> ne vit que de fruits et de grains,
+        et c'est un mets fort commun dans le pays. J'avois de la
+        r&eacute;pugnance &agrave; suivre l'exemple de ceux qui en
+        mangeoient; mais en ayant go&ucirc;t&eacute; par surprise,
+        j'en trouvai la chair fort d&eacute;licate. On peut dire
+        que cet <i>animal</i>, qu'on abhorre naturellement, n'a
+        rien de mauvais que la figure."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>The Italics are mine; but they serve to show how the
+    confusion has arisen. The writer speaks of the almost entire
+    extinction of the land Turtles, which were formerly abundant;
+    and says, that the island was well stocked with goats and wild
+    hogs, but for some time they had retreated to the mountains,
+    where no one dared venture to wage war upon them.</p>
+
+    <p>Again, in the <i>Voyage de l'Arabie Heureuse par
+    l'Oc&eacute;an Oriental et le D&eacute;troit de la Mer rouge,
+    dans les Ann&eacute;es 1708-10</i> (Paris, 1716, 12mo.), the
+    vessels visit both Mauritius and Bourbon, and some account of
+    the then state of both islands is given. At the Mauritius, one
+    of the captains relates that, foraging for
+    provisions,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Toute notre chasse se borna &agrave; quelques pigeons
+        rouge&acirc;tres, que nous tu&acirc;mes, et qui se laissent
+        tellement approcher, qu'on peut les assommer &agrave; coup
+        de pierres. Je tuai aussi deux <i>chauve-souris</i> d'une
+        esp&egrave;ce particuli&egrave;re, <i>de couleur
+        violette</i>, avec de petites taches jaunes, ayant une
+        esp&egrave;ce de crampon aux ailes, par o&ugrave; cet
+        <i>oiseau</i> se pend aux branches des arbres, et <i>un bec
+        de perroquet</i>. Les Hollandois disent qu'elles sont
+        bonnes &agrave; manger; et qu'en certaine saison, elles
+        valent bien nos b&eacute;casses."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>At Bourbon, he says,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"On y voit grandes nombres <i>d'oiseau bleu</i> qui
+            se</p>
+
+            <p>nichent dans les herbes et dans les
+            foug&egrave;res."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>This was in the year 1710. There were then, he says, not
+    more than forty Dutch settlers on the Island of Mauritius, and
+    they were daily hoping and expecting to be transferred to
+    Batavia. As editor (La Roque) subjoins a relation furnished on
+    the authority of M. de Vilers, who had been governor there for
+    the India Company, in which it is
+    said,&mdash;</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page354"
+       id="page354"></a>{354}</span>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"The island was uninhabited when the Portuguese, after
+        having doubled the Cape of Good Hope, discovered it. They
+        gave it the name of Mascarhenas, <i>&agrave; cause que leur
+        chef se nommoit ainsi</i>; and the vulgar still preserve
+        it, calling the inhabitants <i>Mascarins</i>. It was not
+        decidedly inhabited until 1654, when M. de Flacour,
+        commandant at Madagascar, sent some invalids there to
+        recover their health, that others followed; and since then
+        it has been named the Isle of Bourbon."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>Still no notice of the <i>Dodo!</i> but</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"On y trouve des oiseaux appelez <i>Flamans</i>, qui
+        excedent la hauteur d'un grand homme."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>Qu. 6. I know not whether Mr. S. is aware that there is the
+    head of a Dodo in the Royal Museum of Natural History at
+    Copenhagen, which came from the collection of Paludanus? M.
+    Domeny de Rienzi, the compiler of <i>Oc&eacute;anie, ou
+    cinqui&egrave;me Partie du Globe</i> (1838, t. iii. p. 384.),
+    tells us, that a Javanese captain gave him part of a
+    <i>Dronte</i>, which he unfortunately lost on being
+    shipwrecked; but he forgot where he said he obtained it.</p>
+
+    <p>Qu. 7. <i>Dodo</i> is most probably the name given at first
+    to the bird by the Portuguese; <i>Doudo</i>, in that language,
+    being a fool or <i>lumpish</i> stupid person. And, besides that
+    name, it bore that of <i>T&ouml;lpel</i> in German, which has
+    the same signification. The <i>Dod-aers</i> of the Dutch is
+    most probably a vulgar epithet of the Dutch sailors, expressive
+    of its <i>lumpish</i> conformation and inactivity. Our sailors
+    would possibly have substituted heavy-a&mdash;&mdash;. I find
+    the Dodo was also called the <i>Monk-swan</i> of St. Maurice's
+    Island at the commencement of last century. The word
+    <i>Dronte</i> is apparently neither Portugese nor Spanish,
+    though in Connelly's <i>Dictionary</i> of the latter language
+    we have&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"<i>Dronte</i>, cierto p&aacute;xaro de Indias de alas
+        muy cortas&mdash;an appellation given by some to the
+        Dodo."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>It seems to me to be connected with <i>Drone</i>; but this
+    can only be ascertained from the period and the people by whom
+    it was applied.</p>
+
+    <p>That the bird once existed there can be no doubt, from the
+    notice of Sir Hamon L'Estrange, which there is no reason for
+    questioning; and there seems to be as little reason to suppose
+    that Tradescant's stuffed specimen was a fabrication. He used
+    to preserve his own specimens; and there could be no motive at
+    that period for a fabrication. I had hoped to have found some
+    notice of it in the <i>Diary</i> of that worthy virtuoso
+    Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach, who visited the Ashmolean
+    Museum in 1710; but though he notices other natural
+    curiosities, there is no mention of it. This worthy remarks on
+    the slovenly condition and inadequate superintendence of our
+    museums, and especially of that of Gresham College; but those
+    who recollect the state of our great national museum forty
+    years since will not be surprised at this, or at the calamitous
+    destruction of Tradescant's specimen of the Dodo. That the bird
+    was extinct above 150 years ago I think we may conclude from
+    the notices I have extracted from La Roque, and the letter of
+    the Jesuit Brown. Mr. Strickland has done good service to the
+    cause of natural science by his monograph of this very curious
+    subject; and to him every particle of information must be
+    acceptable: this must be my excuse for the almost nothing I
+    have been able to contribute.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p>
+
+    <p>March 26. 1850.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>THE WATCHING OF THE SEPULCHRE.</h3>
+
+    <p>Inquired about by "T.W." (No. 20. p. 318.), is a liturgical
+    practice, which long was, and still is, observed in Holy Week.
+    On Maundy Thursday, several particles of the Blessed Eucharist,
+    consecrated at the Mass sung that day, were reserved&mdash;a
+    larger one for the celebrating priest on the morrow, Good
+    Friday; the smaller ones for the viaticum of the dying, should
+    need be, and carried in solemn procession all round the church,
+    from the high altar to a temporary erection, fitted up like a
+    tomb, with lights, and the figure of an angel watching by, on
+    the north side of the chancel. Therein the Eucharist was kept
+    till Easter Sunday morning, according to the Salisbury Ritual;
+    and there were people kneeling and praying at this so-called
+    sepulchre all the time, both night and day. To take care of the
+    church, left open throughout this period, and to look after the
+    lights, it was necessary for the sacristan to have other men to
+    help him; and what was given to them for this service is put
+    down in the church-wardens' books as money for "watching the
+    sepulchre." By the Roman Ritual, this ceremony lasts only from
+    Maundy Thursday till Good Friday. This rite will be duly
+    followed in my own little church here at Buckland, where some
+    of my flock, two and two, in stated succession, all through the
+    night, as well as day, will be watching from just after Mass on
+    Maundy Thursday till next morning's service. In some of the
+    large Catholic churches in London and the provinces, this
+    ceremony is observed with great splendour.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">DANIEL ROCK.</p>
+
+    <p>Buckland, Farringdon.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Watching the Sepulchre.</i>&mdash;If no one sends a more
+    satisfactory reply to the query about "Watching the Sepulchre,"
+    the following extract from Parker's <i>Glossary of
+    Architecture</i> (3rd edit. p. 197.) will throw some light on
+    the matter:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"In many churches we find a large flat arch in the north
+        wall of the chancel near the alter, which was called the
+        Holy Sepulchre; and was used at Easter for the performance
+        of solemn rites commemorative of the resurrection of our
+        Lord. On this occasion there was usually a temporary wooden
+        erection over the arch; but, occasionally, the whole was of
+        stone, and very richly ornamented. There are fine specimens
+        at Navenby and Heckington churches, Lincolnshire, and
+        <span class="pagenum"><a name="page355"
+           id="page355"></a>{355}</span> Hawton church, Notts. All
+           these in the decorated style of the fourteenth century;
+           and are of great magnificence, especially the last."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>To this account of the sepulchre I may add, that one
+    principal part of the solemn rites referred to above consisted
+    in depositing a consecrated wafer or, as at Durham Cathedral, a
+    crucifix within its recess&mdash;a symbol of the entombment of
+    our blessed Lord&mdash;and removing it with great pomp,
+    accompanied sometimes with a mimetic representation of the
+    visit of the Marys to the tomb, on the morning of Easter
+    Sunday. This is a subject capable of copious illustration, for
+    which, some time since, I collected some materials (which are
+    quite at your service); but, as your space is valuable, I will
+    only remark, that the "Watching the Sepulchre" was probably in
+    imitation of the watch kept by the Roman soldiers round the
+    tomb of Our Lord, and with the view of preserving the host from
+    any casualty.</p>
+
+    <p>At Rome, the ceremony is anticipated, the wafer being
+    carried in procession, on the Thursday in Passion Week, from
+    the Sistine to the Paoline Chapel, and brought back again on
+    the Friday; thus missing the whole intention of the rite. Dr.
+    Baggs, in his <i>Ceremonies of Holy Week at Rome</i>, says (p.
+    65.):&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"When the pope reaches the altar (of the Capella
+        Paolina), the first cardinal deacon receives from his hands
+        the blessed sacrament, and, preceded by torches, carries it
+        to the upper part of the <i>macchina</i>; M. Sagrista
+        places it within the urn commonly called the sepulchre,
+        where it is incensed by the Pope.... M. Sagrista then shuts
+        the sepulchre, and delivers the key to the Card.
+        Penitentiary, who is to officiate on the following
+        day."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p class="author">E.V.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>POEM BY SIR EDWARD DYER.</h3>
+
+    <p><i>Dr. Rimbault's 4th Qu.</i> (No. 19. p. 302.).&mdash;"My
+    mind to me a kingdom is" will be found to be of much earlier
+    date than Nicholas Breton. Percy partly printed it from William
+    Byrds's <i>Psalmes, Sonets, and Songs of Sadnes</i> (no date,
+    but 1588 according to Ames), with some additions and
+    <i>improvements (?)</i> from a B.L. copy in the Pepysian
+    collection. I have met with it in some early poetical
+    miscellany&mdash;perhaps Tottel, or <i>England's
+    Helicon</i>&mdash;but cannot just now refer to either.</p>
+
+    <p>The following copy is from a cotemporary MS. containing many
+    of the poems of Sir Edward Dyer, Edward Earl of Oxford, and
+    their cotemporaries, several of which have never been
+    published. The collection appears to have been made by Robert
+    Mills, of Cambridge. Dr. Rimbault will, no doubt, be glad to
+    compare this text with Breton's. It is, at least, much more
+    genuine than the <i>composite</i> one given by Bishop
+    Percy.</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"My mynde to me a kyngdome is,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Suche preasente joyes therin I fynde,</p>
+
+            <p>That it excells all other blisse,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">That earth affordes or growes by
+            kynde;</p>
+
+            <p>Thoughe muche I wante which moste would have,</p>
+
+            <p>Yet still my mynde forbiddes to crave.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"No princely pompe, no wealthy store,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">No force to winne the victorye,</p>
+
+            <p>No wilye witt to salve a sore,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">No shape to feade a loving eye;</p>
+
+            <p>To none of these I yielde as thrall,</p>
+
+            <p>For why? my mynde dothe serve for all.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"I see howe plenty suffers ofte,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">And hasty clymers sone do fall,</p>
+
+            <p>I see that those which are alofte</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Mishapp dothe threaten moste of all;</p>
+
+            <p>They get with toyle, they keepe with feare,</p>
+
+            <p>Suche cares my mynde coulde never beare.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Content to live, this is my staye,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">I seeke no more than maye suffyse,</p>
+
+            <p>I presse to beare no haughty swaye;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Look what I lack, my mynde supplies;</p>
+
+            <p>Lo, thus I triumph like a kynge,</p>
+
+            <p>Content with that my mynde doth bringe.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Some have too muche, yet still do crave,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">I little have and seek no more,</p>
+
+            <p>They are but poore, though muche they have,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">And I am ryche with lyttle store;</p>
+
+            <p>They poore, I ryche, they begge, I gyve,</p>
+
+            <p>They lacke, I leave, they pyne, I lyve.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"I laughe not at another's losse,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">I grudge not at another's payne;</p>
+
+            <p>No worldly wants my mynde can toss,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">My state at one dothe still remayne:</p>
+
+            <p>I feare no foe, I fawn no friende,</p>
+
+            <p>I lothe not lyfe nor dreade my ende.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"Some weighe their pleasure by theyre luste,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Theyre wisdom by theyre rage of wyll,</p>
+
+            <p>Theyre treasure is theyre onlye truste,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">A cloked crafte theyre store of
+            skylle:</p>
+
+            <p>But all the pleasure that I fynde</p>
+
+            <p>Is to mayntayne a quiet mynde.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>"My wealthe is healthe and perfect ease,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">My conscience cleere my chiefe
+            defence,</p>
+
+            <p>I neither seek by brybes to please,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Nor by deceyte to breede offence;</p>
+
+            <p>Thus do I lyve, thus will I dye,</p>
+
+            <p>Would all did so as well as I.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p class="i2">"FINIS. [Symbol: CROWN] E. DIER."</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">S.W.S.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>ROBERT CROWLEY.</h3>
+
+    <p>"Be pleased to observe," says Herbert, "that, though 'The
+    Supper of the Lorde' and 'The Vision of Piers Plowman' are
+    inserted among the rest of his writings, he wrote only the
+    prefixes to them" (vol. ii. p. 278.). Farther on he gives the
+    title of the book, and adds, "Though this treatise is
+    anonymous, Will. Tindall is allowed to have been the author;
+    Crowley wrote only the preface." It was originally printed at
+    Nornberg, and dated as above [the same date as that given by
+    "C.H.," No. 21. p. 332.]. "Bearing no printer's name, nor date
+    of printing, I have placed it to Crowley, being a printer, as
+    having the justest claim to it" (p. 762.).
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page356"
+       id="page356"></a>{356}</span> There is a copy in the Lambeth
+       Library, No. 553. p. 249. in my "List," of which I have said
+       (on what grounds I do not now know), "This must be a
+       different edition from that noticed by Herbert (ii. 762.)
