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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:42:35 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:42:35 -0700 |
| commit | 44616b11b79a47738b80e7fef18889e51ea84ce4 (patch) | |
| tree | b1d814320723be307527fd49ee266da4a48f4b8e /13604-h | |
Diffstat (limited to '13604-h')
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diff --git a/13604-h/13604-h.htm b/13604-h/13604-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d76fb1a --- /dev/null +++ b/13604-h/13604-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3998 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + <title>Thrilling Stories of the Ocean</title> + <style title="Standard Format" type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + p.TOC {text-align: left;} + html>body p.TOC {margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 1.0em;} + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.thoughtbreak {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.thoughtbreak {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + .footnote {font-size: 0.9em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .newpage { display: none; } + + .poem { + margin: 0em 10% 0em 10%; + text-align: left; + } + .poem .stanza { + margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; + } + .poem .author { + text-align: right; + } + .poem .line:after { + display: block; + content: attr(title); + text-align: right; + } + + .poem .line { + height: auto; + margin-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; + } +span.rightnote { +position: absolute; +left: 88%; +right: 1%; +font-size: 0.7em; +border-bottom: solid 1px; +text-align: left; +} + .figure, .figcenter, .figright, .figleft + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em;} + .figure img, .figcenter img, .figright img, .figleft img + {border: none;} + .figure p, .figcenter p, .figright p, .figleft p + {margin: 0; text-align: center;} + .figcenter {margin: auto;} + .figright {float: right;} + .figleft {float: left;} + --> + + /*]]>*/ + </style> + <style title="Original Page Numbers" type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + p.TOC {text-align: left;} + html>body p.TOC {margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 1.0em;} + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.thoughtbreak {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.thoughtbreak {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + .footnote {font-size: 0.9em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .newpage {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem { + margin: 0em 10% 0em 10%; + text-align: left; + } + .poem .stanza { + margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; + } + .poem .author { + text-align: right; + } + .poem .line:after { + display: block; + content: attr(title); + text-align: right; + } + + .poem .line { + height: auto; + margin-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; + } +span.rightnote { +position: absolute; +left: 88%; +right: 1%; +font-size: 0.7em; +border-bottom: solid 1px; +text-align: left; +} + .figure, .figcenter, .figright, .figleft + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em;} + .figure img, .figcenter img, .figright img, .figleft img + {border: none;} + .figure p, .figcenter p, .figright p, .figleft p + {margin: 0; text-align: center;} + .figcenter {margin: auto;} + .figright {float: right;} + .figleft {float: left;} + --> + + /*]]>*/ + </style> + </head> + <body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13604 ***</div> + + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image1_full.png"><img src="images/image1_thumbnail.png" + alt="Frontpiece" /></a> + </div> + <hr /> + <h1>Thrilling Stories Of The Ocean</h1> + <p>From authentic accounts of modern voyagers and travellers; designed for the + entertainment and instruction of young people.</p> + <center> + By Marmaduke Park. + </center> + <center> + With Numerous Illustrations. + </center> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image2_full.png"><img src="images/image2_thumbnail.png" + alt="The White Shark." /></a> + <p>The White Shark.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <center> + PHILADELPHIA:<br /> + C.G. HENDERSON & CO.,<br /> + NO. 164 CHESTNUT STREET.<br /> + 1852. + </center> + <hr /> + <a name="page5" id="page5"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 5]</span> <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image3_full.png"><img src="images/image3_thumbnail.png" + alt="The White Shark." /></a> + <p>The White Shark.</p> + </div> + <h2>STORIES OF THE OCEAN.</h2> + <center> + VOLNEY BECKNER. + </center> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image4_full.png"><img src="images/image4_thumbnail.png" + alt="Ship Cannon." /></a> + </div> + <p>The white sharks are the dread of sailors in all hot climates, for they constantly + attend vessels in expectation of anything which may be thrown overboard. A shark will + thus sometimes traverse the ocean in company with a ship for several hundred leagues. + Woe to the poor mariner who may chance to fall overboard while this sea-monster is + present.</p> + <a name="page6" id="page6"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 6]</span> + <p>Some species of sharks grow to an enormous size, often weighing from one to four + thousand pounds each. The skin of the shark is rough, and is used for polishing wood, + ivory, &c.; that of one species is manufactured into an article called + <i>shagreen</i>: spectacle-cases are made of it. The white shark is the sailor's + worst enemy: he has five rows of wedge-shaped teeth, which are notched like a saw: + when the animal is at rest they are flat in his mouth, but when about to seize his + prey they are erected by a set of muscles which join them to the jaw. His mouth is so + situated under the head that he is obliged to turn himself on one side before he can + grasp any thing with those enormous jaws.</p> + <p>I will now give you an account of the death of a very brave little boy, who was + killed by a shark. He was an Irish boy; his name was Volney Beckner, the son of a + poor fisherman. His father, having always intended Volney for a seafaring life, took + great pains to teach him such things as it is useful for a sailor to know, and tried + to make him brave and hardy; he taught him to swim when a mere baby.</p> + <a name="page7" id="page7"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 7]</span> <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image5_full.png"><img src="images/image5_thumbnail.png" + alt="Volney Beckner's first voyage." /></a> + <p>Volney Beckner's first voyage.</p> + </div> + <p>Volney was only nine years old when he first went to sea in a merchant ship; the + same vessel in which his father sometimes sailed. Here he worked hard and fared hard, + but this gave him no uneasiness; his frame was robust, he never took cold, he knew + not what fear was.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image6_full.png"><img src="images/image6_thumbnail.png" + alt="Volney Beckner at sea." /></a> + <p>Volney Beckner at sea.</p> + </div> + <a name="page8" id="page8"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 8]</span> + <p>In the most boisterous weather, when the rain fell in torrents, and the wind + howled around the ship, the little Irish boy would fearlessly and cheerfully climb + the stays and sailyards, mount the topmast, or perform any other duty required of + him. At twelve years old the captain promoted the clever, good tempered, and + trustworthy boy; spoke well of him before the whole crew, and doubled his pay.</p> + <a name="page9" id="page9"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 9]</span> + <p>Volney was very sensible to his praises. His messmates loved him for his generous + nature, and because he had often shown himself ready to brave danger in order to + assist them; but an occasion soon arrived in which he had an opportunity of + performing one of the most truly heroic deeds on record.</p> + <p>The vessel in which Volney and his father sailed was bound to Port au Prince, in + St. Domingo. A little girl, the daughter of one of the passengers, having slipped + away from her nurse, ran on deck to amuse herself. While gazing on the expanse of + water, the heaving of the vessel made her dizzy, and she fell overboard.</p> + <p>Volney's father saw the accident, darted after her, and quickly caught her by the + dress; but while with one hand he swam to reach the ship, and with the other held the + child, he saw a shark advancing towards them. He called aloud for help; there was no + time to lose, yet none dared to afford him any. No one, did I say? Yes, little + Volney, prompted by filial love, ventured on a deed which strong men dared not + attempt.</p> + <a name="page10" id="page10"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 10]</span> + <p>Armed with a broad, sharp sabre, he threw himself into the sea, then diving like a + fish under the shark, he stabbed the weapon into his body up to the hilt. Thus + wounded the shark quitted his prey, and turned on the boy, who again and again + attacked him with the sabre, but the struggle was too unequal; ropes were quickly + thrown from the deck to the father and son; each succeeded in grasping one, and loud + rose the cry of joy, "They are saved!" Not so! The shark, enraged at seeing that he + was about to be altogether disappointed of his prey, made one desperate spring, and + tore asunder the body of the noble-hearted little boy, while his father and the + fainting child in his arms were saved.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image7_full.png"><img src="images/image7_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page12" id="page12"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 12]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image8_full.png"><img src="images/image8_thumbnail.png" + alt="The Poultry Basket—A Life-Preserver." /></a> + <p>The Poultry Basket—A Life-Preserver.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page13" id="page13"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 13]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image9_full.png"><img src="images/image9_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>THE POULTRY BASKET—A LIFE-PRESERVER.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image10_full.png"><img src="images/image10_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>I will tell you an old story of an incident which occurred many years ago, but + perhaps it may be new to you, and please you as much as it did me when I was a little + girl, and used to sit on my grandpapa's knee, and listen to this tale among many + others.</p> + <a name="page14" id="page14"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 14]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image11_full.png"><img src="images/image11_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>The hero of my story was a countryman; you may, if you please, fancy his neat + white cottage on the hill-side, with its rustic porch, all overgrown with jasmine, + roses, and clematis; the pretty garden and orchard belonging to it, with the snug + poultry yard, the shed for the cow, and the stack of food for winter's use on one + side.</p> + <a name="page15" id="page15"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 15]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image12_full.png"><img src="images/image12_thumbnail.png" + alt="The poultry yard." /></a> + <p>The poultry yard.</p> + </div> + <p>You may fancy the pleasure of the little children who lived at this cottage in + going with their mother morning and evening to feed the poultry; the noise and bustle + among the feathered tribe at this time; how some rudely push before and peck the + others in their anxiety to obtain the first grains that fall from the basket, and how + the little children take care that the most greedy shall not get it all; their joy at + seeing the young broods of tiny chicks covered with downy feathers, and the anxiety + of the hens each to protect her own from danger, and teach them to scratch and pick + up food for themselves; while they never forget to admire and praise the beauty of + the fine old cock, as he struts about with an air of magnificence, like the very king + of the guard.</p> + <a name="page16" id="page16"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 16]</span> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="line"> + "High was his comb, and coral red withal, + </div> + <div class="line"> + In dents embattled like a castle wall; + </div> + <div class="line"> + His bill was raven-black and shone like jet, + </div> + <div class="line"> + Blue were his legs, and orient were his feet; + </div> + <div class="line"> + White were his nails, like silver to behold! + </div> + <div class="line"> + His body glittering like burnished gold." + </div> + </div> + <p>If you had been there, you would have wished to visit the little orchard; to see + the gentle cow, and the geese feeding on the common beyond; to watch the young + ducklings, dipping and ducking and enjoying their watering sport in the pond.</p> + <p>If it be spring, the children would delight in gathering the sweet-scented meadow + flowers—the water ranunculus, with its golden cups, the modest daisy, the pink + cuckoo-flower, and the yellow cowslips; while overhead the bees kept up a constant + humming; they have found their way from the straw hives in the garden and are diving + into the delicious blossoms of the apple and cherry trees, robbing many a one of its + sweets.</p> + <a name="page17" id="page17"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 17]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image13_full.png"><img src="images/image13_thumbnail.png" + alt="The bee hive." /></a> + <p>The bee hive.</p> + </div> + <p>But now to my history of what did really happen to a countryman, who very likely + lived in such a pretty cottage as I have described.</p> + <p>He had more poultry in his yard than he needed for his own use; some of them had + been fatted for sale; and wishing to turn them into money, he left his home, which + was near Bristol, with a basket full of them on his arm. Having reached the river, he + went on board the ferry boat, intending to go across to a place called Bristol + Hot-Wells. Many gentle folks visit this spot for the sake of drinking the waters of + the wells, which are thought to be very beneficial in some complaints; and no doubt + our countryman hoped that among them his poultry would fetch a good price.</p> + <a name="page18" id="page18"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 18]</span> + <p>The ferry boat was nearly half way over the river, when, by some accident, the + poor man lost his footing and fell into the stream; he could not swim, and the + current carried him more than a hundred yards from the boat; but he kept fast hold of + his poultry basket, which being buoyant, supported him until he was perceived, and + rescued by some men in a fishing-smack.</p> + <p>I hope he reached the Hot-Wells in safety after all, and sold his poultry for as + much as he expected; and, what is still better, that his heart was filled with + gratitude to God for his preservation from danger so imminent.</p> + <a name="page20" id="page20"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 20]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image14_full.png"><img src="images/image14_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image15_full.png"><img src="images/image15_thumbnail.png" + alt="The Life Boat." /></a> + <p>The Life Boat.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page21" id="page21"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 21]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image16_full.png"><img src="images/image16_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>THE LIFE BOAT.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image17_full.png"><img src="images/image17_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>Oh what a stirring scene is this! see how the brave fellows are pulling with their + oars, and endeavoring with all their might to reach the ship in distress before it is + too late! Well, I suppose you are curious to know how an open boat like this can + float in such an angry, boiling sea. I will tell you how it is accomplished; the + sides of the boat are lined with hollow boxes of copper, which being perfectly + air-tight, render her buoyant, even when full of water, or loaded to the very water's + edge.</p> + <a name="page22" id="page22"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 22]</span> + <p>The originator of this simple and beautiful contrivance was a London coach maker, + named Lionel Lukin, a man whose benevolent feelings flowed towards all his fellow + men, but more especially towards that portion of them who brave the dangers of the + sea. After devoting sixty years of his life to the pursuits of his business, he + retired to Hythe in Kent, where he finished a well-spent life in peace and + tranquility, dying in February, 1834. His body was interred in the churchyard of + Hythe, which is situated on rising ground, commanding a fine view of the ocean; a fit + resting place for the remains of one whose talents had been successfully directed to + the means of rescuing from shipwreck and a watery grave many hundreds, or perhaps we + may say many thousands, of poor seamen. He obtained a patent for his first boat in + 1785.</p> + <a name="page23" id="page23"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 23]</span> + <p>The two sailors in the picture below are Greenwich pensioners, supported, you + know, at Greenwich Hospital, which was founded by Charles II. for superannuated or + wounded sailors. They are smoking their pipes, and discussing the merits of the Life + Boat.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image18_full.png"><img src="images/image18_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page24" id="page24"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 24]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image19_full.png"><img src="images/image19_thumbnail.png" + alt="The Whale." /></a> + <p>The Whale.</p> + </div> + <h2>WHALE FISHING.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image20_full.png"><img src="images/image20_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>The whale is the largest of all known animals. There are three kinds of whale; the + Greenland, called by the sailors the right whale, as being most highly prized by + them; the great northern rorqual, called by fishers the razor-back or finner, and the + cachalot or spermaciti whale. The common whale measures from sixty to seventy feet in + length: the mouth, when open, is large enough to admit a ship's jolly boat, with all + her men in it. It contains no teeth; and enormous as the creature is, the opening to + the throat is very narrow, not more than an inch and a half across in the largest + whale.</p> + <a name="page25" id="page25"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 25]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image21_full.png"><img src="images/image21_thumbnail.png" + alt="Whale Fishing." /></a> + <p>Whale Fishing.</p> + </div> + <a name="page27" id="page27"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 27]</span> + <p>Instead of teeth the mouth of the whale is furnished with a curious framework of a + substance called <i>baleen</i>; you will know it by the name of whalebone; it is + arranged in rows, and projects beyond the lips in a hanging fringe; the food of the + whale consists of shrimps, small fishes, sea-snails, and innumerable minute + creatures, called medusae, which are found in those seas where the whales feed in + such vast quantities that they make the water of a deep green or olive color.</p> + <p>When feeding the whale swims with open mouth under the water, and all the objects + which lie in the way of that great moving cavern are caught by the baleen, and never + seen again. Along with their food they swallow a vast quantity of water, which passes + back again through the nostrils, and is collected into a bag placed at the external + orifice of the cavity of the nose, whence it is expelled by the pressure of powerful + muscles through a very narrow opening pierced in the top of the head.</p> + <a name="page28" id="page28"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 28]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image22_full.png"><img src="images/image22_thumbnail.png" + alt="The Cachalot." /></a> + <p>The Cachalot.</p> + </div> + <p>In this way it spouts the water in beautiful jets from twenty to thirty feet in + height. The voice of the whale is like a low murmuring: it has a smooth skin all over + its body, under which lies that thick lard which yields the oil for which they are so + much sought. The Greenland whale has but two side-fins; its tail is in the shape of a + crescent; it is an instrument of immense power; it has been sometimes known with one + stroke to hurl large boats high into the air, breaking them into a thousand + fragments. The whale shows great affection for her young, which is called the calf; + the fishermen well know this, and turn it to their own account; they try to strike + the young with the harpoon, which is a strong, barbed instrument, and if they do this + they are almost sure of securing the mother also, as nothing will induce her to leave + it.</p> + <a name="page29" id="page29"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 29]</span> + <p>Mr. Scorseby, who was for a long time engaged in the whale fishery, has written a + book containing a very interesting account of them. He mentions a case in which a + young whale was struck beside its dam. She instantly seized and darted off with it, + but not until the line had been fixed to its body. In spite of all that could be done + to her, she remained near her dying little one, till she was struck again and again, + and thus both perished. Sometimes, however, on an occasion like this, the old whale + becomes furious, and then the danger to the men is very great, as they attack the + whale in boats, several of which belong to each ship.</p> + <p>A number of these boats once made towards a whale, which, with her calf was + playing round a group of rocks. The old whale perceiving the approaching danger, did + all she could to warn her little one of it, till the sight became quite affecting. + She led it away from the boats, swam round it, embraced it with her fins, and + sometimes rolled over with it in the waves.</p> + <a name="page30" id="page30"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 30]</span> + <p>The men in the boats now rowed a-head of the whales, and drove them back among the + rocks, at which the mother evinced great uneasiness and anxiety; she swam round and + round the young one in lessening circles; but all her care was unheeded, and the + inexperienced calf soon met its fate. It was struck and killed, and a harpoon fixed + in the mother, when, roused to reckless fury, she flew on one of the boats, and made + her tail descend with such tremendous force on the very centre of it, as to cut it in + two, and kill two of the men, the rest swimming in all directions for their + lives.</p> + <a name="page32" id="page32"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 32]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image23_full.png"><img src="images/image23_thumbnail.png" + alt="A Ship Towed To Land By Bullocks." /></a> + <p>A Ship Towed To Land By Bullocks.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page33" id="page33"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 33]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image24_full.png"><img src="images/image24_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>SHIP TOWED TO LAND BY BULLOCKS</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image25_full.png"><img src="images/image25_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>Swimming is a manly exercise, and one in which, under proper care, every little + boy ought to be instructed. In the first place it is a very healthy and invigorating + practice frequently to immerse the body in water: and when we recollect how often the + knowledge of this art has been blessed by the Supreme Disposer of events as a means + of saving his rational creatures from sudden death, it seems that to neglect this + object is almost to refuse to avail ourselves of one of the means of safety, which a + kind Providence has placed within our reach.</p> + <a name="page34" id="page34"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 34]</span> + <p>Only imagine yourself to be, as many before you have been, in a situation of + pressing danger on the sea, and yet at no great distance from the land, so that you + might hope to reach it by swimming, but to remain on board the vessel appeared + certain death, how thankful you would then feel to your friends if they had put this + means of escape into your power! Or if you were to see some unfortunate + fellow-creature struggling in the water, and about to disappear from your sight, how + willingly, if conscious of your own power to support yourself, would you plunge into + the water to his rescue! and how would your heart glow with delight if your efforts + to save him should prove successful!</p> + <a name="page35" id="page35"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 35]</span> + <p>Here is a picture representing the very remarkable preservation of the crew of a + vessel on the coast of Newfoundland. In this instance man availed himself of the + instinct which ever prompts the brute creation to self-preservation. The ship was + freighted with live cattle; in a dreadful storm she was dismasted, and became a mere + wreck. The crew being unable to manage her, it occurred to the captain, whose name + was Drummond, as a last resort, to attach some ropes to the horns of some of the + bullocks, and turn them into the sea. This was done, the bullocks swam towards land + and towed the ship to the shore. Thus the lives of the crew were saved.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image26_full.png"><img src="images/image26_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page36" id="page36"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 36]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image27_full.png"><img src="images/image27_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>THE SINKING OF THE ROYAL GEORGE.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image28_full.png"><img src="images/image28_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>The Royal George was an old ship; she had seen much service. Her build was rather + short and high, but she sailed well, and carried the tallest masts and squarest + canvas of any of England's gun-ships. She had just returned from Spithead, where + there were twenty or thirty ships of war, called a fleet, lying under command of Lord + Howe. It was on the 29th of August, 1782. She was lying off Portsmouth; her decks had + been washed the day before, and the carpenter discovered that the pipes which + admitted water to cleanse the ship was worn out, and must be replaced. This pipe + being three feet under the water, it was needful to heel, or lay the ship a little on + one side. To do this, the heavy guns on the larboard side were run out of the + port-holes (those window-like openings which you see in the side of the vessel) as + far as they would go, and the guns on the starboard side were drawn up and secured in + the middle of the deck; this brought the sills of the port-holes on the lowest side + nearly even with the water.</p> + <a name="page37" id="page37"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 37]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image29_full.png"><img src="images/image29_thumbnail.png" + alt="Sinking Of The Royal George." /></a> + <p>Sinking Of The Royal George.</p> + </div> + <a name="page39" id="page39"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 39]</span> + <p>Just as the crew had finished breakfast, a vessel called the Lark came on the low + side of the ship to unship a cargo of rum; the casks were put on board on that side, + and this additional weight, together with that of the men employed in unloading, + caused the ship to heel still more on one side; every wave of the sea now washed in + at her port-holes, and thus she had soon so great a weight of water in her hold, that + slowly and almost imperceptibly she sank still further down on her side. Twice, the + carpenter, seeing the danger, went on board to ask the officer on duty to order the + ship to be righted; and if he had not been a proud and angry man, who would not + acknowledge himself to be in the wrong, all might yet have been well.</p> + <a name="page40" id="page40"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 40]</span> + <p>The plumbers had almost finished their work, when a sudden breeze blew on the + raised side of the ship, forced her still further down, and the water began to pour + into her lower port-holes. Instantly the danger became apparent; the men were ordered + to right the ship: they ran to move the guns for this purpose, but it was <i>too + late</i>.</p> + <a name="page41" id="page41"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 41]</span> + <p>In a minute or two more, she fell quite over on her side, with her masts nearly + flat on the water, and the Royal George sank to the bottom, before one signal of + distress could be given! By this dreadful accident, about nine hundred persons lost + their lives; about two hundred and thirty were saved, some by running up the rigging, + and being with others picked up by the boats which put off immediately from other + vessels to their assistance. There were many visitors, women and little children on + board at the time of the accident.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image30_full.png"><img src="images/image30_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page42" id="page42"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 42]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image31_full.png"><img src="images/image31_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>BLOWING UP OF THE ROYAL GEORGE.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image32_full.png"><img src="images/image32_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>At the time when the dreadful event which I have just related to you occurred, the + Lark sloop, which brought the cargo of rum, was lying alongside of the Royal George; + in going down, the main-yard of the Royal George caught the boom of the Lark, and + they sank together, but this made the position of the Royal George much more upright + in the water than it would otherwise have been. There she lay at the bottom of the + sea, just as you have seen small vessels when left by the tide on a bank. Cowper, + when he heard the sad tale, thus wrote</p> + <a name="page45" id="page45"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 45]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "Her timbers yet are sound, + </div> + <div class="line"> + And she may float again, + </div> + <div class="line"> + Full charged with England's thunder, + </div> + <div class="line"> + And plough the distant main. + </div> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "But Kempenfelt is gone, + </div> + <div class="line"> + His victories are o'er, + </div> + <div class="line"> + And he, and his eight hundred + </div> + <div class="line"> + Shall plough the wave no more." + </div> + </div> + </div> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image33_full.png"><img src="images/image33_thumbnail.png" + alt="Blowing Up Of The Royal George." /></a> + <p>Blowing Up Of The Royal George.</p> + </div> + <p>Admiral Kempenfelt was writing in his cabin when the ship sank; his first captain + tried to inform him of their situation, but the heeling of the ship so jammed the + cabin doors that he could not open them: thus the admiral perished with the rest. It + seems Cowper thought the Royal George might be recovered; other people were of the + same opinion.</p> + <a name="page46" id="page46"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 46]</span> + <p>In September of the year in which the vessel sank, a gentleman, named Tracey, + living in the neighborhood, by means of diving-machines, ascertained the position and + state of the ship, and made proposals to government to adopt means of raising her and + getting her again afloat. After a great many vexatious delays and interruptions on + the part of those who were to have supplied him with assistance, he succeeded in + getting up the Lark sloop. His efforts to raise the Royal George were so far + successful, that at every time of high tide she was lifted from her bed; and on the + 9th of October she was hove at least thirty or forty feet to westward; but the days + were getting short, the boisterous winds of winter were setting in, the lighters to + which Tracey's apparatus was attached were too old and rotten to bear the strain, and + he was forced to abandon the attempt.