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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13199-0.txt b/13199-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8e818b --- /dev/null +++ b/13199-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1527 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13199 *** + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +No. 469.] SATURDAY JANUARY 1, 1831 [PRICE 2d. + + + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: Copied from one of the prints of last year's Landscape +Annual, from a drawing, by Prout. This proves what we said of the +imperishable interest of the Engravings of the L.A.] + + * * * * * + + +Petrarch and Arquà ; Ariosto, Tasso, and Ferrara;--how delightfully are +these names and sites linked in the fervour of Italian poetry. Lord +Byron halted at these consecrated spots, in his "Pilgrimage" through +the land of song:-- + + There is a tomb in Arquà ;--rear'd in air, + Pillar'd in their sarcophagus, repose + The bones of Laura's lover: here repair + Many familiar with his well-sung woes, + The pilgrims of his genius. He arose + To raise a language, and his land reclaim + From the dull yoke of her barbaric foes: + Watering the tree which bears his lady's name + With his melodious tears, he gave himself to fame. + + They keep his dust in Arquà , where he died; + The mountain-village where his latter days + Went down the vale of years; and 'tis their pride-- + An honest pride--and let it be their praise, + To offer to the passing stranger's gaze + His mansion and his sepulchre; both plain + And venerably simple; such as raise + A feeling more accordant with his strain + Than if a pyramid form'd his monumental fane. + + And the soft quiet hamlet where he dwelt + Is one of that complexion which seems made + For those who their mortality have felt, + And sought a refuge from their hopes decay'd + In the deep umbrage of a green hill's shade, + Which shows a distant prospect far away + Of busy cities, now in vain display'd, + For they can lure no further; and the ray + Of a bright sun can make sufficient holiday, + + Developing the mountains, leaves, and flowers, + And shining in the brawling brook, where-by, + Clear as a current, glide the sauntering hours + With a calm languor, which, though to the eye + Idlesse it seem, hath its morality. + If from society we learn to live, + 'Tis solitude should teach us how to die; + It hath no flatterers, vanity can give + No hollow aid; alone--man with his God must strive; + + Or, it may be, with demons, who impair + The strength of better thoughts, and seek their prey + In melancholy bosoms, such as were + Of moody texture from their earliest day, + And loved to dwell in darkness and dismay, + Deeming themselves predestin'd to a doom + Which is not of the pangs that pass away; + Making the sun like blood, the earth a tomb, + The tomb a hell, and hell itself a murkier gloom.[1] + + [1] Childe Harold, Canto iv. + +The noble bard, not content with perpetuating Arquà in these +soul-breathing stanzas, has appended to them the following note:-- + + Petrarch retired to Arquà immediately on his return from the + unsuccessful attempt to visit Urban V. at Rome, in the year + 1370, and, with the exception of his celebrated visit to + Venice in company with Francesco Novello da Carrara, he + appears to have passed the four last years of his life between + that charming solitude and Padua. For four months previous to + his death he was in a state of continual languor, and in the + morning of July the 19th, in the year 1374, was found dead in + his library chair with his head resting upon a book. The chair + is still shown amongst the precious relics of Arquà , which, + from the uninterrupted veneration that has been attached to + every thing relative to this great man from the moment of his + death to the present hour, have, it may be hoped, a better + chance of authenticity than the Shaksperian memorials of + Stratford-upon-Avon. + + Arquà (for the last syllable is accented in pronunciation, + although the analogy of the English language has been observed + in the verse) is twelve miles from Padua, and about three + miles on the right of the high road to Rovigo, in the bosom + of the Euganean Hills. After a walk of twenty minutes across a + flat, well-wooded meadow, you come to a little blue lake, + clear, but fathomless, and to the foot of a succession of + acclivities and hills, clothed with vineyards and orchards, + rich with fir and pomegranate trees, and every sunny fruit + shrub. From the banks of the lake the road winds into the + hills, and the church of Arquà is soon seen between a cleft + where two ridges slope towards each other, and nearly inclose + the village. The houses are scattered at intervals on the + steep sides of these summits; and that of the poet is on the + edge of a little knoll overlooking two descents, and + commanding a view not only of the glowing gardens in the dales + immediately beneath, but of the wide plains, above whose low + woods of mulberry and willow thickened into a dark mass by + festoons of vines, tall single cypresses, and the spires of + towns are seen in the distance, which stretches to the mouths + of the Po and the shores of the Adriatic. The climate of these + volcanic hills is warmer, and the vintage begins a week sooner + than in the plains of Padua. Petrarch is laid, for he cannot + be said to be buried, in a sarcophagus of red marble, raised + on four pilasters on an elevated base, and preserved from an + association with meaner tombs. It stands conspicuously alone, + but will be soon overshadowed by four lately planted laurels. + Petrarch's fountain, for here every thing is Petrarch's, + springs and expands itself beneath an artificial arch, a + little below the church, and abounds plentifully, in the + driest season, with that soft water which was the ancient + wealth of the Euganean Hills. It would be more attractive, + were it not, in some seasons, beset with hornets and wasps. No + other coincidence could assimilate the tombs of Petrarch and + Archilochus. The revolutions of centuries have spared these + sequestered valleys, and the only violence which has been + offered to the ashes of Petrarch was prompted, not by hate, + but veneration. An attempt was made to rob the sarcophagus of + its treasure, and one of the arms was stolen by a Florentine + through a rent which is still visible. The injury is not + forgotten, but has served to identify the poet with the + country, where he was born, but where he would not live. A + peasant boy of Arquà being asked who Petrarch was, replied, + "that the people of the parsonage knew all about him, but that + he only knew that he was a Florentine." + + Every footstep of Laura's lover has been anxiously traced and + recorded. The house in which he lodged is shown in Venice. The + inhabitants of Arezzo, in order to decide the ancient + controversy between their city and the neighbouring Ancisa, + where Petrarch was carried when seven months old, and remained + until his seventh year, have designated by a long inscription + the spot where their great fellow citizen was born. A tablet + has been raised to him at Parma, in the chapel of St. Agatha, + at the cathedral, because he was archdeacon of that society, + and was only snatched from his intended sepulture in their + church by a _foreign_ death. Another tablet with a bust has + been erected to him at Pavia, on account of his having passed + the autumn of 1368 in that city, with his son-in-law Brossano. + The political condition which has for ages precluded the + Italians from the criticism of the living, has concentrated + their attention to the illustration of the dead. + +Byron's visit was in 1818. Of this we may quote more on the appearance +of Mr. Moore's second volume of the Poet's Life. Meanwhile, let us add +the following graceful paper from the _Athenæum_, June 12, 1830: the +subject harmonizes most happily with the classic title of that +journal. It will be perceived that the tourist is familiar with Mr. +Prout's drawing, or the original of our Engraving. + + At Monselice we took another carriage, and dashed off to the + Euganean Hills, to visit Arquà , the last dwelling and the + burial-place of Petrarch. The road, in the feeling of M'Adam, + is antediluvian, or rather post-diluvian, for it is little + better than a water-course; but it passes through a country + where I first saw olive-trees in abundance, vines in the + luxuriance of nature, and pomegranates growing in hedges. The + situation of the little village is perfectly delightful--of + Petrarch's villa, beautiful. The apartments he occupied + command the finest view, and are so detached from the noise + and annoyances of the farm dwelling, though connected under + one roof, that I think it not impossible he made the addition. + There are four or five rooms altogether, if two little closets + of not more than six feet by three may be called rooms; yet + one of these is believed to have been his study; and in his + study, and at his literary enjoyments, he died. Every thing is + preserved with a reverential care that does honour to the + people; and his chair, like less holy and less credible + relics, is inclosed in a wire-frame, to prevent the + dilapidations of the curious. I believe these things to be + genuine. I believe in the local traditions that point out his + study, and his kitchen, and his dying chamber.--Petrarch was + all but idolized in his own time, and his fame has known no + diminution; therefore these affectionate recollections of him + have always been treasured there for the gratification of his + pilgrims, and with a becoming reverence themselves, the people + naturally set apart as sacred all that belonged to him. I have + noticed the compactness of his few rooms, and their separation + from the larger apartments--they have also a separate + communication by a small elegant flight of steps into the + garden, as you may see in Prout's drawing. If the rooms were + not an addition, and it did not suggest itself at the moment + to look attentively, I believe these little architectural and + ornamental steps to have been; and as we know he did meddle + with brick and mortar, by building a small chapel here, the + conjecture is not improbable;--it is but a conjecture, and + remains for others to confirm or disprove. + + A little wild, irregular walk runs, serpent like, all round + the garden, which, situated at the head of the valley, is shut + in by the hills--itself a wilderness of luxuriance and beauty. + It was a glorious evening, and every thing in agreement with + our quiet feeling. I am not an enthusiast, and to you I need + not affect to be other than I am; but I have felt this day + sensibly, and shall remember it for ever. Petrarch's fame is + worth the noise and nothing of all the men-slayers since Cain! + It is fame indeed, holy and lovely, when the name and + reputation of a man, remembered only for wisdom and virtue, + shall have extended into remote and foreign kingdoms with such + a sound and echo, that centuries after a stranger turns aside + into these mountains to visit his humble dwelling. It is the + verification of the prediction of Boccaccio--"This village, + hardly known even at Padua, will become famous through the + world." I do not presume to offer a eulogy on Petrarch as a + writer, but as a man. In all the relations of son, brother, + father, he is deserving all honour; and I know not another + instance of such long-continued, sincere, and graceful + friendships, through all varieties of fortune, from the + Cardinal of Cabassole, to the poor fisherman at Vaucluse, as + his life offers; including literary friendships, which, after + so many years, passed without one discordant feeling of + rivalry or jealousy, ended so generously and beautifully, with + his bequest to poor Boccaccio of "five hundred florins of the + gold of Florence, to buy him a winter habit for his evening + studies," and this noble testimony of his ability in + addition--"I am ashamed to leave so small a sum to so great a + man." + + Petrarch, in my opinion, was one of the most amiable men that + ever lived;--I know nothing about Laura, or her ten children; + I agree with those who believe the whole was a dream or an + allegory; and, I half suspect that Shakspeare thought so too, + and following a fashion, addressed his own sonnets to some + like persons; at any rate, no one knows about either much more + than I do;--certainly Petrarch's _real_ love had more real + consequences. Petrarch was a sincere Christian, without + intolerance--a sound patriot, without austerity; who neither + wasted his feelings in the idle generalities of philosophy, + nor restricted them to the narrow limits of a party or + faction;--he was just, generous, affectionate, and gentle. All + his sonnets together do not shed a lustre on him equal to the + sincere, single-hearted, mild, yet uncompromising spirit that + breathes throughout the letters of advice and remonstrance, + which, not idly or obstrusively, but under the sanction and + authority of his great name, and the affectionate regard + professed for him, he addressed to all whom he believed + influential either for good or ill; from Popes and Emperors, + to the well meaning insane tribune of Rome. + + We went after this to see his tomb, which is honourable + without being ostentatious: a plain stone sarcophagus, resting + on four pillars, and surmounted by a bust; suited to the quiet + of his life, his home, and his resting-place. I passed + altogether a day that will shine a bright star in memory; and + we wandered about there, unwilling to leave it, until long + after the ave-maria bell had tolled, and were obliged in + consequence to get a guide, and return by another road through + the marshes, where I first saw those fairy insects the + fire-flies, and thousands of them. For this we are detained + the night at Monselice, and must rise the earlier, for we have + written to ----, fixing the day of our arrival at Florence. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SILENT ACADEMY, OR THE EMBLEMS. + +FROM THE FRENCH. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +There was at Amadan, a celebrated academy, the first statute of which +was contained in these terms. "_The Academicians think much, write +little, and speak but as little as possible_." They were called "The +Silent Academy," and there was not a man of learning in all Persia but +was ambitious of being admitted of their number. Doctor Zeb, author of +an excellent little work, entitled "The Gag," understood in his +distant province that there was a vacant place in the Silent Academy. +He set out immediately, arrived at Amadan, and presenting himself at +the door of the hall, where the members were assembled, he desired the +doorkeeper to deliver to the president, a billet to this import, +"_Doctor Zeb humbly asks the vacant place_." The doorkeeper +immediately acquitted himself of his commission, but, alas! the doctor +and his billet were too late, the place had been already filled. + +The whole academy were affected at this _contretems_; they had +received a little before, as member, a court wit, whose eloquence, +light and lively, was the admiration of the populace, and saw +themselves obliged to refuse Doctor Zeb, who was the very scourge of +chatterers, and with a head so well formed and furnished. + +The president, whose place it was to announce to the doctor the +disagreeable news, knew not what to resolve on. After having thought a +little he filled a large cup with water, and that so very full, that +one drop more would have made it spill over. Then he made the sign +that they might introduce the candidate. He appeared with that modest +and simple air which always accompanies true merit. The president +rose, and without saying a word, he pointed out to him with an +afflicted air, the emblematic cup, the cup so exactly full. The doctor +apprehended the meaning that there was no room for him in the academy; +but taking courage, he thought to make them understand that an +academician supernumerary would derange nothing. Therefore, seeing at +his feet a rose leaf, he picked it up and laid it delicately on the +surface of the water, and that so gently, that not a single drop +escaped. + +At this ingenious answer they were all full of admiration, and in +spite of rules, Doctor Zeb was admitted with acclamation. + +They directly presented to him the register of the academy in which +they inscribed their names on their admission, and the doctor having +done so, nothing more remained than to thank them in a few words +according to custom. But Doctor Zeb, as a truly _silent_ academician, +thanked them without saying a word. He wrote on the margin the number +100, which was the number of his new brethren, and then placing a +cipher before the figure (0100) he wrote beneath "_Their worth is +neither less nor more_." The president answered the modest doctor with +as much politeness as presence of mind: he put the figure 1 before the +number 100, and wrote (1100) "_They are ten times what they were +before_." + +_Dorset_. COLBOURNE. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE TOPOGRAPHER. + + +TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES. + + +_Vale of Tawy--Copper Works, &c.--Coal Trade._--In our former paper[2] +we gave a description of the Vale of Tawy, as it appears by night; we +will now again revisit it. The stranger who explores this vale must +expect to return with a bad headache. We have described it as a +desolate looking place, when seen at night, but the darkness only +throws a veil over its barrenness. The face of the country, which +would otherwise have been beautiful, is literally scorched by the +desolating effects of the copper smoke; and when it is considered that +a multitude of flues are constantly emitting smoke and flames strongly +impregnated with sulphur, arsenic, &c., it is not to be wondered at. A +canal runs up the vale into the country for sixteen miles, to an +elevation of 372 feet: it is flanked near the copper-works by many +millions of tons of copper slag; and there are no less than thirty-six +locks on the line. It is a fact, that in spite of the infernal +atmosphere, a great many of the people employed in these works attain +old age. Every evil effect about Swansea, however, is ascribed to the +copper smoke. The houses in this district are remarkable for clean +exterior: the custom of whitewashing the roofs, as well as the walls, +produces a pleasing effect, and is a relief to the eye in such a +desert. There are eight large copper smelting establishments, besides +several rolling-mills, now at work; the whole country is covered with +tram-roads and coal-pits, many of which vomit forth their mineral +treasures close to the road side. At Landore, about two miles from +Swansea, is a large steam-engine, made by Bolton and Watt, which was +formerly the lion of the neighbourhood. This pumping engine draws the +water from all the collieries in the vale, throwing up one hundred +gallons of water at each stroke: it makes twelve strokes in a minute, +and consequently discharges 72,000 gallons an hour. This engine, +however, is very inferior in construction and finish to the pumping +engines of Cornwall, some of which are nearly three hundred +horsepower. At the consols mines, there are two engines, each with +cylinders of ninety inches in diameter, and everything about them kept +as clean as a drawing-room. What an extraordinary triumph of the +ingenuity of man, when it is considered that one of these gigantic +engines can be stopped in an instant, by the mere application of the +fingers and thumb of the engineer to a screw! The quantity of coals +consumed by the copper-works is enormous. We have heard that Messrs. +Vivians, who have the largest works on the river, alone consume 40,000 +tons annually: this coal is all small, and not fit for exportation. +The copper trade may be considered as comparatively of modern date. +The first smelting works were erected at Swansea, about a century ago; +but now it is calculated that they support, including the collieries +and shipping dependant on them, 10,000 persons, and that 3,000 l. is +circulated weekly by their means in this district. Till within the +last few years, there were considerable copper smelting establishments +at Hayle, in Cornwall; but that county possessing no coals, they were +obliged to be abandoned, as it was found to be much cheaper to bring +the ore to the coal than the latter to the ore. Formerly, from the +want of machinery to drain the water from the workings (copper being +generally found at a much greater depth than tin), the miners were +compelled to relinquish the metallic vein before reaching the copper: +indeed, when it was first discovered, and even so late as 1735, they +were so ignorant of its value, that a Mr. Coster, a mineralogist in +Bristol, observing large quantities of it lying amongst the heaps of +rubbish round the tin mines, contracted to purchase as much of it as +could be supplied, and continued to gain by Cornish ignorance for a +considerable time. The first discoverer of the ore was called Poder +(it long went by his name), who actually abandoned the mine in +consequence; and we find that it was for some time considered that +"_the ore came in and spoilt the tin_." In the year 1822 the produce +of the Cornish copper mines amounted to 106,723 tons of ore, which +produced 9,331 tons of copper, and 676,285 l. in money. In the same +year, the quantity of tin ore raised was only 20,000 tons. The Irish +and Welsh ores are generally much richer than those of Cornwall; but +occasionally they strike on a very rich _lode_ (or vein) in that +county. Last spring, some ore from the Penstruthal mine was ticketed +at Truro, at the enormous price of 54 l. 14s. per ton; and a short time +previous, in the Great St. George Mine, near St. Agnes, a lode was +struck five feet thick, which was worth 20 l. a ton. There are only six +other copper-works in the kingdom besides those of Swansea, five of +which are within fifteen miles of that town; the other is at Amlwch +(in the isle of Anglesea), where the Marquess of Anglesea smelts the +ore raised in his mines there. The annual import of ore into Swansea +in 1812 was 53,353 tons; in 1819, 70,256 tons were brought coastwise: +besides which, several thousand tons of copper ore are imported from +America every year. Since this period there has been a large increase. +Most of the ships which are freighted with copper ore load back with +coal, for the Cornish and Irish markets. Of bituminous, in 1812, +43,529 chalders, and in 1819, 46,457 chalders were shipped coastwise, +besides a foreign trade of about 5,000 chalders every year. Most of +this goes to France, the French vessels coming here in ballast for +this purpose; but all coal shipped for abroad must be riddled through +a screen composed of iron bars, placed three-eighths of an inch apart, +as it is literally almost dust. Great hopes are now entertained here +that government will abolish the oppressive duty on sea-borne coal. In +the stone-coal and culm[3] trade, Swansea and Neath almost supply the +whole kingdom. Independent of foreign trade, 55,066 chalders of culm +and 10,319 tons of stone-coal were shipped coastwise in 1819: last +year the ports of Swansea and Neath shipped 123,000 chalders of +stone-coal and culm. Stone-coal improves in quality as it advances +westward. That of Milford, of which however only about 6,000 chalders +are annually exported, sells generally at from 50s. to 60s. per +chaldron in the London market--a price vastly exceeding the finest +Newcastle coal. It emits no smoke, and is used principally in +lime-burning and in manufactories where an intense heat and the +absence of smoke is required. The Swansea culm is mostly obtained +about thirteen miles from the town. The bituminous coal mines in the +vale of Tawy are fast getting exhausted, and the supply of coal must +at no distant day be drawn farther westward, near the Burry River, +where the quality of the coal is much improved, approaching nearer to +that of Newcastle. The national importance of the inexhaustible supply +of this mineral which exists in Wales, is incalculable; but as it has +already been alluded to in _The Mirror_, in an extract from Mr. +Bakewell's Geology, we will not farther pursue the subject.[4] While +mentioning the trade of Swansea, we should not omit to state that two +extensive potteries, tin and ironworks, and founderies, &c., and +bonding warehouses and yards for foreign goods, &c. exist here. + +VYVIAN. + + [2] See Mirror, vol. xvi. + + [3] The small of the stone-coal. + + [4] See Mirror, vol. xii. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE ANNUALS. + + +A FRENCH GENTLEMAN'S LETTER TO AN ENGLISH FRIEND IN LONDON. + + +Ah my deer frend--I cannot feel the plaisir I expresse to come to your +country charming, for you see. We are arrive at Southampton before +yesterday at one hour of the afternoon, and we are debarked very nice. +I never believe you when at Paris, you tell me that the Englishwomen +get on much before our women; but now I agree quite with you; I know +you laughing at your countrywomen for take such long steps! My faith! +I never saw such a mode to walk; they take steps long like the man! +Very pretty women! but not equal to ours! White skins, and the tint +fresh, but they have no mouths nor no eyes. Our women have lips like +rose-buttons; and eyes of lightning; the English have mouth wide like +the toads, and their eyes are like _"dreaming sheeps,"_ as one of our +very talented writers say, "mouton qui rève." It is excellent, that. I +am not perceived so many English ladies _tipsy_ as I expect; our +General Pilon say they all drink brandy; this I have not seen very +much. I was very surprise to see the people's hair of any colour but +red, because all our travellers say there is no other hair seen, +except red or white! But I come here filled with candour, and I say I +_have seen some_ people whose hair was not red. You tell me often at +Paris, that we have no music in France. My dear friend, how you are +deceived yourself! Our music is the finest in the world, and the +German come after; you other English have no music; and if you had +some, you have no language to sing with. It is necessary that you may +avow your language is not useful for the purpose ordinary of the +world. Your window of shop are all filled at French names--"des gros +de Naples," "des gros des Indes," "des gros d'été," &c. If English +lady go for demand, show me, if you please, sir, some "fats of +Naples," some "fats of India," and some "fats of summer," the +linendraper not understand at all. Then the colours different at the +silks, people say, "puce évanouie," "oeil de l'empereur," "flammes, +d'enfer," "feu de l'opéra;" but you never hear lady say, I go for have +gown made of "fainting fleas," or "emperors' eyes," or "opera fires," +or of the "flames" of a place which you tell me once for say never to +ears polite! You also like very much our musique in England; the +street-organs tell you best the taste of the people, and I hear them +play always "Le petit tambour," "Oh, gardezvous, bergerette," "Dormez, +mes chéres amours," and twenty little French airs, of which we are +fatigued there is a long time. I go this morning for make visit to the +house of a very nice family. When I am there some time, I demand of +the young ladies, what for they not go out? One reply, "Thank you, +sir, we are always oblige for stay at home, because papa _enjoy such +very bad health_." I say, "Oh yes! How do you do your papa this +morning, misses!" "He is much worse, I am obliged to you, sir!" I bid +them good bye, and think in myself how the English are odd to _enjoy_ +bad health, and the young ladies much oblige to me because their papa +was much worse! "Chacun à son goút," as we say. In my road to come +home, I see a board on a gate, and I stopped myself for read him. He +was for say, any persons beating carpets, playing cricket, and such +like diversions there, should be persecuted. My faith! you other +English are so droll to find any diversion in beating carpets! Yet it +is quite as amusing as to play the cricket, to beat one little ball +with big stick, then run about like madmen, then throw away big stick, +and get great knock upon your face or legs. And then at cards again! +What stupid game whist! Play for amuse people, but may not laugh any! +Ah! how the English are droll! I have nothing of more for say to you +at present; but I am soon seeing you, when I do assure you of the +eternal regard and everlasting affection of your much attached +friend.--_Comic Offering_. + + * * * * * + + + +HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL. + + +We have taken a slice, or rather, _four cuts_, from Mr. Hood's +facetious volume. Their fun needs not introduction, for the effect of +wit is instantaneous. To talk about them would be like saying "see how +droll they are." We omitted the Conditions drawn up by the +Provisional Government, (the baker, butcher, publican, &c.) in our +account of the revolutionary stir, or as the march-of-mind people call +a riot, "the ebullition of popular feeling," at Stoke Pogis. Here they +are, worthy of any Vestry in the kingdom, Select or otherwise. + + "_Conditions._ + + "1. That for the future, widows in Stoke Pogis shall be allowed + their thirds, and Novembers their fifths. + + "2. That the property of Guys shall be held inviolable, and + their persons respected. + + "3. That no arson be allowed, but all bon-fires shall be burnt + by the common hangman. + + "4. That every rocket shall be allowed an hour to leave the + place. + + "5. That the freedom of Stoke Pogis be presented to Madame + Hengler, in a cartridge-box. + + "6. That the military shall not be called out, uncalled for. + + "7. That the parish beadle, for the time being, be authorized + to stand no nonsense. + + "8. That his Majesty's mail be permitted to pass on the night + in question. + + "9. That all animosities be buried in oblivion, at the Parish + expense. + + "10. That the ashes of old bon-fires be never raked up. + + " (Signed) + {WAGSTAFF, High Constable. + {WIGSBY." + + * * * * * + + +Our next quotations are two comico-serio Ballads:-- + + +FRENCH AND ENGLISH. + + "Good Heaven! why even the little children in France speak + French!" ADDISON. + + + I. + + Never go to France + Unless you know the lingo, + If you do, like me, + You will repent by jingo, + Staring like a fool + And silent as a mummy, + There I stood alone, + A nation with a dummy. + + II. + + Chaises stand for chairs, + They christen letters _Billies,_ + They call their mothers _mares,_ + And all their daughters _fillies;_ + Strange it was to hear, + I'll tell you what's a good 'un, + They call their leather _queer_, + And half their shoes are wooden. + + III. + + Signs I had to make + For every little notion, + Limbs all going like + A telegraph in motion. + For wine I reel'd about, + To show my meaning fully, + And made a pair of horns. + To ask for "beef and bully." + + IV. + + Moo! I cried for milk; + I got my sweet things snugger, + When I kissed Jeannette, + 'Twas understood for sugar. + If I wanted bread. + My jaws I set a-going, + And asked for new-laid eggs + By clapping hands and crowing. + + V. + + If I wished a ride, + I'll tell you how I got it: + On my stick astride, + I made believe to trot it; + Then their cash was strange, + It bored me every minute, + Now here's a _hog_ to change, + How many _sows_ are in it. + + VI. + + Never go to France + Unless you know the lingo; + If you do, like me, + You will repent, by jingo; + Staring like a fool, + And silent as a mummy, + There I stood alone, + A nation with a dummy. + + +THE DUEL. + +A SERIOUS BALLAD. + + "Like the two Kings of Brentford smelling at one nosegay." + + + In Brentford town, of old renown, + There lived a Mister Bray. + Who fell in love with Lucy Bell, + And so did Mr. Clay. + + To see her ride from Hammersmith, + By all it was allowed, + Such fair outsides are seldom seen, + Such Angels on a Cloud. + + Said Mr. Bray to Mr. Clay, + You choose to rival me, + And court Miss Bell, but there your court + No thoroughfare shall be. + + Unless you now give up your suit, + You may repent your love + I who have shot a pigeon match, + Can shoot a turtle dove. + + So pray before you woo her more, + Consider what you do; + If you pop aught to Lucy Bell-- + I'll pop it into you. + + Said Mr. Clay to Mr. Bray. + Your threats I quite explode; + One who has been a volunteer + Knows how to prime and load. + + And so I say to you unless + Your passion quiet keeps, + I who have shot and hit bulls' eyes + May chance to hit a sheep's. + + Now gold is oft for silver changed, + And that for copper red; + But these two went away to give + Each other change for lead. + + But first they sought a friend a-piece, + This pleasant thought to give-- + When they were dead, they thus should have + Two seconds still to live. + + To measure out the ground not long + The seconds then forbore, + And having taken one rash step, + They took a dozen more. + + They next prepared each pistol-pan + Against the deadly strife, + By putting in the prime of death + Against the prime of life. + + Now all was ready for the foes, + But when they took their stands. + Fear made them tremble so they found + They both were shaking hands. + + Said Mr. C. to Mr. B., + Here one of us may fall, + And like St. Paul's Cathedral now, + Be doom'd to have a ball. + + I do confess I did attach + Misconduct to your name; + If I withdraw the charge, will then + Your ramrod do the same? + + Said Mr. B. I do agree-- + But think of Honour's Courts! + If We go off without a shot, + There will be strange reports + + But look, the morning now is bright, + Though cloudy it begun; + Why can't we aim above, as if + We had call'd out the sun? + + So up into the harmless air + Their bullets they did send; + And may all other duels have + That upshot in the end. + + * * * * * + + +We next quote brief illustrations of the Cuts on the opposite page. It +may be observed that the articles themselves have but little _esprit_, +and that, unlike most occasions, the wit lies in the wood. + + +First is a Sonnet accompanying the cut "Infantry at Mess." + + "Sweets to the sweet--farewell."--_Hamlet._ + + + Time was I liked a cheesecake well enough; + All human children have a sweetish tooth-- + I used to revel in a pie or puff, + Or tart--we all are _tarters_ in our youth; + To meet with jam or jelly was good luck, + All candies most complacently I cramped. + A stick of liquorice was good to suck, + And sugar was as often liked as lumped; + On treacle's "linked sweetness long drawn out," + Or honey, I could feast like any fly, + I thrilled when lollipops were hawk'd about, + How pleased to compass hardbake or bull's eye, + How charmed if fortune in my power cast, + Elecampane--but that campaign is past. + + * * * * * + +"Picking his way," belongs to a day (April 17) in a "Scrape Book," +with the motto of "Luck's all:" + + "17th. Had my eye pick'd out by a pavior, who was _axing_ his + way, he didn't care where. Sent home in a hackney-chariot that + upset. Paid Jarvis a sovereign for a shilling. My luck all + over!" + + * * * * * + + +The Schoolmaster's Motto, accompanying "Palmam qui meruit ferat!" is +too long for extract. + + * * * * * + + +The chief fun of the countryman and his Pigs lies in the cut. + + * * * * * + +CUTS FROM HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL. + +[Illustration: INFANTRY AT MESS.] [Illustration: PICKING YOUR WAY.] +[Illustration: PALMAM QUI MERUIT FERAT.] [Illustration: 'I DO PERCEIVE +HERE A DIVIDED DUTY.'] + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.[5] + + [5] Abridged from the paper on Southey's Life of Bunyan, in + the last Quarterly Review. + + +Of the first appearance of this celebrated parable, Mr. Southey's +diligence has preserved the following notices:-- + + "'It is not known in what year the Pilgrim's Progress was + first published, no copy of the first edition having as yet + been discovered; the second is in the British Museum; it is + "with additions," and its date is 1678; but as the book is + known to have been written during Bunyan's imprisonment, which + terminated in 1672, it was probably published before his + release, or at latest immediately after it. The earliest with + which Mr. Major has been able to supply me, either by means of + his own diligent inquiries, or the kindness of his friends, is + that "eighth e-di-ti-on" so humorously introduced by Gay, and + printed--not for Ni-cho-las Bod-ding-ton, but for Nathanael + Ponder, at the Peacock in the Poultrey, near the Church, 1682; + for whom also the ninth was published in 1684, and the tenth + in 1685. All these no doubt were large impressions.' + + "When the astonishing success of the Pilgrim's Progress had + raised a swarm of imitators, the author himself, according to + the frequent fashion of the world, was accused of plagiarism, + to which he made an indignant reply, in what he considered as + verses, prefixed to his 'Holy War.' + + 'Some say the Pilgrim's Progress is not mine, + Insinuating as if I would shine + In name and fame by the worth of another, + Like some made rich by robbing of their brother; + Or that so fond I am of being Sire, + I'll father bastards; or if need require, + I'll tell a lye in print, to get applause. + I scorn it; John such dirt-heap never was + Since God converted him. Let this suffice + To shew why I my Pilgrim patronize. + + It came from mine own heart, so to my head, + And thence into my fingers trickled: + Then to my pen, from whence immediately + On paper I did dribble it daintily.'--p. lxxxix." + +Mr. Southey has carefully examined this charge of supposed imitation, +in which so much rests upon the very simplicity of the conception of +the story, and has successfully shown that the tinker of Elstow could +not have profited by one or two allegories in the French and Flemish +languages--works which he could have had hardly a chance to meet with; +which, if thrown in his way, he could not have read; and, finally, +which, if he had read them, could scarcely have supplied him with a +single hint. Mr. Southey, however, has not mentioned a work in +English, of Bunyan's own time, and from which, certainly, the general +notion of his allegory might have been taken. The work we allude to is +now before us, entitled, 'The Parable of the Pilgrim, written to a +friend by Symon Patrick, D.D., Dean of Peterborough;' the same learned +person, well known by his theological writings, and successively +Bishop of Chichester and Ely. This worthy man's inscription is dated +the 14th of December, 1672; and Mr. Southey's widest conjecture will +hardly allow an earlier date for Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, 1672 +being the very year in which he was enlarged from prison. The language +of Dr. Patrick, in addressing his friend, excludes the possibility of +his having borrowed from John Bunyan's celebrated work. He apologizes +for sending to his acquaintance one in the old fashioned dress of a +pilgrim; and says he found among the works of a late writer, Baker's +Sancta Sophia, a short discourse, under the name of a Parable of a +Pilgrim; 'which was so agreeable to the portion of fancy he was +endowed with, that he presently thought that a work of this nature +would be very grateful to his friends also. It appears that the +Parable of a Pilgrim, so sketched by Dr. Patrick, remained for some +years in the possession of the private friend for whom it was drawn +up, until, it being supposed by others that the work might be of +general utility, it was at length published in 1678.--Before that year +the first edition of the Pilgrim's Progress had unquestionably made +its appearance; but we equally acquit the Dean of Peterborough and the +tinker of Elstow from copying a thought or idea from each other. If +Dr. Patrick had seen the Pilgrim's Progress he would, probably, in the +pride of academic learning, have scorned to adopt it as a model; but, +at all events, as a man of worth, he would never have denied the +obligation if he had incurred one. John Bunyan, on his part, would in +all likelihood have scorned, 'with his very heels,' to borrow anything +from a dean; and we are satisfied that he would have cut his hand off +rather than written the introductory verses we have quoted, had not +his Pilgrim been entirely his own. + +Indeed, whosoever will take the trouble of comparing the two works +which, turning upon nearly the same allegory, and bearing very similar +titles, came into existence at or about the very same time, will +plainly see their total dissimilarity. Bunyan's is a close and +continued allegory, in which the metaphorical fiction is sustained +with all the minuteness of a real story. In Dr. Patrick's the same +plan is generally announced as arising from the earnest longing of a +traveller, whom he calls Philotheus or Theophilus, whose desires are +fixed on journeying to Jerusalem as a pilgrim. After much distressing +uncertainty, caused by the contentions of pretended guides, who +recommend different routes, he is at length recommended to a safe and +intelligent one. Theophilus hastens to put himself under his pilotage, +and the good man gives forth his instructions for the way, and in +abundant detail, so that all the dangers of error and indifferent +company may be securely avoided; but in all this, very little care is +taken even to preserve the appearance of the allegory: in a word, you +have, almost in plain terms, the moral and religious precepts +necessary to be observed in the actual course of a moral and religious +life. The pilgrim, indeed, sets out upon his journey, but it is only +in order again to meet with his guide, who launches further into whole +chapters of instructions, with scarcely a reply from the passive +pupil. It is needless to point out the extreme difference between this +strain of continued didactics, rather encumbered than enlivened by a +starting metaphor, which, generally quite lost sight of, the author +recollects every now and then, as if by accident--and the thoroughly +life-like manner in which John Bunyan puts the adventures of his +pilgrim before us. Two circumstances alone strike us as trenching +somewhat on the manner of him of Elstow: the one is where the guide +awakens some sluggish pilgrims, whom he finds sleeping by the way;[6] +the other is where their way is crossed by two horsemen, who insist +upon assuming the office of guide. 'The one is a pleasing talker, +excellent company by reason of his pleasant humour, and of a carriage +very pleasant and inviting; but they observed he had a sword by his +side, and a pair of pistols before him, together with another +instrument hanging at his belt, which was formed for pulling out of +eyes.'[7] The pilgrims suspected this well-armed cavalier to be one of +that brood who will force others into their own path, and then put out +their eyes in case they should forsake it. They have not got rid of +their dangerous companion, by whom the Romish church is indicated, +when they are accosted by a man of a quite different shape and humour, +'more sad and melancholy, more rude, and of a heavier wit also, who +crossed their way on the right-hand.' He also (representing, +doubtless, the Presbyterians or Sectaries) pressed them with eagerness +to accept his guidance, and did little less than menace them with +total destruction if they should reject it. A dagger and a +pocket-pistol, though less openly and ostentatiously disposed than the +arms of the first cavalier, seem ready for the same purposes; and he, +therefore, is repulsed, as well as his neighbour. These are the only +passages in which the church dignitary might be thought to have caught +for a moment the spirit of the tinker of Bedford. Through the rest of +his parable, which fills a well-sized quarto volume, the dean no doubt +evinces considerable learning, but, compared to Bunyan, may rank with +the dullest of all possible doctors; 'a worthy neighbour, indeed, and +a marvellous good bowler--but for Alexander, you see how 'tis.' Yet +Dr. Patrick had the applause of his own time. The first edition of his +Parable appeared, as has been mentioned, in 1678; and the _sixth_, +which now lies before us, is dated 1687.[8] + + [6] Parable of the Pilgrim, chapter xxx. + + [7] Ibidem, chapter xxxiv. + + [8] The Poet Laureate may, perhaps, like to hear that Dr. + Patrick introduces into his parable a very tolerable edition + of that legend of the roasted fowls recalled to life by St. + James of Compostella, of which he himself has recently given + us so lively and amusing a metrical version. + +Mr. Southey introduces the following just eulogium on our classic of +the common people: + + "Bunyan was confident in his own powers of expression; he + says-- + + --thine only way + Before them all, is to say out thy say + In thine own native language, which no man + Now useth, nor with ease dissemble can. + + And he might well be confident in it. His is a homespun style, + not a manufactured one; and what a difference is there between + its homeliness, and the flippant vulgarity of the Roger + L'Estrange and Tom Brown school! If it is not a well of + English undefiled to which the poet as well as the philologist + must repair, if they would drink of the living waters, it is a + clear stream of current English--the vernacular speech of his + age, sometimes indeed in its rusticity and coarseness, but + always in its plainness and its strength. To this natural + style Bunyan is in some degree beholden for his general + popularity;--his language is every where level to the must + ignorant reader, and to the meanest capacity: there is a + homely reality about it; a nursery tale is not more + intelligible, in its manner of narration, to a child. Another + cause of his popularity is, that he taxes the imagination as + little as the understanding. The vividness of his own, which, + as his history shows, sometimes could not distinguish ideal + impressions from actual ones, occasioned this. He saw the + things of which he was writing as distinctly with his mind's + eye as if they were indeed passing before him in a dream. And + the reader perhaps sees them more satisfactorily to himself, + because the outline only of the picture is presented to him; + and the author having made no attempt to fill up the details, + every reader supplies them according to the measure and scope + of his own intellectual and imaginative powers." + +Mr. Southey, observing with what general accuracy this apostle of the +people writes the English language, notwithstanding all the +disadvantages under which his youth must have been passed, pauses to +notice one gross and repeated error. 