+       and Dibdin (iv. 334. No. 2427.)." I have not Dibdin's work
+       at hand to refer to, but as I see nothing in Herbert on
+       which I could ground such a statement, I suppose that
+       something may be found in Dibdin's account; though probably
+       it may be only my mistake or his. As to foreign editions, I
+       always feel very suspicious of their existence; and though I
+       do not remember this book in particular, or know why I
+       supposed it to differ from the edition ascribed to Crowley,
+       yet I feel pretty confident that it bore no mark of
+       "Nornberg." According to my description it had four pairs of
+       [Symbol: pointing hands] on the title, and contained E iv.,
+       in eights, which should be thirty <i>six</i> leaves.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">S.R. MAITLAND.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3>
+
+    <p><i>John Ross Mackay</i> (No. 8. p. 125.).&mdash;In reply to
+    the Query of your correspondent "D.," I beg to forward the
+    following quotation from Sir N.W. Wraxall's <i>Historical
+    Memoirs of his Own Time</i>, 3rd edition. Speaking of the peace
+    of Fontainbleau, he says,&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"John Ross Mackay, who had been private secretary to the
+        Earl of Bute, and afterwards during seventeen years was
+        treasurer of the ordnance, a man with whom I was personally
+        acquainted, frequently avowed the fact. He lived to a very
+        advanced age, sat in several parliaments, and only died, I
+        believe in 1796. A gentleman of high professional rank, and
+        of unimpeached veracity, who is still alive, told me, that
+        dining at the late Earl of Besborough's, in Cavendish
+        Square, in the year 1790, where only four persons were
+        present, including himself, Ross Mackay, who was one of the
+        number, gave them the most ample information upon the
+        subject. Lord Besborough having called after dinner for a
+        bottle of champagne, a wine to which Mackay was partial,
+        and the conversation turning on the means of governing the
+        House of Commons, Mackay said, that, 'money formed, after
+        all, the only effectual and certain method.' 'The peace of
+        1763,' continued he, 'was carried through and approved by a
+        pecuniary distribution. Nothing else could have surmounted
+        the difficulty. I was myself the channel through which the
+        money passed. With my own hand I secured above one hundred
+        and twenty votes on that most important question to
+        ministers. Eighty thousand pounds were set apart for the
+        purpose. Forty members of the House of Commons received
+        from me a thousand pounds each. To eighty others, I paid
+        five hundred pounds apiece.'"</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p class="author">DAVID STEWARD.</p>
+
+    <p>Godalming, March 19. 1850.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Shipster</i>.&mdash;<i>Gourders</i>.&mdash;As no
+    satisfactory elucidation of the question propounded by Mr. Fox
+    (No. 14. p. 216.) has been suggested, and I think he will
+    scarcely accept the conjecture of "F.C.B.," however ingenious
+    (No. 21. p. 339.), I am tempted to offer a note on the business
+    or calling of a shipster. It had, I believe, no connection with
+    nautical concerns; it did not designate a skipper (in the Dutch
+    use of the word) of the fair sex. That rare volume, Caxton's
+    <i>Boke for Travellers</i>, a treasury of archaisms, supplies
+    the best definition of her calling:&mdash;"Mabyll the shepster
+    cheuissheth her right well; she maketh surplys, shertes,
+    breches, keuerchiffs, and all that may be wrought of lynnen
+    cloth." The French term given, as corresponding to shepster, is
+    "<i>cousturi&egrave;re.</i>" Palsgrave also, in his
+    <i>&Egrave;claircissement de la Langue fran&ccedil;oyse</i>,
+    gives "schepstarre, <i>lingi&egrave;re</i>:&mdash;sheres for
+    shepsters, <i>forces</i>." If further evidence were requisite,
+    old Elyot might be cited, who renders both <i>sarcinatrix</i>
+    and <i>sutatis</i> (? <i>sutatrix</i>) as "a shepster, a
+    seamester." The term may probably be derived from her skill in
+    shaping or cutting out the various garments of which Caxton
+    gives so quaint an inventory. Her vocation was the very same as
+    that of the <i>tailleuse</i> of present times&mdash;the
+    <i>Schneiderinn</i>, she-cutter, of Germany. Palsgrave likewise
+    gives this use of the verb "to shape," expressed in French by
+    "<i>tailler</i>." He says, "He is a good tayloure, and
+    <i>shapeth</i> a garment as well as any man." It is singular
+    that Nares should have overlooked this obsolete term; and Mr.
+    Halliwell, in his useful <i>Glossarial Collections</i>, seems
+    misled by some similarity of sound, having noticed, perhaps, in
+    Palsgrave, only the second occurrence of the word as before
+    cited, "sheres for shepsters." He gives that author as
+    authority for the explanation "shepster, a sheep-shearer"
+    (<i>Dict. of Archaic Words</i>, in v.). It has been shown,
+    however, I believe, to have no more concern with a sheep than a
+    ship.</p>
+
+    <p>The value of your periodical in eliciting the explanation of
+    crabbed archaisms is highly to be commended. Shall I anticipate
+    Mr. Bolton Corney, or some other of your acute glossarial
+    correspondents, if I offer another suggestion, in reply to
+    "C.H." (No. 21. p. 335.), regarding "gourders of raine?" I have
+    never met with the word in this form; but Gouldman gives "a
+    gord of water which cometh by rain, <i>aquilegium</i>." Guort,
+    gorz, or gort, in Domesday, are interpreted by Kelham as "a
+    wear"; and in old French, <i>gort</i> or <i>gorz</i> signifies
+    "<i>flot, gorg&eacute;es, quantit&eacute;</i>" (Roquefort). All
+    these words, as well as the Low Latin <i>gordus</i> (Ducange),
+    are doubtless to be deduced, with <i>gurges, a gyrando</i>.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">ALBERT WAY.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Rococo</i> (No. 20. p. 321.).&mdash;The <i>history</i> of
+    this word appears to be involved in uncertainty. Some French
+    authorities derive it from "<i>rocaille</i>," rock-work,
+    pebbles for a grotto, &amp;c.; others from "<i>Rocco</i>," an
+    architect (whose existence, however, I cannot trace), the
+    author, it is to be supposed,
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page357"
+       id="page357"></a>{357}</span> of the antiquated,
+       unfashionable, and false style which the word "Rococo" is
+       employed to designate. The <i>use</i> of the word is said to
+       have first arisen in France towards the end of the reign of
+       Louis XV. or the beginning of that of Louis XVI., and it is
+       now employed in the above senses, not only in architecture,
+       but in literature, fashion, and the arts generally.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">J.M.</p>
+
+    <p>Oxford, March 18.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Rococo</i>.&mdash;This is one of those cant words, of no
+    very definite, and of merely conventional, meaning, for any
+    thing said or done in ignorance of the true propriety of the
+    matter in question. "<i>C'est du rococo</i>," it is mere stuff,
+    or nonsense, or rather twaddle. It was born on the stage, about
+    ten years ago, at one of the minor theatres at Paris, though
+    probably borrowed from a wine-shop, and most likely will have
+    as brief an existence as our own late "flare-up," and such
+    ephemeral colloquialisms, or rather vulgarisms, that tickle the
+    public fancy for a day, till pushed from their stool by
+    another.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">X.</p>
+
+    <p>March 18. 1850.</p>
+
+    <p><i>God tempers the Wind, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;The French
+    proverb, "A brebis tondue Dieu mesure le vent" (God tempers the
+    wind to the shorn lamb), will be found in Quitard's
+    <i>Dictionnaire &eacute;tymologique, historique et anecdotique,
+    des Proverbes, et des Locutions proverbiales de la Langue
+    fran&ccedil;aise</i>, 8vo. Paris, 1842. Mons. Quitard adds the
+    following explanation of the proverb:&mdash;"Dieu proportionne
+    &agrave; nos forces les afflictions qu'il nous envoie." I have
+    also found this proverb in Fureti&egrave;re's <i>Dictionnaire
+    universal de tous les Mots fran&ccedil;ais</i>, &amp;c. 4 vols.
+    folio, La Haye, 1727.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">J.M.</p>
+
+    <p>Oxford. March 18.</p>
+
+    <p>The proverb, "A brebis pres tondue, Dieu luy mesure le
+    vent," is to be found in Jan. Gruter. <i>Florileg.
+    Ethico-polit. part. alt. proverb. gallic.</i>, p. 353. 8vo.
+    Francof. 1611.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">M.</p>
+
+    <p>Oxford.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Guildhalls</i> (No. 20. p. 320)&mdash;These were
+    anciently the halls, or places of meeting, of Guilds, or
+    communities formed for secular or religious purposes, none of
+    which could be legally set up without the King's licence. Trade
+    companies were founded, and still exist, in various parts of
+    the kingdom, as "Gilda Mercatorum;" and there is little doubt
+    that this was the origin of the municipal or governing
+    corporate bodies in cities and towns whose "Guildhalls" still
+    remain&mdash;"gildated" and "incorporated" were synonymous
+    terms.</p>
+
+    <p>In many places, at one time of considerable importance,
+    where Guilds were established, though the latter have vanished,
+    the name of their Halls has survived.</p>
+
+    <p>Your correspondent "A SUBSCRIBER AB INITIO" is referred to
+    Madox, <i>Firma Burgi</i>, which will afford him much
+    information on the subject.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">T.E.D.</p>
+
+    <p>Exeter.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Treatise of Equivocation</i>.&mdash;In reply to the
+    inquiry of your correspondent "J.M." (No. 17. p. 263.), I beg
+    to state that, as my name was mentioned in connection with the
+    Query, I wrote to the Rev. James Raine, the librarian of the
+    Durham Cathedral Library, inquiring whether <i>The Treatise of
+    Equivocation</i> existed in the Chapter Library. From that
+    gentleman I have received this morning the following
+    reply:&mdash;"I cannot find, in this library, the book referred
+    to in the 'NOTES AND QUERIES,' neither can I discover it in
+    that of Bishop Cosin. The Catalogue of the latter is, however,
+    very defective. The said publication ('NOTES AND QUERIES')
+    promises to be very useful." Although this information is of a
+    purely negative character, yet I thought it right to endeavour
+    to satisfy your correspondent's curiosity.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">BERIAH BOTFIELD.</p>
+
+    <p>Nortan Hall.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Judas Bell</i> (No. 13. p. 195.; No. 15. p.
+    235.).&mdash;The lines here quoted by "C.W.G.," from "a
+    singular Scotch poem," evidently mean to express or examplify
+    discord; and the words "to jingle <i>Judas bells</i>," refer to
+    "bells <i>jangled, out of tune, and harsh</i>."</p>
+
+    <p>The Maltese at Valletta, a people singularly, and, as we
+    should say, morbidly, addicted to the seeming enjoyment of the
+    most horrid discords, on Good Friday Eve, have the custom of
+    <i>jangling</i> the church bells with the utmost violence, in
+    execration of the memory of Judas; and I have seen there a
+    large wooden machine (of which they have many in use),
+    constructed on a principle similar to that of an old-fashioned
+    watchman's rattle, but of far greater power in creating an
+    uproar, intended to be symbolical of the rattling of <i>Judas's
+    bones, that will not rest in his grave</i>. The Maltese, as is
+    well known, are a very superstitious people. The employment of
+    <i>Judas candles</i> would, no doubt, if properly explained,
+    turn out to mean to imply execration against the memory of
+    Judas, wherever they may be used. But in the expression
+    <i>Judas bell</i>, the greatest conceivable amount of
+    <i>discord</i> is that which is intended to be expressed.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">ROBERT SNOW.</p>
+
+    <p>6. Chesterfield street, Mayfair, March 23. 1850.</p>
+
+    <p class="note">[To this we may add, that the question at
+    present pending between this country and Greece, so far as
+    regards the claim of M. Pacifico, appears, from the papers laid
+    before Parliament, to have had its origin in what Sir Edward
+    Lyon states "to have been the custom in Athens for some years,
+    to burn an effigy of Judas on Easter day." And from the account
+    of the origin of the riots by the Council of the Criminal Court
+    of Athens, we learn, that "it is proved by the
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page358"
+       id="page358"></a>{358}</span> investigation, that on March
+       23, 1847, Easter Day, a report was spread in the parish of
+       the Church des incorporels, that the Jew, D. Pacifico, by
+       paying the churchwarden of the church, succeeded in
+       preventing the effigy of Judas from being burnt, which by
+       annual custom was made and burnt in that parish on Easter
+       Day." From another document in the same collection it seems,
+       that the Greek Government, out of respect to M. Charles de
+       Rothschild, who was at Athens in April, 1847, forbid in all
+       the Greek churches of the capital the burning of Judas.]</p>
+
+    <p><i>Grummett</i> (No. 20. p. 319.).&mdash;The following use
+    of the word whose definition is sought by "&Sigma;" occurs in a
+    description of the <i>members</i> or adjuncts of the Cinque
+    Port of Hastings in 1229:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"Servicia inde debita domino regi xxi. naves, et in
+        qualibet nave xxi. homines, cum uno garcione qui dicitur
+        <i>gromet</i>."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>In quoting this passage in a paper "On the Seals of the
+    Cinque Ports," in the <i>Sussex Arch&aelig;ological
+    Collections</i> (Vol. i. p. 16.), I applied the following
+    illustration:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"<i>Gromet</i> seems to be a diminutive of
+        '<i>grome</i>', a serving-man, whence the modern groom. The
+        provincialism <i>grummet</i>, much used in Sussex to
+        designate a clumsy, awkward youth, has doubtless some
+        relation to this cabin-boy of the Ports' navy."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>I ought to add, that the passage above given is to be found
+    in Jeake's <i>Charters of the Cinque Ports</i>.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">MARK ANTONY LOWER.</p>
+
+    <p>Lewes, March 18. 1850.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Grummett</i>.&mdash;Bailey explains, "<i>Gromets</i> or
+    <i>Gromwells</i>, the most servile persons on ship-board,"
+    probably, metaphorically, from "<i>Gromet</i> or
+    <i>Grummet</i>," "small rings," adds Bailey, "fastened with
+    staples on the upper side of the yard." The latter term is
+    still in use; the metaphorical one is, I believe, quite
+    obsolete.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">C.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Meaning of "Grummett," &amp;c</i>.&mdash;The word is
+    derived from the Low Latin "<i>gromettus</i>", the original of
+    our "groom" (see Ducange's, <i>Gromes</i> and <i>Gromus</i>),
+    and answers to the old French <i>gourm&egrave;te</i>, i.e.
+    <i>gar&ccedil;on</i>. In old books he is sometimes called a
+    "novice" or "page," and may be compared with the "apprentice"
+    of our marine. He was employed in waiting on the sailors,
+    cooking their victuals, working the pumps, scouring the decks,
+    and, in short, was expected to lend a hand wherever he was
+    wanted, except taking the helm (Clairac, <i>Commentaire du
+    premier Article des Rooles d'Ol&eacute;ron</i>); and,
+    consequently, is always distinguished from, and rated below,
+    the mariner or able-bodied seaman.</p>
+
+    <p>The information here given is taken from Jal,
+    <i>Arch&eacute;ologie navale</i>, vol. ii. p. 238.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">A. RICH, Jun.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>MISCELLANIES.</h3>
+
+    <p><i>The Duke of Monmouth</i>.&mdash;I made the following note
+    many years ago, and am now reminded of its existence by your
+    admirable periodical, which must rouse many an idler besides
+    myself to a rummage amongst long-neglected old papers. This
+    small piece of tradition indicates that the adventurous but
+    ill-advised duke was a man of unusual muscular power and
+    activity.</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"On the 8th of July, 1685, the Duke of Monmouth was
+        brought a prisoner to Ringwood, and halted at an inn there.
+        My mother, who was a native of Ringwood, used to relate
+        that her grandmother was one of the spectators when the
+        royal prisoner came out to take horse; and that the old
+        lady never failed to recount, how he rejected any
+        assistance in mounting, though his arms were pinioned; but
+        placing his foot in the stirrup, sprang lightly into his
+        saddle, to the admiration of all observers."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p class="author">ELIJAH WARING.</p>
+
+    <p>Dowry Parade, Clifton Hotwells, March 21. 1850.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>TO PHILAUTUS.</h3>
+
+    <h4>(<i>From the Latin of Buchanan</i>.)</h4>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Narcissus loved himself we know,</p>
+
+            <p>And you, perhaps, have cause to show</p>
+
+            <p class="i4">Why you should do the same;</p>
+
+            <p>But he was wrong: and, if I may,</p>
+
+            <p>Philautus, I will freely say,</p>
+
+            <p class="i4">I think you more to blame.</p>
+
+            <p>He loved what others loved; while you</p>
+
+            <p>Admire what other folks eschew.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">RUFUS.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p><i>Junius</i>.&mdash;Nobody can read, without being struck
+    with the propriety of it, that beautiful passage in the 8th
+    letter&mdash;"Examine your own breast, Sir William, &amp;c.
+    &amp;c. &amp;c." A parallel passage may however be found in
+    <i>Bevill Higgons's Short View of English History</i> (temp.
+    Hen. VI.), a work written before 1700, and not published till
+    thirty-four years afterwards:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"So weak and fallible is that admired maxim, 'Factum
+        valet, quot fieri non debuit,' an excuse first invented to
+        palliate the unfledged villainy of some men, <i>who are
+        ashamed to be knaves, yet have not the courage to be
+        honest</i>."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>I have not quoted the whole of the passage from
+    <i>Junius</i>, as I consider it to be in almost every body's
+    hands. I am collecting some curious, and I hope valuable,
+    information about that work.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">B.G.</p>
+
+    <p><i>Arabic Numerals</i>.&mdash;Your correspondent T.S.D.'s
+    account of a supposed date upon the Church of St. Brelade,
+    Jersey, brings to my mind a circumstance that once occurred to
+    myself, which may, perhaps, be amusing to date-hunters. Some
+    years ago I visited a farm-house in the north of England, whose
+    owner had a taste for collecting curiosities of all sorts. Not
+    the least valuable of his collection was a splendidly carved
+    oak bedstead, which he considered of great antiquity. Its date,
+    plainly marked upon the panels at the bottom of the front
+    posts, was, he told me, 1111. On
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page359"
+       id="page359"></a>{359}</span> examining this astounding date
+       a little closely, I soon perceived that the two middle
+       strokes had a slight curvature, a tendency to approach the
+       shape of an S, which distinguished them from the two
+       exterior lines. The date was, in fact, 1551; yet so small
+       was the difference of the figures, that the mistake was
+       really a pardonable one.</p>
+
+    <p>Is your correspondent "E.V." acquainted with the <i>History
+    of Castle Acre Priory</i>, published some years ago? If my
+    memory fails me not, there is a date given in that work, as
+    found inscribed on the plaster of the Priory wall, much more
+    ancient than 1445.</p>
+
+    <p>Has the derivation of the first four Arabic numerals, and
+    probably of the ninth, from the ancient Egyptian hieratic and
+    enchorial characters, for the ordinals corresponding with those
+    numbers, ever been noticed by writers upon the history of
+    arithmetical notation? The correspondence will be obvious to
+    any one who refers to the table given in the 4th vol. of Sir G.