</p> + <a name="page47" id="page47"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 47]</span> + <p>The sunken ship remained, a constant impediment to other vessels wishing to cast + anchor near the spot, for nearly fifty years, when Colonel Pasley, by means of + gunpowder, completely demolished the wreck: the loose pieces of timber floated to the + surface; heavier pieces—the ship's guns, cables, anchors, the fire-hearth, + cooking utensils, and many smaller articles were recovered by the divers. These men + went down in Indian-rubber dresses, which were air and water-tight; they were + furnished with helmets, in each side of which were glass windows, to admit light, and + supplied with air by means of pipes, communicating with an air-pump above. By these + means they could remain under water more than an hour at a time. I do not think you + are old enough to understand the nature of Colonel Pasley's operations. Large hollow + vessels, called cylinders, were filled with gunpowder, and attached by the divers to + the wreck, these were connected by conducting wires with a battery on board a lighter + above, at a sufficient distance to be out of reach of danger when the explosion took + place. Colonel Pasley then gave the word to fire the end of the rod; instantly a + report was heard, and those who witnessed the explosions, say that the effect was + very beautiful. On <a name="page48" id="page48"></a><span class="newpage">[pg + 48]</span> one occasion, the water rose in a splendid column above fifty feet high, + the spray sparkling like diamonds in the sun; then the large fragments of the wreck + came floating to the surface; soon after the mud from the bottom, blackening the + circle of water, and spreading to a great distance around; and with it rose to the + surface great numbers of fish, who, poor things, had found a hiding-place in the + wreck, but were dislodged and killed by the terrible gunpowder.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image34_full.png"><img src="images/image34_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page50" id="page50"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 50]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image35_full.png"><img src="images/image35_thumbnail.png" + alt="Loss Of The Melville Castle." /></a> + <p>Loss Of The Melville Castle.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page51" id="page51"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 51]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image36_full.png"><img src="images/image36_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>LOSS OF THE MELVILLE CASTLE.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image37_full.png"><img src="images/image37_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>Many and great are the dangers to which those who lead a seafaring life are + exposed. The lightning's flash may strike a ship when far away from port, upon the + trackless deep, or the sudden bursting of a particular kind of cloud, called a + waterspout, may overwhelm her, and none be left to tell her fate. But of all the + perils to which a ship is liable, I think that of her striking on a sand-bank, or on + sunken rocks is the greatest. There must be men and women now living on the Kentish + coast, in whose memory the disastrous wreck of the Melville Castle, with all its + attendant horrors, is yet fresh. It is a sorrowful tale, doubly so, inasmuch as acts + of imprudence, and still worse, of obstinacy, may be said to have occasioned the loss + of four hundred and fifty lives.</p> + <a name="page52" id="page52"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 52]</span> + <p>In the first place, the Melville Castle, or as I suppose we should call her the + Vryheid, was in a very decayed state; she had been long in the East India Company's + service, and was by them sold to some Dutch merchants, who had her upper works + tolerably repaired, new sheathed and coppered her, and resold her to the Dutch + government, who were then in want of a vessel to carry out troops and stores to + Batavia.</p> + <a name="page53" id="page53"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 53]</span> + <p>The Melville Castle was accordingly equipped for the voyage, painted throughout, + and her name changed to the Vryheid. On the the morning of November, 1802, she set + sail from the Texel, a port on the coast of Holland, with a fair wind, which lasted + till early on the following day, when a heavy gale came on in an adverse + direction.</p> + <p>The captain immediately had the top-gallant masts and yards struck to make her + ride more easily; but as the day advanced, the violence of the wind increased, and + vain seemed every effort of the crew to manage the ship. There were many mothers and + little children on board, whose state was truly pitiable. The ship was scourged + onward by the resistless blast, which continued to increase until it blew a perfect + hurricane.</p> + <p>About three in the afternoon, the mainmast fell overboard, sweeping several of the + crew into the sea, and severely injuring four or five more. By this time they were + near enough to the Kentish coast to discern objects on land, but the waves which + rolled mountains high prevented the possibility of any help approaching. By great + exertion the ship was brought to anchor in Hythe Bay, and for a few moments hope + cheered the bosoms of those on board; it was <i>but</i> a few, for almost immediately + she was found to have sprung a leak; and while all hands were busy at the pumps, the + storm came on with increased fury.</p> + <a name="page54" id="page54"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 54]</span> + <p>In this dismal plight they continued till about six o'clock the following morning, + when the ship parted from one of her largest anchors, and drifted on towards + Dymchurch-wall, about three miles to the west of Hythe. This wall is formed by + immense piles, and cross pieces of timber, supported by wooden jetties, which stretch + far into the sea. It was built to prevent the water from overflowing a rich, level + district, called Romney Marsh.</p> + <p>The crew continued to fire guns and hoist signals of distress. At daybreak a pilot + boat put off from Dover, and nearing the Melville Castle, advised the captain to put + back to Deal or Hythe, and wait for calmer weather, or, said the boatman, "all hands + will assuredly be lost." But the captain would not act on his recommendation; he + thought the pilot boat exaggerated the danger, hoped the wind would abate as the day + opened, and that he should avoid the demands of the Dover pilot or the Down fees by + not casting anchor there. Another help the captain rejected, and bitterly did he + lament it when it was too late.</p> + <a name="page55" id="page55"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 55]</span> + <p>No sooner had the pilot boat departed, than the commodore at Deal despatched two + boats to endeavor to board the ship. The captain obstinately refused to take any + notice of them, and ordered the crew to let the vessel drive before the wind. This + they did, till the ship ran so close in shore, that the captain himself saw the + imminent danger, and twice attempted to put her about, but in vain. On the first of + the projecting jetties of Dymchurch-wall the vessel struck. I would not if I could + grieve your young heart with a detail of all the horrors that ensued; the devoted + ship continued to beat on the piles, the sea breaking over her with such violence, + that the pumps could no longer be worked.</p> + <a name="page56" id="page56"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 56]</span> + <p>The foremast soon went over the ship's side, carrying twelve seamen with it, who + were swallowed up by the billows. The rudder was unshipped, the tiller tore up the + gundeck, and the water rushed in at the port-holes. At this fearful moment most of + the passengers and crew joined in solemn prayer to the Almighty. Morning came, but it + was only to witness the demolition of the wreck.</p> + <p>Many were the efforts made by the sufferers, some in the jolly boat, some on a + raft, others by lashing themselves to pieces of timber, hogsheads, and even hencoops, + to reach the shore; but out of four hundred and seventy-two persons who a few days + before had left the coast of Holland, not more than eighteen escaped the raging + billows. The miserable remnant received generous attention from the inhabitants of + the place, who did all in their power to aid their recovery.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image38_full.png"><img src="images/image38_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page58" id="page58"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 58]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image39_full.png"><img src="images/image39_thumbnail.png" + alt="Burning Of The Kent East Indiaman." /></a> + <p>Burning Of The Kent East Indiaman.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page59" id="page59"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 59]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image40_full.png"><img src="images/image40_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>BURNING OF THE KENT EAST INDIAMAN.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image41_full.png"><img src="images/image41_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>This picture represents the burning of the Kent East Indiaman, in the Bay of + Biscay. She had on board in all six hundred and forty-one persons at the time of the + accident. The fire broke out in the hold during a storm. An officer on duty, finding + that a spirit cask had broken loose, was taking measures to secure it, when a lurch + of the ship caused him to drop his lantern, and in his eagerness to save it, he let + go the cask, which suddenly stove in, and the spirits communicated with the flame, + the whole place was instantly in a blaze. Hopes of subduing the fire at first were + strong, but soon heavy volumes of smoke and a pitchy smell told that it had reached + the cable-room.</p> + <a name="page60" id="page60"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 60]</span> + <p>In these awful circumstances, the captain ordered the lower decks to be scuttled, + to admit water. This was done; several poor seamen being suffocated by the smoke in + executing the order; but now a new danger threatened, the sea rushed in so furiously, + that the ship was becoming water-logged, and all feared her going down. Between six + and seven hundred human beings, were by by this time crowded on the deck. Many on + their knees earnestly implored the mercy of an all-powerful God! while some old + stout-hearted sailors quietly seated themselves directly over the powder magazine, + expecting an explosion every moment, and thinking thus to put a speedier end to their + torture.</p> + <a name="page61" id="page61"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 61]</span> + <p>In this time of despair, it occurred to the fourth mate to send a man to the + foremast, hoping, but scarce daring to think it probable, that some friendly sail + might be in sight. The man at the fore-top looked around him; it was a moment of + intense anxiety; then waving his hat, he cried out, "A sail, on the lee-bow!"</p> + <p>Those on deck received the news with heart-felt gratitude, and answered with three + cheers. Signals of distress were instantly hoisted, and endeavors used to make + towards the stranger, while the minute guns were fired continuously. She proved to be + the brig Cambria, Captain Cook, master, bound to Vera Cruz, having twenty Cornish + miners, and some agents of the Mining Company on board. For about one quarter of an + hour, the crew of the Kent doubted whether the brig perceived their signals: but + after a period of dreadful suspense, they saw the British colors hoisted, and the + brig making towards them.</p> + <a name="page62" id="page62"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 62]</span> + <p>On this, the crew of the Kent got their boats in readiness; the first was filled + with women, passengers, and officers' wives, and was lowered into a sea so + tempestuous as to leave small hope of their reaching the brig; they did, however, + after being nearly swamped through some entanglement of the ropes, get clear of the + Kent, and were safely taken on board the Cambria, which prudently lay at some + distance off.</p> + <p>After the first trip, it was found impossible for the boats to come close + alongside of the Kent, and the poor women and children suffered dreadfully, in being + lowered over the stern into them by means of ropes. Amid this gloomy scene, many + beautiful examples occurred of filial and parental affection, and of disinterested + friendship; and many sorrowful instances of individual loss and suffering. At length, + when all had been removed from the burning vessel, but a few, who were so overcome by + fear as to refuse to make the attempt to reach the brig, the captain quitted his + ill-fated ship.</p> + <a name="page63" id="page63"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 63]</span> + <p>The flames which had spread along her upper deck, now mounted rapidly to the mast + and rigging, forming one general conflagration and lighting up the heavens to an + immense distance round. One by one her stately masts fell over her sides. By + half-past one in the morning the fire reached the powder magazine; the looked-for + explosion took place, and the burning fragments of the vessel were blown high into + the air, like so many rockets.</p> + <p>The Cambria, with her crowd of sufferers, made all speed to the nearest port, and + reached Portsmouth in safety, shortly after midnight, on the 3d of March, 1825, the + accident having taken place on the 28th of February. Wonderful to tell, fourteen of + the poor creatures, left on the Kent, were rescued by another ship, the Caroline, on + her passage from Alexandria to Liverpool.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="page64" id="page64"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 64]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image42_full.png"><img src="images/image42_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>THE PELICAN.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image43_full.png"><img src="images/image43_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>The life of a pelican seems to be a very lazy, if not a very pleasant one. Man, + ever on the watch to turn the habits of animals to his own account, observing how + good a fisherman the pelican is, often catches and tames him, and makes him fish for + <i>him</i>. I have heard of a bird of this kind in America, which was so well + trained, that it would at command go off in the morning, and return at night with its + pouch full, and stretched to the utmost; part of its treasure it disgorged for its + master, the rest was given to the bird for its trouble. It is hardly credible what + these extraordinary pouches will hold; it is said, that among other things, a man's + leg with the boots on was once found in one of them.</p> + <a name="page65" id="page65"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 65]</span> + <p>Pelicans live in flocks; they and the cormorants sometimes help one another to get + a living. The cormorant is a species of pelican, of a dusky color: it is sometimes + called the sea crow. The cormorants are the best divers, so the pelicans arrange + themselves in a large circle at some great distance from the land, and flap their + great wings on the surface of the water, while the cormorants dive beneath. Away swim + the poor frightened fish towards the shore; the pelicans draw into a narrower circle, + and the fish at last are brought into so small a compass, that their pursuers find no + difficulty in obtaining a plentiful meal.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="page66" id="page66"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 66]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image44_full.png"><img src="images/image44_thumbnail.png" + alt="The Sea Turtle." /></a> + <p>The Sea Turtle.</p> + </div> + <h2>CATCHING TURTLE.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image45_full.png"><img src="images/image45_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>There are two kinds of turtle; the one is called the green turtle, and is much + valued as a delicious article of food; the other the hawk's bill turtle supplies the + tortoise shell of commerce, which is prepared and moulded into various forms by heat. + The flesh of the hawk's bill turtle is considered very unwholesome.</p> + <a name="page67" id="page67"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 67]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image46_full.png"><img src="images/image46_thumbnail.png" + alt="Catching Turtle." /></a> + <p>Catching Turtle.</p> + </div> + <a name="page69" id="page69"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 69]</span> + <p>The turtles in the picture are of the edible kind; they are found on the shores of + nearly all the countries within the tropics.</p> + <p>There is a little rocky island in the south Atlantic Ocean, called the Island of + Ascension, where they are found in vast numbers, and this barren spot is often + visited by Indiamen for the purpose of obtaining some of them. The turtles feed on + the sea weed and other marine plants which grow on the shoals and sand banks, and + with their powerful jaws, they crush the small sea shells which are found among the + weeds. This kind of food is always to be had in great abundance, so that the turtles + have no occasion to quarrel among themselves, for that which is afforded in such + plenty for all; indeed they seem to be a very quiet and inoffensive race, herding + peaceably together on their extensive feeding-grounds, and when satisfied retiring to + the fresh water at the mouth of the rivers, where they remain holding their heads + above water, as if to breathe the fresh air, till the shadow of any of their numerous + enemies alarms them, when they instantly dive to the bottom for security.</p> + <a name="page70" id="page70"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 70]</span> + <p>In the month of April, the females leave the water after sunset, in order to + deposit their eggs in the sand. By means of their fore-fins they dig a hole above + high water mark, about one foot wide and two deep, into which they drop above a + hundred eggs; they then cover them lightly over with a layer of sand, sufficient to + hide them, and yet thin enough to admit the warmth of the sun's rays for hatching + them. The instinct which leads the female turtle to the shore to lay her eggs, + renders her a prey to man. The fishers wait for them on shore, especially on a + moonlight night, and following them in one of their journeys, either coming or + returning, they turn them quickly over on their backs, before they have time to + defend themselves, or to blind their assailants by throwing up the sand with their + fins.</p> + <a name="page71" id="page71"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 71]</span> + <p>When very large, for I should tell you that the usual weight of the turtle is from + four to six hundred pounds, it requires the efforts of several men to turn them over, + and for this purpose they often employ levers: the back shell of the turtle is so + flat that when once over it is impossible for them to right themselves, so there the + poor creatures lie in this helpless condition, till they are either taken away in the + manner you see in the picture, or deposited by their captors in a crawl, which is a + kind of enclosure surrounded by stakes, and so situated as to admit the influx of the + sea.</p> + <p>The inhabitants of the Bahama Isles, catch many turtles at a considerable distance + from the shore; they strike them with a spear, the head of which slips off when it + has entered the body of the turtle, but it is fastened by a string to the pole, and + by means of this apparatus they are able to secure them, and either take them into + the boat or haul them on shore. The length of the green turtle frequently exceeds six + feet. A boy ten years old, a son of Captain Roche, once made use of a very large + shell as a boat, and ventured in it from the shore to his father's ship which lay + about a quarter of a mile off. It was in the bay of Campeachy, off Port Royal, where + the rightful occupant of this shell was caught.</p> + <a name="page72" id="page72"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 72]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image47_full.png"><img src="images/image47_thumbnail.png" + alt="Catching Turtle." /></a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page74" id="page74"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 74]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image48_full.png"><img src="images/image48_thumbnail.png" + alt="Wreck Of The Steamboat." /></a> + <p>Wreck Of The Steamboat.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page75" id="page75"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 75]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image49_full.png"><img src="images/image49_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>THE WRECK OF THE STEAMBOAT.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image50_full.png"><img src="images/image50_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>The following narrative teaches a lesson of courage and devotion such as are + seldom read. In one of the light-houses of the desolate Farne Isles, amid the ocean, + with no prospect before it but the wide expanse of sea, and now and then a distant + sail appearing, her cradle hymn the ceaseless sound of the everlasting deep, there + lived a little child whose name was Grace Darling. Her father was the keeper of the + light-house; and here Grace lived and grew up to the age of twenty-two, her mother's + constant helpmate in all domestic duties. She had a fair and healthy countenance, + which wore a kind and cheerful smile, proceeding from a heart at peace with others, + and happy in the consciousness of endeavoring to do its duty.</p> + <a name="page76" id="page76"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 76]</span> + <p>It was at early dawn, one September morning, in the year 1838, that the family at + the Longstone light-house looked out through a dense fog which hung over the waters. + All night the sea had run extremely high, with a heavy gale from the north, and at + this moment the storm continued unabated. Mr. and Mrs. Darling and Grace were at this + time the only persons in the light-house; through the dim mist they perceived the + wreck of a large steam vessel on the rocks, and by the aid of their telescope the + could even make out the forms of some persons clinging to her.</p> + <a name="page77" id="page77"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 77]</span> + <p>It was the Forfarshire steamboat on her passage from Hull to Dundee. She left the + former place with sixty-three persons on board. She had entered Berwick Bay about + eight o'clock the previous evening, in a heavy gale and in a leaky condition; the + motion of the vessel soon increased the leak to such a degree that the fires could + not be kept burning. About ten o'clock she bore up off St. Abb's Head, the storm + still raging. Soon after the engineer reported that the engines would not work; the + vessel became unmanageable; it was raining heavily, and the fog was so dense that it + was impossible to make out their situation. At length the appearance of breakers + close to leeward, and the Farne lights just becoming visible, showed to all on board + their imminent danger.</p> + <p>The captain vainly tried to run the vessel between the islands and the main land, + she would no longer answer the helm, and was driven to and fro by a furious sea. + Between three and four o'clock in the morning she struck with her bows foremost on a + jagged rock, which pierced her timbers. Soon after the first shock a mighty wave + lifted the vessel from the rock, and let her fall again with such violence as fairly + to break her in two pieces; the after part, containing the cabin with many + passengers, all of whom perished, was instantly carried away through a tremendous + current, while the fore part was fixed on the rock. The survivors, only nine in + number, five of the crew and four passengers, remained in this dreadful situation + till daybreak, when they were descried by the family at the light-house. But who + could dare to cross the raging abyss which lay between them?</p> + <a name="page78" id="page78"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 78]</span> + <p>Grace, full of pity and anxiety for the wretched people on the wreck, forgot all + toil and danger, and urged her father to launch the boat; she took one oar and her + father the other; but Grace had never assisted in the boat before, and it was only by + extreme exertion and the most determined courage that they succeeded in bringing the + boat up to the rock, and rescuing nine of their fellow creatures from a watery grave, + and with the help of the crew in returning, landed all safe at the light-house.</p> + <a name="page79" id="page79"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 79]</span> + <p>Happy Grace Darling! she needed no other reward than the joy of her own heart and + the warm thanks of those she had helped to deliver; but the news of the heroic deed + soon spread, and wondering and admiring strangers came from far and near to see Grace + and that lonely light-house. Nay more, they showered gifts upon her, and a public + subscription was raised with a view of rewarding her bravery, to the amount of seven + hundred pounds. She continued to live with her parents on their barren isles, finding + happiness in her simple duties and in administering to their comfort, until her + death, which took place little more than three years after the wreck of the + Forfarshire steamer.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image51_full.png"><img src="images/image51_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page80" id="page80"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 80]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image53_full.png"><img src="images/image53_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>WATERSPOUTS.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image54_full.png"><img src="images/image54_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>These wonderful appearances are caused by the action of currents of wind meeting + in the atmosphere from different quarters. They are sometimes seen on land, but much + more frequently at sea, where they are very dangerous visitors. I will try to give + you some idea of what they are, and perhaps the picture may help you a little. I dare + say you have often noticed little eddies of wind whirling up dust and leaves, or any + light substances which happened to be in the way; when these occur on a larger scale + they are called whirlwinds.</p> + <a name="page81" id="page81"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 81]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image55_full.png"><img src="images/image55_thumbnail.png" + alt="Waterspouts." /></a> + <p>Waterspouts.</p> + </div> + <a name="page83" id="page83"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 83]</span> + <p>Now if a cloud happens to be exactly in the point where two such furious currents + of wind meet, it is turned round and round by them with great speed and is condensed + into the form of a cone; this whirling motion drives from the centre of the cloud all + the particles contained in it, producing what is called a vacuum, or empty space, + into which the water or any thing else lying beneath it has an irresistible tendency + to rush. Underneath the dense impending cloud, the sea becomes violently agitated, + and the waves dart rapidly towards the centre of the troubled mass of water: on + reaching it they disperse in vapor, and rise, whirling in a spiral direction towards + the cloud. The descending and ascending <a name="page84" id="page84"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 84]</span> columns unite, the whole presenting the appearance of + a hollow cylinder, or tube of glass, empty within. This, Maltebrun tells us, and he + further adds, "it glides over the sea without any wind being felt; indeed several + have been seen at once, pursuing different directions. When the cloud and the marine + base of the waterspout move with equal velocity, the lower cone is often seen to + incline sideways, or even to bend, and finally to burst in pieces. A noise is then + heard like the noise of a cataract falling in a deep valley. Lightning frequently + issues from the very bosom of the waterspout, particularly when it breaks; but no + thunder is ever heard."</p> + <a name="page85" id="page85"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 85]</span> + <p>Sailors, to prevent the danger which would arise from coming in contact with one + of these tremendous columns, discharge a cannon into it: the ball passing through it + breaks the watery cylinder, and causes it to burst, just as a touch causes your + beautiful soap-bubbles to vanish, and turn to water again. These waterspouts, at sea, + generally occur between the tropics, and I believe frequently after a calm, such as + the poet has described in the following lines:</p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt down, + </div> + <div class="line"> + 'Twas sad as sad could be, + </div> + <div class="line"> + And we did speak only to break + </div> + <div class="line"> + The silence of the sea! + </div> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "All in a hot and copper sky, + </div> + <div class="line"> + The bloody sun at noon, + </div> + <div class="line"> + Right up above the mast did stand. + </div> + <div class="line"> + No bigger than the moon. + </div> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "Day after day, day after day, + </div> + <div class="line"> + We stuck, nor breath, nor motion; + </div> + <div class="line"> + As idle as a painted ship + </div> + <div class="line"> + Upon a painted ocean. + </div> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <div class="line"> + "Water, water, every where, + </div> + <div class="line"> + And all the boards did shrink; + </div> + <div class="line"> + Water, water, every where + </div> + <div class="line"> + And not a drop to drink!" + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p>Happily "dead calms" do not generally last so long as to lead to any serious + result. Sailors have a superstitious and foolish belief that whistling in a calm will + bring up a breeze, and they do this in a drawling, beseeching tone, on some prominent + part of the vessel. Poor fellows! what a pity that their thoughts should not more + frequently be directed to Him "who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his + hand, and meted out heaven with a span," and whose works and wonders in the deep + "they that go down to the sea in ships" have such abundant opportunity for + observing.</p> + <a name="page86" id="page86"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 86]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image56_full.png"><img src="images/image56_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page87" id="page87"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 87]</span> + <h2>HEAVING THE LEAD.