initial commit of ebook 13301HEADmain

6 files changed, 2812 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/old/13301-8.txt b/old/13301-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ac658e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/13301-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,883 @@
+Project Gutenberg's The New Ideal In Education, by Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The New Ideal In Education
+
+Author: Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+Release Date: August 27, 2004 [EBook #13301]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Zoran Stefanovic, Frank van Drogen and Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe. This file was produced from images generously
+made available by Project Rastko.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE
+NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION
+
+
+AN ADDRESS GIVEN BEFORE
+THE LEAGUE OF THE EMPIRE
+
+On July 16th, 1916.
+
+BY
+FR. NICHOLAI VELIMIROVIC, PH.D.
+
+_Reprinted from the "FEDERAL MAGAZINE."_
+
+
+LONDON
+"THE ELECTRICIAN" PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO., LIMITED.
+SALISBURY COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C.
+
+
+
+
+THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION.
+
+By Father Nicholai Velimirovic, Ph.D.
+
+        "Nature _takes sufficient care
+        of our individualistic sense,
+        leaving to_ Education _the care
+        of our panhumanistic sense_."
+
+Ladies and Gentlemen,
+
+If we do not want war we must look to the children. There is the only
+hope and the only wise starting point. It is not without a deep
+prophetic significance that Christ asked children to come unto Him. In
+all the world-calamities, in all wars, strifes, religious inquisitions
+and persecutions, in all the hours of human misery and helplessness, He
+has been asking, through centuries, the children to come unto Him. I am
+sure, if anybody has ears for His voice to-day, amidst the thunderings
+of guns and passions and revenges, one would hear the same call: Let the
+children come unto Me!--Not kings and politicians, not journalists and
+generals, not the grown-up people, but children. And so to-day also,
+when we ask for a way out of the present world-misery, when we _in
+profundis_ of darkness to-day ask for light, and in sorrow for to-morrow
+ask for advice and comfort, we must look to the children and Christ.
+
+
+WHY NOT KINGS?
+
+Why does Christ not ask the kings to come to Him--the kings, and
+politicians, and journalists, and generals? Because they are too much
+engaged in a wrong state of things, and because they are greatly
+responsible themselves for such a wrong state of things, and because
+consequently it is difficult for them to change their ways, their hearts
+and their minds. It would be very hard for Napoleon and Pitt to kneel
+together down before Christ and to embrace each other. It would be
+almost impossible for Bismarck and Gambetta to walk together. Not less
+it would be impossible for the Pope and Monsieur Loisy or George Tyrrel
+to pray in the same bench. Every generation is laden with sins and
+prejudices. That is the reason why Christ goes only a little way with
+every generation, and then He becomes tired and asks for a new
+generation--He calls for children. Christ is always new and fresh as
+children are. Every generation is spoiled and corrupted by long living
+and struggling.
+
+But for a new generation the world is quite a new wonder. God is shown
+only to those for whom the world is a new thing, a wonder. No one, who
+does not admire this world as a wonder, can find God. For the old Hęckel
+no God exists, just because for him no wonder exists. He pretends to
+know everything. Christ means for him nothing and he means for Christ
+nothing. Every foolish child, believing in God and in this wonderful
+world, has more wisdom than the materialistic professor from Germany.
+Christ is getting tired of an old generation. Sadly He calls for a new
+one--for children. In our distress to-day, I think, we should multiply
+His voice, calling for Him, for a new generation and for a new
+education.
+
+
+
+THE EDUCATION WHICH MAKES FOR WAR.
+
+It is called by a very attractive name, the _individualistic_ education.
+The true name of it is selfishness, or egotism. No religion of Asia ever
+boasted of having been the birthplace of such an education. It is born
+in the heart of Europe, in Germany. It was brought up by Schopenhauer
+and Goethe. It was subsequently supported by the German biologists, by
+the musicians, sculptors, philosophers, poets, soldiers, socialists and
+priests, by the wisest and by the madmen beyond the Rhine. Unfortunately
+France, Russia and even Great Britain have not been quite exempt from
+this pernicious theory of individualistic education.
+
+The sophistic theories of Athens of old have been renewed in Central
+Europe--the individuum is the ultimate aim of education. A human
+individuum is of limitless worth, said the German interpreters of the
+New Testament. Materialistic science, contradicting itself, agreed on
+that point with modern theology. Art, in all its branches, presented
+itself as the sole expression of one individuum, i.e., of the artist.
+The modern socialism, contradicting its own name, supported
+individualism very strongly in every department of human activity.
+Consequently modern Pedagogy, based upon the general tendencies, put up
+the same individualistic ideal as the aim to be achieved by the schools,
+church, state, and by many other social institutions.
+
+
+THE RESULTS OF THE OLD IDEAL.
+
+War is the result of the old ideal of education. I call it old because
+it is over for ever, I hope, with this war. The old European ideal of
+education was so called individualistic. This ideal was supported
+equally by the churches and by science and art. Extreme individualism,
+developed in Germany more than in any other country, resulted in pride,
+pride resulted in materialism, materialism in pessimism. Put upon a
+dangerous and false base every evil result followed quite naturally. If
+my poor personality is of limitless value, without any effort and merit
+of my own, why should not I be proud? If the aim of the world's history
+is to produce some few genial personalities, as Carlyle taught, why
+should not I think that I am such a personality for my own generation,
+and why should I not be proud of that? Once filled with pride I will
+soon be filled also with contempt for other men. Selfishness and denial
+of God will follow my pride; this is called by a scientific word
+materialism. Being a materialist, as long as I possess a certain amount
+of intellectual and physical strength, I will be proud of myself. But as
+soon as my body or spirit are affected by any illness (it may be only a
+headache or toothache), I will plunge into a dark pessimism, always the
+shadow and the end of materialism. Modern Germany was, as you know, the
+hearth of individualism, and consequently also of pride, materialism,
+atheism and pessimism. The worship of strong personalities (to-day:
+Kaiser William and Hindenburg) holds the whole of Germany in unity
+during this war, which is not the case either in France or in Great
+Britain or Russia, where the common cause inspires the unity.
+
+
+THE EDUCATION WHICH MAKES FOR PEACE.
+
+When will wars really stop in the world's history? As soon as a new
+ideal of education is realised. What is this new ideal of education
+which makes for peace? I will give it in one word: _Panhumanism_. This
+word includes all I wish to say.
+
+Individualism means a brick, Panhumanism means a building. Even the
+greatest individuality (may it be Cęsar, or Raphael, or Luther) is no
+more than a brick in the panhuman building of history. The lives of
+individuals are only the points, whereas the life of mankind is a form,
+a deep, high and large form.
+
+If a great and original individuality were the aim of history, I think
+history should stop with the first man upon earth, for our first
+ancestor must have been the most striking individual who ever existed.
+Men coming after Adam have been like their parents and each other.
+Kaiser William is not such an interesting and striking a creature by far
+as the first man was. When Kaiser William opens his mouth to speak, he
+speaks words that are known. When he moves or sits, when he eats or
+prays--all that is a _nuance_ only of what other people do, all is
+either from heritage or imitation, and quite an insignificant amount is
+individual. Whereas every sound that the first man uttered was quite new
+for the Universe; every movement striking and dramatic; every look of
+his eyes was discovering new worlds; every joy or sorrow violently felt;
+every struggle a great accumulation of experiences. And so forth. Well,
+if one striking individuum is the aim of history, history should close
+with the death of Adam. But history still continues. Why? Just because
+not Adam was its aim, but mankind; not one, or two, or ten heroes, but
+millions of human creatures; not some few great men, but all men, all
+together, all without exception.
+
+From this point of view we get the true ideal of education. The purpose
+of education is not to make grand personalities, but to make bricks for
+the building, i.e., to make suitable members of a collective body and
+suitable workers of a collective work.
+
+
+COLLECTIVE WORKS
+
+Are greater than personal works. A pupil from the old, individualistic
+school would object:
+
+--And what do you think of the work of Ibsen?
+
+_I:_ I think it is incomparably smaller than the ancient Scandinavian
+legends.
+
+_He:_ Do you not grant that Alfred the Great was the real creator of the
+English Kingdom?
+
+_I:_ Never. Millions and millions of human creatures are built into this
+building that we call England, or English history, or English
+civilisation.
+
+_He:_ And what about the man who built St. Paul's Cathedral?
+
+_I:_ It is a collective work, as are all the great works that have been
+done. The architecture of St. Paul's is one of the ancient styles, and
+no style in architecture was ever invented or created by one person, but
+by generations and generations.
+
+_He:_ And what about Victor Hugo and Milton? Are they not great poets?
+
+_I:_ Yes, they are if compared with certain minor poets, but they are
+not great if compared with the popular poetry of India or Greece.