+    Wilkinson's <i>Ancient Egyptians</i> (3rd edit.), p. 198.</p>
+
+    <p class="author">C.W.G.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3>
+
+    <h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4>
+
+    <h4>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</h4>
+
+    <p>McCULLOCH'S ISLES OF SCOTLAND, 4 vols. 8vo. 1824.</p>
+
+    <p>ARNOT'S ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS.</p>
+
+    <p>LADY MARY FOX&mdash;IDEA OF A COUNTRY HOUSE.</p>
+
+    <h4><i>Odd Volumes.</i></h4>
+
+    <p>MAD. DE STAEL&mdash;CONSIDERATIONS ON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION,
+    in 3 vols. Vol. II.</p>
+
+    <p>WORDSWORTH'S POETICAL WORKS, in 4 vols. Vol II.</p>
+
+    <p>JAMES' NAVAL HISTORY, in 4 vols. Vols. II. and III.</p>
+
+    <p>YOUNG'S ANNALS OF AGRICULTURE, Fortieth and Five remaining
+    volumes.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3>
+
+    <p>We are compelled to omit our usual <i>Notes on Books</i>,
+    &amp;c., as well as many interesting communications.</p>
+
+    <p>NOTES AND QUERIES may be procured by the Trade at noon on
+    Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no
+    difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country
+    Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement,
+    which enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday
+    parcels.</p>
+
+    <p>T.I. (Lincoln's Inn.) We fear there are mechanical
+    difficulties (besides others) to prevent our adopting the
+    suggestion of our Correspondent.</p>
+    <hr class="adverts" />
+
+    <h3>LONDON LIBRARY, 12. ST. JAMES'S SQUARE.</h3>
+
+    <h4>PATRON&mdash;His Royal Highness PRINCE ALBERT.</h4>
+
+    <p>This institution, originating in the want, so long felt, of
+    a large and comprehensive Lending Library in the Metropolis, to
+    which Subscribers might resort for books of a superior class to
+    those supplied by the Circulating Libraries, now offers to its
+    members a collection of upwards of FIFTY THOUSAND volumes, to
+    which additions are constantly making, including almost every
+    new work of interest and importance, either in English or
+    Foreign Literature. Price of the large Catalogue already
+    published, 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+    <p>Terms of Admission:&mdash;Entrance Free, 6<i>l.</i>; Annual
+    Subscription, 2<i>l.</i>; or Entrance Fee and Life
+    Subscription, 26<i>l.</i></p>
+
+    <p>The Library is open every day except Sunday, from eleven to
+    six o'clock.</p>
+
+    <p>By order of the Committee,</p>
+
+    <p class="author">J.G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.</p>
+
+    <p>March 9th, 1850.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,</h3>
+
+    <h4>No. CLXXII. is Published THIS DAY.</h4>
+
+    <p>CONTENTS:</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS.</p>
+
+            <p>II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG.</p>
+
+            <p>III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON.</p>
+
+            <p>IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.</p>
+
+            <p>V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES.</p>
+
+            <p>VI. FACTS IN FIGURES.</p>
+
+            <p>VII. THE DUTIFUL SON.</p>
+
+            <p>VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON.</p>
+
+            <p>IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE.</p>
+
+            <p>X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON.</p>
+
+            <p>XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">JOHN MURRAY, Albermarle Street.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>ARCH&AElig;OLOGIA CAMBRENSIS, a RECORD of the ANTIQUITIES of
+    WALES and its MARCHES, and the Journal of "THE CAMBRIAN
+    ARCH&AElig;OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION," published Quarterly. Price
+    2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> No. 11. New Series, will be published on
+    the 1st. of April, containing Papers by J.O. Westwood, Rev. J.
+    Williams, W.W. Ffoulkes, E.A. Freeman (Architecture of Llandaff
+    Cathedral), &amp;c., &amp;c., with Illustrations by Jewitt.</p>
+
+    <p>Also, now completed, price 11<i>s.</i> cloth lettered, Vol.
+    IV., First Series, for 1849. Vols. II. and III. may still be
+    had, price 11<i>s.</i> each, with numerous Illustrations on
+    copper and wood.</p>
+
+    <p>On the 15th of April will be published, reprinted from the
+    ARCH&AElig;OLOGIA CAMBRENSIS,</p>
+
+    <p>NOTES on the Architectural Antiquities of the District of
+    Gower, in Glamorganshire. With Illustrations on Copper. By E.A.
+    FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, Author
+    of the "History of Architecture," price 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+    <p>OBSERVATIONS on the Stone of St. Cadfan, at Towyn. With an
+    Illustration. By J.O. WESTWOOD, Esq., F.S.A., F.L.S., and the
+    Rev. J. WILLIAMS, (ab Ithel), price 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+    <p>DRUIDIC STONES. By the Rev. J. WILLIAMS. Price
+    1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+    <p>The Subscription to the Cambrian Arch&aelig;ological
+    Association is 1<i>l.</i> annually, for which Members will have
+    forwarded to them the Journal as published, quarterly, and in
+    addition, an Annual Volume of important antiquarian matter, and
+    a Ticket of Admission to the General Meeting.</p>
+
+    <p>London: W. PICKERING. Tenby: R. MASON.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>THE ATTENTION of Readers of the NOTES AND QUERIES is
+    respectfully called to Part II. for 1850 of JOHN RUSSELL
+    SMITH'S CATALOGUE of BOOKS, containing 1250 articles, of an old
+    and curious kind, marked at very low prices. It may be had
+    <i>gratis</i> on application, or sent by post on receipt of two
+    postage labels to frank it. Part III. will be published April
+    13th, and will contain entirely Old Books and Autographs.</p>
+
+    <p>4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>Published every Saturday, price 3<i>d.</i>, or stamped,
+    4<i>d.</i>, also in Monthly Parts. Part V. (for March), price
+    1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, now ready.</p>
+
+    <p>NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for
+    Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &amp;c.</p>
+
+    <p>The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly
+    requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It
+    contains communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and
+    is circulated largely amongst the best class of
+    book-buyers.</p>
+
+    <p>In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in
+    its columns, it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers'
+    Catalogues, and Lists of Books wanted to
+    purchase,&mdash;features which it is believed will be found
+    valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to
+    Purchasers.</p>
+
+    <h4>SCALE OF PRICES.</h4>
+
+    <table summary="Prices"
+           align="center">
+        <tr>
+            <td></td>
+
+            <td align="right">&pound;</td>
+
+            <td align="right"><i>s.</i></td>
+
+            <td align="right"><i>d.</i></td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Six lines and under</td>
+
+            <td align="right">0</td>
+
+            <td align="right">5</td>
+
+            <td align="right">0</td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Above six lines, per line</td>
+
+            <td align="right">0</td>
+
+            <td align="right">0</td>
+
+            <td align="right">6</td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Half a column</td>
+
+            <td align="right">0</td>
+
+            <td align="right">16</td>
+
+            <td align="right">0</td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Column</td>
+
+            <td align="right">1</td>
+
+            <td align="right">10</td>
+
+            <td align="right">0</td>
+        </tr>
+
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left">Page</td>
+
+            <td align="right">2</td>
+
+            <td align="right">10</td>
+
+            <td align="right">0</td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+
+    <p>*** Advertisements much be sent by the WEDNESDAY previous to
+    the SATURDAY on which they are intended to appear: NOTES AND
+    QUERIES being issued to the Trade on FRIDAY afternoon.</p>
+
+    <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+    <hr />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page360"
+       id="page360"></a>{360}</span>
+
+    <h3>NEW WORKS</h3>
+
+    <h4>To be published in APRIL and MAY.</h4>
+
+    <p>I. Col. W. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY of the LANGUAGE and
+    LITERATURE of ANCIENT GREECE. 3 Vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>II. The Rev. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY of ROME under the EMPIRE.
+    Vols. I. and II. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>III. MODERN STATE TRIALS REVISED and ILLUSTRATED. By W.C.
+    TOWNSEND, Esq. M.A. Q.C. 2 vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>IV. Mr. S. LAING'S OBSERVATIONS on the SOCIAL and POLITICAL
+    STATE of the EUROPEAN PEOPLE in 1848 and 1849. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>V. ESSAYS SELECTED from CONTRIBUTIONS to the EDINBURGH
+    REVIEW. By HENRY ROGERS. 2 vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>VI. JAMES MONTGOMERY'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One
+    Volume, with Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>VII. ALETHEIA; or, the Doom of Mythology: with other poems.
+    By WILLIAM C.M. KENT. 16mo.</p>
+
+    <p>VIII. The STATISTICAL COMPANION for 1850. By T.C. BANFIELD
+    and C.R. WELD. Fcap. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>IX. Mr. A.K. JOHNSTON'S NEW GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY: forming
+    a complete General Gazetteer. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>X. LOUDON'S ENCYCLOP&AElig;DIA of GARDENING. New Edition
+    (1850). Corrected, &amp;c. by Mrs. LOUDON. 8vo. with 1,000
+    Woodcuts. *** Also in 10 Monthly Parts, 5<i>s.</i> each, from
+    May 1.</p>
+
+    <p>XI. LOUDON'S HORTUS BRITANNICUS. New Edition (1850).
+    Corrected, &amp;c. by Mrs. LOUDON and W.H. BAXTER. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>XII. Sir W.J. HOOKER'S BRITISH FLORA. New Edit. (1850).
+    Corrected by the Author and Dr. WALKER-ARNOTT. Fcap. 8vo.
+    Plates.</p>
+
+    <p>XIII. HEALTH, DISEASE, and REMEDY FAMILIARLY and PRACTICALLY
+    CONSIDERED in RELATION to the BLOOD. By Dr. G. MOORE. Post
+    8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>XIV. The ACTS of the APOSTLES: with Commentary, and
+    Practical and Devotional Suggestions. By the Rev. F.C. Cook,
+    M.A. Post 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>XV. The DOMESTIC LITURGY. By the Rev. THOMAS DALE, M.A. New
+    Edition, separated from 'The Family Chaplain.' 4to. 10<i>s.</i>
+    6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+    <p>XVI. The FAMILY CHAPLAIN. By the Rev. THOMAS DALE, M.A. New
+    Edition, separated from 'The Domestic Liturgy.' 4to.
+    12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+    <p>XVII. The EARL'S DAUGHTER. By the Author of 'Amy Herbert,'
+    'Lancton Parsonage,' &amp;c. Fcap. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>XVIII. PRACTICAL HORSEMANSHIP. By HARRY HIEOVER. With two
+    plates&mdash;'Going like Workmen,' and 'Going like Muffs.'
+    Fcap. 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+    <p>XIX. Mr. THOMAS TATE'S EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY: or, Familiar
+    Introduction to the Science of Agriculture. Fcap. 8vo. with
+    Woodcuts.</p>
+
+    <p>XX. Dr. COPLAND on the CAUSES, NATURE, and TREATMENT of
+    PALSY and APOPLEXY. Post 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>XXI. Sir B.C. BRODIE'S PATHOLOGICAL and SURGICAL
+    OBSERVATIONS on DISEASES of the JOINTS. New Edition. 8vo.</p>
+
+    <p>XXII. Dr. REECE'S MEDICAL GUIDE. New Edition (1850),
+    thoroughly revised, corrected, and improved. 8vo. London:
+    LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>On the 1st of MAY next will be published,</p>
+
+    <p>HISTORIC RELIQUES; a Series of Representations of ARMS,
+    JEWELLERY, GOLD and SILVER PLATE, FURNITURE, ARMOUR, &amp;c. in
+    Royal and Noble Collections, Colleges, and Public Institutions,
+    &amp;c., and which formerly belonged to Individuals Eminent in
+    History, drawn from the originals and etched by JOSEPH LIONEL
+    WILLIAMS.</p>
+
+    <p>Relics of antiquity, in themselves most interesting and
+    instructive, become doubly so when they have belonged to
+    individuals whose deeds are chronicled in history. Who is
+    there, "to dell forgetfulness a prey," who does not look with
+    intense interest on objects connected with the "mighty victor,
+    mighty lord," Edward the Third, the Black Prince, Henry VIII.,
+    the imperious Elizabeth, the ill-fated Mary of Scotland, or the
+    unhappy Charles I.? Not only of kings, but of their favourites,
+    and of the illustrious men who have shed lustre on the various
+    epochs of history, are the relics most instructive and
+    important.</p>
+
+    <p>The aim of the present publication is to illustrate, by a
+    series of original Drawings, the various relics which have
+    historical interest, such as Armour, Dresses, Jewellery, Gold
+    and Silver Plate, Furniture, &amp;c. formerly belonging to
+    persons celebrated in history, and which are still treasured up
+    in her Majesty's collections, in the museums of the nobility
+    and gentry, in colleges, halls, and public museums, &amp;c.</p>
+
+    <p>Some few of the relics of the past, having historical
+    associations connected with them, have been represented in
+    arch&aelig;ological works; but it is necessary to search
+    through many volumes to find even a limited number of them, and
+    the present work would embrace a great variety hitherto
+    unrepresented; at the same time, its peculiar feature, that
+    every subject would be Historical, renders it a book of great
+    novelty and importance. To the Historian and Antiquary the
+    proposed series of Illustrations recommends itself by its
+    character and importance; to the lover of ancient Art, for the
+    beauty of most of the objects represented; and its claims on
+    the general reader are the connexion of the Relics with the
+    dead whose actions are the theme of history and romance. To the
+    Artist these Illustrations will be of essential importance; and
+    to the Manufacturer of scarcely less value, as the Relics
+    themselves are, in most cases, either of exquisite beauty of
+    form or striking and characteristic style, and by furnishing
+    data, will enable him to carry out designs in the style
+    peculiar to all periods.</p>
+
+    <p>It is proposed to publish the Work in Monthly Parts,
+    containing three Etchings drawn with the most scrupulous
+    fidelity, and illustrative Vignettes beautifully engraved on
+    Wood. The plates will be coloured, and the size of the Work be
+    imperial 8vo.; a limited number in imperial 4to.; the subjects
+    fully coloured, and the initial letters also.</p>
+
+    <p>The Editor will be greatly obliged by communications
+    respecting Relics of Historic Interest being forwarded to 198.
+    Strand.</p>
+
+    <p>Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each Part; to be completed in
+    Ten Parts. Office, 198. Strand.</p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+    <p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square,
+    at No. 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the
+    City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet
+    Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City
+    of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+    aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, March 30. 1850.</p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes &amp; Queries, No. 22., Saturday,
+March 30, 1850, by Various
+
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diff --git a/old/12198.txt b/old/12198.txt
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday, March
+30, 1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday, March 30, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: April 29, 2004 [EBook #12198]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 22 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jon Ingram, Internet Library of Early Journals, William
+Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,
+ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+
+
+NO. 22., SATURDAY, MARCH 30. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped
+Edition, 4d.]
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:-- Pages
+  The Taming of the Shrew, by Samuel Hickson
+  Proverbial Sayings and their Origins
+  William Basse and his Poems
+  Folk Lore:--Something else about Salting. Norfolk Weather Proverb,
+    Irish Medical Charms. Death-bed Superstitions
+  Note on Herodotus by Dean Swift
+  Herrick's Hesperides, by J.M. Gutch
+
+QUERIES:--
+  Rev. Dr. Thomlinson 350
+  Minor Queries:--"A" or "An"--The Lucky have whole Days--Line quoted
+    by De Quincey--Bishop Jewel's Papers--Allusion in Friar Brackley's
+    Sermon--Quem Deus Vult perdere--Snow of Chicksand Priory--The
+    Bristol Riots--A living Dog better than a dead Lion--American
+    Bittern--Inquisition in Mexico--Masters of St. Cross--Etymology of
+    "Dalston"--"Brown Study"--Coal-Brandy--Swot
+
+REPLIES:--
+  The Dodo, by S.W. Singer
+  Watching the Sepulchre, by Rev. Dr. Rock, and E.V.
+  Poem by Sir E. Dyer
+  Robert Crowley, by Rev. Dr. Maitland
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--John Ross Mackay--Shipster--Gourders--
+    Rococo--God tempers the Wind--Guildhalls--Treatise of Equivocation--
+    Judas Bell--Grummet
+
+MISCELLANIES:--
+  Duke of Monmouth--To Philautus--Junius--Arabic Numerals
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted
+  Notices to Correspondents
+  Advertisements
+
+
+
+
+THE TAMING OF THE SHREW.