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image57_full.png"><img src="images/image57_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>Here we have a sailor in the act of heaving the lead, or taking soundings, which + is a thing extremely necessary to be done when a ship is approaching the shore, as + there is great danger of her running on a sand-bank or striking on a sunken rock. I + will now tell you how it is managed. A sailor gets over the ship's side, as you see + in the engraving, and takes his station in what are called "the chains;" he holds in + his hand a coil of rope, with the length in fathoms marked upon it; this rope has a + mass of lead attached to the end of it. At the <a name="page88" id="page88"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 88]</span> bottom of the lead, is a hollow place, into which a + piece of tallow candle is stuck, which brings up distinguishing marks from the bottom + of the sea, such as small shells, sand, or mud, adhering to it. If the tallow be only + indented it is supposed to have fallen on bare rocks. A correct account of the + soundings is entered in the logbook; this book contains a description of the ship's + course, the direction of the wind, and other circumstances, during every hour of each + day and night. Having arranged the rope so as to allow it to fall freely when cast, + the sailor throws the lead forward into the water, giving rope sufficient to allow it + to touch the bottom; then with a sudden jerk, such as long practice <a name="page89" + id="page89"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 89]</span> alone can enable him to give, he + raises the weight, and after examining the mark on the rope made by the water, calls + out lustily, so that all forward can hear, "By the mark seven," or "By the deep + nine," according to the case, or whatever the number of fathoms may be. The lead-line + is marked into lengths of six feet, called fathoms, by knots, or pieces of leather, + or old sail-cloth. In narrow or intricate channels, it is sometimes needful to place + a man in the chains on each side of the ship, as the depth will vary a fathom or more + even in the breadth of the vessel, and it is of great consequence that the leadsmen + give the depth correctly, as a wrong report might cause the ship to run aground. The + time that the leadsman is employed in taking soundings is often a period of deep + anxiety to the crew and passengers, especially if the vessel be near an unknown + coast. When the decrease in the number of fathoms is sudden, the captain knows that + danger is near, and quickly gives orders to alter the ship's course: the sailors + instantly obey his directions; but sometimes not all their activity and energy can + save the vessel; she strikes and becomes a wreck.</p> + <a name="page90" id="page90"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 90]</span> + <p>Turn to the 27th chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in your Bible, and you will + there read the deeply interesting account of Paul's shipwreck on the island Melita. + Life has often been compared to a voyage—and aptly so.</p> + <p>You will find that you, like the mariner, are exposed to many dangers, and that + you are never for one moment safe in trusting to your own skill to guide your little + bark. In watchfulness and prayer, look to your Heavenly Pilot for directions under + every circumstance, often examining your own heart, as the seaman heaves the lead in + danger. Then will you be safely guided through storms and calms, amid rocks and + shoals, and reach at last the blessed haven of eternal rest and peace.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image58_full.png"><img src="images/image58_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page91" id="page91"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 91]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image59_full.png"><img src="images/image59_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>THE BALLOON AT SEA.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image52_full.png"><img src="images/image52_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>A balloon is a hollow globe, made of silk, rendered air-tight by a coating of gum + and resin, and enclosed within a strong network. When filled with gas it is so much + lighter than the air which surrounds us, that it will rise with heavier bodies + suspended to it. In a sort of car or boat attached, men, who are called "aeronauts," + have performed journeys through the air.</p> + <a name="page92" id="page92"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 92]</span> + <p>The balloon was invented by a Frenchman named Montgolfier. Great expectations were + at first entertained of this art of sailing through the air, but as yet it has not + proved of much practical use. Many disasters have at different times befallen balloon + voyagers.</p> + <p>Many years ago, Major Mooney ascended in his balloon from Norwich, expecting from + the direction of the wind that he might descend near Ipswich; but when he had risen + about one mile from the earth, a violent current carried him and his balloon towards + Yarmouth. The balloon fell on the sea, about nine miles from land. The Major + supported himself for some time in the water, by holding firmly to the balloon, and + was at last rescued from his dangerous situation by the crew of a cutter which was + cruising on the coast.</p> + <a name="page93" id="page93"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 93]</span> + <p>This was a disastrous voyage, but I think it will interest you to hear of a more + successful one, performed by three gentlemen, one of whom, Mr. Green, has introduced + some great improvements in the art of filling and guiding balloons. These gentlemen + left the earth in the car of a very large balloon, at half-past one o'clock, on + Monday, the 7th of November, 1836, intending to proceed to some point on the + continent of Europe not very distant from Paris. They were provided with provisions + for a fortnight; these, with sand-bags for ballast, cordage, and all needful + apparatus for such a journey were placed in the bottom of the car, while all around + hung cloaks, carpet bags, barrels of wood and copper, barometers, telescopes, lamps, + spirit-flasks, coffee-warmers, &c, for you know it would be impossible for them + afterwards to supply any thing which might have been forgotten.</p> + <a name="page94" id="page94"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 94]</span> + <p>Thus duly furnished, the balloon was rapidly borne away by a moderate breeze over + the fertile fields of Kent to Dover. It was forty-eight minutes past four when the + first sound of the waves on the sea-beach broke on the voyagers' ears: the sun was + sinking below the horizon, and as the balloon was rapidly borne into the region of + mist which hung over the ocean, we must suppose something of dread and uncertainty + attended the adventurer's minds. Scarcely, however, had they completed some + arrangements, intended to render the balloon more buoyant in the heavy atmosphere, + than again the sound of waves surprised them, and below were seen glittering the + well-known lights of Calais and the neighboring shores. Passing over Calais the + aeronauts lowered a blue-light to give notice of their presence, but could not tell + whether the inhabitants perceived it. By this time night had completely closed in, + and still the silken ball pursued its course. So long as lights were burning in the + towns and villages which it passed in rapid succession, the solitary voyagers looked + down on the scene with delight; sometimes they could even catch the hum of the yet + busy multitude, or the bark of a watch-dog; but midnight came, and the world was + hushed in sleep.</p> + <a name="page95" id="page95"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 95]</span> + <p>As soon as the people were again stirring below, the guide-rope was hauled into + the balloon, and the grappling-iron lowered; and after sundry difficulties from the + danger of getting entangled in a wood, and grievously affrighting two ladies, who + stood awhile petrified with amazement at the unusual apparition, the voyagers + succeeded in alighting in a grassy valley, about six miles from the town of Weilburg, + in the Duchy of Nassau. Here every attention and accommodation was afforded them, and + thus ended this remarkable journey, an extent of about five hundred British miles + having been passed over in the space of eighteen hours.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image60_full.png"><img src="images/image60_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page96" id="page96"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 96]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image61_full.png"><img src="images/image61_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>AN ADVENTURE OF PAUL JONES.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image62_full.png"><img src="images/image62_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>John Paul Jones was a famous naval commander in the service of the United States, + during the revolutionary war. He was a native of Scotland, but having come to + Virginia and settled before the war broke out, he joined the patriots as soon as + hostilities commenced, and rendered the most important services through the whole of + the long and arduous contest, by which our independence was acquired.</p> + <a name="page99" id="page99"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 99]</span> + <p>The following account of one of his adventures is given by his biographer.</p> + <p>Eager to retaliate upon Britain for some predatory exploits of her sailors on the + American coast, and exasperated by the resolution which the English government had + taken, to treat all the supporters of independence as traitors and rebels, Captain + Paul Jones entered the Irish Channel, and approaching his native shores, not as a + friend, but as a determined enemy. On the night of the 22d of April, 1778, he came to + anchor in the Solway Firth, almost within sight of the trees which sheltered the + house in which he first drew the breath of life.</p> + <p>Early next morning, he rowed for the English coast, at the head of thirty-one + volunteers, in two boats, with the intention of destroying the shipping, about two + hundred sail, which lay in the harbor of Whitehaven.</p> + <a name="page100" id="page100"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 100]</span> + <p>In this daring attempt he would probably have succeeded without difficulty, had + not the strength of the opposing tide retarded his progress so much, that day began + to dawn before he could gain the shore. He despatched the smaller of the two boats to + the north of the port to set fire to the vessels, whilst he led the remainder of the + party to the more hazardous duty of securing the fort, which was situated on a hill + to the south. It was a cold morning, and the sentinels little aware that an enemy was + so near, had retired into the guard-room for warmth, affording Jones an opportunity + to take them by surprise, of which he did not fail to avail himself. Climbing over + the shoulders of the tallest of his men, he crept silently through one of the + embrasures and was instantly followed by the rest. Their first care was to make fast + the door of the guard-room, and their next to spike the cannon, thirty-six in number. + Having effected this without bloodshed, they proceeded to join the detachment which + had been sent to the north; and finding that a false alarm had deterred them from + executing their orders, Jones instantly proceeded to set fire to the vessels within + his reach. By this time, however, the inhabitants were roused, and the invaders were + obliged to retreat, leaving three ships in flames, of which one alone was + destroyed.</p> + <a name="page101" id="page101"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 101]</span> + <p>On the same day with this adventure, another memorable occurrence took place, + which contributed, for a time, to add greatly to the odium which the first had + brought on his name in Britain, but which, in the end, enabled him to prove that he + was possessed of the most heroic qualities. In cruising off the coast of Galloway, it + occurred to him, that, if he could get into his power a man of high rank and + influence in the state, he should able, by retaining him as a hostage, to ensure to + the American prisoners of war more lenient treatment than was threatened by the + British government. Knowing that the Earl of Selkirk possessed a seat at St. Mary's + Isle, a beautiful peninsula at the mouth of the Dee, and being ill-informed with + regard to the political connections of that nobleman, he destined him for the subject + of his experiment. With that <a name="page102" id="page102"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 102]</span> view, he landed on the Isle, about noon, with two + officers and a few men; but, before they had proceeded far, he learned that his + lordship was from home. Finding his object frustrated, he now wished to return; but + his crew were not so easily satisfied. Their object was plunder; and as they + consisted of men in a very imperfect state of discipline, and with whom it would have + been dangerous to contend, he allowed them to proceed. He exacted from them, however, + a promise that they should be guilty of no violence; that the men should not enter + the house, and that the officers, after having made their demands, should accept what + might be put into their hands without scrutiny. These conditions were punctually + obeyed. The greater part of the Selkirk plate was carried off in triumph by the crew, + and Paul Jones was, for a time, stigmatized as a freebooter; but he nobly vindicated + his character, by taking the earliest opportunity of purchasing the whole of it, out + of his own <a name="page103" id="page103"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 103]</span> + private funds, and remitting it safe to its original owner, without accepting the + smallest remuneration. National prejudice has misrepresented this transaction; and in + order to excite the popular indignation against Jones, it has been common to state, + that this attempt on the person, and as it was supposed the property, of Lord + Selkirk, was aggravated by ingratitude, his father having eaten of that nobleman's + bread. Nothing can be more false. Neither Mr. Paul, nor any of his kindred, ever was + in the earl's employ, or had ever the most distant connection with his lordship or + his family; and in a correspondence which took place between our hero and Lady + Selkirk, relative to the restitution of the plate, a most honorable testimony was + gratefully paid by the latter to the captain's character.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="page104" id="page104"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 104]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image63_full.png"><img src="images/image63_thumbnail.png" + alt="Nelson Saved By His Coxswain." /></a> + <p>Nelson Saved By His Coxswain.</p> + </div> + <h2>ADMIRAL NELSON.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image64_full.png"><img src="images/image64_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>Nelson lost the sight of one eye at the siege of Calvi, by a shot driving the sand + and gravel into it, and he lost his arm by a shot in an expedition against Teneriffe; + but the most dangerous of his exploits were, boarding the battery at San Bartolomeo, + boarding the San Joseph, the boat action in the Bay of Cadiz, and the famous battles + of the Nile and Trafalgar. Of these, perhaps, the boat action during the blockade of + Cadiz was the most severe. While making an attempt against the Spanish gunboats, he + was attacked by D. Miguel Tregayen, in an armed launch, carrying twenty-six men; + fearful odds against his ten bargemen, captain, and coxswain. Eighteen Spaniards were + killed, the rest wounded, and the launch captured.</p> + <a name="page105" id="page105"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 105]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image65_full.png"><img src="images/image65_thumbnail.png" + alt="Admiral Nelson." /></a> + <p>Admiral Nelson.</p> + </div> + <a name="page107" id="page107"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 107]</span> + <p>The Spaniards were more than two to one, and yet he beat them; but it was a hard + and desperate struggle, hand to hand and blade to blade. Twice did John Sykes, the + coxswain, save Nelson's life, by parrying off blows that would have destroyed him, + and once did he interpose his head to receive the blow of a Spanish sabre; but he + would willingly have died for his admiral.</p> + <p>Poor Sykes was wounded badly, but not killed.</p> + <a name="page108" id="page108"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 108]</span> + <p>When Nelson's health was established after the loss of his arm, he sent to the + minister of St. George's, Hanover Square, the following desire to offer up his + thanksgiving:—"An officer desires to return thanks to Almighty God for his + perfect recovery from a severe wound, and also for the many mercies bestowed on him." + Thus showing that he was humble enough to be thankful to God, and continued so in the + midst of all his successes.</p> + <p>The following is an instance of his coolness in the hour of danger. The late + Lieutenant-General the Hon. Sir William Stewart, as lieutenant-colonel of the + rifle-brigade, embarked to do duty in the fleet which was led by Sir Hyde Parker and + Nelson, to the attack of Copenhagen in 1801. "I was," says he, "with Lord Nelson when + he wrote the note to the Crown Prince of Denmark, proposing terms of arrangement. A + cannon ball struck off the head of the boy who was crossing the cabin with the light + to seal it. "Bring another candle," said his lordship. I observed, that I thought it + might very well be sent as it was, for it would not be expected that the usual forms + could be observed at such a moment. "That is the very thing I should wish to avoid, + Colonel," replied he, "for if the least appearance of precipitation were perceptible + in the manner of sending this note, it might spoil all." Another candle being now + brought, his lordship sealed the letter, carefully enclosed in an envelope, with a + seal bearing his coat of arms and coronet, and delivered it to the officer in waiting + to receive it. It is said that the moment was a critical one, and that Lord Nelson's + note decided the event."</p> + <a name="page109" id="page109"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 109]</span> + <p>A seaman of the name of Hewson, who had served under Nelson, was working as a + caster in a manufactory at Birmingham when Nelson visited that place. Among other + manufactories, the admiral paid a visit to that where Hewson was at work as a + brass-founder; and though no employment disfigures a workman more with smoke and dust + than the process of casting, the quick eye of Nelson recognized in the caster an old + associate. "What, Hewson, my lad," said he, "are you here?" Hewson laid hold of the + hair that hung over his forehead, and making an awkward bow, replied, "Yes, your + honor." "Why, how comes this about! You and I are old acquaintances; you were with me + in the Captain when I boarded the San Joseph, were you not?" Hewson again laid hold + of of his hair, and bowing, replied, "Yes, your honor." "I remember you well," said + Nelson; "you were one of the cleverest fellows about the vessel! If any thing was to + be done, Hewson was the lad to do. Why, what do you here, working like a negro? Take + this," throwing him money, "and wash the dust down your throat."</p> + <a name="page110" id="page110"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 110]</span> + <p>Hewson withdrew to a neighboring alehouse, boasting of the character the admiral + had given him. Month after month passed away, but Hewson returned not—his + shop-tools were abandoned, and no one could account for his absence. At length a + stripling, in a sailor's jacket, entered the manufactory and said, "he was come to + settle his father's affairs." This was no other than Hewson's son, from whose account + it appeared, that when Hewson, somewhat elevated with liquor, but more with the + praise the admiral had bestowed on him, quitted Birmingham, he walked his way down to + Portsmouth, entered once more on board Lord Nelson's ship, and fell with him in the + battle of Trafalgar.</p> + <a name="page111" id="page111"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 111]</span> + <p>At the battle of Trafalgar, Collingwood, in the Royal Sovereign, led the lee-line + of fourteen ships, Nelson, in the Victory, was at the head of the weather-line, + consisting of fourteen ships. Besides these there were four frigates.</p> + <p>The ships of France and Spain, opposed to the British, were in number + thirty-three, with seven large frigates. The odds were great against the English, but + the superior tactics, and well-known bravery of Nelson, clothed him with power, that + more than made up the difference. When every thing was prepared for the engagement, + Nelson retired into his cabin alone, and wrote down the following prayer.</p> + <a name="page112" id="page112"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 112]</span> + <p>"May the great God, whom I worship grant to my country, and for the benefit of + Europe in general, a great and glorious victory, and may no misconduct in any one + tarnish it, and may humanity after victory, be the predominant feature in the British + fleet! For myself, individually, I commit my life to Him that made me; and may his + blessing alight on my endeavors for serving my country faithfully! To him I resign + myself, and the just cause which is entrusted to me to defend. Amen! Amen! Amen!"</p> + <p>He wore on the day of the battle his admiral's frock coat, and on his left breast, + over his heart, four stars of the orders of honor, which had been conferred upon him. + Those around thought it was dangerous to wear his stars, lest he should be too + plainly seen by the enemy, but they were afraid to tell him so, because he had said, + "In honor I gained them, and in honor I will die with them."</p> + <a name="page113" id="page113"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 113]</span> + <p>The effect produced by the signal given by Lord Nelson, "England expects every man + to do his duty!" was wonderful; it ran from ship to ship, from man to man, from heart + to heart, like a train of gunpowder. Officers and men seemed animated with one + spirit, and that was a determination to win the day, or at least never to surrender + to the enemy.</p> + <p>The captains commanded on their quarterdecks; the boatswains in the forecastle; + the gunners attended to the magazines, and the carpenters with their plug-shots, put + themselves in readiness with high-wrought energy, nor were the seamen and marines a + whit behind hand in entering on their several duties. The guns, the tackle, the + round, grape, and canister-shot, the powder-boys, the captains of guns, with their + priming-boxes, and the officers with their drawn swords, cut an imposing appearance; + and the cock-pit would have made a rudy face turn pale.</p> + <p>The wounded are all taken down into the cock-pit. It will hardly bear thinking + about. But in the cockpit were laid out ready for use, wine, water, and surgeon's + instruments, with napkins, basins, sponges, and bandages.</p> + <a name="page114" id="page114"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 114]</span> + <p>The combined fleets of France and Spain, at Trafalgar, under Villenueve, the + French admiral, a brave and skilful man, were in the form of a crescent, and the two + British lines ran down upon them parallel to each other. As soon as the British van + was within gunshot the enemy opened their fire. The Royal Sovereign soon rounded to + under the stern of the Santa Anna, and Admiral Nelson's ship, the Victory, laid + herself on board the Redoubtable. From that moment the roaring of guns, the crash + against the sides of the ships, clouds of smoke, splintered yards, and falling masts, + were the order of the day.</p> + <p>The death warrant of the navy of France was signed and sealed by the fight of + Trafalgar. In the heat of the action, a ball, fired from the mizzen-top of the + Redoubtable, struck Admiral Nelson on the left shoulder, when he instantly fell. + "They have done for me, at last, Hardy," said he, to his captain.</p> + <p>Though mortally wounded, he gave some necessary direction concerning the ship, and + when carried below inquired earnestly how the battle went on. When he knew that the + victory had been gained—for twenty ships in all struck to the British + admiral—he expressed himself satisfied. "Now I am satisfied," said he; "thank + God, I have done my duty!" Many times he repeated this expression, and "Thank God I + have done my duty;" and "Kiss me, Hardy," were among the last words that were uttered + by his lips. Thus, with a heart full of patriotism, died the bravest commander, the + most vigilant seaman, and the most ardent friend of his country, that every led on a + British fleet to victory.</p> + <a name="page115" id="page115"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 115]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image66_full.png"><img src="images/image66_thumbnail.png" + alt="Death Of Nelson." /></a> + <p>Death Of Nelson.</p> + </div> + <a name="page117" id="page117"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 117]</span> + <p>Even amid the exultation of victory, a grateful country mourned his loss. A + bountiful provision was made for his family; a public funeral was awarded to his + remains, and monuments in the principal cities of his native land were erected to his + memory. A sorrowing nation lamented over his bier, and Britania, indeed, felt that + old England's defender was numbered with the dead.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="page118" id="page118"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 118]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image67_full.png"><img src="images/image67_thumbnail.png" + alt="Balboa Discovering The Pacific Ocean." /></a> + <p>Balboa Discovering The Pacific Ocean.</p> + </div> + <h2>DISCOVERY OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image68_full.png"><img src="images/image68_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>Vasco Nunes de Balboa, a Spaniard, as you see by his name, was born in 1475. He + was one of the adventurers who pursued the path which Columbus had pointed out. He + led a party of Spaniards, who going out from Darien founded a colony in the + neighboring regions. Some gold being found the Spaniards got into a violent + quarrel.</p> + <a name="page119" id="page119"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 119]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image69_full.png"><img src="images/image69_thumbnail.png" + alt="The Indian Chief Disgusted At The Spaniards." /></a> + <p>The Indian Chief Disgusted At The Spaniards.</p> + </div> + <p>One of the Indian chiefs being present, was so disgusted at this, that he struck + the scales with which they were weighing it so hard with his fist, that the gold was + scattered all about.</p> + <p>"Why," said he, "do you quarrel for such a trifle? If you really value gold so + highly, as to leave your own homes, and come and seize the lands and dwellings of + others for the sake of it, I can tell you of a land where you may find it in plenty. + Beyond those lofty mountains," said he, pointing to the south-west, "lies a mighty + sea, which people sail on with vessels almost as big as yours. All the streams that + flow from the other side of these mountains abound in gold, and all the utensils of + the people are made of gold."</p> + <a name="page120" id="page120"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 120]</span> + <p>This was enough for Balboa. He inquired of the Indian the best way of getting + across the mountains, to find this land of gold. The Indian kindly told him every + thing he knew, but at the same time warned him not to go over there, for the Indians + were many and were fierce, and would eat human flesh. But Balboa was not to be + discouraged. He collected a band of one hundred and ninety bold and hardy men, armed + with swords, targets, and cross-bows, and some blood-hounds, (for, strange to tell, + the Spaniards had trained fierce dogs to hunt the Indians, and even the mild Bilboa + was not ashamed to use them,) and so he set out on his expedition to the west.</p> + <a name="page121" id="page121"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 121]</span> + <p>Embarking with his men, September 1st, 1513, at the village of Darien, in a + brigantine and nine large canoes, he sailed along the coast to the north-west, to + Coyba, where the young Indian chief lived, and where the Isthmus of Darien is + narrowest. He had taken a few friendly Indians with him, as guides; and the young + chief furnished him with a few more on his arrival. Then leaving half his own men at + Coyba, to guard the brigantine and canoes, he began his march for the mountains, and + through the terrible wilderness.</p> + <p>It was the 6th of September. The heat was excessive, and the journey toilsome and + difficult. They had to climb rocky precipices, struggle through close and tangled + forests, and cross marshes, which the great rains had rendered almost impassable. + September 8th, they passed an Indian village at the foot of the mountains, but the + inhabitants did not molest them; on the contrary they fled into the forests.</p> + <p>Here some of the men became exhausted, from the great heat and travelling in the + marshes. These were sent back, by slow marches, in the care of guides, to Coyba. On + the 20th of September they again set forward.</p> + <a name="page122" id="page122"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 122]</span> + <p>The wilderness was so craggy, and the forest trees and underwood so matted + together, that in four days they only advanced about thirty miles, and they now began + to suffer from hunger. They also met with many rapid foaming streams, to cross some + of which they had to stop and build rafts.</p> + <p>Now it was that they met with a numerous tribe of Indians, who, armed with bows + and arrows, and clubs of palm wood, almost as hard as iron, gave them battle. But the + Spaniards, although comparatively few in numbers, with their fire-arms and + bloodhounds and the aid of the friendly Indians who were with them, soon put them to + flight, and took possession of their village. Balboa's men robbed the village of all + its gold and silver, and of every thing valuable in it; and even he himself, whose + heart the love of gold had begun already to harden, shared with his men the + plunder.</p> + <p>It was a dear bought victory, however; for though the Indians had lost six hundred + of their number in the contest, they could easily recruit their forces. But Balboa, + whose band was now reduced, by sickness and the contest, from ninety-five men to + sixty-seven, had no means of adding to their strength, but was forced to proceed with + what forces he had.</p> + <a name="page123" id="page123"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 123]</span> + <p>Early the next morning after the battle, they set out on their journey up the + mountain. About ten o'clock they came out of the tangled forest, and reached an open + space, where they enjoyed the cool breezes of the mountains. They now began to take a + little courage. Their joy was heightened still more, when they heard one of the + Indian guides exclaim, "The sea! the sea!"</p> + <p>Balboa commanded his men to stop; and resolving to be the first European who + should behold this new sea, he forbade his men to stir from their places till he + called them. Then ascending to the summit of the height, which the Indian had + mounted, he beheld the sea glittering in the morning sun.</p> + <p>Calling now upon his little troop to ascend the height, and view the noble + prospect along with him, "behold," said he, "the rich reward of our toil. This is a + sight upon which no Spaniard's eye ever before rested." And in their great joy the + leader and his men embraced each other.</p> + <a name="page124" id="page124"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 124]</span> + <p>Balboa then took possession of the sea and coast, and the surrounding country, in + the name of the King of Spain; and having cut down a tree, and made it into the form + of a cross—for they were Catholics—he set it up on the very spot where he + first beheld the grand Pacific Ocean. He also made a high mound, by heaping up large + stones, upon which he carved the king's name. This was on September 26th, 1513.</p> + <p>Not content with seeing the ocean, Balboa determined to visit it. Arriving, after + much toil, at one of the bays on the coast, he called it St. Michael's Bay. Coming to + a beach a mile or two long, "If this is a sea," said he, "it will soon be covered + with water; let us wait and see if there be a tide." So he seated himself under a + tree, and the water soon began to flow. He tasted it and found it salt; and then + waded up to his knees in it, and took possession of it in the name of his king.</p> + <a name="page126" id="page126"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 126]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image70_full.png"><img src="images/image70_thumbnail.png" + alt="Death Of Balboa." /></a> + <p>Death Of Balboa.</p> + </div> + <a name="page127" id="page127"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 127]</span> + <p>Balboa's heart was now so lifted up by success, and his whole nature so changed, + that he was ready to fight and destroy every Indian tribe that opposed his progress. + But he had not always the best of it. On one occasion he was lost, with one or two + followers, and having been seized by some natives, carried immediately before their + cazique, or chief. He was seated on a raised seat, covered with a panther's skin, and + bore a single feather of the vulture upon his head. Beside him stood his slaves, to + fan him, and screen his head from the sun, and around him warriors, with the sculls + of their enemies fixed upon their spears: which made the whole scene very + horrible.