'The vulgarism alluded to,' says +the laureate, 'consists in the almost uniform use of _a_ for +_have_--never marked as a contraction, e.g. might _a_ made me take +heed--like to _a_ been smothered.' Under favour, however, this is a +sin against orthography rather than grammar: the tinker of Elstow only +spelt according to the pronunciation of the verb _to have_, then +common in his class; and the same form appears a hundred times in +Shakspeare. We must not here omit to mention the skill with which Mr. +Southey has restored much of Bunyan's masculine and idiomatic English, +which had been gradually dropped out of successive impressions by +careless, or unfaithful, or what is as bad, conceited correctors of +the press. + +The speedy popularity of the Pilgrim's Progress had the natural effect +of inducing Bunyan again to indulge the vein of allegory in which his +warm imagination and clear and forcible expression had procured him +such success. Under this impression, he produced the second part of +his Pilgrim's Progress; and well says Mr. Southey, that none but those +who have acquired the ill habit of always reading critically, can feel +it as a clog upon the first. The first part is, indeed, one of those +delightfully simple and captivating tales which, as soon as finished, +we are not unwilling to begin again. Even the adult becomes himself +like the child who cannot be satisfied with the repetition of a +favourite tale, but harasses the story-telling aunt or nurse, to know +more of the incidents and characters. In this respect Bunyan has +contrived a contrast, which, far from exhausting his subject, opens +new sources of attraction, and adds to the original impression. The +pilgrimage of Christiana, her friend Mercy, and her children, commands +sympathy at least as powerful as that of Christian himself, and it +materially adds to the interest which we have taken in the progress of +the husband, to trace the effects produced by similar events in the +case of women and children. + + "There is a pleasure," says the learned editor, "in travelling + with another companion the same ground--a pleasure of + reminiscence, neither inferior in kind nor degree to that + which is derived from a first impression. The characters are + judiciously marked: that of Mercy, particularly, is sketched + with an admirable grace and simplicity; nor do we read of any + with equal interest, excepting that of Ruth in Scripture, so + beautifully, on all occasions, does the Mercy of John Bunyan + unfold modest humility regarding her own merits, and tender + veneration for the matron Christiana." + + "The distinctions between the first and second part of the + Pilgrim's Progress are such as circumstances render + appropriate; and as John Bunyan's strong mother wit enabled + him to seize upon correctly. Christian, for example, a man, + and a bold one, is represented as enduring his fatigues, + trials, and combats, by his own stout courage, under the + blessing of heaven: but to express that species of inspired + heroism by which women are supported in the path of duty, + notwithstanding the natural feebleness and timidity of their + nature, Christiana and Mercy obtain from the interpreter their + guide, called Great-heart, by whose strength and valour their + lack of both is supplied, and the dangers and distresses of + the way repelled and overcome. + + "The author hints, at the end of the second part, as if 'it + might be his lot to go this way again;' nor was his mind that + light species of soil which could be exhausted by two crops. + But he left to another and very inferior hand the task of + composing a third part, containing the adventures of one + Tender Conscience, far unworthy to be bound up, as it + sometimes is, with John Bunyan's matchless parable." + + * * * * * + +'Tis necessary a writing critic should understand how to write. And +though every writer is not bound to show himself in the capacity of +critic, every writing critic is bound to show himself capable of being +a writer. + +_Shaftesbury Criticism_ + + * * * * * + + + +NOTES OF A READER. + + +LACONICS. + +(_From Maxwell. By Theodore Hook_.) + + +_Professional People_. + +None of our fellow-creatures enjoy life more than the successful +member of one of the learned professions. There is, it is true, +constant toil; but there are constant excitement, activity, and +enthusiasm; at least, where there is not enthusiasm in a profession, +success will never come--and as to the affairs of the world in +general, the divine, the lawyer, and the medical man, are more +conversant and mixed up with them, than any other human +beings--cabinet ministers themselves, not excepted. + +The divine, by the sacred nature of his calling, and the higher +character of his duties, is, perhaps, farther removed from an +immediate contact with society; his labours are of a more exalted +order, and the results of those labours not open to ordinary +observation; but the lawyer in full practice knows the designs and +devices of half our acquaintance; it is true, professional decorum +seals his lips, but _he_ has them all before him in his "mind's +eye,"--all their litigations and littlenesses,--all their cuttings, +and carvings, and contrivings. He knows why a family, who hate the +French with all the fervour of British prejudice, visits Paris, and +remains there for a year or two; he can give a good reason why a man +who delights in a well preserved property in a sporting country, with +a house well built and beautifully situated, consents to "_spare it_," +at a reduced price, to a man for whom he cares nothing upon earth: and +looks at the world fully alive to the motives, and perfectly aware of +the circumstances, of three-fourths of the unconscious actors by whom +he is surrounded. + +The eminent medical man stands, if not upon higher ground, at least in +a more interesting position. As he mingles with the gay assembly, or +visits the crowded ball, he knows the latent ills, the hidden, yet +incurable disorders of the laughing throng by which he is encircled; +he sees premature death lurking under the hectic flush on the cheek of +the lovely Fanny, and trembles for the fate of the kind-hearted Emily, +as he beholds her mirthfully joining in the mazy dance. He, too, by +witnessing the frequently recurring scenes of death, beholds the +genuine sorrow of the bereaved wife, or the devoted husband--and can, +by the constant unpremeditated exhibitions of fondness and feeling, +appreciate the affection which exists in such and such places, and +understand, with an almost magical power, the value of the links by +which society is held together. + + +_Middle Life_. + +There is more healthful exercise for the mind in the uneven paths of +middling life, than there is on the Macadamized road of fortune. Were +the year all summer, how tiresome would be the green leaves and the +bright sunshine--as, indeed, those will admit, who have lived in +climates where vegetation is always at work. + + +_Unwelcome Truth_. + +Plain speaking was Mousetrap's distinctive characteristic; his +conversation abounded in blunt truisms, founded upon a course of +thinking somewhat peculiar to himself, but which, when tried by the +test of human vice and human folly, proved very frequently to be a +great deal more accurate than agreeable. + + +_Stockbrokers_. + +"I know some of them brokering boys are worth a million on Monday, and +threepence on Thursday--all in high feather one week, and poor +waddling creturs the next." + + +_Mercantile Life_. + +A dark hole of a counting-house, with a couple of clerk chaps, cocked +up upon long-legged stools, writing out letters--a smoky +fireplace--two or three files, stuck full of dirty papers, hanging +against the wall--an almanack, and a high-railed desk, with a slit in +a panel, with "bills for acceptance" painted over it. They are the +chaps "wot" makes time-bargains--they speculate for thousands, having +nothing in the world--and then at the wind-up of a week or two, pay +each other what they call the difference: that is to say, the change +between what they cannot get, and what they have not got. + + +_The Secret Spring_. + +There are with all great affairs smaller affairs connected, so that in +the watch-work of society, the most skilful artist is sometimes +puzzled to fix upon the very little wheel by which the greater wheels +are worked. + + +"_Bad Company_." + +The subject under discussion was the great advantages likely to arise +from the establishment of the North Shields Sawdust Consolidation +Company, in which Apperton told Maxwell there were still seventy-four +shares to be purchased: they were hundred pound shares, and were +actually down at eighty-nine, would be at fifteen premium on the +following Saturday, and must eventually rise to two hundred and +thirty, for reasons which he gave in the most plausible manner, and +which were in themselves perfectly satisfactory, as he said, to the +"meanest capacity;" a saying with which it might have been perfectly +safe to agree. + + +_Love_. + +What does Sterne say? That love is no more made by talking of it, than +a black pudding would be. Habit, association, assimilation of tastes, +communion of thought, kindness without pretension, solicitude without +effort, a tacit agreement and a silent sympathy; these are the +excitements and stimulants of the only sort of love that is worth +thinking of. + + +_Brighton_. + +Brighton will be as good a residence as any other; there's nobody +there knows much of either of _you_; and the place has got so big, +that you may be as snug as you please; a large town and a large party, +are the best possible shelters for love matters. Ay, go to +Brighton--the prawns for breakfast, the Wheatears (as the Cockneys +delicately call them, without knowing what they are talking about) for +dinner, and the lobsters for supper, with a cigar, and a little +ginnums and water, whiffing the wind, and sniffing the briny out of +one of the bow-window balconies--that's it--Brighton's the place, +against the world. + + +_Murder_. + +A gentleman criminal is too rich a treat to be overlooked; and a +murder in good society forms a tale of middling life, much too +interesting to be passed over in a hurry. + + +_A Love Errand_. + +He went to look for something which he had not left there, and whither +she followed him, to assist in a pursuit which she knew went for +nothing. + + * * * * * + + + +MOORE'S LIFE OF BYRON, VOL. II. + +The publication of this work, _bonâ fide_, has not yet taken place; +but we are enabled by the aid of the _Athenæum_ to quote a page. + +The volume commences with the following powerful review of Lord +Byron's mind and fortune at the time he left England:-- + + "The circumstances under which Lord Byron now took leave of + England were such as, in the case of any ordinary person, + could not be considered otherwise than disastrous and + humiliating. He had, in the course of one short year, gone + through every variety of domestic misery;--had seen his hearth + ten times profaned by the visitations of the law, and been + only saved from a prison by the privileges of his rank. He had + alienated (if, indeed, they had ever been his) the affections + of his wife; and now, rejected by her, and condemned by the + world, was betaking himself to an exile which had not even the + dignity of appearing voluntary, as the excommunicating voice + of society seemed to leave him no other resource. Had he been + of that class of unfeeling and self-satisfied natures from + whose hard surface the reproaches of others fall pointless, he + might have found in insensibility a sure refuge against + reproach; but, on the contrary, the same sensitiveness that + kept him so awake to the applauses of mankind rendered him, in + a still more intense degree, alive to their censure. Even the + strange, perverse pleasures which he felt in painting himself + unamiably to the world did not prevent him from being both + startled and pained when the world took him at his word; and, + like a child in a mask before a looking-glass, the dark + semblance which he had half in sport, put on, when reflected + back upon him from the mirror of public opinion, shocked even + himself. + + "Thus surrounded by vexations, and thus deeply feeling them, + it is not too much to say, that any other spirit but his own + would have sunk under the struggle, and lost, perhaps, + irrecoverably, that level of self-esteem which alone affords a + stand against the shocks of fortune. But in him,--furnished as + his mind was with reserves of strength, waiting to be called + out,--the very intensity of the pressure brought relief by the + proportionate reaction which it produced. Had his + transgressions and frailties been visited with no more than + their due portion of punishment, there can be little doubt + that a very different result would have ensued. Not only would + such an excitement have been insufficient to waken up the new + energies still dormant in him, but that consciousness of his + own errors, which was for ever livelily present in his mind, + would, under such circumstances, have been left, undisturbed + by any unjust provocation, to work its usual softening and, + perhaps, humbling influences on his spirit. But,--luckily, as + it proved, for the further triumphs of his genius,--no such + moderation was exercised. The storm of invective raised around + him, so utterly out of proportion with his offences, and the + base calumnies that were everywhere heaped upon his name, left + to his wounded pride no other resource than in the same + summoning up of strength, the same instinct of resistance to + injustice, which had first forced out the energies of his + youthful genius, and was now destined to give him a still + bolder and loftier range of its powers. + + * * * * * + + "But the greatest of his trials, as well as triumphs, was yet + to come. The last stage of this painful, though glorious, + course, in which fresh power was, at every step, wrung from + out of his soul, was that at which we are now arrived, his + marriage and its results,--without which, dear as was the + price paid by him in peace and character, his career would + have been incomplete, and the world still left in ignorance of + the full compass of his genius. It is indeed worthy of remark, + that it was not till his domestic circumstances began to + darken around him that his fancy, which had long been idle, + again arose upon the wing,--both the Siege of Corinth and + Parisina having been produced but a short time before the + separation. How conscious he was, too, that the turmoil which + followed was the true element of his restless spirit may be + collected from several passages of his letters, at that + period, in one of which he even mentions that his health had + become all the better for the conflict:--'It is odd,' he says, + 'but agitation or contest of any kind gives a rebound to my + spirits, and sets me up for the time.' + + "This buoyancy it was--this irrepressible spring of + mind,--that now enabled him to bear up not only against the + assaults of others, but what was still more difficult, against + his own thoughts and feelings. The muster of all his mental + resources to which, in self-defence, he had been driven, but + opened to him the yet undreamed extent and capacity of his + powers, and inspired him with a proud confidence, that he + should yet shine down these calumnious mists, convert censure + to wonder, and compel even those who could not approve to + admire. + + "The route which he now took, through Flanders and by the + Rhine, is best traced in his own matchless verses, which leave + a portion of their glory on all that they touch, and lend to + scenes, already clothed with immortality by nature and by + history, the no less durable associations of undying song." + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + SHAKSPEARE. + + +SELDEN, + + +Towards the close of his life, was so thoroughly convinced of the +superior value of the Holy Scriptures, as to declare that the 11th, +12th, 13th, and 14th verses of the second chapter of St. Paul's +Epistle to Titus, afforded him more solid satisfaction than all he had +ever read. + +H.B.A. + + * * * * * + + +FULL-BOTTOMED WIGS. + + +The full-bottomed wigs which unfortunately envelope and cloud some of +the most distinguished portraits of former days, were in fashion +during the reigns of our William and Mary. Lord Bolingbroke was one of +the first that tied them up, with which the queen was much offended, +and said to a by-stander, "he would soon come to court in his +night-cap." Soon after, tie wigs, instead of being an undress, became +the high court dress. + +H.B.A. + + * * * * * + + +A WINDOW THE CAUSE OF A WAR. + + +When the Palace of Trianon was building for Louis XIV. at the end of +Versailles' Park, that monarch went to inspect it, accompanied by +Louvois, secretary of war, and superintendent of the building. Whilst +walking arm in arm with him, he remarked that one of the windows was +out of shape, and smaller than the rest--this Louvois denied, and +asserted that he could not perceive the least difference. Louis XIV. +having had it measured, and finding that he had judged rightly, +treated Louvois in a contumelious manner before his whole court. This +conduct so incensed the minister, that when he arrived home he was +heard to say, that he would find better employment for a monarch than +that of insulting his favourites: he was as good as his word, for by +his insolence and haughtiness he insulted the other powers, and +occasioned the bloody war of 1688. + + * * * * * + +In 1306, Bruce having taken shelter in the Isle of Arran, sent a +trusty person into Carrick, to learn how his vassals stood affected to +his cause; with instructions, that, if he found them disposed to +assist him he should make a signal at a time appointed, by lighting a +fire on an eminence near the Castle of Turnbury. The messenger found +the English in possession of Carrick, the people dispirited, and none +ready to take arms; he therefore did not make the signal. But a fire +being made about noon on the appointed spot, (possibly by accident) +both Bruce and the messenger saw it. The former with his associates +put to sea to join his supposed party; the latter to prevent his +coming. They met before Bruce reached the shore, when the messenger +acquainted Bruce with the unpromising state of his affairs, and +advised him to go back; but he obeying the dictates of despair and +valour, resolved to persevere; and attacking the English, carelessly +cantoned in the neighbourhood of Turnbury, put a number of them to the +sword, and pillaged their quarters. Percy, from the castle, heard the +uproar, yet did not sally forth against them, not knowing their +strength. Bruce with his followers not exceeding three hundred in +number, remained for some days near Turnbury; but succours having +arrived from the neighbouring garrisons, he was obliged to seek safety +in the mountainous parts of Carrick. + +C.D. + + * * * * * + + +"WILLIE WASTLE." + + +When Oliver Cromwell was at Haddington, he sent a summons to the +governor of Hume Castle, ordering him to surrender. The governor +answered, + + "That he, Willie Wastle, stood firm in his castle, + That all the dogs of his town should not drive Willie Wastle down." + +This anecdote gave rise to the amusement of Willie Wastle among +children. + + * * * * * + + +When the Irish Union was effected in 1801, the Ex-Chancellor of the +Exchequer, Sir John Parnell, was the reigning _toast_. Being one +evening in a convivial party, he jocularly said that by the Union he +had lost his _bread and butter_. "Ah, my dear sir," replied a friend, +"never mind, for it is amply made up to you in _toasts_." + + * * * * * + + +CURIOUS LEGACY. + + +_By Samuel Hawkins, Esq. to White Chapel Parish, 1804, bequeathing +£300. for performing Divine Service for ever, in the said parish +church_. + +Two guineas to be paid to Curate or Rector, for preaching a sermon on +New Year's Day, from a text mentioned in his will. To Parish Clerk +10s. 6d. to sing 100th Psalm, old version, same day. To organist 10s. +6d. for playing tune to same. To Sexton 10s. 6d. if he attend the +same; and to master and mistress of the free-school, each 10s. 6d. for +attending the charity children at the same time and place; and to the +Trustees of the school three guineas for refreshments, and to supply +as many quartern loaves to be distributed to such poor as shall attend +divine service on that day. The overplus, if any, to be given in bread +to the poor of the parish that the trustees may consider proper +objects of relief. + +JAC-CO. + + * * * * * + + +WIT AND JOKES. + + +Selden says, "Nature must be the ground work of wit and art, otherwise +whatever is done will prove but Jack-pudding's work. + +"Wit must grow like fingers; if it be taken from others, 'tis like +plums stuck upon black thorns; they are there for awhile, but they +come to nothing. + +"Women ought not to know their own wit, because they will be showing +it, and so spoil it; like a child that will constantly be showing its +fine new coat, till at length it all bedaubs it with its pah hands. + +"Fine wits destroy themselves with their own plots in meddling with +great affairs of state. They commonly do as the ape, that saw the +gunner put bullets in the cannon, and was pleased with it, and he +would be doing so too; at last he puts himself into the piece, and so +both ape and bullet were shot away together." + +"The jokes, bon-mots, the little adventures, which may do very well +(says Chesterfield) in one company will seem flat and tedious when +related in another--they are often ill-timed, and prefaced thus: 'I +will tell you an excellent thing.' This raises expectations, which +when absolutely disappointed, make the relator of this excellent thing +look, very deservedly, like a fool." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +FAT FOLKS. + + +Prince Harry and Falstaff, in Shakspeare, have carried the ridicule +upon fat and lean as far as it will go. Falstaff is humorously called +_Wool-Sack_, _Bed Presser_, and _Hill of Flesh_; Harry, a +_Starveling_, an _Eel's-skin_, a _Sheath_, a _Bow-case_, and a _Tuck_. + + * * * * * + +_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset +House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; +and by all Newsmen and Booksellers_. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13199 *** diff --git a/13199-h/13199-h.htm b/13199-h/13199-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6458487 --- /dev/null +++ b/13199-h/13199-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2256 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + + <title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 469.</title> + + <style type="text/css"> + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + .note, .footnote + {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum + {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem + {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 5em;} + + .figure + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img + {border: none;} + .figure p + + .side { float:right; + font-size: 75%; + width: 25%; + padding-left:10px; + border-left: dashed thin; + margin-left: 10px; + text-align: left; + text-indent: 0; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: italic;} + .center { text-align: center; } + --> + </style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13199 ***</div> + + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page1" name="page1"></a>[pg 1]</span> + + <h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date"> + <tr> + <td align="left"><b>Vol. XVII. No. 469.</b></td> + <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY JANUARY 1, 1831</b></td> + <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2<i>d.</i></b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + +<div class="figure" style="width:75%;"><a href="images/469-1.png"><img width="75%" src="images/469-1.png" alt="" /></a><h3>Copied from one of the prints of last year's +Landscape Annual, from a drawing, by Prout. +This proves what we said of the imperishable interest +of the Engravings of the L.A.</h3></div> +<hr /> + + +<p>Petrarch and Arquà ; Ariosto, Tasso, +and Ferrara;—how delightfully are these +names and sites linked in the fervour of +Italian poetry. Lord Byron halted at +these consecrated spots, in his "Pilgrimage" +through the land of song:—</p> +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">There is a tomb in Arquà ;—rear'd in air,</p> +<p class="i2">Pillar'd in their sarcophagus, repose</p> +<p class="i2">The bones of Laura's lover: here repair</p> +<p class="i2">Many familiar with his well-sung woes,</p> +<p class="i2">The pilgrims of his genius. He arose</p> +<p class="i2">To raise a language, and his land reclaim</p> +<p class="i2">From the dull yoke of her barbaric foes:</p> +<p class="i2">Watering the tree which bears his lady's name</p> +<p>With his melodious tears, he gave himself to fame.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">They keep his dust in Arquà , where he died;</p> +<p class="i2">The mountain-village where his latter days</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page2" id="page2"></a>[pg 2]</span> +<p class="i2">Went down the vale of years; and 'tis their pride—</p> +<p class="i2">An honest pride—and let it be their praise,</p> +<p class="i2">To offer to the passing stranger's gaze</p> +<p class="i2">His mansion and his sepulchre; both plain</p> +<p class="i2">And venerably simple; such as raise</p> +<p class="i2">A feeling more accordant with his strain</p> +<p>Than if a pyramid form'd his monumental fane.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">And the soft quiet hamlet where he dwelt</p> +<p class="i2">Is one of that complexion which seems made</p> +<p class="i2">For those who their mortality have felt,</p> +<p class="i2">And sought a refuge from their hopes decay'd</p> +<p class="i2">In the deep umbrage of a green hill's shade,</p> +<p class="i2">Which shows a distant prospect far away</p> +<p class="i2">Of busy cities, now in vain display'd,</p> +<p class="i2">For they can lure no further; and the ray</p> +<p>Of a bright sun can make sufficient holiday,</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">Developing the mountains, leaves, and flowers,</p> +<p class="i2">And shining in the brawling brook, where-by,</p> +<p class="i2">Clear as a current, glide the sauntering hours</p> +<p class="i2">With a calm languor, which, though to the eye</p> +<p class="i2">Idlesse it seem, hath its morality.</p> +<p class="i2">If from society we learn to live,</p> +<p class="i2">'Tis solitude should teach us how to die;</p> +<p class="i2">It hath no flatterers, vanity can give</p> +<p>No hollow aid; alone—man with his God must strive;</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">Or, it may be, with demons, who impair</p> +<p class="i2">The strength of better thoughts, and seek their prey</p> +<p class="i2">In melancholy bosoms, such as were</p> +<p class="i2">Of moody texture from their earliest day,</p> +<p class="i2">And loved to dwell in darkness and dismay,</p> +<p class="i2">Deeming themselves predestin'd to a doom</p> +<p class="i2">Which is not of the pangs that pass away;</p> +<p class="i2">Making the sun like blood, the earth a tomb,</p> +<p>The tomb a hell, and hell itself a murkier gloom.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> + </div> </div> + +<p>The noble bard, not content with perpetuating +Arquà in these soul-breathing +stanzas, has appended to them the following +note:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +Petrarch retired to Arquà immediately +on his return from the unsuccessful attempt +to visit Urban V. at Rome, in the +year 1370, and, with the exception of +his celebrated visit to Venice in company +with Francesco Novello da Carrara, +he appears to have passed the four last +years of his life between that charming +solitude and Padua. For four months +previous to his death he was in a state +of continual languor, and in the morning +of July the 19th, in the year 1374, +was found dead in his library chair with +his head resting upon a book. The +chair is still shown amongst the precious +relics of Arquà , which, from the uninterrupted +veneration that has been attached +to every thing relative to this great man +from the moment of his death to the present +hour, have, it may be hoped, a better +chance of authenticity than the Shaksperian +memorials of Stratford-upon-Avon.</p> + +<p>Arquà (for the last syllable is accented +in pronunciation, although the +analogy of the English language has +been observed in the verse) is twelve +miles from Padua, and about three miles +on the right of the high road to Rovigo, +in the bosom of the Euganean Hills. +After a walk of twenty minutes across +a flat, well-wooded meadow, you come to +a little blue lake, clear, but fathomless, +and to the foot of a succession of acclivities +and hills, clothed with vineyards +and orchards, rich with fir and pomegranate +trees, and every sunny fruit +shrub. From the banks of the lake the +road winds into the hills, and the church +of Arquà is soon seen between a cleft +where two ridges slope towards each +other, and nearly inclose the village. +The houses are scattered at intervals on +the steep sides of these summits; and +that of the poet is on the edge of a little +knoll overlooking two descents, and +commanding a view not only of the +glowing gardens in the dales immediately +beneath, but of the wide plains, above +whose low woods of mulberry and willow +thickened into a dark mass by festoons +of vines, tall single cypresses, and the +spires of towns are seen in the distance, +which stretches to the mouths of the Po +and the shores of the Adriatic. The +climate of these volcanic hills is warmer, +and the vintage begins a week sooner +than in the plains of Padua. Petrarch +is laid, for he cannot be said to be +buried, in a sarcophagus of red marble, +raised on four pilasters on an elevated +base, and preserved from an association +with meaner tombs. It stands conspicuously +alone, but will be soon overshadowed +by four lately planted laurels. +Petrarch's fountain, for here every thing +is Petrarch's, springs and expands itself +beneath an artificial arch, a little below +the church, and abounds plentifully, in +the driest season, with that soft water +which was the ancient wealth of the +Euganean Hills. It would be more attractive, +were it not, in some seasons, +beset with hornets and wasps. No +other coincidence could assimilate the +tombs of Petrarch and Archilochus. +The revolutions of centuries have spared +these sequestered valleys, and the only +violence which has been offered to the +ashes of Petrarch was prompted, not by +hate, but veneration. An attempt was +made to rob the sarcophagus of its treasure, +and one of the arms was stolen by +a Florentine through a rent which is +still visible. The injury is not forgotten, +but has served to identify the +poet with the country, where he was +born, but where he would not live. A +peasant boy of Arquà being asked who +Petrarch was, replied, "that the people +of the parsonage knew all about him, +but that he only knew that he was a +Florentine."</p> + +<p>Every footstep of Laura's lover has +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page3" id="page3"></a>[pg 3]</span> +been anxiously traced and recorded. +The house in which he lodged is shown +in Venice. The inhabitants of Arezzo, +in order to decide the ancient controversy +between their city and the neighbouring +Ancisa, where Petrarch was +carried when seven months old, and remained +until his seventh year, have designated +by a long inscription the spot +where their great fellow citizen was +born. A tablet has been raised to him +at Parma, in the chapel of St. Agatha, +at the cathedral, because he was archdeacon +of that society, and was only +snatched from his intended sepulture in +their church by a <i>foreign</i> death. Another +tablet with a bust has been erected +to him at Pavia, on account of his having +passed the autumn of 1368 in that city, +with his son-in-law Brossano. The +political condition which has for ages +precluded the Italians from the criticism +of the living, has concentrated their attention +to the illustration of the dead. +</p></blockquote> + +<p>Byron's visit was in 1818. Of this +we may quote more on the appearance +of Mr. Moore's second volume of the +Poet's Life. Meanwhile, let us add the +following graceful paper from the +<i>Athenæum</i>, June 12, 1830: the subject +harmonizes most happily with the classic +title of that journal. It will be perceived +that the tourist is familiar with +Mr. Prout's drawing, or the original of +our Engraving.</p> + +<blockquote><p> +At Monselice we took another carriage, +and dashed off to the Euganean +Hills, to visit Arquà , the last dwelling +and the burial-place of Petrarch. The +road, in the feeling of M'Adam, is antediluvian, +or rather post-diluvian, for it is +little better than a water-course; but it +passes through a country where I first +saw olive-trees in abundance, vines in +the luxuriance of nature, and pomegranates +growing in hedges. The situation +of the little village is perfectly delightful—of +Petrarch's villa, beautiful. +The apartments he occupied command +the finest view, and are so detached from +the noise and annoyances of the farm +dwelling, though connected under one +roof, that I think it not impossible he +made the addition. There are four or +five rooms altogether, if two little closets +of not more than six feet by three may +be called rooms; yet one of these is +believed to have been his study; and in +his study, and at his literary enjoyments, +he died. Every thing is preserved with +a reverential care that does honour to +the people; and his chair, like less holy +and less credible relics, is inclosed in a +wire-frame, to prevent the dilapidations +of the curious. I believe these things +to be genuine. I believe in the local +traditions that point out his study, and +his kitchen, and his dying chamber.—Petrarch +was all but idolized in his own +time, and his fame has known no diminution; +therefore these affectionate recollections +of him have always been +treasured there for the gratification of +his pilgrims, and with a becoming reverence +themselves, the people naturally +set apart as sacred all that belonged to +him. I have noticed the compactness +of his few rooms, and their separation +from the larger apartments—they have +also a separate communication by a +small elegant flight of steps into the +garden, as you may see in Prout's drawing. +If the rooms were not an addition, +and it did not suggest itself at the +moment to look attentively, I believe +these little architectural and ornamental +steps to have been; and as we know he +did meddle with brick and mortar, by +building a small chapel here, the conjecture +is not improbable;—it is but a +conjecture, and remains for others to +confirm or disprove.</p> + +<p>A little wild, irregular walk runs, serpent +like, all round the garden, which, +situated at the head of the valley, is +shut in by the hills—itself a wilderness +of luxuriance and beauty. It was a +glorious evening, and every thing in +agreement with our quiet feeling. I +am not an enthusiast, and to you I need +not affect to be other than I am; but I +have felt this day sensibly, and shall remember +it for ever. Petrarch's fame is +worth the noise and nothing of all the +men-slayers since Cain! It is fame +indeed, holy and lovely, when the name +and reputation of a man, remembered +only for wisdom and virtue, shall have +extended into remote and foreign kingdoms +with such a sound and echo, that +centuries after a stranger turns aside +into these mountains to visit his humble +dwelling. It is the verification of the +prediction of Boccaccio—"This village, +hardly known even at Padua, will become +famous through the world." I do not +presume to offer a eulogy on Petrarch +as a writer, but as a man. In all the +relations of son, brother, father, he is +deserving all honour; and I know not +another instance of such long-continued, +sincere, and graceful friendships, through +all varieties of fortune, from the Cardinal +of Cabassole, to the poor fisherman +at Vaucluse, as his life offers; including +literary friendships, which, after so many +years, passed without one discordant +feeling of rivalry or jealousy, ended so +generously and beautifully, with his +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page4" id="page4"></a>[pg 4]</span> +bequest to poor Boccaccio of "five hundred +florins of the gold of Florence, to +buy him a winter habit for his evening +studies," and this noble testimony of his +ability in addition—"I am ashamed to +leave so small a sum to so great a man."</p> + +<p>Petrarch, in my opinion, was one of +the most amiable men that ever lived;—I +know nothing about Laura, or her ten +children; I agree with those who believe +the whole was a dream or an allegory; +and, I half suspect that Shakspeare +thought so too, and following a fashion, +addressed his own sonnets to some like +persons; at any rate, no one knows +about either much more than I do;—certainly +Petrarch's <i>real</i> love had more +real consequences. Petrarch was a sincere +Christian, without intolerance—a +sound patriot, without austerity; who +neither wasted his feelings in the idle +generalities of philosophy, nor restricted +them to the narrow limits of a party or +faction;—he was just, generous, affectionate, +and gentle. All his sonnets +together do not shed a lustre on him +equal to the sincere, single-hearted, +mild, yet uncompromising spirit that +breathes throughout the letters of advice +and remonstrance, which, not idly +or obstrusively, but under the sanction +and authority of his great name, and the +affectionate regard professed for him, +he addressed to all whom he believed +influential either for good or ill; from +Popes and Emperors, to the well meaning +insane tribune of Rome.</p> + +<p>We went after this to see his tomb, +which is honourable without being ostentatious: +a plain stone sarcophagus, +resting on four pillars, and surmounted +by a bust; suited to the quiet of his life, +his home, and his resting-place. I +passed altogether a day that will shine +a bright star in memory; and we wandered +about there, unwilling to leave it, +until long after the ave-maria bell had +tolled, and were obliged in consequence +to get a guide, and return by another +road through the marshes, where I first +saw those fairy insects the fire-flies, and +thousands of them. For this we are +detained the night at Monselice, and +must rise the earlier, for we have written +to ——, fixing the day of our arrival +at Florence. +</p></blockquote> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>THE SILENT ACADEMY, OR +THE EMBLEMS. </h3> + +<h3>FROM THE FRENCH.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + + +<p>There was at Amadan, a celebrated +academy, the first statute of which was +contained in these terms. "<i>The Academicians +think much, write little, and +speak but as little as possible</i>." They +were called "The Silent Academy," +and there was not a man of learning in +all Persia but was ambitious of being admitted +of their number. Doctor Zeb, +author of an excellent little work, entitled +"The Gag," understood in his +distant province that there was a vacant +place in the Silent Academy. He set +out immediately, arrived at Amadan, +and presenting himself at the door of +the hall, where the members were assembled, +he desired the doorkeeper to +deliver to the president, a billet to this +import, "<i>Doctor Zeb humbly asks the +vacant place</i>." The doorkeeper immediately +acquitted himself of his commission, +but, alas! the doctor and his billet +were too late, the place had been already +filled.</p> + +<p>The whole academy were affected at +this <i>contretems</i>; they had received a +little before, as member, a court wit, +whose eloquence, light and lively, was +the admiration of the populace, and saw +themselves obliged to refuse Doctor Zeb, +who was the very scourge of chatterers, +and with a head so well formed and furnished.</p> + +<p>The president, whose place it was to +announce to the doctor the disagreeable +news, knew not what to resolve on. +After having thought a little he filled a +large cup with water, and that so very +full, that one drop more would have +made it spill over. Then he made the +sign that they might introduce the candidate. +He appeared with that modest +and simple air which always accompanies +true merit. The president rose, +and without saying a word, he pointed +out to him with an afflicted air, the +emblematic cup, the cup so exactly full. +The doctor apprehended the meaning +that there was no room for him in +the academy; but taking courage, he +thought to make them understand that +an academician supernumerary would +derange nothing. Therefore, seeing at +his feet a rose leaf, he picked it up and +laid it delicately on the surface of the +water, and that so gently, that not a +single drop escaped.</p> + +<p>At this ingenious answer they were +all full of admiration, and in spite of +rules, Doctor Zeb was admitted with +acclamation.</p> + +<p>They directly presented to him the +register of the academy in which they +inscribed their names on their admission, +and the doctor having done so, nothing +more remained than to thank them in a +few words according to custom. But +Doctor Zeb, as a truly <i>silent</i> academician, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page5" id="page5"></a>[pg 5]</span> +thanked them without saying a +word. He wrote on the margin the +number 100, which was the number of +his new brethren, and then placing a +cipher before the figure (0100) he wrote +beneath "<i>Their worth is neither less +nor more</i>." The president answered +the modest doctor with as much politeness +as presence of mind: he put the +figure 1 before the number 100, and +wrote (1100) "<i>They are ten times what +they were before</i>."</p> + +<h4><i>Dorset</i>.</h4> + +<h4>COLBOURNE.</h4> + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>The Topographer.</h2> + + +<h3>TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES.</h3> + + +<p><i>Vale of Tawy—Copper Works, &c.—Coal +Trade.</i>—In our former paper<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> we +gave a description of the Vale of Tawy, +as it appears by night; we will now +again revisit it. The stranger who explores +this vale must expect to return +with a bad headache. We have described +it as a desolate looking place, when seen +at night, but the darkness only throws a +veil over its barrenness. The face of +the country, which would otherwise have +been beautiful, is literally scorched by +the desolating effects of the copper +smoke; and when it is considered that +a multitude of flues are constantly emitting +smoke and flames strongly impregnated +with sulphur, arsenic, &c., it is +not to be wondered at. A canal runs +up the vale into the country for sixteen +miles, to an elevation of 372 feet: it is +flanked near the copper-works by many +millions of tons of copper slag; and +there are no less than thirty-six locks on +the line. It is a fact, that in spite of +the infernal atmosphere, a great many +of the people employed in these works +attain old age. Every evil effect about +Swansea, however, is ascribed to the +copper smoke. The houses in this district +are remarkable for clean exterior: +the custom of whitewashing the roofs, +as well as the walls, produces a pleasing +effect, and is a relief to the eye in such +a desert. There are eight large copper +smelting establishments, besides several +rolling-mills, now at work; the whole +country is covered with tram-roads and +coal-pits, many of which vomit forth +their mineral treasures close to the road +side. At Landore, about two miles from +Swansea, is a large steam-engine, made +by Bolton and Watt, which was formerly +the lion of the neighbourhood. This +pumping engine draws the water from all +the collieries in the vale, throwing up one +hundred gallons of water at each stroke: +it makes twelve strokes in a minute, and +consequently discharges 72,000 gallons +an hour. This engine, however, is very +inferior in construction and finish to the +pumping engines of Cornwall, some of +which are nearly three hundred horsepower. +At the consols mines, there are +two engines, each with cylinders of ninety +inches in diameter, and everything about +them kept as clean as a drawing-room. +What an extraordinary triumph of the +ingenuity of man, when it is considered +that one of these gigantic engines can be +stopped in an instant, by the mere application +of the fingers and thumb of +the engineer to a screw! The quantity +of coals consumed by the copper-works +is enormous. We have heard that +Messrs. Vivians, who have the largest +works on the river, alone consume +40,000 tons annually: this coal is all +small, and not fit for exportation. The +copper trade may be considered as comparatively +of modern date. The first +smelting works were erected at Swansea, +about a century ago; but now it is calculated +that they support, including the +collieries and shipping dependant on +them, 10,000 persons, and that 3,000<i>l.