+
+In two former communications on a subject incidental to that to which
+I now beg leave to call your attention, I hinted at a result far more
+important than the discovery of the author of the _Taming of a Shrew_.
+That result I lay before your readers, in stating that I think I can
+show grounds for the assertion that the _Taming of the Shrew_, by
+Shakspeare, is the _original_ play; and that the _Taming of a Shrew_,
+by Marlowe or what other writer soever, is a _later_ work, and an
+_imitation_. I must first, however, state, that having seen Mr. Dyce's
+edition of Marlowe, I find that this writer's claim to the latter
+work had already been advanced by an American gentleman, in a work so
+obvious for reference as Knight's _Library Edition of Shakspeare_. I
+was pretty well acquainted with the contents of Mr. Knight's _first_
+edition; and knowing that the subsequent work of Mr. Collier contained
+nothing bearing upon the point, I did not think of referring to an
+edition published, as I understood, rather for the variation of form
+than on account of the accumulation of new matter. Mr. Dyce appears to
+consider the passages cited as instances of imitation, and not proofs
+of the identity of the writer. His opinion is certainly entitled to
+great respect: yet it may, nevertheless, be remarked, first that the
+instance given, supposing Marlowe not to be the author, would be cases
+of theft rather than imitation, and which, done on so large a scale,
+would scarcely be confined to the works of one writer; and, secondly,
+that in original passages there are instances of an independence and
+vigour of thought equal to the best things that Marlowe ever wrote--a
+circumstance not to be reconciled with the former supposition. The
+following passage exhibits a freedom of thought more characteristic of
+this writer's reputation than are most of his known works:--
+
+  "And custom-free, you marchants shall commerce
+  And interchange the profits of your land,
+  Sending you gold for brasse, silver for lead,
+  Casses of silke for packes of wol and cloth,
+  To bind this friendship and confirme this league."
+
+  _Six Old Plays_, p. 204.
+
+A short account of the process by which I came to a conclusion which,
+if established, must overthrow so many ingenious theories, will not,
+I trust, be uninteresting to your readers. In the relationship between
+these two plays there always seemed to be something which needed
+explanation. It was the only instance among the works of Shakspeare in
+which a direct copy, even to matters of detail, appeared to have been
+made; and, in spite of all attempts to gloss over and palliate, it
+was impossible to deny that an unblushing act of mere piracy seemed
+to have been committed, of which I never could bring myself to believe
+that Shakspeare had been guilty. The readiness to impute this act to
+him was to me but an instance of the unworthy manner in which he had
+almost universally been treated; and, without at the time having any
+suspicion of what I now take to be the fact, {346} I determined, if
+possible, to find it out. The first question I put to myself was, Had
+Shakspeare himself any concern in the older play? A second glance
+at the work sufficed for an answer in the negative. I next asked
+myself on what authority we called it an "older" play. The answer I
+found myself obliged to give was, greatly to my own surprise, On no
+authority whatever! But there was still a difficulty in conceiving
+how, with Shakspeare's work before him, so unscrupulous an imitator
+should have made so poor an imitation. I should not have felt this
+difficulty had I then recollected that the play in question was not
+published; but, as the case stood, I carefully examined the two plays
+together, especially those passages which were identical, or nearly
+so, in both, and noted, in these cases, the minutest variations. The
+result was, that I satisfied myself that the original conception was
+invariably to be found in Shakspeare's play. I have confirmed this
+result in a variety of ways, which your space will not allow me to
+enter upon; therefore, reserving such circumstances for the present
+as require to be enforced by argument, I will content myself with
+pointing out certain passages that bear out my view. I must first,
+however, remind your readers that while some plays, from their
+worthlessness, were never printed, some were withheld from the press
+on account of their very value; and of this latter class were the
+works of Shakspeare. The late publication of his works created the
+impression, not yet quite worn out, of his being a later writer than
+many of his contemporaries, solely because their printed works are
+dated earlier by twenty or thirty years. But for the obstinate effects
+of this impression, it is difficult to conceive how any one could miss
+the original invention of Shakspeare in the induction, and such scenes
+as that between Grumio and the tailor; the humour of which shines,
+even in the feeble reflection of the imitation, in striking contrast
+with those comic(?) scenes which are the undisputed invention of the
+author of the _Taming of a Shrew_.
+
+The first passage I take is from Act IV. Sc. 3.
+
+    "_Grumio_. Thou hast fac'd many _things_?
+
+    "_Tailor_. I have.
+
+    "_Gru._ Face not me: thou hast brav'd many men; brave not me.
+    I will neither be fac'd nor brav'd."
+
+In this passage there is a play upon the terms "fac'd" and "brav'd."
+In the tailor's sense, "things" may be "fac'd" and "men" may be
+"brav'd;" and, by means of this play, the tailor is entrapped into an
+answer. The imitator, having probably seen the play represented, has
+carried away the words, but by transposing them, and with the change
+of one expression--"men" for "things"--has lost the spirit: there is
+a pun no longer. He might have played upon "brav'd," but there he
+does not wait for the tailor's answer; and "fac'd," as he has it, can
+be understood but in one sense, and the tailor's admission becomes
+meaningless. The passage is as follows:--
+
+    "_Saudre_. Dost thou hear, tailor? thou hast brav'd many men;
+    brave not me. Th'ast fac'd many men.
+
+    "_Tailor_. Well, Sir?
+
+    "_Saudre_. Face not me; I'll neither be fac'd nor brav'd at
+    thy hands, I can tell thee."--p. 198.
+
+A little before, in the same scene, Grumio says, "Master, if ever I
+said loose-bodied gown, sew me in the skirts of it, and beat me to
+death with a bottom of brown thread." I am almost tempted to ask if
+passages such as this be not evidence sufficient. In the _Taming of
+a Shrew_, with the variation of "sew me in a _seam_" for "sew me in
+_the skirts of it_," the passage is also to be found; but who can
+doubt the whole of this scene to be by Shakspeare, rather than by the
+author of such scenes, intended to be comic, as one referred to in my
+last communication (No. 15. p. 227., numbered 7.), and shown to be
+identical with one in _Doctor Faustus_? I will just remark, too, that
+the best appreciation of the spirit of the passage, which, one would
+think, should point out the author, is shown in the expression, "sew
+me in the _skirts of it_," which has meaning, whereas the variation
+has none. A little earlier, still in the same scene, the following bit
+of dialogue occurs:--
+
+  "_Kath._ I'll have no bigger; this doth fit the time,
+  And gentlewomen wear such caps as these.
+
+  "_Pet._ When you are gentle, you shall have one too,
+  and not till then."
+
+Katharine's use of the term "gentlewomen" suggests here Petruchio's
+"gentle." In the other play the reply is evidently imitated, but with
+the absence of the suggestive cue:--
+
+  "For I will home again unto my father's house.
+
+  "_Ferando_. I, when y'are meeke and gentle, but not before."--p. 194.
+
+Petruchio, having dispatched the tailor and haberbasher, proceeds--
+
+  "Well, come my Kate: we will unto your father's,
+  Even in these honest mean habiliments;
+  Our purses shall be proud, our garments poor;"--p. 198.
+
+throughout continuing to urge the vanity of outward appearance, in
+reference to the "ruffs and cuffs, and farthingales and things,"
+which he had promised her, and with which the phrase "honest mean
+habiliments" is used in contrast. The sufficiency _to the mind_ of
+these,
+
+  "For 'tis the mind that makes the body rich,"
+
+is the very pith and purpose of the speech. Commencing in nearly the
+same words, the imitator entirely mistakes this, in stating the object
+of clothing to be to "shrowd us from the winter's rage;" which is,
+nevertheless, true enough, though completely beside the purpose. In
+Act II. Sc. 1., Petruchio says,-- {347}
+
+  "Say that she frown; I'll say she looks as clear
+  As morning roses newly wash'd with dew."
+
+Here is perfect consistency: the clearness of the "morning _roses_,"
+arising from their being "wash'd with dew;" at all events, the quality
+being heightened by the circumstance. In a passage of the so-called
+"older" play, the duke is addressed by Kate as "fair, lovely lady,"
+&c.
+
+  "As glorious as the morning wash'd with dew."--p. 203
+
+As the morning does not derive its glory from the circumstance of
+its being "wash'd with dew," and as it is not a peculiarly apposite
+comparison, I conclude that here, too, as in other instances, the
+sound alone has caught the ear of the imitator.
+
+In Act V. Sc. 2., Katharine says,--
+
+  "Then vail your stomachs; for it is no boot;
+  And place your hand below your husband's foot;
+  In token of which duty, if he please,
+  My hand is ready: may it do him ease."
+
+Though Shakspeare was, in general, a most correct and careful writer,
+that he sometimes wrote hastily it would be vain to deny. In the third
+line of the foregoing extract, the meaning clearly is, "as which
+token of duty;" and it is the performance of this "token of duty"
+which Katharine hopes may "do him ease." The imitator, as usual, has
+caught something of the words of the original which he has laboured
+to reproduce at a most unusual sacrifice of grammar and sense; the
+following passage appearing to represent that the wives, by laying
+their hands under their husbands' feet--no reference being made to
+the act as a token of duty--in some unexplained manner, "might procure
+them ease."
+
+  "Laying our hands under their feet to tread,
+  If that by that we might procure their ease,
+  And, for a precedent, I'll first begin
+  And lay my hand under my husband's feet."--p. 213.
+
+One more instance, and I have done. Shakspeare has imparted a
+dashing humorous character to this play, exemplified, among other
+peculiarities, by such rhyming of following words as--
+
+  "Haply to _wive_ and _thrive_ as least I may."
+
+  "We will have _rings_ and _things_ and fine array."
+
+  "With _ruffs_, and _cuffs_, and farthingales and things."
+
+I quote these to show that the habit was Shakspeare's. In Act I. Sc.
+1. occurs the passage--"that would thoroughly woo her, wed her, and
+bed her, and rid the house of her." The sequence here is perfectly
+natural: but observe the change: in Ferando's first interview with
+Kate, he says,--
+
+  "My mind, sweet Kate, doth say I am the man
+  Must wed and bed _and marrie_ bonnie Kate."--p. 172.
+
+In the last scene, Petruchio says,--
+
+  "Come, Kate, we'll to bed:
+  We three are married, but you two are sped."
+
+Ferando has it thus:--
+
+  "'Tis Kate and I am wed, and you are sped:
+  And so, farewell, for we will to our bed."--p. 214.
+
+Is it not evident that Shakespeare chose the word "sped" as a rhyme to
+"bed," and that the imitator, in endeavouring to recollect the jingle,
+has not only spoiled the rhyme, but missed the fact that all "three"
+were "married," notwithstanding that "two" were "sped"?
+
+It is not in the nature of such things that instances should be
+either numerous or very glaring; but it will be perceived that in all
+of the foregoing, the purpose, and sometimes even the meaning, is
+intelligible only in the form in which we find it in Shakespeare. I
+have not urged all that I might, even in this branch of the question;
+but respect for your space makes me pause. In conclusion, I will
+merely state, that I have no doubt myself of the author of the _Taming
+of a Shrew_ having been Marlowe; and that, if in some scenes it appear
+to fall short of what we might have expected from such a writer,
+such inferiority arises from the fact of its being an imitation, and
+probably required at a short notice. At the same time, though I do
+not believe Shakspeare's play to contain a line of any other writer,
+I think it extremely probable that we have it only in a revised form,
+and that, consequently, the play which Marlow imitated might not
+necessarily have been that fund of life and humour that we find it
+now.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+St. John's Wood, March 19. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PROVERBIAL SAYINGS AND THEIR ORIGINS--PLAGIARISMS AND PARALLEL
+PASSAGES.
+
+  "[Greek: 'On oi Theoi philousin apothnaeskei neos]."
+
+Brunck, _Poetae Gnomici_, p. 231., quoted by Gibbon, _Decl. and Fall_
+(Milman. Lond. 1838. 8vo.), xii. 355. (_note_ 65.)
+
+  "Quem Jupiter vult perdere, prius dementat."
+
+These words are Barnes's translation of the following fragment of
+Euripides, which is the 25th in Barnes' ed. (see _Gent.'s Mag._, July,
+1847, p. 19, _note_):--
+
+  "[Greek: 'Otan de Daimon andri porsynae kaka,
+  Ton noun exlapse proton]."
+
+This, or a similar passage, may have been employed proverbially in
+the time of Sophocles. See l. 632. et seq. of the _Antigone_ (ed.
+Johnson. Londini. 1758. 8vo.); on which passage there is the following
+scholium:--
+
+  "[Greek: Meta sophias gar upo tinos aoidimou kleinon epos pephantai,
+    'Otan d' o daimon andri porsynae kaka,
+    Ton noun exlapse proton o bouleuetai.]" {348}
+
+Respecting the lines referred to in the Chorus, Dr. Donaldson makes
+the following remarks, in his critical edition of the _Antigone_,
+published in 1848:--
+
+    "The parallel passages for this adage are fully given by
+    Ruhnken on Velleius Paterculus, ii. 57. (265, 256.), and by
+    Wyttenbach on Plutarch, _De Audiendis Poetis_, p. 17. B. (pp.
+    190, 191.)"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Music hath charms to soothe a savage breast,
+  To soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak."
+
+Congreve's _Mourning Bride_, act i. sc. i. l. 1.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "L'appetit vient en mangeant."
+
+Rabelais, _Gargantua_, Liv. i. chap. 5. (vol. i. p. 136, ed. Variorum.
+Paris, 1823. 8vo.)
+
+This proverb had been previously used by Amyot, and probably also
+by Jerome le (or de) Hangest, who was a Doctor of the Sorbonne, and
+adversary of Luther, and who died in 1538.--Ibid. p. 136 (_note_ 49.).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I know not how old may be "to put the cart before the horse." Rabelais
+(i. 227.) has--
+
+  "Il mettoyt la charrette devant les beufz."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "If the sky falls, we shall catch larks."
+
+Rabelais (i. 229, 230.):--
+
+  "Si les nues tomboyent, esperoyt prendre alouettes."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Good nature and good sense must ever join;
+  To err is human, to forgive divine."
+
+Pope's _Essay on Criticism_, pp. 524, 525.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Nay, fly to altars, there they'll talk you dead;
+  For fools rush in where angels fear to tread."
+
+Ib. pp. 624, 625.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Emperor Alexander of Russia is said to have declared himself
+"un accident heureux." The expression occurs in Mad. de Stael's
+_Allemagne_, Sec. xvi.:--
+
+    "Mais quand dans un etat social le bonbeur lui-meme n'est,
+    pour ainsi dire, _qu'un accident heureux_ ... le patriotisme a
+    peu de perseverance."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Gibbon, _Decl. and Fall_ (Lond. 1838. 8vo.), i. 134.:--
+
+    "His (T. Antoninus Pius') reign is marked by the rare
+    advantage of furnishing very few materials for history;
+    which is indeed little more than the register of the crimes,
+    follies, and misfortunes of mankind."
+
+Gibbon's first volume was published in 1776, and Voltaire's _Ingenii_
+in 1767. In the latter we find--
+
+  "En effet, l'historie n'est que le tableau des crimes
+  et des malheurs."--_Oeuvres de Voltaire_ (ed. Beuchot.
+  Paris, 1884. 8vo.), tom. xxxiii. p. 427.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Gibbon, vol. ix. p. 94.:--
+
+    "In every deed of mischief, he (Andronicus Comnenus) had a
+    heart to resolve, a head to contrive, and a hand to execute."
+
+Cf. Voltaire, "Siecle de Louis XV." (_Oeuvres_, xxi. p. 67.):--
+
+    "Il (le Chevalier de Belle-Isle) etait capable de tout
+    imaginer, de tout arranger, et de tout faire."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Guerre aux chateaux, paix a la chaumiere,"
+
+ascribed to Condorcet, in _Edin. Rev._ April, 1800. p. 240. (_note_*)
+
+By Thiers (_Hist. de la Rev. Franc._ Par. 1846. 8vo. ii. 283.), these
+words are attributed to Cambon; while, in Lamartine's _Hist. des
+Girondins_ (Par. 1847. 8vo.), Merlin is represented to have exclaimed
+in the Assembly, "Declarez la guerre aux rois et la paix aux nations."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Macaulay's _Hist. of England_ (1st ed.), ii. 476:--
+
+    "But the iron stoicism of William never gave way: and he
+    stood among his weeping friends calm and austere, as if he
+    had been about to leave them only for a short visit to his
+    hunting-grounds at Loo."