</p> + <p>Balboa humbled himself before the chief; and taking off his coat, profusely + decorated, offered it as a peace offering. The cazique would not accept it, but said, + "You are poor and desolate—I am rich and powerful. I will not hurt you, though + you are my enemy." He then ordered him safe conduct through the forests; and Balboa + regained his own people, the Spaniards, in safety. This escape softened Balboa's + heart, and he never afterwards treated the Indians with the same severity.</p> + <a name="page128" id="page128"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 128]</span> + <p>After many victories, and many other singular escapes, he returned back to Coyba. + But the sufferings of his men, in returning, were extreme, for want both of water and + provisions. The streams were most of them dried up, and provisions could not be + found. Gold they indeed had, almost as much as they could carry, and the Indians kept + bringing them more; but this they could not eat or drink, and it would not buy what + was not to be bought.</p> + <p>He arrived at Darien after about two months' absence, having lost nearly all his + men, by war and sickness. His discovery made a great noise, and procured him much + honor, but he did not live to enjoy it.</p> + <p>A new governor was appointed in his place, who, having a mortal hatred to Balboa, + threw him into prison, and, after a mock trial, had him beheaded, in 1517, in his + 48th year.</p> + <a name="page130" id="page130"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 130]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image71_full.png"><img src="images/image71_thumbnail.png" + alt="Admiral Keppel." /></a> + <p>Admiral Keppel.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page131" id="page131"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 131]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image72_full.png"><img src="images/image72_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>ADMIRAL KEPPEL AND THE DEY OF ALGIERS.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image73_full.png"><img src="images/image73_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>When Admiral Keppel was sent to the Dey of Algiers, to demand restitution of two + ships which the pirates had taken, he sailed with his squadron into the Bay of + Algiers, and cast anchor in front of the Dey's <a name="page132" + id="page132"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 132]</span> palace. He then landed, and, + attended only by his captain and barge's crew, demanded an immediate audience of the + Dey. This being granted, he claimed full satisfaction for the injuries done to the + subjects of his Britannic Majesty. Surprised and enraged at the boldness of the + admiral's remonstrance, the Dey exclaimed, "that he wondered at the English King's + insolence in sending him a foolish, beardless boy." A well-timed reply from the + admiral made the Dey forget the laws of all nations in respect to ambassadors, and he + ordered his mutes to attend with the bow-string, at the same time telling the admiral + he should pay for his audacity with his life. Unmoved by this menace, the admiral + took the Dey to the window facing the bay, and showed him the English fleet riding at + anchor, and told him that if he dared put him to death there were men enough in that + fleet to make him a glorious funeral-pile. The Dey was wise enough to take the hint. + The admiral obtained ample restitution, and came off in safety.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="page134" id="page134"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 134]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image74_full.png"><img src="images/image74_thumbnail.png" + alt="Loss Of The Cataraque" /></a> + <p>Loss Of The Cataraque</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page135" id="page135"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 135]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image75_full.png"><img src="images/image75_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>LOSS OF THE CATARAQUE.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image76_full.png"><img src="images/image76_thumbnail.png" + alt="Admiral Keppel." /></a> + </div> + <p>The Cataraque, Captain C.W. Findlay, sailed from Liverpool, on the 20th of April, + 1849, with three hundred and sixty emigrants, and a crew including two doctors, + (brothers,) of forty-six souls. The emigrants were principally from Bedfordshire, + Staffordshire, Yorkshire, and Northamptonshire. About one hundred and twenty of the + passengers were married, with families, and in all seventy-three children.</p> + <a name="page136" id="page136"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 136]</span> + <p>On the 3d of August, at seven o'clock in the evening, the ship was hove to, and + continued lying to until three A.M. of the 4th. At half past four, being quite dark, + and raining hard, blowing a fearful gale, the ship struck on a reef, situated on the + west coast of King's Island, at the entrance of Bass's Straights.</p> + <p>Immediately after the ship struck, she was sounded, and it was ascertained that + there was four feet of water in the hold. An awful scene of confusion and misery + ensued. All the passengers attempted to rush upon deck, and many succeeded in doing + so, until the heaving of the vessel knocked down the ladders, when the shrieks from + below, calling on those on deck to assist them were terrific. The crew were on deck + the moment the ship struck, and were instantly employed in handing up the passengers. + Up to the time the vessel began breaking up, the crew succeeded in getting upwards of + three hundred passengers on deck. But a terrible fate awaited the greater part of + them.</p> + <a name="page137" id="page137"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 137]</span> + <p>The day dawned. The stern of the vessel was found to be washed in, and numerous + dead bodies were found floating round the ship; some clinging to the rocks which they + had grasped in despair. About two hundred of the passengers and crew held on to the + vessel, although the raging sea was breaking over her, and every wave washed some of + them to a watery grave. In this manner, kindred were separated, while those who + remained could only expect the same fate to reach them. Things continued in this + condition until four in the afternoon, when the vessel parted amidships, at the fore + part of the main rigging, and immediately between seventy and a hundred persons were + thrown into the waves. Thus the insatiable ocean swallowed its prey piece-meal. About + five, the wreck parted by the fore-rigging, and so many persons were thrown into the + sea, that only seventy were left on the forecastle, they being lashed to the wreck. + Even these were gradually diminished in number, some giving out from exhaustion, and + others anticipating fate, by drowning themselves.</p> + <a name="page138" id="page138"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 138]</span> + <p>When day dawned, on the following morning, only about thirty persons were left + alive, and these were almost exhausted. The sea was making a clean breach into the + forecastle, the deck of which was rapidly breaking up. Parents and children, husbands + and wives, were seen floating around the vessel, many in an embrace, which even the + ocean's power could not sunder. The few who remained alive could only look up to + heaven for a hope of safety. Soon after daylight, the vessel totally disappeared, and + out of four hundred and twenty-three persons who had been on board the vessel, only + nine were saved by being washed on shore, and these were nearly exhausted.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image77_full.png"><img src="images/image77_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page140" id="page140"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 140]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image78_full.png"><img src="images/image78_thumbnail.png" + alt="Loss Of The Francis Spaight." /></a> + <p>Loss Of The Francis Spaight.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page141" id="page141"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 141]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image79_full.png"><img src="images/image79_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>LOSS OF THE FRANCIS SPAIGHT.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image80_full.png"><img src="images/image80_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>On the morning of the 7th of January, 1848, the barque Francis Spaight, lying in + Table Bay, at the Cape of Good Hope, parted her anchor, and in attempting to beat + out, grounded, broadside on the beach. The gale at the time she struck was furious, + and the surf tremendous, making a clean breach over the vessel, carrying away the + bulwark, long boat, main hatch, and part of the deck, with one of the crew.</p> + <a name="page142" id="page142"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 142]</span> + <p>The shore was thronged with the inhabitants of Cape Town, anxious for the fate of + the vessel. An attempt was made to send a rope from the land to the wreck, but the + rope broke. Rockets were fired with lines attached, and one was thrown across the + foremast stay, where none of the men could reach it, on account of the fearful + rolling of the sea. After some extraordinary delay, a whale boat was brought from the + town, and manned by six daring fellows, who dashed through the surf, and were soon + alongside the vessel.</p> + <p>All except the carpenter, fifteen in number, got into the boat, and pushed off. At + this moment a terrific sea upset the boat, and twenty-one persons were struggling in + the surf for life. The people on the beach were horror-stricken; and men on horseback + were seen plunging into the sea, risking their lives to save their fellow-creatures; + but eighteen sunk to rise no more. The masts of the vessel fell with a tremendous + crash, but the carpenter still clung to the wreck. At length a surf-boat, towed by a + smaller one, proceeded towards the wreck. One of these boats was capsized, and two + lives lost. But the carpenter was rescued. This man, (James Robertson,) and John + McLeod, seaman, were all of the crew that reached the shore. The inhabitants of Cape + Town were all anxiety in regard to the fate of the vessel; and those daring heroes + who sacrificed themselves for the sake of their fellow men were worthy of a monument + as lofty as those erected to the bravest warriors.</p> + <a name="page143" id="page143"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 143]</span> + <p>The place where the Francis Spaight went ashore had been, a short time previous, + the scene of a far more terrible disaster. This was the wreck of the ship Waterloo, + by which two hundred persons were lost, in spite of the most extraordinary and heroic + exertions on the part of the inhabitants of Cape Town.</p> + <a name="page144" id="page144"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 144]</span> + <p>The bay is very much exposed to storms, and its shores are particulary dangerous, + on account of their shelving character. The Francis Spaight had just put into the bay + for the purpose of obtaining a supply of provisions, and it was intended that she + should sail the next day. But the Ruler of the elements intended it otherwise. Her + cargo was nearly a total loss.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image81_full.png"><img src="images/image81_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page145" id="page145"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 145]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image82_full.png"><img src="images/image82_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>LOSS OF THE GOLDEN RULE.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image83_full.png"><img src="images/image83_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>The ship Golden Rule, Captain Austin, sailed from Wiscasset, with a cargo of + timber, September, 8, 1807.</p> + <p>On the 29th, she experienced a severe gale from the south-east; and at eight + o'clock, A.M., they discovered that she had sprung a leak, and had four feet of water + in her hold; at nine it had increased to eight feet, notwithstanding they had two + pumps going, and were throwing her deck load overboard, which they were enabled to do + very slowly, from the sea driving the planks about the deck, and wounding the + crew.</p> + <a name="page146" id="page146"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 146]</span> + <p>About ten o'clock, the water had risen to twelve feet, and the gale had also + evidently increased; the crew and all on board were quite exhausted; and on going + into the cabin they found she was welling fast. The main and mizzen masts were now + cut away, to prevent her upsetting, and she was quite clear of her deck load. At + eleven o'clock she was full up to her main deck, and all her bulk heads were knocked + away.</p> + <p>It now occurred to some of the crew, to endeavor to save some bread; and Mr. Boyd, + the first mate, with great resolution, went into the cabin and gave out some bread, + and two bottles of rum; but so rapidly did she fill, from the timber of her cargo + shifting, that he was forced to break through the sky-light to save himself. Their + small stock of provisions was now put into the binnacle, as a secure place. It had + been there but a few minutes, when a tremendous sea struck them, and carried away the + binnacle.</p> + <a name="page147" id="page147"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 147]</span> + <p>They had now little hope left—the wheel was broken, and they proceeded to + secure themselves as well as they could, some in the fore-top, and the rest were + lashing themselves to the taffrail; before they could accomplish the latter plan, + another sea, if possible, more heavy than the former, hurried them all from their + places, and washed two of the men overboard; they were seen swimming for the ship, a + short time, when a wave hurried them from the sight of their lamenting comrades.</p> + <p>They now endeavored to keep the ship before the wind, which they were partially + enabled to do through the night. The next day another man died from cold and + hunger.</p> + <p>The deck was now blown up, and her side stove in, all hands had given themselves + up, when, on the 30th at noon, they were roused by the cry of "a sail!" and they had + the satisfaction to see her bear down for them. She was the brig George, of Portland; + and Captain Wildridge sent his long-boat to take them from the wreck.</p> + <a name="page148" id="page148"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 148]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image84_full.png"><img src="images/image84_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page149" id="page149"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 149]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image85_full.png"><img src="images/image85_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>DANGERS OF WHALING SHIPS AMONG ICE BERGS.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image86_full.png"><img src="images/image86_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>The masses of ice by which the ocean is traversed assume a vast variety of shapes, + but may be comprehended in two general classes. The first consists of sheets of ice, + analogous to those which annually cover the the lakes and rivers of northern lands. + They present a surface which is <a name="page150" id="page150"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 150]</span> generally level, but here and there diversified by + projections, called <i>hummocks</i>, which arise from the ice having been thrown up + by some pressure or force to which it has been subject. Sheets of ice, which are so + large that their whole extent of surface cannot be seen from the masthead of a + vessel, are called <i>fields</i>. They have sometimes an area of more than a hundred + square miles, and rise above the level of the sea from two to eight feet. When a + piece of ice, though of a considerable size, can be distinguished in its extent, it + is termed a <i>floe</i>. A number of sheets, large or small, joining each other, and + stretching out in any particular direction, constitute a <i>stream</i>. Captain Cook + found a stream extending across Behring's Straits, connecting eastern Asia with the + western extremity of North America. Owing to the vast extent of some fields of ice, + they would undoubtedly be conducted to a lower latitude in the Atlantic before their + dissolution, under the influence of a warmer climate, but for the intervention of + other causes. It frequently <a name="page151" id="page151"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 151]</span> happens that two masses are propelled against each + other, and are both shivered into fragments by the violence of the concussion. The + ordinary swell of the ocean also acts with tremendous power upon a large tract, + especially when it has been so thawed as to have become thin, and breaks it up into a + thousand smaller pieces in a very short period. The danger of being entrapped between + two ice-fields coming into contact with each other is one of the perils which the + navigator has frequently to encounter in the northern seas; and fatal to his vessel + and his life has the occurrence often been, while in a vast number of instances + escape has seemed almost miraculous.</p> + <p>"At half-past six," says Captain Ross, relating to his first voyage of discovery, + in the Isabella, to the arctic regions, with Captain Parry, in the Alexander, "the + ice began to move, and, the wind increasing to a gale, the only chance left for us + was to endeavor to force the ship through it to the north, where it partially opened; + but the channel was so much obstructed by heavy fragments, that our utmost efforts + were ineffectual; the ice closed in upon us, and at noon we felt its pressure most + severely. A large floe, which lay on one side of the Isabella, appeared to be fixed; + while, on the other side, another of considerable bulk was passing along with a rapid + motion, assuming a somewhat circular direction, in consequence of one side having + struck on the fixed field. The pressure continuing to increase, it became doubtful + whether the ship would be able to sustain it; every support threatened to give way, + the beams in the hold began to bend, and the iron tanks settled together.</p> + <a name="page152" id="page152"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 152]</span> + <p>"At this critical moment, when it seemed impossible for us to bear the + accumulating pressure much longer, the hull rose several feet; while the ice, which + was more than six feet thick, broke against the sides, curling back on itself. The + great stress now fell upon our bow; and, after being again lifted up, we were carried + with great violence towards the Alexander which had hitherto been, in a great + measure, defended by <a name="page153" id="page153"></a><span class="newpage">[pg + 153]</span> the Isabella. Every effort to avoid their getting foul of each other + failed; the ice-anchors and cables broke one after another; and the sterns of the two + ships came so violently into contact, as to crush to pieces a boat that could not be + removed in time. The collision was tremendous, the anchors and chain-plates being + broken, and nothing less than the loss of the masts expected; but at this eventful + instant, by the interposition of Providence, the force of the ice seemed exhausted; + the two fields suddenly receded, and we passed the Alexander with comparatively + little damage. A clear channel soon after opened, and we ran into a pool, thus + escaping the immediate danger; but the fall of snow being very heavy, our situation + still remained doubtful, nor could we conjecture whether we were yet in a place of + safety. Neither the masters, the mates, nor those men who had been all their lives in + the Greenland service, had ever experienced such imminent peril; and they declared, + that a common whaler must have been crushed to atoms."</p> + <a name="page154" id="page154"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 154]</span> + <p>Captain Scoresby relates a similar narrow escape from destruction owing to the + same cause. "In the year 1804," he observes, "I had an opportunity of witnessing the + effects produced by the lesser masses in motion. Passing between two fields of ice + newly formed, about a foot in thickness, they were observed rapidly to approach each + other, and, before our ship could pass the strait, they met with a velocity of three + or four miles per hour. The one overlaid the other, and presently covered many acres + of surface. The ship proving an obstacle to the course of the ice, it squeezed up on + both sides, shaking her in a dreadful manner, and producing a loud grinding or + lengthened acute trembling noise, according as the degree of pressure was diminished + or increased, until it had risen as high as the deck. After about two hours the + motion ceased, and soon afterwards the two sheets of ice receded from each other + nearly as rapidly as they had before advanced. The ship in this case did not receive + any injury; but, had the ice only been half a foot thicker, she might have been + wrecked." Other navigators have not been so fortunate; and the annual loss of whaling + vessels in the polar seas is considerable, the Dutch having had as many as + seventy-three sail of ships wrecked in one season. Between the years 1669 and 1778, + both inclusive, or a period of one hundred and seven years, they sent to the + Greenland fishery fourteen thousand one hundred and sixty-seven ships, of which five + hundred and sixty-one, or about four in the hundred, were lost.</p> + <a name="page155" id="page155"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 155]</span> + <p>Every one will remember the intense and mournful interest occasioned by the loss + of the President steamer which left New York in the year 1841 to cross the Atlantic, + but perished in the passage, without leaving a survivor to tell the story of her + fate. It has been deemed highly probable that this vessel got entangled in the ice, + and was destroyed by collision with its masses; for during that year, in the month of + April, the Great Western steamer encountered a field extending upwards of a hundred + miles in one direction, surrounded with an immense number of floes and bergs, and had + great difficulty in effecting its passage by this floating continent in safety.</p> + <a name="page156" id="page156"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 156]</span> + <p>Another form under which the ice appears in the ocean is that of bergs, which + differ from the ice-fields in shape and origin. They are masses projecting to a great + height above the surface of the water, and have the appearance of chalk or marble + cliffs and mountains upon the deep. They have been seen with an elevation of two + hundred feet—a circumference of two miles: and it has been shown by experiments + on the buoyancy of ice floating in sea water, that the proportion above the surface + is only about one-seventh of the thickness of the whole mass. During the first + expedition of Ross, he found an ice berg in Baffin's Bay, at a distance of seven + leagues from the land, which was measured by a party under Lieutenant Parry. + Considerable difficulty was experienced in the attempt to land, as, in rowing round + the berg, they found it perpendicular in every place but one. When they had ascended + to the <a name="page157" id="page157"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 157]</span> top, + which was perfectly flat, they discovered a white bear in quiet possession of the + mass, who plunged into the sea without hesitation, and effected his escape. The party + found the ice berg to be four thousand one hundred and sixty-nine yards long, three + thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine yards broad, and fifty-one feet high, being + aground in sixty-one fathoms. Its appearance was like that of the back of the Isle of + Wight, and the cliffs resembled those of the chalk range to the west of Dover. The + weight of this mass was calculated to amount to one billion two hundred and ninety + two millions three hundred and ninety seven thousand six hundred and seventy-three + tons.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image87_full.png"><img src="images/image87_thumbnail.png" + alt="A White Bear." /></a> + <p>A White Bear.</p> + </div> + <a name="page158" id="page158"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 158]</span> + <p>An ice berg examined by Captain Graah, on the east coast of Greenland, rose one + hundred and twenty feet out of the water, had a circumference of four thousand feet + at the base, and its solid contents were estimated to be upwards of nine hundred + millions of cubic feet. When viewed at a distance, nothing can be more interesting + than the appearance of a considerable number of these formations, exhibiting an + infinite variety of shape, and requiring no stretch of imagination to convert them + into a series of floating towers, castles, churches, obelisks, and pyramids, or a + snowy range of Alpine heights. No pencil, an observer has remarked, has ever given + any thing like the true effect of an ice berg. In a picture they are huge, uncouth + masses, stuck in the sea; while their chief beauty and grandeur—their slow + stately motion, the whirling of the snow about their summits, and the fearful + crackling of their parts—they cannot give. The ice of the bergs is compact and + solid, or of a fine green tint verging to blue; and large pieces may be frequently + obtained, equal to the most beautiful crystal in transparency. It is stated by + Scoresby, that with a portion of this ice, of by no means regular convexity, used as + a burning lens, he has frequently burnt wood, fired gunpowder, melted lead, and lit + the sailors' pipes, to their no small astonishment, the ice itself remaining in the + mean while perfectly fixed and pellucid.</p> + <a name="page159" id="page159"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 159]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image88_full.png"><img src="images/image88_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page160" id="page160"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 160]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image89_full.png"><img src="images/image89_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>MASSACRE OF THE CREW OF THE ATAHUALPA.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image90_full.png"><img src="images/image90_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>The Atahualpa, of Boston, left that port in August, 1803, bound to the north-west + coast of America, for the purpose of trading with the natives. She arrived on the + coast in the month of January, 1804; and, after visiting the several islands, and + purchasing skins, on the 5th of June, 1805, weighed anchor from Chockokee, on the + north-west coast, and made sail. On the 8th, arrived at Millbank sound, and came to + an anchor within musket-shot of the village. Soon after her arrival, the chief of the + Indians, by the name of Keite, came off to the ship, with some of his tribe, and + informed the captain that the Caroline, Captain Sturgess, had sailed from thence ten + days before.</p> + <a name="page161" id="page161"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 161]</span> + <p>On the 11th, the chief came off again, with his tribe, and another tribe that was + there, and traded very briskly till towards night, when becoming very insolent, they + were all turned out of the ship.</p> + <p>On the 13th, Keite and his tribe came on board in the morning, and seemed much + more desirous to trade than before, which Captain Porter was very glad to see. The + chief mate and two of the ship's company, were then engaged in ripping the main-sail + in pieces, on the quarter-deck; the second mate with two hands was repairing the + top-sail; two on the starboard side of the main-deck, spinning spun yarn; two more on + the forecastle, making sinnet; two more on the larboard side of the main-deck, + running shot in the armorer's forge; the cooper was making tubs; the cook, and + captain's steward in the galley, at their duty; and all hands, as usual, employed on + the ship's duty; the armorer was in the steerage, and the boatswain in the cabin; + Captain Porter, Mr. Ratstraw, his clerk, and Mr. Lyman Plummer, (nephew of Theodore + Lyman, Esq. of Boston, ship owner,) were standing on the larboard side of the + quarter-deck, abreast of the cabin hatchway.</p> + <a name="page162" id="page162"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 162]</span> + <p>The chief, Keite, stood leaning on the rail, and called Captain Porter to look at + the skins that were in the canoe, alongside the ship; the captain accordingly went to + look over the side, when the chief, with some more Indians, laid hold of him, and + gave a shout. Immediately all the Indians alongside of the canoe, and those on board, + armed with daggers, pistols, pikes, and other weapons, seized every man on deck, who + were totally unprepared for so sudden an attack. A most dreadful and sanguinary + contest immediately took place; when, after a short but bloody engagement of about + five minutes, the deck was immediately cleared of them.</p> + <a name="page163" id="page163"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 163]</span> + <p>There were about two hundred Indians, it is supposed, on board at this time; they + first daggered Captain Porter several times in the back, put him in a canoe + alongside, and carried him on shore; and, as we were afterwards informed by Captain + Smith, of the ship Mary, of Boston, who was informed by the New Hecta tribe, was by + them tied to a tree, in which unhappy and miserable situation he languished fifteen + days, refusing every species of nourishment offered him by these savages, occasioned + by his grief at this unfortunate accident.</p> + <p>Previous to this fatal business, there were twenty-three hands on board; ten of + whom were barbarously killed, and nine wounded. Among the killed were, Captain Oliver + Porter, Mr. John Hill, chief mate; Daniel Gooding, second mate; John D. Katstraw, + captain's clerk; Mr. Lyman Plummer, Peter Shooner, Luther Lapham, Samuel Lapham, + seamen; Isaac Lammes, cooper; and John Williams, cook. Mr. Lyman Plummer survived + about two hours after he was wounded. The cook, who was most shockingly cut and + mangled, languished till about six o'clock the next morning.</p> + <a name="page164" id="page164"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 164]</span> + <p>Among the wounded were, Ebenezer Baker, seaman, most dangerously, with daggers, he + having two stabs in his left thigh, one in his groin, one in his back, one in his + breast, and one in his neck; Henry Thompson, seaman, very dangerously, with daggers, + having one wound on the right side, one on the left shoulder, another on the left + arm, and two or three smaller ones on the same arm, one on the right temple, and + another on the left cheek; Ebenezer Williams, seaman, had three wounds in his thigh, + with daggers,—two on his back, and one on the right shoulder with a + boarding-pike; Luke Bates, seamen, one wound on the right shoulder with a + boarding-pike; Joseph Robinson, carpenter, wounded on the left breast; Thomas + Edwards, steward, stabbed on the left shoulder; W. Walker had two stabs, with + daggers, in his back.</p> + <a name="page165" id="page165"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 165]</span> + <p>After the deck was cleared of these sanguinary savages, several guns were fired at + the village, the sails were loosened, stream-cable cut, and the ship put to sea. The + same night they got under weigh, seven large war-canoes hove in sight, with about + thirty Indians in each. In this deplorable condition, with only four or five hands on + board capable of duty, the Atahualpa shaped her course for New Heita; but the wind + chopping round, put about, and stood to the westward.</p> + <p>On the 17th, it was thought time to bury the dead, when, after having sewed them + up, and got them ready for interment, prayers were read. They were then buried in + Queen Charlotte's Sound.