</i> +is circulated weekly by their means in +this district. Till within the last few +years, there were considerable copper +smelting establishments at Hayle, in +Cornwall; but that county possessing +no coals, they were obliged to be abandoned, +as it was found to be much +cheaper to bring the ore to the coal than +the latter to the ore. Formerly, from +the want of machinery to drain the +water from the workings (copper being +generally found at a much greater depth +than tin), the miners were compelled to +relinquish the metallic vein before reaching +the copper: indeed, when it was +first discovered, and even so late as 1735, +they were so ignorant of its value, that +a Mr. Coster, a mineralogist in Bristol, +observing large quantities of it lying +amongst the heaps of rubbish round the +tin mines, contracted to purchase as +much of it as could be supplied, and +continued to gain by Cornish ignorance +for a considerable time. The first discoverer +of the ore was called Poder (it +long went by his name), who actually +abandoned the mine in consequence; +and we find that it was for some time +considered that "<i>the ore came in and +spoilt the tin</i>." In the year 1822 the +produce of the Cornish copper mines +amounted to 106,723 tons of ore, which +produced 9,331 tons of copper, and +676,285<i>l.</i> in money. In the same year, +the quantity of tin ore raised was only +20,000 tons. The Irish and Welsh ores +are generally much richer than those of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page6" id="page6"></a>[pg 6]</span> +Cornwall; but occasionally they strike +on a very rich <i>lode</i> (or vein) in that +county. Last spring, some ore from +the Penstruthal mine was ticketed at +Truro, at the enormous price of 54<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> +per ton; and a short time previous, in +the Great St. George Mine, near St. +Agnes, a lode was struck five feet thick, +which was worth 20<i>l.</i> a ton. There are +only six other copper-works in the kingdom +besides those of Swansea, five of +which are within fifteen miles of that +town; the other is at Amlwch (in the +isle of Anglesea), where the Marquess of +Anglesea smelts the ore raised in his +mines there. The annual import of ore +into Swansea in 1812 was 53,353 tons; +in 1819, 70,256 tons were brought coastwise: +besides which, several thousand +tons of copper ore are imported from +America every year. Since this period +there has been a large increase. Most +of the ships which are freighted with +copper ore load back with coal, for the +Cornish and Irish markets. Of bituminous, +in 1812, 43,529 chalders, and in +1819, 46,457 chalders were shipped +coastwise, besides a foreign trade of +about 5,000 chalders every year. Most +of this goes to France, the French vessels +coming here in ballast for this purpose; +but all coal shipped for abroad +must be riddled through a screen composed +of iron bars, placed three-eighths +of an inch apart, as it is literally almost +dust. Great hopes are now entertained +here that government will abolish the +oppressive duty on sea-borne coal. In +the stone-coal and culm<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> trade, Swansea +and Neath almost supply the whole +kingdom. Independent of foreign trade, +55,066 chalders of culm and 10,319 tons +of stone-coal were shipped coastwise in +1819: last year the ports of Swansea +and Neath shipped 123,000 chalders of +stone-coal and culm. Stone-coal improves +in quality as it advances westward. +That of Milford, of which however +only about 6,000 chalders are +annually exported, sells generally at +from 50<i>s.</i> to 60<i>s.</i> per chaldron in the +London market—a price vastly exceeding +the finest Newcastle coal. It emits +no smoke, and is used principally in +lime-burning and in manufactories where +an intense heat and the absence of smoke +is required. The Swansea culm is mostly +obtained about thirteen miles from the +town. The bituminous coal mines in +the vale of Tawy are fast getting exhausted, +and the supply of coal must at +no distant day be drawn farther westward, +near the Burry River, where the +quality of the coal is much improved, +approaching nearer to that of Newcastle. +The national importance of the +inexhaustible supply of this mineral +which exists in Wales, is incalculable; +but as it has already been alluded to in +<i>The Mirror</i>, in an extract from Mr. +Bakewell's Geology, we will not farther +pursue the subject.<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> While mentioning +the trade of Swansea, we should not +omit to state that two extensive potteries, +tin and ironworks, and founderies, +&c., and bonding warehouses and yards +for foreign goods, &c. exist here.</p> + +<h4>VYVIAN.</h4> + + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>Spirit Of The Annuals.</h2> + +<h3>A FRENCH GENTLEMAN'S LETTER TO AN +ENGLISH FRIEND IN LONDON.</h3> + + +<p>Ah my deer frend—I cannot feel the +plaisir I expresse to come to your country +charming, for you see. We are arrive +at Southampton before yesterday at +one hour of the afternoon, and we are +debarked very nice. I never believe +you when at Paris, you tell me that the +Englishwomen get on much before our +women; but now I agree quite with +you; I know you laughing at your +countrywomen for take such long steps! +My faith! I never saw such a mode to +walk; they take steps long like the man! +Very pretty women! but not equal to +ours! White skins, and the tint fresh, +but they have no mouths nor no eyes. +Our women have lips like rose-buttons; +and eyes of lightning; the English have +mouth wide like the toads, and their +eyes are like <i>"dreaming sheeps,"</i> as one +of our very talented writers say, "mouton +qui rève." It is excellent, that. I +am not perceived so many English ladies +<i>tipsy</i> as I expect; our General Pilon +say they all drink brandy; this I have +not seen very much. I was very surprise +to see the people's hair of any colour +but red, because all our travellers say +there is no other hair seen, except red +or white! But I come here filled with +candour, and I say I <i>have seen some</i> people +whose hair was not red. You tell +me often at Paris, that we have no music +in France. My dear friend, how you +are deceived yourself! Our music is +the finest in the world, and the German +come after; you other English have no +music; and if you had some, you have +no language to sing with. It is necessary +that you may avow your language is not +useful for the purpose ordinary of the +world. Your window of shop are all +filled at French names—"des gros de +Naples," "des gros des Indes," "des +gros d'été," &c. If English lady go for +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page7" id="page7"></a>[pg 7]</span> +demand, show me, if you please, sir, +some "fats of Naples," some "fats of +India," and some "fats of summer," +the linendraper not understand at all. +Then the colours different at the silks, +people say, "puce évanouie," "oeil de +l'empereur," "flammes, d'enfer," "feu +de l'opéra;" but you never hear lady +say, I go for have gown made of "fainting +fleas," or "emperors' eyes," or +"opera fires," or of the "flames" of a +place which you tell me once for say +never to ears polite! You also like very +much our musique in England; the +street-organs tell you best the taste of +the people, and I hear them play always +"Le petit tambour," "Oh, gardezvous, +bergerette," "Dormez, mes chéres +amours," and twenty little French airs, +of which we are fatigued there is a long +time. I go this morning for make visit +to the house of a very nice family. When +I am there some time, I demand of the +young ladies, what for they not go out? +One reply, "Thank you, sir, we are +always oblige for stay at home, because +papa <i>enjoy such very bad health</i>." I +say, "Oh yes! How do you do your +papa this morning, misses!" "He is +much worse, I am obliged to you, sir!" +I bid them good bye, and think in myself +how the English are odd to <i>enjoy</i> bad +health, and the young ladies much oblige +to me because their papa was much +worse! "Chacun à son goút," as we +say. In my road to come home, I see a +board on a gate, and I stopped myself +for read him. He was for say, any persons +beating carpets, playing cricket, +and such like diversions there, should +be persecuted. My faith! you other +English are so droll to find any diversion +in beating carpets! Yet it is quite as +amusing as to play the cricket, to beat +one little ball with big stick, then run +about like madmen, then throw away +big stick, and get great knock upon +your face or legs. And then at cards +again! What stupid game whist! Play +for amuse people, but may not laugh +any! Ah! how the English are droll! +I have nothing of more for say to you +at present; but I am soon seeing you, +when I do assure you of the eternal regard +and everlasting affection of your +much attached friend.—<i>Comic Offering</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL.</h3> + + +<p>We have taken a slice, or rather, <i>four +cuts</i>, from Mr. Hood's facetious volume. +Their fun needs not introduction, +for the effect of wit is instantaneous. +To talk about them would be +like saying "see how droll they are." +We omitted the Conditions drawn up +by the Provisional Government, (the +baker, butcher, publican, &c.) in our +account of the revolutionary stir, or as +the march-of-mind people call a riot, +"the ebullition of popular feeling," at +Stoke Pogis. Here they are, worthy of +any Vestry in the kingdom, Select or +otherwise.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"<i>Conditions.</i></p> + +<p>"1. That for the future, widows in +Stoke Pogis shall be allowed their thirds, +and Novembers their fifths.</p> + +<p>"2. That the property of Guys shall +be held inviolable, and their persons +respected.</p> + +<p>"3. That no arson be allowed, but +all bon-fires shall be burnt by the common +hangman.</p> + +<p>"4. That every rocket shall be allowed +an hour to leave the place.</p> + +<p>"5. That the freedom of Stoke Pogis +be presented to Madame Hengler, in a +cartridge-box.</p> + +<p>"6. That the military shall not be +called out, uncalled for.</p> + +<p>"7. That the parish beadle, for the +time being, be authorized to stand no +nonsense.</p> + +<p>"8. That his Majesty's mail be permitted +to pass on the night in question.</p> + +<p>"9. That all animosities be buried in +oblivion, at the Parish expense.</p> + +<p>"10. That the ashes of old bon-fires +be never raked up.</p> + +<p>" (Signed) +<span style="margin-left: 10em; display: block;">{WAGSTAFF, High Constable.</span> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">{WIGSBY."</span></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p>Our next quotations are two comico-serio +Ballads:—</p> + + +<h4>FRENCH AND ENGLISH.</h4> + +<blockquote><p> +"Good Heaven! why even the little children +in France speak French!" ADDISON. +</p></blockquote> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">I.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Never go to France</p> +<p>Unless you know the lingo,</p> +<p>If you do, like me,</p> +<p>You will repent by jingo,</p> +<p>Staring like a fool</p> +<p>And silent as a mummy,</p> +<p>There I stood alone,</p> +<p>A nation with a dummy.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">II.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Chaises stand for chairs,</p> +<p>They christen letters <i>Billies,</i></p> +<p>They call their mothers <i>mares,</i></p> +<p>And all their daughters <i>fillies;</i></p> +<p>Strange it was to hear,</p> +<p>I'll tell you what's a good 'un,</p> +<p>They call their leather <i>queer</i>,</p> +<p>And half their shoes are wooden.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page8" id="page8"></a>[pg 8]</span> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">III.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Signs I had to make</p> +<p>For every little notion,</p> +<p>Limbs all going like</p> +<p>A telegraph in motion.</p> +<p>For wine I reel'd about,</p> +<p>To show my meaning fully,</p> +<p>And made a pair of horns.</p> +<p>To ask for "beef and bully."</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">IV.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Moo! I cried for milk;</p> +<p>I got my sweet things snugger,</p> +<p>When I kissed Jeannette,</p> +<p>'Twas understood for sugar.</p> +<p>If I wanted bread.</p> +<p>My jaws I set a-going,</p> +<p>And asked for new-laid eggs</p> +<p>By clapping hands and crowing.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">V.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>If I wished a ride,</p> +<p>I'll tell you how I got it:</p> +<p>On my stick astride,</p> +<p>I made believe to trot it;</p> +<p>Then their cash was strange,</p> +<p>It bored me every minute,</p> +<p>Now here's a <i>hog</i> to change,</p> +<p>How many <i>sows</i> are in it.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">VI.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Never go to France</p> +<p>Unless you know the lingo;</p> +<p>If you do, like me,</p> +<p>You will repent, by jingo;</p> +<p>Staring like a fool,</p> +<p>And silent as a mummy,</p> +<p>There I stood alone,</p> +<p>A nation with a dummy.</p> + </div> </div> + + +<h4>THE DUEL.</h4> + +<h4>A SERIOUS BALLAD.</h4> + +<blockquote><p> +"Like the two Kings of Brentford smelling at +one nosegay." +</p></blockquote> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>In Brentford town, of old renown,</p> +<p class="i2">There lived a Mister Bray.</p> +<p>Who fell in love with Lucy Bell,</p> +<p class="i2">And so did Mr. Clay.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>To see her ride from Hammersmith,</p> +<p class="i2">By all it was allowed,</p> +<p>Such fair outsides are seldom seen,</p> +<p class="i2">Such Angels on a Cloud.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Said Mr. Bray to Mr. Clay,</p> +<p class="i2">You choose to rival me,</p> +<p>And court Miss Bell, but there your court</p> +<p class="i2">No thoroughfare shall be.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Unless you now give up your suit,</p> +<p class="i2">You may repent your love</p> +<p>I who have shot a pigeon match,</p> +<p class="i2">Can shoot a turtle dove.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>So pray before you woo her more,</p> +<p class="i2">Consider what you do;</p> +<p>If you pop aught to Lucy Bell—</p> +<p class="i2">I'll pop it into you.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Said Mr. Clay to Mr. Bray.</p> +<p class="i2">Your threats I quite explode;</p> +<p>One who has been a volunteer</p> +<p class="i2">Knows how to prime and load.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>And so I say to you unless</p> +<p class="i2">Your passion quiet keeps,</p> +<p>I who have shot and hit bulls' eyes</p> +<p class="i2">May chance to hit a sheep's.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Now gold is oft for silver changed,</p> +<p class="i2">And that for copper red;</p> +<p>But these two went away to give</p> +<p class="i2">Each other change for lead.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>But first they sought a friend a-piece,</p> +<p class="i2">This pleasant thought to give—</p> +<p>When they were dead, they thus should have</p> +<p class="i2">Two seconds still to live.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>To measure out the ground not long</p> +<p class="i2">The seconds then forbore,</p> +<p>And having taken one rash step,</p> +<p class="i2">They took a dozen more.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>They next prepared each pistol-pan</p> +<p class="i2">Against the deadly strife,</p> +<p>By putting in the prime of death</p> +<p class="i2">Against the prime of life.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Now all was ready for the foes,</p> +<p class="i2">But when they took their stands.</p> +<p>Fear made them tremble so they found</p> +<p class="i2">They both were shaking hands.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Said Mr. C. to Mr. B.,</p> +<p class="i2">Here one of us may fall,</p> +<p>And like St. Paul's Cathedral now,</p> +<p class="i2">Be doom'd to have a ball.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>I do confess I did attach</p> +<p class="i2">Misconduct to your name;</p> +<p>If I withdraw the charge, will then</p> +<p class="i2">Your ramrod do the same?</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Said Mr. B. I do agree—</p> +<p class="i2">But think of Honour's Courts!</p> +<p>If We go off without a shot,</p> +<p class="i2">There will be strange reports</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>But look, the morning now is bright,</p> +<p class="i2">Though cloudy it begun;</p> +<p>Why can't we aim above, as if</p> +<p class="i2">We had call'd out the sun?</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>So up into the harmless air</p> +<p class="i2">Their bullets they did send;</p> +<p>And may all other duels have</p> +<p class="i2">That upshot in the end.</p> + </div> </div> + +<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page9" id="page9"></a>[pg 9]</span> +<h4> CUTS FROM HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL.</h4> + +<p>We next quote brief illustrations of +the Cuts on the opposite page. It may +be observed that the articles themselves +have but little <i>esprit</i>, and that, unlike +most occasions, the wit lies in the +wood.</p> + +<p>First is a Sonnet accompanying the +cut "Infantry at Mess."</p> + +<a href="images/469-2.png"></a> +<img width="75%" src="images/469-2.png" alt="INFANTRY AT MESS" /> + + + +<blockquote><p> +"Sweets to the sweet—farewell."—<i>Hamlet.</i> +</p></blockquote> + +<p class="poem">Time was I liked a cheesecake well enough;<br /> +All human children have a sweetish tooth—<br /> +I used to revel in a pie or puff,<br /> +Or tart—we all are <i>tarters</i> in our youth;<br /> +To meet with jam or jelly was good luck,<br /> +All candies most complacently I cramped.<br /> +A stick of liquorice was good to suck,<br /> +And sugar was as often liked as lumped;<br /> +On treacle's "linked sweetness long drawn out,"<br /> +Or honey, I could feast like any fly,<br /> +I thrilled when lollipops were hawk'd about,<br /> +How pleased to compass hardbake or bull's eye,<br /> +How charmed if fortune in my power cast,<br /> +Elecampane—but that campaign is past.</p> + + + +<hr /> + +<div style="float: left;"><p><a href="images/469-3.png"></a><img width="50%" src="images/469-3.png" align="right" alt="PICKING YOUR WAY." /> +<br /> <br />"Picking his way," belongs to a day +(April 17) in a "Scrape Book," with +the motto of "Luck's all:"</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"17th. Had my eye pick'd out by a +pavior, who was <i>axing</i> his way, he +didn't care where. Sent home in a +hackney-chariot that upset. Paid Jarvis +a sovereign for a shilling. My luck +all over!" +</p></blockquote></div> + +<hr /> + + +<div style="float: right;"><p> +<a href="images/469-4.png"></a><img width="50%" src="images/469-4.png" align="left" alt="" /><br /><br />The Schoolmaster's Motto, accompanying "Palmam qui meruit ferat!" +is too long for extract.</p></div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div style="float: left;"><p><a href="images/469-5.png"></a><img width="50%" src="images/469-5.png" align="right" alt="'I DO PRECEIVE HERE A DIVIDED DUTY'" /> +<br /><br /> The chief fun of the countryman and +his Pigs lies in the cut.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page10" id="page10"></a>[pg 10]</span> + + +<h2>Spirit Of The +Public Journals.</h2> + + +<h3>BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a></h3> + + +<p>Of the first appearance of this celebrated +parable, Mr. Southey's diligence +has preserved the following notices:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"'It is not known in what year the +Pilgrim's Progress was first published, +no copy of the first edition having as yet +been discovered; the second is in the +British Museum; it is "with additions," +and its date is 1678; but as the book is +known to have been written during Bunyan's +imprisonment, which terminated +in 1672, it was probably published before +his release, or at latest immediately after +it. The earliest with which Mr. Major +has been able to supply me, either by +means of his own diligent inquiries, or +the kindness of his friends, is that +"eighth e-di-ti-on" so humorously introduced +by Gay, and printed—not for +Ni-cho-las Bod-ding-ton, but for Nathanael +Ponder, at the Peacock in the +Poultrey, near the Church, 1682; for +whom also the ninth was published in +1684, and the tenth in 1685. All these +no doubt were large impressions.'</p> + +<p>"When the astonishing success of the +Pilgrim's Progress had raised a swarm +of imitators, the author himself, according +to the frequent fashion of the world, +was accused of plagiarism, to which he +made an indignant reply, in what he considered +as verses, prefixed to his 'Holy +War.'</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>'Some say the Pilgrim's Progress is not mine,</p> +<p>Insinuating as if I would shine</p> +<p>In name and fame by the worth of another,</p> +<p>Like some made rich by robbing of their brother;</p> +<p>Or that so fond I am of being Sire,</p> +<p>I'll father bastards; or if need require,</p> +<p>I'll tell a lye in print, to get applause.</p> +<p>I scorn it; John such dirt-heap never was</p> +<p>Since God converted him. Let this suffice</p> +<p>To shew why I my Pilgrim patronize.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>It came from mine own heart, so to my head,</p> +<p>And thence into my fingers trickled:</p> +<p>Then to my pen, from whence immediately</p> +<p>On paper I did dribble it daintily.'—p. lxxxix."</p> + </div> </div> +</blockquote> + +<p>Mr. Southey has carefully examined +this charge of supposed imitation, in +which so much rests upon the very simplicity +of the conception of the story, and +has successfully shown that the tinker +of Elstow could not have profited by one +or two allegories in the French and +Flemish languages—works which he +could have had hardly a chance to meet +with; which, if thrown in his way, he +could not have read; and, finally, which, +if he had read them, could scarcely have +supplied him with a single hint. Mr. +Southey, however, has not mentioned a +work in English, of Bunyan's own time, +and from which, certainly, the general +notion of his allegory might have been +taken. The work we allude to is now +before us, entitled, 'The Parable of the +Pilgrim, written to a friend by Symon +Patrick, D.D., Dean of Peterborough;' +the same learned person, well known by +his theological writings, and successively +Bishop of Chichester and Ely. This +worthy man's inscription is dated the +14th of December, 1672; and Mr. +Southey's widest conjecture will hardly +allow an earlier date for Bunyan's Pilgrim's +Progress, 1672 being the very +year in which he was enlarged from prison. +The language of Dr. Patrick, in +addressing his friend, excludes the possibility +of his having borrowed from +John Bunyan's celebrated work. He +apologizes for sending to his acquaintance +one in the old fashioned dress of a +pilgrim; and says he found among the +works of a late writer, Baker's Sancta +Sophia, a short discourse, under the +name of a Parable of a Pilgrim; 'which +was so agreeable to the portion of fancy +he was endowed with, that he presently +thought that a work of this nature would +be very grateful to his friends also. It +appears that the Parable of a Pilgrim, +so sketched by Dr. Patrick, remained +for some years in the possession of the +private friend for whom it was drawn +up, until, it being supposed by others +that the work might be of general utility, +it was at length published in 1678.—Before +that year the first edition of the +Pilgrim's Progress had unquestionably +made its appearance; but we equally +acquit the Dean of Peterborough and +the tinker of Elstow from copying a +thought or idea from each other. If +Dr. Patrick had seen the Pilgrim's Progress +he would, probably, in the pride +of academic learning, have scorned to +adopt it as a model; but, at all events, +as a man of worth, he would never have +denied the obligation if he had incurred +one. John Bunyan, on his part, would +in all likelihood have scorned, 'with his +very heels,' to borrow anything from a +dean; and we are satisfied that he would +have cut his hand off rather than written +the introductory verses we have quoted, +had not his Pilgrim been entirely his +own.</p> + +<p>Indeed, whosoever will take the trouble +of comparing the two works which, +turning upon nearly the same allegory, +and bearing very similar titles, came into +existence at or about the very same time, +will plainly see their total dissimilarity. +Bunyan's is a close and continued allegory, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page11" id="page11"></a>[pg 11]</span> +in which the metaphorical fiction +is sustained with all the minuteness of a +real story. In Dr. Patrick's the same +plan is generally announced as arising +from the earnest longing of a traveller, +whom he calls Philotheus or Theophilus, +whose desires are fixed on journeying +to Jerusalem as a pilgrim. After much +distressing uncertainty, caused by the +contentions of pretended guides, who +recommend different routes, he is at +length recommended to a safe and intelligent +one. Theophilus hastens to put +himself under his pilotage, and the good +man gives forth his instructions for the +way, and in abundant detail, so that all +the dangers of error and indifferent company +may be securely avoided; but in +all this, very little care is taken even to +preserve the appearance of the allegory: +in a word, you have, almost in plain +terms, the moral and religious precepts +necessary to be observed in the actual +course of a moral and religious life. +The pilgrim, indeed, sets out upon his +journey, but it is only in order again to +meet with his guide, who launches further +into whole chapters of instructions, +with scarcely a reply from the passive +pupil. It is needless to point out the +extreme difference between this strain +of continued didactics, rather encumbered +than enlivened by a starting metaphor, +which, generally quite lost sight +of, the author recollects every now and +then, as if by accident—and the thoroughly +life-like manner in which John +Bunyan puts the adventures of his pilgrim +before us. Two circumstances +alone strike us as trenching somewhat +on the manner of him of Elstow: the +one is where the guide awakens some +sluggish pilgrims, whom he finds sleeping +by the way;<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> the other is where +their way is crossed by two horsemen, +who insist upon assuming the office of +guide. 'The one is a pleasing talker, +excellent company by reason of his pleasant +humour, and of a carriage very +pleasant and inviting; but they observed +he had a sword by his side, and a pair +of pistols before him, together with another +instrument hanging at his belt, +which was formed for pulling out of +eyes.'<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> The pilgrims suspected this +well-armed cavalier to be one of that +brood who will force others into their +own path, and then put out their eyes in +case they should forsake it. They have +not got rid of their dangerous companion, +by whom the Romish church is indicated, +when they are accosted by a +man of a quite different shape and humour, +'more sad and melancholy, more +rude, and of a heavier wit also, who +crossed their way on the right-hand.' +He also (representing, doubtless, the +Presbyterians or Sectaries) pressed them +with eagerness to accept his guidance, +and did little less than menace them with +total destruction if they should reject it. +A dagger and a pocket-pistol, though +less openly and ostentatiously disposed +than the arms of the first cavalier, seem +ready for the same purposes; and he, +therefore, is repulsed, as well as his +neighbour. These are the only passages +in which the church dignitary +might be thought to have caught for a +moment the spirit of the tinker of Bedford. +Through the rest of his parable, +which fills a well-sized quarto volume, +the dean no doubt evinces considerable +learning, but, compared to Bunyan, may +rank with the dullest of all possible doctors; +'a worthy neighbour, indeed, and +a marvellous good bowler—but for Alexander, +you see how 'tis.' Yet Dr. +Patrick had the applause of his own +time. The first edition of his Parable +appeared, as has been mentioned, in +1678; and the <i>sixth</i>, which now lies +before us, is dated 1687.<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a></p> + + + +<p>Mr. Southey introduces the following +just eulogium on our classic of the +common people:</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"Bunyan was confident in his own +powers of expression; he says—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10"> —thine only way</p> +<p>Before them all, is to say out thy say</p> +<p>In thine own native language, which no man</p> +<p>Now useth, nor with ease dissemble can.</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>And he might well be confident in it. +His is a homespun style, not a manufactured +one; and what a difference is there +between its homeliness, and the flippant +vulgarity of the Roger L'Estrange and +Tom Brown school! If it is not a well +of English undefiled to which the poet +as well as the philologist must repair, if +they would drink of the living waters, it +is a clear stream of current English—the +vernacular speech of his age, sometimes +indeed in its rusticity and coarseness, +but always in its plainness and its +strength. To this natural style Bunyan +is in some degree beholden for his general +popularity;—his language is every +where level to the must ignorant reader, +and to the meanest capacity: there is a +homely reality about it; a nursery tale +is not more intelligible, in its manner of +narration, to a child. Another cause of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page12" id="page12"></a>[pg 12]</span> +his popularity is, that he taxes the imagination +as little as the understanding. +The vividness of his own, which, as his +history shows, sometimes could not distinguish +ideal impressions from actual +ones, occasioned this. He saw the things +of which he was writing as distinctly +with his mind's eye as if they were indeed +passing before him in a dream. +And the reader perhaps sees them more +satisfactorily to himself, because the outline +only of the picture is presented to +him; and the author having made no +attempt to fill up the details, every reader +supplies them according to the measure +and scope of his own intellectual and +imaginative powers." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>Mr. Southey, observing with what +general accuracy this apostle of the people +writes the English language, notwithstanding +all the disadvantages under +which his youth must have been passed, +pauses to notice one gross and repeated +error. 'The vulgarism alluded to,' says +the laureate, 'consists in the almost uniform +use of <i>a</i> for <i>have</i>—never marked as +a contraction, e.g. might <i>a</i> made me take +heed—like to <i>a</i> been smothered.' Under +favour, however, this is a sin against orthography +rather than grammar: the +tinker of Elstow only spelt according +to the pronunciation of the verb <i>to have</i>, +then common in his class; and the same +form appears a hundred times in Shakspeare. +We must not here omit to mention +the skill with which Mr. Southey +has restored much of Bunyan's masculine +and idiomatic English, which had +been gradually dropped out of successive +impressions by careless, or unfaithful, +or what is as bad, conceited correctors +of the press.</p> + +<p>The speedy popularity of the Pilgrim's +Progress had the natural effect of +inducing Bunyan again to indulge the +vein of allegory in which his warm imagination +and clear and forcible expression +had procured him such success. +Under this impression, he produced the +second part of his Pilgrim's Progress; +and well says Mr. Southey, that none +but those who have acquired the ill habit +of always reading critically, can feel it +as a clog upon the first. The first part +is, indeed, one of those delightfully simple +and captivating tales which, as soon +as finished, we are not unwilling to begin +again. Even the adult becomes himself +like the child who cannot be satisfied +with the repetition of a favourite tale, +but harasses the story-telling aunt or +nurse, to know more of the incidents +and characters. In this respect Bunyan +has contrived a contrast, which, far from +exhausting his subject, opens new sources +of attraction, and adds to the original +impression. The pilgrimage of Christiana, +her friend Mercy, and her children, +commands sympathy at least as +powerful as that of Christian himself, +and it materially adds to the interest +which we have taken in the progress +of the husband, to trace the effects produced +by similar events in the case of +women and children.</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"There is a pleasure," says the +learned editor, "in travelling with another +companion the same ground—a +pleasure of reminiscence, neither inferior +in kind nor degree to that which +is derived from a first impression. The +characters are judiciously marked: that +of Mercy, particularly, is sketched with +an admirable grace and simplicity; nor +do we read of any with equal interest, +excepting that of Ruth in Scripture, so +beautifully, on all occasions, does the +Mercy of John Bunyan unfold modest +humility regarding her own merits, and +tender veneration for the matron Christiana."</p> + +<p>"The distinctions between the first +and second part of the Pilgrim's Progress +are such as circumstances render appropriate; +and as John Bunyan's strong +mother wit enabled him to seize upon +correctly. Christian, for example, a +man, and a bold one, is represented as +enduring his fatigues, trials, and combats, +by his own stout courage, under +the blessing of heaven: but to express +that species of inspired heroism by which +women are supported in the path of +duty, notwithstanding the natural feebleness +and timidity of their nature, Christiana +and Mercy obtain from the interpreter +their guide, called Great-heart, +by whose strength and valour their lack +of both is supplied, and the dangers and +distresses of the way repelled and overcome.</p> + +<p>"The author hints, at the end of the +second part, as if 'it might be his lot +to go this way again;' nor was his mind +that light species of soil which could be +exhausted by two crops. But he left +to another and very inferior hand the +task of composing a third part, containing +the adventures of one Tender Conscience, +far unworthy to be bound up, +as it sometimes is, with John Bunyan's +matchless parable." +</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> +<p>'Tis necessary a writing critic should +understand how to write. And though +every writer is not bound to show himself +in the capacity of critic, every +writing critic is bound to show himself +capable of being a writer.</p> + +<h4><i>Shaftesbury Criticism</i></h4> + +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page13" id="page13"></a>[pg 13]</span> + + + + +<h2>Notes Of A Reader.</h2> + + +<h3>LACONICS.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>From Maxwell. By Theodore Hook</i>.)</h4> + + +<p class="center"><i>Professional People</i>.</p> + +<p>None of our fellow-creatures enjoy life +more than the successful member of one +of the learned professions. There is, it +is true, constant toil; but there are +constant excitement, activity, and enthusiasm; +at least, where there is not +enthusiasm in a profession, success will +never come—and as to the affairs of the +world in general, the divine, the lawyer, +and the medical man, are more conversant +and mixed up with them, than +any other human beings—cabinet ministers +themselves, not excepted.</p> + +<p>The divine, by the sacred nature of +his calling, and the higher character of +his duties, is, perhaps, farther removed +from an immediate contact with society; +his labours are of a more exalted order, +and the results of those labours not open +to ordinary observation; but the lawyer +in full practice knows the designs and +devices of half our acquaintance; it is +true, professional decorum seals his +lips, but <i>he</i> has them all before him in +his "mind's eye,"—all their litigations +and littlenesses,—all their cuttings, and +carvings, and contrivings. He knows +why a family, who hate the French with +all the fervour of British prejudice, visits +Paris, and remains there for a year or +two; he can give a good reason why +a man who delights in a well preserved +property in a sporting country, with a +house well built and beautifully situated, +consents to "<i>spare it</i>," at a reduced +price, to a man for whom he cares +nothing upon earth: and looks at the +world fully alive to the motives, and perfectly +aware of the circumstances, of +three-fourths of the unconscious actors +by whom he is surrounded.</p> + +<p>The eminent medical man stands, if +not upon higher ground, at least in a +more interesting position. As he mingles +with the gay assembly, or visits the +crowded ball, he knows the latent ills, +the hidden, yet incurable disorders of +the laughing throng by which he is encircled; +he sees premature death lurking +under the hectic flush on the cheek +of the lovely Fanny, and trembles for the +fate of the kind-hearted Emily, as he +beholds her mirthfully joining in the +mazy dance. He, too, by witnessing +the frequently recurring scenes of death, +beholds the genuine sorrow of the bereaved +wife, or the devoted husband—and +can, by the constant unpremeditated +exhibitions of fondness and feeling, appreciate +the affection which exists in +such and such places, and understand, +with an almost magical power, the value +of the links by which society is held +together.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Middle Life</i>.</p> + +<p>There is more healthful exercise for +the mind in the uneven paths of middling +life, than there is on the Macadamized +road of fortune. Were the year all summer, +how tiresome would be the green +leaves and the bright sunshine—as, indeed, +those will admit, who have lived +in climates where vegetation is always at +work.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Unwelcome Truth</i>.</p> + +<p>Plain speaking was Mousetrap's distinctive +characteristic; his conversation +abounded in blunt truisms, founded upon +a course of thinking somewhat peculiar +to himself, but which, when tried by the +test of human vice and human folly, +proved very frequently to be a great deal +more accurate than agreeable.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Stockbrokers</i>.</p> + +<p>"I know some of them brokering boys +are worth a million on Monday, and +threepence on Thursday—all in high +feather one week, and poor waddling +creturs the next."</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Mercantile Life</i>.</p> + +<p>A dark hole of a counting-house, with +a couple of clerk chaps, cocked up upon +long-legged stools, writing out letters—a +smoky fireplace—two or three files, +stuck full of dirty papers, hanging +against the wall—an almanack, and a +high-railed desk, with a slit in a panel, +with "bills for acceptance" painted +over it. They are the chaps "wot" +makes time-bargains—they speculate +for thousands, having nothing in the +world—and then at the wind-up of a +week or two, pay each other what they +call the difference: that is to say, the +change between what they cannot get, +and what they have not got.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>The Secret Spring</i>.</p> + +<p>There are with all great affairs smaller +affairs connected, so that in the watch-work +of society, the most skilful artist +is sometimes puzzled to fix upon the +very little wheel by which the greater +wheels are worked.</p> + + +<p class="center">"<i>Bad Company</i>."</p> + +<p>The subject under discussion was the +great advantages likely to arise from the +establishment of the North Shields Sawdust +Consolidation Company, in which +Apperton told Maxwell there were still +seventy-four shares to be purchased: +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page14" id="page14"></a>[pg 14]</span> +they were hundred pound shares, and +were actually down at eighty-nine, +would be at fifteen premium on the following +Saturday, and must eventually +rise to two hundred and thirty, for reasons +which he gave in the most plausible +manner, and which were in themselves +perfectly satisfactory, as he said, to the +"meanest capacity;" a saying with +which it might have been perfectly safe +to agree.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Love</i>.</p> + +<p>What does Sterne say? That love is no +more made by talking of it, than a black +pudding would be. Habit, association, +assimilation of tastes, communion of +thought, kindness without pretension, +solicitude without effort, a tacit agreement +and a silent sympathy; these are +the excitements and stimulants of the +only sort of love that is worth thinking +of.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Brighton</i>.</p> + +<p>Brighton will be as good a residence +as any other; there's nobody there +knows much of either of <i>you</i>; and the +place has got so big, that you may be as +snug as you please; a large town and +a large party, are the best possible shelters +for love matters. Ay, go to Brighton—the +prawns for breakfast, the +Wheatears (as the Cockneys delicately +call them, without knowing what they +are talking about) for dinner, and the +lobsters for supper, with a cigar, and a +little ginnums and water, whiffing the +wind, and sniffing the briny out of one of +the bow-window balconies—that's it—Brighton's +the place, against the world.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Murder</i>.</p> + +<p>A gentleman criminal is too rich a +treat to be overlooked; and a murder in +good society forms a tale of middling +life, much too interesting to be passed +over in a hurry.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>A Love Errand</i>.</p> + +<p>He went to look for something which +he had not left there, and whither she +followed him, to assist in a pursuit which +she knew went for nothing.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MOORE'S LIFE OF BYRON, VOL. II.</h3> + +<p>The publication of this work, <i>bonâ fide</i>, +has not yet taken place; but we are +enabled by the aid of the <i>Athenæum</i> to +quote a page.</p> + +<p>The volume commences with the following +powerful review of Lord Byron's +mind and fortune at the time he left +England:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"The circumstances under which +Lord Byron now took leave of England +were such as, in the case of any ordinary +person, could not be considered +otherwise than disastrous and humiliating. +He had, in the course of one +short year, gone through every variety +of domestic misery;—had seen his +hearth ten times profaned by the visitations +of the law, and been only saved +from a prison by the privileges of his +rank. He had alienated (if, indeed, +they had ever been his) the affections of +his wife; and now, rejected by her, and +condemned by the world, was betaking +himself to an exile which had not even +the dignity of appearing voluntary, as +the excommunicating voice of society +seemed to leave him no other resource. +Had he been of that class of unfeeling +and self-satisfied natures from whose +hard surface the reproaches of others +fall pointless, he might have found in +insensibility a sure refuge against reproach; +but, on the contrary, the same +sensitiveness that kept him so awake to +the applauses of mankind rendered him, +in a still more intense degree, alive to +their censure. Even the strange, perverse +pleasures which he felt in painting +himself unamiably to the world did +not prevent him from being both startled +and pained when the world took him at +his word; and, like a child in a mask +before a looking-glass, the dark semblance +which he had half in sport, put +on, when reflected back upon him from +the mirror of public opinion, shocked +even himself.</p> + +<p>"Thus surrounded by vexations, and +thus deeply feeling them, it is not too +much to say, that any other spirit but +his own would have sunk under the +struggle, and lost, perhaps, irrecoverably, +that level of self-esteem which +alone affords a stand against the shocks +of fortune. But in him,—furnished as +his mind was with reserves of strength, +waiting to be called out,—the very intensity +of the pressure brought relief +by the proportionate reaction which it +produced. Had his transgressions and +frailties been visited with no more than +their due portion of punishment, there +can be little doubt that a very different +result would have ensued. Not only +would such an excitement have been insufficient +to waken up the new energies +still dormant in him, but that consciousness +of his own errors, which was for +ever livelily present in his mind, would, +under such circumstances, have been +left, undisturbed by any unjust provocation, +to work its usual softening and, +perhaps, humbling influences on his +spirit. But,—luckily, as it proved, for +the further triumphs of his genius,—no +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page15" id="page15"></a>[pg 15]</span> +such moderation was exercised. The +storm of invective raised around him, +so utterly out of proportion with his +offences, and the base calumnies that +were everywhere heaped upon his name, +left to his wounded pride no other resource +than in the same summoning up +of strength, the same instinct of resistance +to injustice, which had first forced +out the energies of his youthful genius, +and was now destined to give him a still +bolder and loftier range of its powers.