+
+  "... non aliter tamen
+    Dimovit obstantes propinquos,
+      Et populum reditus morantem,
+  Quam si clientum longa negotia
+  Dijudicata lite relinqueret,
+    Tendens Venafranos in agros,
+      Aut Lacedaemonium Tarentum."
+
+Hor. _Od._ iii. v. 50-56.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "De meretrice puta quod sit sua filia puta,
+    Nam sequitur leviter filia matris iter."
+
+These lines are said by Menage (_Menagiana_, Amstm. 1713. 18mo., iii.
+12mo.) to exist in a Commentary "In composita verborum Joannis de
+Galandia."
+
+F.C.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM BASSE AND HIS POEMS.
+
+Your correspondent, the Rev. T. Corser, in his note on William Basse,
+says, that he has been informed that there are, in Winchester College
+Library, in a 4to. volume, some poems of that writer. I have the
+pleasure of assuring him that his information is correct, and that
+they are the "Three Pastoral Elegies" mentioned by Ritson. The
+title-page runs thus:--
+
+    "Three Pastoral Elegies of Anander, Anetor, and Muridella, by
+    William Bas. Printed by V.S. for J.B., and are to be sold
+    at his shop in Fleet Street, at the sign of the Great Turk's
+    Head, 1602."
+
+Then follows a dedication, "To the Honourable {349} and Virtuous
+Lady, the Lady Tasburgh;" from which dedication it appears that
+these Pastoral Elegies were among the early efforts of his Muse. The
+author, after making excuses for not having repaid her Ladyship's
+encouragement earlier, says,--
+
+    "Finding my abilitie too little to make the meanest
+    satisfaction of so great a principall as is due to so many
+    favourable curtesies, I am bold to tende your Ladyship this
+    unworthy interest, wherewithal I will put in good securitie,
+    that as soone as time shall relieve the necessitie of my young
+    invention, I will disburse my Muse to the uttermost mite of
+    my power, to make some more acceptable composition with your
+    bounty. In the mean space, living without hope to be ever
+    sufficient inough to yeeld your worthinesse the smallest
+    halfe of your due, I doe only desire to leave your ladyship
+    in assurance--
+
+  "That when increase of age and learning sets
+    My mind in wealthi'r state than now it is,
+  I'll pay a greater portion of my debts,
+    Or mortgage you a better Muse than this;
+    Till then, no kinde forbearance is amisse,
+  While, though I owe more than I can make good,
+  This is inough, to shew how faine I woo'd,
+
+                  Your Ladyship's in all humblenes
+
+                                   "WILLUM BAS."
+
+The first Pastoral consists of thirty-seven stanzas; the second
+of seventy-two; the third of forty-eight; each stanza of eight
+ten-syllable verses, of which the first six rhyme alternately; the
+last two are a couplet. There is a short argument, in verse, prefixed
+to each poem. That of the first runs thus:--
+
+  "Anander lets Anetor wot
+  His love, his lady, and his lot."
+
+of the second,--
+
+  "Anetor seeing, seemes to tell
+  The beauty of faire Muridell,
+  And in the end, he lets hir know
+  Anander's plaint, his love, his woe."
+
+of the third,--
+
+  "Anander sick of love's disdaine
+  Doth change himself into a swaine;
+  While dos the youthful shepherd show him
+  His Muridellaes answer to him."
+
+This notice of these elegies cannot fail to be highly interesting to
+your correspondent on Basse and his works, and others of your readers
+who feel an interest in recovering the lost works of our early poets.
+
+W.H. GUNNER
+
+Winchester, March 16. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Something else about "Salting."_--On the first occasion, after birth,
+of any children being taken into a neighbour's house, the mistress
+of the house always presents the babe with an egg, a little flour,
+and some salt; and the nurse, to ensure good luck, gives the child
+a taste of the pudding, which is forthwith compounded out of these
+ingredients. This little "mystery" has occurred too often to be merely
+accidental; indeed, all my poorer neighbours are familiarly acquainted
+with the custom; and they tell me that money is often given in
+addition at the houses of the rich.
+
+What is the derivation of _cum grano salis_ as a hint of caution? Can
+it come from the M.D.'s prescription; or is it the grain of Attic salt
+or wit for which allowance has to be made in every well-told story?
+
+A.G.
+
+Ecclesfield Vicarage, March 16, 1850.
+
+
+_Norfolk-Weather-Rhyme_.
+
+  "First comes David, then comes Chad,
+  And then comes Winneral as though he was mad,
+      White or black,
+      Or old house thack."
+
+The first two lines of this weather proverb may be found in Hone's
+_Every-Day Book_, and in Denham's _Proverbs and Popular Sayings
+relating to the Seasons_ (edited for the Percy Society): but St.
+Winwaloe, whose anniversary falls on the 3rd of March, is there called
+"Winnold," and not, as in our bit of genuine Norfolk, _Winneral_.
+Those versions also want the explanation, that at this time there will
+be either snow, rain, or wind; which latter is intended by the "old
+house thack," or thatch.
+
+_Medical Charms used in Ireland--Charm for Toothache_.--It is a
+singular fact, that the charm for toothache stated (No. 19. p. 293.)
+to be prevalent in the south-eastern counties of England, is also used
+by the lower orders in the county of Kilkenny, and perhaps other parts
+of Ireland. I have often heard the charm: it commences, "Peter sat
+upon a stone; Jesus said, 'What aileth thee, Peter?'" and so on, as
+in the English form.
+
+_To cure Warts_, the following charm is used:--A wedding-ring is
+procured, and the wart touched or pricked with a gooseberry thorn
+through the ring.
+
+_To cure Epilepsy_, take three drops of sow's milk.
+
+_To cure Blisters_ in a cow's mouth, cut the blisters; then slit the
+upper part of the tail, insert a clove of garlic, and tie a piece of
+_red cloth_ round the wound.
+
+_To cure the Murrain in Cows_.--This disease is supposed to be
+caused by the cow having been stung about the mouth while feeding, in
+consequence of contact with some of the larger larvae of the moth (as
+of the Death's-head Sphynx, &c.), which have a soft fleshy horn on
+their tails, erroneously believed to be a sting. If a farmer is so
+lucky as to procure one of these rare larvae, he is to bore a hole in
+an _ash tree_, and plug up the unlucky caterpillar alive in it. The
+leaves of that ash tree will, from thenceforth, be a specific against
+the disease.
+
+The universal prevalence of the superstition concerning the ash is
+extremely curious.
+
+J.G.
+
+Kilkenny. {350}
+
+
+_Death-bed Superstition_.--See _Guy Mannering_, ch. xxvii. and note
+upon it:--
+
+    "The popular idea that the protracted struggle between life
+    and death is painfully prolonged by keeping the door of the
+    apartment shut, was received as certain by the superstitious
+    eld of Scotland."
+
+In my country (West Gloucestershire) they throw open the windows at
+the moment of death.
+
+The notion of the escape of the soul through an opening is probably
+only in part the origin of this superstition. It will not account for
+opening _all_ the locks in the house. There is, I conceive, a notion
+of analogy and association.
+
+"Nexosque et solveret artus," says Virgil, at the death of Dido. They
+thought the soul, or the life, was tied up, and that the unloosing
+of any knot might help to get rid of the principle, as one may call
+it. For the same superstition prevailed in Scotland as to marriage
+(Dalyell, p. 302.). Witches cast knots on a cord; and in a parish in
+Perthshire both parties, just before marriage, had every knot or tie
+about them loosened, though they immediately proceeded, in private,
+severally to tie them up again. And as to the period of childbirth,
+see the grand and interesting ballad in Walter Scott's _Border Poems_,
+vol. ii. p. 27., "Willye's Lady."
+
+C.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTE ON HERODOTUS BY DEAN SWIFT.
+
+The inclosed unpublished note of Dean Swift will, I hope, be deemed
+worthy of a place in your columns. It was written by him in his
+Herodotus, which is now in the library of Winchester College,
+having been presented to it in 1766, by John Smyth de Burgh, Earl
+of Clanricarde. The genuineness of the handwriting is attested by a
+certificate of George Faulkner, who, it appears, was well qualified
+to decide upon it. The edition is Jungerman's, folio, printed by Paul
+Stephens, in 1718.
+
+W.H. GUNNER.
+
+    "_Judicium de Herodoto post longum tempus relicto_:--
+
+    "Ctesias mendacissimus Herodotum mendaciorum arguit, exceptis
+    paucissimis (ut mea fert sententia) omnimodo excusandum.
+    Caeterum diverticulis abundans, hic pater Historicorum, filum
+    narrationis ad taedium abrumpit; unde oritur (ut par est)
+    legentibus confusio, et exinde oblivio. Quin et forsan ipsae
+    narrationes circumstantiis nimium pro re scatent. Quod ad
+    caetera, hunc scriptorem inter apprime laudandos censeo, neque
+    Graecis, neque barbaris plus aequo faventem, aut iniquum: in
+    orationibus fere brevem, simplicem, nec nimis frequentem:
+    Neque absunt dogmata, e quibus eruditus lector prudentiam,
+    tam moralem, quam civilem, haurire poterit.
+
+    "Julii 6: 1720. J. SWIFT"
+
+    "I do hereby certify that the above is the handwriting of the
+    late Dr. Jonathan Swift, D.S.P.D., from whom I have had many
+    letters and printed several pieces from his original MS.
+
+    "Dublin, Aug. 21. 1762. GEORGE FAULKNER."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HERRICK'S HESPERIDES.
+
+There can be few among your subscribers who are unacquainted with
+the sweet lyric effusion of Herrick "to the Virgins, to make much
+of Time," beginning--
+
+  "Gather you rose-buds while ye may,
+    Old Time is still a-flying;
+  And this same flower, that smiles to-day,
+    To-morrow will be dying."
+
+The following "Answer" appeared in a publication not so well known
+as the _Hesperides_. I have therefore made a note of it from _Cantos,
+Songs, and Stanzas_, &c., 3rd ed. printed in Aberdeen, by John Forbes,
+1682.
+
+  "I gather, where I hope to gain,
+    I know swift Time doth fly;
+  Those fading buds methinks are vain,
+    To-morrow that may die.
+
+  "The higher Phoebus goes on high,
+    The lower is his fall;
+  But length of days gives me more light,
+    Freedom to know my thrall.
+
+  "Then why do ye think I lose my time,
+    Because I do not marrie;
+  Vain fantasies make not my prime,
+    Nor can make me miscarrie."
+
+J.M. GUTCH.
+
+Worcester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES.
+
+REV. DR. TOMLINSON.
+
+Mr. G. Bouchier Richardson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, who is at present
+engaged in compiling the life and correspondence of Robert Thomlinson,
+D.D., Rector of Whickham, co. Dur.; Lecturer of St. Nicholas,
+Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and founder of the Thomlinson Library there;
+Prebendary of St. Paul's; and Vice-Principal of Edmund Hall, Oxon., is
+very anxious for the communication of any matter illustrative of the
+life of the Doctor, his family and ancestry; which, it is presumed,
+is derivable from the family of that name long seated at Howden, in
+Yorkshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_"A" or "An," before Words, beginning with a Vowel._--Your readers are
+much indebted to Dr. Kennedy for his late exposure of the erroneous,
+though common, use of the phrase "mutual friend," and I am convinced
+that there are many similar solecisms which only require to be
+denounced to ensure their disuse. I am anxious to ask the opinion
+of Dr. K., and others of your subscribers, on another point in the
+English language, namely, the principles which should guide our use of
+"A" or "An" before a word beginning with a vowel, as the practice does
+not appear to be uniform in this respect. The {351} minister of my
+parish invariably says in his sermon, "Such an one," which, I confess,
+to my ear is grating enough. I conclude he would defend himself by
+the rule that where the succeeding word, as "one," begins with a
+vowel, "An," and not "A," should be used; but this appears to me not
+altogether satisfactory, as, though "one" is spelt as beginning with
+a vowel, it is _pronounced_ as if beginning with a consonant thus,
+"won." The rule of adding or omitting the final "n," according as the
+following word commences with a vowel or a consonant, was meant, I
+conceive, entirely for elegance in _speaking_, to avoid the jar on
+the ear which would otherwise be occasioned, and has no reference
+to _writing_, or the appearance on paper of the words. I consider,
+therefore, that an exception must be made to the rule of using "An"
+before words beginning with a vowel in cases where the words are
+pronounced as if beginning with a consonant, as "one," "use," and its
+derivatives, "ubiquity," "unanimity," and some others which will no
+doubt occur to your readers. I should be glad to be informed if my
+opinion is correct; and I will only further observe, that the same
+remarks are applicable towards words beginning with "_h_." _An horse_
+sounds as bad as _a hour_; and it is obvious that in these cases
+employment of "A" or "An" is dictated by the consideration whether the
+aspirate is _sounded_ or is _quiescent_, and has no reference to the
+spelling of the word.
+
+PRISCIAN.
+
+
+_The Lucky have whole Days._--I, like your correspondent "P.S." (No.
+15., p. 231.), am anxious to ascertain the authorship of the lines to
+which he refers.
+
+They stand in my Common-place Book as follows, which I consider to be
+a more correct version than that given by "P.S.":--
+
+  "Fate's dark recesses we can never find,
+  But Fortune, at some hours, to all is kind:
+  The lucky have whole days, which still they choose;
+  The unlucky have but hours, and those they lose."
+
+H.H.
+
+
+_Line quoted by De Quincey._--"S.P.S." inquires who is the author of
+the following line, quoted by De Quincey in the _Confessions of an
+English Opium Eater_:--
+
+  "Battlements that on their restless fronts bore stars."
+
+
+_Bishop Jewel's Papers._--It is generally understood that the papers
+left by Bishop Jewel were bequeathed to his friend Dr. Garbrand, who
+published some of them. The rest, it has been stated, passed from Dr.
+G. into the possession of New College, Oxford. Are any of these still
+preserved in the library of that college? or, if not, can any trace
+be found of the persons into whose hands they subsequently came, or
+of the circumstances under which they were lost to New College?
+
+A.H.
+
+
+_Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon_.--In Fenn's _Paston Letters_,
+XCVIII. (vol. iii., p. 393., or vol. i., p. 113. Bohn), entitled "An
+ancient Whitsunday Sermon, preached by Friar Brackley (whose hand it
+is). At the Friers Minors Church in Norwich" occurs the following:--
+
+    "Semiplenum gaudium est quando quis in praesenti gaudet et tunc
+    cogitans de futuris dolet; ut in quodam libro Graeco, &c."
+
+    "Quidam Rex Graeciae, &c.; here ye may see but half a joy; who
+    should joy in this world if he remembered him of the pains of
+    the other world?"
+
+What is the Greek Book, and who is the king of Greece alluded to?
+
+N.E.R.
+
+
+_Selden's Titles of Honour_.--Does any gentleman possess a MS. Index
+to Selden's _Titles of Honour_? Such, if printed, would be a boon; for
+it is a dreadful book to wade through for what one wants to find.
+
+B.
+
+
+_Colonel Hyde Seymour_.--In a book dated 1720, is written "Borrow the
+Book of Col. Hyde Seymour." I am anxious to know who the said Colonel
+was, his birth, &c.?
+
+B.
+
+
+_Quem Deus vult perdere, &c._--Prescot, in his _History of the
+Conquest of Peru_ (vol. ii., p. 404., 8vo. ed.), says, while remarking
+on the conduct of Gonzalo Pisaro, that it may be accounted for by "the
+insanity," as the Roman, or rather Grecian proverb calls it, "with
+which the gods afflict men when they design to ruin them." He quotes
+the Greek proverb from a fragment of Euripides, in his note:--
+
+  "[Greek: Otan de Daimon andri parsunei kaka
+  Ton noun eblapse proton.]"
+
+I wish to know whether the Roman proverb, _Quem vult perdere Deus
+prius dementat_, is merely a translation of this, or whether it is to
+be found in a Latin author? If the latter, in what author? Is it in
+Seneca?
+
+EDWARD S. JACKSON.
+
+
+_Southwell's Supplication_.--Can any one inform me where I can see a
+copy of _Robert Southwell's Supplication to Queen Elizabeth_, which
+was printed, according to Watts, in 1593? or can any one, who has seen
+it, inform me what is the style and character of it?
+
+J.S.
+
+
+_Gesta Grayorum_.--In Nichol's _Progresses of Queen Elizabeth_, vol.
+iii., p. 262., a tract is inserted, entitled "Gesta Grayorum; or,
+History of the High and Mighty Prince Henry, Prince of Purpoole, &c.,
+who lived and died in A.D. 1594." The original is said to have been
+printed in 1688, by Mr. Henry Keepe. Is any copy of it to be had or
+seen?
+
+J.S.