</p> + <p>It cannot be ascertained with any degree of accuracy, how many of the Indians were + killed in this dreadful contest. It is supposed, however, that the number must have + exceeded forty; for a large canoe being under the ship's bow, with about twenty + Indians in her, who were cutting a cable, a swivel and several muskets were fired + into her, and but one of the Indians reached the shore in safety.</p> + <a name="page166" id="page166"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 166]</span> + <p>During the conflict with the savages, there were two barrels of powder unheaded, + and a loaded pistol prepared and given to a person who stood ready, should they get + into the cabin, and secure to themselves the ship, to fire into it, and blow the + whole up, preferring to die in that manner rather than fall into the hands of such + merciless wretches.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image91_full.png"><img src="images/image91_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page168" id="page168"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 168]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image92_full.png"><img src="images/image92_thumbnail.png" + alt="Shipwreck Of The Blendenhall." /></a> + <p>Shipwreck Of The Blendenhall.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page169" id="page169"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 169]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image93_full.png"><img src="images/image93_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>SHIPWRECK OF THE BLENDENHALL.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image94_full.png"><img src="images/image94_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>In the year 1821, the Blendenhall, free trader, bound from England for Bombay, + partly laden with broad-cloths, was proceeding on her voyage with every prospect of a + successful issue. While thus pursuing her way through the Atlantic, she was + unfortunately driven from her course, by <a name="page170" id="page170"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 170]</span> adverse winds and currents, more to the southward and + westward than was required, and it became desirable to reach the island of Tristan + d'Acunha, in order to ascertain and rectify the reckoning. This island, which is + called after the Portuguese admiral who first discovered it, is one of a group of + three, the others being the Inaccessible and Nightingale Islands, situated many + hundreds of miles from any land, and in a south-westerly direction from the Cape of + Good Hope. The shores are rugged and precipitous in the extreme, and form, perhaps, + the most dangerous coast upon which any vessel could be driven.</p> + <a name="page171" id="page171"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 171]</span> + <p>It was while steering to reach this group of islands, that, one morning, a + passenger on board the Blendenhall, who chanced to be upon deck earlier than usual, + observed great quantities of sea-weed occasionally floating alongside. This excited + some alarm, and a man was immediately sent aloft to keep a good look-out. The weather + was then extremely hazy, though moderate; the weeds continued; all were on the alert; + they shortened sail, and the boatswain piped for breakfast. In less than ten minutes, + "breakers ahead!" startled every soul, and in a moment all were on deck. "Breakers + starboard! breakers larboard! breakers all around," was the ominous cry a moment + afterwards, and all was confusion. The words were scarcely uttered, when, and before + the helm was up, the ill-fated ship struck, and after a few tremendous shocks against + the sunken reef, she parted about mid-ship. Ropes and stays were cut away—all + rushed forward, as if instinctively, and had barely reached the forecastle, when the + stern and quarter-deck broke asunder with a violent crash, and sunk to rise no more. + Two of the seamen miserably perished—the rest, including officers, passengers + and crew, held on about the head and bows—the struggle was for life!</p> + <a name="page172" id="page172"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 172]</span> + <p>At this moment, the Inaccessible Island, which till then had been veiled in thick + clouds and mist, appeared frowning above the haze. The wreck was more than two miles + from the frightful shore. The base of the island was still buried in impenetrable + gloom. In this perilous extremity, one was for cutting away the anchor, which had + been got up to the cat-head in time of need; another was for cutting down the + foremast (the foretop-mast being already by the board.) The fog totally disappeared, + and the black rocky island stood in all its rugged deformity before their eyes. + Suddenly the sun broke out in full splendor, as if to expose more clearly to the view + of the sufferers their dreadful predicament. Despair was in every bosom—death, + arrayed in all its terrors, seemed to hover over the wreck. But exertion was + required, and every thing that human energy could devise was effected. The wreck, on + which all eagerly clung, was fortunately drifted by the tide and wind between ledges + of sunken rocks and thundering breakers, until, after the lapse of several hours, it + entered the only spot on the island where a landing was possibly practicable, for all + the other parts of the coast consisted of perpendicular cliffs of granite, rising + from <a name="page173" id="page173"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 173]</span> amidst + the deafening surf to the height of twenty, forty, and sixty feet. As the shore was + neared, a raft was prepared, and on this a few paddled for the cove. At last the + wreck drove right in: ropes were instantly thrown out, and the crew and passengers, + (except two who had been crushed in the wreck,) including three ladies and a female + attendant, were snatched from the watery grave, which a few short hours before had + appeared inevitable, and safely landed on the beach. Evening had now set in, and + every effort was made to secure whatever could be saved from the wreck. Bales of + cloth, cases of wine, a few boxes of cheese, some hams, the carcass of a milch cow + that had been washed on shore, buckets, tubs, butts, a seaman's chest, (containing a + tinder-box and needles and thread,) with a number of elegant mahogany turned + bed-posts, and part of an investment for the India market, were got on shore. The + rain poured down in torrents—all hands were busily at work to procure shelter + from the weather; and with the bed-posts and broad-cloths, and part of the foresail, + as many tents were soon pitched as there were individuals on the island.</p> + <a name="page174" id="page174"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 174]</span> + <p>Drenched with the sea and with the rain, hungry, cold, and comfortless, thousands + of miles from their native land, almost beyond expectation of human succor, hope + nearly annihilated,—the shipwrecked voyagers retired to their tents. In the + morning the wreck had gone to pieces; and planks, and spars, and whatever had floated + in, were eagerly dragged on shore. No sooner was the unfortunate ship broken up, than + deeming themselves freed from the bonds of authority, many began to secure whatever + came to land: and the captain, officers, passengers, and crew, were now reduced to + the same level, and obliged to take their turn to fetch water, and explore the island + for food. The work of exploring was soon over—there was not a bird, nor a + quadruped, nor a single tree to be seen. All was barren and desolate. The low parts + were scattered over with stones and sand, and a few stunted weeds, rocks, ferns, and + other plants. The top <a name="page175" id="page175"></a><span class="newpage">[pg + 175]</span> of the mountain was found to consist of a fragment of original + table-land, very marshy, and full of deep sloughs, intersected with small rills of + water, pure and pellucid as crystal, and a profusion of wild parsley and celery. The + prospect was one dreary scene of destitution, without a single ray of hope to relieve + the misery of the desponding crew. After some days, the dead cow, hams, and cheese, + were consumed; and from one end of the island to the other, not a morsel of food + could be seen. Even the celery began to fail. A few bottles of wine, which, for + security had been secreted under ground, only remained. Famine now began to threaten. + Every stone near the sea was examined for shell-fish, but in vain.</p> + <a name="page176" id="page176"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 176]</span> + <p>In this dreadful extremity, and while the half-famished seamen were at night + squatting in sullen dejection round their fires, a large lot of sea-birds, allured by + the flames, rushed into the midst of them, and were greedily laid hold of as fast as + they could be seized. For several nights in succession, similar flocks came in; and + by multiplying their fires a considerable supply was secured. These visits, however, + ceased at length, and the wretched party were exposed again to the most severe + privation. When their stock of wild fowl had been exhausted for more than two days, + each began to fear they were now approaching that sad point of necessity, when, + between death and casting lots who should be sacrificed to serve for food for the + rest, no alternative remained. While horror at the bare contemplation of an extremity + so repulsive occupied the thoughts of all, the horizon was observed to be suddenly + obscured, and presently clouds of penguin alighted on the island. The low grounds + were actually covered; and before the evening was dark, the sand could not be seen + for the number of eggs, which, like a sheet of snow, lay on the surface of the earth. + The penguins continued on the island four or five days, when, as if by signal, the + whole took their flight, and were never seen again. A few were killed, but the flesh + was so extremely rank and nauseous that it could not be eaten. The eggs <a + name="page177" id="page177"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 177]</span> were collected + and dressed in all manner of ways, and supplied abundance of food for upwards of + three weeks. At the expiration of that period, famine once more seemed inevitable; + the third morning began to dawn upon the unfortunate company after their stock of + eggs were exhausted; they had now been without food for more than forty hours, and + were fainting and dejected; when, as though this desolate rock were really a land of + miracles, a man came running up to the encampment with the unexpected and joyful + tidings that "millions of sea-cows had come on shore." The crew climbed over the + ledge of rocks that flanked their tents, and the sight of a shoal of manatees + immediately beneath them gladdened their hearts. These came in with the flood, and + were left in the puddles between the broken rocks of the cove. This supply continued + for two or three weeks. The flesh was mere blubber, and quite unfit for food, for not + a man could retain it on his stomach; but the liver was excellent, and on this they + subsisted. In the meantime, the carpenter with his <a name="page178" + id="page178"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 178]</span> gang had constructed a boat, + and four of the men had adventured in her for Tristan d'Acunha, in hopes of + ultimately extricating their fellow-sufferers from their perilous situation. + Unfortunately the boat was lost—whether carried away by the violence of the + currents that set in between the islands, or dashed to pieces against the breakers, + was never known, for no vestige of the boat or crew was ever seen. Before the + manatees, however, began to quit the shore, a second boat was launched; and in this + an officer and some seamen made a second attempt, and happily succeeded in effecting + a landing, after much labor, on the island, where they were received with much + cordiality and humanity by Governor Glass—a personage whom it will be necessary + to describe.</p> + <a name="page179" id="page179"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 179]</span> + <p>Tristan d'Acunha is believed to have been uninhabited until 1811, when three + Americans took up their residence upon it, for the purpose of cultivating vegetables, + and selling the produce, particularly potatoes, to vessels which might touch there on + their way to India, the Cape, or other parts in the southern ocean. These Americans + remained its only inhabitants till 1816, when, on Bonaparte being sent to St. Helena, + the British government deemed it expedient to garrison the island, and sent the + Falmouth man-of-war with a colony of forty persons, which arrived in the month of + August. At this time the chief of the American settlers was dead, and two only + survived; but what finally became of these we are not informed. The British garrison + was soon given up, the colony abandoned, and all returned to the Cape of Good Hope, + except a person named Glass, a Scotchman, who had been corporal of artillery, and his + wife, a Cape Creole. One or two other families afterwards joined them, and thus the + foundation of a nation on a small scale was formed; Mr. Glass, with the title and + character of governor, like a second Robinson Crusoe, being the undisputed chief and + lawgiver of the whole. On being visited in 1825, by Mr. Augustus Earle, the little + colony was found to be on the <a name="page180" id="page180"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 180]</span> increase, a considerable number of children having + been born since the period of settlement. The different families inhabited a small + village, consisting of cottages covered with thatch made of the long grass of the + island, and exhibiting an air of comfort, cleanliness, and plenty, truly English.</p> + <p>It was to this island that the boat's crew of the Blendenhall had bent their + course, and its principal inhabitant, Governor Glass, showed them every mark of + attention, not only on the score of humanity, but because they were fellow-subjects + of the same power—for, be it known, Glass did not lay claim to independent + monarchy, but always prayed publicly for King George as his lawful sovereign. On + learning the situation of the crew, on Inaccessible Island, he instantly launched his + boat, and unawed by considerations of personal danger, hastened, at the risk of his + life, to deliver his shipwrecked countrymen from the calamities they had so long + endured. He made repeated trips, surmounted all difficulties, and fortunately + succeeded in safely landing them on his own island, after they had been exposed for + nearly three months to the horrors of a situation almost unparalleled in the recorded + sufferings of seafaring men.</p> + <a name="page181" id="page181"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 181]</span> + <p>After being hospitably treated by Glass and his company for three months, the + survivors obtained a passage to the Cape, all except a young sailor named White, who + had formed an attachment to one of the servant girls on board, and who, in all the + miseries which had been endured, had been her constant protector and companion; + whilst gratitude on her part prevented her wishing to leave him. Both chose to + remain, and were forthwith adopted as free citizens of the little community.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image95_full.png"><img src="images/image95_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page182" id="page182"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 182]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image96_full.png"><img src="images/image96_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>SHIPWRECK OF THE MEDUSA.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image97_full.png"><img src="images/image97_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p>On the 17th of June, 1816, the Medusa, French frigate, commanded by Captain + Chaumareys, and accompanied by three smaller vessels, sailed from the island of Aix, + for the coast of Africa, in order to take possession of some colonies. The first + accident she encountered was off <a name="page183" id="page183"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 183]</span> Cape Finisterre, when one of the crew fell into the + sea; and from the apathy of his companions, their want of promptitude in manoeuvring, + with the want of every precaution, he was left to perish. On the tenth day of + sailing, there appeared an error of thirty leagues in the reckoning. On the 1st of + July, they entered the tropics; and there, with a childish disregard to danger, and + knowing that she was surrounded by all the unseen perils of the ocean, her crew + performed the ceremony usual to the occasion, while the vessel was running headlong + on destruction. The captain, presided over the disgraceful scene of merriment, + leaving the ship to the command of a Mons. Richefort, who had passed the ten + preceding years of his life in an English prison—a few persons on board + remonstrated in vain; though it was ascertained that they were on the banks of + Arguise, she continued her course, and heaved the lead, without slackening the sail. + Every thing denoted shallow water, but M. Richefort persisted in saying that they + were in one hundred fathoms. At that very moment only six fathoms were found; and the + vessel struck three times, being in about sixteen feet water, and the tide full + flood. At ebb-tide, there remained but twelve feet water; and after some bungling + manoeuvres, all hope of getting the ship off was abandoned.</p> + <a name="page184" id="page184"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 184]</span> + <p>When the frigate struck, she had on board six boats, of various capacities, all of + which could not contain the crew and passengers; and a raft was constructed. A + dreadful scene ensued. All scrambled out of the wreck without order or precaution. + The first who reached the boats refused to admit any of their fellow-sufferers into + them, though there was ample room for more. Some, apprehending that a plot had been + formed to abandon them in the vessel, flew to arms. No one assisted his companions; + and Captain Chaumareys stole out of a port-hole into his own boat, leaving a great + part of the crew to shift for themselves. At length they put off to sea, intending to + steer for the sandy coast of the desert, there to land, and thence to proceed with a + caravan to the island of St. Louis.</p> + <a name="page185" id="page185"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 185]</span> + <p>The raft had been constructed without foresight or intelligence. It was about + sixty-five feet long and twenty-five broad, but the only part which could be depended + upon was the middle; and that was so small, that fifteen persons could not lie down + upon it. Those who stood on the floor were in constant danger of slipping through + between the planks; the sea flowed in on all its sides. When one hundred and fifty + passengers who were destined to be its burden, were on board, they stood like a solid + parallelogram, without a possibility of moving; and they were up to their waists in + water. The original plan was, that as much provision as possible should be put upon + this raft; that it should be taken in tow by the six boats; and that, at stated + intervals, the crews should come on board to receive their rations. As they left the + ship, M. Correard asked whether the charts, instruments, and sea-stores were on + board; and was told by an officer, that nothing was wanting. "And who is to command + us?" "I am to command you," answered he, "and will be with you in a moment." The + officer with these words, the last in his mouth, went on board one of the boats, and + returned no more.</p> + <a name="page186" id="page186"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 186]</span> + <p>The desperate squadron had only proceeded three leagues, when a faulty, if not + treacherous manoeuvre, broke the tow-line which fastened the captain's boat to the + raft; and this became the signal to all to let loose their cables. The weather was + calm. The coast was known to be but twelve or fifteen leagues distant; and the land + was in fact discovered by the boats on the very evening on which they abandoned the + raft. They were not therefore driven to this measure by any new perils; and the cry + of "<i>Nous les abandonons!</i>" which resounded throughout the line, was the yell of + a spontaneous and instinctive impulse of cowardice, perfidy, and cruelty; and the + impulse was as unanimous as it was diabolical. The raft was left to the mercy of the + waves; one after another, the boats disappeared, and despair became general. Not one + of the promised <a name="page187" id="page187"></a><span class="newpage">[pg + 187]</span> articles, no provisions, except a very few casks of wine, and some + spoiled biscuit, sufficient for one single meal was found. A small pocket compass, + which chance had discovered, their last guide in a trackless ocean, fell between the + beams into the sea. As the crew had taken no nourishment since morning, some wine and + biscuit were distributed; and this day, the first of thirteen on the raft, was the + last on which they tasted any solid food—except such as human nature shudders + at. The only thing which kept them alive was the hope of revenge on those who had + treacherously betrayed them.</p> + <a name="page188" id="page188"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 188]</span> + <p>The first night was stormy; and the waves, which had free access, committed + dreadful ravages, and threatened worse. When day appeared, twelve miserable wretches + were found crushed to death between the openings of the raft, and several more were + missing; but the number could not be ascertained, as several soldiers had taken the + billets of the dead, in order to obtain two, or even three rations. The second night + was still more dreadful, and many were washed off; although the crew had so crowded + together, that some were smothered by the mere pressure. To soothe their last + moments, the soldiers drank immoderately; and one, who affected to rest himself upon + the side, but was treacherously cutting the ropes, was thrown into the sea. Another + whom M. Correard had snatched from the waves, turned traitor a second time, as soon + as he had recovered his senses; but he too was killed. At length the revolted, who + were chiefly soldiers, threw themselves upon their knees, and abjectly implored + mercy. At midnight, however, they rebelled again. Those who had no arms, fought with + their teeth, and thus many severe wounds were inflicted. One was most wantonly and + dreadfully bitten above the heel, while his companions were beating him upon the head + with their carbines, before throwing him into the sea. The raft was strewed with dead + bodies, after innumerable instances of treachery and cruelty; and from sixty to + sixty-five perished that night. The force and courage of the strongest began to yield + to their misfortunes; and even the most resolute labored under mental derangement. In + the conflict, the revolted had thrown two casks of wine, and all the remaining water, + into the sea; and it became necessary to diminish each man's share.</p> + <a name="page189" id="page189"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 189]</span> + <p>A day of comparative tranquility succeeded. The survivors erected their mast + again, which had been wantonly cut down in the battle of the night; and endeavored to + catch some fish, but in vain. They were reduced to feed on the dead bodies of their + companions. A third night followed, broken by the plaintive cries of wretches, + exposed to every kind of suffering, ten or twelve of whom died of want, and awfully + foretold the fate of the remainder. The following day was fine. Some flying fish were + caught in the raft; which, mixed up with human flesh, afforded one scanty meal.</p> + <a name="page190" id="page190"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 190]</span> + <p>A new insurrection to destroy the raft, broke out on the fourth night; this too, + was marked by perfidy, and ended in blood. Most of the rebels were thrown into the + sea. The fifth morning mustered but thirty men alive; and these sick and wounded, + with the skin of their lower extremities corroded by the salt water. Two soldiers + were detected drinking the wine of the only remaining cask; they were instantly + thrown into the sea. One boy died, and there remained only twenty-seven; of whom + fifteen only seemed likely to live. A council of war, preceded by the most horrid + despair, was held; as the weak consumed a part of the common store, they determined + to throw them into the sea. This sentence was put into immediate execution! and all + the arms on board, which now filled their minds with horror, were, with the exception + of a single sabre, committed to the deep.</p> + <a name="page191" id="page191"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 191]</span> + <p>Distress and misery increased with an accelerated ratio; and even after the + desperate measure of destroying their companions, and eating the most nauseous + aliments, the surviving fifteen could not hope for more than a few days' existence. A + butterfly lighted on their sail the ninth day, and though it was held to be a + messenger of good, yet many a greedy eye was cast upon it. Some sea-fowl also + appeared; but it was impossible to catch them. The misery of the survivors increased + with a rapidity which cannot be described; they even stole from each other little + goblets of urine which had been set to cool in the sea water, and were now considered + a luxury. The most trifling article of food, a lemon, a small bottle of spirituous + dentrifice, a little garlic, became causes of contention; and every daily + distribution of wine awakened a spirit of selfishness and ferocity, which common + sufferings and common interest could not subdue into more social feelings.</p> + <p>Three days more passed over in expressible anguish, when they constructed a + smaller and more manageable raft, in the hope of directing it to the shore; but on + trial it was found insufficient. On the seventeenth day, a brig was seen; which, + after exciting the vicissitudes of hope and fear, proved to be the Argus, sent out in + quest of the Medusa. The inhabitants of the raft were all received on board, and were + again very nearly perishing, by a fire which broke out in the night. The six boats + which had so cruelly cast them adrift, reached the coast of Africa in safety; and + after many dangers among the Moors, the survivors arrived at St. Louis.</p> + <a name="page192" id="page192"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 192]</span> + <p>After this, a vessel was despatched to the wreck of the Medusa, to carry away the + money and provisions; after beating about for eight days, she was forced to return. + She again put to sea, but after being away five days, again came back. Ten days more + were lost in repairing her; and she did not reach the spot till fifty-two days after + the vessel had been lost; and dreadful to relate, three miserable sufferers were + found on board. Sixty men had been abandoned there by their magnanimous countrymen. + All these had been carried off except seventeen, some of whom were drunk, and others + refused to leave the vessel. They remained at peace as long as their provisions + lasted. Twelve embarked on board a raft, for Sahara, and were never more heard of. + Another put to sea on a hen-coop, and sunk immediately. Four remained behind, one of + whom, exhausted with hunger and fatigue, perished. The other three lived in separate + corners of the wreck, and never met but to run at each other with drawn + <i>knives</i>. They were put on board the vessel, with all that could be saved from + the wreck of the Medusa.</p> + <a name="page193" id="page193"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 193]</span> + <p>The vessel was no sooner seen returning to St. Louis, than every heart beat high + with joy, in the hope of recovering some property. The men and officers of the Medusa + jumped on board, and asked if any thing had been saved. "Yes," was the reply, "but it + is all ours now;" and the naked Frenchmen, whose calamities had found pity from the + Moors of the desert, were now deliberately plundered by their own countrymen.</p> + <p>A fair was held in the town, which lasted eight days. The clothes, furniture, and + necessary articles of life, belonging to the men and officers of the Medusa, were + publicly sold before their faces. Such of the French as were able, proceeded to the + camp at Daceard, and the sick remained at St. Louis. The French governor had promised + them clothes and provisions, but sent none; and during five months, they owed their + existence to strangers—to the British.</p> + <a name="page194" id="page194"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 194]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image98_full.png"><img src="images/image98_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page195" id="page195"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 195]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image99_full.png"><img src="images/image99_thumbnail.png" alt="" /> + </a> + </div> + <h2>SINGULAR LOSS OF THE SHIP ESSEX, SUNK BY A WHALE.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image100_full.png"><img src="images/image100_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>The ship Essex, Captain George Pollard, sailed from Nantucket, on the 12th of + August, 1819, on a whaling voyage to the Pacific Ocean. Her crew consisted of + twenty-one men, fourteen of whom were whites, mostly <a name="page196" + id="page196"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 196]</span> belonging to Nantucket, the + remainder were blacks. On the 20th of November, 1820, in latitude 0° 40' S. + longitude 119° W. a school of whales was discovered, and in pursuing them the + mate's boat was stove, which obliged him to return to the ship, when they commenced + repairing the damage. The captain and second mate were left with their boats pursuing + the whales. During this interval the mate discovered a large spermaceti whale, near + the ship, but, not suspecting the approach of any danger, it gave them no alarm, + until they saw the whale coming with full speed towards them. In a moment they were + astonished by a tremendous crash. The whale had struck the ship a little forward of + the fore chains. It was some minutes before the crew recovered from their + astonishment, so far as to examine whether any damage had been sustained. They then + tried their pumps, and found that the ship was sinking. A signal was immediately set + for the boats. The whale now <a name="page197" id="page197"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 197]</span> appeared again making for the ship, and coming with + great velocity, with the water foaming around him, he struck the ship a second blow, + which nearly stove in her bows. There was now no hope of saving the ship, and the + only course to be pursued was, to prepare to leave her with all possible haste. They + collected a few things, hove them into the boat and shoved off. The ship immediately + fell upon one side and sunk to the water's edge. When the captain's and second mate's + boat arrived, such was the consternation, that for some time not a word was spoken. + The danger of their situation at length aroused them, as from a terrific dream, to a + no less terrific reality. They remained by the wreck two or three days, in which time + they cut away the masts, which caused her to right a little. Holes were then cut in + the deck, by which means they obtained about six hundred pounds of bread, and as much + water as they could take, besides other articles likely to be of use to them. On the + 22d of November, they left the ship, with as gloomy a prospect before them as can + well be imagined. The nearest land was about one thousand <a name="page198" + id="page198"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 198]</span> miles to the windward of them; + they were in open boats, weak and leaky, with a very small pittance of bread and + water for support of so many men, during the time they must necessarily be at sea. + Sails had been prepared for the boats, before leaving the ship, which proved of + material benefit. Steering southerly by the wind, they hoped to fall in with some + ship, but in this they were disappointed. After being in the boat twenty-eight days, + experiencing many sufferings by gales of wind, want of water, and scanty provisions, + they arrived at Duncie's Island, latitude 24° 40' S., longitude 124° 40' W., + where they were disappointed in not finding a sufficiency of any kind of food for so + large a company to subsist on. Their boats being very weak and leaky, they were + hauled on shore and repaired. They found a gentle spring of fresh water, flowing out + of a rock, at about half ebb of the tide, from which they filled their kegs. Three of + the men chose to stay on the island, and take their chance for some vessel to take + them off.