+Mahabarata, the Koran, and Zend-Avesta, and the Bible, are products of
+collective efforts--therefore they are superior to every personal
+effort.
+
+_He:_ Do you not appreciate the great economists and what they did for
+the household, and common-wealth in general?
+
+_I:_ Certainly I do; but their work is too much overestimated. Not a
+handful of economic writers, like Adam Smith and Marx, but the common
+genius of generations and generations arranged the house, set the
+furniture, created the cooking, constructed towns, invented plays and
+enjoyments, customs, language, and so forth.
+
+_He:_ You agree, I think, that Shaljapin and Caruso have wonderful
+voices, don't you?
+
+_I:_ Yes, I agree. But don't you agree that a choir of millions of human
+voices would be something much more striking and wonderful than any solo
+singer since the beginning of time?
+
+_He:_ Don't you believe in the wisdom of wise men like Kant and Spencer?
+
+_I:_ No, I don't. I think there is incomparably more healthy and more
+applicable wisdom in the popular sayings, proverbs, parables, and tales
+of the nations, cultivated and uncultivated, in Macedonia, Armenia,
+Ceylon, New Zealand, Japan, &c., than in some dozen of the greatest
+thinkers of Europe.
+
+_He:_ Who is then in your opinion a great man?
+
+_I:_ Only a good man is a great man to me, who is conscious that he is a
+cell in the panhuman organism, or a brick in the building of human
+history. Such a man is more a man of truth and of the future than any
+conqueror, who thinks that a hundred millions of people and hundreds of
+years have waited just for him and his guidance, his work, or his
+wisdom.
+
+That is what I would say to a pupil of individualism in education. And
+at the end I would remind him of Christ and His call after the children,
+and of the new ideal of education, of panhumanism which stands over
+individualism, and of the collective work of people which stands over
+every individual work and merit.
+
+
+EDUCATION AS AN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIR.
+
+It is quite surprising and humiliating that other things can be
+discussed and settled as international affairs, before education. Yet
+you have hundreds of things regulated by international laws, and among
+these hundred things education is net yet reckoned. You have the
+International Institution of the Red Cross, international laws on trade,
+fishery, travel, copyright, political crimes, barbarities in war-time,
+&c. But this war shows quite clearly that education--before anything
+else--should be a matter of international consideration and regulation.
+Behold, how illusory are all international restrictions when the
+education of a nation is quite excluded from any control! When the
+Nitzschean education of Germany teaches the German youth to despise all
+neighbours, all nations and races as inferior ones, how could you expect
+the Germans to respect the laws and regulations about Belgium, and
+submarines--and Zeppelin-warfare, and use of the dum-dum bullets and of
+poisonous gases?
+
+If there is anything to be learned from this war it is doubtless this:
+The education of youth in all the countries of the world must become an
+international affair of the very first importance.
+
+THE RUSSIAN TSAR, MR. CARNEGIE AND NOBEL.
+
+The Russian Tsar suggested the Peace Conference of The Hague. Mr.
+Carnegie built a wonderful Hall of Peace there, formed several
+commissions for the investigation of war cruelties during the Balkan
+Wars, and founded many public libraries for the instruction of the poor.
+The noble Nobel left his big fortune for the support of the best works
+of literature or science having as their aim the general good of
+mankind. If I were either the Russian Tsar or Mr. Carnegie or Professor
+Nobel I would do neither of the three mentioned things, but I would give
+suggestions and material support to an International Board of Education.
+
+That is the point to start with in the consolidation of the World. I am
+sorry to say that no one of these three great friends of mankind listens
+to the prophetic words of Christ: Let children come unto me! and that no
+one thought that no great social reform and no real philanthropic
+foundation of mankind is possible to realise--yea, even to
+start--otherwise than through the children. The Peace Conference, being
+rather a law court than anything else, is beaten by the uncontrolled
+warlike education of the German nation. Carnegie's books have been read
+by grown-up people who had already got a direction in life, and
+Carnegie's Hall of Peace in The Hague is still an office without
+business. Nobel's prize was given also to some German professors who are
+responsible for the new pedagogy in Germany.
+
+
+MOTHERS, PATRIOTS, AND PRIESTS.
+
+These three can be the best possible supporters or the worst enemies of
+your educational scheme. Mothers by nature adore their children and
+excite their individualism. Patriots try to engage the whole heart and
+imagination of a child for its own country. Priests are asking the whole
+sympathy of a child for their creed and their church. To be
+individualistic, to be a patriot and a believer are the quite natural
+gifts of a healthy person. But maternal love exaggerates very often the
+individualism of a child and makes it egotistic and selfish; exclusively
+cultivated patriotism degenerates into chauvinism; and exclusive church
+education makes a bigot. These three kinds of people (alas! the
+majority), egotists, chauvinists and bigots, will be against an
+international scheme of education. But you must say to the sensible
+mothers: The international education of your child will not kill its
+individuality, but, on the contrary, will use it to the best advantage
+for mankind and for itself. You are an enemy of your son if you educate
+him to be an egotist and egoist. In egotism and egoism one has the worst
+company in this life, the company which leads to pessimism and disgust
+of life.
+
+You must say to the sensible patriots: International education approves
+of patriotic as of a natural inclination; only the new education intends
+to make a window in every fatherland so that the child may see its
+neighbours and stretch its hand to greet them.
+
+And you must say to the sensible priests: The international board of
+education will let every child go to its own church and learn the
+catechism from its own parish priest; but it will be brought in touch
+with the children of different creeds, and it will pray with them upon
+the general ground of all the creeds.
+
+
+THE INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION.
+
+1. It shall consist of the representatives of all the boards of
+education in the world.
+
+2. The members of the board shall officially represent their own
+country.
+
+3. The board will be supported materially by the respective Governments,
+and it will dispose of a great fortune from private legacies. For all
+the philanthropists and peacemakers and peace wishers will support such
+an institution rather than any other in the world.
+
+4. The authority of this board shall be equal to the authority of an
+international political congress.
+
+5. Its duty will be to control education all over the world, banishing
+or restricting individualism, egotism, chauvinism and bigotism, and
+promoting by all means panhumanism by developing the mind for collective
+work, mutual help, personal goodness and humbleness and social
+greatness.
+
+
+TO BRING CHILDREN OF THE WORLD CLOSER TOGETHER.
+
+Let them meet as often as possible; I mean the children from England and
+the children from Serbia, the children from Russia and the children from
+France. So they will know about each other that they all are human
+beings, and that they all can smile in friendliness on each other. Let
+them travel to each other's country; I mean the children from Germany
+and the children from Italy, the children from Japan and those from
+Scandinavia. Let them see how every spot on earth is wonderful in its
+way, and how worthy of love, of patriotism. When will the railway
+companies and ship companies say: Let the children come to us? When
+will they arrange the best trains, better than the royal trains, the
+most commodious and decorated with flowers and flags of different
+nations and with one special flag of the Children World Union? When the
+moment comes that the wonderful modern communication begins to help the
+children to meet each other and to pay visits to each other, at that
+moment the invention of steam and electricity will justify itself. In
+transferring the troops and facilitating crime it does net justify
+itself. Let the word communication be not only for the sake of crime and
+for the sake of bread; let it be for the sake of peace and of souls.
+
+Let them sing together, everyone in his own tongue; I mean the children
+from the East and West and North and South. You should have been the
+other day in the Mansion House when the English and Serbian boys met
+together, and have listened to the English singing the Serbian and the
+Serbian singing the English National Anthems, and you would have been
+fascinated by the sweet revelation of the future world.
+
+Let the children from the East and West and South and North, pray
+together. Why not? Bring them, thousands of them, to a mountain, upon
+which our ancestors prayed, and let them at sunset kneel down and sing
+some common prayer that they all know, or, if they have no such common
+prayer in their creeds, let them just kneel and silently pray! Such a
+silent prayer will do more good than any thousand years' old discussion
+about religion. It is very easy to convince all the children of the
+world, just because they are children, that they have one Father in
+Heaven, and that they shall send their prayers to Him. But even if they
+send their prayers in different directions, they will arrive at the same
+place. All prayers, whenever and wherever sent, go always the same way.
+
+Let the children from the northern ice and from the tropical heat carry
+on a correspondence. Millions of letters are written and sent every day,
+which mean nonsense and evil. The post communication will justify itself
+much more by bearing the children's mail, with truth and love, than by
+bearing perfidious diplomatic notes or letters which mean nonsense and
+evil. One of the unforgettable events in Serbia during this war happened
+in 1914 on Christmas Day, when an American ship arrived and brought
+gifts and letters from the children of America to the children of
+Serbia. This wonderful mail produced the greatest imaginable excitement
+among the Serbian children. They were busy, very busy for some weeks,
+reading the friendly letters from so far, and answering them. I am sure
+they will forget many sad events of the war, but they never can forget
+this wonderful and surprising mail, which made for peace more than any
+of the costly commissions for the investigation of war cruelties, or any
+of Carnegie's empty, although wonderful, luxurious halls of peace.