+
+
+_Snow of Chicksand Priory_.--"A.J.S.P." desires information respecting
+the immediate descendants of R. Snow, Esq., to whom the site of {352}
+Chicksand Priory, Bedfordshire, was granted, 1539: it was alienated
+by his family, about 1600, to Sir John Osborn, Knt., whose descendants
+now possess it. In Berry's _Pedigrees of Surrey Families_, p. 83., I
+find an Edward Snowe of Chicksand mentioned as having married Emma,
+second daughter of William Byne, Esq., of Wakehurst, Sussex. What was
+his relationship to R. Snow, mentioned above? The arms of this family
+are, Per fesse nebulee azure, and argent three antelopes' heads,
+erased counterchanged, armed or.
+
+
+_The Bristol Riots_.--"J.B.M." asks our Bristol readers what
+compilation may be relied on as an accurate description of the Bristol
+riots of 1831? and whether _The Bristol Riots, their Causes, Progress,
+and Consequences, by a Citizen_, is generally received as an accurate
+account?
+
+1, Union Place, Lisson Grove.
+
+
+_A Living Dog better that a Dead Lion_.--Can any of your readers
+inform me with whom the proverb originated: "_A living dog is better
+than a dead lion?_" F. Domin. Bannez (or Bannes), in his defence of
+Cardinal Cajetan, after his death, against the attacks of Cardinal
+Catharinus and Melchior Canus (_Comment. in prim. par. S. Thom._ p.
+450. ed. Duaci, 1614), says--
+
+    "Certe potest dici de istis, quod de Graecis insultantibus
+    Hectori jam mortuo dixit Homerus, quod _leoni mortuo etiam
+    lepores insultant_."
+
+Query? Is this, or any like expression, to be found in Homer? If so,
+I should feel much obliged to any of your correspondents who would
+favour me with the reference.
+
+JOHN SANSOM.
+
+
+_Author of "Literary Leisure_."--Can any of your readers inform me of
+the name of the author of _Literary Leisure_, published by Miller,
+Old Bond Street, 1802, in 2 volumes? It purports to have come out in
+weekly parts, of which the first is dated Sept. 26. 1799. It contains
+many interesting papers in prose and verse: it is dedicated to the
+Editors of the _Monthly Review_. The motto in the title-page is--
+
+  "Saiva res est: philosophatur quoque jam;
+  Quod erat ei nomen? Thesaurochrysonicochrysides."--Plautus.
+
+Is the work noticed in the _Monthly Review_, about that time?
+
+NEMO.
+
+
+_The Meaning of "Complexion."_--Is the word "complexion," used in
+describing an individual, to be considered as applied to the _tint_
+of the skin only, or to the colour of the hair and eyes? Can a person,
+having dark eyes and hair, but with a clear white skin, be said to be
+fair?
+
+NEMO.
+
+
+_American Bittern--Derivation of "Calamity."_--It has been stated of
+an American Bittern, that it has the power of admitting rays of light
+from its breast, by which fish are attracted within its reach. Can any
+one inform me as to the fact, or refer me to any ornithological work
+in which I can find it?
+
+In answer to "F.S. Martin"--Calamity (_calamitas_), not from
+_calamus_, as it is usually derived, but perhaps from obs.
+_calamis_, i.e. _columis_, from [Greek: kholo, kolhao, kolhazo] to
+maim, mutilate, and so for _columitas_. (See Riddle's _Lat.-Eng.
+Dictionary_.)
+
+AUGUSTINE.
+
+
+_Inquisition in Mexico._--"D." wishes to be furnished with references
+to any works in which the actual establishment of the Inquisition in
+Mexico is mentioned or described, or in which any other information
+respecting it is conveyed.
+
+
+_Masters of St. Cross_.--"H. EDWARDS" will be obliged by information
+of any work except _Dugdale's Monasticon_, containing a list of the
+names of the Master of the Hospital of St. Cross, Winchester; or of
+the Masters or Priors of the same place before Humphry de Milers;
+and of the Masters between Bishop Sherborne, about 1491, and Bishop
+Compton, about 1674.
+
+
+_Etymology of "Dalston."_--The hamlet of Hackney, now universally
+known only as _Dalston_, is spelt by most topographists _Dorleston_
+or _Dalston_. I have seen it in one old Gazette _Darlston_, and
+I observed it lately, on a stone let in to an old row of houses,
+_Dolston_; this was dated 1792. I have searched a great many books in
+vain to discover the etymology, and from it, of course, the correct
+spelling of the word, the oldest form of which that I can find is
+_Dorleston_.
+
+The only probable derivations of it that I can find are the old words
+_Doles_ and _ton_ (from Saxon _dun_), a village built upon a slip of
+land between furrows of ploughed earth; or _Dale_ (Dutch _Dal_), and
+_stone_, a bank in a valley. The word may, however, be derived from
+some man's name, though I can find none at all like it in a long list
+of tenants upon Hackney Manor that I have searched. If any of your
+readers can furnish this information they will much oblige.
+
+H.C. DE ST. CROIX.
+
+
+_"Brown Study"_--a term generally applied to intense reverie. Why
+"brown," rather than blue or yellow? _Brown_ must be a corruption of
+some word. Query of "barren," in the sense of fruitless or useless?
+
+D.V.S.
+
+
+_Coal Brandy_.--People now old can recollect that, when young, they
+heard people then old talk of "coal-brandy." What was this? _Cold_?
+or, in modern phase, _raw_, _neat_, or _genuine_?
+
+CANTAB.
+
+
+_Swot_.--I have often heard military men talk of _swot_, meaning
+thereby mathematics; and persons eminent in that science are termed
+"_good swots_." As I never heard the word except amongst the military,
+but there almost universally in "free and {353} easy," conversation,
+I am led to think it a cant term. At any rate, I shall be glad to be
+informed of its origin,--if it be not lost in the mists of soldierly
+antiquity.
+
+CANTAB.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES.
+
+THE DODO.
+
+Mr. Strickland has justly observed that this subject "belongs rather
+to human history than to pure zoology." Though I have not seen Mr.
+Strickland's book, I venture to offer him a few suggestions, not as
+_answers_ to his questions, but as slight aids towards the resolution
+of some of them.
+
+Qu. 1. There can be no doubt about the discovery of Mauritius
+and Bourbon by the Portuguese; and if not by a Mascarhenas, that
+the islands were first so named in honour of some member of that
+illustrious family, many of whom make a conspicuous figure in the
+Decads of the Portuguese Livy. I expected to have found some notice
+of the discovery in the very curious little volume of Antonio
+Galvao, printed in 1563, under the following title:--_Tratado dos
+Descobrimentos Antigos, e Modernos feitos ate a Era de 1550_; but I
+merely find a vague notice of several nameless islands--"alguma Ilheta
+sem gente: onde diz que tomarao agoa e lenha"--and that, in 1517,
+Jorge Mascarenhas was despatched by sea to the coast of China. This
+is the more provoking, as, in general, Galvao is very circumstantial
+about the discoveries of his countrymen.
+
+Qu. 5. The article in Ree's _Cyclopaedia_ is a pretty specimen of the
+manner in which such things are sometimes concocted, as the following
+extracts will show:--
+
+    "Of _Bats_ they have as big as Hennes about Java and the
+    neighbor islands. Clusius bought one of the Hollanders, which
+    they brought from the Island of Swannes (Ilha do Cisne), newly
+    styled by them Maurice Island. It was about a foot from head
+    to taile, above a foot about; the wings one and twenty inches
+    long, nine broad; the claw, whereby it hung on the trees, was
+    two inches," &c. "Here also they found a Fowle, which they
+    called Walgh-vogel, of the bigness of a Swanne, and most
+    deformed shape." (_Purchas his Pilgrimage_, 1616, p. 642.)
+
+And afterward, speaking of the island of Madura, he says,--
+
+    "In these partes are Battes as big as Hennes, which the people
+    roast and eat."
+
+In the _Lettres edifiantes_ (edit. 1781, t. xiii. p. 302.) is a letter
+from Pere Brown to Madame de Benamont concerning the Isle of Bourbon,
+which he calls "_l'Isle de Mascarin_" erroneously saying it was
+discovered by the Dutch about sixty years since. (The letter is
+supposed to have been written about the commencement of the eighteenth
+century.) He then relates how it was peopled by French fugitives
+from Madagascar, when the massacre there took place on account of
+the conduct of the _French_ king and his court. In describing its
+production, he says,--
+
+    "Vers l'est de cette Isle il y a une petite plaine au haut
+    d'une montagne, qu'on appelle la Plaine des _Caffres_, ou
+    l'on trouve un gros _oiseau bleu_, dont la couleur est fort
+    eclatante. Il ressemble a un pigeon ramier; il vole rarement,
+    et toujours en rasant la terre, mais il marche avec une
+    vitesse surprenante; les habitans ne lui ont point encore
+    donne d'autre nom que celui _d'oiseau bleu_; sa chair est
+    assez bonne et se conserve longtemps."
+
+Not a word, however, about the _Dodo_, which had it then existed
+there, would certainly have been noticed by the observant Jesuit.
+But now for the _bat_:--
+
+    "La _chauve-souris_ est ici de la grosseur d'une poule. Cet
+    _oiseau_ ne vit que de fruits et de grains, et c'est un mets
+    fort commun dans le pays. J'avois de la repugnance a suivre
+    l'exemple de ceux qui en mangeoient; mais en ayant goute par
+    surprise, j'en trouvai la chair fort delicate. On peut dire
+    que cet _animal_, qu'on abhorre naturellement, n'a rien de
+    mauvais que la figure."
+
+The Italics are mine; but they serve to show how the confusion has
+arisen. The writer speaks of the almost entire extinction of the land
+Turtles, which were formerly abundant; and says, that the island was
+well stocked with goats and wild hogs, but for some time they had
+retreated to the mountains, where no one dared venture to wage war
+upon them.
+
+Again, in the _Voyage de l'Arabie Heureuse par l'Ocean Oriental et
+le Detroit de la Mer rouge, dans les Annees 1708-10_ (Paris, 1716,
+12mo.), the vessels visit both Mauritius and Bourbon, and some account
+of the then state of both islands is given. At the Mauritius, one of
+the captains relates that, foraging for provisions,--
+
+    "Toute notre chasse se borna a quelques pigeons rougeatres,
+    que nous tuames, et qui se laissent tellement approcher,
+    qu'on peut les assommer a coup de pierres. Je tuai aussi
+    deux _chauve-souris_ d'une espece particuliere, _de couleur
+    violette_, avec de petites taches jaunes, ayant une espece de
+    crampon aux ailes, par ou cet _oiseau_ se pend aux branches
+    des arbres, et _un bec de perroquet_. Les Hollandois disent
+    qu'elles sont bonnes a manger; et qu'en certaine saison, elles
+    valent bien nos becasses."
+
+At Bourbon, he says,--
+
+  "On y voit grandes nombres _d'oiseau bleu_ qui se
+  nichent dans les herbes et dans les fougeres."
+
+This was in the year 1710. There were then, he says, not more than
+forty Dutch settlers on the Island of Mauritius, and they were daily
+hoping and expecting to be transferred to Batavia. As editor (La
+Roque) subjoins a relation furnished on the authority of M. de Vilers,
+who had been governor there for the India Company, in which it is
+said,-- {354}
+
+    "The island was uninhabited when the Portuguese, after having
+    doubled the Cape of Good Hope, discovered it. They gave it the
+    name of Mascarhenas, _a cause que leur chef se nommoit ainsi_;
+    and the vulgar still preserve it, calling the inhabitants
+    _Mascarins_. It was not decidedly inhabited until 1654, when
+    M. de Flacour, commandant at Madagascar, sent some invalids
+    there to recover their health, that others followed; and since
+    then it has been named the Isle of Bourbon."
+
+Still no notice of the _Dodo!_ but
+
+    "On y trouve des oiseaux appelez _Flamans_, qui excedent la
+    hauteur d'un grand homme."
+
+Qu. 6. I know not whether Mr. S. is aware that there is the head of a
+Dodo in the Royal Museum of Natural History at Copenhagen, which came
+from the collection of Paludanus? M. Domeny de Rienzi, the compiler of
+_Oceanie, ou cinquieme Partie du Globe_ (1838, t. iii. p. 384.), tells
+us, that a Javanese captain gave him part of a _Dronte_, which he
+unfortunately lost on being shipwrecked; but he forgot where he said
+he obtained it.
+
+Qu. 7. _Dodo_ is most probably the name given at first to the bird by
+the Portuguese; _Doudo_, in that language, being a fool or _lumpish_
+stupid person. And, besides that name, it bore that of _Toelpel_ in
+German, which has the same signification. The _Dod-aers_ of the Dutch
+is most probably a vulgar epithet of the Dutch sailors, expressive of
+its _lumpish_ conformation and inactivity. Our sailors would possibly
+have substituted heavy-a----. I find the Dodo was also called the
+_Monk-swan_ of St. Maurice's Island at the commencement of last
+century. The word _Dronte_ is apparently neither Portugese nor
+Spanish, though in Connelly's _Dictionary_ of the latter language
+we have--
+
+    "_Dronte_, cierto paxaro de Indias de alas muy cortas--an
+    appellation given by some to the Dodo."
+
+It seems to me to be connected with _Drone_; but this can only be
+ascertained from the period and the people by whom it was applied.
+
+That the bird once existed there can be no doubt, from the notice
+of Sir Hamon L'Estrange, which there is no reason for questioning;
+and there seems to be as little reason to suppose that Tradescant's
+stuffed specimen was a fabrication. He used to preserve his own
+specimens; and there could be no motive at that period for a
+fabrication. I had hoped to have found some notice of it in the
+_Diary_ of that worthy virtuoso Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach, who
+visited the Ashmolean Museum in 1710; but though he notices other
+natural curiosities, there is no mention of it. This worthy remarks on
+the slovenly condition and inadequate superintendence of our museums,
+and especially of that of Gresham College; but those who recollect
+the state of our great national museum forty years since will not be
+surprised at this, or at the calamitous destruction of Tradescant's
+specimen of the Dodo. That the bird was extinct above 150 years ago I
+think we may conclude from the notices I have extracted from La Roque,
+and the letter of the Jesuit Brown. Mr. Strickland has done good
+service to the cause of natural science by his monograph of this very
+curious subject; and to him every particle of information must be
+acceptable: this must be my excuse for the almost nothing I have been
+able to contribute.
+
+S.W. SINGER.
+
+March 26. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE WATCHING OF THE SEPULCHRE.
+
+Inquired about by "T.W." (No. 20. p. 318.), is a liturgical practice,
+which long was, and still is, observed in Holy Week. On Maundy
+Thursday, several particles of the Blessed Eucharist, consecrated
+at the Mass sung that day, were reserved--a larger one for the
+celebrating priest on the morrow, Good Friday; the smaller ones for
+the viaticum of the dying, should need be, and carried in solemn
+procession all round the church, from the high altar to a temporary
+erection, fitted up like a tomb, with lights, and the figure of an
+angel watching by, on the north side of the chancel. Therein the
+Eucharist was kept till Easter Sunday morning, according to the
+Salisbury Ritual; and there were people kneeling and praying at this
+so-called sepulchre all the time, both night and day. To take care of
+the church, left open throughout this period, and to look after the
+lights, it was necessary for the sacristan to have other men to help
+him; and what was given to them for this service is put down in the
+church-wardens' books as money for "watching the sepulchre." By the
+Roman Ritual, this ceremony lasts only from Maundy Thursday till
+Good Friday. This rite will be duly followed in my own little church
+here at Buckland, where some of my flock, two and two, in stated
+succession, all through the night, as well as day, will be watching
+from just after Mass on Maundy Thursday till next morning's service.
+In some of the large Catholic churches in London and the provinces,
+this ceremony is observed with great splendour.
+
+DANIEL ROCK.
+
+Buckland, Farringdon.
+
+
+_Watching the Sepulchre._--If no one sends a more satisfactory reply
+to the query about "Watching the Sepulchre," the following extract
+from Parker's _Glossary of Architecture_ (3rd edit. p. 197.) will
+throw some light on the matter:--
+
+    "In many churches we find a large flat arch in the north
+    wall of the chancel near the alter, which was called the
+    Holy Sepulchre; and was used at Easter for the performance of
+    solemn rites commemorative of the resurrection of our Lord.
+    On this occasion there was usually a temporary wooden erection
+    over the arch; but, occasionally, the whole was of stone, and
+    very richly ornamented. There are fine specimens at Navenby
+    and Heckington churches, Lincolnshire, and {355} Hawton
+    church, Notts. All these in the decorated style of the
+    fourteenth century; and are of great magnificence, especially
+    the last."