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p>"But the greatest of his trials, as +well as triumphs, was yet to come. +The last stage of this painful, though +glorious, course, in which fresh power +was, at every step, wrung from out of +his soul, was that at which we are now +arrived, his marriage and its results,—without +which, dear as was the price +paid by him in peace and character, +his career would have been incomplete, +and the world still left in ignorance of +the full compass of his genius. It is +indeed worthy of remark, that it was +not till his domestic circumstances began +to darken around him that his +fancy, which had long been idle, again +arose upon the wing,—both the Siege +of Corinth and Parisina having been +produced but a short time before the +separation. How conscious he was, +too, that the turmoil which followed +was the true element of his restless +spirit may be collected from several +passages of his letters, at that period, +in one of which he even mentions that +his health had become all the better for +the conflict:—'It is odd,' he says, 'but +agitation or contest of any kind gives a +rebound to my spirits, and sets me up +for the time.'</p> + +<p>"This buoyancy it was—this irrepressible +spring of mind,—that now enabled +him to bear up not only against +the assaults of others, but what was +still more difficult, against his own +thoughts and feelings. The muster of +all his mental resources to which, in +self-defence, he had been driven, but +opened to him the yet undreamed extent +and capacity of his powers, and +inspired him with a proud confidence, +that he should yet shine down these calumnious +mists, convert censure to wonder, +and compel even those who could +not approve to admire.</p> + +<p>"The route which he now took, +through Flanders and by the Rhine, is +best traced in his own matchless verses, +which leave a portion of their glory on +all that they touch, and lend to scenes, +already clothed with immortality by nature +and by history, the no less durable +associations of undying song." +</p></blockquote> +<hr /> + +<h2>The Gatherer.</h2> + +<blockquote><p> +A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">SHAKSPEARE.</span> +</p></blockquote> + + +<h3>SELDEN,</h3> + + +<p>Towards the close of his life, was so +thoroughly convinced of the superior +value of the Holy Scriptures, as to declare +that the 11th, 12th, 13th, and +14th verses of the second chapter of St. +Paul's Epistle to Titus, afforded him +more solid satisfaction than all he had +ever read.</p> + +<h4>H.B.A.</h4> + +<hr /> + + +<h3>FULL-BOTTOMED WIGS.</h3> + + +<p>The full-bottomed wigs which unfortunately +envelope and cloud some of the +most distinguished portraits of former +days, were in fashion during the reigns +of our William and Mary. Lord Bolingbroke +was one of the first that tied +them up, with which the queen was +much offended, and said to a by-stander, +"he would soon come to court in his +night-cap." Soon after, tie wigs, instead +of being an undress, became the +high court dress.</p> + +<h4>H.B.A.</h4> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>A WINDOW THE CAUSE OF A WAR.</h3> + + +<p>When the Palace of Trianon was building +for Louis XIV. at the end of Versailles' +Park, that monarch went to inspect +it, accompanied by Louvois, secretary +of war, and superintendent of +the building. Whilst walking arm in +arm with him, he remarked that one of +the windows was out of shape, and +smaller than the rest—this Louvois denied, +and asserted that he could not +perceive the least difference. Louis +XIV. having had it measured, and finding +that he had judged rightly, treated +Louvois in a contumelious manner before +his whole court. This conduct so incensed +the minister, that when he arrived +home he was heard to say, that he +would find better employment for a monarch +than that of insulting his favourites: +he was as good as his word, for +by his insolence and haughtiness he insulted +the other powers, and occasioned +the bloody war of 1688.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p>In 1306, Bruce having taken shelter in +the Isle of Arran, sent a trusty person +into Carrick, to learn how his vassals +stood affected to his cause; with instructions, +that, if he found them disposed +to assist him he should make a +signal at a time appointed, by lighting +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page16" id="page16"></a>[pg 16]</span> +a fire on an eminence near the Castle of +Turnbury. The messenger found the +English in possession of Carrick, +the people dispirited, and none ready to +take arms; he therefore did not make +the signal. But a fire being made about +noon on the appointed spot, (possibly +by accident) both Bruce and the messenger +saw it. The former with his +associates put to sea to join his supposed +party; the latter to prevent his +coming. They met before Bruce reached +the shore, when the messenger acquainted +Bruce with the unpromising +state of his affairs, and advised him to +go back; but he obeying the dictates +of despair and valour, resolved to persevere; +and attacking the English, carelessly +cantoned in the neighbourhood of +Turnbury, put a number of them to the +sword, and pillaged their quarters. +Percy, from the castle, heard the uproar, +yet did not sally forth against +them, not knowing their strength. +Bruce with his followers not exceeding +three hundred in number, remained for +some days near Turnbury; but succours +having arrived from the neighbouring +garrisons, he was obliged to +seek safety in the mountainous parts of +Carrick.</p> + +<h4>C.D.</h4> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>"WILLIE WASTLE."</h3> + + +<p>When Oliver Cromwell was at Haddington, +he sent a summons to the governor +of Hume Castle, ordering him +to surrender. The governor answered,</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"That he, Willie Wastle, stood firm in his castle,</p> +<p>That all the dogs of his town should not drive Willie Wastle down."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>This anecdote gave rise to the amusement +of Willie Wastle among children.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>When the Irish Union was effected in +1801, the Ex-Chancellor of the Exchequer, +Sir John Parnell, was the reigning +<i>toast</i>. Being one evening in a convivial +party, he jocularly said that by +the Union he had lost his <i>bread and butter</i>. +"Ah, my dear sir," replied a +friend, "never mind, for it is amply +made up to you in <i>toasts</i>."</p> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>CURIOUS LEGACY.</h3> + + +<p><i>By Samuel Hawkins, Esq. to White +Chapel Parish, 1804, bequeathing +£300. for performing Divine Service +for ever, in the said parish church</i>. +</p> + +<p>Two guineas to be paid to Curate or +Rector, for preaching a sermon on New +Year's Day, from a text mentioned in +his will. To Parish Clerk 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> to +sing 100th Psalm, old version, same day. +To organist 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for playing tune to +same. To Sexton 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> if he attend +the same; and to master and mistress +of the free-school, each 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for +attending the charity children at the +same time and place; and to the Trustees +of the school three guineas for refreshments, +and to supply as many +quartern loaves to be distributed to such +poor as shall attend divine service on +that day. The overplus, if any, to be +given in bread to the poor of the parish +that the trustees may consider proper +objects of relief.</p> + +<h4>JAC-CO.</h4> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>WIT AND JOKES.</h3> + + +<p>Selden says, "Nature must be the +ground work of wit and art, otherwise +whatever is done will prove but Jack-pudding's +work.</p> + +<p>"Wit must grow like fingers; if it +be taken from others, 'tis like plums +stuck upon black thorns; they are there +for awhile, but they come to nothing.</p> + +<p>"Women ought not to know their +own wit, because they will be showing +it, and so spoil it; like a child +that will constantly be showing its fine +new coat, till at length it all bedaubs it +with its pah hands.</p> + +<p>"Fine wits destroy themselves with +their own plots in meddling with great +affairs of state. They commonly do as +the ape, that saw the gunner put bullets +in the cannon, and was pleased with +it, and he would be doing so too; at +last he puts himself into the piece, and +so both ape and bullet were shot away +together."</p> + +<p>"The jokes, bon-mots, the little adventures, +which may do very well (says +Chesterfield) in one company will seem +flat and tedious when related in another—they +are often ill-timed, and prefaced +thus: 'I will tell you an excellent thing.' +This raises expectations, which when +absolutely disappointed, make the relator +of this excellent thing look, very +deservedly, like a fool."</p> + +<h4>P.T.W.</h4> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FAT FOLKS.</h3> + +<p>Prince Harry and Falstaff, in Shakspeare, +have carried the ridicule upon +fat and lean as far as it will go. Falstaff +is humorously called <i>Wool-Sack</i>, +<i>Bed Presser</i>, and <i>Hill of Flesh</i>; Harry, +a <i>Starveling</i>, an <i>Eel's-skin</i>, a <i>Sheath</i>, +a <i>Bow-case</i>, and a <i>Tuck</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1"> (return)</a><p>Childe Harold, Canto iv.</p> + +<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2"> (return)</a><p>See Mirror, vol. xvi.</p> + +<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3"> (return)</a><p>The small of the stone-coal.</p> + +<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4"> (return)</a><p>See Mirror, vol. xii.</p> + +<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5"> (return)</a><p>Abridged from the paper on Southey's Life of Bunyan, in the last +Quarterly Review.</p> + +<a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6"> (return)</a><p>Parable of the Pilgrim, chapter xxx.</p> + +<a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7"> (return)</a><p>Ibidem, chapter xxxiv.</p> + +<a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8"> (return)</a><p>The Poet Laureate may, perhaps, like to hear that Dr. Patrick +introduces into his parable a very tolerable edition of that legend of +the roasted fowls recalled to life by St. James of Compostella, of +which he himself has recently given us so lively and amusing a +metrical version. +</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><i>Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, +Strand, (near Somerset House,) London; sold +by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, +Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13199 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + diff --git a/13199-h/images/469-1.png b/13199-h/images/469-1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b853a3a --- /dev/null +++ b/13199-h/images/469-1.png diff --git a/13199-h/images/469-2.png b/13199-h/images/469-2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0864945 --- /dev/null +++ b/13199-h/images/469-2.png diff --git a/13199-h/images/469-3.png b/13199-h/images/469-3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b6b33b --- /dev/null +++ b/13199-h/images/469-3.png diff --git a/13199-h/images/469-4.png b/13199-h/images/469-4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b97ea8b --- /dev/null +++ b/13199-h/images/469-4.png diff --git a/13199-h/images/469-5.png b/13199-h/images/469-5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2257054 --- /dev/null +++ b/13199-h/images/469-5.png diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bda2029 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13199 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13199) diff --git a/old/13199-8.txt b/old/13199-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ca057b --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13199-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1915 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. XVII. No. 469. Saturday January 1, 1831 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: August 17, 2004 [EBook #13199] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Victoria Woosley and PG Distributed +Proofreaders + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +No. 469.] SATURDAY JANUARY 1, 1831 [PRICE 2d. + + + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: Copied from one of the prints of last year's Landscape +Annual, from a drawing, by Prout. This proves what we said of the +imperishable interest of the Engravings of the L.A.] + + * * * * * + + +Petrarch and Arquà; Ariosto, Tasso, and Ferrara;--how delightfully are +these names and sites linked in the fervour of Italian poetry. Lord +Byron halted at these consecrated spots, in his "Pilgrimage" through +the land of song:-- + + There is a tomb in Arquà;--rear'd in air, + Pillar'd in their sarcophagus, repose + The bones of Laura's lover: here repair + Many familiar with his well-sung woes, + The pilgrims of his genius. He arose + To raise a language, and his land reclaim + From the dull yoke of her barbaric foes: + Watering the tree which bears his lady's name + With his melodious tears, he gave himself to fame. + + They keep his dust in Arquà, where he died; + The mountain-village where his latter days + Went down the vale of years; and 'tis their pride-- + An honest pride--and let it be their praise, + To offer to the passing stranger's gaze + His mansion and his sepulchre; both plain + And venerably simple; such as raise + A feeling more accordant with his strain + Than if a pyramid form'd his monumental fane. + + And the soft quiet hamlet where he dwelt + Is one of that complexion which seems made + For those who their mortality have felt, + And sought a refuge from their hopes decay'd + In the deep umbrage of a green hill's shade, + Which shows a distant prospect far away + Of busy cities, now in vain display'd, + For they can lure no further; and the ray + Of a bright sun can make sufficient holiday, + + Developing the mountains, leaves, and flowers, + And shining in the brawling brook, where-by, + Clear as a current, glide the sauntering hours + With a calm languor, which, though to the eye + Idlesse it seem, hath its morality. + If from society we learn to live, + 'Tis solitude should teach us how to die; + It hath no flatterers, vanity can give + No hollow aid; alone--man with his God must strive; + + Or, it may be, with demons, who impair + The strength of better thoughts, and seek their prey + In melancholy bosoms, such as were + Of moody texture from their earliest day, + And loved to dwell in darkness and dismay, + Deeming themselves predestin'd to a doom + Which is not of the pangs that pass away; + Making the sun like blood, the earth a tomb, + The tomb a hell, and hell itself a murkier gloom.[1] + + [1] Childe Harold, Canto iv. + +The noble bard, not content with perpetuating Arquà in these +soul-breathing stanzas, has appended to them the following note:-- + + Petrarch retired to Arquà immediately on his return from the + unsuccessful attempt to visit Urban V. at Rome, in the year + 1370, and, with the exception of his celebrated visit to + Venice in company with Francesco Novello da Carrara, he + appears to have passed the four last years of his life between + that charming solitude and Padua. For four months previous to + his death he was in a state of continual languor, and in the + morning of July the 19th, in the year 1374, was found dead in + his library chair with his head resting upon a book. The chair + is still shown amongst the precious relics of Arquà, which, + from the uninterrupted veneration that has been attached to + every thing relative to this great man from the moment of his + death to the present hour, have, it may be hoped, a better + chance of authenticity than the Shaksperian memorials of + Stratford-upon-Avon. + + Arquà (for the last syllable is accented in pronunciation, + although the analogy of the English language has been observed + in the verse) is twelve miles from Padua, and about three + miles on the right of the high road to Rovigo, in the bosom + of the Euganean Hills. After a walk of twenty minutes across a + flat, well-wooded meadow, you come to a little blue lake, + clear, but fathomless, and to the foot of a succession of + acclivities and hills, clothed with vineyards and orchards, + rich with fir and pomegranate trees, and every sunny fruit + shrub. From the banks of the lake the road winds into the + hills, and the church of Arquà is soon seen between a cleft + where two ridges slope towards each other, and nearly inclose + the village. The houses are scattered at intervals on the + steep sides of these summits; and that of the poet is on the + edge of a little knoll overlooking two descents, and + commanding a view not only of the glowing gardens in the dales + immediately beneath, but of the wide plains, above whose low + woods of mulberry and willow thickened into a dark mass by + festoons of vines, tall single cypresses, and the spires of + towns are seen in the distance, which stretches to the mouths + of the Po and the shores of the Adriatic. The climate of these + volcanic hills is warmer, and the vintage begins a week sooner + than in the plains of Padua. Petrarch is laid, for he cannot + be said to be buried, in a sarcophagus of red marble, raised + on four pilasters on an elevated base, and preserved from an + association with meaner tombs. It stands conspicuously alone, + but will be soon overshadowed by four lately planted laurels. + Petrarch's fountain, for here every thing is Petrarch's, + springs and expands itself beneath an artificial arch, a + little below the church, and abounds plentifully, in the + driest season, with that soft water which was the ancient + wealth of the Euganean Hills. It would be more attractive, + were it not, in some seasons, beset with hornets and wasps. No + other coincidence could assimilate the tombs of Petrarch and + Archilochus. The revolutions of centuries have spared these + sequestered valleys, and the only violence which has been + offered to the ashes of Petrarch was prompted, not by hate, + but veneration. An attempt was made to rob the sarcophagus of + its treasure, and one of the arms was stolen by a Florentine + through a rent which is still visible. The injury is not + forgotten, but has served to identify the poet with the + country, where he was born, but where he would not live. A + peasant boy of Arquà being asked who Petrarch was, replied, + "that the people of the parsonage knew all about him, but that + he only knew that he was a Florentine." + + Every footstep of Laura's lover has been anxiously traced and + recorded. The house in which he lodged is shown in Venice. The + inhabitants of Arezzo, in order to decide the ancient + controversy between their city and the neighbouring Ancisa, + where Petrarch was carried when seven months old, and remained + until his seventh year, have designated by a long inscription + the spot where their great fellow citizen was born. A tablet + has been raised to him at Parma, in the chapel of St. Agatha, + at the cathedral, because he was archdeacon of that society, + and was only snatched from his intended sepulture in their + church by a _foreign_ death. Another tablet with a bust has + been erected to him at Pavia, on account of his having passed + the autumn of 1368 in that city, with his son-in-law Brossano. + The political condition which has for ages precluded the + Italians from the criticism of the living, has concentrated + their attention to the illustration of the dead. + +Byron's visit was in 1818. Of this we may quote more on the appearance +of Mr. Moore's second volume of the Poet's Life. Meanwhile, let us add +the following graceful paper from the _Athenæum_, June 12, 1830: the +subject harmonizes most happily with the classic title of that +journal. It will be perceived that the tourist is familiar with Mr. +Prout's drawing, or the original of our Engraving. + + At Monselice we took another carriage, and dashed off to the + Euganean Hills, to visit Arquà, the last dwelling and the + burial-place of Petrarch. The road, in the feeling of M'Adam, + is antediluvian, or rather post-diluvian, for it is little + better than a water-course; but it passes through a country + where I first saw olive-trees in abundance, vines in the + luxuriance of nature, and pomegranates growing in hedges. The + situation of the little village is perfectly delightful--of + Petrarch's villa, beautiful. The apartments he occupied + command the finest view, and are so detached from the noise + and annoyances of the farm dwelling, though connected under + one roof, that I think it not impossible he made the addition. + There are four or five rooms altogether, if two little closets + of not more than six feet by three may be called rooms; yet + one of these is believed to have been his study; and in his + study, and at his literary enjoyments, he died. Every thing is + preserved with a reverential care that does honour to the + people; and his chair, like less holy and less credible + relics, is inclosed in a wire-frame, to prevent the + dilapidations of the curious. I believe these things to be + genuine. I believe in the local traditions that point out his + study, and his kitchen, and his dying chamber.--Petrarch was + all but idolized in his own time, and his fame has known no + diminution; therefore these affectionate recollections of him + have always been treasured there for the gratification of his + pilgrims, and with a becoming reverence themselves, the people + naturally set apart as sacred all that belonged to him. I have + noticed the compactness of his few rooms, and their separation + from the larger apartments--they have also a separate + communication by a small elegant flight of steps into the + garden, as you may see in Prout's drawing. If the rooms were + not an addition, and it did not suggest itself at the moment + to look attentively, I believe these little architectural and + ornamental steps to have been; and as we know he did meddle + with brick and mortar, by building a small chapel here, the + conjecture is not improbable;--it is but a conjecture, and + remains for others to confirm or disprove. + + A little wild, irregular walk runs, serpent like, all round + the garden, which, situated at the head of the valley, is shut + in by the hills--itself a wilderness of luxuriance and beauty. + It was a glorious evening, and every thing in agreement with + our quiet feeling. I am not an enthusiast, and to you I need + not affect to be other than I am; but I have felt this day + sensibly, and shall remember it for ever. Petrarch's fame is + worth the noise and nothing of all the men-slayers since Cain! + It is fame indeed, holy and lovely, when the name and + reputation of a man, remembered only for wisdom and virtue, + shall have extended into remote and foreign kingdoms with such + a sound and echo, that centuries after a stranger turns aside + into these mountains to visit his humble dwelling. It is the + verification of the prediction of Boccaccio--"This village, + hardly known even at Padua, will become famous through the + world." I do not presume to offer a eulogy on Petrarch as a + writer, but as a man. In all the relations of son, brother, + father, he is deserving all honour; and I know not another + instance of such long-continued, sincere, and graceful + friendships, through all varieties of fortune, from the + Cardinal of Cabassole, to the poor fisherman at Vaucluse, as + his life offers; including literary friendships, which, after + so many years, passed without one discordant feeling of + rivalry or jealousy, ended so generously and beautifully, with + his bequest to poor Boccaccio of "five hundred florins of the + gold of Florence, to buy him a winter habit for his evening + studies," and this noble testimony of his ability in + addition--"I am ashamed to leave so small a sum to so great a + man." + + Petrarch, in my opinion, was one of the most amiable men that + ever lived;--I know nothing about Laura, or her ten children; + I agree with those who believe the whole was a dream or an + allegory; and, I half suspect that Shakspeare thought so too, + and following a fashion, addressed his own sonnets to some + like persons; at any rate, no one knows about either much more + than I do;--certainly Petrarch's _real_ love had more real + consequences. Petrarch was a sincere Christian, without + intolerance--a sound patriot, without austerity; who neither + wasted his feelings in the idle generalities of philosophy, + nor restricted them to the narrow limits of a party or + faction;--he was just, generous, affectionate, and gentle. All + his sonnets together do not shed a lustre on him equal to the + sincere, single-hearted, mild, yet uncompromising spirit that + breathes throughout the letters of advice and remonstrance, + which, not idly or obstrusively, but under the sanction and + authority of his great name, and the affectionate regard + professed for him, he addressed to all whom he believed + influential either for good or ill; from Popes and Emperors, + to the well meaning insane tribune of Rome. + + We went after this to see his tomb, which is honourable + without being ostentatious: a plain stone sarcophagus, resting + on four pillars, and surmounted by a bust; suited to the quiet + of his life, his home, and his resting-place. I passed + altogether a day that will shine a bright star in memory; and + we wandered about there, unwilling to leave it, until long + after the ave-maria bell had tolled, and were obliged in + consequence to get a guide, and return by another road through + the marshes, where I first saw those fairy insects the + fire-flies, and thousands of them. For this we are detained + the night at Monselice, and must rise the earlier, for we have + written to ----, fixing the day of our arrival at Florence. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SILENT ACADEMY, OR THE EMBLEMS. + +FROM THE FRENCH. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +There was at Amadan, a celebrated academy, the first statute of which +was contained in these terms. "_The Academicians think much, write +little, and speak but as little as possible_." They were called "The +Silent Academy," and there was not a man of learning in all Persia but +was ambitious of being admitted of their number. Doctor Zeb, author of +an excellent little work, entitled "The Gag," understood in his +distant province that there was a vacant place in the Silent Academy. +He set out immediately, arrived at Amadan, and presenting himself at +the door of the hall, where the members were assembled, he desired the +doorkeeper to deliver to the president, a billet to this import, +"_Doctor Zeb humbly asks the vacant place_." The doorkeeper +immediately acquitted himself of his commission, but, alas! the doctor +and his billet were too late, the place had been already filled. + +The whole academy were affected at this _contretems_; they had +received a little before, as member, a court wit, whose eloquence, +light and lively, was the admiration of the populace, and saw +themselves obliged to refuse Doctor Zeb, who was the very scourge of +chatterers, and with a head so well formed and furnished. + +The president, whose place it was to announce to the doctor the +disagreeable news, knew not what to resolve on. After having thought a +little he filled a large cup with water, and that so very full, that +one drop more would have made it spill over. Then he made the sign +that they might introduce the candidate. He appeared with that modest +and simple air which always accompanies true merit. The president +rose, and without saying a word, he pointed out to him with an +afflicted air, the emblematic cup, the cup so exactly full. The doctor +apprehended the meaning that there was no room for him in the academy; +but taking courage, he thought to make them understand that an +academician supernumerary would derange nothing. Therefore, seeing at +his feet a rose leaf, he picked it up and laid it delicately on the +surface of the water, and that so gently, that not a single drop +escaped. + +At this ingenious answer they were all full of admiration, and in +spite of rules, Doctor Zeb was admitted with acclamation. + +They directly presented to him the register of the academy in which +they inscribed their names on their admission, and the doctor having +done so, nothing more remained than to thank them in a few words +according to custom. But Doctor Zeb, as a truly _silent_ academician, +thanked them without saying a word. He wrote on the margin the number +100, which was the number of his new brethren, and then placing a +cipher before the figure (0100) he wrote beneath "_Their worth is +neither less nor more_." The president answered the modest doctor with +as much politeness as presence of mind: he put the figure 1 before the +number 100, and wrote (1100) "_They are ten times what they were +before_." + +_Dorset_. COLBOURNE. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE TOPOGRAPHER. + + +TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES. + + +_Vale of Tawy--Copper Works, &c.--Coal Trade._--In our former paper[2] +we gave a description of the Vale of Tawy, as it appears by night; we +will now again revisit it. The stranger who explores this vale must +expect to return with a bad headache. We have described it as a +desolate looking place, when seen at night, but the darkness only +throws a veil over its barrenness. The face of the country, which +would otherwise have been beautiful, is literally scorched by the +desolating effects of the copper smoke; and when it is considered that +a multitude of flues are constantly emitting smoke and flames strongly +impregnated with sulphur, arsenic, &c., it is not to be wondered at. A +canal runs up the vale into the country for sixteen miles, to an +elevation of 372 feet: it is flanked near the copper-works by many +millions of tons of copper slag; and there are no less than thirty-six +locks on the line. It is a fact, that in spite of the infernal +atmosphere, a great many of the people employed in these works attain +old age. Every evil effect about Swansea, however, is ascribed to the +copper smoke. The houses in this district are remarkable for clean +exterior: the custom of whitewashing the roofs, as well as the walls, +produces a pleasing effect, and is a relief to the eye in such a +desert. There are eight large copper smelting establishments, besides +several rolling-mills, now at work; the whole country is covered with +tram-roads and coal-pits, many of which vomit forth their mineral +treasures close to the road side. At Landore, about two miles from +Swansea, is a large steam-engine, made by Bolton and Watt, which was +formerly the lion of the neighbourhood. This pumping engine draws the +water from all the collieries in the vale, throwing up one hundred +gallons of water at each stroke: it makes twelve strokes in a minute, +and consequently discharges 72,000 gallons an hour. This engine, +however, is very inferior in construction and finish to the pumping +engines of Cornwall, some of which are nearly three hundred +horsepower. At the consols mines, there are two engines, each with +cylinders of ninety inches in diameter, and everything about them kept +as clean as a drawing-room. What an extraordinary triumph of the +ingenuity of man, when it is considered that one of these gigantic +engines can be stopped in an instant, by the mere application of the +fingers and thumb of the engineer to a screw! The quantity of coals +consumed by the copper-works is enormous. We have heard that Messrs. +Vivians, who have the largest works on the river, alone consume 40,000 +tons annually: this coal is all small, and not fit for exportation. +The copper trade may be considered as comparatively of modern date. +The first smelting works were erected at Swansea, about a century ago; +but now it is calculated that they support, including the collieries +and shipping dependant on them, 10,000 persons, and that 3,000 l. is +circulated weekly by their means in this district. Till within the +last few years, there were considerable copper smelting establishments +at Hayle, in Cornwall; but that county possessing no coals, they were +obliged to be abandoned, as it was found to be much cheaper to bring +the ore to the coal than the latter to the ore. Formerly, from the +want of machinery to drain the water from the workings (copper being +generally found at a much greater depth than tin), the miners were +compelled to relinquish the metallic vein before reaching the copper: +indeed, when it was first discovered, and even so late as 1735, they +were so ignorant of its value, that a Mr. Coster, a mineralogist in +Bristol, observing large quantities of it lying amongst the heaps of +rubbish round the tin mines, contracted to purchase as much of it as +could be supplied, and continued to gain by Cornish ignorance for a +considerable time. The first discoverer of the ore was called Poder +(it long went by his name), who actually abandoned the mine in +consequence; and we find that it was for some time considered that +"_the ore came in and spoilt the tin_." In the year 1822 the produce +of the Cornish copper mines amounted to 106,723 tons of ore, which +produced 9,331 tons of copper, and 676,285 l. in money. In the same +year, the quantity of tin ore raised was only 20,000 tons. The Irish +and Welsh ores are generally much richer than those of Cornwall; but +occasionally they strike on a very rich _lode_ (or vein) in that +county. Last spring, some ore from the Penstruthal mine was ticketed +at Truro, at the enormous price of 54 l. 14s. per ton; and a short time +previous, in the Great St. George Mine, near St. Agnes, a lode was +struck five feet thick, which was worth 20 l. a ton. There are only six +other copper-works in the kingdom besides those of Swansea, five of +which are within fifteen miles of that town; the other is at Amlwch +(in the isle of Anglesea), where the Marquess of Anglesea smelts the +ore raised in his mines there. The annual import of ore into Swansea +in 1812 was 53,353 tons; in 1819, 70,256 tons were brought coastwise: +besides which, several thousand tons of copper ore are imported from +America every year. Since this period there has been a large increase. +Most of the ships which are freighted with copper ore load back with +coal, for the Cornish and Irish markets. Of bituminous, in 1812, +43,529 chalders, and in 1819, 46,457 chalders were shipped coastwise, +besides a foreign trade of about 5,000 chalders every year. Most of +this goes to France, the French vessels coming here in ballast for +this purpose; but all coal shipped for abroad must be riddled through +a screen composed of iron bars, placed three-eighths of an inch apart, +as it is literally almost dust. Great hopes are now entertained here +that government will abolish the oppressive duty on sea-borne coal. In +the stone-coal and culm[3] trade, Swansea and Neath almost supply the +whole kingdom. Independent of foreign trade, 55,066 chalders of culm +and 10,319 tons of stone-coal were shipped coastwise in 1819: last +year the ports of Swansea and Neath shipped 123,000 chalders of +stone-coal and culm. Stone-coal improves in quality as it advances +westward. That of Milford, of which however only about 6,000 chalders +are annually exported, sells generally at from 50s. to 60s. per +chaldron in the London market--a price vastly exceeding the finest +Newcastle coal. It emits no smoke, and is used principally in +lime-burning and in manufactories where an intense heat and the +absence of smoke is required. The Swansea culm is mostly obtained +about thirteen miles from the town. The bituminous coal mines in the +vale of Tawy are fast getting exhausted, and the supply of coal must +at no distant day be drawn farther westward, near the Burry River, +where the quality of the coal is much improved, approaching nearer to +that of Newcastle. The national importance of the inexhaustible supply +of this mineral which exists in Wales, is incalculable; but as it has +already been alluded to in _The Mirror_, in an extract from Mr. +Bakewell's Geology, we will not farther pursue the subject.[4] While +mentioning the trade of Swansea, we should not omit to state that two +extensive potteries, tin and ironworks, and founderies, &c., and +bonding warehouses and yards for foreign goods, &c. exist here. + +VYVIAN. + + [2] See Mirror, vol. xvi. + + [3] The small of the stone-coal. + + [4] See Mirror, vol. xii. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE ANNUALS. + + +A FRENCH GENTLEMAN'S LETTER TO AN ENGLISH FRIEND IN LONDON. + + +Ah my deer frend--I cannot feel the plaisir I expresse to come to your +country charming, for you see. We are arrive at Southampton before +yesterday at one hour of the afternoon, and we are debarked very nice. +I never believe you when at Paris, you tell me that the Englishwomen +get on much before our women; but now I agree quite with you; I know +you laughing at your countrywomen for take such long steps! My faith! +I never saw such a mode to walk; they take steps long like the man! +Very pretty women! but not equal to ours! White skins, and the tint +fresh, but they have no mouths nor no eyes. Our women have lips like +rose-buttons; and eyes of lightning; the English have mouth wide like +the toads, and their eyes are like _"dreaming sheeps,"_ as one of our +very talented writers say, "mouton qui rève." It is excellent, that. I +am not perceived so many English ladies _tipsy_ as I expect; our +General Pilon say they all drink brandy; this I have not seen very +much. I was very surprise to see the people's hair of any colour but +red, because all our travellers say there is no other hair seen, +except red or white! But I come here filled with candour, and I say I +_have seen some_ people whose hair was not red. You tell me often at +Paris, that we have no music in France. My dear friend, how you are +deceived yourself! Our music is the finest in the world, and the +German come after; you other English have no music; and if you had +some, you have no language to sing with. It is necessary that you may +avow your language is not useful for the purpose ordinary of the +world. Your window of shop are all filled at French names--"des gros +de Naples," "des gros des Indes," "des gros d'été," &c. If English +lady go for demand, show me, if you please, sir, some "fats of +Naples," some "fats of India," and some "fats of summer," the +linendraper not understand at all. Then the colours different at the +silks, people say, "puce évanouie," "oeil de l'empereur," "flammes, +d'enfer," "feu de l'opéra;" but you never hear lady say, I go for have +gown made of "fainting fleas," or "emperors' eyes," or "opera fires," +or of the "flames" of a place which you tell me once for say never to +ears polite! You also like very much our musique in England; the +street-organs tell you best the taste of the people, and I hear them +play always "Le petit tambour," "Oh, gardezvous, bergerette," "Dormez, +mes chéres amours," and twenty little French airs, of which we are +fatigued there is a long time. I go this morning for make visit to the +house of a very nice family. When I am there some time, I demand of +the young ladies, what for they not go out? One reply, "Thank you, +sir, we are always oblige for stay at home, because papa _enjoy such +very bad health_." I say, "Oh yes! How do you do your papa this +morning, misses!" "He is much worse, I am obliged to you, sir!" I bid +them good bye, and think in myself how the English are odd to _enjoy_ +bad health, and the young ladies much oblige to me because their papa +was much worse! "Chacun à son goút," as we say. In my road to come +home, I see a board on a gate, and I stopped myself for read him. He +was for say, any persons beating carpets, playing cricket, and such +like diversions there, should be persecuted. My faith! you other +English are so droll to find any diversion in beating carpets! Yet it +is quite as amusing as to play the cricket, to beat one little ball +with big stick, then run about like madmen, then throw away big stick, +and get great knock upon your face or legs. And then at cards again! +What stupid game whist! Play for amuse people, but may not laugh any! +Ah! how the English are droll! I have nothing of more for say to you +at present; but I am soon seeing you, when I do assure you of the +eternal regard and everlasting affection of your much attached +friend.--_Comic Offering_. + + * * * * * + + + +HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL. + + +We have taken a slice, or rather, _four cuts_, from Mr. Hood's +facetious volume. Their fun needs not introduction, for the effect of +wit is instantaneous. To talk about them would be like saying "see how +droll they are." We omitted the Conditions drawn up by the +Provisional Government, (the baker, butcher, publican, &c.) in our +account of the revolutionary stir, or as the march-of-mind people call +a riot, "the ebullition of popular feeling," at Stoke Pogis. Here they +are, worthy of any Vestry in the kingdom, Select or otherwise. + + "_Conditions._ + + "1. That for the future, widows in Stoke Pogis shall be allowed + their thirds, and Novembers their fifths. + + "2. That the property of Guys shall be held inviolable, and + their persons respected. + + "3. That no arson be allowed, but all bon-fires shall be burnt + by the common hangman. + + "4. That every rocket shall be allowed an hour to leave the + place. + + "5. That the freedom of Stoke Pogis be presented to Madame + Hengler, in a cartridge-box. + + "6. That the military shall not be called out, uncalled for. + + "7. That the parish beadle, for the time being, be authorized + to stand no nonsense. + + "8. That his Majesty's mail be permitted to pass on the night + in question. + + "9. That all animosities be buried in oblivion, at the Parish + expense. + + "10. That the ashes of old bon-fires be never raked up. + + " (Signed) + {WAGSTAFF, High Constable. + {WIGSBY." + + * * * * * + + +Our next quotations are two comico-serio Ballads:-- + + +FRENCH AND ENGLISH. + + "Good Heaven! why even the little children in France speak + French!" ADDISON. + + + I. + + Never go to France + Unless you know the lingo, + If you do, like me, + You will repent by jingo, + Staring like a fool + And silent as a mummy, + There I stood alone, + A nation with a dummy. + + II. + + Chaises stand for chairs, + They christen letters _Billies,_ + They call their mothers _mares,_ + And all their daughters _fillies;_ + Strange it was to hear, + I'll tell you what's a good 'un, + They call their leather _queer_, + And half their shoes are wooden. + + III. + + Signs I had to make + For every little notion, + Limbs all going like + A telegraph in motion. + For wine I reel'd about, + To show my meaning fully, + And made a pair of horns. + To ask for "beef and bully." + + IV. + + Moo! I cried for milk; + I got my sweet things snugger, + When I kissed Jeannette, + 'Twas understood for sugar. + If I wanted bread. + My jaws I set a-going, + And asked for new-laid eggs + By clapping hands and crowing. + + V. + + If I wished a ride, + I'll tell you how I got it: + On my stick astride, + I made believe to trot it; + Then their cash was strange, + It bored me every minute, + Now here's a _hog_ to change, + How many _sows_ are in it. + + VI. + + Never go to France + Unless you know the lingo; + If you do, like me, + You will repent, by jingo; + Staring like a fool, + And silent as a mummy, + There I stood alone, + A nation with a dummy. + + +THE DUEL. + +A SERIOUS BALLAD. + + "Like the two Kings of Brentford smelling at one nosegay." + + + In Brentford town, of old renown, + There lived a Mister Bray. + Who fell in love with Lucy Bell, + And so did Mr. Clay. + + To see her ride from Hammersmith, + By all it was allowed, + Such fair outsides are seldom seen, + Such Angels on a Cloud. + + Said Mr. Bray to Mr. Clay, + You choose to rival me, + And court Miss Bell, but there your court + No thoroughfare shall be. + + Unless you now give up your suit, + You may repent your love + I who have shot a pigeon match, + Can shoot a turtle dove. + + So pray before you woo her more, + Consider what you do; + If you pop aught to Lucy Bell-- + I'll pop it into you. + + Said Mr. Clay to Mr. Bray. + Your threats I quite explode; + One who has been a volunteer + Knows how to prime and load. + + And so I say to you unless + Your passion quiet keeps, + I who have shot and hit bulls' eyes + May chance to hit a sheep's. + + Now gold is oft for silver changed, + And that for copper red; + But these two went away to give + Each other change for lead. + + But first they sought a friend a-piece, + This pleasant thought to give-- + When they were dead, they thus should have + Two seconds still to live. + + To measure out the ground not long + The seconds then forbore, + And having taken one rash step, + They took a dozen more. + + They next prepared each pistol-pan + Against the deadly strife, + By putting in the prime of death + Against the prime of life. + + Now all was ready for the foes, + But when they took their stands. + Fear made them tremble so they found + They both were shaking hands. + + Said Mr. C. to Mr. B., + Here one of us may fall, + And like St. Paul's Cathedral now, + Be doom'd to have a ball. + + I do confess I did attach + Misconduct to your name; + If I withdraw the charge, will then + Your ramrod do the same? + + Said Mr. B. I do agree-- + But think of Honour's Courts! + If We go off without a shot, + There will be strange reports + + But look, the morning now is bright, + Though cloudy it begun; + Why can't we aim above, as if + We had call'd out the sun? + + So up into the harmless air + Their bullets they did send; + And may all other duels have + That upshot in the end. + + * * * * * + + +We next quote brief illustrations of the Cuts on the opposite page. It +may be observed that the articles themselves have but little _esprit_, +and that, unlike most occasions, the wit lies in the wood. + + +First is a Sonnet accompanying the cut "Infantry at Mess." + + "Sweets to the sweet--farewell."