+
+Let the children, the representatives of all the countries in the world,
+come to The Hague to hold the International Peace Congress. The
+programme of this Congress should be: Singing, playing, dancing, smiling
+and praying. They will meet as friends and speak every one in his native
+language, and they will understand each other very well as friends
+always understand each other. This Children's Hague Conference will
+promote the world peace more than The Hague Conference composed of
+enemies, mutually annoying themselves by obligatory politeness and bad
+French.
+
+But, you will ask, who is going to arrange and execute all this? The
+International Board of Education.
+
+But, you will say, it will be very expensive? Yes, but, supposing it
+will be as expensive as the war, for which of the two do you prefer to
+give money--for such a salvatory experiment or for the war? Yet, I am
+sure of one thing, it will cost less than a war.
+
+
+THE INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF EDUCATION.
+
+If you do not watch the education of a country all other international
+precautions for peace and mutual understanding will be wholly illusory.
+
+
+An International Board of Education should control the programmes of
+education of all countries. It should watch that one principle prevails
+in every educational programme, i.e., the principle of Panhumanism. It
+should not interfere as to the form of education, no, far from that, but
+look to the unity of the principle of education upon the whole globe. It
+should carefully avoid all the watchwords which make for separations and
+wars, like "Germany, Germany _over all!_" The child must love its own
+country, but it must know also that its country is not the thing over
+all other things. It must be taught that God and mankind are something
+which stands above its country.
+
+It should control not only the governmental programmes of education, but
+it should also watch the mothers, patriots and priests. It should try to
+have these three world-powers not for the enemies but for the allies and
+missionaries of a higher, and a panhuman education.
+
+
+THE THIRD STAGE OF THE EUROPEAN EDUCATION.
+
+There are three stages of the Christian European education:--
+
+1. Compulsory obedience. This was in the Middle Ages when men were
+compelled to do the common work by the authority of the church and
+nobility.
+
+2. The experiment with Individualism. This has been since the
+Renaissance, especially since Rousseau--a personality put as the centre
+and aim of education, the abhorrence of every compulsion whatsoever.
+
+3. Voluntary Obedience. It is the education of tomorrow. It is a stage
+where all men will see their mission in their collective work, and
+therefore voluntarily enchain themselves into the panhuman organism,
+plunging their imaginative, pointlike personalities into a big and
+mystic personality of mankind.
+
+The Voluntary Obedience will mean a voluntary slavery. We are going to
+be slaves again, but not by royal or papal compulsion, but by our good
+will; we are going to be slaves as the parts of a body are slaves and
+servants of each other, and as the bricks are slaves and servants of a
+great building. We are going to be "prisoners of the Lord," as St. Paul
+says, instead of being as now the prisoners of our dreams, imaginations
+and ambitions.
+
+This war will close a period of a wrong education, and will open a
+period of a right one. It will open our eyes that we may see how we all
+are one, and how the greatest of us is nothing else than a bigger cell
+in the immense organism of history.
+
+There is no hope for the future in the politicians, or generals, now
+struggling. The only hope and guarantee lies in the children. A new
+education in _personal goodness_ making for _social greatness_ is the
+only salutary war. Therefore, let us look to the children!
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The New Ideal In Education, by Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION ***
+
+***** This file should be named 13301-8.txt or 13301-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/3/0/13301/
+
+Produced by Zoran Stefanovic, Frank van Drogen and Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe. This file was produced from images generously
+made available by Project Rastko.
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/old/13301-8.zip b/old/13301-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50a478d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/13301-8.zip
diff --git a/old/13301-h.zip b/old/13301-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b591dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/13301-h.zip
diff --git a/old/13301-h/13301-h.htm b/old/13301-h/13301-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a21152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/13301-h/13301-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
+    "text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The, by Fr. Nicholai Velimirovic, Ph.D..
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
+    P {  margin-top: .75em;
+         text-align: justify;
+         margin-bottom: .75em;
+         }
+    H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 {
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         }
+    HR { width: 33%;
+	margin-top: 1em;
+	margin-bottom: 1em;
+       }
+    BODY{margin-left: 10%;
+         margin-right: 10%;
+        }
+    .linenum  {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */
+    .note     {margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} /* footnote */
+    .blkquot  {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */
+    .pagenum  {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;} /* page numbers */
+    .sidenote {width: 20%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-left: 1em; font-size: smaller; float: right; clear: right;}
+
+    .poem             {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;}
+    .poem br          {display: none;}
+    .poem .stanza     {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+    .poem span        {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem span.i2     {display: block; margin-left: 2em;}
+    .poem span.i4     {display: block; margin-left: 4em;}
+    .poem .caesura    {vertical-align: -200%;}
+    // -->
+    /* XML end  ]]>*/
+    </style>
+   </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's The New Ideal In Education, by Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The New Ideal In Education
+
+Author: Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+Release Date: August 27, 2004 [EBook #13301]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Zoran Stefanovic, Frank van Drogen and Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe. This file was produced from images generously
+made available by Project Rastko.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<!-- Autogenerated TOC. Modify or delete as required. -->
+
+<!-- End Autogenerated TOC. -->
+
+
+
+<!-- Autogenerated TOC. Modify or delete as required. -->
+<p><a href='#WHY_NOT_KINGS'><b>WHY NOT KINGS.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#THE_EDUCATION_WHICH_MAKES_FOR_WAR'><b>THE EDUCATION WHICH MAKES FOR WAR.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#THE_RESULTS_OF_THE_OLD_IDEAL'><b>THE RESULTS OF THE OLD IDEAL.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#THE_EDUCATION_WHICH_MAKES_FOR_PEACE'><b>THE EDUCATION WHICH MAKES FOR PEACE.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#COLLECTIVE_WORKS'><b>COLLECTIVE WORKS.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#EDUCATION_AS_AN_INTERNATIONAL_AFFAIR'><b>'EDUCATION AS AN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIR.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#THE_RUSSIAN_TSAR_MR_CARNEGIE_AND_NOBEL'><b>THE RUSSIAN TSAR, MR CARNEGIE AND NOBEL.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#MOTHERS_PATRIOTS_AND_PRIESTS'><b>MOTHERS, PATRIOTS, AND PRIESTS.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#THE_INTERNATIONAL_BOARD_OF_EDUCATION'><b>THE INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#TO_BRING_CHILDREN_OF_THE_WORLD_CLOSER_TOGETHER'><b>TO BRING CHILDREN OF THE WORLD CLOSER TOGETHER.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#THE_INTERNATIONAL_CONTROL_OF_EDUCATION'><b>THE INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF EDUCATION.</b></a></p>
+<p><a href='#THE_THIRD_STAGE_OF_THE_EUROPEAN_EDUCATION'><b>THE THIRD STAGE OF THE EUROPEAN EDUCATION.</b></a></p>
+
+
+<p><!-- End Autogenerated TOC. --></p>
+
+<p></p><a name='Page_1'></a><a name='Page_1'></a>
+<h1>THE</h1>
+<h1>NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION</h1>
+
+<br />
+
+<h3>AN ADDRESS GIVEN BEFORE
+THE LEAGUE OF THE EMPIRE</h3>
+
+<h3>On July 16th, 1916.</h3>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+<h2>FR. NICHOLAI VELIMIROVIC, PH.D.</h2>
+
+<p><i>Reprinted from the &quot;FEDERAL MAGAZINE.&quot;</i></p>
+<br />
+
+<p>LONDON
+&quot;THE ELECTRICIAN&quot; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO., LIMITED.
+SALISBURY COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' /><a name='Page_2'></a><a name='Page_2'></a>
+<a name='THE_NEW_IDEAL_IN_EDUCATION'></a><h2>THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION.</h2>
+
+<p>By Father Nicholai Velimirovic, Ph.D.</p>
+
+<span style='margin-left: 4em;'>&quot;Nature <i>takes sufficient care</i></span><br />
+<span style='margin-left: 4em;'><i>of our individualistic sense,</i></span><br />
+<span style='margin-left: 4em;'><i>leaving to</i> Education <i>the care</i></span><br />
+<span style='margin-left: 4em;'><i>of our panhumanistic sense</i>.&quot;</span><br />
+
+<p>Ladies and Gentlemen,</p>
+
+<p>If we do not want war we must look to the children.