+
+To this account of the sepulchre I may add, that one principal part
+of the solemn rites referred to above consisted in depositing a
+consecrated wafer or, as at Durham Cathedral, a crucifix within
+its recess--a symbol of the entombment of our blessed Lord--and
+removing it with great pomp, accompanied sometimes with a mimetic
+representation of the visit of the Marys to the tomb, on the morning
+of Easter Sunday. This is a subject capable of copious illustration,
+for which, some time since, I collected some materials (which are
+quite at your service); but, as your space is valuable, I will only
+remark, that the "Watching the Sepulchre" was probably in imitation of
+the watch kept by the Roman soldiers round the tomb of Our Lord, and
+with the view of preserving the host from any casualty.
+
+At Rome, the ceremony is anticipated, the wafer being carried in
+procession, on the Thursday in Passion Week, from the Sistine to the
+Paoline Chapel, and brought back again on the Friday; thus missing
+the whole intention of the rite. Dr. Baggs, in his _Ceremonies of Holy
+Week at Rome_, says (p. 65.):--
+
+    "When the pope reaches the altar (of the Capella Paolina),
+    the first cardinal deacon receives from his hands the blessed
+    sacrament, and, preceded by torches, carries it to the upper
+    part of the _macchina_; M. Sagrista places it within the urn
+    commonly called the sepulchre, where it is incensed by the
+    Pope.... M. Sagrista then shuts the sepulchre, and delivers
+    the key to the Card. Penitentiary, who is to officiate on the
+    following day."
+
+E.V.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POEM BY SIR EDWARD DYER.
+
+_Dr. Rimbault's 4th Qu._ (No. 19. p. 302.).--"My mind to me a kingdom
+is" will be found to be of much earlier date than Nicholas Breton.
+Percy partly printed it from William Byrds's _Psalmes, Sonets,
+and Songs of Sadnes_ (no date, but 1588 according to Ames), with
+some additions and _improvements (?)_ from a B.L. copy in the
+Pepysian collection. I have met with it in some early poetical
+miscellany--perhaps Tottel, or _England's Helicon_--but cannot just
+now refer to either.
+
+The following copy is from a cotemporary MS. containing many of
+the poems of Sir Edward Dyer, Edward Earl of Oxford, and their
+cotemporaries, several of which have never been published. The
+collection appears to have been made by Robert Mills, of Cambridge.
+Dr. Rimbault will, no doubt, be glad to compare this text with
+Breton's. It is, at least, much more genuine than the _composite_
+one given by Bishop Percy.
+
+  "My mynde to me a kyngdome is,
+    Suche preasente joyes therin I fynde,
+  That it excells all other blisse,
+    That earth affordes or growes by kynde;
+  Thoughe muche I wante which moste would have,
+  Yet still my mynde forbiddes to crave.
+
+  "No princely pompe, no wealthy store,
+    No force to winne the victorye,
+  No wilye witt to salve a sore,
+    No shape to feade a loving eye;
+  To none of these I yielde as thrall,
+  For why? my mynde dothe serve for all.
+
+  "I see howe plenty suffers ofte,
+    And hasty clymers sone do fall,
+  I see that those which are alofte
+    Mishapp dothe threaten moste of all;
+  They get with toyle, they keepe with feare,
+  Suche cares my mynde coulde never beare.
+
+  "Content to live, this is my staye,
+    I seeke no more than maye suffyse,
+  I presse to beare no haughty swaye;
+    Look what I lack, my mynde supplies;
+  Lo, thus I triumph like a kynge,
+  Content with that my mynde doth bringe.
+
+  "Some have too muche, yet still do crave,
+    I little have and seek no more,
+  They are but poore, though muche they have,
+    And I am ryche with lyttle store;
+  They poore, I ryche, they begge, I gyve,
+  They lacke, I leave, they pyne, I lyve.
+
+  "I laughe not at another's losse,
+    I grudge not at another's payne;
+  No worldly wants my mynde can toss,
+    My state at one dothe still remayne:
+  I feare no foe, I fawn no friende,
+  I lothe not lyfe nor dreade my ende.
+
+  "Some weighe their pleasure by theyre luste,
+    Theyre wisdom by theyre rage of wyll,
+  Theyre treasure is theyre onlye truste,
+    A cloked crafte theyre store of skylle:
+  But all the pleasure that I fynde
+  Is to mayntayne a quiet mynde.
+
+  "My wealthe is healthe and perfect ease,
+    My conscience cleere my chiefe defence,
+  I neither seek by brybes to please,
+    Nor by deceyte to breede offence;
+  Thus do I lyve, thus will I dye,
+  Would all did so as well as I.
+
+    "FINIS.  [Symbol: CROWN]  E. DIER."
+
+S.W.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ROBERT CROWLEY.
+
+"Be pleased to observe," says Herbert, "that, though 'The Supper of
+the Lorde' and 'The Vision of Piers Plowman' are inserted among the
+rest of his writings, he wrote only the prefixes to them" (vol. ii.
+p. 278.). Farther on he gives the title of the book, and adds, "Though
+this treatise is anonymous, Will. Tindall is allowed to have been the
+author; Crowley wrote only the preface." It was originally printed at
+Nornberg, and dated as above [the same date as that given by "C.H.,"
+No. 21. p. 332.]. "Bearing no printer's name, nor date of printing,
+I have placed it to Crowley, being a printer, as having the justest
+claim to it" (p. 762.). {356} There is a copy in the Lambeth Library,
+No. 553. p. 249. in my "List," of which I have said (on what grounds I
+do not now know), "This must be a different edition from that noticed
+by Herbert (ii. 762.) and Dibdin (iv. 334. No. 2427.)." I have not
+Dibdin's work at hand to refer to, but as I see nothing in Herbert on
+which I could ground such a statement, I suppose that something may be
+found in Dibdin's account; though probably it may be only my mistake
+or his. As to foreign editions, I always feel very suspicious of their
+existence; and though I do not remember this book in particular, or
+know why I supposed it to differ from the edition ascribed to Crowley,
+yet I feel pretty confident that it bore no mark of "Nornberg."
+According to my description it had four pairs of [Symbol: pointing
+hands] on the title, and contained E iv., in eights, which should be
+thirty _six_ leaves.
+
+S.R. MAITLAND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_John Ross Mackay_ (No. 8. p. 125.).--In reply to the Query of your
+correspondent "D.," I beg to forward the following quotation from
+Sir N.W. Wraxall's _Historical Memoirs of his Own Time_, 3rd edition.
+Speaking of the peace of Fontainbleau, he says,--
+
+    "John Ross Mackay, who had been private secretary to the Earl
+    of Bute, and afterwards during seventeen years was treasurer
+    of the ordnance, a man with whom I was personally acquainted,
+    frequently avowed the fact. He lived to a very advanced age,
+    sat in several parliaments, and only died, I believe in 1796.
+    A gentleman of high professional rank, and of unimpeached
+    veracity, who is still alive, told me, that dining at the late
+    Earl of Besborough's, in Cavendish Square, in the year 1790,
+    where only four persons were present, including himself, Ross
+    Mackay, who was one of the number, gave them the most ample
+    information upon the subject. Lord Besborough having called
+    after dinner for a bottle of champagne, a wine to which Mackay
+    was partial, and the conversation turning on the means of
+    governing the House of Commons, Mackay said, that, 'money
+    formed, after all, the only effectual and certain method.'
+    'The peace of 1763,' continued he, 'was carried through and
+    approved by a pecuniary distribution. Nothing else could have
+    surmounted the difficulty. I was myself the channel through
+    which the money passed. With my own hand I secured above one
+    hundred and twenty votes on that most important question
+    to ministers. Eighty thousand pounds were set apart for the
+    purpose. Forty members of the House of Commons received from
+    me a thousand pounds each. To eighty others, I paid five
+    hundred pounds apiece.'"
+
+DAVID STEWARD.
+
+Godalming, March 19. 1850.
+
+
+_Shipster_.--_Gourders_.--As no satisfactory elucidation of the
+question propounded by Mr. Fox (No. 14. p. 216.) has been suggested,
+and I think he will scarcely accept the conjecture of "F.C.B.,"
+however ingenious (No. 21. p. 339.), I am tempted to offer a note
+on the business or calling of a shipster. It had, I believe, no
+connection with nautical concerns; it did not designate a skipper (in
+the Dutch use of the word) of the fair sex. That rare volume, Caxton's
+_Boke for Travellers_, a treasury of archaisms, supplies the best
+definition of her calling:--"Mabyll the shepster cheuissheth her
+right well; she maketh surplys, shertes, breches, keuerchiffs, and
+all that may be wrought of lynnen cloth." The French term given, as
+corresponding to shepster, is "_cousturiere._" Palsgrave also, in
+his _Eclaircissement de la Langue francoyse_, gives "schepstarre,
+_lingiere_:--sheres for shepsters, _forces_." If further evidence were
+requisite, old Elyot might be cited, who renders both _sarcinatrix_
+and _sutatis_ (? _sutatrix_) as "a shepster, a seamester." The term
+may probably be derived from her skill in shaping or cutting out the
+various garments of which Caxton gives so quaint an inventory. Her
+vocation was the very same as that of the _tailleuse_ of present
+times--the _Schneiderinn_, she-cutter, of Germany. Palsgrave likewise
+gives this use of the verb "to shape," expressed in French by
+"_tailler_." He says, "He is a good tayloure, and _shapeth_ a garment
+as well as any man." It is singular that Nares should have overlooked
+this obsolete term; and Mr. Halliwell, in his useful _Glossarial
+Collections_, seems misled by some similarity of sound, having
+noticed, perhaps, in Palsgrave, only the second occurrence of the
+word as before cited, "sheres for shepsters." He gives that author as
+authority for the explanation "shepster, a sheep-shearer" (_Dict. of
+Archaic Words_, in v.). It has been shown, however, I believe, to have
+no more concern with a sheep than a ship.
+
+The value of your periodical in eliciting the explanation of crabbed
+archaisms is highly to be commended. Shall I anticipate Mr. Bolton
+Corney, or some other of your acute glossarial correspondents, if
+I offer another suggestion, in reply to "C.H." (No. 21. p. 335.),
+regarding "gourders of raine?" I have never met with the word in
+this form; but Gouldman gives "a gord of water which cometh by rain,
+_aquilegium_." Guort, gorz, or gort, in Domesday, are interpreted
+by Kelham as "a wear"; and in old French, _gort_ or _gorz_ signifies
+"_flot, gorgees, quantite_" (Roquefort). All these words, as well as
+the Low Latin _gordus_ (Ducange), are doubtless to be deduced, with
+_gurges, a gyrando_.
+
+ALBERT WAY.
+
+
+_Rococo_ (No. 20. p. 321.).--The _history_ of this word appears
+to be involved in uncertainty. Some French authorities derive it
+from "_rocaille_," rock-work, pebbles for a grotto, &c.; others
+from "_Rocco_," an architect (whose existence, however, I cannot
+trace), the author, it is to be supposed, {357} of the antiquated,
+unfashionable, and false style which the word "Rococo" is employed
+to designate. The _use_ of the word is said to have first arisen in
+France towards the end of the reign of Louis XV. or the beginning
+of that of Louis XVI., and it is now employed in the above senses,
+not only in architecture, but in literature, fashion, and the arts
+generally.
+
+J.M.
+
+Oxford, March 18.
+
+
+_Rococo_.--This is one of those cant words, of no very definite,
+and of merely conventional, meaning, for any thing said or done in
+ignorance of the true propriety of the matter in question. "_C'est
+du rococo_," it is mere stuff, or nonsense, or rather twaddle. It was
+born on the stage, about ten years ago, at one of the minor theatres
+at Paris, though probably borrowed from a wine-shop, and most likely
+will have as brief an existence as our own late "flare-up," and such
+ephemeral colloquialisms, or rather vulgarisms, that tickle the public
+fancy for a day, till pushed from their stool by another.
+
+X.
+
+March 18. 1850.
+
+
+_God tempers the Wind, &c._--The French proverb, "A brebis tondue
+Dieu mesure le vent" (God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb), will
+be found in Quitard's _Dictionnaire etymologique, historique et
+anecdotique, des Proverbes, et des Locutions proverbiales de la
+Langue francaise_, 8vo. Paris, 1842. Mons. Quitard adds the following
+explanation of the proverb:--"Dieu proportionne a nos forces les
+afflictions qu'il nous envoie." I have also found this proverb in
+Furetiere's _Dictionnaire universal de tous les Mots francais_, &c. 4
+vols. folio, La Haye, 1727.
+
+J.M.
+
+Oxford. March 18.
+
+
+The proverb, "A brebis pres tondue, Dieu luy mesure le vent," is to
+be found in Jan. Gruter. _Florileg. Ethico-polit. part. alt. proverb.
+gallic._, p. 353. 8vo. Francof. 1611.
+
+M.
+
+Oxford.
+
+
+_Guildhalls_ (No. 20. p. 320)--These were anciently the halls, or
+places of meeting, of Guilds, or communities formed for secular or
+religious purposes, none of which could be legally set up without
+the King's licence. Trade companies were founded, and still exist,
+in various parts of the kingdom, as "Gilda Mercatorum;" and there is
+little doubt that this was the origin of the municipal or governing
+corporate bodies in cities and towns whose "Guildhalls" still
+remain--"gildated" and "incorporated" were synonymous terms.
+
+In many places, at one time of considerable importance, where Guilds
+were established, though the latter have vanished, the name of their
+Halls has survived.
+
+Your correspondent "A SUBSCRIBER AB INITIO" is referred to Madox,
+_Firma Burgi_, which will afford him much information on the subject.
+
+T.E.D.
+
+Exeter.
+
+
+_Treatise of Equivocation_.--In reply to the inquiry of your
+correspondent "J.M." (No. 17. p. 263.), I beg to state that, as my
+name was mentioned in connection with the Query, I wrote to the Rev.
+James Raine, the librarian of the Durham Cathedral Library, inquiring
+whether _The Treatise of Equivocation_ existed in the Chapter Library.
+From that gentleman I have received this morning the following
+reply:--"I cannot find, in this library, the book referred to in
+the 'NOTES AND QUERIES,' neither can I discover it in that of Bishop
+Cosin. The Catalogue of the latter is, however, very defective. The
+said publication ('NOTES AND QUERIES') promises to be very useful."
+Although this information is of a purely negative character, yet
+I thought it right to endeavour to satisfy your correspondent's
+curiosity.
+
+BERIAH BOTFIELD.
+
+Nortan Hall.
+
+
+_Judas Bell_ (No. 13. p. 195.; No. 15. p. 235.).--The lines here
+quoted by "C.W.G.," from "a singular Scotch poem," evidently mean to
+express or examplify discord; and the words "to jingle _Judas bells_,"
+refer to "bells _jangled, out of tune, and harsh_."
+
+The Maltese at Valletta, a people singularly, and, as we should
+say, morbidly, addicted to the seeming enjoyment of the most horrid
+discords, on Good Friday Eve, have the custom of _jangling_ the church
+bells with the utmost violence, in execration of the memory of Judas;
+and I have seen there a large wooden machine (of which they have
+many in use), constructed on a principle similar to that of an
+old-fashioned watchman's rattle, but of far greater power in creating
+an uproar, intended to be symbolical of the rattling of _Judas's
+bones, that will not rest in his grave_. The Maltese, as is well
+known, are a very superstitious people. The employment of _Judas
+candles_ would, no doubt, if properly explained, turn out to mean to
+imply execration against the memory of Judas, wherever they may be
+used. But in the expression _Judas bell_, the greatest conceivable
+amount of _discord_ is that which is intended to be expressed.
+
+ROBERT SNOW.
+
+6. Chesterfield street, Mayfair, March 23. 1850.
+
+    [To this we may add, that the question at present pending
+    between this country and Greece, so far as regards the
+    claim of M. Pacifico, appears, from the papers laid before
+    Parliament, to have had its origin in what Sir Edward Lyon
+    states "to have been the custom in Athens for some years, to
+    burn an effigy of Judas on Easter day." And from the account
+    of the origin of the riots by the Council of the Criminal
+    Court of Athens, we learn, that "it is proved by the {358}
+    investigation, that on March 23, 1847, Easter Day, a report
+    was spread in the parish of the Church des incorporels,
+    that the Jew, D. Pacifico, by paying the churchwarden of the
+    church, succeeded in preventing the effigy of Judas from
+    being burnt, which by annual custom was made and burnt in
+    that parish on Easter Day." From another document in the same
+    collection it seems, that the Greek Government, out of respect
+    to M. Charles de Rothschild, who was at Athens in April, 1847,
+    forbid in all the Greek churches of the capital the burning of
+    Judas.]