--_Hamlet._ + + + Time was I liked a cheesecake well enough; + All human children have a sweetish tooth-- + I used to revel in a pie or puff, + Or tart--we all are _tarters_ in our youth; + To meet with jam or jelly was good luck, + All candies most complacently I cramped. + A stick of liquorice was good to suck, + And sugar was as often liked as lumped; + On treacle's "linked sweetness long drawn out," + Or honey, I could feast like any fly, + I thrilled when lollipops were hawk'd about, + How pleased to compass hardbake or bull's eye, + How charmed if fortune in my power cast, + Elecampane--but that campaign is past. + + * * * * * + +"Picking his way," belongs to a day (April 17) in a "Scrape Book," +with the motto of "Luck's all:" + + "17th. Had my eye pick'd out by a pavior, who was _axing_ his + way, he didn't care where. Sent home in a hackney-chariot that + upset. Paid Jarvis a sovereign for a shilling. My luck all + over!" + + * * * * * + + +The Schoolmaster's Motto, accompanying "Palmam qui meruit ferat!" is +too long for extract. + + * * * * * + + +The chief fun of the countryman and his Pigs lies in the cut. + + * * * * * + +CUTS FROM HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL. + +[Illustration: INFANTRY AT MESS.] [Illustration: PICKING YOUR WAY.] +[Illustration: PALMAM QUI MERUIT FERAT.] [Illustration: 'I DO PERCEIVE +HERE A DIVIDED DUTY.'] + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.[5] + + [5] Abridged from the paper on Southey's Life of Bunyan, in + the last Quarterly Review. + + +Of the first appearance of this celebrated parable, Mr. Southey's +diligence has preserved the following notices:-- + + "'It is not known in what year the Pilgrim's Progress was + first published, no copy of the first edition having as yet + been discovered; the second is in the British Museum; it is + "with additions," and its date is 1678; but as the book is + known to have been written during Bunyan's imprisonment, which + terminated in 1672, it was probably published before his + release, or at latest immediately after it. The earliest with + which Mr. Major has been able to supply me, either by means of + his own diligent inquiries, or the kindness of his friends, is + that "eighth e-di-ti-on" so humorously introduced by Gay, and + printed--not for Ni-cho-las Bod-ding-ton, but for Nathanael + Ponder, at the Peacock in the Poultrey, near the Church, 1682; + for whom also the ninth was published in 1684, and the tenth + in 1685. All these no doubt were large impressions.' + + "When the astonishing success of the Pilgrim's Progress had + raised a swarm of imitators, the author himself, according to + the frequent fashion of the world, was accused of plagiarism, + to which he made an indignant reply, in what he considered as + verses, prefixed to his 'Holy War.' + + 'Some say the Pilgrim's Progress is not mine, + Insinuating as if I would shine + In name and fame by the worth of another, + Like some made rich by robbing of their brother; + Or that so fond I am of being Sire, + I'll father bastards; or if need require, + I'll tell a lye in print, to get applause. + I scorn it; John such dirt-heap never was + Since God converted him. Let this suffice + To shew why I my Pilgrim patronize. + + It came from mine own heart, so to my head, + And thence into my fingers trickled: + Then to my pen, from whence immediately + On paper I did dribble it daintily.'--p. lxxxix." + +Mr. Southey has carefully examined this charge of supposed imitation, +in which so much rests upon the very simplicity of the conception of +the story, and has successfully shown that the tinker of Elstow could +not have profited by one or two allegories in the French and Flemish +languages--works which he could have had hardly a chance to meet with; +which, if thrown in his way, he could not have read; and, finally, +which, if he had read them, could scarcely have supplied him with a +single hint. Mr. Southey, however, has not mentioned a work in +English, of Bunyan's own time, and from which, certainly, the general +notion of his allegory might have been taken. The work we allude to is +now before us, entitled, 'The Parable of the Pilgrim, written to a +friend by Symon Patrick, D.D., Dean of Peterborough;' the same learned +person, well known by his theological writings, and successively +Bishop of Chichester and Ely. This worthy man's inscription is dated +the 14th of December, 1672; and Mr. Southey's widest conjecture will +hardly allow an earlier date for Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, 1672 +being the very year in which he was enlarged from prison. The language +of Dr. Patrick, in addressing his friend, excludes the possibility of +his having borrowed from John Bunyan's celebrated work. He apologizes +for sending to his acquaintance one in the old fashioned dress of a +pilgrim; and says he found among the works of a late writer, Baker's +Sancta Sophia, a short discourse, under the name of a Parable of a +Pilgrim; 'which was so agreeable to the portion of fancy he was +endowed with, that he presently thought that a work of this nature +would be very grateful to his friends also. It appears that the +Parable of a Pilgrim, so sketched by Dr. Patrick, remained for some +years in the possession of the private friend for whom it was drawn +up, until, it being supposed by others that the work might be of +general utility, it was at length published in 1678.--Before that year +the first edition of the Pilgrim's Progress had unquestionably made +its appearance; but we equally acquit the Dean of Peterborough and the +tinker of Elstow from copying a thought or idea from each other. If +Dr. Patrick had seen the Pilgrim's Progress he would, probably, in the +pride of academic learning, have scorned to adopt it as a model; but, +at all events, as a man of worth, he would never have denied the +obligation if he had incurred one. John Bunyan, on his part, would in +all likelihood have scorned, 'with his very heels,' to borrow anything +from a dean; and we are satisfied that he would have cut his hand off +rather than written the introductory verses we have quoted, had not +his Pilgrim been entirely his own. + +Indeed, whosoever will take the trouble of comparing the two works +which, turning upon nearly the same allegory, and bearing very similar +titles, came into existence at or about the very same time, will +plainly see their total dissimilarity. Bunyan's is a close and +continued allegory, in which the metaphorical fiction is sustained +with all the minuteness of a real story. In Dr. Patrick's the same +plan is generally announced as arising from the earnest longing of a +traveller, whom he calls Philotheus or Theophilus, whose desires are +fixed on journeying to Jerusalem as a pilgrim. After much distressing +uncertainty, caused by the contentions of pretended guides, who +recommend different routes, he is at length recommended to a safe and +intelligent one. Theophilus hastens to put himself under his pilotage, +and the good man gives forth his instructions for the way, and in +abundant detail, so that all the dangers of error and indifferent +company may be securely avoided; but in all this, very little care is +taken even to preserve the appearance of the allegory: in a word, you +have, almost in plain terms, the moral and religious precepts +necessary to be observed in the actual course of a moral and religious +life. The pilgrim, indeed, sets out upon his journey, but it is only +in order again to meet with his guide, who launches further into whole +chapters of instructions, with scarcely a reply from the passive +pupil. It is needless to point out the extreme difference between this +strain of continued didactics, rather encumbered than enlivened by a +starting metaphor, which, generally quite lost sight of, the author +recollects every now and then, as if by accident--and the thoroughly +life-like manner in which John Bunyan puts the adventures of his +pilgrim before us. Two circumstances alone strike us as trenching +somewhat on the manner of him of Elstow: the one is where the guide +awakens some sluggish pilgrims, whom he finds sleeping by the way;[6] +the other is where their way is crossed by two horsemen, who insist +upon assuming the office of guide. 'The one is a pleasing talker, +excellent company by reason of his pleasant humour, and of a carriage +very pleasant and inviting; but they observed he had a sword by his +side, and a pair of pistols before him, together with another +instrument hanging at his belt, which was formed for pulling out of +eyes.'[7] The pilgrims suspected this well-armed cavalier to be one of +that brood who will force others into their own path, and then put out +their eyes in case they should forsake it. They have not got rid of +their dangerous companion, by whom the Romish church is indicated, +when they are accosted by a man of a quite different shape and humour, +'more sad and melancholy, more rude, and of a heavier wit also, who +crossed their way on the right-hand.' He also (representing, +doubtless, the Presbyterians or Sectaries) pressed them with eagerness +to accept his guidance, and did little less than menace them with +total destruction if they should reject it. A dagger and a +pocket-pistol, though less openly and ostentatiously disposed than the +arms of the first cavalier, seem ready for the same purposes; and he, +therefore, is repulsed, as well as his neighbour. These are the only +passages in which the church dignitary might be thought to have caught +for a moment the spirit of the tinker of Bedford. Through the rest of +his parable, which fills a well-sized quarto volume, the dean no doubt +evinces considerable learning, but, compared to Bunyan, may rank with +the dullest of all possible doctors; 'a worthy neighbour, indeed, and +a marvellous good bowler--but for Alexander, you see how 'tis.' Yet +Dr. Patrick had the applause of his own time. The first edition of his +Parable appeared, as has been mentioned, in 1678; and the _sixth_, +which now lies before us, is dated 1687.[8] + + [6] Parable of the Pilgrim, chapter xxx. + + [7] Ibidem, chapter xxxiv. + + [8] The Poet Laureate may, perhaps, like to hear that Dr. + Patrick introduces into his parable a very tolerable edition + of that legend of the roasted fowls recalled to life by St. + James of Compostella, of which he himself has recently given + us so lively and amusing a metrical version. + +Mr. Southey introduces the following just eulogium on our classic of +the common people: + + "Bunyan was confident in his own powers of expression; he + says-- + + --thine only way + Before them all, is to say out thy say + In thine own native language, which no man + Now useth, nor with ease dissemble can. + + And he might well be confident in it. His is a homespun style, + not a manufactured one; and what a difference is there between + its homeliness, and the flippant vulgarity of the Roger + L'Estrange and Tom Brown school! If it is not a well of + English undefiled to which the poet as well as the philologist + must repair, if they would drink of the living waters, it is a + clear stream of current English--the vernacular speech of his + age, sometimes indeed in its rusticity and coarseness, but + always in its plainness and its strength. To this natural + style Bunyan is in some degree beholden for his general + popularity;--his language is every where level to the must + ignorant reader, and to the meanest capacity: there is a + homely reality about it; a nursery tale is not more + intelligible, in its manner of narration, to a child. Another + cause of his popularity is, that he taxes the imagination as + little as the understanding. The vividness of his own, which, + as his history shows, sometimes could not distinguish ideal + impressions from actual ones, occasioned this. He saw the + things of which he was writing as distinctly with his mind's + eye as if they were indeed passing before him in a dream. And + the reader perhaps sees them more satisfactorily to himself, + because the outline only of the picture is presented to him; + and the author having made no attempt to fill up the details, + every reader supplies them according to the measure and scope + of his own intellectual and imaginative powers." + +Mr. Southey, observing with what general accuracy this apostle of the +people writes the English language, notwithstanding all the +disadvantages under which his youth must have been passed, pauses to +notice one gross and repeated error. 'The vulgarism alluded to,' says +the laureate, 'consists in the almost uniform use of _a_ for +_have_--never marked as a contraction, e.g. might _a_ made me take +heed--like to _a_ been smothered.' Under favour, however, this is a +sin against orthography rather than grammar: the tinker of Elstow only +spelt according to the pronunciation of the verb _to have_, then +common in his class; and the same form appears a hundred times in +Shakspeare. We must not here omit to mention the skill with which Mr. +Southey has restored much of Bunyan's masculine and idiomatic English, +which had been gradually dropped out of successive impressions by +careless, or unfaithful, or what is as bad, conceited correctors of +the press. + +The speedy popularity of the Pilgrim's Progress had the natural effect +of inducing Bunyan again to indulge the vein of allegory in which his +warm imagination and clear and forcible expression had procured him +such success. Under this impression, he produced the second part of +his Pilgrim's Progress; and well says Mr. Southey, that none but those +who have acquired the ill habit of always reading critically, can feel +it as a clog upon the first. The first part is, indeed, one of those +delightfully simple and captivating tales which, as soon as finished, +we are not unwilling to begin again. Even the adult becomes himself +like the child who cannot be satisfied with the repetition of a +favourite tale, but harasses the story-telling aunt or nurse, to know +more of the incidents and characters. In this respect Bunyan has +contrived a contrast, which, far from exhausting his subject, opens +new sources of attraction, and adds to the original impression. The +pilgrimage of Christiana, her friend Mercy, and her children, commands +sympathy at least as powerful as that of Christian himself, and it +materially adds to the interest which we have taken in the progress of +the husband, to trace the effects produced by similar events in the +case of women and children. + + "There is a pleasure," says the learned editor, "in travelling + with another companion the same ground--a pleasure of + reminiscence, neither inferior in kind nor degree to that + which is derived from a first impression. The characters are + judiciously marked: that of Mercy, particularly, is sketched + with an admirable grace and simplicity; nor do we read of any + with equal interest, excepting that of Ruth in Scripture, so + beautifully, on all occasions, does the Mercy of John Bunyan + unfold modest humility regarding her own merits, and tender + veneration for the matron Christiana." + + "The distinctions between the first and second part of the + Pilgrim's Progress are such as circumstances render + appropriate; and as John Bunyan's strong mother wit enabled + him to seize upon correctly. Christian, for example, a man, + and a bold one, is represented as enduring his fatigues, + trials, and combats, by his own stout courage, under the + blessing of heaven: but to express that species of inspired + heroism by which women are supported in the path of duty, + notwithstanding the natural feebleness and timidity of their + nature, Christiana and Mercy obtain from the interpreter their + guide, called Great-heart, by whose strength and valour their + lack of both is supplied, and the dangers and distresses of + the way repelled and overcome. + + "The author hints, at the end of the second part, as if 'it + might be his lot to go this way again;' nor was his mind that + light species of soil which could be exhausted by two crops. + But he left to another and very inferior hand the task of + composing a third part, containing the adventures of one + Tender Conscience, far unworthy to be bound up, as it + sometimes is, with John Bunyan's matchless parable." + + * * * * * + +'Tis necessary a writing critic should understand how to write. And +though every writer is not bound to show himself in the capacity of +critic, every writing critic is bound to show himself capable of being +a writer. + +_Shaftesbury Criticism_ + + * * * * * + + + +NOTES OF A READER. + + +LACONICS. + +(_From Maxwell. By Theodore Hook_.) + + +_Professional People_. + +None of our fellow-creatures enjoy life more than the successful +member of one of the learned professions. There is, it is true, +constant toil; but there are constant excitement, activity, and +enthusiasm; at least, where there is not enthusiasm in a profession, +success will never come--and as to the affairs of the world in +general, the divine, the lawyer, and the medical man, are more +conversant and mixed up with them, than any other human +beings--cabinet ministers themselves, not excepted. + +The divine, by the sacred nature of his calling, and the higher +character of his duties, is, perhaps, farther removed from an +immediate contact with society; his labours are of a more exalted +order, and the results of those labours not open to ordinary +observation; but the lawyer in full practice knows the designs and +devices of half our acquaintance; it is true, professional decorum +seals his lips, but _he_ has them all before him in his "mind's +eye,"--all their litigations and littlenesses,--all their cuttings, +and carvings, and contrivings. He knows why a family, who hate the +French with all the fervour of British prejudice, visits Paris, and +remains there for a year or two; he can give a good reason why a man +who delights in a well preserved property in a sporting country, with +a house well built and beautifully situated, consents to "_spare it_," +at a reduced price, to a man for whom he cares nothing upon earth: and +looks at the world fully alive to the motives, and perfectly aware of +the circumstances, of three-fourths of the unconscious actors by whom +he is surrounded. + +The eminent medical man stands, if not upon higher ground, at least in +a more interesting position. As he mingles with the gay assembly, or +visits the crowded ball, he knows the latent ills, the hidden, yet +incurable disorders of the laughing throng by which he is encircled; +he sees premature death lurking under the hectic flush on the cheek of +the lovely Fanny, and trembles for the fate of the kind-hearted Emily, +as he beholds her mirthfully joining in the mazy dance. He, too, by +witnessing the frequently recurring scenes of death, beholds the +genuine sorrow of the bereaved wife, or the devoted husband--and can, +by the constant unpremeditated exhibitions of fondness and feeling, +appreciate the affection which exists in such and such places, and +understand, with an almost magical power, the value of the links by +which society is held together. + + +_Middle Life_. + +There is more healthful exercise for the mind in the uneven paths of +middling life, than there is on the Macadamized road of fortune. Were +the year all summer, how tiresome would be the green leaves and the +bright sunshine--as, indeed, those will admit, who have lived in +climates where vegetation is always at work. + + +_Unwelcome Truth_. + +Plain speaking was Mousetrap's distinctive characteristic; his +conversation abounded in blunt truisms, founded upon a course of +thinking somewhat peculiar to himself, but which, when tried by the +test of human vice and human folly, proved very frequently to be a +great deal more accurate than agreeable. + + +_Stockbrokers_. + +"I know some of them brokering boys are worth a million on Monday, and +threepence on Thursday--all in high feather one week, and poor +waddling creturs the next." + + +_Mercantile Life_. + +A dark hole of a counting-house, with a couple of clerk chaps, cocked +up upon long-legged stools, writing out letters--a smoky +fireplace--two or three files, stuck full of dirty papers, hanging +against the wall--an almanack, and a high-railed desk, with a slit in +a panel, with "bills for acceptance" painted over it. They are the +chaps "wot" makes time-bargains--they speculate for thousands, having +nothing in the world--and then at the wind-up of a week or two, pay +each other what they call the difference: that is to say, the change +between what they cannot get, and what they have not got. + + +_The Secret Spring_. + +There are with all great affairs smaller affairs connected, so that in +the watch-work of society, the most skilful artist is sometimes +puzzled to fix upon the very little wheel by which the greater wheels +are worked. + + +"_Bad Company_." + +The subject under discussion was the great advantages likely to arise +from the establishment of the North Shields Sawdust Consolidation +Company, in which Apperton told Maxwell there were still seventy-four +shares to be purchased: they were hundred pound shares, and were +actually down at eighty-nine, would be at fifteen premium on the +following Saturday, and must eventually rise to two hundred and +thirty, for reasons which he gave in the most plausible manner, and +which were in themselves perfectly satisfactory, as he said, to the +"meanest capacity;" a saying with which it might have been perfectly +safe to agree. + + +_Love_. + +What does Sterne say? That love is no more made by talking of it, than +a black pudding would be. Habit, association, assimilation of tastes, +communion of thought, kindness without pretension, solicitude without +effort, a tacit agreement and a silent sympathy; these are the +excitements and stimulants of the only sort of love that is worth +thinking of. + + +_Brighton_. + +Brighton will be as good a residence as any other; there's nobody +there knows much of either of _you_; and the place has got so big, +that you may be as snug as you please; a large town and a large party, +are the best possible shelters for love matters. Ay, go to +Brighton--the prawns for breakfast, the Wheatears (as the Cockneys +delicately call them, without knowing what they are talking about) for +dinner, and the lobsters for supper, with a cigar, and a little +ginnums and water, whiffing the wind, and sniffing the briny out of +one of the bow-window balconies--that's it--Brighton's the place, +against the world. + + +_Murder_. + +A gentleman criminal is too rich a treat to be overlooked; and a +murder in good society forms a tale of middling life, much too +interesting to be passed over in a hurry. + + +_A Love Errand_. + +He went to look for something which he had not left there, and whither +she followed him, to assist in a pursuit which she knew went for +nothing. + + * * * * * + + + +MOORE'S LIFE OF BYRON, VOL. II. + +The publication of this work, _bonâ fide_, has not yet taken place; +but we are enabled by the aid of the _Athenæum_ to quote a page. + +The volume commences with the following powerful review of Lord +Byron's mind and fortune at the time he left England:-- + + "The circumstances under which Lord Byron now took leave of + England were such as, in the case of any ordinary person, + could not be considered otherwise than disastrous and + humiliating. He had, in the course of one short year, gone + through every variety of domestic misery;--had seen his hearth + ten times profaned by the visitations of the law, and been + only saved from a prison by the privileges of his rank. He had + alienated (if, indeed, they had ever been his) the affections + of his wife; and now, rejected by her, and condemned by the + world, was betaking himself to an exile which had not even the + dignity of appearing voluntary, as the excommunicating voice + of society seemed to leave him no other resource. Had he been + of that class of unfeeling and self-satisfied natures from + whose hard surface the reproaches of others fall pointless, he + might have found in insensibility a sure refuge against + reproach; but, on the contrary, the same sensitiveness that + kept him so awake to the applauses of mankind rendered him, in + a still more intense degree, alive to their censure. Even the + strange, perverse pleasures which he felt in painting himself + unamiably to the world did not prevent him from being both + startled and pained when the world took him at his word; and, + like a child in a mask before a looking-glass, the dark + semblance which he had half in sport, put on, when reflected + back upon him from the mirror of public opinion, shocked even + himself. + + "Thus surrounded by vexations, and thus deeply feeling them, + it is not too much to say, that any other spirit but his own + would have sunk under the struggle, and lost, perhaps, + irrecoverably, that level of self-esteem which alone affords a + stand against the shocks of fortune. But in him,--furnished as + his mind was with reserves of strength, waiting to be called + out,--the very intensity of the pressure brought relief by the + proportionate reaction which it produced. Had his + transgressions and frailties been visited with no more than + their due portion of punishment, there can be little doubt + that a very different result would have ensued. Not only would + such an excitement have been insufficient to waken up the new + energies still dormant in him, but that consciousness of his + own errors, which was for ever livelily present in his mind, + would, under such circumstances, have been left, undisturbed + by any unjust provocation, to work its usual softening and, + perhaps, humbling influences on his spirit. But,--luckily, as + it proved, for the further triumphs of his genius,--no such + moderation was exercised. The storm of invective raised around + him, so utterly out of proportion with his offences, and the + base calumnies that were everywhere heaped upon his name, left + to his wounded pride no other resource than in the same + summoning up of strength, the same instinct of resistance to + injustice, which had first forced out the energies of his + youthful genius, and was now destined to give him a still + bolder and loftier range of its powers. + + * * * * * + + "But the greatest of his trials, as well as triumphs, was yet + to come. The last stage of this painful, though glorious, + course, in which fresh power was, at every step, wrung from + out of his soul, was that at which we are now arrived, his + marriage and its results,--without which, dear as was the + price paid by him in peace and character, his career would + have been incomplete, and the world still left in ignorance of + the full compass of his genius. It is indeed worthy of remark, + that it was not till his domestic circumstances began to + darken around him that his fancy, which had long been idle, + again arose upon the wing,--both the Siege of Corinth and + Parisina having been produced but a short time before the + separation. How conscious he was, too, that the turmoil which + followed was the true element of his restless spirit may be + collected from several passages of his letters, at that + period, in one of which he even mentions that his health had + become all the better for the conflict:--'It is odd,' he says, + 'but agitation or contest of any kind gives a rebound to my + spirits, and sets me up for the time.' + + "This buoyancy it was--this irrepressible spring of + mind,--that now enabled him to bear up not only against the + assaults of others, but what was still more difficult, against + his own thoughts and feelings. The muster of all his mental + resources to which, in self-defence, he had been driven, but + opened to him the yet undreamed extent and capacity of his + powers, and inspired him with a proud confidence, that he + should yet shine down these calumnious mists, convert censure + to wonder, and compel even those who could not approve to + admire. + + "The route which he now took, through Flanders and by the + Rhine, is best traced in his own matchless verses, which leave + a portion of their glory on all that they touch, and lend to + scenes, already clothed with immortality by nature and by + history, the no less durable associations of undying song." + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + SHAKSPEARE. + + +SELDEN, + + +Towards the close of his life, was so thoroughly convinced of the +superior value of the Holy Scriptures, as to declare that the 11th, +12th, 13th, and 14th verses of the second chapter of St. Paul's +Epistle to Titus, afforded him more solid satisfaction than all he had +ever read. + +H.B.A. + + * * * * * + + +FULL-BOTTOMED WIGS. + + +The full-bottomed wigs which unfortunately envelope and cloud some of +the most distinguished portraits of former days, were in fashion +during the reigns of our William and Mary. Lord Bolingbroke was one of +the first that tied them up, with which the queen was much offended, +and said to a by-stander, "he would soon come to court in his +night-cap." Soon after, tie wigs, instead of being an undress, became +the high court dress. + +H.B.A. + + * * * * * + + +A WINDOW THE CAUSE OF A WAR. + + +When the Palace of Trianon was building for Louis XIV. at the end of +Versailles' Park, that monarch went to inspect it, accompanied by +Louvois, secretary of war, and superintendent of the building. Whilst +walking arm in arm with him, he remarked that one of the windows was +out of shape, and smaller than the rest--this Louvois denied, and +asserted that he could not perceive the least difference. Louis XIV. +having had it measured, and finding that he had judged rightly, +treated Louvois in a contumelious manner before his whole court. This +conduct so incensed the minister, that when he arrived home he was +heard to say, that he would find better employment for a monarch than +that of insulting his favourites: he was as good as his word, for by +his insolence and haughtiness he insulted the other powers, and +occasioned the bloody war of 1688. + + * * * * * + +In 1306, Bruce having taken shelter in the Isle of Arran, sent a +trusty person into Carrick, to learn how his vassals stood affected to +his cause; with instructions, that, if he found them disposed to +assist him he should make a signal at a time appointed, by lighting a +fire on an eminence near the Castle of Turnbury. The messenger found +the English in possession of Carrick, the people dispirited, and none +ready to take arms; he therefore did not make the signal. But a fire +being made about noon on the appointed spot, (possibly by accident) +both Bruce and the messenger saw it. The former with his associates +put to sea to join his supposed party; the latter to prevent his +coming. They met before Bruce reached the shore, when the messenger +acquainted Bruce with the unpromising state of his affairs, and +advised him to go back; but he obeying the dictates of despair and +valour, resolved to persevere; and attacking the English, carelessly +cantoned in the neighbourhood of Turnbury, put a number of them to the +sword, and pillaged their quarters. Percy, from the castle, heard the +uproar, yet did not sally forth against them, not knowing their +strength. Bruce with his followers not exceeding three hundred in +number, remained for some days near Turnbury; but succours having +arrived from the neighbouring garrisons, he was obliged to seek safety +in the mountainous parts of Carrick. + +C.D. + + * * * * * + + +"WILLIE WASTLE." + + +When Oliver Cromwell was at Haddington, he sent a summons to the +governor of Hume Castle, ordering him to surrender. The governor +answered, + + "That he, Willie Wastle, stood firm in his castle, + That all the dogs of his town should not drive Willie Wastle down." + +This anecdote gave rise to the amusement of Willie Wastle among +children. + + * * * * * + + +When the Irish Union was effected in 1801, the Ex-Chancellor of the +Exchequer, Sir John Parnell, was the reigning _toast_. Being one +evening in a convivial party, he jocularly said that by the Union he +had lost his _bread and butter_. "Ah, my dear sir," replied a friend, +"never mind, for it is amply made up to you in _toasts_." + + * * * * * + + +CURIOUS LEGACY. + + +_By Samuel Hawkins, Esq. to White Chapel Parish, 1804, bequeathing +£300. for performing Divine Service for ever, in the said parish +church_. + +Two guineas to be paid to Curate or Rector, for preaching a sermon on +New Year's Day, from a text mentioned in his will. To Parish Clerk +10s. 6d. to sing 100th Psalm, old version, same day. To organist 10s. +6d. for playing tune to same. To Sexton 10s. 6d. if he attend the +same; and to master and mistress of the free-school, each 10s. 6d. for +attending the charity children at the same time and place; and to the +Trustees of the school three guineas for refreshments, and to supply +as many quartern loaves to be distributed to such poor as shall attend +divine service on that day. The overplus, if any, to be given in bread +to the poor of the parish that the trustees may consider proper +objects of relief. + +JAC-CO. + + * * * * * + + +WIT AND JOKES. + + +Selden says, "Nature must be the ground work of wit and art, otherwise +whatever is done will prove but Jack-pudding's work. + +"Wit must grow like fingers; if it be taken from others, 'tis like +plums stuck upon black thorns; they are there for awhile, but they +come to nothing. + +"Women ought not to know their own wit, because they will be showing +it, and so spoil it; like a child that will constantly be showing its +fine new coat, till at length it all bedaubs it with its pah hands. + +"Fine wits destroy themselves with their own plots in meddling with +great affairs of state. They commonly do as the ape, that saw the +gunner put bullets in the cannon, and was pleased with it, and he +would be doing so too; at last he puts himself into the piece, and so +both ape and bullet were shot away together." + +"The jokes, bon-mots, the little adventures, which may do very well +(says Chesterfield) in one company will seem flat and tedious when +related in another--they are often ill-timed, and prefaced thus: 'I +will tell you an excellent thing.' This raises expectations, which +when absolutely disappointed, make the relator of this excellent thing +look, very deservedly, like a fool." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +FAT FOLKS. + + +Prince Harry and Falstaff, in Shakspeare, have carried the ridicule +upon fat and lean as far as it will go. Falstaff is humorously called +_Wool-Sack_, _Bed Presser_, and _Hill of Flesh_; Harry, a +_Starveling_, an _Eel's-skin_, a _Sheath_, a _Bow-case_, and a _Tuck_. + + * * * * * + +_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset +House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; +and by all Newsmen and Booksellers_. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + +***** This file should be named 13199-8.txt or 13199-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/1/9/13199/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Victoria Woosley and PG Distributed +Proofreaders + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. XVII. No. 469. Saturday January 1, 1831 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: August 17, 2004 [EBook #13199] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Victoria Woosley and PG Distributed +Proofreaders + + + + + + +</pre> + + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page1" name="page1"></a>[pg 1]</span> + + <h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date"> + <tr> + <td align="left"><b>Vol. XVII. No. 469.</b></td> + <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY JANUARY 1, 1831</b></td> + <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2<i>d.</i></b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + +<div class="figure" style="width:75%;"><a href="images/469-1.png"><img width="75%" src="images/469-1.png" alt="" /></a><h3>Copied from one of the prints of last year's +Landscape Annual, from a drawing, by Prout. +This proves what we said of the imperishable interest +of the Engravings of the L.A.</h3></div> +<hr /> + + +<p>Petrarch and Arquà; Ariosto, Tasso, +and Ferrara;—how delightfully are these +names and sites linked in the fervour of +Italian poetry. Lord Byron halted at +these consecrated spots, in his "Pilgrimage" +through the land of song:—</p> +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">There is a tomb in Arquà;—rear'd in air,</p> +<p class="i2">Pillar'd in their sarcophagus, repose</p> +<p class="i2">The bones of Laura's lover: here repair</p> +<p class="i2">Many familiar with his well-sung woes,</p> +<p class="i2">The pilgrims of his genius. He arose</p> +<p class="i2">To raise a language, and his land reclaim</p> +<p class="i2">From the dull yoke of her barbaric foes:</p> +<p class="i2">Watering the tree which bears his lady's name</p> +<p>With his melodious tears, he gave himself to fame.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">They keep his dust in Arquà, where he died;</p> +<p class="i2">The mountain-village where his latter days</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page2" id="page2"></a>[pg 2]</span> +<p class="i2">Went down the vale of years; and 'tis their pride—</p> +<p class="i2">An honest pride—and let it be their praise,</p> +<p class="i2">To offer to the passing stranger's gaze</p> +<p class="i2">His mansion and his sepulchre; both plain</p> +<p class="i2">And venerably simple; such as raise</p> +<p class="i2">A feeling more accordant with his strain</p> +<p>Than if a pyramid form'd his monumental fane.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">And the soft quiet hamlet where he dwelt</p> +<p class="i2">Is one of that complexion which seems made</p> +<p class="i2">For those who their mortality have felt,</p> +<p class="i2">And sought a refuge from their hopes decay'd</p> +<p class="i2">In the deep umbrage of a green hill's shade,</p> +<p class="i2">Which shows a distant prospect far away</p> +<p class="i2">Of busy cities, now in vain display'd,</p> +<p class="i2">For they can lure no further; and the ray</p> +<p>Of a bright sun can make sufficient holiday,</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">Developing the mountains, leaves, and flowers,</p> +<p class="i2">And shining in the brawling brook, where-by,</p> +<p class="i2">Clear as a current, glide the sauntering hours</p> +<p class="i2">With a calm languor, which, though to the eye</p> +<p class="i2">Idlesse it seem, hath its morality.</p> +<p class="i2">If from society we learn to live,</p> +<p class="i2">'Tis solitude should teach us how to die;</p> +<p class="i2">It hath no flatterers, vanity can give</p> +<p>No hollow aid; alone—man with his God must strive;</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">Or, it may be, with demons, who impair</p> +<p class="i2">The strength of better thoughts, and seek their prey</p> +<p class="i2">In melancholy bosoms, such as were</p> +<p class="i2">Of moody texture from their earliest day,</p> +<p class="i2">And loved to dwell in darkness and dismay,</p> +<p class="i2">Deeming themselves predestin'd to a doom</p> +<p class="i2">Which is not of the pangs that pass away;</p> +<p class="i2">Making the sun like blood, the earth a tomb,</p> +<p>The tomb a hell, and hell itself a murkier gloom.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> + </div> </div> + +<p>The noble bard, not content with perpetuating +Arquà in these soul-breathing +stanzas, has appended to them the following +note:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +Petrarch retired to Arquà immediately +on his return from the unsuccessful attempt +to visit Urban V. at Rome, in the +year 1370, and, with the exception of +his celebrated visit to Venice in company +with Francesco Novello da Carrara, +he appears to have passed the four last +years of his life between that charming +solitude and Padua. For four months +previous to his death he was in a state +of continual languor, and in the morning +of July the 19th, in the year 1374, +was found dead in his library chair with +his head resting upon a book. The +chair is still shown amongst the precious +relics of Arquà, which, from the uninterrupted +veneration that has been attached +to every thing relative to this great man +from the moment of his death to the present +hour, have, it may be hoped, a better +chance of authenticity than the Shaksperian +memorials of Stratford-upon-Avon.</p> + +<p>Arquà (for the last syllable is accented +in pronunciation, although the +analogy of the English language has +been observed in the verse) is twelve +miles from Padua, and about three miles +on the right of the high road to Rovigo, +in the bosom of the Euganean Hills. +After a walk of twenty minutes across +a flat, well-wooded meadow, you come to +a little blue lake, clear, but fathomless, +and to the foot of a succession of acclivities +and hills, clothed with vineyards +and orchards, rich with fir and pomegranate +trees, and every sunny fruit +shrub. From the banks of the lake the +road winds into the hills, and the church +of Arquà is soon seen between a cleft +where two ridges slope towards each +other, and nearly inclose the village. +The houses are scattered at intervals on +the steep sides of these summits; and +that of the poet is on the edge of a little +knoll overlooking two descents, and +commanding a view not only of the +glowing gardens in the dales immediately +beneath, but of the wide plains, above +whose low woods of mulberry and willow +thickened into a dark mass by festoons +of vines, tall single cypresses, and the +spires of towns are seen in the distance, +which stretches to the mouths of the Po +and the shores of the Adriatic. The +climate of these volcanic hills is warmer, +and the vintage begins a week sooner +than in the plains of Padua. Petrarch +is laid, for he cannot be said to be +buried, in a sarcophagus of red marble, +raised on four pilasters on an elevated +base, and preserved from an association +with meaner tombs. It stands conspicuously +alone, but will be soon overshadowed +by four lately planted laurels. +Petrarch's fountain, for here every thing +is Petrarch's, springs and expands itself +beneath an artificial arch, a little below +the church, and abounds plentifully, in +the driest season, with that soft water +which was the ancient wealth of the +Euganean Hills. It would be more attractive, +were it not, in some seasons, +beset with hornets and wasps. No +other coincidence could assimilate the +tombs of Petrarch and Archilochus. +The revolutions of centuries have spared +these sequestered valleys, and the only +violence which has been offered to the +ashes of Petrarch was prompted, not by +hate, but veneration. An attempt was +made to rob the sarcophagus of its treasure, +and one of the arms was stolen by +a Florentine through a rent which is +still visible. The injury is not forgotten, +but has served to identify the +poet with the country, where he was +born, but where he would not live. A +peasant boy of Arquà being asked who +Petrarch was, replied, "that the people +of the parsonage knew all about him, +but that he only knew that he was a +Florentine."</p> + +<p>Every footstep of Laura's lover has +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page3" id="page3"></a>[pg 3]</span> +been anxiously traced and recorded. +The house in which he lodged is shown +in Venice. The inhabitants of Arezzo, +in order to decide the ancient controversy +between their city and the neighbouring +Ancisa, where Petrarch was +carried when seven months old, and remained +until his seventh year, have designated +by a long inscription the spot +where their great fellow citizen was +born. A tablet has been raised to him +at Parma, in the chapel of St. Agatha, +at the cathedral, because he was archdeacon +of that society, and was only +snatched from his intended sepulture in +their church by a <i>foreign</i> death. Another +tablet with a bust has been erected +to him at Pavia, on account of his having +passed the autumn of 1368 in that city, +with his son-in-law Brossano. The +political condition which has for ages +precluded the Italians from the criticism +of the living, has concentrated their attention +to the illustration of the dead. +</p></blockquote> + +<p>Byron's visit was in 1818. Of this +we may quote more on the appearance +of Mr. Moore's second volume of the +Poet's Life. Meanwhile, let us add the +following graceful paper from the +<i>Athenæum</i>, June 12, 1830: the subject +harmonizes most happily with the classic +title of that journal. It will be perceived +that the tourist is familiar with +Mr. Prout's drawing, or the original of +our Engraving.</p> + +<blockquote><p> +At Monselice we took another carriage, +and dashed off to the Euganean +Hills, to visit Arquà, the last dwelling +and the burial-place of Petrarch. The +road, in the feeling of M'Adam, is antediluvian, +or rather post-diluvian, for it is +little better than a water-course; but it +passes through a country where I first +saw olive-trees in abundance, vines in +the luxuriance of nature, and pomegranates +growing in hedges. The situation +of the little village is perfectly delightful—of +Petrarch's villa, beautiful. +The apartments he occupied command +the finest view, and are so detached from +the noise and annoyances of the farm +dwelling, though connected under one +roof, that I think it not impossible he +made the addition. There are four or +five rooms altogether, if two little closets +of not more than six feet by three may +be called rooms; yet one of these is +believed to have been his study; and in +his study, and at his literary enjoyments, +he died. Every thing is preserved with +a reverential care that does honour to +the people; and his chair, like less holy +and less credible relics, is inclosed in a +wire-frame, to prevent the dilapidations +of the curious. I believe these things +to be genuine. I believe in the local +traditions that point out his study, and +his kitchen, and his dying chamber.