</p> + <a name="page199" id="page199"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 199]</span> + <p>On the 27th of December, they left this island, and steered for Easter Island; but + passed it far to the leeward. They then directed their course for Juan Fernandez, + which was about twenty-five hundred miles east by south-east from them. On the 10th + of January, 1821, Matthew P. Joy, the second mate, died, and his body was launched + into the deep. His constitution was slender, and it was supposed that his sufferings, + though great, were not the immediate cause of his death. On the 12th, the mate's boat + separated from the other two, and did not fall in with them afterwards. The situation + of the mate and his crew, became daily more and more distressing. The weather was + mostly calm, the sun hot and scorching. They were growing weaker and weaker by want + of food, and yet, such was their distance from land, that they were obliged to lessen + their allowance nearly one half. On the 20th, a black man died.</p> + <a name="page200" id="page200"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 200]</span> + <p>On the 28th, they found, on calculation, that their allowance, only one and a half + ounce of bread per day to a man, would be exhausted in fourteen days; and that this + allowance was not sufficient to sustain life. They therefore determined to extend the + indulgence, and take the consequence, whether to live or die. On the 8th of February, + another of the crew died. From this time to the 17th, their sufferings were extreme. + At seven o'clock, A.M. of that day, they were aroused from a lethargy by the cheering + cry of the steersman, "there's a sail!" The boat was soon descried by the vessel, the + brig Indian, Captain Grozier, of London, which took them on board, latitude 33° + 45' S., longitude 81° 3' W. They were treated by Captain Grozier with all the + care and tenderness which their weak condition required. On the same day they made + Massafuero, and on the 25th, arrived at Valparaiso.</p> + <a name="page201" id="page201"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 201]</span> + <p>Captain Pollard and Charles Ramsdell, the only survivors in the captain's boat, + were taken up on the 23d of February, 1821, by the ship Dauphin, of Nantucket, + Captain Zimri Coffin, in latitude 37° S. off St. Mary's. The captain relates, + that, after the mate's boat was separated from the others, they made what progress + their weak condition would permit, towards the island of Juan Fernandez, but contrary + winds and calm weather, together with the extreme debility of the crew, prevented + their making much progress.</p> + <p>On the 29th of January, the second mate's boat separated from the captain's, in + the night, at which time their provisions were totally exhausted, since which they + have not been heard from.</p> + <p>We shall not attempt a sketch of the sufferings of the crews of these boats. + Imagination may picture the horrors of their situation, and the extremes to which + they were driven to sustain life, but no power of the imagination can heighten the + dreadful reality.</p> + <p>The following is an account of the whole crew.</p> + <a name="page202" id="page202"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 202]</span> + <p>In the captain's boat but two survived, Captain Pollard and Charles Ramsdell. In + the mate's boat three survived, Owen Chase, the mate, Benjamin Lawrence, and Thomas + Nickerson. Left on Duncie's Island, and afterwards taken off, Seth Weeks, William + Wright, and Thomas Chapple. One left the ship before the accident. In the second + mate's boat, when separated from the captain's, three. Dead, nine, which added to the + second mate's crew, doubtless lost, makes total deaths twelve.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image101_full.png"><img src="images/image101_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page203" id="page203"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 203]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image102_full.png"><img src="images/image102_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <h2>LOSS OF THE WELLINGTON.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image103_full.png"><img src="images/image103_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>We sailed from the Cove of Cork for St. Andrews, on the 6th of October, 1833. + During a passage of sixty days, all of which time we struggled against adverse winds, + nothing material occurred, save the shifting of our ballast, (limestone,) which + caused some alarm; but the promptitude <a name="page204" id="page204"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 204]</span> and alacrity of the crew soon set it all right. On + reaching the ballast-ground, we discharged our ballast; and after we had repaired the + rigging, we took in a cargo of deals. Here four of the men left us, and we had to + wait for others to supply their place.</p> + <p>On the 23d of December we sailed on our return to Cork; mustering in all seventeen + persons, including one male and one female passenger. With a fine stiff breeze down + the bay, we soon lost sight of land, and nothing of note occurred till the 30th, when + the wind got up from the north-west, and soon blew so heavy a gale, that we were + obliged to take in every thing but a close-reefed main-topsail, under which we + scudded till the 5th of January. All this time it blew a hurricane, principally from + the north-west, but occasionally, after a short lull, flying round to the south-west, + with a fury that nothing could resist. The sea threatened to overwhelm our little + craft. It was several times proposed to lay her to; but the fatal opinion prevailed + that she did better in scudding. On the night of the 6th, a tremendous sea struck her + on the stern, stove in all the dead-lights, and washed them into the cabin, lifted + the taffrail a foot or more out of its place, carried away the afterpart of the + larboard bulwark, shattered the whole of the stern-frame, and washed one of the + steersmen away from the wheel. The carpenter and crew with much labor secured the + stern as well as they could for the night, and next morning the wind moderated a + little, new dead-lights were put in, and the damages further repaired.</p> + <a name="page205" id="page205"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 205]</span> + <p>Every stitch of canvas, but the main-topsail, jib, and trysail, were split into + ribbons, so that we became anxious to know how we should reach port when the gale + subsided. But we were soon spared further care on that head. As the day closed in, + the tempest resumed its fury, and by the following morning, (the 8th,) raged with + such appalling violence, that we laid her too. From her straining, the brig had now + began to make so much water, as to require all hands in succession at the pumps till + the following morning at two, when the larboard watch went below, the watch on deck, + by constant exertion, sufficing to keep her free.</p> + <a name="page206" id="page206"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 206]</span> + <p>At seven on the morning of the 9th, a tremendous sea broke over the starboard bow, + overwhelming all, and sweeping caboose, boats, planks, casks, every thing before it, + to the afterpart of the deck; even the starboard anchor was lifted on to the + forecastle; and and the cook, who was in the galley, washed with all his culinary + apparatus into the lee-scuppers, where he remained some time in a very perilous + situation, jammed in amongst the loose spars and other portions of the wreck, until + extricated by the watch on deck, who, being aft at the moment of the occurrence, + escaped unhurt. Before we could recover from this shock, the watch below rushed on + deck, with the appalling intelligence, that the water had found its way below, and + was pouring in like a torrent We found that the coppers, forced along the deck with + irresistible violence, had, by striking a stanchen fixed firmly in the deck, split + the covering fore and aft, and let in the water. The captain thought it <a + name="page207" id="page207"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 207]</span> time to prepare + for the worst. As the ship, from her buoyant cargo, could not sink, he ordered the + crew to store the top with provisions. And as all exerted themselves with the energy + of despair, two barrels of beef, some hams, pork, butter, cheese, and a large jar of + brandy, were handed in a trice up from below, but not before the water had nearly + filled the cabin, and forced those employed there to cease their operations, and with + the two unfortunate passengers to fly to the deck. Fortunately for the latter, they + knew not the full horror of our situation. The poor lady, whose name I have + forgotten, young and delicate, already suffering from confinement below and sea + sickness, pale and shivering, but patient and resigned, had but a short time taken + her seat beside her fellow passenger on some planks near the taffrail, on which lay + extended the unfortunate cook, unable to move from his bruises, when the vessel, a + heavy lurch having shifted her cargo, was laid on her beam-ends, and the water + rushing in, carried every thing off the deck—provisions, stores, planks, all + went adrift—and with the latter, the poor lady, who, with the cook, floated + away on them, without the possibility of our saving either of them. But such was the + indescribable horror of those who were left, that had we been able to reason or + reflect we might have envied our departed shipmates.</p> + <a name="page208" id="page208"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 208]</span> + <p>A few minutes before we went over, two of the crew, invalids, having gone to the + maintop, one of them was forced into the belly of the main top-sail, and there found + a watery grave. The rest of the crew, and the male passenger, got upon her side. In + this hopeless situation, secured, and clinging to the channels and rigging, the sea + every instant dashing over us, and threatening destruction, we remained some hours. + Then the vessel once more righted, and we crawled on board. The deck having blown up, + and the stern gone the same way, we had now the prospect of perishing with cold and + hunger. For our ultimate preservation I conceive we were mainly indebted to the + carpenter's having providentially <a name="page209" id="page209"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 209]</span> retained his axe. With it, the foremast was cut away. + While doing this, we found a piece of pork about four pounds weight; and even the + possession of this morsel raised our drooping spirits. It would at least prolong + existence a few hours, and in that interval, the gale might abate, some friendly sail + heave in sight, and the elements relent. Such were our reflections. Oh, how our + eye-balls strained, as, emerging from the trough of the sea on the crest of a liquid + mountain, we gazed on the misty horizon, until, from time to time, we fancied, nay, + felt assured, we saw the object of our search, but the evening closed in, and with it + hope almost expired. That day, not a morsel passed our lips. The pork, our only + supply, given in charge to the captain, it was thought prudent to husband as long as + possible.</p> + <a name="page210" id="page210"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 210]</span> + <p>Meanwhile, with a top-gallant studding-sail remaining in the top, which was + stretched over the mast-head, we contrived to procure a partial shelter from the + inclemency of the weather. Under this, drenched as we were and shivering with cold, + some of us crouched for the night; but others of the crew remained all that night in + the rigging. In the morning we all—fourteen in number—mustered on deck, + and received from the mate a small piece of pork, about two ounces, the remainder + being put away, and reserved for the next day. This, and some water, the only article + of which—a cask had been discovered forward, well stowed away among the + planks—we had abundance, constituted our only meal that day. Somewhat + refreshed, we all went to work, and as the studding-sail afforded but a scanty + shelter, we fitted the trysail for this purpose; on opening which we found the cat + drowned, and much as our stomachs might have revolted against such food on ordinary + occasions, yet poor puss was instantly skinned and her carcass hung up in the + maintop.</p> + <a name="page211" id="page211"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 211]</span> + <p>This night we were somewhat better lodged, and the following day, having received + our scanty ration of pork, now nearly consumed, we got three swiftsures round the + hull of the vessel, to prevent her from going to pieces. Foraging daily for food, we + sought incessantly in every crevice, hole, and corner, but in vain. We were now + approaching that state of suffering beyond which nature cannot carry us. With some, + indeed, they were already past endurance; and one individual, who had left a wife and + family dependent upon him for support in London, unable any longer to bear up against + them, and the almost certain prospect of starvation, went down out of the top, and we + saw him no more. Having eked out the pork until the fourth day, we commenced on the + cat—fortunately large and in good condition—a mouthful of which, with + some water, furnished our daily allowance.</p> + <p>Sickness and debility had now made such ravages among us all, that although we had + a tolerable stock of water, we found great difficulty in procuring it. We had + hitherto, in rotation, taken our turn to fill a small beaker at the cask, wedged in + among the cargo of deals; but now, scarcely able to keep our feet along the planks, + and still less so to haul the vessel up to the top, we were in danger of even this + resource being cut off from us. In this manner, incredible as it may seem, we managed + to keep body and soul together till the eleventh day; our only sustenance, the pork, + the cat, water, and the bark of some young birch trees, which latter, in searching + for a keg of tamarinds, which we had hoped to find, we had latterly come athwart.</p> + <a name="page212" id="page212"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 212]</span> + <p>On the twelfth morning, at daybreak, the hailing of some one from the deck + electrified us all. Supposing, as we had missed none of our shipmates from the top, + that it must be some boat or vessel, we all eagerly made a movement to answer our + supposed deliverers, and such was our excitement that it well nigh upset what little + reason we had left. We soon found out our mistake. We saw that one of the party was + missing; and from this individual, whom we had found without shoes, hat, or jacket, + had the voice proceeded.</p> + <a name="page213" id="page213"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 213]</span> + <p>Despair had now taken such complete hold, that, suspended between life and death, + a torpor had seized us, and, resigned to our fate, we had scarcely sufficient energy + to lift our heads, and exercise the only faculty on which depended our safety. The + delirium of our unfortunate shipmate had, however, reanimated us, and by this means, + through Providence, he was made instrumental to our deliverance. Not long after, one + of the men suddenly exclaimed, "This is Sunday morning!—The Lord will deliver + us from our distress!—at any rate I will take a look round." With this he + arose, and having looked about him a few minutes, the cheering cry of "a sail!" + announced the fulfilment of this singular prophecy. "Yes," he repeated in answer to + our doubts, "a sail, and bearing right down upon us!"</p> + <a name="page214" id="page214"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 214]</span> + <p>We all eagerly got up, and looking in the direction indicated to us, the welcome + certainty, that we were not cheated of our hopes almost turned our brains. The + vessel, which proved to be a Boston brig, bound to London, ran down across our bows, + hove too, sent the boats alongside, and by ten o'clock we were all safe on board. + Singularly enough, our brig, which had been lying-to with her head to the northward + and westward, since the commencement of our disasters, went about the evening + previous to our quitting her as well as if she had been under sail,—another + providential occurrence, for had she remained with her head to the northward, we + should have seen nothing of our deliverers. From the latter we experienced all the + care and attention our deplorable condition required; and, with the exception of two + of the party, who were frost-bitten, and who died two days after our quitting the + wreck, we were soon restored to health, and reached St. Catherine's Dock on the 30th + of the following month.<br clear="all" /> + </p> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image104_full.png"><img src="images/image104_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page216" id="page216"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 216]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image105_full.png"><img src="images/image105_thumbnail.png" + alt="Voyage Of The Abergavenny." /></a> + <p>Voyage Of The Abergavenny.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page217" id="page217"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 217]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image106_full.png"><img src="images/image106_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <h2>LOSS OF THE ABERGAVENNY.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image107_full.png"><img src="images/image107_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>The Earl of Abergavenny, East Indiaman, left Portsmouth, in the beginning of + February, 1805, with forty passengers, and property to the value of eighty-nine + thousand pounds sterling on board. On the 5th of February, at ten A.M. when she was + about ten leagues to the westward of Portland, the commodore gave a signal for her to + bear up. At this time <a name="page218" id="page218"></a><span class="newpage">[pg + 218]</span> the wind was west south-west; she had the main top-mast struck, the fore + and mizzen top-gallant mast on deck, and the jib-boom in. At three a pilot came on + board, when they were about two leagues west from Portland; the cables were ranged + and bitted, and the jib-boom got out. The wind suddenly died away as she crossed the + Shangles, a shoal of rock and shingle, about two miles from the land; and a strong + tide setting the ship to westward, drifted her into the breakers. A sea taking her on + the larboard quarter brought her to, with her head to the northward, when she + instantly struck the ground, at five in afternoon. All the reefs were let out, and + the top-sails hoisted up, in the hope that the ship might shoot across the reef; the + wind shifting meanwhile to north-west, she remained there two hours and a half, with + four feet of water in the hold, the tide alternately setting her on, and the surf + driving her back, beating all the while with such violent shocks, that the men for + some time could scarcely stand upon the decks. At length, however, she was got off + the rocks.</p> + <a name="page219" id="page219"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 219]</span> + <p>The pumps were kept constantly going, and for fifteen minutes after clearing the + rocks, kept the water at four feet; but the leak gaining upon them, all sails were + set, with the view of running for the nearest port. But the water now rose so fast, + than she refused to answer the helm, and they resolved to run her on the first shore. + The captain and officers still thought that she might be got off without material + damage, and no signal guns of distress were fired for three quarters of an hour, + though sensible of some danger, they kept silent, lest they should alarm the + passengers. Soon however the peril appeared but too manifest; the carpenter announced + that a leak was at the bottom of the chain-pumps, through which the water gushed so + fast, that they could not stop it. Eleven feet of water were already in the hold, and + the crew were set to bale at the fore scuttle and hatchway. Though they could not + keep the water under, they still hoped to preserve her afloat, till she could be run + upon Weymouth sand. The lashings of the boats were cut; but they could not get out + the long-boat, without bending the mainsail aback, which would have retarded the + vessel so much, as to deprive them of the chance of running her aground.</p> + <a name="page220" id="page220"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 220]</span> + <p>At six in the afternoon they gave up all hope of saving the vessel; other leaks + had been sprung, and it became manifest, from the damage she had sustained that she + must speedily go down. The captain and officers were still cool, and preserved + perfect subordination. As night came on, and their situation became more terrible, + several passengers insisted on being set on shore; and some small sloops being near, + one of which sent off a skiff, two ladies, and three other passengers went away in + her. More would have embarked had they not feared to encounter a tempestuous sea in + so dark a night.</p> + <a name="page221" id="page221"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 221]</span> + <p>Several boats were heard at a short distance, about nine o'clock, but they + rendered no assistance; being either engaged in plunder, or in rescuing some of those + unfortunate individuals who hazarded themselves on pieces of wreck, to gain the land. + Those on board baled and pumped without intermission; the cadets and passengers + struggling with the rest. A midshipman was appointed to guard the spirit room. Some + of the more disorderly sailors pressed upon him. "Give us some grog," they cried, "it + will be all one an hour hence." "I know we must die," replied he, coolly, "but let us + die like men;" and armed with a brace of pistols, he kept his post even while the + ship was sinking.</p> + <p>At length the carpenter came up from below, and told those who worked at the pumps + that he could do no more. Some gave themselves up to despair, others prayed; and some + resolved not to perish without a struggle, committed themselves on pieces of the + wreck to the waves. The chief mate came to the captain, and said, "We have done all + we can, sir, the ship will sink in a moment;" to which the captain replied, "it + cannot be helped—God's will be done." The vessel gradually settled in the + trough of the sea. The cries of the drowning rose above the sound of the waters, and + were heard at a great distance. Some kept running about the deck as long as it kept + above the waves. At eleven, when she went down, many hastened up the shrouds and + masts. The captain was seen clinging to the ropes; the fourth mate tried to persuade + him to exert himself, but he submitted without resistance to his fate.</p> + <a name="page222" id="page222"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 222]</span> + <p>The hull struck the ground, while part of the masts and rigging remained above + water. On the last cast of the lead, eleven fathoms had been found, and about one + hundred and eighty men still clung to the rigging. The night was dark and frosty, the + sea incessantly breaking upon them. Shocking scenes occurred, in the attempts made by + some to obtain places of greater safety. One seaman had ascended to a considerable + height, and endeavored to climb yet higher; another seized hold of his leg; he drew + his clasp-knife, and deliberately cut the miserable wretch's fingers asunder; he + dropped and was killed by the fall. Many perished in the shrouds. A sergeant had + secured his wife there; she lost her hold, and in her last struggle for life, bit a + large piece from her husband's arm, which was dreadfully lacerated.</p> + <a name="page223" id="page223"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 223]</span> + <p>About an hour after she went down, the survivors were cheered by hearing the sound + of vessels beating the waves at a distance; they hailed a sloop-rigged vessel, with + two boats astern of her. Their voices must have been drowned by the waves. By twelve + many more had perished. Some from cold and fatigue could no longer retain their hold; + every instant those who still hung on, were shocked by the splash, which told that + another of their number had yielded to his fate. In a short time, boats were again + heard near them, but they did not, though repeatedly hailed, come near enough to take + any on board; an act of cold and calculating timidity, which could not be justified + by the excuse, that they feared lest all, eager to be saved, should have jumped down, + and borne them to the bottom.</p> + <a name="page224" id="page224"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 224]</span> + <p>At length two sloops, which had heard the guns of distress, anchored close to the + wreck, took off the survivors, twenty at a time, from the shrouds, and in the morning + conveyed them to Weymouth; so far from crowding into the boats, they got off one by + one, as called upon by those who commanded the boats. One still remained; the sixth + mate ascended the mast and found him in a state of insensibility; he bore him down on + his back, and with his burden reached the boat in safety; but the delivered person + died the next day.</p> + <p>When the awful words were heard, "The ship must go down," three of the cadets went + into the cabin, where they stood for a short time, looking at each other, without + saying a word. At length one said, "Let us return to the deck;" two did so, but the + other remained below. He opened his desk, took out his commission, his introductory + letters, and some money, went on deck, but saw neither of his companions. Then + looking forward, he saw the ship going down head foremost, and the sea rolling in an + immense column along the deck. He tried to ascend the steps leading to the poop, but + was launched among the waves encumbered by boots and a great coat, and unable to + swim. Afterwards, finding himself on the opposite side, he conceived that when the + stern of the ship sunk, he would be drawn into the vortex. While struggling to keep + himself afloat, he seized something which frequently struck the back of his hand, and + found it to be a rope hanging from the mizzen-shrouds. Trying to ascend several feet + by it, he fell into the sea; but by a sudden lurch from the ship, he was thrown into + the mizzen-shrouds, where he fixed himself as well as circumstances would allow.</p> + <a name="page225" id="page225"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 225]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image108_full.png"><img src="images/image108_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page226" id="page226"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 226]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image109_full.png"><img src="images/image109_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <h2>CRUISE OF THE SALDANHA AND TALBOT.</h2> + <center> + BY ONE OF THE OFFICERS. + </center> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image110_full.png"><img src="images/image110_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>At midnight of Saturday, the 30th of November, 1811, with a fair wind and a smooth + sea, we weighed from our station, in company with the Saldanha frigate, of + thirty-eight guns, Captain Packenham, with a crew of three hundred men, on a cruise, + as was intended, of twenty days—the Saldanha taking a westerly course, while we + stood in the opposite direction.</p> + <a name="page227" id="page227"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 227]</span> + <p>We had scarcely got out of the lock and cleared the heads, however, when we + plunged at once into all the miseries of a gale of wind blowing from the west. During + the three following days it continued to increase in violence, when the islands of + Coll and Tiree became visible to us. As the wind had now chopped round more to the + north, and continued unabated in violence, the danger of getting involved among the + numerous small islands and rugged headlands, on the north-west coast of + Inverness-shire, became evident. It was therefore deemed expedient to wear the ship + round, and make a port with all expedition. With this view, and favored by the wind, + a course was shaped for Lochswilly, and away we scudded under close-reefed foresail + and main-topsail, followed by a tremendous sea, which threatened every moment to + overwhelm us, and accompanied by piercing showers of hail, and a gale which blew with + incredible fury. The same course was steered until next day about noon, <a + name="page228" id="page228"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 228]</span> when land was + seen on the lee-bow. The weather being thick, some time elapsed before it could be + distinctly made out, and it was then ascertained to be the island of North Arran, on + the coast of Donegal, westward of Lochswilly. The ship was therefore hauled up some + points, and we yet entertained hopes of reaching an anchorage before nightfall, when + the weather gradually thickened, and the sea, now that we were upon the wind, broke + over us in all directions. Its violence was such, that in a few minutes several of + our ports were stove in, at which the water poured in in great abundance, until it + was actually breast high on the lee-side of the main deck. Fortunately, but little + got below, and the ship was relieved by taking in the foresail. But a dreadful + addition was now made to the precariousness of our situation, by the cry of "land + a-head!" which was seen from the forecastle, and must have been very near. Not a + moment was now lost in wearing the ship round on the other tack, and making what + little sail could be carried, to weather the land we had already passed. This soon + proved, however, to be a forlorn prospect, for it was found that we should run our + distance by ten o'clock. All the horrors of shipwreck now stared us in the face, + aggravated tenfold by the darkness of the night, and the tremendous force of the + wind, which now blew a hurricane. Mountains are insignificant when speaking of the + sea that kept pace with it; its violence was awful beyond description, and it + frequently broke over all the poor little ship, that shivered and groaned, but + behaved admirably.</p> + <a name="page229" id="page229"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 229]</span> + <p>The force of the sea may be guessed from the fact of the sheet-anchor, nearly a + ton and a half in weight, being actually lifted on board, to say nothing of the + forechain-plates' board broken, both gangways torn away, quarter-galleries stove in, + &c. In short, on getting into port, the vessel was found to be loosened through + all her frame, and leaking at every seam. As far as depended on her good qualities, + however, I felt assured at the time we were safe, for I had seen enough of the Talbot + to be convinced we were in one of the finest sea-boats that ever swam. But what could + all the skill of the ship builder avail in a situation like ours? With a night full + fifteen hours long before us, and knowing that we were fast driving on the land, + anxiety and dread were on every face, and every mind felt the terrors of uncertainty + and suspense. At length, about twelve o'clock, the dreadful truth was disclosed to + us!</p> + <a name="page230" id="page230"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 230]</span> + <p>Judge of my sensation when I saw the frowning rocks of Arran, scarcely half a mile + distant, on our lee-bow. To our inexpressible relief, and not less to our surprise, + we fairly weathered all, and were congratulating each other on our escape, when on + looking forward I imagined I saw breakers at no great distance on our lee; and this + suspicion was soon confirmed, when the moon, which shone at intervals, suddenly broke + out from behind a cloud, and presented to us a most terrific spectacle. At not more + than a quarter of a mile's distance on our lee-beam, appeared a range of tremendous + breakers, amongst which it seemed as if every sea would throw us. Their height, it + may be guessed, <a name="page231" id="page231"></a><span class="newpage">[pg + 231]</span> was prodigious, when they could be clearly distinguished from the foaming + waters of the surrounded ocean. It was a scene seldom to be witnessed, and never + forgotten! "Lord have mercy on us!" was now on the lip of everyone—destruction + seemed inevitable. Captain Swaine, whose coolness I have never seen surpassed issued + his orders clearly and collectedly when it was proposed as a last resource to drop + the anchors, cut away the masts, and trust to the chance of riding out the gale. This + scheme was actually determined on, and every thing was in readiness, but happily was + deferred until an experiment was tried aloft In addition to the close-reefed + main-topsail and foresail, the fore-topsail and trysail were now set, and the result + was almost magical. With a few plunges we cleared not only the reef, but a huge rock + upon which I could with ease have tossed a biscuit, and in a few minutes we were + inexpressibly rejoiced to observe both far astern.