+There is the only hope and the only wise starting point. It
+is not without a deep prophetic significance that Christ
+asked children to come unto Him. In all the world-calamities,
+in all wars, strifes, religious inquisitions and persecutions, in
+all the hours of human misery and helplessness, He has been
+asking, through centuries, the children to come unto Him. I
+am sure, if anybody has ears for His voice to-day, amidst
+the thunderings of guns and passions and revenges, one would
+hear the same call: Let the children come unto Me!&mdash;Not
+kings and politicians, not journalists and generals, not the
+grown-up people, but children. And so to-day also, when
+we ask for a way out of the present world-misery, when we
+<i>in profundis</i> of darkness to-day ask for light, and in sorrow
+for to-morrow ask for advice and comfort, we must look to
+the children and Christ.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='WHY_NOT_KINGS'></a>WHY NOT KINGS?</p>
+
+<p>Why does Christ not ask the kings to come to Him&mdash;the
+kings, and politicians, and journalists, and generals? Because
+they are too much engaged in a wrong state of things, and
+because they are greatly responsible themselves for such a
+wrong state of things, and because consequently it is difficult
+for them to change their ways, their hearts and their
+minds. It would be very hard for Napoleon and Pitt to kneel
+together down before Christ and to embrace each other.
+It would be almost impossible for Bismarck and Gambetta<a name='Page_3'></a><a name='Page_3'></a>
+to walk together. Not less it would be impossible for the
+Pope and Monsieur Loisy or George Tyrrel to pray in the
+same bench. Every generation is laden with sins and
+prejudices. That is the reason why Christ goes only a
+little way with every generation, and then He becomes tired
+and asks for a new generation&mdash;He calls for children. Christ
+is always new and fresh as children are. Every generation
+is spoiled and corrupted by long living and struggling.</p>
+
+<p>But for a new generation the world is quite a new wonder.
+God is shown only to those for whom the world is a new
+thing, a wonder. No one, who does not admire this world
+as a wonder, can find God. For the old H&aelig;ckel no God
+exists, just because for him no wonder exists. He pretends
+to know everything. Christ means for him nothing and he
+means for Christ nothing. Every foolish child, believing
+in God and in this wonderful world, has more wisdom than
+the materialistic professor from Germany. Christ is getting
+tired of an old generation. Sadly He calls for a new
+one&mdash;for children. In our distress to-day, I think, we should
+multiply His voice, calling for Him, for a new generation and
+for a new education.</p>
+
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='THE_EDUCATION_WHICH_MAKES_FOR_WAR'></a>THE EDUCATION WHICH MAKES FOR WAR.</p>
+
+<p>It is called by a very attractive name, the <i>individualistic</i>
+education. The true name of it is selfishness, or egotism.
+No religion of Asia ever boasted of having been the birthplace
+of such an education. It is born in the heart of Europe,
+in Germany. It was brought up by Schopenhauer and
+Goethe. It was subsequently supported by the German
+biologists, by the musicians, sculptors, philosophers, poets,
+soldiers, socialists and priests, by the wisest and by the
+madmen beyond the Rhine. Unfortunately France, Russia
+and even Great Britain have not been quite exempt from this
+pernicious theory of individualistic education.</p>
+
+<p>The sophistic theories of Athens of old have been renewed
+in Central Europe&mdash;the individuum is the ultimate aim of
+education. A human individuum is of limitless worth,<a name='Page_4'></a><a name='Page_4'></a>
+said the German interpreters of the New Testament.
+Materialistic science, contradicting itself, agreed on that
+point with modern theology. Art, in all its branches,
+presented itself as the sole expression of one individuum,
+i.e., of the artist. The modern socialism, contradicting
+its own name, supported individualism very strongly in
+every department of human activity. Consequently
+modern Pedagogy, based upon the general tendencies, put
+up the same individualistic ideal as the aim to be achieved
+by the schools, church, state, and by many other social
+institutions.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='THE_RESULTS_OF_THE_OLD_IDEAL'></a>THE RESULTS OF THE OLD IDEAL.</p>
+
+<p>War is the result of the old ideal of education. I call it
+old because it is over for ever, I hope, with this war. The old
+European ideal of education was so called individualistic.
+This ideal was supported equally by the churches and by
+science and art. Extreme individualism, developed in Germany
+more than in any other country, resulted in pride,
+pride resulted in materialism, materialism in pessimism. Put
+upon a dangerous and false base every evil result followed
+quite naturally. If my poor personality is of limitless
+value, without any effort and merit of my own, why should
+not I be proud? If the aim of the world's history is to
+produce some few genial personalities, as Carlyle taught,
+why should not I think that I am such a personality for my
+own generation, and why should I not be proud of that?
+Once filled with pride I will soon be filled also with contempt
+for other men. Selfishness and denial of God will follow my
+pride; this is called by a scientific word materialism.
+Being a materialist, as long as I possess a certain amount of
+intellectual and physical strength, I will be proud of myself.
+But as soon as my body or spirit are affected by any illness
+(it may be only a headache or toothache), I will plunge
+into a dark pessimism, always the shadow and the end of
+materialism. Modern Germany was, as you know, the
+hearth of individualism, and consequently also of pride,
+materialism, atheism and pessimism. The worship of strong<a name='Page_5'></a><a name='Page_5'></a>
+personalities (to-day: Kaiser William and Hindenburg)
+holds the whole of Germany in unity during this war, which
+is not the case either in France or in Great Britain or
+Russia, where the common cause inspires the unity.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='THE_EDUCATION_WHICH_MAKES_FOR_PEACE'></a>THE EDUCATION WHICH MAKES FOR PEACE.</p>
+
+<p>When will wars really stop in the world's history? As
+soon as a new ideal of education is realised. What is this
+new ideal of education which makes for peace? I will
+give it in one word: <i>Panhumanism</i>. This word includes
+all I wish to say.</p>
+
+<p>Individualism means a brick, Panhumanism means a
+building. Even the greatest individuality (may it be
+C&aelig;sar, or Raphael, or Luther) is no more than a brick in
+the panhuman building of history. The lives of individuals
+are only the points, whereas the life of mankind is a form, a
+deep, high and large form.</p>
+
+<p>If a great and original individuality were the aim of
+history, I think history should stop with the first man upon
+earth, for our first ancestor must have been the most
+striking individual who ever existed. Men coming after
+Adam have been like their parents and each other. Kaiser
+William is not such an interesting and striking a creature by
+far as the first man was. When Kaiser William opens his
+mouth to speak, he speaks words that are known. When he
+moves or sits, when he eats or prays&mdash;all that is a <i>nuance</i>
+only of what other people do, all is either from heritage or
+imitation, and quite an insignificant amount is individual.
+Whereas every sound that the first man uttered was quite
+new for the Universe; every movement striking and
+dramatic; every look of his eyes was discovering new
+worlds; every joy or sorrow violently felt; every struggle
+a great accumulation of experiences. And so forth. Well,
+if one striking individuum is the aim of history, history
+should close with the death of Adam. But history still
+continues. Why? Just because not Adam was its aim, but
+mankind; not one, or two, or ten heroes, but millions of<a name='Page_6'></a><a name='Page_6'></a>
+human creatures; not some few great men, but all men, all
+together, all without exception.</p>
+
+<p>From this point of view we get the true ideal of education.
+The purpose of education is not to make grand personalities,
+but to make bricks for the building, i.e., to make suitable
+members of a collective body and suitable workers of a
+collective work.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='COLLECTIVE_WORKS'></a>COLLECTIVE WORKS</p>
+
+<p>are greater than personal works. A pupil from the old,
+individualistic school would object:</p>
+
+<p>&mdash;And what do you think of the work of Ibsen?</p>
+
+<p><i>I:</i> I think it is incomparably smaller than the ancient
+Scandinavian legends.</p>
+
+<p><i>He:</i> Do you not grant that Alfred the Great was the real
+creator of the English Kingdom ?</p>
+
+<p><i>I:</i> Never. Millions and millions of human creatures are
+built into this building that we call England, or English
+history, or English civilisation.</p>
+
+<p><i>He:</i> And what about the man who built St. Paul's
+Cathedral ?</p>
+
+<p><i>I:</i> It is a collective work, as are all the great works that
+have been done. The architecture of St. Paul's is one of
+the ancient styles, and no style in architecture was ever
+invented or created by one person, but by generations and
+generations.</p>
+
+<p><i>He:</i> And what about Victor Hugo and Milton? Are
+they not great poets ?</p>
+
+<p><i>I:</i> Yes, they are if compared with certain minor poets,
+but they are not great if compared with the popular poetry
+of India or Greece. Mahabarata, the Koran, and Zend-Avesta, and the Bible, are products of collective efforts&mdash;therefore
+they are superior to every personal effort.</p>
+
+<p><i>He:</i> Do you not appreciate the great economists and
+what they did for the household, and common-wealth in
+general?</p>
+<a name='Page_7'></a><a name='Page_7'></a>
+<p><i>I:</i> Certainly I do; but their work is too much overestimated.