—Petrarch +was all but idolized in his own +time, and his fame has known no diminution; +therefore these affectionate recollections +of him have always been +treasured there for the gratification of +his pilgrims, and with a becoming reverence +themselves, the people naturally +set apart as sacred all that belonged to +him. I have noticed the compactness +of his few rooms, and their separation +from the larger apartments—they have +also a separate communication by a +small elegant flight of steps into the +garden, as you may see in Prout's drawing. +If the rooms were not an addition, +and it did not suggest itself at the +moment to look attentively, I believe +these little architectural and ornamental +steps to have been; and as we know he +did meddle with brick and mortar, by +building a small chapel here, the conjecture +is not improbable;—it is but a +conjecture, and remains for others to +confirm or disprove.</p> + +<p>A little wild, irregular walk runs, serpent +like, all round the garden, which, +situated at the head of the valley, is +shut in by the hills—itself a wilderness +of luxuriance and beauty. It was a +glorious evening, and every thing in +agreement with our quiet feeling. I +am not an enthusiast, and to you I need +not affect to be other than I am; but I +have felt this day sensibly, and shall remember +it for ever. Petrarch's fame is +worth the noise and nothing of all the +men-slayers since Cain! It is fame +indeed, holy and lovely, when the name +and reputation of a man, remembered +only for wisdom and virtue, shall have +extended into remote and foreign kingdoms +with such a sound and echo, that +centuries after a stranger turns aside +into these mountains to visit his humble +dwelling. It is the verification of the +prediction of Boccaccio—"This village, +hardly known even at Padua, will become +famous through the world." I do not +presume to offer a eulogy on Petrarch +as a writer, but as a man. In all the +relations of son, brother, father, he is +deserving all honour; and I know not +another instance of such long-continued, +sincere, and graceful friendships, through +all varieties of fortune, from the Cardinal +of Cabassole, to the poor fisherman +at Vaucluse, as his life offers; including +literary friendships, which, after so many +years, passed without one discordant +feeling of rivalry or jealousy, ended so +generously and beautifully, with his +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page4" id="page4"></a>[pg 4]</span> +bequest to poor Boccaccio of "five hundred +florins of the gold of Florence, to +buy him a winter habit for his evening +studies," and this noble testimony of his +ability in addition—"I am ashamed to +leave so small a sum to so great a man."</p> + +<p>Petrarch, in my opinion, was one of +the most amiable men that ever lived;—I +know nothing about Laura, or her ten +children; I agree with those who believe +the whole was a dream or an allegory; +and, I half suspect that Shakspeare +thought so too, and following a fashion, +addressed his own sonnets to some like +persons; at any rate, no one knows +about either much more than I do;—certainly +Petrarch's <i>real</i> love had more +real consequences. Petrarch was a sincere +Christian, without intolerance—a +sound patriot, without austerity; who +neither wasted his feelings in the idle +generalities of philosophy, nor restricted +them to the narrow limits of a party or +faction;—he was just, generous, affectionate, +and gentle. All his sonnets +together do not shed a lustre on him +equal to the sincere, single-hearted, +mild, yet uncompromising spirit that +breathes throughout the letters of advice +and remonstrance, which, not idly +or obstrusively, but under the sanction +and authority of his great name, and the +affectionate regard professed for him, +he addressed to all whom he believed +influential either for good or ill; from +Popes and Emperors, to the well meaning +insane tribune of Rome.</p> + +<p>We went after this to see his tomb, +which is honourable without being ostentatious: +a plain stone sarcophagus, +resting on four pillars, and surmounted +by a bust; suited to the quiet of his life, +his home, and his resting-place. I +passed altogether a day that will shine +a bright star in memory; and we wandered +about there, unwilling to leave it, +until long after the ave-maria bell had +tolled, and were obliged in consequence +to get a guide, and return by another +road through the marshes, where I first +saw those fairy insects the fire-flies, and +thousands of them. For this we are +detained the night at Monselice, and +must rise the earlier, for we have written +to ——, fixing the day of our arrival +at Florence. +</p></blockquote> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>THE SILENT ACADEMY, OR +THE EMBLEMS. </h3> + +<h3>FROM THE FRENCH.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + + +<p>There was at Amadan, a celebrated +academy, the first statute of which was +contained in these terms. "<i>The Academicians +think much, write little, and +speak but as little as possible</i>." They +were called "The Silent Academy," +and there was not a man of learning in +all Persia but was ambitious of being admitted +of their number. Doctor Zeb, +author of an excellent little work, entitled +"The Gag," understood in his +distant province that there was a vacant +place in the Silent Academy. He set +out immediately, arrived at Amadan, +and presenting himself at the door of +the hall, where the members were assembled, +he desired the doorkeeper to +deliver to the president, a billet to this +import, "<i>Doctor Zeb humbly asks the +vacant place</i>." The doorkeeper immediately +acquitted himself of his commission, +but, alas! the doctor and his billet +were too late, the place had been already +filled.</p> + +<p>The whole academy were affected at +this <i>contretems</i>; they had received a +little before, as member, a court wit, +whose eloquence, light and lively, was +the admiration of the populace, and saw +themselves obliged to refuse Doctor Zeb, +who was the very scourge of chatterers, +and with a head so well formed and furnished.</p> + +<p>The president, whose place it was to +announce to the doctor the disagreeable +news, knew not what to resolve on. +After having thought a little he filled a +large cup with water, and that so very +full, that one drop more would have +made it spill over. Then he made the +sign that they might introduce the candidate. +He appeared with that modest +and simple air which always accompanies +true merit. The president rose, +and without saying a word, he pointed +out to him with an afflicted air, the +emblematic cup, the cup so exactly full. +The doctor apprehended the meaning +that there was no room for him in +the academy; but taking courage, he +thought to make them understand that +an academician supernumerary would +derange nothing. Therefore, seeing at +his feet a rose leaf, he picked it up and +laid it delicately on the surface of the +water, and that so gently, that not a +single drop escaped.</p> + +<p>At this ingenious answer they were +all full of admiration, and in spite of +rules, Doctor Zeb was admitted with +acclamation.</p> + +<p>They directly presented to him the +register of the academy in which they +inscribed their names on their admission, +and the doctor having done so, nothing +more remained than to thank them in a +few words according to custom. But +Doctor Zeb, as a truly <i>silent</i> academician, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page5" id="page5"></a>[pg 5]</span> +thanked them without saying a +word. He wrote on the margin the +number 100, which was the number of +his new brethren, and then placing a +cipher before the figure (0100) he wrote +beneath "<i>Their worth is neither less +nor more</i>." The president answered +the modest doctor with as much politeness +as presence of mind: he put the +figure 1 before the number 100, and +wrote (1100) "<i>They are ten times what +they were before</i>."</p> + +<h4><i>Dorset</i>.</h4> + +<h4>COLBOURNE.</h4> + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>The Topographer.</h2> + + +<h3>TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES.</h3> + + +<p><i>Vale of Tawy—Copper Works, &c.—Coal +Trade.</i>—In our former paper<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> we +gave a description of the Vale of Tawy, +as it appears by night; we will now +again revisit it. The stranger who explores +this vale must expect to return +with a bad headache. We have described +it as a desolate looking place, when seen +at night, but the darkness only throws a +veil over its barrenness. The face of +the country, which would otherwise have +been beautiful, is literally scorched by +the desolating effects of the copper +smoke; and when it is considered that +a multitude of flues are constantly emitting +smoke and flames strongly impregnated +with sulphur, arsenic, &c., it is +not to be wondered at. A canal runs +up the vale into the country for sixteen +miles, to an elevation of 372 feet: it is +flanked near the copper-works by many +millions of tons of copper slag; and +there are no less than thirty-six locks on +the line. It is a fact, that in spite of +the infernal atmosphere, a great many +of the people employed in these works +attain old age. Every evil effect about +Swansea, however, is ascribed to the +copper smoke. The houses in this district +are remarkable for clean exterior: +the custom of whitewashing the roofs, +as well as the walls, produces a pleasing +effect, and is a relief to the eye in such +a desert. There are eight large copper +smelting establishments, besides several +rolling-mills, now at work; the whole +country is covered with tram-roads and +coal-pits, many of which vomit forth +their mineral treasures close to the road +side. At Landore, about two miles from +Swansea, is a large steam-engine, made +by Bolton and Watt, which was formerly +the lion of the neighbourhood. This +pumping engine draws the water from all +the collieries in the vale, throwing up one +hundred gallons of water at each stroke: +it makes twelve strokes in a minute, and +consequently discharges 72,000 gallons +an hour. This engine, however, is very +inferior in construction and finish to the +pumping engines of Cornwall, some of +which are nearly three hundred horsepower. +At the consols mines, there are +two engines, each with cylinders of ninety +inches in diameter, and everything about +them kept as clean as a drawing-room. +What an extraordinary triumph of the +ingenuity of man, when it is considered +that one of these gigantic engines can be +stopped in an instant, by the mere application +of the fingers and thumb of +the engineer to a screw! The quantity +of coals consumed by the copper-works +is enormous. We have heard that +Messrs. Vivians, who have the largest +works on the river, alone consume +40,000 tons annually: this coal is all +small, and not fit for exportation. The +copper trade may be considered as comparatively +of modern date. The first +smelting works were erected at Swansea, +about a century ago; but now it is calculated +that they support, including the +collieries and shipping dependant on +them, 10,000 persons, and that 3,000<i>l.</i> +is circulated weekly by their means in +this district. Till within the last few +years, there were considerable copper +smelting establishments at Hayle, in +Cornwall; but that county possessing +no coals, they were obliged to be abandoned, +as it was found to be much +cheaper to bring the ore to the coal than +the latter to the ore. Formerly, from +the want of machinery to drain the +water from the workings (copper being +generally found at a much greater depth +than tin), the miners were compelled to +relinquish the metallic vein before reaching +the copper: indeed, when it was +first discovered, and even so late as 1735, +they were so ignorant of its value, that +a Mr. Coster, a mineralogist in Bristol, +observing large quantities of it lying +amongst the heaps of rubbish round the +tin mines, contracted to purchase as +much of it as could be supplied, and +continued to gain by Cornish ignorance +for a considerable time. The first discoverer +of the ore was called Poder (it +long went by his name), who actually +abandoned the mine in consequence; +and we find that it was for some time +considered that "<i>the ore came in and +spoilt the tin</i>." In the year 1822 the +produce of the Cornish copper mines +amounted to 106,723 tons of ore, which +produced 9,331 tons of copper, and +676,285<i>l.</i> in money. In the same year, +the quantity of tin ore raised was only +20,000 tons. The Irish and Welsh ores +are generally much richer than those of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page6" id="page6"></a>[pg 6]</span> +Cornwall; but occasionally they strike +on a very rich <i>lode</i> (or vein) in that +county. Last spring, some ore from +the Penstruthal mine was ticketed at +Truro, at the enormous price of 54<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> +per ton; and a short time previous, in +the Great St. George Mine, near St. +Agnes, a lode was struck five feet thick, +which was worth 20<i>l.</i> a ton. There are +only six other copper-works in the kingdom +besides those of Swansea, five of +which are within fifteen miles of that +town; the other is at Amlwch (in the +isle of Anglesea), where the Marquess of +Anglesea smelts the ore raised in his +mines there. The annual import of ore +into Swansea in 1812 was 53,353 tons; +in 1819, 70,256 tons were brought coastwise: +besides which, several thousand +tons of copper ore are imported from +America every year. Since this period +there has been a large increase. Most +of the ships which are freighted with +copper ore load back with coal, for the +Cornish and Irish markets. Of bituminous, +in 1812, 43,529 chalders, and in +1819, 46,457 chalders were shipped +coastwise, besides a foreign trade of +about 5,000 chalders every year. Most +of this goes to France, the French vessels +coming here in ballast for this purpose; +but all coal shipped for abroad +must be riddled through a screen composed +of iron bars, placed three-eighths +of an inch apart, as it is literally almost +dust. Great hopes are now entertained +here that government will abolish the +oppressive duty on sea-borne coal. In +the stone-coal and culm<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> trade, Swansea +and Neath almost supply the whole +kingdom. Independent of foreign trade, +55,066 chalders of culm and 10,319 tons +of stone-coal were shipped coastwise in +1819: last year the ports of Swansea +and Neath shipped 123,000 chalders of +stone-coal and culm. Stone-coal improves +in quality as it advances westward. +That of Milford, of which however +only about 6,000 chalders are +annually exported, sells generally at +from 50<i>s.</i> to 60<i>s.</i> per chaldron in the +London market—a price vastly exceeding +the finest Newcastle coal. It emits +no smoke, and is used principally in +lime-burning and in manufactories where +an intense heat and the absence of smoke +is required. The Swansea culm is mostly +obtained about thirteen miles from the +town. The bituminous coal mines in +the vale of Tawy are fast getting exhausted, +and the supply of coal must at +no distant day be drawn farther westward, +near the Burry River, where the +quality of the coal is much improved, +approaching nearer to that of Newcastle. +The national importance of the +inexhaustible supply of this mineral +which exists in Wales, is incalculable; +but as it has already been alluded to in +<i>The Mirror</i>, in an extract from Mr. +Bakewell's Geology, we will not farther +pursue the subject.<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> While mentioning +the trade of Swansea, we should not +omit to state that two extensive potteries, +tin and ironworks, and founderies, +&c., and bonding warehouses and yards +for foreign goods, &c. exist here.</p> + +<h4>VYVIAN.</h4> + + +<hr /> + + + + +<h2>Spirit Of The Annuals.</h2> + +<h3>A FRENCH GENTLEMAN'S LETTER TO AN +ENGLISH FRIEND IN LONDON.</h3> + + +<p>Ah my deer frend—I cannot feel the +plaisir I expresse to come to your country +charming, for you see. We are arrive +at Southampton before yesterday at +one hour of the afternoon, and we are +debarked very nice. I never believe +you when at Paris, you tell me that the +Englishwomen get on much before our +women; but now I agree quite with +you; I know you laughing at your +countrywomen for take such long steps! +My faith! I never saw such a mode to +walk; they take steps long like the man! +Very pretty women! but not equal to +ours! White skins, and the tint fresh, +but they have no mouths nor no eyes. +Our women have lips like rose-buttons; +and eyes of lightning; the English have +mouth wide like the toads, and their +eyes are like <i>"dreaming sheeps,"</i> as one +of our very talented writers say, "mouton +qui rève." It is excellent, that. I +am not perceived so many English ladies +<i>tipsy</i> as I expect; our General Pilon +say they all drink brandy; this I have +not seen very much. I was very surprise +to see the people's hair of any colour +but red, because all our travellers say +there is no other hair seen, except red +or white! But I come here filled with +candour, and I say I <i>have seen some</i> people +whose hair was not red. You tell +me often at Paris, that we have no music +in France. My dear friend, how you +are deceived yourself! Our music is +the finest in the world, and the German +come after; you other English have no +music; and if you had some, you have +no language to sing with. It is necessary +that you may avow your language is not +useful for the purpose ordinary of the +world. Your window of shop are all +filled at French names—"des gros de +Naples," "des gros des Indes," "des +gros d'été," &c. If English lady go for +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page7" id="page7"></a>[pg 7]</span> +demand, show me, if you please, sir, +some "fats of Naples," some "fats of +India," and some "fats of summer," +the linendraper not understand at all. +Then the colours different at the silks, +people say, "puce évanouie," "oeil de +l'empereur," "flammes, d'enfer," "feu +de l'opéra;" but you never hear lady +say, I go for have gown made of "fainting +fleas," or "emperors' eyes," or +"opera fires," or of the "flames" of a +place which you tell me once for say +never to ears polite! You also like very +much our musique in England; the +street-organs tell you best the taste of +the people, and I hear them play always +"Le petit tambour," "Oh, gardezvous, +bergerette," "Dormez, mes chéres +amours," and twenty little French airs, +of which we are fatigued there is a long +time. I go this morning for make visit +to the house of a very nice family. When +I am there some time, I demand of the +young ladies, what for they not go out? +One reply, "Thank you, sir, we are +always oblige for stay at home, because +papa <i>enjoy such very bad health</i>." I +say, "Oh yes! How do you do your +papa this morning, misses!" "He is +much worse, I am obliged to you, sir!" +I bid them good bye, and think in myself +how the English are odd to <i>enjoy</i> bad +health, and the young ladies much oblige +to me because their papa was much +worse! "Chacun à son goút," as we +say. In my road to come home, I see a +board on a gate, and I stopped myself +for read him. He was for say, any persons +beating carpets, playing cricket, +and such like diversions there, should +be persecuted. My faith! you other +English are so droll to find any diversion +in beating carpets! Yet it is quite as +amusing as to play the cricket, to beat +one little ball with big stick, then run +about like madmen, then throw away +big stick, and get great knock upon +your face or legs. And then at cards +again! What stupid game whist! Play +for amuse people, but may not laugh +any! Ah! how the English are droll! +I have nothing of more for say to you +at present; but I am soon seeing you, +when I do assure you of the eternal regard +and everlasting affection of your +much attached friend.—<i>Comic Offering</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL.</h3> + + +<p>We have taken a slice, or rather, <i>four +cuts</i>, from Mr. Hood's facetious volume. +Their fun needs not introduction, +for the effect of wit is instantaneous. +To talk about them would be +like saying "see how droll they are." +We omitted the Conditions drawn up +by the Provisional Government, (the +baker, butcher, publican, &c.) in our +account of the revolutionary stir, or as +the march-of-mind people call a riot, +"the ebullition of popular feeling," at +Stoke Pogis. Here they are, worthy of +any Vestry in the kingdom, Select or +otherwise.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"<i>Conditions.</i></p> + +<p>"1. That for the future, widows in +Stoke Pogis shall be allowed their thirds, +and Novembers their fifths.</p> + +<p>"2. That the property of Guys shall +be held inviolable, and their persons +respected.</p> + +<p>"3. That no arson be allowed, but +all bon-fires shall be burnt by the common +hangman.</p> + +<p>"4. That every rocket shall be allowed +an hour to leave the place.</p> + +<p>"5. That the freedom of Stoke Pogis +be presented to Madame Hengler, in a +cartridge-box.</p> + +<p>"6. That the military shall not be +called out, uncalled for.</p> + +<p>"7. That the parish beadle, for the +time being, be authorized to stand no +nonsense.</p> + +<p>"8. That his Majesty's mail be permitted +to pass on the night in question.</p> + +<p>"9. That all animosities be buried in +oblivion, at the Parish expense.</p> + +<p>"10. That the ashes of old bon-fires +be never raked up.</p> + +<p>" (Signed) +<span style="margin-left: 10em; display: block;">{WAGSTAFF, High Constable.</span> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">{WIGSBY."</span></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p>Our next quotations are two comico-serio +Ballads:—</p> + + +<h4>FRENCH AND ENGLISH.</h4> + +<blockquote><p> +"Good Heaven! why even the little children +in France speak French!" ADDISON. +</p></blockquote> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">I.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Never go to France</p> +<p>Unless you know the lingo,</p> +<p>If you do, like me,</p> +<p>You will repent by jingo,</p> +<p>Staring like a fool</p> +<p>And silent as a mummy,</p> +<p>There I stood alone,</p> +<p>A nation with a dummy.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">II.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Chaises stand for chairs,</p> +<p>They christen letters <i>Billies,</i></p> +<p>They call their mothers <i>mares,</i></p> +<p>And all their daughters <i>fillies;</i></p> +<p>Strange it was to hear,</p> +<p>I'll tell you what's a good 'un,</p> +<p>They call their leather <i>queer</i>,</p> +<p>And half their shoes are wooden.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page8" id="page8"></a>[pg 8]</span> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">III.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Signs I had to make</p> +<p>For every little notion,</p> +<p>Limbs all going like</p> +<p>A telegraph in motion.</p> +<p>For wine I reel'd about,</p> +<p>To show my meaning fully,</p> +<p>And made a pair of horns.</p> +<p>To ask for "beef and bully."</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">IV.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Moo! I cried for milk;</p> +<p>I got my sweet things snugger,</p> +<p>When I kissed Jeannette,</p> +<p>'Twas understood for sugar.</p> +<p>If I wanted bread.</p> +<p>My jaws I set a-going,</p> +<p>And asked for new-laid eggs</p> +<p>By clapping hands and crowing.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">V.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>If I wished a ride,</p> +<p>I'll tell you how I got it:</p> +<p>On my stick astride,</p> +<p>I made believe to trot it;</p> +<p>Then their cash was strange,</p> +<p>It bored me every minute,</p> +<p>Now here's a <i>hog</i> to change,</p> +<p>How many <i>sows</i> are in it.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">VI.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Never go to France</p> +<p>Unless you know the lingo;</p> +<p>If you do, like me,</p> +<p>You will repent, by jingo;</p> +<p>Staring like a fool,</p> +<p>And silent as a mummy,</p> +<p>There I stood alone,</p> +<p>A nation with a dummy.</p> + </div> </div> + + +<h4>THE DUEL.</h4> + +<h4>A SERIOUS BALLAD.</h4> + +<blockquote><p> +"Like the two Kings of Brentford smelling at +one nosegay." +</p></blockquote> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>In Brentford town, of old renown,</p> +<p class="i2">There lived a Mister Bray.</p> +<p>Who fell in love with Lucy Bell,</p> +<p class="i2">And so did Mr. Clay.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>To see her ride from Hammersmith,</p> +<p class="i2">By all it was allowed,</p> +<p>Such fair outsides are seldom seen,</p> +<p class="i2">Such Angels on a Cloud.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Said Mr. Bray to Mr. Clay,</p> +<p class="i2">You choose to rival me,</p> +<p>And court Miss Bell, but there your court</p> +<p class="i2">No thoroughfare shall be.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Unless you now give up your suit,</p> +<p class="i2">You may repent your love</p> +<p>I who have shot a pigeon match,</p> +<p class="i2">Can shoot a turtle dove.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>So pray before you woo her more,</p> +<p class="i2">Consider what you do;</p> +<p>If you pop aught to Lucy Bell—</p> +<p class="i2">I'll pop it into you.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Said Mr. Clay to Mr. Bray.</p> +<p class="i2">Your threats I quite explode;</p> +<p>One who has been a volunteer</p> +<p class="i2">Knows how to prime and load.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>And so I say to you unless</p> +<p class="i2">Your passion quiet keeps,</p> +<p>I who have shot and hit bulls' eyes</p> +<p class="i2">May chance to hit a sheep's.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Now gold is oft for silver changed,</p> +<p class="i2">And that for copper red;</p> +<p>But these two went away to give</p> +<p class="i2">Each other change for lead.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>But first they sought a friend a-piece,</p> +<p class="i2">This pleasant thought to give—</p> +<p>When they were dead, they thus should have</p> +<p class="i2">Two seconds still to live.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>To measure out the ground not long</p> +<p class="i2">The seconds then forbore,</p> +<p>And having taken one rash step,</p> +<p class="i2">They took a dozen more.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>They next prepared each pistol-pan</p> +<p class="i2">Against the deadly strife,</p> +<p>By putting in the prime of death</p> +<p class="i2">Against the prime of life.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Now all was ready for the foes,</p> +<p class="i2">But when they took their stands.</p> +<p>Fear made them tremble so they found</p> +<p class="i2">They both were shaking hands.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Said Mr. C. to Mr. B.,</p> +<p class="i2">Here one of us may fall,</p> +<p>And like St. Paul's Cathedral now,</p> +<p class="i2">Be doom'd to have a ball.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>I do confess I did attach</p> +<p class="i2">Misconduct to your name;</p> +<p>If I withdraw the charge, will then</p> +<p class="i2">Your ramrod do the same?</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>Said Mr. B. I do agree—</p> +<p class="i2">But think of Honour's Courts!</p> +<p>If We go off without a shot,</p> +<p class="i2">There will be strange reports</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>But look, the morning now is bright,</p> +<p class="i2">Though cloudy it begun;</p> +<p>Why can't we aim above, as if</p> +<p class="i2">We had call'd out the sun?</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>So up into the harmless air</p> +<p class="i2">Their bullets they did send;</p> +<p>And may all other duels have</p> +<p class="i2">That upshot in the end.</p> + </div> </div> + +<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page9" id="page9"></a>[pg 9]</span> +<h4> CUTS FROM HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL.</h4> + +<p>We next quote brief illustrations of +the Cuts on the opposite page. It may +be observed that the articles themselves +have but little <i>esprit</i>, and that, unlike +most occasions, the wit lies in the +wood.</p> + +<p>First is a Sonnet accompanying the +cut "Infantry at Mess."</p> + +<a href="images/469-2.png"></a> +<img width="75%" src="images/469-2.png" alt="INFANTRY AT MESS" /> + + + +<blockquote><p> +"Sweets to the sweet—farewell."—<i>Hamlet.</i> +</p></blockquote> + +<p class="poem">Time was I liked a cheesecake well enough;<br /> +All human children have a sweetish tooth—<br /> +I used to revel in a pie or puff,<br /> +Or tart—we all are <i>tarters</i> in our youth;<br /> +To meet with jam or jelly was good luck,<br /> +All candies most complacently I cramped.<br /> +A stick of liquorice was good to suck,<br /> +And sugar was as often liked as lumped;<br /> +On treacle's "linked sweetness long drawn out,"<br /> +Or honey, I could feast like any fly,<br /> +I thrilled when lollipops were hawk'd about,<br /> +How pleased to compass hardbake or bull's eye,<br /> +How charmed if fortune in my power cast,<br /> +Elecampane—but that campaign is past.</p> + + + +<hr /> + +<div style="float: left;"><p><a href="images/469-3.png"></a><img width="50%" src="images/469-3.png" align="right" alt="PICKING YOUR WAY." /> +<br /> <br />"Picking his way," belongs to a day +(April 17) in a "Scrape Book," with +the motto of "Luck's all:"</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"17th. Had my eye pick'd out by a +pavior, who was <i>axing</i> his way, he +didn't care where. Sent home in a +hackney-chariot that upset. Paid Jarvis +a sovereign for a shilling. My luck +all over!" +</p></blockquote></div> + +<hr /> + + +<div style="float: right;"><p> +<a href="images/469-4.png"></a><img width="50%" src="images/469-4.png" align="left" alt="" /><br /><br />The Schoolmaster's Motto, accompanying "Palmam qui meruit ferat!" +is too long for extract.</p></div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div style="float: left;"><p><a href="images/469-5.png"></a><img width="50%" src="images/469-5.png" align="right" alt="'I DO PRECEIVE HERE A DIVIDED DUTY'" /> +<br /><br /> The chief fun of the countryman and +his Pigs lies in the cut.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page10" id="page10"></a>[pg 10]</span> + + +<h2>Spirit Of The +Public Journals.</h2> + + +<h3>BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a></h3> + + +<p>Of the first appearance of this celebrated +parable, Mr. Southey's diligence +has preserved the following notices:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"'It is not known in what year the +Pilgrim's Progress was first published, +no copy of the first edition having as yet +been discovered; the second is in the +British Museum; it is "with additions," +and its date is 1678; but as the book is +known to have been written during Bunyan's +imprisonment, which terminated +in 1672, it was probably published before +his release, or at latest immediately after +it. The earliest with which Mr. Major +has been able to supply me, either by +means of his own diligent inquiries, or +the kindness of his friends, is that +"eighth e-di-ti-on" so humorously introduced +by Gay, and printed—not for +Ni-cho-las Bod-ding-ton, but for Nathanael +Ponder, at the Peacock in the +Poultrey, near the Church, 1682; for +whom also the ninth was published in +1684, and the tenth in 1685. All these +no doubt were large impressions.'</p> + +<p>"When the astonishing success of the +Pilgrim's Progress had raised a swarm +of imitators, the author himself, according +to the frequent fashion of the world, +was accused of plagiarism, to which he +made an indignant reply, in what he considered +as verses, prefixed to his 'Holy +War.'</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>'Some say the Pilgrim's Progress is not mine,</p> +<p>Insinuating as if I would shine</p> +<p>In name and fame by the worth of another,</p> +<p>Like some made rich by robbing of their brother;</p> +<p>Or that so fond I am of being Sire,</p> +<p>I'll father bastards; or if need require,</p> +<p>I'll tell a lye in print, to get applause.</p> +<p>I scorn it; John such dirt-heap never was</p> +<p>Since God converted him. Let this suffice</p> +<p>To shew why I my Pilgrim patronize.</p> + </div><div class="stanza"> +<p>It came from mine own heart, so to my head,</p> +<p>And thence into my fingers trickled:</p> +<p>Then to my pen, from whence immediately</p> +<p>On paper I did dribble it daintily.'—p. lxxxix."</p> + </div> </div> +</blockquote> + +<p>Mr. Southey has carefully examined +this charge of supposed imitation, in +which so much rests upon the very simplicity +of the conception of the story, and +has successfully shown that the tinker +of Elstow could not have profited by one +or two allegories in the French and +Flemish languages—works which he +could have had hardly a chance to meet +with; which, if thrown in his way, he +could not have read; and, finally, which, +if he had read them, could scarcely have +supplied him with a single hint. Mr. +Southey, however, has not mentioned a +work in English, of Bunyan's own time, +and from which, certainly, the general +notion of his allegory might have been +taken. The work we allude to is now +before us, entitled, 'The Parable of the +Pilgrim, written to a friend by Symon +Patrick, D.D., Dean of Peterborough;' +the same learned person, well known by +his theological writings, and successively +Bishop of Chichester and Ely. This +worthy man's inscription is dated the +14th of December, 1672; and Mr. +Southey's widest conjecture will hardly +allow an earlier date for Bunyan's Pilgrim's +Progress, 1672 being the very +year in which he was enlarged from prison. +The language of Dr. Patrick, in +addressing his friend, excludes the possibility +of his having borrowed from +John Bunyan's celebrated work. He +apologizes for sending to his acquaintance +one in the old fashioned dress of a +pilgrim; and says he found among the +works of a late writer, Baker's Sancta +Sophia, a short discourse, under the +name of a Parable of a Pilgrim; 'which +was so agreeable to the portion of fancy +he was endowed with, that he presently +thought that a work of this nature would +be very grateful to his friends also. It +appears that the Parable of a Pilgrim, +so sketched by Dr. Patrick, remained +for some years in the possession of the +private friend for whom it was drawn +up, until, it being supposed by others +that the work might be of general utility, +it was at length published in 1678.—Before +that year the first edition of the +Pilgrim's Progress had unquestionably +made its appearance; but we equally +acquit the Dean of Peterborough and +the tinker of Elstow from copying a +thought or idea from each other. If +Dr. Patrick had seen the Pilgrim's Progress +he would, probably, in the pride +of academic learning, have scorned to +adopt it as a model; but, at all events, +as a man of worth, he would never have +denied the obligation if he had incurred +one. John Bunyan, on his part, would +in all likelihood have scorned, 'with his +very heels,' to borrow anything from a +dean; and we are satisfied that he would +have cut his hand off rather than written +the introductory verses we have quoted, +had not his Pilgrim been entirely his +own.</p> + +<p>Indeed, whosoever will take the trouble +of comparing the two works which, +turning upon nearly the same allegory, +and bearing very similar titles, came into +existence at or about the very same time, +will plainly see their total dissimilarity. +Bunyan's is a close and continued allegory, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page11" id="page11"></a>[pg 11]</span> +in which the metaphorical fiction +is sustained with all the minuteness of a +real story. In Dr. Patrick's the same +plan is generally announced as arising +from the earnest longing of a traveller, +whom he calls Philotheus or Theophilus, +whose desires are fixed on journeying +to Jerusalem as a pilgrim. After much +distressing uncertainty, caused by the +contentions of pretended guides, who +recommend different routes, he is at +length recommended to a safe and intelligent +one. Theophilus hastens to put +himself under his pilotage, and the good +man gives forth his instructions for the +way, and in abundant detail, so that all +the dangers of error and indifferent company +may be securely avoided; but in +all this, very little care is taken even to +preserve the appearance of the allegory: +in a word, you have, almost in plain +terms, the moral and religious precepts +necessary to be observed in the actual +course of a moral and religious life. +The pilgrim, indeed, sets out upon his +journey, but it is only in order again to +meet with his guide, who launches further +into whole chapters of instructions, +with scarcely a reply from the passive +pupil. It is needless to point out the +extreme difference between this strain +of continued didactics, rather encumbered +than enlivened by a starting metaphor, +which, generally quite lost sight +of, the author recollects every now and +then, as if by accident—and the thoroughly +life-like manner in which John +Bunyan puts the adventures of his pilgrim +before us. Two circumstances +alone strike us as trenching somewhat +on the manner of him of Elstow: the +one is where the guide awakens some +sluggish pilgrims, whom he finds sleeping +by the way;<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> the other is where +their way is crossed by two horsemen, +who insist upon assuming the office of +guide. 'The one is a pleasing talker, +excellent company by reason of his pleasant +humour, and of a carriage very +pleasant and inviting; but they observed +he had a sword by his side, and a pair +of pistols before him, together with another +instrument hanging at his belt, +which was formed for pulling out of +eyes.'<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> The pilgrims suspected this +well-armed cavalier to be one of that +brood who will force others into their +own path, and then put out their eyes in +case they should forsake it. They have +not got rid of their dangerous companion, +by whom the Romish church is indicated, +when they are accosted by a +man of a quite different shape and humour, +'more sad and melancholy, more +rude, and of a heavier wit also, who +crossed their way on the right-hand.' +He also (representing, doubtless, the +Presbyterians or Sectaries) pressed them +with eagerness to accept his guidance, +and did little less than menace them with +total destruction if they should reject it. +A dagger and a pocket-pistol, though +less openly and ostentatiously disposed +than the arms of the first cavalier, seem +ready for the same purposes; and he, +therefore, is repulsed, as well as his +neighbour. These are the only passages +in which the church dignitary +might be thought to have caught for a +moment the spirit of the tinker of Bedford. +Through the rest of his parable, +which fills a well-sized quarto volume, +the dean no doubt evinces considerable +learning, but, compared to Bunyan, may +rank with the dullest of all possible doctors; +'a worthy neighbour, indeed, and +a marvellous good bowler—but for Alexander, +you see how 'tis.' Yet Dr. +Patrick had the applause of his own +time. The first edition of his Parable +appeared, as has been mentioned, in +1678; and the <i>sixth</i>, which now lies +before us, is dated 1687.<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a></p> + + + +<p>Mr. Southey introduces the following +just eulogium on our classic of the +common people:</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"Bunyan was confident in his own +powers of expression; he says—</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10"> —thine only way</p> +<p>Before them all, is to say out thy say</p> +<p>In thine own native language, which no man</p> +<p>Now useth, nor with ease dissemble can.</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>And he might well be confident in it. +His is a homespun style, not a manufactured +one; and what a difference is there +between its homeliness, and the flippant +vulgarity of the Roger L'Estrange and +Tom Brown school! If it is not a well +of English undefiled to which the poet +as well as the philologist must repair, if +they would drink of the living waters, it +is a clear stream of current English—the +vernacular speech of his age, sometimes +indeed in its rusticity and coarseness, +but always in its plainness and its +strength. To this natural style Bunyan +is in some degree beholden for his general +popularity;—his language is every +where level to the must ignorant reader, +and to the meanest capacity: there is a +homely reality about it; a nursery tale +is not more intelligible, in its manner of +narration, to a child. Another cause of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page12" id="page12"></a>[pg 12]</span> +his popularity is, that he taxes the imagination +as little as the understanding. +The vividness of his own, which, as his +history shows, sometimes could not distinguish +ideal impressions from actual +ones, occasioned this. He saw the things +of which he was writing as distinctly +with his mind's eye as if they were indeed +passing before him in a dream. +And the reader perhaps sees them more +satisfactorily to himself, because the outline +only of the picture is presented to +him; and the author having made no +attempt to fill up the details, every reader +supplies them according to the measure +and scope of his own intellectual and +imaginative powers." +</p></blockquote> + +<p>Mr. Southey, observing with what +general accuracy this apostle of the people +writes the English language, notwithstanding +all the disadvantages under +which his youth must have been passed, +pauses to notice one gross and repeated +error. 'The vulgarism alluded to,' says +the laureate, 'consists in the almost uniform +use of <i>a</i> for <i>have</i>—never marked as +a contraction, e.g. might <i>a</i> made me take +heed—like to <i>a</i> been smothered.' Under +favour, however, this is a sin against orthography +rather than grammar: the +tinker of Elstow only spelt according +to the pronunciation of the verb <i>to have</i>, +then common in his class; and the same +form appears a hundred times in Shakspeare. +We must not here omit to mention +the skill with which Mr. Southey +has restored much of Bunyan's masculine +and idiomatic English, which had +been gradually dropped out of successive +impressions by careless, or unfaithful, +or what is as bad, conceited correctors +of the press.</p> + +<p>The speedy popularity of the Pilgrim's +Progress had the natural effect of +inducing Bunyan again to indulge the +vein of allegory in which his warm imagination +and clear and forcible expression +had procured him such success. +Under this impression, he produced the +second part of his Pilgrim's Progress; +and well says Mr. Southey, that none +but those who have acquired the ill habit +of always reading critically, can feel it +as a clog upon the first. The first part +is, indeed, one of those delightfully simple +and captivating tales which, as soon +as finished, we are not unwilling to begin +again. Even the adult becomes himself +like the child who cannot be satisfied +with the repetition of a favourite tale, +but harasses the story-telling aunt or +nurse, to know more of the incidents +and characters. In this respect Bunyan +has contrived a contrast, which, far from +exhausting his subject, opens new sources +of attraction, and adds to the original +impression. The pilgrimage of Christiana, +her friend Mercy, and her children, +commands sympathy at least as +powerful as that of Christian himself, +and it materially adds to the interest +which we have taken in the progress +of the husband, to trace the effects produced +by similar events in the case of +women and children.</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"There is a pleasure," says the +learned editor, "in travelling with another +companion the same ground—a +pleasure of reminiscence, neither inferior +in kind nor degree to that which +is derived from a first impression. The +characters are judiciously marked: that +of Mercy, particularly, is sketched with +an admirable grace and simplicity; nor +do we read of any with equal interest, +excepting that of Ruth in Scripture, so +beautifully, on all occasions, does the +Mercy of John Bunyan unfold modest +humility regarding her own merits, and +tender veneration for the matron Christiana."</p> + +<p>"The distinctions between the first +and second part of the Pilgrim's Progress +are such as circumstances render appropriate; +and as John Bunyan's strong +mother wit enabled him to seize upon +correctly. Christian, for example, a +man, and a bold one, is represented as +enduring his fatigues, trials, and combats, +by his own stout courage, under +the blessing of heaven: but to express +that species of inspired heroism by which +women are supported in the path of +duty, notwithstanding the natural feebleness +and timidity of their nature, Christiana +and Mercy obtain from the interpreter +their guide, called Great-heart, +by whose strength and valour their lack +of both is supplied, and the dangers and +distresses of the way repelled and overcome.