+
+
+_Grummett_ (No. 20. p. 319.).--The following use of the word whose
+definition is sought by "[Greek: Sigma]" occurs in a description of
+the _members_ or adjuncts of the Cinque Port of Hastings in 1229:--
+
+    "Servicia inde debita domino regi xxi. naves, et in qualibet
+    nave xxi. homines, cum uno garcione qui dicitur _gromet_."
+
+In quoting this passage in a paper "On the Seals of the Cinque Ports,"
+in the _Sussex Archaeological Collections_ (Vol. i. p. 16.), I applied
+the following illustration:--
+
+    "_Gromet_ seems to be a diminutive of '_grome_', a
+    serving-man, whence the modern groom. The provincialism
+    _grummet_, much used in Sussex to designate a clumsy, awkward
+    youth, has doubtless some relation to this cabin-boy of the
+    Ports' navy."
+
+I ought to add, that the passage above given is to be found in Jeake's
+_Charters of the Cinque Ports_.
+
+MARK ANTONY LOWER.
+
+Lewes, March 18. 1850.
+
+
+_Grummett_.--Bailey explains, "_Gromets_ or _Gromwells_, the most
+servile persons on ship-board," probably, metaphorically, from
+"_Gromet_ or _Grummet_," "small rings," adds Bailey, "fastened with
+staples on the upper side of the yard." The latter term is still in
+use; the metaphorical one is, I believe, quite obsolete.
+
+C.
+
+
+_Meaning of "Grummett," &c_.--The word is derived from the Low Latin
+"_gromettus_", the original of our "groom" (see Ducange's, _Gromes_
+and _Gromus_), and answers to the old French _gourmete_, i.e.
+_garcon_. In old books he is sometimes called a "novice" or "page,"
+and may be compared with the "apprentice" of our marine. He was
+employed in waiting on the sailors, cooking their victuals, working
+the pumps, scouring the decks, and, in short, was expected to lend
+a hand wherever he was wanted, except taking the helm (Clairac,
+_Commentaire du premier Article des Rooles d'Oleron_); and,
+consequently, is always distinguished from, and rated below, the
+mariner or able-bodied seaman.
+
+The information here given is taken from Jal, _Archeologie navale_,
+vol. ii. p. 238.
+
+A. RICH, Jun.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MISCELLANIES.
+
+_The Duke of Monmouth_.--I made the following note many years ago,
+and am now reminded of its existence by your admirable periodical,
+which must rouse many an idler besides myself to a rummage amongst
+long-neglected old papers. This small piece of tradition indicates
+that the adventurous but ill-advised duke was a man of unusual
+muscular power and activity.
+
+    "On the 8th of July, 1685, the Duke of Monmouth was brought
+    a prisoner to Ringwood, and halted at an inn there. My
+    mother, who was a native of Ringwood, used to relate that her
+    grandmother was one of the spectators when the royal prisoner
+    came out to take horse; and that the old lady never failed to
+    recount, how he rejected any assistance in mounting, though
+    his arms were pinioned; but placing his foot in the stirrup,
+    sprang lightly into his saddle, to the admiration of all
+    observers."
+
+ELIJAH WARING.
+
+Dowry Parade, Clifton Hotwells, March 21. 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO PHILAUTUS.
+
+(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN_.)
+
+  Narcissus loved himself we know,
+  And you, perhaps, have cause to show
+      Why you should do the same;
+  But he was wrong: and, if I may,
+  Philautus, I will freely say,
+      I think you more to blame.
+  He loved what others loved; while you
+  Admire what other folks eschew.
+
+RUFUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Junius_.--Nobody can read, without being struck with the propriety
+of it, that beautiful passage in the 8th letter--"Examine your own
+breast, Sir William, &c. &c. &c." A parallel passage may however be
+found in _Bevill Higgons's Short View of English History_ (temp. Hen.
+VI.), a work written before 1700, and not published till thirty-four
+years afterwards:--
+
+    "So weak and fallible is that admired maxim, 'Factum valet,
+    quot fieri non debuit,' an excuse first invented to palliate
+    the unfledged villainy of some men, _who are ashamed to be
+    knaves, yet have not the courage to be honest_."
+
+I have not quoted the whole of the passage from _Junius_, as I
+consider it to be in almost every body's hands. I am collecting some
+curious, and I hope valuable, information about that work.
+
+B.G.
+
+
+_Arabic Numerals_.--Your correspondent T.S.D.'s account of a supposed
+date upon the Church of St. Brelade, Jersey, brings to my mind a
+circumstance that once occurred to myself, which may, perhaps, be
+amusing to date-hunters. Some years ago I visited a farm-house
+in the north of England, whose owner had a taste for collecting
+curiosities of all sorts. Not the least valuable of his collection
+was a splendidly carved oak bedstead, which he considered of great
+antiquity. Its date, plainly marked upon the panels at the bottom
+of the front posts, was, he told me, 1111. On {359} examining this
+astounding date a little closely, I soon perceived that the two middle
+strokes had a slight curvature, a tendency to approach the shape of an
+S, which distinguished them from the two exterior lines. The date was,
+in fact, 1551; yet so small was the difference of the figures, that
+the mistake was really a pardonable one.
+
+Is your correspondent "E.V." acquainted with the _History of Castle
+Acre Priory_, published some years ago? If my memory fails me not,
+there is a date given in that work, as found inscribed on the plaster
+of the Priory wall, much more ancient than 1445.
+
+Has the derivation of the first four Arabic numerals, and probably
+of the ninth, from the ancient Egyptian hieratic and enchorial
+characters, for the ordinals corresponding with those numbers, ever
+been noticed by writers upon the history of arithmetical notation?
+The correspondence will be obvious to any one who refers to the table
+given in the 4th vol. of Sir G. Wilkinson's _Ancient Egyptians_ (3rd
+edit.), p. 198.
+
+C.W.G.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._)
+
+McCULLOCH'S ISLES OF SCOTLAND, 4 vols. 8vo. 1824.
+
+ARNOT'S ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS.
+
+LADY MARY FOX--IDEA OF A COUNTRY HOUSE.
+
+_ODD VOLUMES._
+
+MAD. DE STAEL--CONSIDERATIONS ON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, in 3 vols.
+Vol. II.
+
+WORDSWORTH'S POETICAL WORKS, in 4 vols. Vol II.
+
+JAMES' NAVAL HISTORY, in 4 vols. Vols. II. and III.
+
+YOUNG'S ANNALS OF AGRICULTURE, Fortieth and Five remaining volumes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
+
+We are compelled to omit our usual _Notes on Books_, &c., as well as
+many interesting communications.
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday:
+so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in
+receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably
+not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive
+Copies in their Saturday parcels.
+
+T.I. (Lincoln's Inn.) We fear there are mechanical difficulties
+(besides others) to prevent our adopting the suggestion of our
+Correspondent.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LONDON LIBRARY, 12. ST. JAMES'S SQUARE.
+
+PATRON--HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT.
+
+This institution, originating in the want, so long felt, of a
+large and comprehensive Lending Library in the Metropolis, to which
+Subscribers might resort for books of a superior class to those
+supplied by the Circulating Libraries, now offers to its members a
+collection of upwards of FIFTY THOUSAND volumes, to which additions
+are constantly making, including almost every new work of interest
+and importance, either in English or Foreign Literature. Price of the
+large Catalogue already published, 5s.
+
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+Entrance Fee and Life Subscription, 26l.
+
+The Library is open every day except Sunday, from eleven to six
+o'clock.
+
+By order of the Committee,
+
+J.G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.
+
+March 9th, 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
+
+NO. CLXXII. IS PUBLISHED THIS DAY.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+  I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS.
+  II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG.
+  III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON.
+  IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.
+  V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES.
+  VI. FACTS IN FIGURES.
+  VII. THE DUTIFUL SON.
+  VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON.
+  IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE.
+  X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON.
+  XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albermarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARCHAEOLOGIA CAMBRENSIS, a RECORD of the ANTIQUITIES of WALES and its
+MARCHES, and the Journal of "THE CAMBRIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION,"
+published Quarterly. Price 2s. 6d. No. 11. New Series, will be
+published on the 1st. of April, containing Papers by J.O. Westwood,
+Rev. J. Williams, W.W. Ffoulkes, E.A. Freeman (Architecture of
+Llandaff Cathedral), &c., &c., with Illustrations by Jewitt.
+
+Also, now completed, price 11s. cloth lettered, Vol. IV., First
+Series, for 1849. Vols. II. and III. may still be had, price 11s.
+each, with numerous Illustrations on copper and wood.
+
+On the 15th of April will be published, reprinted from the ARCHAEOLOGIA
+CAMBRENSIS,
+
+NOTES on the Architectural Antiquities of the District of Gower, in
+Glamorganshire. With Illustrations on Copper. By E.A. FREEMAN, M.A.,
+late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, Author of the "History of
+Architecture," price 2s.
+
+OBSERVATIONS on the Stone of St. Cadfan, at Towyn. With an
+Illustration. By J.O. WESTWOOD, Esq., F.S.A., F.L.S., and the Rev. J.
+WILLIAMS, (ab Ithel), price 1s.
+
+DRUIDIC STONES. By the Rev. J. WILLIAMS. Price 1s.
+
+The Subscription to the Cambrian Archaeological Association is 1l.
+annually, for which Members will have forwarded to them the Journal as
+published, quarterly, and in addition, an Annual Volume of important
+antiquarian matter, and a Ticket of Admission to the General Meeting.
+
+London: W. PICKERING. Tenby: R. MASON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE ATTENTION of Readers of the NOTES AND QUERIES is respectfully
+called to Part II. for 1850 of JOHN RUSSELL SMITH'S CATALOGUE of
+BOOKS, containing 1250 articles, of an old and curious kind, marked
+at very low prices. It may be had _gratis_ on application, or sent
+by post on receipt of two postage labels to frank it. Part III. will
+be published April 13th, and will contain entirely Old Books and
+Autographs.
+
+4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published every Saturday, price 3d., or stamped, 4d., also in Monthly
+Parts. Part V. (for March), price 1s. 3d., now ready.
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men,
+Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c.
+
+The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly
+requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It contains
+communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and is circulated
+largely amongst the best class of book-buyers.
+
+In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in its columns,
+it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' Catalogues, and Lists
+of Books wanted to purchase,--features which it is believed will
+be found valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to
+Purchasers.
+
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+issued to the Trade on FRIDAY afternoon.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{360}
+
+NEW WORKS
+
+TO BE PUBLISHED IN APRIL AND MAY.
+
+I. Col. W. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY of the LANGUAGE and LITERATURE of
+ANCIENT GREECE. 3 Vols. 8vo.
+
+II. The Rev. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY of ROME under the EMPIRE. Vols. I.
+and II. 8vo.
+
+III. MODERN STATE TRIALS REVISED and ILLUSTRATED. By W.C. TOWNSEND,
+Esq. M.A. Q.C. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+IV. Mr. S. LAING'S OBSERVATIONS on the SOCIAL and POLITICAL STATE of
+the EUROPEAN PEOPLE in 1848 and 1849. 8vo.
+
+V. ESSAYS SELECTED from CONTRIBUTIONS to the EDINBURGH REVIEW. By
+HENRY ROGERS. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+VI. JAMES MONTGOMERY'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with
+Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo.
+
+VII. ALETHEIA; or, the Doom of Mythology: with other poems. By WILLIAM
+C.M. KENT. 16mo.
+
+VIII. The STATISTICAL COMPANION for 1850. By T.C. BANFIELD and C.R.
+WELD. Fcap. 8vo.
+
+IX. Mr. A.K. JOHNSTON'S NEW GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY: forming a
+complete General Gazetteer. 8vo.
+
+X. LOUDON'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA of GARDENING. New Edition (1850). Corrected,
+&c. by Mrs. LOUDON. 8vo. with 1,000 Woodcuts. *** Also in 10 Monthly
+Parts, 5s. each, from May 1.
+
+XI. LOUDON'S HORTUS BRITANNICUS. New Edition (1850). Corrected, &c. by
+Mrs. LOUDON and W.H. BAXTER. 8vo.
+
+XII. Sir W.J. HOOKER'S BRITISH FLORA. New Edit. (1850). Corrected by
+the Author and Dr. WALKER-ARNOTT. Fcap. 8vo. Plates.
+
+XIII. HEALTH, DISEASE, and REMEDY FAMILIARLY and PRACTICALLY
+CONSIDERED in RELATION to the BLOOD. By Dr. G. MOORE. Post 8vo.
+
+XIV. The ACTS of the APOSTLES: with Commentary, and Practical and
+Devotional Suggestions. By the Rev. F.C. Cook, M.A. Post 8vo.
+
+XV. The DOMESTIC LITURGY. By the Rev. THOMAS DALE, M.A. New Edition,
+separated from 'The Family Chaplain.' 4to. 10s. 6d.
+
+XVI. The FAMILY CHAPLAIN. By the Rev. THOMAS DALE, M.A. New Edition,
+separated from 'The Domestic Liturgy.' 4to. 12s.
+
+XVII. The EARL'S DAUGHTER. By the Author of 'Amy Herbert,' 'Lancton
+Parsonage,' &c. Fcap. 8vo.
+
+XVIII. PRACTICAL HORSEMANSHIP. By HARRY HIEOVER. With two
+plates--'Going like Workmen,' and 'Going like Muffs.' Fcap. 8vo. 5s.
+
+XIX. Mr. THOMAS TATE'S EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY: or, Familiar
+Introduction to the Science of Agriculture. Fcap. 8vo. with Woodcuts.
+
+XX. Dr. COPLAND on the CAUSES, NATURE, and TREATMENT of PALSY and
+APOPLEXY. Post 8vo.
+
+XXI. Sir B.C. BRODIE'S PATHOLOGICAL and SURGICAL OBSERVATIONS on
+DISEASES of the JOINTS. New Edition. 8vo.
+
+XXII. Dr. REECE'S MEDICAL GUIDE. New Edition (1850), thoroughly
+revised, corrected, and improved. 8vo. London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN,
+and LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 1st of MAY next will be published,
+
+HISTORIC RELIQUES; a Series of Representations of ARMS, JEWELLERY,
+GOLD and SILVER PLATE, FURNITURE, ARMOUR, &c. in Royal and Noble
+Collections, Colleges, and Public Institutions, &c., and which
+formerly belonged to Individuals Eminent in History, drawn from the
+originals and etched by JOSEPH LIONEL WILLIAMS.
+
+Relics of antiquity, in themselves most interesting and instructive,
+become doubly so when they have belonged to individuals whose deeds
+are chronicled in history. Who is there, "to dell forgetfulness a
+prey," who does not look with intense interest on objects connected
+with the "mighty victor, mighty lord," Edward the Third, the Black
+Prince, Henry VIII., the imperious Elizabeth, the ill-fated Mary
+of Scotland, or the unhappy Charles I.? Not only of kings, but of
+their favourites, and of the illustrious men who have shed lustre on
+the various epochs of history, are the relics most instructive and
+important.
+
+The aim of the present publication is to illustrate, by a series of
+original Drawings, the various relics which have historical interest,
+such as Armour, Dresses, Jewellery, Gold and Silver Plate, Furniture,
+&c. formerly belonging to persons celebrated in history, and which are
+still treasured up in her Majesty's collections, in the museums of the
+nobility and gentry, in colleges, halls, and public museums, &c.
+
+Some few of the relics of the past, having historical associations
+connected with them, have been represented in archaeological works; but
+it is necessary to search through many volumes to find even a limited
+number of them, and the present work would embrace a great variety
+hitherto unrepresented; at the same time, its peculiar feature, that
+every subject would be Historical, renders it a book of great novelty
+and importance. To the Historian and Antiquary the proposed series
+of Illustrations recommends itself by its character and importance;
+to the lover of ancient Art, for the beauty of most of the objects
+represented; and its claims on the general reader are the connexion
+of the Relics with the dead whose actions are the theme of history
+and romance. To the Artist these Illustrations will be of essential
+importance; and to the Manufacturer of scarcely less value, as the
+Relics themselves are, in most cases, either of exquisite beauty of
+form or striking and characteristic style, and by furnishing data,
+will enable him to carry out designs in the style peculiar to all
+periods.
+
+It is proposed to publish the Work in Monthly Parts, containing three
+Etchings drawn with the most scrupulous fidelity, and illustrative
+Vignettes beautifully engraved on Wood. The plates will be coloured,
+and the size of the Work be imperial 8vo.; a limited number in
+imperial 4to.; the subjects fully coloured, and the initial letters
+also.
+
+The Editor will be greatly obliged by communications respecting Relics
+of Historic Interest being forwarded to 198. Strand.
+
+Price 2s. 6d. each Part; to be completed in Ten Parts. Office, 198.
+Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5
+New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London;
+and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish
+of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No.
+186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 30. 1850.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday,
+March 30, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 22 ***
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