+Not a handful of economic writers, like Adam
+Smith and Marx, but the common genius of generations and
+generations arranged the house, set the furniture, created
+the cooking, constructed towns, invented plays and enjoyments,
+customs, language, and so forth.</p>
+
+<p><i>He:</i> You agree, I think, that Shaljapin and Caruso have
+wonderful voices, don't you?</p>
+
+<p><i>I:</i> Yes, I agree. But don't you agree that a choir of
+millions of human voices would be something much more
+striking and wonderful than any solo singer since the
+beginning of time?</p>
+
+<p><i>He:</i> Don't you believe in the wisdom of wise men like
+Kant and Spencer?</p>
+
+<p><i>I:</i> No, I don't. I think there is incomparably more
+healthy and more applicable wisdom in the popular sayings,
+proverbs, parables, and tales of the nations, cultivated and
+uncultivated, in Macedonia, Armenia, Ceylon, New Zealand,
+Japan, &amp;c., than in some dozen of the greatest thinkers of
+Europe.</p>
+
+<p><i>He:</i> Who is then in your opinion a great man?</p>
+
+<p><i>I:</i> Only a good man is a great man to me, who is conscious
+that he is a cell in the panhuman organism, or a brick in the
+building of human history. Such a man is more a man of
+truth and of the future than any conqueror, who thinks
+that a hundred millions of people and hundreds of years
+have waited just for him and his guidance, his work, or his
+wisdom.</p>
+
+<p>That is what I would say to a pupil of individualism in
+education. And at the end I would remind him of Christ
+and His call after the children, and of the new ideal of
+education, of panhumanism which stands over individualism,
+and of the collective work of people which stands over every
+individual work and merit.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='EDUCATION_AS_AN_INTERNATIONAL_AFFAIR'></a>EDUCATION AS AN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIR.</p>
+
+<p>It is quite surprising and humiliating that other things
+can be discussed and settled as international affairs, before<a name='Page_8'></a><a name='Page_8'></a>
+education. Yet you have hundreds of things regulated by
+international laws, and among these hundred things
+education is net yet reckoned. You have the International
+Institution of the Red Cross, international laws on trade,
+fishery, travel, copyright, political crimes, barbarities in
+war-time, &amp;c. But this war shows quite clearly that
+education&mdash;before anything else&mdash;should be a matter of
+international consideration and regulation. Behold, how
+illusory are all international restrictions when the education
+of a nation is quite excluded from any control! When the
+Nitzschean education of Germany teaches the German
+youth to despise all neighbours, all nations and races as
+inferior ones, how could you expect the Germans to respect
+the laws and regulations about Belgium, and submarines&mdash;and
+Zeppelin-warfare, and use of the dum-dum bullets
+and of poisonous gases ?</p>
+
+<p>If there is anything to be learned from this war it is
+doubtless this: The education of youth in all the countries of
+the world must become an international affair of the very
+first importance.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='THE_RUSSIAN_TSAR_MR_CARNEGIE_AND_NOBEL'></a>THE RUSSIAN TSAR, MR. CARNEGIE AND NOBEL.</p>
+
+<p>The Russian Tsar suggested the Peace Conference of The
+Hague. Mr. Carnegie built a wonderful Hall of Peace
+there, formed several commissions for the investigation of
+war cruelties during the Balkan Wars, and founded many
+public libraries for the instruction of the poor. The noble
+Nobel left his big fortune for the support of the best works
+of literature or science having as their aim the general good
+of mankind. If I were either the Russian Tsar or Mr.
+Carnegie or Professor Nobel I would do neither of the three
+mentioned things, but I would give suggestions and material
+support to an International Board of Education.</p>
+
+<p>That is the point to start with in the consolidation of the
+World. I am sorry to say that no one of these three great
+friends of mankind listens to the prophetic words of Christ:
+Let children come unto me! and that no one thought that<a name='Page_9'></a><a name='Page_9'></a>
+no great social reform and no real philanthropic foundation
+of mankind is possible to realise&mdash;yea, even to start&mdash;otherwise
+than through the children. The Peace Conference,
+being rather a law court than anything else, is
+beaten by the uncontrolled warlike education of the German
+nation. Carnegie's books have been read by grown-up
+people who had already got a direction in life, and Carnegie's
+Hall of Peace in The Hague is still an office without business.
+Nobel's prize was given also to some German professors
+who are responsible for the new pedagogy in Germany.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='MOTHERS_PATRIOTS_AND_PRIESTS'></a>MOTHERS, PATRIOTS, AND PRIESTS. </p>
+
+<p>These three can be the best possible supporters or the
+worst enemies of your educational scheme. Mothers by
+nature adore their children and excite their individualism.
+Patriots try to engage the whole heart and imagination of a
+child for its own country. Priests are asking the whole
+sympathy of a child for their creed and their church. To
+be individualistic, to be a patriot and a believer are the
+quite natural gifts of a healthy person. But maternal love
+exaggerates very often the individualism of a child and
+makes it egotistic and selfish; exclusively cultivated
+patriotism degenerates into chauvinism; and exclusive
+church education makes a bigot. These three kinds of
+people (alas! the majority), egotists, chauvinists and
+bigots, will be against an international scheme of education.
+But you must say to the sensible mothers: The international
+education of your child will not kill its individuality,
+but, on the contrary, will use it to the best advantage for
+mankind and for itself. You are an enemy of your son if
+you educate him to be an egotist and egoist. In egotism
+and egoism one has the worst company in this life, the company
+which leads to pessimism and disgust of life.</p>
+
+<p>You must say to the sensible patriots: International
+education approves of patriotic as of a natural inclination;
+only the new education intends to make a window in every
+fatherland so that the child may see its neighbours and
+stretch its hand to greet them.</p>
+<a name='Page_10'></a><a name='Page_10'></a>
+<p>And you must say to the sensible priests: The international
+board of education will let every child go to its own
+church and learn the catechism from its own parish priest;
+but it will be brought in touch with the children of different
+creeds, and it will pray with them upon the general ground of
+all the creeds.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='THE_INTERNATIONAL_BOARD_OF_EDUCATION'></a>THE INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION.</p>
+
+<p>1. It shall consist of the representatives of all the boards
+of education in the world.</p>
+
+<p>2. The members of the board shall officially represent
+their own country.</p>
+
+<p>3. The board will be supported materially by the respective
+Governments, and it will dispose of a great fortune
+from private legacies. For all the philanthropists and
+peacemakers and peace wishers will support such an institution
+rather than any other in the world.</p>
+
+<p>4. The authority of this board shall be equal to the
+authority of an international political congress.</p>
+
+<p>5. Its duty will be to control education all over the world,
+banishing or restricting individualism, egotism, chauvinism
+and bigotism, and promoting by all means panhumanism
+by developing the mind for collective work, mutual help,
+personal goodness and humbleness and social greatness.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='TO_BRING_CHILDREN_OF_THE_WORLD_CLOSER_TOGETHER'></a>TO BRING CHILDREN OF THE WORLD CLOSER TOGETHER.</p>
+
+<p>Let them meet as often as possible; I mean the children
+from England and the children from Serbia, the children
+from Russia and the children from France. So they will
+know about each other that they all are human beings, and
+that they all can smile in friendliness on each other. Let
+them travel to each other's country; I mean the children
+from Germany and the children from Italy, the children
+from Japan and those from Scandinavia. Let them see
+how every spot on earth is wonderful in its way, and how
+worthy of love, of patriotism. When will the railway companies
+and ship companies say: Let the children come to<a name='Page_11'></a><a name='Page_11'></a>
+us? When will they arrange the best trains, better than the
+royal trains, the most commodious and decorated with
+flowers and flags of different nations and with one special
+flag of the Children World Union? When the moment
+comes that the wonderful modern communication begins to
+help the children to meet each other and to pay visits to
+each other, at that moment the invention of steam and
+electricity will justify itself. In transferring the troops and
+facilitating crime it does net justify itself. Let the word
+communication be not only for the sake of crime and for
+the sake of bread; let it be for the sake of peace and of
+souls.</p>
+
+<p>Let them sing together, everyone in his own tongue; I
+mean the children from the East and West and North and
+South. You should have been the other day in the Mansion
+House when the English and Serbian boys met together,
+and have listened to the English singing the Serbian and the
+Serbian singing the English National Anthems, and you
+would have been fascinated by the sweet revelation of the
+future world.</p>
+
+<p>Let the children from the East and West and South and
+North, pray together. Why not? Bring them, thousands
+of them, to a mountain, upon which our ancestors prayed,
+and let them at sunset kneel down and sing some common
+prayer that they all know, or, if they have no such common
+prayer in their creeds, let them just kneel and silently pray!