</p> + +<p>"The author hints, at the end of the +second part, as if 'it might be his lot +to go this way again;' nor was his mind +that light species of soil which could be +exhausted by two crops. But he left +to another and very inferior hand the +task of composing a third part, containing +the adventures of one Tender Conscience, +far unworthy to be bound up, +as it sometimes is, with John Bunyan's +matchless parable." +</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> +<p>'Tis necessary a writing critic should +understand how to write. And though +every writer is not bound to show himself +in the capacity of critic, every +writing critic is bound to show himself +capable of being a writer.</p> + +<h4><i>Shaftesbury Criticism</i></h4> + +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page13" id="page13"></a>[pg 13]</span> + + + + +<h2>Notes Of A Reader.</h2> + + +<h3>LACONICS.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>From Maxwell. By Theodore Hook</i>.)</h4> + + +<p class="center"><i>Professional People</i>.</p> + +<p>None of our fellow-creatures enjoy life +more than the successful member of one +of the learned professions. There is, it +is true, constant toil; but there are +constant excitement, activity, and enthusiasm; +at least, where there is not +enthusiasm in a profession, success will +never come—and as to the affairs of the +world in general, the divine, the lawyer, +and the medical man, are more conversant +and mixed up with them, than +any other human beings—cabinet ministers +themselves, not excepted.</p> + +<p>The divine, by the sacred nature of +his calling, and the higher character of +his duties, is, perhaps, farther removed +from an immediate contact with society; +his labours are of a more exalted order, +and the results of those labours not open +to ordinary observation; but the lawyer +in full practice knows the designs and +devices of half our acquaintance; it is +true, professional decorum seals his +lips, but <i>he</i> has them all before him in +his "mind's eye,"—all their litigations +and littlenesses,—all their cuttings, and +carvings, and contrivings. He knows +why a family, who hate the French with +all the fervour of British prejudice, visits +Paris, and remains there for a year or +two; he can give a good reason why +a man who delights in a well preserved +property in a sporting country, with a +house well built and beautifully situated, +consents to "<i>spare it</i>," at a reduced +price, to a man for whom he cares +nothing upon earth: and looks at the +world fully alive to the motives, and perfectly +aware of the circumstances, of +three-fourths of the unconscious actors +by whom he is surrounded.</p> + +<p>The eminent medical man stands, if +not upon higher ground, at least in a +more interesting position. As he mingles +with the gay assembly, or visits the +crowded ball, he knows the latent ills, +the hidden, yet incurable disorders of +the laughing throng by which he is encircled; +he sees premature death lurking +under the hectic flush on the cheek +of the lovely Fanny, and trembles for the +fate of the kind-hearted Emily, as he +beholds her mirthfully joining in the +mazy dance. He, too, by witnessing +the frequently recurring scenes of death, +beholds the genuine sorrow of the bereaved +wife, or the devoted husband—and +can, by the constant unpremeditated +exhibitions of fondness and feeling, appreciate +the affection which exists in +such and such places, and understand, +with an almost magical power, the value +of the links by which society is held +together.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Middle Life</i>.</p> + +<p>There is more healthful exercise for +the mind in the uneven paths of middling +life, than there is on the Macadamized +road of fortune. Were the year all summer, +how tiresome would be the green +leaves and the bright sunshine—as, indeed, +those will admit, who have lived +in climates where vegetation is always at +work.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Unwelcome Truth</i>.</p> + +<p>Plain speaking was Mousetrap's distinctive +characteristic; his conversation +abounded in blunt truisms, founded upon +a course of thinking somewhat peculiar +to himself, but which, when tried by the +test of human vice and human folly, +proved very frequently to be a great deal +more accurate than agreeable.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Stockbrokers</i>.</p> + +<p>"I know some of them brokering boys +are worth a million on Monday, and +threepence on Thursday—all in high +feather one week, and poor waddling +creturs the next."</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Mercantile Life</i>.</p> + +<p>A dark hole of a counting-house, with +a couple of clerk chaps, cocked up upon +long-legged stools, writing out letters—a +smoky fireplace—two or three files, +stuck full of dirty papers, hanging +against the wall—an almanack, and a +high-railed desk, with a slit in a panel, +with "bills for acceptance" painted +over it. They are the chaps "wot" +makes time-bargains—they speculate +for thousands, having nothing in the +world—and then at the wind-up of a +week or two, pay each other what they +call the difference: that is to say, the +change between what they cannot get, +and what they have not got.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>The Secret Spring</i>.</p> + +<p>There are with all great affairs smaller +affairs connected, so that in the watch-work +of society, the most skilful artist +is sometimes puzzled to fix upon the +very little wheel by which the greater +wheels are worked.</p> + + +<p class="center">"<i>Bad Company</i>."</p> + +<p>The subject under discussion was the +great advantages likely to arise from the +establishment of the North Shields Sawdust +Consolidation Company, in which +Apperton told Maxwell there were still +seventy-four shares to be purchased: +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page14" id="page14"></a>[pg 14]</span> +they were hundred pound shares, and +were actually down at eighty-nine, +would be at fifteen premium on the following +Saturday, and must eventually +rise to two hundred and thirty, for reasons +which he gave in the most plausible +manner, and which were in themselves +perfectly satisfactory, as he said, to the +"meanest capacity;" a saying with +which it might have been perfectly safe +to agree.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Love</i>.</p> + +<p>What does Sterne say? That love is no +more made by talking of it, than a black +pudding would be. Habit, association, +assimilation of tastes, communion of +thought, kindness without pretension, +solicitude without effort, a tacit agreement +and a silent sympathy; these are +the excitements and stimulants of the +only sort of love that is worth thinking +of.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Brighton</i>.</p> + +<p>Brighton will be as good a residence +as any other; there's nobody there +knows much of either of <i>you</i>; and the +place has got so big, that you may be as +snug as you please; a large town and +a large party, are the best possible shelters +for love matters. Ay, go to Brighton—the +prawns for breakfast, the +Wheatears (as the Cockneys delicately +call them, without knowing what they +are talking about) for dinner, and the +lobsters for supper, with a cigar, and a +little ginnums and water, whiffing the +wind, and sniffing the briny out of one of +the bow-window balconies—that's it—Brighton's +the place, against the world.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>Murder</i>.</p> + +<p>A gentleman criminal is too rich a +treat to be overlooked; and a murder in +good society forms a tale of middling +life, much too interesting to be passed +over in a hurry.</p> + + +<p class="center"><i>A Love Errand</i>.</p> + +<p>He went to look for something which +he had not left there, and whither she +followed him, to assist in a pursuit which +she knew went for nothing.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MOORE'S LIFE OF BYRON, VOL. II.</h3> + +<p>The publication of this work, <i>bonâ fide</i>, +has not yet taken place; but we are +enabled by the aid of the <i>Athenæum</i> to +quote a page.</p> + +<p>The volume commences with the following +powerful review of Lord Byron's +mind and fortune at the time he left +England:—</p> + +<blockquote><p> +"The circumstances under which +Lord Byron now took leave of England +were such as, in the case of any ordinary +person, could not be considered +otherwise than disastrous and humiliating. +He had, in the course of one +short year, gone through every variety +of domestic misery;—had seen his +hearth ten times profaned by the visitations +of the law, and been only saved +from a prison by the privileges of his +rank. He had alienated (if, indeed, +they had ever been his) the affections of +his wife; and now, rejected by her, and +condemned by the world, was betaking +himself to an exile which had not even +the dignity of appearing voluntary, as +the excommunicating voice of society +seemed to leave him no other resource. +Had he been of that class of unfeeling +and self-satisfied natures from whose +hard surface the reproaches of others +fall pointless, he might have found in +insensibility a sure refuge against reproach; +but, on the contrary, the same +sensitiveness that kept him so awake to +the applauses of mankind rendered him, +in a still more intense degree, alive to +their censure. Even the strange, perverse +pleasures which he felt in painting +himself unamiably to the world did +not prevent him from being both startled +and pained when the world took him at +his word; and, like a child in a mask +before a looking-glass, the dark semblance +which he had half in sport, put +on, when reflected back upon him from +the mirror of public opinion, shocked +even himself.</p> + +<p>"Thus surrounded by vexations, and +thus deeply feeling them, it is not too +much to say, that any other spirit but +his own would have sunk under the +struggle, and lost, perhaps, irrecoverably, +that level of self-esteem which +alone affords a stand against the shocks +of fortune. But in him,—furnished as +his mind was with reserves of strength, +waiting to be called out,—the very intensity +of the pressure brought relief +by the proportionate reaction which it +produced. Had his transgressions and +frailties been visited with no more than +their due portion of punishment, there +can be little doubt that a very different +result would have ensued. Not only +would such an excitement have been insufficient +to waken up the new energies +still dormant in him, but that consciousness +of his own errors, which was for +ever livelily present in his mind, would, +under such circumstances, have been +left, undisturbed by any unjust provocation, +to work its usual softening and, +perhaps, humbling influences on his +spirit. But,—luckily, as it proved, for +the further triumphs of his genius,—no +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page15" id="page15"></a>[pg 15]</span> +such moderation was exercised. The +storm of invective raised around him, +so utterly out of proportion with his +offences, and the base calumnies that +were everywhere heaped upon his name, +left to his wounded pride no other resource +than in the same summoning up +of strength, the same instinct of resistance +to injustice, which had first forced +out the energies of his youthful genius, +and was now destined to give him a still +bolder and loftier range of its powers.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p>"But the greatest of his trials, as +well as triumphs, was yet to come. +The last stage of this painful, though +glorious, course, in which fresh power +was, at every step, wrung from out of +his soul, was that at which we are now +arrived, his marriage and its results,—without +which, dear as was the price +paid by him in peace and character, +his career would have been incomplete, +and the world still left in ignorance of +the full compass of his genius. It is +indeed worthy of remark, that it was +not till his domestic circumstances began +to darken around him that his +fancy, which had long been idle, again +arose upon the wing,—both the Siege +of Corinth and Parisina having been +produced but a short time before the +separation. How conscious he was, +too, that the turmoil which followed +was the true element of his restless +spirit may be collected from several +passages of his letters, at that period, +in one of which he even mentions that +his health had become all the better for +the conflict:—'It is odd,' he says, 'but +agitation or contest of any kind gives a +rebound to my spirits, and sets me up +for the time.'</p> + +<p>"This buoyancy it was—this irrepressible +spring of mind,—that now enabled +him to bear up not only against +the assaults of others, but what was +still more difficult, against his own +thoughts and feelings. The muster of +all his mental resources to which, in +self-defence, he had been driven, but +opened to him the yet undreamed extent +and capacity of his powers, and +inspired him with a proud confidence, +that he should yet shine down these calumnious +mists, convert censure to wonder, +and compel even those who could +not approve to admire.</p> + +<p>"The route which he now took, +through Flanders and by the Rhine, is +best traced in his own matchless verses, +which leave a portion of their glory on +all that they touch, and lend to scenes, +already clothed with immortality by nature +and by history, the no less durable +associations of undying song." +</p></blockquote> +<hr /> + +<h2>The Gatherer.</h2> + +<blockquote><p> +A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">SHAKSPEARE.</span> +</p></blockquote> + + +<h3>SELDEN,</h3> + + +<p>Towards the close of his life, was so +thoroughly convinced of the superior +value of the Holy Scriptures, as to declare +that the 11th, 12th, 13th, and +14th verses of the second chapter of St. +Paul's Epistle to Titus, afforded him +more solid satisfaction than all he had +ever read.</p> + +<h4>H.B.A.</h4> + +<hr /> + + +<h3>FULL-BOTTOMED WIGS.</h3> + + +<p>The full-bottomed wigs which unfortunately +envelope and cloud some of the +most distinguished portraits of former +days, were in fashion during the reigns +of our William and Mary. Lord Bolingbroke +was one of the first that tied +them up, with which the queen was +much offended, and said to a by-stander, +"he would soon come to court in his +night-cap." Soon after, tie wigs, instead +of being an undress, became the +high court dress.</p> + +<h4>H.B.A.</h4> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>A WINDOW THE CAUSE OF A WAR.</h3> + + +<p>When the Palace of Trianon was building +for Louis XIV. at the end of Versailles' +Park, that monarch went to inspect +it, accompanied by Louvois, secretary +of war, and superintendent of +the building. Whilst walking arm in +arm with him, he remarked that one of +the windows was out of shape, and +smaller than the rest—this Louvois denied, +and asserted that he could not +perceive the least difference. Louis +XIV. having had it measured, and finding +that he had judged rightly, treated +Louvois in a contumelious manner before +his whole court. This conduct so incensed +the minister, that when he arrived +home he was heard to say, that he +would find better employment for a monarch +than that of insulting his favourites: +he was as good as his word, for +by his insolence and haughtiness he insulted +the other powers, and occasioned +the bloody war of 1688.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p>In 1306, Bruce having taken shelter in +the Isle of Arran, sent a trusty person +into Carrick, to learn how his vassals +stood affected to his cause; with instructions, +that, if he found them disposed +to assist him he should make a +signal at a time appointed, by lighting +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page16" id="page16"></a>[pg 16]</span> +a fire on an eminence near the Castle of +Turnbury. The messenger found the +English in possession of Carrick, +the people dispirited, and none ready to +take arms; he therefore did not make +the signal. But a fire being made about +noon on the appointed spot, (possibly +by accident) both Bruce and the messenger +saw it. The former with his +associates put to sea to join his supposed +party; the latter to prevent his +coming. They met before Bruce reached +the shore, when the messenger acquainted +Bruce with the unpromising +state of his affairs, and advised him to +go back; but he obeying the dictates +of despair and valour, resolved to persevere; +and attacking the English, carelessly +cantoned in the neighbourhood of +Turnbury, put a number of them to the +sword, and pillaged their quarters. +Percy, from the castle, heard the uproar, +yet did not sally forth against +them, not knowing their strength. +Bruce with his followers not exceeding +three hundred in number, remained for +some days near Turnbury; but succours +having arrived from the neighbouring +garrisons, he was obliged to +seek safety in the mountainous parts of +Carrick.</p> + +<h4>C.D.</h4> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>"WILLIE WASTLE."</h3> + + +<p>When Oliver Cromwell was at Haddington, +he sent a summons to the governor +of Hume Castle, ordering him +to surrender. The governor answered,</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"That he, Willie Wastle, stood firm in his castle,</p> +<p>That all the dogs of his town should not drive Willie Wastle down."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p>This anecdote gave rise to the amusement +of Willie Wastle among children.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>When the Irish Union was effected in +1801, the Ex-Chancellor of the Exchequer, +Sir John Parnell, was the reigning +<i>toast</i>. Being one evening in a convivial +party, he jocularly said that by +the Union he had lost his <i>bread and butter</i>. +"Ah, my dear sir," replied a +friend, "never mind, for it is amply +made up to you in <i>toasts</i>."</p> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>CURIOUS LEGACY.</h3> + + +<p><i>By Samuel Hawkins, Esq. to White +Chapel Parish, 1804, bequeathing +£300. for performing Divine Service +for ever, in the said parish church</i>. +</p> + +<p>Two guineas to be paid to Curate or +Rector, for preaching a sermon on New +Year's Day, from a text mentioned in +his will. To Parish Clerk 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> to +sing 100th Psalm, old version, same day. +To organist 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for playing tune to +same. To Sexton 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> if he attend +the same; and to master and mistress +of the free-school, each 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for +attending the charity children at the +same time and place; and to the Trustees +of the school three guineas for refreshments, +and to supply as many +quartern loaves to be distributed to such +poor as shall attend divine service on +that day. The overplus, if any, to be +given in bread to the poor of the parish +that the trustees may consider proper +objects of relief.</p> + +<h4>JAC-CO.</h4> + +<hr /> + + + +<h3>WIT AND JOKES.</h3> + + +<p>Selden says, "Nature must be the +ground work of wit and art, otherwise +whatever is done will prove but Jack-pudding's +work.</p> + +<p>"Wit must grow like fingers; if it +be taken from others, 'tis like plums +stuck upon black thorns; they are there +for awhile, but they come to nothing.</p> + +<p>"Women ought not to know their +own wit, because they will be showing +it, and so spoil it; like a child +that will constantly be showing its fine +new coat, till at length it all bedaubs it +with its pah hands.</p> + +<p>"Fine wits destroy themselves with +their own plots in meddling with great +affairs of state. They commonly do as +the ape, that saw the gunner put bullets +in the cannon, and was pleased with +it, and he would be doing so too; at +last he puts himself into the piece, and +so both ape and bullet were shot away +together."</p> + +<p>"The jokes, bon-mots, the little adventures, +which may do very well (says +Chesterfield) in one company will seem +flat and tedious when related in another—they +are often ill-timed, and prefaced +thus: 'I will tell you an excellent thing.' +This raises expectations, which when +absolutely disappointed, make the relator +of this excellent thing look, very +deservedly, like a fool."</p> + +<h4>P.T.W.</h4> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FAT FOLKS.</h3> + +<p>Prince Harry and Falstaff, in Shakspeare, +have carried the ridicule upon +fat and lean as far as it will go. Falstaff +is humorously called <i>Wool-Sack</i>, +<i>Bed Presser</i>, and <i>Hill of Flesh</i>; Harry, +a <i>Starveling</i>, an <i>Eel's-skin</i>, a <i>Sheath</i>, +a <i>Bow-case</i>, and a <i>Tuck</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1"> (return)</a><p>Childe Harold, Canto iv.</p> + +<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2"> (return)</a><p>See Mirror, vol. xvi.</p> + +<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3"> (return)</a><p>The small of the stone-coal.</p> + +<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4"> (return)</a><p>See Mirror, vol. xii.</p> + +<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5"> (return)</a><p>Abridged from the paper on Southey's Life of Bunyan, in the last +Quarterly Review.</p> + +<a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6"> (return)</a><p>Parable of the Pilgrim, chapter xxx.</p> + +<a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7"> (return)</a><p>Ibidem, chapter xxxiv.</p> + +<a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8"> (return)</a><p>The Poet Laureate may, perhaps, like to hear that Dr. Patrick +introduces into his parable a very tolerable edition of that legend of +the roasted fowls recalled to life by St. James of Compostella, of +which he himself has recently given us so lively and amusing a +metrical version. +</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><i>Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, +Strand, (near Somerset House,) London; sold +by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, +Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + +***** This file should be named 13199-h.htm or 13199-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/1/9/13199/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Victoria Woosley and PG Distributed +Proofreaders + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. XVII. No. 469. Saturday January 1, 1831 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: August 17, 2004 [EBook #13199] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Victoria Woosley and PG Distributed +Proofreaders + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +No. 469.] SATURDAY JANUARY 1, 1831 [PRICE 2d. + + + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: Copied from one of the prints of last year's Landscape +Annual, from a drawing, by Prout. This proves what we said of the +imperishable interest of the Engravings of the L.A.] + + * * * * * + + +Petrarch and Arqua; Ariosto, Tasso, and Ferrara;--how delightfully are +these names and sites linked in the fervour of Italian poetry. Lord +Byron halted at these consecrated spots, in his "Pilgrimage" through +the land of song:-- + + There is a tomb in Arqua;--rear'd in air, + Pillar'd in their sarcophagus, repose + The bones of Laura's lover: here repair + Many familiar with his well-sung woes, + The pilgrims of his genius. He arose + To raise a language, and his land reclaim + From the dull yoke of her barbaric foes: + Watering the tree which bears his lady's name + With his melodious tears, he gave himself to fame. + + They keep his dust in Arqua, where he died; + The mountain-village where his latter days + Went down the vale of years; and 'tis their pride-- + An honest pride--and let it be their praise, + To offer to the passing stranger's gaze + His mansion and his sepulchre; both plain + And venerably simple; such as raise + A feeling more accordant with his strain + Than if a pyramid form'd his monumental fane. + + And the soft quiet hamlet where he dwelt + Is one of that complexion which seems made + For those who their mortality have felt, + And sought a refuge from their hopes decay'd + In the deep umbrage of a green hill's shade, + Which shows a distant prospect far away + Of busy cities, now in vain display'd, + For they can lure no further; and the ray + Of a bright sun can make sufficient holiday, + + Developing the mountains, leaves, and flowers, + And shining in the brawling brook, where-by, + Clear as a current, glide the sauntering hours + With a calm languor, which, though to the eye + Idlesse it seem, hath its morality. + If from society we learn to live, + 'Tis solitude should teach us how to die; + It hath no flatterers, vanity can give + No hollow aid; alone--man with his God must strive; + + Or, it may be, with demons, who impair + The strength of better thoughts, and seek their prey + In melancholy bosoms, such as were + Of moody texture from their earliest day, + And loved to dwell in darkness and dismay, + Deeming themselves predestin'd to a doom + Which is not of the pangs that pass away; + Making the sun like blood, the earth a tomb, + The tomb a hell, and hell itself a murkier gloom.[1] + + [1] Childe Harold, Canto iv. + +The noble bard, not content with perpetuating Arqua in these +soul-breathing stanzas, has appended to them the following note:-- + + Petrarch retired to Arqua immediately on his return from the + unsuccessful attempt to visit Urban V. at Rome, in the year + 1370, and, with the exception of his celebrated visit to + Venice in company with Francesco Novello da Carrara, he + appears to have passed the four last years of his life between + that charming solitude and Padua. For four months previous to + his death he was in a state of continual languor, and in the + morning of July the 19th, in the year 1374, was found dead in + his library chair with his head resting upon a book. The chair + is still shown amongst the precious relics of Arqua, which, + from the uninterrupted veneration that has been attached to + every thing relative to this great man from the moment of his + death to the present hour, have, it may be hoped, a better + chance of authenticity than the Shaksperian memorials of + Stratford-upon-Avon. + + Arqua (for the last syllable is accented in pronunciation, + although the analogy of the English language has been observed + in the verse) is twelve miles from Padua, and about three + miles on the right of the high road to Rovigo, in the bosom + of the Euganean Hills. After a walk of twenty minutes across a + flat, well-wooded meadow, you come to a little blue lake, + clear, but fathomless, and to the foot of a succession of + acclivities and hills, clothed with vineyards and orchards, + rich with fir and pomegranate trees, and every sunny fruit + shrub. From the banks of the lake the road winds into the + hills, and the church of Arqua is soon seen between a cleft + where two ridges slope towards each other, and nearly inclose + the village. The houses are scattered at intervals on the + steep sides of these summits; and that of the poet is on the + edge of a little knoll overlooking two descents, and + commanding a view not only of the glowing gardens in the dales + immediately beneath, but of the wide plains, above whose low + woods of mulberry and willow thickened into a dark mass by + festoons of vines, tall single cypresses, and the spires of + towns are seen in the distance, which stretches to the mouths + of the Po and the shores of the Adriatic. The climate of these + volcanic hills is warmer, and the vintage begins a week sooner + than in the plains of Padua. Petrarch is laid, for he cannot + be said to be buried, in a sarcophagus of red marble, raised + on four pilasters on an elevated base, and preserved from an + association with meaner tombs. It stands conspicuously alone, + but will be soon overshadowed by four lately planted laurels. + Petrarch's fountain, for here every thing is Petrarch's, + springs and expands itself beneath an artificial arch, a + little below the church, and abounds plentifully, in the + driest season, with that soft water which was the ancient + wealth of the Euganean Hills. It would be more attractive, + were it not, in some seasons, beset with hornets and wasps. No + other coincidence could assimilate the tombs of Petrarch and + Archilochus. The revolutions of centuries have spared these + sequestered valleys, and the only violence which has been + offered to the ashes of Petrarch was prompted, not by hate, + but veneration. An attempt was made to rob the sarcophagus of + its treasure, and one of the arms was stolen by a Florentine + through a rent which is still visible. The injury is not + forgotten, but has served to identify the poet with the + country, where he was born, but where he would not live. A + peasant boy of Arqua being asked who Petrarch was, replied, + "that the people of the parsonage knew all about him, but that + he only knew that he was a Florentine." + + Every footstep of Laura's lover has been anxiously traced and + recorded. The house in which he lodged is shown in Venice. The + inhabitants of Arezzo, in order to decide the ancient + controversy between their city and the neighbouring Ancisa, + where Petrarch was carried when seven months old, and remained + until his seventh year, have designated by a long inscription + the spot where their great fellow citizen was born. A tablet + has been raised to him at Parma, in the chapel of St. Agatha, + at the cathedral, because he was archdeacon of that society, + and was only snatched from his intended sepulture in their + church by a _foreign_ death. Another tablet with a bust has + been erected to him at Pavia, on account of his having passed + the autumn of 1368 in that city, with his son-in-law Brossano. + The political condition which has for ages precluded the + Italians from the criticism of the living, has concentrated + their attention to the illustration of the dead. + +Byron's visit was in 1818. Of this we may quote more on the appearance +of Mr. Moore's second volume of the Poet's Life. Meanwhile, let us add +the following graceful paper from the _Athenaeum_, June 12, 1830: the +subject harmonizes most happily with the classic title of that +journal. It will be perceived that the tourist is familiar with Mr. +Prout's drawing, or the original of our Engraving. + + At Monselice we took another carriage, and dashed off to the + Euganean Hills, to visit Arqua, the last dwelling and the + burial-place of Petrarch. The road, in the feeling of M'Adam, + is antediluvian, or rather post-diluvian, for it is little + better than a water-course; but it passes through a country + where I first saw olive-trees in abundance, vines in the + luxuriance of nature, and pomegranates growing in hedges. The + situation of the little village is perfectly delightful--of + Petrarch's villa, beautiful. The apartments he occupied + command the finest view, and are so detached from the noise + and annoyances of the farm dwelling, though connected under + one roof, that I think it not impossible he made the addition. + There are four or five rooms altogether, if two little closets + of not more than six feet by three may be called rooms; yet + one of these is believed to have been his study; and in his + study, and at his literary enjoyments, he died. Every thing is + preserved with a reverential care that does honour to the + people; and his chair, like less holy and less credible + relics, is inclosed in a wire-frame, to prevent the + dilapidations of the curious. I believe these things to be + genuine. I believe in the local traditions that point out his + study, and his kitchen, and his dying chamber.--Petrarch was + all but idolized in his own time, and his fame has known no + diminution; therefore these affectionate recollections of him + have always been treasured there for the gratification of his + pilgrims, and with a becoming reverence themselves, the people + naturally set apart as sacred all that belonged to him. I have + noticed the compactness of his few rooms, and their separation + from the larger apartments--they have also a separate + communication by a small elegant flight of steps into the + garden, as you may see in Prout's drawing. If the rooms were + not an addition, and it did not suggest itself at the moment + to look attentively, I believe these little architectural and + ornamental steps to have been; and as we know he did meddle + with brick and mortar, by building a small chapel here, the + conjecture is not improbable;--it is but a conjecture, and + remains for others to confirm or disprove. + + A little wild, irregular walk runs, serpent like, all round + the garden, which, situated at the head of the valley, is shut + in by the hills--itself a wilderness of luxuriance and beauty. + It was a glorious evening, and every thing in agreement with + our quiet feeling. I am not an enthusiast, and to you I need + not affect to be other than I am; but I have felt this day + sensibly, and shall remember it for ever. Petrarch's fame is + worth the noise and nothing of all the men-slayers since Cain! + It is fame indeed, holy and lovely, when the name and + reputation of a man, remembered only for wisdom and virtue, + shall have extended into remote and foreign kingdoms with such + a sound and echo, that centuries after a stranger turns aside + into these mountains to visit his humble dwelling. It is the + verification of the prediction of Boccaccio--"This village, + hardly known even at Padua, will become famous through the + world." I do not presume to offer a eulogy on Petrarch as a + writer, but as a man. In all the relations of son, brother, + father, he is deserving all honour; and I know not another + instance of such long-continued, sincere, and graceful + friendships, through all varieties of fortune, from the + Cardinal of Cabassole, to the poor fisherman at Vaucluse, as + his life offers; including literary friendships, which, after + so many years, passed without one discordant feeling of + rivalry or jealousy, ended so generously and beautifully, with + his bequest to poor Boccaccio of "five hundred florins of the + gold of Florence, to buy him a winter habit for his evening + studies," and this noble testimony of his ability in + addition--"I am ashamed to leave so small a sum to so great a + man." + + Petrarch, in my opinion, was one of the most amiable men that + ever lived;--I know nothing about Laura, or her ten children; + I agree with those who believe the whole was a dream or an + allegory; and, I half suspect that Shakspeare thought so too, + and following a fashion, addressed his own sonnets to some + like persons; at any rate, no one knows about either much more + than I do;--certainly Petrarch's _real_ love had more real + consequences. Petrarch was a sincere Christian, without + intolerance--a sound patriot, without austerity; who neither + wasted his feelings in the idle generalities of philosophy, + nor restricted them to the narrow limits of a party or + faction;--he was just, generous, affectionate, and gentle. All + his sonnets together do not shed a lustre on him equal to the + sincere, single-hearted, mild, yet uncompromising spirit that + breathes throughout the letters of advice and remonstrance, + which, not idly or obstrusively, but under the sanction and + authority of his great name, and the affectionate regard + professed for him, he addressed to all whom he believed + influential either for good or ill; from Popes and Emperors, + to the well meaning insane tribune of Rome. + + We went after this to see his tomb, which is honourable + without being ostentatious: a plain stone sarcophagus, resting + on four pillars, and surmounted by a bust; suited to the quiet + of his life, his home, and his resting-place. I passed + altogether a day that will shine a bright star in memory; and + we wandered about there, unwilling to leave it, until long + after the ave-maria bell had tolled, and were obliged in + consequence to get a guide, and return by another road through + the marshes, where I first saw those fairy insects the + fire-flies, and thousands of them. For this we are detained + the night at Monselice, and must rise the earlier, for we have + written to ----, fixing the day of our arrival at Florence. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SILENT ACADEMY, OR THE EMBLEMS. + +FROM THE FRENCH. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +There was at Amadan, a celebrated academy, the first statute of which +was contained in these terms. "_The Academicians think much, write +little, and speak but as little as possible_." They were called "The +Silent Academy," and there was not a man of learning in all Persia but +was ambitious of being admitted of their number. Doctor Zeb, author of +an excellent little work, entitled "The Gag," understood in his +distant province that there was a vacant place in the Silent Academy. +He set out immediately, arrived at Amadan, and presenting himself at +the door of the hall, where the members were assembled, he desired the +doorkeeper to deliver to the president, a billet to this import, +"_Doctor Zeb humbly asks the vacant place_." The doorkeeper +immediately acquitted himself of his commission, but, alas! the doctor +and his billet were too late, the place had been already filled. + +The whole academy were affected at this _contretems_; they had +received a little before, as member, a court wit, whose eloquence, +light and lively, was the admiration of the populace, and saw +themselves obliged to refuse Doctor Zeb, who was the very scourge of +chatterers, and with a head so well formed and furnished. + +The president, whose place it was to announce to the doctor the +disagreeable news, knew not what to resolve on. After having thought a +little he filled a large cup with water, and that so very full, that +one drop more would have made it spill over. Then he made the sign +that they might introduce the candidate. He appeared with that modest +and simple air which always accompanies true merit. The president +rose, and without saying a word, he pointed out to him with an +afflicted air, the emblematic cup, the cup so exactly full. The doctor +apprehended the meaning that there was no room for him in the academy; +but taking courage, he thought to make them understand that an +academician supernumerary would derange nothing. Therefore, seeing at +his feet a rose leaf, he picked it up and laid it delicately on the +surface of the water, and that so gently, that not a single drop +escaped. + +At this ingenious answer they were all full of admiration, and in +spite of rules, Doctor Zeb was admitted with acclamation. + +They directly presented to him the register of the academy in which +they inscribed their names on their admission, and the doctor having +done so, nothing more remained than to thank them in a few words +according to custom. But Doctor Zeb, as a truly _silent_ academician, +thanked them without saying a word. He wrote on the margin the number +100, which was the number of his new brethren, and then placing a +cipher before the figure (0100) he wrote beneath "_Their worth is +neither less nor more_." The president answered the modest doctor with +as much politeness as presence of mind: he put the figure 1 before the +number 100, and wrote (1100) "_They are ten times what they were +before_." + +_Dorset_. COLBOURNE. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE TOPOGRAPHER. + + +TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES. + + +_Vale of Tawy--Copper Works, &c.--Coal Trade._--In our former paper[2] +we gave a description of the Vale of Tawy, as it appears by night; we +will now again revisit it. The stranger who explores this vale must +expect to return with a bad headache. We have described it as a +desolate looking place, when seen at night, but the darkness only +throws a veil over its barrenness. The face of the country, which +would otherwise have been beautiful, is literally scorched by the +desolating effects of the copper smoke; and when it is considered that +a multitude of flues are constantly emitting smoke and flames strongly +impregnated with sulphur, arsenic, &c., it is not to be wondered at. A +canal runs up the vale into the country for sixteen miles, to an +elevation of 372 feet: it is flanked near the copper-works by many +millions of tons of copper slag; and there are no less than thirty-six +locks on the line. It is a fact, that in spite of the infernal +atmosphere, a great many of the people employed in these works attain +old age. Every evil effect about Swansea, however, is ascribed to the +copper smoke. The houses in this district are remarkable for clean +exterior: the custom of whitewashing the roofs, as well as the walls, +produces a pleasing effect, and is a relief to the eye in such a +desert. There are eight large copper smelting establishments, besides +several rolling-mills, now at work; the whole country is covered with +tram-roads and coal-pits, many of which vomit forth their mineral +treasures close to the road side. At Landore, about two miles from +Swansea, is a large steam-engine, made by Bolton and Watt, which was +formerly the lion of the neighbourhood. This pumping engine draws the +water from all the collieries in the vale, throwing up one hundred +gallons of water at each stroke: it makes twelve strokes in a minute, +and consequently discharges 72,000 gallons an hour. This engine, +however, is very inferior in construction and finish to the pumping +engines of Cornwall, some of which are nearly three hundred +horsepower. At the consols mines, there are two engines, each with +cylinders of ninety inches in diameter, and everything about them kept +as clean as a drawing-room. What an extraordinary triumph of the +ingenuity of man, when it is considered that one of these gigantic +engines can be stopped in an instant, by the mere application of the +fingers and thumb of the engineer to a screw! The quantity of coals +consumed by the copper-works is enormous. We have heard that Messrs. +Vivians, who have the largest works on the river, alone consume 40,000 +tons annually: this coal is all small, and not fit for exportation. +The copper trade may be considered as comparatively of modern date. +The first smelting works were erected at Swansea, about a century ago; +but now it is calculated that they support, including the collieries +and shipping dependant on them, 10,000 persons, and that 3,000 l. is +circulated weekly by their means in this district. Till within the +last few years, there were considerable copper smelting establishments +at Hayle, in Cornwall; but that county possessing no coals, they were +obliged to be abandoned, as it was found to be much cheaper to bring +the ore to the coal than the latter to the ore. Formerly, from the +want of machinery to drain the water from the workings (copper being +generally found at a much greater depth than tin), the miners were +compelled to relinquish the metallic vein before reaching the copper: +indeed, when it was first discovered, and even so late as 1735, they +were so ignorant of its value, that a Mr. Coster, a mineralogist in +Bristol, observing large quantities of it lying amongst the heaps of +rubbish round the tin mines, contracted to purchase as much of it as +could be supplied, and continued to gain by Cornish ignorance for a +considerable time. The first discoverer of the ore was called Poder +(it long went by his name), who actually abandoned the mine in +consequence; and we find that it was for some time considered that +"_the ore came in and spoilt the tin_." In the year 1822 the produce +of the Cornish copper mines amounted to 106,723 tons of ore, which +produced 9,331 tons of copper, and 676,285 l. in money. In the same +year, the quantity of tin ore raised was only 20,000 tons. The Irish +and Welsh ores are generally much richer than those of Cornwall; but +occasionally they strike on a very rich _lode_ (or vein) in that +county. Last spring, some ore from the Penstruthal mine was ticketed +at Truro, at the enormous price of 54 l. 14s. per ton; and a short time +previous, in the Great St. George Mine, near St. Agnes, a lode was +struck five feet thick, which was worth 20 l. a ton. There are only six +other copper-works in the kingdom besides those of Swansea, five of +which are within fifteen miles of that town; the other is at Amlwch +(in the isle of Anglesea), where the Marquess of Anglesea smelts the +ore raised in his mines there. The annual import of ore into Swansea +in 1812 was 53,353 tons; in 1819, 70,256 tons were brought coastwise: +besides which, several thousand tons of copper ore are imported from +America every year. Since this period there has been a large increase. +Most of the ships which are freighted with copper ore load back with +coal, for the Cornish and Irish markets. Of bituminous, in 1812, +43,529 chalders, and in 1819, 46,457 chalders were shipped coastwise, +besides a foreign trade of about 5,000 chalders every year. Most of +this goes to France, the French vessels coming here in ballast for +this purpose; but all coal shipped for abroad must be riddled through +a screen composed of iron bars, placed three-eighths of an inch apart, +as it is literally almost dust. Great hopes are now entertained here +that government will abolish the oppressive duty on sea-borne coal. In +the stone-coal and culm[3] trade, Swansea and Neath almost supply the +whole kingdom. Independent of foreign trade, 55,066 chalders of culm +and 10,319 tons of stone-coal were shipped coastwise in 1819: last +year the ports of Swansea and Neath shipped 123,000 chalders of +stone-coal and culm. Stone-coal improves in quality as it advances +westward. That of Milford, of which however only about 6,000 chalders +are annually exported, sells generally at from 50s. to 60s. per +chaldron in the London market--a price vastly exceeding the finest +Newcastle coal. It emits no smoke, and is used principally in +lime-burning and in manufactories where an intense heat and the +absence of smoke is required. The Swansea culm is mostly obtained +about thirteen miles from the town. The bituminous coal mines in the +vale of Tawy are fast getting exhausted, and the supply of coal must +at no distant day be drawn farther westward, near the Burry River, +where the quality of the coal is much improved, approaching nearer to +that of Newcastle. The national importance of the inexhaustible supply +of this mineral which exists in Wales, is incalculable; but as it has +already been alluded to in _The Mirror_, in an extract from Mr. +Bakewell's Geology, we will not farther pursue the subject.