</p> + <a name="page232" id="page232"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 232]</span> + <p>We had now miraculously escaped all but certain destruction a second time, but + much was yet to be feared. We had still to pass Cape Jeller, and the moments dragged + on in gloomy apprehension and anxious suspense. The ship carried sail most + wonderfully, and we continued to go along at the rate of seven knots, shipping very + heavy seas, and laboring much—all with much solicitude looking out for + daylight. The dawn at length appeared, and to our great joy we saw the land several + miles astern, having passed the Cape and many other hidden dangers during the + darkness.</p> + <p>Matters on the morning of the 5th, assumed a very different aspect from that which + we had experienced for the last two days; the wind gradually subsided, and with it + the sea, and a favorable breeze now springing up, we were enabled to make a good + offing. Fortunately no accident of consequence occurred, although several of our + people were severely bruised by falls. Poor fellows! they certainly suffered enough; + not a dry stitch, not a dry hammock have they had since we sailed. Happily, however, + their misfortunes are soon forgot in a dry shirt and a can of grog.</p> + <a name="page233" id="page233"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 233]</span> + <p>The most melancholy part of the narrative is still to be told. On coming up to our + anchorage, we observed an unusual degree of curiosity and bustle in the fort; crowds + of people were congregated on both sides, running to and fro, examining us through + spy-glasses; in short, an extraordinary commotion was apparent. The meaning of all + this was but too soon made known to us by a boat coming alongside, from which we + learned that the unfortunate Saldanha had gone to pieces, and every man perished! Our + own destruction had likewise been reckoned inevitable from the time of the discovery + of the unhappy fate of our consort, five days beforehand; and hence the astonishment + at our unexpected return. From all that could be learned concerning the dreadful + catastrophe, I am inclined to believe that the Saldanha had been driven on the rocks + about the time our doom appeared so certain in another quarter. Her lights were seen + by the signal-tower at nine o'clock of that fearful Wednesday night, December 4th, + after which it is supposed she went ashore on the rocks at a small bay called + Ballymastaker, almost at the entrance of Lochswilly harbor.</p> + <a name="page234" id="page234"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 234]</span> + <p>Next morning the beach was strewed with fragments of the wreck, and upwards of two + hundred of the bodies of the unfortunate sufferers were washed ashore. One + man—and one only—out of the three hundred, was ascertained to have come + ashore alive, but almost in a state of insensibility. Unhappily there was no person + present to administer to his wants judiciously, and upon craving something to drink, + about half a pint of whisky was given him by the people, which almost instantly + killed him! Poor Pakenham's body was recognised amidst the others, and like these, + stripped quite naked by the inhuman wretches, who flocked to the wreck as to a + blessing! It is even suspected that he came on shore alive, but was stripped and left + to perish. Nothing could equal the audacity of the plunderers, although a party of + the Lanark militia was doing duty around the wreck. But this is an ungracious and + revolting subject, which no one of proper feeling would wish to dwell upon. Still + less am I inclined so describe the heart-rending scene at Buncrana, where the widows + of many of the sufferers are residing. The surgeon's wife, a native of Halifax, has + never spoken since the dreadful tidings arrived. Consolation is inadmissible, and no + one has yet ventured to offer it.</p> + <a name="page235" id="page235"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 235]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image111_full.png"><img src="images/image111_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page236" id="page236"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 236]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image112_full.png"><img src="images/image112_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <h2>SHIPWRECK OF THE NAUTILUS.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image113_full.png"><img src="images/image113_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>The ship Nautilus, Captain Palmer, with important despatches for England, sailed + from the Dardanelles, on the 30th of January, 1807. Passing through the islands which + abound in the Greek Archipelago, she approached the Negropont, where the navigation + became both intricate and dangerous. The wind blew fresh, and the night was dark and + squally; the pilot, a Greek, advised them to lay-to till morning; at daylight she + again went on her course, passing in the evening, Falconera and Anti-Milo. The pilot, + who had never gone farther on this tack, here relinquished the management of the + vessel to the captain, who, anxious to get on, resolved to proceed during the night, + confidently expecting to clear the Archipelago by morning; he then went below, to + take some rest, after marking out on the chest the course which he meant to + steer.</p> + <a name="page237" id="page237"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 237]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image112_full.png"><img src="images/image112_thumbnail.png" + alt="Shipwreck Of The Nautilus." /></a> + <p>Shipwreck Of The Nautilus.</p> + </div> + <a name="page239" id="page239"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 239]</span> + <p>The night was extremely dark, vivid lightning at times flashed through the + horizon. The wind increased; and though the ship carried but little sail, she went at + the rate of nine miles an hour, borne on by a high sea, which, with the brightness of + the lightning, made the night appear awful. At half past two in the morning, they saw + high land, which they took for the island of Cerigotto, and went confidently on, + supposing that all danger was over. At half-past four, the man on the look-out, <a + name="page240" id="page240"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 240]</span> cried, + "breakers a-head!" and instantly the vessel struck with a tremendous crash; the + violence of the shock being such, that those below were thrown from their beds, and + on coming on deck, were compelled to cling to the cordage. All was confusion and + alarm; scarcely had part of the crew time to hurry on deck, before the ladder gave + way, leaving numbers struggling with the water, which rushed in at the bottom. The + captain and lieutenant endeavored to mitigate the fears of the people; and + afterwards, going down to the cabin, burnt the papers and private signals. Meantime, + every sea dashed the vessel against the rocks; and they were soon compelled to climb + the rigging, where they remained an hour, the surge continually breaking upon + them.</p> + <a name="page241" id="page241"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 241]</span> + <p>The lightning had ceased, but so dark was the night, that they could not see a + ship's length before them; their only hope rested in the falling of the main mast, + which they trusted would reach a small rock, which lay very near them. About half an + hour before morning, the mast gave way, providentially falling towards the rock, and + by means of it they were enabled to gain the land. In this hasty struggle to get to + the rock, many accidents occurred; some were drowned, one man had his arm broke, and + many were much hurt. The captain was the last man who left the vessel, refusing to + quit it till all had gained the rock. All the boats but one had been staved in + pieces; the jolly-boat indeed remained, but they could not haul it in. For a time the + hull of the wreck sheltered them from the violence of the surf; but it soon broke up, + and it became necessary to abandon the small rock on which they stood, and to wade to + another somewhat larger. In their way they encountered many loose spars, dashing + about in the channel; several in crossing were severely hurt by them. They felt + grievously the loss of their shoes, for the sharp rocks tore their feet dreadfully, + and their legs were covered with blood. In the morning they saw the sea covered with + the fragments of the wreck, and many of their comrades floating about on spars and + timbers, to whom they could not give any assistance.</p> + <a name="page242" id="page242"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 242]</span> + <p>They saw that they were cast away on a coral rock almost on a level with the sea, + about four hundred yards long, and three hundred broad. They were at least twelve + miles from the nearest islands, which were afterwards found to be those of Cerigotto + and Pera. In case any vessel should pass by, they hoisted a signal of distress on a + long pole. The weather was very cold, and the day before they were wrecked, the deck + had been covered with ice; with much difficulty they managed to kindle a fire, by + means of a flint and some powder. They erected a small tent, composed of pieces of + canvas and boards, and were thus enabled to dry their few clothes. The night was + dreary and comfortless; but they consoled themselves with the hope that their fire + might be descried in the dark, and taken for a signal of distress. Next day they were + delighted at the approach of a small whale-boat, manned by ten of their comrades. + When the vessel was wrecked, these men had lowered themselves <a name="page243" + id="page243"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 243]</span> into the water, and had + reached the island of Pera, but finding no fresh water, were compelled to depart; and + noticing the fire were enabled to join their shipmates. But the waves ran so high + that the boat could not come to the shore, and some of those on the land endeavored + to reach it. One of the seamen called to Captain Palmer, inviting him to come to + them, but he steadily refused, saying, "No, Smith, save your unfortunate shipmates; + never mind me." After some consultation, they resolved to take the Greek pilot on + board, intending to go to Cerigotto, where, he assured them, were a few families of + fishermen, who might perhaps be able to afford them some relief.</p> + <p>After the boat departed, the wind increased; in about two hours a fearful storm + came on. The waves mounted up, and extinguished their fire; they swept over nearly + the whole of the rock, compelling them to flee for refuge to the highest part. Thus + did nearly ninety pass a night of the utmost horror; being compelled, lest they + should be washed off, to fasten a rope round the summit of a rock, and to clasp each + other. Their fatigue had been so great that several of them became delirious, and + lost their hold. They were also in constant terror of the wind veering more to the + north, in which case the waves would have dashed over their position.</p> + <a name="page244" id="page244"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 244]</span> + <p>They now began to sink under their hardships, and many had suffered deplorably. + One had been so dashed against the rocks as to be nearly scalped, exhibiting a + dreadful spectacle; he lingered out the night, but expired next morning. They were + ill prepared to sustain famine, and they were almost hopeless of escape. They dreaded + lest the storm should come on before the boat could have reached the island, for on + her safety their own depended. In the midst of these horrors the daylight broke, and + they saw the bodies of their departed shipmates, some still writhing in the agonies + of death. The sea had broken over them all night, and some, among whom was the + carpenter, had perished from cold.</p> + <a name="page245" id="page245"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 245]</span> + <p>Soon after, a vessel approached, and their hearts beat high with the hope of + deliverance. All her sails were set, and she came down before the wind, steering + right for the rock. They made repeated signals of distress, and the vessel hove to, + and hoisted out her boat. They hastily prepared rafts to carry them through the surf, + confident that the boat was provided with supplies to relieve them. The boat came + within pistol-shot, full of men dressed in the European fashion. But what were their + indignation and grief, when the person who steered, after gazing at them a few + minutes, waved his hat, and then rowed off to the ship! Their misery was increased by + seeing the crew of the stranger-vessel employed in collecting the floating fragments + of the wreck. After this grievous disappointment, their only hopes lay in the return + of the boat. They looked in vain; not a glimpse of her was to be seen. A raging + thirst tormented them; and some, in spite of warning, drank salt water; raging + madness soon followed, and their agonies were terminated by death. Another awful + night was passed by them. To preserve themselves from the cold, they huddled close + together, and covered themselves with their few remaining rags. They were haunted by + the ravings of those who had drunk the sea-water, whom they tried in vain to + pacify.</p> + <a name="page246" id="page246"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 246]</span> + <p>About twelve o'clock, the crew of the whale-boat hailed them; they cried out in + their agony for water. They could not procure it, for those in the boat had none but + earthen vessels, which could not be conveyed through the surf. They were assured that + they would be taken off by a fishing vessel next morning; but there seemed to be + little chance of their surviving till then.</p> + <a name="page247" id="page247"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 247]</span> + <p>In the morning, the sun for the first time shone upon the rock. They waited hour + after hour, but there was no appearance either of the boat or the vessel. Famine + consumed them; but they looked with loathing on the only means of appeasing it. When, + however, the day wore on, after praying for forgiveness of the sinful act, they were + compelled to feed on one of their number who had died the preceding night. Several + expired towards evening; among whom were the captain and first lieutenant. During the + night, some thought of constructing a raft which might carry them to Cerigotto. The + wind seemed favorable; and to perish in the waters seemed preferable to remaining to + die a lingering death from hunger and thirst. At daylight, as fast as their feeble + strength permitted, they prepared to put their plan in execution, by lashing together + a number of larger spars. Scarcely had they launched it, when it was destroyed. Five, + rendered desperate, embarked on a few spars hastily lashed together, which gave them + scarcely room to stand; they were soon carried away by unknown currents, and were no + more heard of.</p> + <p>In the afternoon the whale-boat came again in sight. The crew told them that they + had experienced great difficulty in persuading the Greek fishermen of Cerigotto to + venture to put to sea, because of the stormy weather; but they gave them hopes, that + if the weather moderated, the boats would come next day. Before they had done + speaking, twelve men plunged from the rock into the sea, and nearly reached the boat; + two were taken in, one was drowned, and the rest were so fortunate as to recover + their former station.</p> + <a name="page248" id="page248"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 248]</span> + <p>As the day wore on, their weakness increased. One of the survivors described + himself as feeling the approach of annihilation; his sight failed, and his senses + were confused; his strength was exhausted; he looked towards the setting sun, + expecting never to see it rise again. Suddenly the approach of the boats was + announced; and from the depth of despair, they rose to the very summit of joy. Their + parched frames were refreshed with copious draughts of water.</p> + <p>Immediate preparations were made for departure. Of one hundred and twenty-two + persons on board the Nautilus, when she struck, fifty-eight had perished. Eighteen + were drowned when she was wrecked, five were lost in the small boat, and thirty-four + died of famine. About fifty now embarked in four fishing vessels, and landed the same + evening at Cerigotto; making sixty-four in all, including those saved in the + whale-boat. During their six days sojourn on the rock, they had nothing to subsist + on, save human flesh.</p> + <a name="page249" id="page249"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 249]</span> + <p>They landed at a small creek. The Greeks received them with great hospitality, but + had not skill to cure their wounds, and had no bandages but those procured by tearing + up their own shirts. Wishing to procure some medical assistance, they desired to + reach Cerigo, an island twenty miles distant, on which an English vice-consul + resided. Fourteen days elapsed before they could set sail. They bade adieu to these + kind preservers, and in six or eight hours reached Cerigo, where all possible help + was afforded them. Thence they were conveyed by a Russian ship to Corfu; where they + arrived on the 2d of March, 1807, about two months after their melancholy + disaster.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="page250" id="page250"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 250]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image115_full.png"><img src="images/image115_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <h2>GALLANT EXPLOITS OF COMMODORE DECATUR.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image116_full.png"><img src="images/image116_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>Decatur is one of the most illustrious names in the naval annals of America. Among + the many officers who have borne this name, none was more celebrated and admired in + his life time and none more deeply lamented at his untimely decease than Commodore + Stephen Decatur.</p> + <a name="page251" id="page251"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 251]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image117_full.png"><img src="images/image117_thumbnail.png" + alt="Burning Of The Philadelphia." /></a> + <p>Burning Of The Philadelphia.</p> + </div> + <a name="page253" id="page253"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 253]</span> + <p>His life was a series of heroic actions. But of these perhaps the most remarkable + of all is that which is recorded in the following language of his + biographer—the burning of the frigate Philadelphia.</p> + <p>Decatur had been sent out from the United States, in the Argus, to join Commodore + Preble's squadron before Tripoli. He exchanged this vessel with Lieutenant Hull for + the Enterprise.</p> + <p>After making that exchange, he proceeded to Syracuse, where the squadron was to + rendezvous. On his arrival at that port, he was informed of the fate of the frigate + Philadelphia, which had run aground on the Barbary coast, and fallen into the hands + of the Tripolitans. The idea immediately presented itself to his mind of attempting + her recapture or destruction. On Commodore Preble's arrival, a few days afterwards, + he proposed to him a plan for the purpose, and volunteered his services to execute + it. The wary mind of that veteran officer at first disapproved of an enterprise so + full of peril; but the risks and difficulties that surrounded it, only stimulated the + ardour of Decatur, and imparted to it an air of adventure, fascinating to his + youthful imagination.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image118_full.png"><img src="images/image118_thumbnail.png" + alt="Commodore Preble." /></a> + <p>Commodore Preble.</p> + </div> + <a name="page254" id="page254"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 254]</span> + <p>The consent of the commodore having been obtained, Lieutenant Decatur selected for + the expedition a ketch (the Intrepid) which he had captured a few weeks before from + the enemy, and manned her with seventy volunteers, chiefly from his own crew. He + sailed from Syracuse on the 3d of February, 1804, accompanied by the United States + brig Syren, Lieutenant Stewart, who was to aid with his boats, and to receive the + crew of the ketch, in case it should be found expedient to use her as a fire + ship.</p> + <a name="page255" id="page255"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 255]</span> + <p>After fifteen days of very tempestuous weather, they arrived at the harbor of + Tripoli, a little before sunset. It had been arranged between Lieutenants Decatur and + Stewart, that the ketch should enter the harbor about ten o'clock that night, + attended by the boats of the Syren. On arriving off the harbor, the Syren, in + consequence of a change of wind, had been thrown six or eight miles without the + Intrepid. The wind at this time was fair, but fast declining, and Lieutenant Decatur + apprehended that, should he wait for the Syren's boats to come up, it might be fatal + to the enterprise, as they could not remain longer on the coast, their provisions + being nearly exhausted. For these reasons he determined to venture into the harbor + alone, which he did about eight o'clock.</p> + <a name="page256" id="page256"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 256]</span> + <p>An idea may be formed of the extreme hazard of the enterprise from the situation + of the frigate. She was moored within half gunshot of the bashaw's castle, and of the + principal battery. Two of the enemy's cruisers lay within two cables' length, on the + starboard quarter, and their gunboats within half gunshot, on the starboard bow. All + the guns of the frigate were mounted and loaded. Such were the immediate perils that + our hero ventured to encounter with a single ketch, beside the other dangers that + abound in a strongly fortified harbor.</p> + <p>Although from the entrance to the place where the frigate lay, was only three + miles, yet, in consequence of the lightness of the wind, they did not get within hail + of her until eleven o'clock. When they had approached within two hundred yards, they + were hailed and ordered to anchor, or they would be fired into. Lieutenant Decatur + ordered a Maltese pilot, who was on board the ketch, to answer that they had lost + their anchors in a gale of wind on the coast, and, therefore, could not comply with + their request. By this time it had become perfectly calm, <a name="page257" + id="page257"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 257]</span> and they were about fifty + yards from the frigate. Lieutenant Decatur ordered a small boat that was alongside of + the ketch, to take a rope and make it fast to the frigate's fore-chains. This being + done, they began to warp the ketch alongside. It was not until this moment that the + enemy suspected the character of their visitor, and great confusion immediately + ensued. This enabled our adventurers to get alongside of the frigate, when Decatur + immediately sprang aboard, followed by Mr. Charles Morris, midshipman. These two were + nearly a minute on deck, before their companions could succeed in mounting the side. + Fortunately, the Turks had not sufficiently recovered from their surprise to take + advantage of this delay. They were crowded together on the quarterdeck, perfectly + astonished and aghast, without making any attempt to oppose the assailing party. As + soon as a sufficient number of men had gained the deck to form a front equal to that + of the enemy, they rushed in upon them. The Turks stood the assault for a short time, + and were completely overpowered. About twenty were killed on the spot, many jumped + overboard, and the rest flew to the maindeck, whither they were pursued and driven to + the hold.</p> + <a name="page258" id="page258"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 258]</span> + <p>After entire possession had been gained of the ship, and every thing prepared to + set fire to her, a number of launches were seen rowing about the harbor. This + determined Lieutenant Decatur to remain on board the frigate, from whence a better + defence could be made than from on board the ketch. The enemy had already commenced + firing on them from their batteries and castle, and from two corsairs that were lying + near. Perceiving that the launches did not attempt to approach, he ordered the ship + should be set on fire, which was done, at the same time, in different parts. As soon + as this was done, they left her; and such was the rapidity of the flames, that it was + with the utmost difficulty they preserved the ketch. At this critical moment a most + propitious breeze sprang up, blowing directly out of the harbor, which, in a few + moments, carried them out of reach of the enemy's guns, and they made good their + retreat without the loss of a single man, and with but four wounded.</p> + <a name="page259" id="page259"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 259]</span> + <p>For this gallant and romantic achievement, Lieutenant Decatur was promoted to the + rank of post captain, there being at that time no intermediate grade. This promotion + was peculiarly gratifying to him, insomuch as it was done with the consent of the + officers over whose heads he was raised.</p> + <p>In the ensuing spring, it being determined to make an attack upon Tripoli, + Commodore Preble obtained from the King of Naples, the loan of six gunboats and two + bombards, which he formed into two divisions, and gave the command of one of them to + Captain Decatur, the other to Lieutenant Somers. The squadron sailed from Syracuse, + consisting of the frigate Constitution, the brig Syren, the schooners Nautilus and + Vixen, and the gunboats.</p> + <a name="page260" id="page260"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 260]</span> + <p>Having arrived on the coast of Barbary, they were for some days prevented from + making the attack, by adverse wind and weather. At length on the morning of the 3d of + August, the weather being favorable, the signal was made from the commodore's ship to + prepare for action, the light vessels towing the gunboats to windward. At nine + o'clock, the signal was given for bombarding the enemy's vessels and the town.</p> + <p>The gunboats were cast off, and advanced in a line ahead, led on by Captain + Decatur, and covered by the frigate Constitution, and the brigs and schooners.</p> + <p>The enemy's gunboats were moored along the harbor under the batteries and within + musket shot. Their sails had been taken from them, and they were ordered to sink, + rather than abandon their position. They were aided and covered, likewise, by a brig + of sixteen, and a schooner of ten guns.</p> + <p>Before entering into close action, Captain Decatur went alongside each of his + boats, and ordered them to unship their bowsprits and follow him, as it was his + intention to board the enemy's boats.</p> + <a name="page261" id="page261"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 261]</span> + <p>Lieutenant James Decatur commanded one of the boats belonging to Commodore + Preble's division, but, being farther to windward than the rest of his division, he + joined and took orders from his brother.</p> + <p>When Captain Decatur, who was in the leading boat, came within range of the fire + from the batteries, a heavy fire was opened upon him from them and the gunboats. He + returned the fire, and continued advancing, until he came in contact with the boats. + At this time, Commodore Preble seeing Decatur advancing nearer than he thought + prudent, ordered the signal to be made for a retreat, but it was found that in making + out the signals for the boats, the one for a retreat had been omitted.</p> + <p>The enemy's boats had about forty men each; ours an equal number, twenty-seven of + whom were Americans, and thirteen Neapolitans.</p> + <p>Decatur, on boarding the enemy, was instantly followed by his countrymen, but the + Neapolitans remained behind. The Turks did not sustain the combat hand to hand, with + that firmness they had obtained a reputation for. In ten minutes the deck was + cleared. Eight of them sought refuge in the hold, and, of the rest, some fell on the + deck, and others jumped into the sea. Only three of the Americans were wounded.</p> + <a name="page262" id="page262"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 262]</span> + <p>As Decatur was about to proceed out with his prize, the boat which had been + commanded by his brother, came under his stern, and the men informed him that they + had engaged and captured one of the enemy; but that her commander, after + surrendering, had treacherously shot Lieutenant James Decatur, and pushed off with + the boat, and was then making for the harbor.</p> + <a name="page263" id="page263"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 263]</span> + <p>The feelings of the gallant Decatur, on receiving this intelligence, may be more + easily imagined than described. Every consideration of prudence and safety was lost + in his eagerness to punish so dastardly an act, and to revenge the death of a brother + so basely murdered. He pushed within the enemy's line with his single boat, and + having succeeded in getting alongside of the retreating foe, boarded her at the head + of eleven men, who were all the Americans he had left. The fate of this contest was + extremely doubtful for about twenty minutes. All the Americans, except four, were now + severely wounded. Decatur singled out the commander as the peculiar object of his + vengeance. The Turk was armed with an espontoon, Decatur with a cutlass; in + attempting to cut off the head of the weapon, his sword struck on the iron, and broke + off close to the hilt. The Turk, at this moment, made a push, which slightly wounded + him in the right arm and breast. He immediately seized the spear, and closed with + him. A fierce struggle ensued, and both fell, Decatur uppermost. By this time the + Turk had drawn a dagger from his belt, and was about to plunge it into the body of + his foe, when Decatur caught his arm, and shot him with a pistol, which he drew from + his pocket. During the time they were struggling on the deck, the crews rushed to aid + their commanders, and a most sanguinary scene took place, insomuch that when Decatur + had despatched his adversary, it was with the utmost difficulty he could extricate + himself from the killed and wounded that had fallen around him.</p> + <a name="page264" id="page264"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 264]</span> + <p>It is with no common feeling of admiration that we record an instance of heroic + courage, and loyal self-devotion, on the part of a common sailor.</p> + <p>During the early part of Decatur's struggle with the Turk, he was assailed in the + rear by one of the enemy, who had just aimed a blow at his head which must have + proved fatal; at this fearful juncture, a noble-hearted tar, who had been so badly + wounded as to lose the use of his hands, seeing no other means of saving his + commander, rushed between him and the uplifted sabre, and received the blow on his + own head, which fractured his skull. We love to pause and honor great actions in + humble life, because they speak well for human nature. Men of rank and station in + society, often do gallant deeds, in a manner from necessity. Their conspicuous + station obliges them to do so, or their eagerness for glory urges them on; but an act + like this we have mentioned, so desperate, yet so disinterested, done by an obscure, + unambitious individual, a poor sailor, can spring from nothing but nobleness of soul. + We are happy to add that this generous fellow survived, and long after received a + pension from government.</p> + <a name="page265" id="page265"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 265]</span> + <p>Decatur succeeded in getting, with both his prizes, to the squadron, and the next + day received the highest commendation, in a general order, from Commodore Preble. + When that able officer was superseded in the command of the squadron, he gave the + Constitution to Captain Decatur, who had some time before received his commission. + From that ship he was removed to the Congress, and returned home in her, when peace + was concluded in Tripoli.