+Such a silent prayer will do more good than any thousand
+years' old discussion about religion. It is very easy to
+convince all the children of the world, just because they are
+children, that they have one Father in Heaven, and that
+they shall send their prayers to Him. But even if they
+send their prayers in different directions, they will arrive at
+the same place. All prayers, whenever and wherever sent,
+go always the same way.</p>
+
+<p>Let the children from the northern ice and from the
+tropical heat carry on a correspondence. Millions of letters
+are written and sent every day, which mean nonsense and
+evil. The post communication will justify itself much more<a name='Page_12'></a><a name='Page_12'></a>
+by bearing the children's mail, with truth and love, than by
+bearing perfidious diplomatic notes or letters which mean
+nonsense and evil. One of the unforgettable events in
+Serbia during this war happened in 1914 on Christmas Day,
+when an American ship arrived and brought gifts and letters
+from the children of America to the children of Serbia.
+This wonderful mail produced the greatest imaginable
+excitement among the Serbian children. They were busy,
+very busy for some weeks, reading the friendly letters from
+so far, and answering them. I am sure they will forget
+many sad events of the war, but they never can forget this
+wonderful and surprising mail, which made for peace more
+than any of the costly commissions for the investigation
+of war cruelties, or any of Carnegie's empty, although
+wonderful, luxurious halls of peace.</p>
+
+<p>Let the children, the representatives of all the countries
+in the world, come to The Hague to hold the International
+Peace Congress. The programme of this Congress should
+be: Singing, playing, dancing, smiling and praying. They
+will meet as friends and speak every one in his native
+language, and they will understand each other very well as
+friends always understand each other. This Children's
+Hague Conference will promote the world peace more than
+The Hague Conference composed of enemies, mutually
+annoying themselves by obligatory politeness and bad
+French.</p>
+
+<p>But, you will ask, who is going to arrange and execute all
+this? The International Board of Education.</p>
+
+<p>But, you will say, it will be very expensive? Yes, but,
+supposing it will be as expensive as the war, for which of the
+two do you prefer to give money&mdash;for such a salvatory
+experiment or for the war? Yet, I am sure of one thing, it
+will cost less than a war.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='THE_INTERNATIONAL_CONTROL_OF_EDUCATION'></a>THE INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF EDUCATION.</p>
+
+<p>If you do not watch the education of a country all other
+international precautions for peace and mutual understanding
+will be wholly illusory.</p>
+<a name='Page_13'></a><a name='Page_13'></a>
+<p>An International Board of Education should control the
+programmes of education of all countries. It should watch
+that one principle prevails in every educational programme,
+i.e., the principle of Panhumanism. It should not interfere
+as to the form of education, no, far from that, but look to the
+unity of the principle of education upon the whole globe.
+It should carefully avoid all the watchwords which make for
+separations and wars, like &quot;Germany, Germany <i>over all!</i>&quot;
+The child must love its own country, but it must know also
+that its country is not the thing over all other things. It
+must be taught that God and mankind are something which
+stands above its country.</p>
+
+<p>It should control not only the governmental programmes
+of education, but it should also watch the mothers, patriots
+and priests. It should try to have these three world-powers
+not for the enemies but for the allies and missionaries
+of a higher, and a panhuman education.</p>
+<br />
+
+<p><a name='THE_THIRD_STAGE_OF_THE_EUROPEAN_EDUCATION'></a>THE THIRD STAGE OF THE EUROPEAN EDUCATION.</p>
+
+<p>There are three stages of the Christian European education:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>1. Compulsory obedience. This was in the Middle Ages
+when men were compelled to do the common work by the
+authority of the church and nobility.</p>
+
+<p>2. The experiment with Individualism. This has been
+since the Renaissance, especially since Rousseau&mdash;a personality
+put as the centre and aim of education, the abhorrence
+of every compulsion whatsoever.</p>
+
+<p>3. Voluntary Obedience. It is the education of tomorrow.
+It is a stage where all men will see their mission
+in their collective work, and therefore voluntarily enchain
+themselves into the panhuman organism, plunging their
+imaginative, pointlike personalities into a big and mystic
+personality of mankind.</p>
+
+<p>The Voluntary Obedience will mean a voluntary slavery.
+We are going to be slaves again, but not by royal or papal<a name='Page_14'></a><a name='Page_14'></a>
+compulsion, but by our good will; we are going to be slaves
+as the parts of a body are slaves and servants of each other,
+and as the bricks are slaves and servants of a great building.
+We are going to be &quot;prisoners of the Lord,&quot; as St. Paul
+says, instead of being as now the prisoners of our dreams,
+imaginations and ambitions.</p>
+
+<p>This war will close a period of a wrong education, and will
+open a period of a right one. It will open our eyes that
+we may see how we all are one, and how the greatest of us
+is nothing else than a bigger cell in the immense organism
+of history.</p>
+
+<p>There is no hope for the future in the politicians, or
+generals, now struggling. The only hope and guarantee
+lies in the children. A new education in <i>personal goodness</i>
+making for <i>social greatness</i> is the only salutary war. Therefore,
+let us look to the children!</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The New Ideal In Education, by Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION ***
+
+***** This file should be named 13301-h.htm or 13301-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/3/0/13301/
+
+Produced by Zoran Stefanovic, Frank van Drogen and Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe. This file was produced from images generously
+made available by Project Rastko.
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
+
diff --git a/old/13301.txt b/old/13301.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d55fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/13301.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,883 @@
+Project Gutenberg's The New Ideal In Education, by Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The New Ideal In Education
+
+Author: Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+Release Date: August 27, 2004 [EBook #13301]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Zoran Stefanovic, Frank van Drogen and Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe. This file was produced from images generously
+made available by Project Rastko.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE
+NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION
+
+
+AN ADDRESS GIVEN BEFORE
+THE LEAGUE OF THE EMPIRE
+
+On July 16th, 1916.
+
+BY
+FR. NICHOLAI VELIMIROVIC, PH.D.
+
+_Reprinted from the "FEDERAL MAGAZINE."_
+
+
+LONDON
+"THE ELECTRICIAN" PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO., LIMITED.
+SALISBURY COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C.
+
+
+
+
+THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION.
+
+By Father Nicholai Velimirovic, Ph.D.
+
+        "Nature _takes sufficient care
+        of our individualistic sense,
+        leaving to_ Education _the care
+        of our panhumanistic sense_."
+
+Ladies and Gentlemen,
+
+If we do not want war we must look to the children. There is the only
+hope and the only wise starting point. It is not without a deep
+prophetic significance that Christ asked children to come unto Him. In
+all the world-calamities, in all wars, strifes, religious inquisitions
+and persecutions, in all the hours of human misery and helplessness, He
+has been asking, through centuries, the children to come unto Him. I am
+sure, if anybody has ears for His voice to-day, amidst the thunderings
+of guns and passions and revenges, one would hear the same call: Let the
+children come unto Me!--Not kings and politicians, not journalists and
+generals, not the grown-up people, but children. And so to-day also,
+when we ask for a way out of the present world-misery, when we _in
+profundis_ of darkness to-day ask for light, and in sorrow for to-morrow
+ask for advice and comfort, we must look to the children and Christ.
+
+
+WHY NOT KINGS?
+
+Why does Christ not ask the kings to come to Him--the kings, and
+politicians, and journalists, and generals? Because they are too much
+engaged in a wrong state of things, and because they are greatly
+responsible themselves for such a wrong state of things, and because
+consequently it is difficult for them to change their ways, their hearts
+and their minds. It would be very hard for Napoleon and Pitt to kneel
+together down before Christ and to embrace each other. It would be
+almost impossible for Bismarck and Gambetta to walk together. Not less
+it would be impossible for the Pope and Monsieur Loisy or George Tyrrel
+to pray in the same bench. Every generation is laden with sins and
+prejudices. That is the reason why Christ goes only a little way with
+every generation, and then He becomes tired and asks for a new
+generation--He calls for children. Christ is always new and fresh as
+children are. Every generation is spoiled and corrupted by long living
+and struggling.
+
+But for a new generation the world is quite a new wonder. God is shown
+only to those for whom the world is a new thing, a wonder. No one, who
+does not admire this world as a wonder, can find God. For the old Haeckel
+no God exists, just because for him no wonder exists. He pretends to
+know everything. Christ means for him nothing and he means for Christ
+nothing. Every foolish child, believing in God and in this wonderful
+world, has more wisdom than the materialistic professor from Germany.
+Christ is getting tired of an old generation. Sadly He calls for a new
+one--for children. In our distress to-day, I think, we should multiply
+His voice, calling for Him, for a new generation and for a new
+education.
+
+
+
+THE EDUCATION WHICH MAKES FOR WAR.
+
+It is called by a very attractive name, the _individualistic_ education.