[4] While +mentioning the trade of Swansea, we should not omit to state that two +extensive potteries, tin and ironworks, and founderies, &c., and +bonding warehouses and yards for foreign goods, &c. exist here. + +VYVIAN. + + [2] See Mirror, vol. xvi. + + [3] The small of the stone-coal. + + [4] See Mirror, vol. xii. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE ANNUALS. + + +A FRENCH GENTLEMAN'S LETTER TO AN ENGLISH FRIEND IN LONDON. + + +Ah my deer frend--I cannot feel the plaisir I expresse to come to your +country charming, for you see. We are arrive at Southampton before +yesterday at one hour of the afternoon, and we are debarked very nice. +I never believe you when at Paris, you tell me that the Englishwomen +get on much before our women; but now I agree quite with you; I know +you laughing at your countrywomen for take such long steps! My faith! +I never saw such a mode to walk; they take steps long like the man! +Very pretty women! but not equal to ours! White skins, and the tint +fresh, but they have no mouths nor no eyes. Our women have lips like +rose-buttons; and eyes of lightning; the English have mouth wide like +the toads, and their eyes are like _"dreaming sheeps,"_ as one of our +very talented writers say, "mouton qui reve." It is excellent, that. I +am not perceived so many English ladies _tipsy_ as I expect; our +General Pilon say they all drink brandy; this I have not seen very +much. I was very surprise to see the people's hair of any colour but +red, because all our travellers say there is no other hair seen, +except red or white! But I come here filled with candour, and I say I +_have seen some_ people whose hair was not red. You tell me often at +Paris, that we have no music in France. My dear friend, how you are +deceived yourself! Our music is the finest in the world, and the +German come after; you other English have no music; and if you had +some, you have no language to sing with. It is necessary that you may +avow your language is not useful for the purpose ordinary of the +world. Your window of shop are all filled at French names--"des gros +de Naples," "des gros des Indes," "des gros d'ete," &c. If English +lady go for demand, show me, if you please, sir, some "fats of +Naples," some "fats of India," and some "fats of summer," the +linendraper not understand at all. Then the colours different at the +silks, people say, "puce evanouie," "oeil de l'empereur," "flammes, +d'enfer," "feu de l'opera;" but you never hear lady say, I go for have +gown made of "fainting fleas," or "emperors' eyes," or "opera fires," +or of the "flames" of a place which you tell me once for say never to +ears polite! You also like very much our musique in England; the +street-organs tell you best the taste of the people, and I hear them +play always "Le petit tambour," "Oh, gardezvous, bergerette," "Dormez, +mes cheres amours," and twenty little French airs, of which we are +fatigued there is a long time. I go this morning for make visit to the +house of a very nice family. When I am there some time, I demand of +the young ladies, what for they not go out? One reply, "Thank you, +sir, we are always oblige for stay at home, because papa _enjoy such +very bad health_." I say, "Oh yes! How do you do your papa this +morning, misses!" "He is much worse, I am obliged to you, sir!" I bid +them good bye, and think in myself how the English are odd to _enjoy_ +bad health, and the young ladies much oblige to me because their papa +was much worse! "Chacun a son gout," as we say. In my road to come +home, I see a board on a gate, and I stopped myself for read him. He +was for say, any persons beating carpets, playing cricket, and such +like diversions there, should be persecuted. My faith! you other +English are so droll to find any diversion in beating carpets! Yet it +is quite as amusing as to play the cricket, to beat one little ball +with big stick, then run about like madmen, then throw away big stick, +and get great knock upon your face or legs. And then at cards again! +What stupid game whist! Play for amuse people, but may not laugh any! +Ah! how the English are droll! I have nothing of more for say to you +at present; but I am soon seeing you, when I do assure you of the +eternal regard and everlasting affection of your much attached +friend.--_Comic Offering_. + + * * * * * + + + +HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL. + + +We have taken a slice, or rather, _four cuts_, from Mr. Hood's +facetious volume. Their fun needs not introduction, for the effect of +wit is instantaneous. To talk about them would be like saying "see how +droll they are." We omitted the Conditions drawn up by the +Provisional Government, (the baker, butcher, publican, &c.) in our +account of the revolutionary stir, or as the march-of-mind people call +a riot, "the ebullition of popular feeling," at Stoke Pogis. Here they +are, worthy of any Vestry in the kingdom, Select or otherwise. + + "_Conditions._ + + "1. That for the future, widows in Stoke Pogis shall be allowed + their thirds, and Novembers their fifths. + + "2. That the property of Guys shall be held inviolable, and + their persons respected. + + "3. That no arson be allowed, but all bon-fires shall be burnt + by the common hangman. + + "4. That every rocket shall be allowed an hour to leave the + place. + + "5. That the freedom of Stoke Pogis be presented to Madame + Hengler, in a cartridge-box. + + "6. That the military shall not be called out, uncalled for. + + "7. That the parish beadle, for the time being, be authorized + to stand no nonsense. + + "8. That his Majesty's mail be permitted to pass on the night + in question. + + "9. That all animosities be buried in oblivion, at the Parish + expense. + + "10. That the ashes of old bon-fires be never raked up. + + " (Signed) + {WAGSTAFF, High Constable. + {WIGSBY." + + * * * * * + + +Our next quotations are two comico-serio Ballads:-- + + +FRENCH AND ENGLISH. + + "Good Heaven! why even the little children in France speak + French!" ADDISON. + + + I. + + Never go to France + Unless you know the lingo, + If you do, like me, + You will repent by jingo, + Staring like a fool + And silent as a mummy, + There I stood alone, + A nation with a dummy. + + II. + + Chaises stand for chairs, + They christen letters _Billies,_ + They call their mothers _mares,_ + And all their daughters _fillies;_ + Strange it was to hear, + I'll tell you what's a good 'un, + They call their leather _queer_, + And half their shoes are wooden. + + III. + + Signs I had to make + For every little notion, + Limbs all going like + A telegraph in motion. + For wine I reel'd about, + To show my meaning fully, + And made a pair of horns. + To ask for "beef and bully." + + IV. + + Moo! I cried for milk; + I got my sweet things snugger, + When I kissed Jeannette, + 'Twas understood for sugar. + If I wanted bread. + My jaws I set a-going, + And asked for new-laid eggs + By clapping hands and crowing. + + V. + + If I wished a ride, + I'll tell you how I got it: + On my stick astride, + I made believe to trot it; + Then their cash was strange, + It bored me every minute, + Now here's a _hog_ to change, + How many _sows_ are in it. + + VI. + + Never go to France + Unless you know the lingo; + If you do, like me, + You will repent, by jingo; + Staring like a fool, + And silent as a mummy, + There I stood alone, + A nation with a dummy. + + +THE DUEL. + +A SERIOUS BALLAD. + + "Like the two Kings of Brentford smelling at one nosegay." + + + In Brentford town, of old renown, + There lived a Mister Bray. + Who fell in love with Lucy Bell, + And so did Mr. Clay. + + To see her ride from Hammersmith, + By all it was allowed, + Such fair outsides are seldom seen, + Such Angels on a Cloud. + + Said Mr. Bray to Mr. Clay, + You choose to rival me, + And court Miss Bell, but there your court + No thoroughfare shall be. + + Unless you now give up your suit, + You may repent your love + I who have shot a pigeon match, + Can shoot a turtle dove. + + So pray before you woo her more, + Consider what you do; + If you pop aught to Lucy Bell-- + I'll pop it into you. + + Said Mr. Clay to Mr. Bray. + Your threats I quite explode; + One who has been a volunteer + Knows how to prime and load. + + And so I say to you unless + Your passion quiet keeps, + I who have shot and hit bulls' eyes + May chance to hit a sheep's. + + Now gold is oft for silver changed, + And that for copper red; + But these two went away to give + Each other change for lead. + + But first they sought a friend a-piece, + This pleasant thought to give-- + When they were dead, they thus should have + Two seconds still to live. + + To measure out the ground not long + The seconds then forbore, + And having taken one rash step, + They took a dozen more. + + They next prepared each pistol-pan + Against the deadly strife, + By putting in the prime of death + Against the prime of life. + + Now all was ready for the foes, + But when they took their stands. + Fear made them tremble so they found + They both were shaking hands. + + Said Mr. C. to Mr. B., + Here one of us may fall, + And like St. Paul's Cathedral now, + Be doom'd to have a ball. + + I do confess I did attach + Misconduct to your name; + If I withdraw the charge, will then + Your ramrod do the same? + + Said Mr. B. I do agree-- + But think of Honour's Courts! + If We go off without a shot, + There will be strange reports + + But look, the morning now is bright, + Though cloudy it begun; + Why can't we aim above, as if + We had call'd out the sun? + + So up into the harmless air + Their bullets they did send; + And may all other duels have + That upshot in the end. + + * * * * * + + +We next quote brief illustrations of the Cuts on the opposite page. It +may be observed that the articles themselves have but little _esprit_, +and that, unlike most occasions, the wit lies in the wood. + + +First is a Sonnet accompanying the cut "Infantry at Mess." + + "Sweets to the sweet--farewell."--_Hamlet._ + + + Time was I liked a cheesecake well enough; + All human children have a sweetish tooth-- + I used to revel in a pie or puff, + Or tart--we all are _tarters_ in our youth; + To meet with jam or jelly was good luck, + All candies most complacently I cramped. + A stick of liquorice was good to suck, + And sugar was as often liked as lumped; + On treacle's "linked sweetness long drawn out," + Or honey, I could feast like any fly, + I thrilled when lollipops were hawk'd about, + How pleased to compass hardbake or bull's eye, + How charmed if fortune in my power cast, + Elecampane--but that campaign is past. + + * * * * * + +"Picking his way," belongs to a day (April 17) in a "Scrape Book," +with the motto of "Luck's all:" + + "17th. Had my eye pick'd out by a pavior, who was _axing_ his + way, he didn't care where. Sent home in a hackney-chariot that + upset. Paid Jarvis a sovereign for a shilling. My luck all + over!" + + * * * * * + + +The Schoolmaster's Motto, accompanying "Palmam qui meruit ferat!" is +too long for extract. + + * * * * * + + +The chief fun of the countryman and his Pigs lies in the cut. + + * * * * * + +CUTS FROM HOOD'S COMIC ANNUAL. + +[Illustration: INFANTRY AT MESS.] [Illustration: PICKING YOUR WAY.] +[Illustration: PALMAM QUI MERUIT FERAT.] [Illustration: 'I DO PERCEIVE +HERE A DIVIDED DUTY.'] + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.[5] + + [5] Abridged from the paper on Southey's Life of Bunyan, in + the last Quarterly Review. + + +Of the first appearance of this celebrated parable, Mr. Southey's +diligence has preserved the following notices:-- + + "'It is not known in what year the Pilgrim's Progress was + first published, no copy of the first edition having as yet + been discovered; the second is in the British Museum; it is + "with additions," and its date is 1678; but as the book is + known to have been written during Bunyan's imprisonment, which + terminated in 1672, it was probably published before his + release, or at latest immediately after it. The earliest with + which Mr. Major has been able to supply me, either by means of + his own diligent inquiries, or the kindness of his friends, is + that "eighth e-di-ti-on" so humorously introduced by Gay, and + printed--not for Ni-cho-las Bod-ding-ton, but for Nathanael + Ponder, at the Peacock in the Poultrey, near the Church, 1682; + for whom also the ninth was published in 1684, and the tenth + in 1685. All these no doubt were large impressions.' + + "When the astonishing success of the Pilgrim's Progress had + raised a swarm of imitators, the author himself, according to + the frequent fashion of the world, was accused of plagiarism, + to which he made an indignant reply, in what he considered as + verses, prefixed to his 'Holy War.' + + 'Some say the Pilgrim's Progress is not mine, + Insinuating as if I would shine + In name and fame by the worth of another, + Like some made rich by robbing of their brother; + Or that so fond I am of being Sire, + I'll father bastards; or if need require, + I'll tell a lye in print, to get applause. + I scorn it; John such dirt-heap never was + Since God converted him. Let this suffice + To shew why I my Pilgrim patronize. + + It came from mine own heart, so to my head, + And thence into my fingers trickled: + Then to my pen, from whence immediately + On paper I did dribble it daintily.'--p. lxxxix." + +Mr. Southey has carefully examined this charge of supposed imitation, +in which so much rests upon the very simplicity of the conception of +the story, and has successfully shown that the tinker of Elstow could +not have profited by one or two allegories in the French and Flemish +languages--works which he could have had hardly a chance to meet with; +which, if thrown in his way, he could not have read; and, finally, +which, if he had read them, could scarcely have supplied him with a +single hint. Mr. Southey, however, has not mentioned a work in +English, of Bunyan's own time, and from which, certainly, the general +notion of his allegory might have been taken. The work we allude to is +now before us, entitled, 'The Parable of the Pilgrim, written to a +friend by Symon Patrick, D.D., Dean of Peterborough;' the same learned +person, well known by his theological writings, and successively +Bishop of Chichester and Ely. This worthy man's inscription is dated +the 14th of December, 1672; and Mr. Southey's widest conjecture will +hardly allow an earlier date for Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, 1672 +being the very year in which he was enlarged from prison. The language +of Dr. Patrick, in addressing his friend, excludes the possibility of +his having borrowed from John Bunyan's celebrated work. He apologizes +for sending to his acquaintance one in the old fashioned dress of a +pilgrim; and says he found among the works of a late writer, Baker's +Sancta Sophia, a short discourse, under the name of a Parable of a +Pilgrim; 'which was so agreeable to the portion of fancy he was +endowed with, that he presently thought that a work of this nature +would be very grateful to his friends also. It appears that the +Parable of a Pilgrim, so sketched by Dr. Patrick, remained for some +years in the possession of the private friend for whom it was drawn +up, until, it being supposed by others that the work might be of +general utility, it was at length published in 1678.--Before that year +the first edition of the Pilgrim's Progress had unquestionably made +its appearance; but we equally acquit the Dean of Peterborough and the +tinker of Elstow from copying a thought or idea from each other. If +Dr. Patrick had seen the Pilgrim's Progress he would, probably, in the +pride of academic learning, have scorned to adopt it as a model; but, +at all events, as a man of worth, he would never have denied the +obligation if he had incurred one. John Bunyan, on his part, would in +all likelihood have scorned, 'with his very heels,' to borrow anything +from a dean; and we are satisfied that he would have cut his hand off +rather than written the introductory verses we have quoted, had not +his Pilgrim been entirely his own. + +Indeed, whosoever will take the trouble of comparing the two works +which, turning upon nearly the same allegory, and bearing very similar +titles, came into existence at or about the very same time, will +plainly see their total dissimilarity. Bunyan's is a close and +continued allegory, in which the metaphorical fiction is sustained +with all the minuteness of a real story. In Dr. Patrick's the same +plan is generally announced as arising from the earnest longing of a +traveller, whom he calls Philotheus or Theophilus, whose desires are +fixed on journeying to Jerusalem as a pilgrim. After much distressing +uncertainty, caused by the contentions of pretended guides, who +recommend different routes, he is at length recommended to a safe and +intelligent one. Theophilus hastens to put himself under his pilotage, +and the good man gives forth his instructions for the way, and in +abundant detail, so that all the dangers of error and indifferent +company may be securely avoided; but in all this, very little care is +taken even to preserve the appearance of the allegory: in a word, you +have, almost in plain terms, the moral and religious precepts +necessary to be observed in the actual course of a moral and religious +life. The pilgrim, indeed, sets out upon his journey, but it is only +in order again to meet with his guide, who launches further into whole +chapters of instructions, with scarcely a reply from the passive +pupil. It is needless to point out the extreme difference between this +strain of continued didactics, rather encumbered than enlivened by a +starting metaphor, which, generally quite lost sight of, the author +recollects every now and then, as if by accident--and the thoroughly +life-like manner in which John Bunyan puts the adventures of his +pilgrim before us. Two circumstances alone strike us as trenching +somewhat on the manner of him of Elstow: the one is where the guide +awakens some sluggish pilgrims, whom he finds sleeping by the way;[6] +the other is where their way is crossed by two horsemen, who insist +upon assuming the office of guide. 'The one is a pleasing talker, +excellent company by reason of his pleasant humour, and of a carriage +very pleasant and inviting; but they observed he had a sword by his +side, and a pair of pistols before him, together with another +instrument hanging at his belt, which was formed for pulling out of +eyes.'[7] The pilgrims suspected this well-armed cavalier to be one of +that brood who will force others into their own path, and then put out +their eyes in case they should forsake it. They have not got rid of +their dangerous companion, by whom the Romish church is indicated, +when they are accosted by a man of a quite different shape and humour, +'more sad and melancholy, more rude, and of a heavier wit also, who +crossed their way on the right-hand.' He also (representing, +doubtless, the Presbyterians or Sectaries) pressed them with eagerness +to accept his guidance, and did little less than menace them with +total destruction if they should reject it. A dagger and a +pocket-pistol, though less openly and ostentatiously disposed than the +arms of the first cavalier, seem ready for the same purposes; and he, +therefore, is repulsed, as well as his neighbour. These are the only +passages in which the church dignitary might be thought to have caught +for a moment the spirit of the tinker of Bedford. Through the rest of +his parable, which fills a well-sized quarto volume, the dean no doubt +evinces considerable learning, but, compared to Bunyan, may rank with +the dullest of all possible doctors; 'a worthy neighbour, indeed, and +a marvellous good bowler--but for Alexander, you see how 'tis.' Yet +Dr. Patrick had the applause of his own time. The first edition of his +Parable appeared, as has been mentioned, in 1678; and the _sixth_, +which now lies before us, is dated 1687.[8] + + [6] Parable of the Pilgrim, chapter xxx. + + [7] Ibidem, chapter xxxiv. + + [8] The Poet Laureate may, perhaps, like to hear that Dr. + Patrick introduces into his parable a very tolerable edition + of that legend of the roasted fowls recalled to life by St. + James of Compostella, of which he himself has recently given + us so lively and amusing a metrical version. + +Mr. Southey introduces the following just eulogium on our classic of +the common people: + + "Bunyan was confident in his own powers of expression; he + says-- + + --thine only way + Before them all, is to say out thy say + In thine own native language, which no man + Now useth, nor with ease dissemble can. + + And he might well be confident in it. His is a homespun style, + not a manufactured one; and what a difference is there between + its homeliness, and the flippant vulgarity of the Roger + L'Estrange and Tom Brown school! If it is not a well of + English undefiled to which the poet as well as the philologist + must repair, if they would drink of the living waters, it is a + clear stream of current English--the vernacular speech of his + age, sometimes indeed in its rusticity and coarseness, but + always in its plainness and its strength. To this natural + style Bunyan is in some degree beholden for his general + popularity;--his language is every where level to the must + ignorant reader, and to the meanest capacity: there is a + homely reality about it; a nursery tale is not more + intelligible, in its manner of narration, to a child. Another + cause of his popularity is, that he taxes the imagination as + little as the understanding. The vividness of his own, which, + as his history shows, sometimes could not distinguish ideal + impressions from actual ones, occasioned this. He saw the + things of which he was writing as distinctly with his mind's + eye as if they were indeed passing before him in a dream. And + the reader perhaps sees them more satisfactorily to himself, + because the outline only of the picture is presented to him; + and the author having made no attempt to fill up the details, + every reader supplies them according to the measure and scope + of his own intellectual and imaginative powers." + +Mr. Southey, observing with what general accuracy this apostle of the +people writes the English language, notwithstanding all the +disadvantages under which his youth must have been passed, pauses to +notice one gross and repeated error. 'The vulgarism alluded to,' says +the laureate, 'consists in the almost uniform use of _a_ for +_have_--never marked as a contraction, e.g. might _a_ made me take +heed--like to _a_ been smothered.' Under favour, however, this is a +sin against orthography rather than grammar: the tinker of Elstow only +spelt according to the pronunciation of the verb _to have_, then +common in his class; and the same form appears a hundred times in +Shakspeare. We must not here omit to mention the skill with which Mr. +Southey has restored much of Bunyan's masculine and idiomatic English, +which had been gradually dropped out of successive impressions by +careless, or unfaithful, or what is as bad, conceited correctors of +the press. + +The speedy popularity of the Pilgrim's Progress had the natural effect +of inducing Bunyan again to indulge the vein of allegory in which his +warm imagination and clear and forcible expression had procured him +such success. Under this impression, he produced the second part of +his Pilgrim's Progress; and well says Mr. Southey, that none but those +who have acquired the ill habit of always reading critically, can feel +it as a clog upon the first. The first part is, indeed, one of those +delightfully simple and captivating tales which, as soon as finished, +we are not unwilling to begin again. Even the adult becomes himself +like the child who cannot be satisfied with the repetition of a +favourite tale, but harasses the story-telling aunt or nurse, to know +more of the incidents and characters. In this respect Bunyan has +contrived a contrast, which, far from exhausting his subject, opens +new sources of attraction, and adds to the original impression. The +pilgrimage of Christiana, her friend Mercy, and her children, commands +sympathy at least as powerful as that of Christian himself, and it +materially adds to the interest which we have taken in the progress of +the husband, to trace the effects produced by similar events in the +case of women and children. + + "There is a pleasure," says the learned editor, "in travelling + with another companion the same ground--a pleasure of + reminiscence, neither inferior in kind nor degree to that + which is derived from a first impression. The characters are + judiciously marked: that of Mercy, particularly, is sketched + with an admirable grace and simplicity; nor do we read of any + with equal interest, excepting that of Ruth in Scripture, so + beautifully, on all occasions, does the Mercy of John Bunyan + unfold modest humility regarding her own merits, and tender + veneration for the matron Christiana." + + "The distinctions between the first and second part of the + Pilgrim's Progress are such as circumstances render + appropriate; and as John Bunyan's strong mother wit enabled + him to seize upon correctly. Christian, for example, a man, + and a bold one, is represented as enduring his fatigues, + trials, and combats, by his own stout courage, under the + blessing of heaven: but to express that species of inspired + heroism by which women are supported in the path of duty, + notwithstanding the natural feebleness and timidity of their + nature, Christiana and Mercy obtain from the interpreter their + guide, called Great-heart, by whose strength and valour their + lack of both is supplied, and the dangers and distresses of + the way repelled and overcome. + + "The author hints, at the end of the second part, as if 'it + might be his lot to go this way again;' nor was his mind that + light species of soil which could be exhausted by two crops. + But he left to another and very inferior hand the task of + composing a third part, containing the adventures of one + Tender Conscience, far unworthy to be bound up, as it + sometimes is, with John Bunyan's matchless parable." + + * * * * * + +'Tis necessary a writing critic should understand how to write. And +though every writer is not bound to show himself in the capacity of +critic, every writing critic is bound to show himself capable of being +a writer. + +_Shaftesbury Criticism_ + + * * * * * + + + +NOTES OF A READER. + + +LACONICS. + +(_From Maxwell. By Theodore Hook_.) + + +_Professional People_. + +None of our fellow-creatures enjoy life more than the successful +member of one of the learned professions. There is, it is true, +constant toil; but there are constant excitement, activity, and +enthusiasm; at least, where there is not enthusiasm in a profession, +success will never come--and as to the affairs of the world in +general, the divine, the lawyer, and the medical man, are more +conversant and mixed up with them, than any other human +beings--cabinet ministers themselves, not excepted. + +The divine, by the sacred nature of his calling, and the higher +character of his duties, is, perhaps, farther removed from an +immediate contact with society; his labours are of a more exalted +order, and the results of those labours not open to ordinary +observation; but the lawyer in full practice knows the designs and +devices of half our acquaintance; it is true, professional decorum +seals his lips, but _he_ has them all before him in his "mind's +eye,"--all their litigations and littlenesses,--all their cuttings, +and carvings, and contrivings. He knows why a family, who hate the +French with all the fervour of British prejudice, visits Paris, and +remains there for a year or two; he can give a good reason why a man +who delights in a well preserved property in a sporting country, with +a house well built and beautifully situated, consents to "_spare it_," +at a reduced price, to a man for whom he cares nothing upon earth: and +looks at the world fully alive to the motives, and perfectly aware of +the circumstances, of three-fourths of the unconscious actors by whom +he is surrounded. + +The eminent medical man stands, if not upon higher ground, at least in +a more interesting position. As he mingles with the gay assembly, or +visits the crowded ball, he knows the latent ills, the hidden, yet +incurable disorders of the laughing throng by which he is encircled; +he sees premature death lurking under the hectic flush on the cheek of +the lovely Fanny, and trembles for the fate of the kind-hearted Emily, +as he beholds her mirthfully joining in the mazy dance. He, too, by +witnessing the frequently recurring scenes of death, beholds the +genuine sorrow of the bereaved wife, or the devoted husband--and can, +by the constant unpremeditated exhibitions of fondness and feeling, +appreciate the affection which exists in such and such places, and +understand, with an almost magical power, the value of the links by +which society is held together. + + +_Middle Life_. + +There is more healthful exercise for the mind in the uneven paths of +middling life, than there is on the Macadamized road of fortune. Were +the year all summer, how tiresome would be the green leaves and the +bright sunshine--as, indeed, those will admit, who have lived in +climates where vegetation is always at work. + + +_Unwelcome Truth_. + +Plain speaking was Mousetrap's distinctive characteristic; his +conversation abounded in blunt truisms, founded upon a course of +thinking somewhat peculiar to himself, but which, when tried by the +test of human vice and human folly, proved very frequently to be a +great deal more accurate than agreeable. + + +_Stockbrokers_. + +"I know some of them brokering boys are worth a million on Monday, and +threepence on Thursday--all in high feather one week, and poor +waddling creturs the next." + + +_Mercantile Life_. + +A dark hole of a counting-house, with a couple of clerk chaps, cocked +up upon long-legged stools, writing out letters--a smoky +fireplace--two or three files, stuck full of dirty papers, hanging +against the wall--an almanack, and a high-railed desk, with a slit in +a panel, with "bills for acceptance" painted over it. They are the +chaps "wot" makes time-bargains--they speculate for thousands, having +nothing in the world--and then at the wind-up of a week or two, pay +each other what they call the difference: that is to say, the change +between what they cannot get, and what they have not got. + + +_The Secret Spring_. + +There are with all great affairs smaller affairs connected, so that in +the watch-work of society, the most skilful artist is sometimes +puzzled to fix upon the very little wheel by which the greater wheels +are worked. + + +"_Bad Company_." + +The subject under discussion was the great advantages likely to arise +from the establishment of the North Shields Sawdust Consolidation +Company, in which Apperton told Maxwell there were still seventy-four +shares to be purchased: they were hundred pound shares, and were +actually down at eighty-nine, would be at fifteen premium on the +following Saturday, and must eventually rise to two hundred and +thirty, for reasons which he gave in the most plausible manner, and +which were in themselves perfectly satisfactory, as he said, to the +"meanest capacity;" a saying with which it might have been perfectly +safe to agree. + + +_Love_. + +What does Sterne say? That love is no more made by talking of it, than +a black pudding would be. Habit, association, assimilation of tastes, +communion of thought, kindness without pretension, solicitude without +effort, a tacit agreement and a silent sympathy; these are the +excitements and stimulants of the only sort of love that is worth +thinking of. + + +_Brighton_. + +Brighton will be as good a residence as any other; there's nobody +there knows much of either of _you_; and the place has got so big, +that you may be as snug as you please; a large town and a large party, +are the best possible shelters for love matters. Ay, go to +Brighton--the prawns for breakfast, the Wheatears (as the Cockneys +delicately call them, without knowing what they are talking about) for +dinner, and the lobsters for supper, with a cigar, and a little +ginnums and water, whiffing the wind, and sniffing the briny out of +one of the bow-window balconies--that's it--Brighton's the place, +against the world. + + +_Murder_. + +A gentleman criminal is too rich a treat to be overlooked; and a +murder in good society forms a tale of middling life, much too +interesting to be passed over in a hurry. + + +_A Love Errand_. + +He went to look for something which he had not left there, and whither +she followed him, to assist in a pursuit which she knew went for +nothing. + + * * * * * + + + +MOORE'S LIFE OF BYRON, VOL. II. + +The publication of this work, _bona fide_, has not yet taken place; +but we are enabled by the aid of the _Athenaeum_ to quote a page. + +The volume commences with the following powerful review of Lord +Byron's mind and fortune at the time he left England:-- + + "The circumstances under which Lord Byron now took leave of + England were such as, in the case of any ordinary person, + could not be considered otherwise than disastrous and + humiliating. He had, in the course of one short year, gone + through every variety of domestic misery;--had seen his hearth + ten times profaned by the visitations of the law, and been + only saved from a prison by the privileges of his rank. He had + alienated (if, indeed, they had ever been his) the affections + of his wife; and now, rejected by her, and condemned by the + world, was betaking himself to an exile which had not even the + dignity of appearing voluntary, as the excommunicating voice + of society seemed to leave him no other resource. Had he been + of that class of unfeeling and self-satisfied natures from + whose hard surface the reproaches of others fall pointless, he + might have found in insensibility a sure refuge against + reproach; but, on the contrary, the same sensitiveness that + kept him so awake to the applauses of mankind rendered him, in + a still more intense degree, alive to their censure. Even the + strange, perverse pleasures which he felt in painting himself + unamiably to the world did not prevent him from being both + startled and pained when the world took him at his word; and, + like a child in a mask before a looking-glass, the dark + semblance which he had half in sport, put on, when reflected + back upon him from the mirror of public opinion, shocked even + himself. + + "Thus surrounded by vexations, and thus deeply feeling them, + it is not too much to say, that any other spirit but his own + would have sunk under the struggle, and lost, perhaps, + irrecoverably, that level of self-esteem which alone affords a + stand against the shocks of fortune. But in him,--furnished as + his mind was with reserves of strength, waiting to be called + out,--the very intensity of the pressure brought relief by the + proportionate reaction which it produced. Had his + transgressions and frailties been visited with no more than + their due portion of punishment, there can be little doubt + that a very different result would have ensued. Not only would + such an excitement have been insufficient to waken up the new + energies still dormant in him, but that consciousness of his + own errors, which was for ever livelily present in his mind, + would, under such circumstances, have been left, undisturbed + by any unjust provocation, to work its usual softening and, + perhaps, humbling influences on his spirit. But,--luckily, as + it proved, for the further triumphs of his genius,--no such + moderation was exercised. The storm of invective raised around + him, so utterly out of proportion with his offences, and the + base calumnies that were everywhere heaped upon his name, left + to his wounded pride no other resource than in the same + summoning up of strength, the same instinct of resistance to + injustice, which had first forced out the energies of his + youthful genius, and was now destined to give him a still + bolder and loftier range of its powers. + + * * * * * + + "But the greatest of his trials, as well as triumphs, was yet + to come. The last stage of this painful, though glorious, + course, in which fresh power was, at every step, wrung from + out of his soul, was that at which we are now arrived, his + marriage and its results,--without which, dear as was the + price paid by him in peace and character, his career would + have been incomplete, and the world still left in ignorance of + the full compass of his genius. It is indeed worthy of remark, + that it was not till his domestic circumstances began to + darken around him that his fancy, which had long been idle, + again arose upon the wing,--both the Siege of Corinth and + Parisina having been produced but a short time before the + separation. How conscious he was, too, that the turmoil which + followed was the true element of his restless spirit may be + collected from several passages of his letters, at that + period, in one of which he even mentions that his health had + become all the better for the conflict:--'It is odd,' he says, + 'but agitation or contest of any kind gives a rebound to my + spirits, and sets me up for the time.' + + "This buoyancy it was--this irrepressible spring of + mind,--that now enabled him to bear up not only against the + assaults of others, but what was still more difficult, against + his own thoughts and feelings. The muster of all his mental + resources to which, in self-defence, he had been driven, but + opened to him the yet undreamed extent and capacity of his + powers, and inspired him with a proud confidence, that he + should yet shine down these calumnious mists, convert censure + to wonder, and compel even those who could not approve to + admire. + + "The route which he now took, through Flanders and by the + Rhine, is best traced in his own matchless verses, which leave + a portion of their glory on all that they touch, and lend to + scenes, already clothed with immortality by nature and by + history, the no less durable associations of undying song." + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + SHAKSPEARE. + + +SELDEN, + + +Towards the close of his life, was so thoroughly convinced of the +superior value of the Holy Scriptures, as to declare that the 11th, +12th, 13th, and 14th verses of the second chapter of St. Paul's +Epistle to Titus, afforded him more solid satisfaction than all he had +ever read. + +H.B.A. + + * * * * * + + +FULL-BOTTOMED WIGS. + + +The full-bottomed wigs which unfortunately envelope and cloud some of +the most distinguished portraits of former days, were in fashion +during the reigns of our William and Mary. Lord Bolingbroke was one of +the first that tied them up, with which the queen was much offended, +and said to a by-stander, "he would soon come to court in his +night-cap." Soon after, tie wigs, instead of being an undress, became +the high court dress. + +H.B.A. + + * * * * * + + +A WINDOW THE CAUSE OF A WAR. + + +When the Palace of Trianon was building for Louis XIV. at the end of +Versailles' Park, that monarch went to inspect it, accompanied by +Louvois, secretary of war, and superintendent of the building. Whilst +walking arm in arm with him, he remarked that one of the windows was +out of shape, and smaller than the rest--this Louvois denied, and +asserted that he could not perceive the least difference. Louis XIV. +having had it measured, and finding that he had judged rightly, +treated Louvois in a contumelious manner before his whole court. This +conduct so incensed the minister, that when he arrived home he was +heard to say, that he would find better employment for a monarch than +that of insulting his favourites: he was as good as his word, for by +his insolence and haughtiness he insulted the other powers, and +occasioned the bloody war of 1688. + + * * * * * + +In 1306, Bruce having taken shelter in the Isle of Arran, sent a +trusty person into Carrick, to learn how his vassals stood affected to +his cause; with instructions, that, if he found them disposed to +assist him he should make a signal at a time appointed, by lighting a +fire on an eminence near the Castle of Turnbury. The messenger found +the English in possession of Carrick, the people dispirited, and none +ready to take arms; he therefore did not make the signal. But a fire +being made about noon on the appointed spot, (possibly by accident) +both Bruce and the messenger saw it. The former with his associates +put to sea to join his supposed party; the latter to prevent his +coming. They met before Bruce reached the shore, when the messenger +acquainted Bruce with the unpromising state of his affairs, and +advised him to go back; but he obeying the dictates of despair and +valour, resolved to persevere; and attacking the English, carelessly +cantoned in the neighbourhood of Turnbury, put a number of them to the +sword, and pillaged their quarters. Percy, from the castle, heard the +uproar, yet did not sally forth against them, not knowing their +strength. Bruce with his followers not exceeding three hundred in +number, remained for some days near Turnbury; but succours having +arrived from the neighbouring garrisons, he was obliged to seek safety +in the mountainous parts of Carrick. + +C.D. + + * * * * * + + +"WILLIE WASTLE." + + +When Oliver Cromwell was at Haddington, he sent a summons to the +governor of Hume Castle, ordering him to surrender. The governor +answered, + + "That he, Willie Wastle, stood firm in his castle, + That all the dogs of his town should not drive Willie Wastle down." + +This anecdote gave rise to the amusement of Willie Wastle among +children. + + * * * * * + + +When the Irish Union was effected in 1801, the Ex-Chancellor of the +Exchequer, Sir John Parnell, was the reigning _toast_. Being one +evening in a convivial party, he jocularly said that by the Union he +had lost his _bread and butter_. "Ah, my dear sir," replied a friend, +"never mind, for it is amply made up to you in _toasts_." + + * * * * * + + +CURIOUS LEGACY. + + +_By Samuel Hawkins, Esq. to White Chapel Parish, 1804, bequeathing +L300. for performing Divine Service for ever, in the said parish +church_. + +Two guineas to be paid to Curate or Rector, for preaching a sermon on +New Year's Day, from a text mentioned in his will. To Parish Clerk +10s. 6d. to sing 100th Psalm, old version, same day. To organist 10s. +6d. for playing tune to same. To Sexton 10s. 6d. if he attend the +same; and to master and mistress of the free-school, each 10s. 6d. for +attending the charity children at the same time and place; and to the +Trustees of the school three guineas for refreshments, and to supply +as many quartern loaves to be distributed to such poor as shall attend +divine service on that day. The overplus, if any, to be given in bread +to the poor of the parish that the trustees may consider proper +objects of relief. + +JAC-CO. + + * * * * * + + +WIT AND JOKES. + + +Selden says, "Nature must be the ground work of wit and art, otherwise +whatever is done will prove but Jack-pudding's work. + +"Wit must grow like fingers; if it be taken from others, 'tis like +plums stuck upon black thorns; they are there for awhile, but they +come to nothing. + +"Women ought not to know their own wit, because they will be showing +it, and so spoil it; like a child that will constantly be showing its +fine new coat, till at length it all bedaubs it with its pah hands. + +"Fine wits destroy themselves with their own plots in meddling with +great affairs of state. They commonly do as the ape, that saw the +gunner put bullets in the cannon, and was pleased with it, and he +would be doing so too; at last he puts himself into the piece, and so +both ape and bullet were shot away together." + +"The jokes, bon-mots, the little adventures, which may do very well +(says Chesterfield) in one company will seem flat and tedious when +related in another--they are often ill-timed, and prefaced thus: 'I +will tell you an excellent thing.' This raises expectations, which +when absolutely disappointed, make the relator of this excellent thing +look, very deservedly, like a fool." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +FAT FOLKS. + + +Prince Harry and Falstaff, in Shakspeare, have carried the ridicule +upon fat and lean as far as it will go. Falstaff is humorously called +_Wool-Sack_, _Bed Presser_, and _Hill of Flesh_; Harry, a +_Starveling_, an _Eel's-skin_, a _Sheath_, a _Bow-case_, and a _Tuck_. + + * * * * * + +_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset +House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; +and by all Newsmen and Booksellers_. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + +***** This file should be named 13199.txt or 13199.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/1/9/13199/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Victoria Woosley and PG Distributed +Proofreaders + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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