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image119_full.png"><img src="images/image119_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page266" id="page266"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 266]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image120_full.png"><img src="images/image120_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <h2>EXPLOITS OF COMMODORE HULL.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image121_full.png"><img src="images/image121_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>Commodore Hull became a sailor when he was only eight years old. He distinguished + himself greatly in the naval war with France, and in the war with Tripoli, especially + at the capture of Derne, in Africa.</p> + <a name="page267" id="page267"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 267]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image122_full.png"><img src="images/image122_thumbnail.png" + alt="Commodore Hull." /></a> + <p>Commodore Hull.</p> + </div> + <a name="page269" id="page269"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 269]</span> + <p>At the commencement of the war of 1812, Hull having been advanced in the meantime + to the rank of captain, was placed in command of the frigate Constitution, in which + he was destined to perform those brilliant actions which have rendered him one of the + most celebrated heroes of our navy. His first exploit was the escape of the + Constitution from a British squadron, which is justly regarded as one of the most + remarkable recorded in naval history. The account of it contained in the official + letter of Captain Hull has all the interest of a romance. It is as follows:</p> + <blockquote> + <p>"SIR:—In pursuance of your orders of the 3d instant, I left Annapolis on + the 5th instant, and the capes on the 12th, of which I advised you by the pilot who + brought the ship to sea.</p> + <p>For several days after we got out, the wind was light and ahead, which, with a + strong southerly current, prevented our making much way to the northward. On the + 17th, at two P.M., being in twenty-two fathoms water off Egg Harbor, four sail of + ships were discovered from the masthead, to the northward and in shore of us, + apparently ships of war. The wind being very light all sail was made in chase of + them, to ascertain whether they were the enemy's ships, or our squadron having got + out of New York, waiting the arrival of the Constitution, the latter of which I had + reason to believe was the case.</p> + <a name="page270" id="page270"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 270]</span> + <p>At four in the afternoon, a ship was seen from the masthead, bearing about + north-east, standing in for us under all sail, which she continued so to do until + sundown, at which time she was too far off to distinguish signals, and the ships in + shore only to be seen from the tops; they were standing off to the southward and + eastward. As we could not ascertain before dark what the ship in the offing was, I + determined to stand for her, and get near enough to make the night signal.</p> + <p>At ten in the evening, being within six or eight miles of the strange sail, the + private signal was made, and kept up nearly one hour, but finding she could not + answer it, I concluded she and the ships in shore were enemy.</p> + <a name="page271" id="page271"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 271]</span> + <p>I immediately hauled off to the southward and eastward, and made all sail, + having determined to lie off till daylight to see what they were. The ship that we + had been chasing hauled off after us, showing a light, and occasionally making + signals, supposed to be for the ships in shore.</p> + <p>On the 18th, at daylight, or a little before it was quite light, saw two sail + under our lee, which proved to be frigates of the enemy's. One frigate astern + within about five or six miles, and a line of battle ship, a frigate, a brig, and a + schooner, about ten or twelve miles directly astern, all in chase of us, with a + fine breeze, and coming up fast, it being nearly calm where we were. Soon after + sunrise, the wind entirely left us, and the ship would not steer, but fell round + off with her head towards the two ships under our lee. The boats were instantly + hoisted out, and sent ahead to tow the ship's head around, and to endeavor to get + her farther from the enemy, being then within five miles of three heavy frigates. + The boats of the enemy were got out and sent ahead to tow, by which, with the light + air that remained with them, they came up very fast. Finding the enemy gaining on + us, and but little chance of escaping from them, I ordered two of the guns on the + gun deck to be ran out at the cabin windows for stern guns on the gun deck, and + hoisted one of the twenty-four pounders off the gun deck, and ran that, with the + forecastle gun, an eighteen pounder, out at the ports on the quarter deck, and + cleared the ship for action, being determined they should not get her without + resistance on our part, notwithstanding their force and the situation we were + placed in.</p> + <a name="page272" id="page272"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 272]</span> + <p>At about seven, in the morning, the ship nearest us approaching within gunshot, + and directly astern, I ordered one of the stern guns fired, to see if we could + reach her, to endeavor to disable her masts; found the shot fell a little short, + would not fire any more.</p> + <a name="page273" id="page273"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 273]</span><br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image123_full.png"><img src="images/image123_thumbnail.png" + alt="Escape Of The Constitution." /></a> + <p>Escape Of The Constitution.</p> + </div> + <p>At eight, four of the enemy's ships nearly within gunshot, some of them having + six or eight boats ahead towing, with all their oars and sweeps out, to row them up + with us, which they were fast doing. It now appeared that we must be taken, and + that our escape was impossible—four heavy ships nearly within gunshot, and + coming up fast, and not the least hope of a breeze to give us a chance of getting + off by out sailing them.</p> + <a name="page275" id="page275"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 275]</span> + <p>In this situation, finding ourselves in only twenty-four fathoms water, by the + suggestion of that valuable officer, Lieutenant Morris, I determined to try and + warp the ship ahead, by carrying out anchors and warping her up to them; three or + four hundred fathoms of rope was instantly got up, and two anchors got ready and + sent ahead, by which means we began to gain ahead of the enemy; they, however, soon + saw our boats carrying out the anchors, and adopted the same plan, under very + advantageous circumstances, as all the boats from the ships furthermost off were + sent to tow and warp up those nearest to us, by which means they again came up, so + that at nine, the ship nearest us began to fire her bow guns, which we instantly + returned by our stern guns in the cabin and on the quarter deck. All the shot from + the enemy fell short; but we have <a name="page276" id="page276"></a><span + class="newpage">[pg 276]</span> reason to believe that some of ours went on board + her, as we could not see them strike the water. Soon after nine, a second frigate + passed under our lee, and opened her broadside, but finding her shot fall short, + discontinued her fire; but continued, as did all the rest of them, to make all + possible exertion to get up with us. From nine to twelve, all hands were employed + in warping the ship ahead, and in starting some of the water in the main hold to + lighten her, which, with the help of a light air, we rather gained of the enemy, + or, at least, held our own. About two, in the afternoon, all the boats from the + line of battle ship and some of the frigates were sent to the frigate nearest us, + to endeavor to tow her up, but a light breeze sprung up, which enabled us to hold + way with her, notwithstanding they had eight or ten boats ahead, and all her sails + furled to tow her to windward. The wind continued light until eleven at night, and + the boats were kept ahead towing and warping to keep out of reach of the enemy, + three of the frigates being very near us; at eleven, we got a light breeze from the + southward, the boats came along side and were hoisted up, the ship having too much + way to keep them ahead, the enemy still in chase and very near.</p> + <a name="page277" id="page277"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 277]</span> + <p>On the 19th, at daylight, passed within gunshot of one of the frigates, but she + did not fire on us, perhaps, for fear of becalming her, as the wind was light; soon + after passing us she tacked, and stood after us—at this time six sail were in + sight, under all sail after us. At nine in the morning, saw a strange sail, on our + weather beam, supposed to be an American merchant ship; the instant the frigate + nearest us saw her, she hoisted American colors, as did all the squadron, in hopes + to decoy her down; I immediately hoisted the English colors, that she might not be + deceived; she soon hauled her wind, and, as is to be hoped, made her escape. All + this day the wind increased gradually, and we gained on the enemy, in the course of + the day, six or eight miles; they, however, continued chasing all night under a + press of sail.</p> + <a name="page279" id="page279"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 279]</span><br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image124_full.png"><img src="images/image124_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <a name="page281" id="page281"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 281]</span> + <p>On the 20th, at daylight in the morning, only three of them could be seen from + the masthead, the nearest of which was about twelve miles off, directly astern. All + hands were set at work wetting the sails, from the royals down, with the engines + and fire buckets, and we soon found that we left the enemy very fast. At a quarter + past eight, the enemy finding that they were fast dropping astern, gave over chase, + and hauled their wind to the northward, probably for the station off New York. At + half past eight, saw a sail ahead, gave chase after her under all sail. At nine, + saw another strange sail under our lee bow, we soon spoke the first sail + discovered, and found her to be an American brig from St. Domingo, bound to + Portland; I directed the captain how to steer to avoid the enemy, and made sail for + the vessel to leeward; on coming up with her, she proved to be an American brig + from St. Bartholomew's, bound to Philadelphia; but, on being informed of war, he + bore up for Charleston, South Carolina. Finding the ship so far to the southward + and eastward, and the enemy's squadron stationed off New York, which would make it + impossible to get in there, I determined to make for Boston, to receive your + farther orders, and I hope my having done so will meet your approbation. My wish to + explain to you as clearly as possible why your orders have not been executed, and + the length of time the enemy were in chase of us, with various other circumstances, + have caused me to make this communication much longer than I could have wished, yet + I cannot in justice to the brave officers and crew under my command, close it + without expressing to you the confidence I have in them, and assuring you that + their conduct while under the guns of the enemy was such as might have been + expected from American officers and seamen. I have the honor to be, with very great + respect, sir, your obedient humble servant,</p> + <p>ISAAC HULL."</p> + </blockquote> + <a name="page282" id="page282"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 282]</span> + <p>Such is Captain Hull's modest account of this truly brilliant exploit. Sailing on + a cruise immediately after this, with the same frigate, officers, and crew, on the + 19th of August he fell in with His Britannic Majesty's ship Guerriere, rated at + thirty-eight guns, and carrying fifty, commanded by Captain Dacres, who, sometime + before, had politely endorsed on the register of an American ship an invitation to + Captain Hull to give him a meeting of this kind.</p> + <a name="page283" id="page283"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 283]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image125_full.png"><img src="images/image125_thumbnail.png" + alt="Dacres Delivering Up His Sword." /></a> + <p>Dacres Delivering Up His Sword.</p> + </div> + <a name="page285" id="page285"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 285]</span> + <p>At half past three, P.M., Captain Hull made out his antagonist to be a frigate, + and continued the chase till he was within about three miles, when he cleared for + action; the chase backed her main-topsail and waited for him to come down. As soon as + the Constitution was ready, Hull bore down to bring the enemy to close action + immediately; but, on coming within gunshot, the Guerriere gave a broadside and filled + away and wore, giving a broadside on the other tack; but without effect, her shot + falling short. She then continued wearing and manoeuvring for about three quarters of + an hour to get a raking position,—but, finding she could not, she bore up and + ran under her topsails and jib, with the wind on the quarter. During this time, the + Constitution, not having fired a single broadside, the impatience of the officers and + men to engage was excessive. Nothing but the most rigid discipline could have + restrained them. Hull, however, was preparing to decide the contest in a summary + method of his own. He now made sail to bring the Constitution up with her antagonist, + and at five minutes before six P.M., <i>being alongside within half pistol shot</i>, + he commenced a heavy fire from all his guns, <i>double shotted with round and + grape</i>; and so well directed, and so well kept up was the fire, that in sixteen + minutes the mizzenmast of the Guerriere went by the board, and her mainyard in the + slings, and the hull, rigging, and sails were completely torn to pieces. The fire was + kept up for fifteen minutes longer, when the main and foremast went, taking with them + every spar except the bowsprit, and leaving the Guerriere a complete wreck. On seeing + this Hull ordered the firing to cease, having brought his enemy in thirty minutes + after he was fairly alongside to such a condition, that a few more broadsides must + have carried her down.</p> + <a name="page286" id="page286"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 286]</span> + <p>The prize being so shattered that she was not worth bringing into port, after + removing the prisoners to the Constitution, she was set on fire and blown up. In the + action, the Constitution lost seven killed, and seven wounded; the Guerriere, fifteen + killed, sixty-two wounded—including the captain and several officers, and + twenty-four missing.</p> + <p>The news of this victory was received in the United States with the greatest joy + and exultation. All parties united in celebrating it, and the citizens and public + authorities vied with each other in bestowing marks of approbation upon Captain Hull + and his gallant officers and crew.</p> + <a name="page288" id="page288"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 288]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image126_full.png"><img src="images/image126_thumbnail.png" + alt="Hyder Ally And General Monk." /></a> + <p>Hyder Ally And General Monk.</p> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="page289" id="page289"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 289]</span> <br + clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image127_full.png"><img src="images/image127_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <h2>EXPLOITS OF COMMODORE BARNEY.</h2> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figleft"> + <a href="images/image128_full.png"><img src="images/image128_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>This gentleman was one of the old fashioned commodores, a capital sailor, an + intrepid warrior, and a thorough going patriot. He was born in Baltimore, in 1759. He + entered the marine early in life. At the age of sixteen he served in the expedition + of Commodore Hopkins to the Bahama Islands, and continued in active service through + the whole revolutionary war.</p> + <a name="page290" id="page290"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 290]</span> + <p>In 1780 he was captured by a British seventy-four, when taking a prize into port + and sent with other prisoners to England. On the passage, the + prisoners—amounting to about sixty—were confined in the most loathsome of + dungeons, without light or pure air, and with a scanty supply of provisions.</p> + <p>They thought when they arrived at Plymouth, that their privations were at an end; + but they were only removed to another prison-ship, which, although dirty and crowded, + was, in some measure, better than the one they had left. From this, contrary to + expectation, as soon as they were so much recovered as to be able to walk, they were + brought on shore and confined in Mill prison, where they met the anxious faces of + several hundred American prisoners, who had undergone the same privations as + themselves.</p> + <a name="page291" id="page291"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 291]</span> + <p>This prison was surrounded by two strong walls, twenty feet apart, and was guarded + by numerous sentries. There were small gates in the walls, and these were placed + opposite each other, the inner one generally remaining open. The prisoners were + allowed the privilege of the yard nearly all day, and this set the inventive mind of + Barney upon the scheme, which, in the end, terminated in his liberty; not, however, + without infinite danger and trouble. He set about finding out some small chance which + might afford the least hope of release; and having discovered one of the sentries + that had served in the United States, and remembered the kindness with which he had + been there treated, Barney and he formed the means of escape. It was arranged that + Barney should affect to have hurt his foot and obtain a pair of crutches, and thus + lull suspicion.</p> + <a name="page292" id="page292"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 292]</span> + <p>On the 18th of May, 1781, he habited himself in the undress uniform of a British + officer, the whole covered with a old greatcoat, and, by the aid of the sentinel, + cleared the prison; when he threw off the coat, and soon arrived at the house of a + well known friend to the American cause, in Plymouth. That he might not be soon + missed, he got a lad, who, after answering to his own name, was to get out, and + answer to Barney's, in the yard, which little stratagem succeeded admirably. When + Barney arrived at the friend's house, he made preparations to leave as soon as + possible, well knowing that if any of the British were detected harboring him, they + would be convicted of high treason. In the evening, therefore, he departed to the + house of his friend's father, at a considerable distance, where he would be safer. On + arriving there, he was surprised to find two of his old + friends—Americans—who had been, for some time, anxiously waiting for an + opportunity of returning home, and now thought that the time had arrived.</p> + <a name="page293" id="page293"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 293]</span> + <p>Lieutenant Barney determined to sail for the French coast, and, for this purpose, + he and the two gentlemen purchased a small fishing vessel, and habiting themselves in + some fishermen's old apparel, they set sail on their intended voyage. Admiral Digby's + fleet lay at the mouth of the river, and our adventurers had to pass through the + midst of them, and then run the chance of capture by the numerous British cruisers, + which continually ply about the channel. This was a daring undertaking, as the fleet, + he thought, had doubtless received notice of his escape, and the enemy would be rigid + in their search. He, therefore, determined to act with coolness, and, if intercepted, + to give such answers to the questions put to him, as might best lull suspicion. If he + was detected, he would pay for the attempt with his life.</p> + <p>He knew that if his escape was detected, it would be immediately communicated to + the fleet, and thus lessen his chances; especially as the least unusual appearance in + his assumed character, would excite immediate suspicion. Even should he be able to + pass through the fleet, the British channel abounded with the English cruisers, which + were quite adept in the art of picking up stragglers. With these dangers painted in + lively colors before his eyes, he preserved his usual self-possession, and inspired + with confidence his companions, who had never handled a rope, and relied exclusively + upon his daring.</p> + <a name="page294" id="page294"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 294]</span> + <p>By sunrise, the next morning, they were "under way," the two gentlemen remaining + below, and Lieutenant Barney and the servant being the only ones on deck, to avoid + suspicion. With a good breeze, and a favorable tide, it was not long before they were + in the midst of the hostile fleet, which seemed to take no notice of them. Their + hearts beat quick when they were thus hanging between life and death; but as soon as + the last of the enemy was passed, they declared themselves safe through <i>that</i> + portion of the ordeal.</p> + <a name="page295" id="page295"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 295]</span> + <p>But what attempt ever ended to the satisfaction of the undertaker? Before the + enemy were clear out of sight, the practised eye of Barney caught a sail which he + knew to be bearing down upon him. He saw that resistance was out of the question; but + that if he managed the affair adroitly he <i>might</i> escape. It was now that he was + called upon to exercise that firmness of mind, coolness and contempt of danger, and + quickness of resource in time of need, that ever distinguished his character, and + showed him to be a man of no ordinary talents. In less than an hour the + privateer—for such she was—came alongside, and sent an officer to see + "what he wanted steering for a hostile coast." The first questions that were put, and + answered unhesitatingly, were—what he had on board? and where he was bound? Of + course he had nothing on board, and his destination was France—on business of + importance from the ministry; at the same time untying the rope that bound the old + coat around him, and displaying the British half uniform. The officer touched his + hat, begged pardon, and said he would go on board and report to the commanding + officer.</p> + <p>The result of the interview was that Barney was made a prisoner once more, and + ordered with a prize-master to Plymouth. But being forced by stress of weather into a + small bay, near Plymouth, he contrived to escape from his captors, and find his way + to the mansion of the venerable clergyman, at Plymouth. Deeming it unsafe to remain + there, lest he might be discovered, after a few days he set out at midnight in a + postchaise for Exeter, and from thence by stages to Bristol, where he had a letter of + credit to an American gentleman.</p> + <a name="page296" id="page296"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 296]</span> + <p>Here he remained for three weeks, and from thence he went to London, directed to a + countryman, who received him kindly, and offered his services towards effecting his + final escape. After remaining here for six weeks, he found an opportunity of sailing + for France; and after an extremely boisterous and squally passage, reached Ostend, + from whence he soon found his way to Amsterdam, where he seized the opportunity of + paying his respects to Mr. John Adams, then Minister Plenipotentiary from the United + States to Holland. Through the courtesy of this gentleman, he obtained a passage to + his own country, and, after some adventures, reached Philadelphia, on the 21st of + March, 1782.</p> + <a name="page297" id="page297"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 297]</span> + <p>But he was not long allowed to enjoy the pleasure which he expected, after such a + trial of danger and fatigue. In less than a week after he arrived at Philadelphia, he + was offered the command of the Hyder Ally, of sixteen guns, fitted out by the state + authorities of Pennsylvania, to repress the enemy's privateers, with which the + Delaware river abounded.</p> + <p>On the 8th of April, 1782, he entered upon his destined service, which was to + convoy a fleet of merchantmen to the capes, and to protect them from the "refugee + boats," with which the river abounded. While waiting at the capes, he was assailed by + two ships and a brig belong to the enemy, who, finding him unsupported, commenced a + furious attack, which he sustained with great coolness, while his convoy were safely + retiring up the river. The brig came up first, and gave him a broadside as she was + passing; but kept her course up the bay after the convoy, while Barney waited for the + ship, which was coming up rapidly. Having approached within pistol shot, the Hyder + Ally poured a broadside into her, which somewhat staggered the enemy, who thought + Barney would <a name="page298" id="page298"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 298]</span> + "strike his colors." The enemy seemed disposed to board, and was ranging alongside of + him, when he ordered the quarter-master, in a loud voice, to "port the + helm!"—having previously given him secret instructions to put the helm hard + a-starboard, which latter order was obeyed; by this manoeuvre the enemy's jib-boom + caught in the fore-rigging of the Hyder Ally, thus giving her a raking position, + which Captain Barney knew how to improve. The firing on both sides was + tremendous;—an idea of it may be obtained from the fact, that more than twenty + broadsides were fired in twenty-six minutes! In the mizzen staystail of the General + Monk there were afterwards counted, three hundred and sixty-five shot-holes. During + the whole of this short but glorious battle, Captain Barney was stationed upon the + quarterdeck, exposed to the fire of the enemy's musketry, which was excessively + annoying, and began to be felt by the men, insomuch that Captain Barney ordered a + body of riflemen, whom he had on board, to direct their fire into the enemy's top, + which immediately had the desired effect.</p> + <a name="page299" id="page299"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 299]</span> + <p>The capture of the General Monk was one of the most brilliant achievements in + naval history. The General Monk mounted eighteen guns, and had one hundred and + thirty-six men, and lost twenty men killed, and thirty-three wounded. The Hyder Ally + had sixteen guns, and one hundred and ten men, and lost four men killed, and eleven + wounded.</p> + <p>All the officers of the General Monk were wounded except one. The captain himself + was severely wounded. The brig which accompanied the enemy ran ashore to avoid + capture. Captain Barney now followed his convoy up to Philadelphia. After a short + visit to his family, he returned to his command, where he soon captured the + "Hook-'em-snivy"—a refugee schooner, which had done a great deal of mischief on + the Delaware river.</p> + <a name="page300" id="page300"></a><span class="newpage">[pg 300]</span> + <p>These captures struck such terror among the privateers, that they began to + disperse to more profitable grounds. In consequence of the glorious actions, Captain + Barney was presented with a gold-hilted sword, in the name of the state.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image129_full.png"><img src="images/image129_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <hr class="full" /> + <p>A CATALOGUE OF ENTERTAINING AND INSTRUCTIVE JUVENILE BOOKS,</p> + <p>PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY</p> + <p>C.G. HENDERSON & CO.</p> + <p>AT THEIR</p> + <p>Central Book & Stationary Warehouse,</p> + <p>No. 164 CHESTNUT STREET</p> + <p><i>Corner of Seventh</i></p> + <p>UNDER BARNUM'S MUSEUM.</p> + <p>PHILADELPHIA.</p> + <hr /> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image130_full.png"><img src="images/image130_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>Nut Cracker and Sugar Dolly</p> + <p>A PARTY TALE.</p> + <p>TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN.</p> + <p>BY CHARLES A. DANA</p> + <p>SQUARE 16mo. CLOTH AND CLOTH GILT</p> + <hr class="thoughtbreak" /> + <p>This New Fairy Tale is one of the liveliest, most readable, and most + unexceptionable for Children which has ever appeared.</p> + <hr /> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image131_full.png"><img src="images/image131_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>THRILLING STORIES</p> + <p>of the</p> + <p>OCEAN.</p> + <p>for the Entertainment and Instruction of Young.</p> + <hr class="thoughtbreak" /> + <p>This is a neat Volume of 300 pages, with numerous Embellishments. It is written in + a familiar, popular style, and is well suited to the Juvenile, Family or School + library.</p> + <p>CLOTH BINDING, PLAIN AND GILT EXTRA.</p> + <hr /> + <h2>COSTUMES OF EUROPE.</h2> + <p>Beautifully Embellished with 24 Engravings of Original Costumes. One vol. Square + 16mo. Fine Cloth binding, 50 cts; with Col'd Engravings, 75 cts.</p> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image132_full.png"><img src="images/image132_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>This is a Companion volume to the COSTUMES OF AMERICA, and is equally instructive + as well as pleasing for young readers.</p> + <p>Every intelligent Boy should possess a Copy of the Book of Costumes of Europe and + America.</p> + <hr /> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image133_full.png"><img src="images/image133_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>KRISS KRINGLE'S</p> + <p>RHYME BOOK.</p> + <hr class="thoughtbreak" /> + <p>A lively book of Rhymes for very little Children.</p> + <p>RICHLY EMBELLISHED WITH PICTURES.</p> + <p>Square 16mo. Paper Covers, 12-1/2 cents.</p> + <p>Cloth Binding, 25 cents.</p> + <hr /> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image134_full.png"><img src="images/image134_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <h2>[Illustration]</h2> + <p>MAJA'S ALPHABET.</p> + <p>A</p> + <p>VERY BEAUTIFUL PICTORIAL ALPHABET,</p> + <p>IN RHYME</p> + <p>WITH NEW AND ORIGINAL DESIGNS, BY ABSOLON.</p> + <hr /> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image135_full.png"><img src="images/image135_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>CARLO FRANCONI,</p> + <p>AN ITALIAN STORY,</p> + <p>And other stories for Young People.</p> + <p>BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS FROM ORIGINAL DESIGNS.</p> + <p>Square 16mo. Cloth Binding.</p> + <p>This is a very touching and entertaining Story for Youth. The Scene is laid in + England, and in Italy, the incidents are of a peculiarly interesting character.</p> + <hr /> + <br clear="all" /> + <div class="figcenter"> + <a href="images/image136_full.png"><img src="images/image136_thumbnail.png" + alt="" /></a> + </div> + <p>COSTUMES OF AMERICA.</p> + <hr class="thoughtbreak" /> + <p>An excellent volume for Young People of both sexes, and well calculated to awaken + an interest in the History of this Continent. Illustrated with Twenty-four Engravings + of Original Costumes. One volume, square 16mo. Cloth, 60 cents. With Colored Plates, + 75 cents.</p> + + <div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13604 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + + diff --git a/13604-h/images/image100_full.png b/13604-h/images/image100_full.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc29816 --- /dev/null +++ b/13604-h/images/image100_full.png diff --git a/13604-h/images/image100_thumbnail.png b/13604-h/images/image100_thumbnail.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7dbc1fb --- /dev/null +++ b/13604-h/images/image100_thumbnail.png diff --git a/13604-h/images/image101_full.png b/13604-h/images/image101_full.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e4f5b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/13604-h/images/image101_full.png diff --git a/13604-h/images/image101_thumbnail.png b/13604-h/images/image101_thumbnail.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a1c9f02 --- /dev/null +++ b/13604-h/images/image101_thumbnail.png diff --git a/13604-h/images/image102_full.png 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