+The true name of it is selfishness, or egotism. No religion of Asia ever
+boasted of having been the birthplace of such an education. It is born
+in the heart of Europe, in Germany. It was brought up by Schopenhauer
+and Goethe. It was subsequently supported by the German biologists, by
+the musicians, sculptors, philosophers, poets, soldiers, socialists and
+priests, by the wisest and by the madmen beyond the Rhine. Unfortunately
+France, Russia and even Great Britain have not been quite exempt from
+this pernicious theory of individualistic education.
+
+The sophistic theories of Athens of old have been renewed in Central
+Europe--the individuum is the ultimate aim of education. A human
+individuum is of limitless worth, said the German interpreters of the
+New Testament. Materialistic science, contradicting itself, agreed on
+that point with modern theology. Art, in all its branches, presented
+itself as the sole expression of one individuum, i.e., of the artist.
+The modern socialism, contradicting its own name, supported
+individualism very strongly in every department of human activity.
+Consequently modern Pedagogy, based upon the general tendencies, put up
+the same individualistic ideal as the aim to be achieved by the schools,
+church, state, and by many other social institutions.
+
+
+THE RESULTS OF THE OLD IDEAL.
+
+War is the result of the old ideal of education. I call it old because
+it is over for ever, I hope, with this war. The old European ideal of
+education was so called individualistic. This ideal was supported
+equally by the churches and by science and art. Extreme individualism,
+developed in Germany more than in any other country, resulted in pride,
+pride resulted in materialism, materialism in pessimism. Put upon a
+dangerous and false base every evil result followed quite naturally. If
+my poor personality is of limitless value, without any effort and merit
+of my own, why should not I be proud? If the aim of the world's history
+is to produce some few genial personalities, as Carlyle taught, why
+should not I think that I am such a personality for my own generation,
+and why should I not be proud of that? Once filled with pride I will
+soon be filled also with contempt for other men. Selfishness and denial
+of God will follow my pride; this is called by a scientific word
+materialism. Being a materialist, as long as I possess a certain amount
+of intellectual and physical strength, I will be proud of myself. But as
+soon as my body or spirit are affected by any illness (it may be only a
+headache or toothache), I will plunge into a dark pessimism, always the
+shadow and the end of materialism. Modern Germany was, as you know, the
+hearth of individualism, and consequently also of pride, materialism,
+atheism and pessimism. The worship of strong personalities (to-day:
+Kaiser William and Hindenburg) holds the whole of Germany in unity
+during this war, which is not the case either in France or in Great
+Britain or Russia, where the common cause inspires the unity.
+
+
+THE EDUCATION WHICH MAKES FOR PEACE.
+
+When will wars really stop in the world's history? As soon as a new
+ideal of education is realised. What is this new ideal of education
+which makes for peace? I will give it in one word: _Panhumanism_. This
+word includes all I wish to say.
+
+Individualism means a brick, Panhumanism means a building. Even the
+greatest individuality (may it be Caesar, or Raphael, or Luther) is no
+more than a brick in the panhuman building of history. The lives of
+individuals are only the points, whereas the life of mankind is a form,
+a deep, high and large form.
+
+If a great and original individuality were the aim of history, I think
+history should stop with the first man upon earth, for our first
+ancestor must have been the most striking individual who ever existed.
+Men coming after Adam have been like their parents and each other.
+Kaiser William is not such an interesting and striking a creature by far
+as the first man was. When Kaiser William opens his mouth to speak, he
+speaks words that are known. When he moves or sits, when he eats or
+prays--all that is a _nuance_ only of what other people do, all is
+either from heritage or imitation, and quite an insignificant amount is
+individual. Whereas every sound that the first man uttered was quite new
+for the Universe; every movement striking and dramatic; every look of
+his eyes was discovering new worlds; every joy or sorrow violently felt;
+every struggle a great accumulation of experiences. And so forth. Well,
+if one striking individuum is the aim of history, history should close
+with the death of Adam. But history still continues. Why? Just because
+not Adam was its aim, but mankind; not one, or two, or ten heroes, but
+millions of human creatures; not some few great men, but all men, all
+together, all without exception.
+
+From this point of view we get the true ideal of education. The purpose
+of education is not to make grand personalities, but to make bricks for
+the building, i.e., to make suitable members of a collective body and
+suitable workers of a collective work.
+
+
+COLLECTIVE WORKS
+
+Are greater than personal works. A pupil from the old, individualistic
+school would object:
+
+--And what do you think of the work of Ibsen?
+
+_I:_ I think it is incomparably smaller than the ancient Scandinavian
+legends.
+
+_He:_ Do you not grant that Alfred the Great was the real creator of the
+English Kingdom?
+
+_I:_ Never. Millions and millions of human creatures are built into this
+building that we call England, or English history, or English
+civilisation.
+
+_He:_ And what about the man who built St. Paul's Cathedral?
+
+_I:_ It is a collective work, as are all the great works that have been
+done. The architecture of St. Paul's is one of the ancient styles, and
+no style in architecture was ever invented or created by one person, but
+by generations and generations.
+
+_He:_ And what about Victor Hugo and Milton? Are they not great poets?
+
+_I:_ Yes, they are if compared with certain minor poets, but they are
+not great if compared with the popular poetry of India or Greece.
+Mahabarata, the Koran, and Zend-Avesta, and the Bible, are products of
+collective efforts--therefore they are superior to every personal
+effort.
+
+_He:_ Do you not appreciate the great economists and what they did for
+the household, and common-wealth in general?
+
+_I:_ Certainly I do; but their work is too much overestimated. Not a
+handful of economic writers, like Adam Smith and Marx, but the common
+genius of generations and generations arranged the house, set the
+furniture, created the cooking, constructed towns, invented plays and
+enjoyments, customs, language, and so forth.
+
+_He:_ You agree, I think, that Shaljapin and Caruso have wonderful
+voices, don't you?
+
+_I:_ Yes, I agree. But don't you agree that a choir of millions of human
+voices would be something much more striking and wonderful than any solo
+singer since the beginning of time?
+
+_He:_ Don't you believe in the wisdom of wise men like Kant and Spencer?
+
+_I:_ No, I don't. I think there is incomparably more healthy and more
+applicable wisdom in the popular sayings, proverbs, parables, and tales
+of the nations, cultivated and uncultivated, in Macedonia, Armenia,
+Ceylon, New Zealand, Japan, &c., than in some dozen of the greatest
+thinkers of Europe.
+
+_He:_ Who is then in your opinion a great man?
+
+_I:_ Only a good man is a great man to me, who is conscious that he is a
+cell in the panhuman organism, or a brick in the building of human
+history. Such a man is more a man of truth and of the future than any
+conqueror, who thinks that a hundred millions of people and hundreds of
+years have waited just for him and his guidance, his work, or his
+wisdom.
+
+That is what I would say to a pupil of individualism in education. And
+at the end I would remind him of Christ and His call after the children,
+and of the new ideal of education, of panhumanism which stands over
+individualism, and of the collective work of people which stands over
+every individual work and merit.
+
+
+EDUCATION AS AN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIR.
+
+It is quite surprising and humiliating that other things can be
+discussed and settled as international affairs, before education. Yet
+you have hundreds of things regulated by international laws, and among
+these hundred things education is net yet reckoned. You have the
+International Institution of the Red Cross, international laws on trade,
+fishery, travel, copyright, political crimes, barbarities in war-time,
+&c. But this war shows quite clearly that education--before anything
+else--should be a matter of international consideration and regulation.
+Behold, how illusory are all international restrictions when the
+education of a nation is quite excluded from any control! When the
+Nitzschean education of Germany teaches the German youth to despise all
+neighbours, all nations and races as inferior ones, how could you expect
+the Germans to respect the laws and regulations about Belgium, and
+submarines--and Zeppelin-warfare, and use of the dum-dum bullets and of
+poisonous gases?
+
+If there is anything to be learned from this war it is doubtless this:
+The education of youth in all the countries of the world must become an
+international affair of the very first importance.
+
+THE RUSSIAN TSAR, MR. CARNEGIE AND NOBEL.
+
+The Russian Tsar suggested the Peace Conference of The Hague. Mr.
+Carnegie built a wonderful Hall of Peace there, formed several
+commissions for the investigation of war cruelties during the Balkan
+Wars, and founded many public libraries for the instruction of the poor.
+The noble Nobel left his big fortune for the support of the best works
+of literature or science having as their aim the general good of
+mankind. If I were either the Russian Tsar or Mr. Carnegie or Professor
+Nobel I would do neither of the three mentioned things, but I would give
+suggestions and material support to an International Board of Education.
+
+That is the point to start with in the consolidation of the World. I am
+sorry to say that no one of these three great friends of mankind listens
+to the prophetic words of Christ: Let children come unto me! and that no
+one thought that no great social reform and no real philanthropic
+foundation of mankind is possible to realise--yea, even to
+start--otherwise than through the children. The Peace Conference, being
+rather a law court than anything else, is beaten by the uncontrolled
+warlike education of the German nation. Carnegie's books have been read
+by grown-up people who had already got a direction in life, and
+Carnegie's Hall of Peace in The Hague is still an office without
+business. Nobel's prize was given also to some German professors who are
+responsible for the new pedagogy in Germany.
+
+
+MOTHERS, PATRIOTS, AND PRIESTS.
+
+These three can be the best possible supporters or the worst enemies of
+your educational scheme. Mothers by nature adore their children and
+excite their individualism. Patriots try to engage the whole heart and
+imagination of a child for its own country. Priests are asking the whole
+sympathy of a child for their creed and their church. To be
+individualistic, to be a patriot and a believer are the quite natural
+gifts of a healthy person. But maternal love exaggerates very often the
+individualism of a child and makes it egotistic and selfish; exclusively
+cultivated patriotism degenerates into chauvinism; and exclusive church
+education makes a bigot. These three kinds of people (alas! the
+majority), egotists, chauvinists and bigots, will be against an
+international scheme of education. But you must say to the sensible
+mothers: The international education of your child will not kill its
+individuality, but, on the contrary, will use it to the best advantage
+for mankind and for itself. You are an enemy of your son if you educate
+him to be an egotist and egoist. In egotism and egoism one has the worst
+company in this life, the company which leads to pessimism and disgust
+of life.
+
+You must say to the sensible patriots: International education approves
+of patriotic as of a natural inclination; only the new education intends
+to make a window in every fatherland so that the child may see its
+neighbours and stretch its hand to greet them.
+
+And you must say to the sensible priests: The international board of
+education will let every child go to its own church and learn the
+catechism from its own parish priest; but it will be brought in touch
+with the children of different creeds, and it will pray with them upon
+the general ground of all the creeds.
+
+
+THE INTERNATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION.
+
+1. It shall consist of the representatives of all the boards of
+education in the world.
+
+2. The members of the board shall officially represent their own
+country.
+
+3. The board will be supported materially by the respective Governments,
+and it will dispose of a great fortune from private legacies. For all
+the philanthropists and peacemakers and peace wishers will support such
+an institution rather than any other in the world.
+
+4. The authority of this board shall be equal to the authority of an
+international political congress.
+
+5. Its duty will be to control education all over the world, banishing
+or restricting individualism, egotism, chauvinism and bigotism, and
+promoting by all means panhumanism by developing the mind for collective
+work, mutual help, personal goodness and humbleness and social
+greatness.
+
+
+TO BRING CHILDREN OF THE WORLD CLOSER TOGETHER.
+
+Let them meet as often as possible; I mean the children from England and
+the children from Serbia, the children from Russia and the children from
+France. So they will know about each other that they all are human
+beings, and that they all can smile in friendliness on each other. Let
+them travel to each other's country; I mean the children from Germany
+and the children from Italy, the children from Japan and those from
+Scandinavia. Let them see how every spot on earth is wonderful in its
+way, and how worthy of love, of patriotism. When will the railway
+companies and ship companies say: Let the children come to us? When
+will they arrange the best trains, better than the royal trains, the
+most commodious and decorated with flowers and flags of different
+nations and with one special flag of the Children World Union? When the
+moment comes that the wonderful modern communication begins to help the
+children to meet each other and to pay visits to each other, at that
+moment the invention of steam and electricity will justify itself. In
+transferring the troops and facilitating crime it does net justify
+itself. Let the word communication be not only for the sake of crime and
+for the sake of bread; let it be for the sake of peace and of souls.
+
+Let them sing together, everyone in his own tongue; I mean the children
+from the East and West and North and South. You should have been the
+other day in the Mansion House when the English and Serbian boys met
+together, and have listened to the English singing the Serbian and the
+Serbian singing the English National Anthems, and you would have been
+fascinated by the sweet revelation of the future world.
+
+Let the children from the East and West and South and North, pray
+together. Why not? Bring them, thousands of them, to a mountain, upon
+which our ancestors prayed, and let them at sunset kneel down and sing
+some common prayer that they all know, or, if they have no such common
+prayer in their creeds, let them just kneel and silently pray! Such a
+silent prayer will do more good than any thousand years' old discussion
+about religion. It is very easy to convince all the children of the
+world, just because they are children, that they have one Father in
+Heaven, and that they shall send their prayers to Him. But even if they
+send their prayers in different directions, they will arrive at the same
+place. All prayers, whenever and wherever sent, go always the same way.
+
+Let the children from the northern ice and from the tropical heat carry
+on a correspondence. Millions of letters are written and sent every day,
+which mean nonsense and evil. The post communication will justify itself
+much more by bearing the children's mail, with truth and love, than by
+bearing perfidious diplomatic notes or letters which mean nonsense and
+evil. One of the unforgettable events in Serbia during this war happened
+in 1914 on Christmas Day, when an American ship arrived and brought
+gifts and letters from the children of America to the children of
+Serbia. This wonderful mail produced the greatest imaginable excitement
+among the Serbian children. They were busy, very busy for some weeks,
+reading the friendly letters from so far, and answering them. I am sure
+they will forget many sad events of the war, but they never can forget
+this wonderful and surprising mail, which made for peace more than any
+of the costly commissions for the investigation of war cruelties, or any
+of Carnegie's empty, although wonderful, luxurious halls of peace.
+
+Let the children, the representatives of all the countries in the world,
+come to The Hague to hold the International Peace Congress. The
+programme of this Congress should be: Singing, playing, dancing, smiling
+and praying. They will meet as friends and speak every one in his native
+language, and they will understand each other very well as friends
+always understand each other. This Children's Hague Conference will
+promote the world peace more than The Hague Conference composed of
+enemies, mutually annoying themselves by obligatory politeness and bad
+French.
+
+But, you will ask, who is going to arrange and execute all this? The
+International Board of Education.
+
+But, you will say, it will be very expensive? Yes, but, supposing it
+will be as expensive as the war, for which of the two do you prefer to
+give money--for such a salvatory experiment or for the war? Yet, I am
+sure of one thing, it will cost less than a war.
+
+
+THE INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF EDUCATION.
+
+If you do not watch the education of a country all other international
+precautions for peace and mutual understanding will be wholly illusory.
+
+
+An International Board of Education should control the programmes of
+education of all countries. It should watch that one principle prevails
+in every educational programme, i.e., the principle of Panhumanism. It
+should not interfere as to the form of education, no, far from that, but
+look to the unity of the principle of education upon the whole globe. It
+should carefully avoid all the watchwords which make for separations and
+wars, like "Germany, Germany _over all!_" The child must love its own
+country, but it must know also that its country is not the thing over
+all other things. It must be taught that God and mankind are something
+which stands above its country.
+
+It should control not only the governmental programmes of education, but
+it should also watch the mothers, patriots and priests. It should try to
+have these three world-powers not for the enemies but for the allies and
+missionaries of a higher, and a panhuman education.
+
+
+THE THIRD STAGE OF THE EUROPEAN EDUCATION.
+
+There are three stages of the Christian European education:--
+
+1. Compulsory obedience. This was in the Middle Ages when men were
+compelled to do the common work by the authority of the church and
+nobility.
+
+2. The experiment with Individualism. This has been since the
+Renaissance, especially since Rousseau--a personality put as the centre
+and aim of education, the abhorrence of every compulsion whatsoever.
+
+3. Voluntary Obedience. It is the education of tomorrow. It is a stage
+where all men will see their mission in their collective work, and
+therefore voluntarily enchain themselves into the panhuman organism,
+plunging their imaginative, pointlike personalities into a big and
+mystic personality of mankind.
+
+The Voluntary Obedience will mean a voluntary slavery. We are going to
+be slaves again, but not by royal or papal compulsion, but by our good
+will; we are going to be slaves as the parts of a body are slaves and
+servants of each other, and as the bricks are slaves and servants of a
+great building. We are going to be "prisoners of the Lord," as St. Paul
+says, instead of being as now the prisoners of our dreams, imaginations
+and ambitions.
+
+This war will close a period of a wrong education, and will open a
+period of a right one. It will open our eyes that we may see how we all
+are one, and how the greatest of us is nothing else than a bigger cell
+in the immense organism of history.
+
+There is no hope for the future in the politicians, or generals, now
+struggling. The only hope and guarantee lies in the children. A new
+education in _personal goodness_ making for _social greatness_ is the
+only salutary war. Therefore, let us look to the children!
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The New Ideal In Education, by Nicholai Velimirovic
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEW IDEAL IN EDUCATION ***
+
+***** This file should be named 13301.txt or 13301.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/3/0/13301/
+
+Produced by Zoran Stefanovic, Frank van Drogen and Distributed
+Proofreaders Europe. This file was produced from images generously
+made available by Project Rastko.
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/old/13301.zip b/old/13301.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f3bb25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/13301.zip