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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims
+by American Anti-Slavery Society
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims
+       Anti-Slavery Tracts No. 18
+
+Author: American Anti-Slavery Society
+
+Release Date: November 9, 2004 [EBook #13990]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Curtis Weyant, Andrea Ball and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE
+
+FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
+
+AND
+
+ITS VICTIMS.
+
+AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY,
+138 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK.
+1856.
+
+
+
+
+ANTI-SLAVERY TRACTS. No. 18.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW, AND ITS VICTIMS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Fugitive Slave Law was enacted by Congress in September, 1850,
+received the signature of HOWELL COBB, [of Georgia,] as Speaker of
+the House of Representatives, of WILLIAM R. KING, [of Alabama,] as
+President of the Senate, and was "approved," September 18th, of that
+year, by MILLARD FILLMORE, Acting President of the United States.
+
+The authorship of the Bill is generally ascribed to James M. Mason,
+Senator from Virginia. Before proceeding to the principal object of
+this tract, it is proper to give a synopsis of the Act itself, which
+was well called, by the New York _Evening Post_, "An Act for the
+Encouragement of Kidnapping." It is in ten sections.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS OF THE LAW.
+
+SECTION 1. United States Commissioners "authorized and required to
+exercise and discharge all the powers and duties conferred by this
+act."
+
+SECT. 2. Commissioners for the Territories to be appointed by the
+Superior Court of the same.
+
+SECT. 3. United States Circuit Courts, and Superior Courts of
+Territories, required to enlarge the number of Commissioners, "with
+a view to afford reasonable facilities to reclaim fugitives from
+labor," &c.
+
+SECT. 4. Commissioners put on the same footing with Judges of the
+United States Courts, with regard to enforcing the Law and its
+penalties.
+
+SECT. 5. United States Marshals and deputy marshals, who may refuse
+to act under the Law, to be fined One Thousand dollars, to the use
+of the claimant. If a fugitive escape from the custody of the
+Marshal, the Marshal to be liable for his full value. Commissioners
+authorized to appoint special officers, and to call out the _posse
+comitatus_, &c.
+
+SECT. 6. The claimant of any fugitive slave, or his attorney, "may
+pursue and reclaim such fugitive person," either by procuring a
+warrant from some judge or commissioner, "or by seizing and
+arresting such fugitive, where the same can be done without
+process;" to take such fugitive before such judge or commissioner,
+"whose duty it shall be to hear and determine the case of such
+claimant in a summary manner," and, if satisfied of the identity of
+the prisoner, to grant a certificate to said claimant to "remove
+such fugitive person back to the State or Territory from whence he
+or she may have escaped,"--using "such reasonable force or restraint
+as may be necessary under the circumstances of the case." "In no
+trial or hearing under this act shall the testimony of such alleged
+fugitive be admitted in evidence." All molestation of the claimant,
+in the removal of his slave, "by any process issued by any court,
+judge, magistrate, or other person whomsoever," to be prevented.
+
+SECT. 7. Any person obstructing the arrest of a fugitive, or
+attempting his or her rescue, or aiding him or her to escape, or
+harboring and concealing a fugitive, knowing him to be such, shall
+be subject to a fine of not exceeding one thousand dollars, and to
+be imprisoned not exceeding six months, and shall also "forfeit and
+pay the sum of one thousand dollars for each fugitive so _lost_."
+
+SECT. 8. Marshals, deputies, clerks, and special officers to receive
+usual fees; Commissioners to receive ten dollars, if fugitive is
+given up to claimant; otherwise, five dollars; to be paid by
+claimant.
+
+SECT. 9. If claimant make affidavit that he fears a rescue of such
+fugitive from his possession, the officer making the arrest to
+retain him in custody, and "to remove him to the State whence he
+fled." Said officer "to employ so many persons as he may deem
+necessary." All, while so employed, be paid out of the Treasury of
+the United States.
+
+Sect. 10. [This Section provides an additional and wholly distinct
+method for the capture of a fugitive; and, it may be added, one of
+the loosest and most extraordinary that ever appeared on the pages
+of Statute book.] Any person, from whom one held to service or labor
+has escaped, upon making "satisfactory proof" of such escape before
+any court of record, or judge thereof in vacation--a record of
+matter so proved shall be made by such court, or judge, and also a
+description of the person escaping, "with such convenient certainty
+as may be;"--a copy of which record, duly attested, "being produced
+in any other State, Territory, or District," and "being exhibited to
+any judge, commissioner, or other officer authorized," &c. "shall be
+held and taken to be full and conclusive evidence of the fact of
+escape, and that the service or labor of the person escaping is due
+to the party in such record mentioned;" when, on satisfactory proof
+of identity, "he or she shall be delivered up to the claimant."
+"_Provided_, That nothing herein contained shall be construed as
+requiring the production of a transcript of such record as evidence
+as aforesaid; but in its absence, the claim shall be heard and
+determined upon other satisfactory proofs competent in law."
+
+
+The name of the NORTHERN men who voted for this cruel kidnapping law
+should not be forgotten. Until they repent, and do works meet for
+repentance, let their names stand high and conspicuous on the roll
+of infamy. Let the "slow-moving finger of scorn" point them out,
+when they walk among men, and the stings of shame, disappointment,
+and remorse continually visit them in secret, till they are forced
+to cry, "my punishment is greater than I can bear." As to the
+_Southern_ men who voted for the law, they only appeared in their
+legitimate character of oppressors of the poor--whom God will repay,
+in his own time. The thousand-tongued voices of their brother's
+blood cry against them from the ground.
+
+The following is the vote, in the SENATE, on the engrossment of the
+bill:--
+
+     YEAS,--Atchison, Badger, Barnwell, Bell, Berrien, Butler,
+     Davis (of Mississippi), Dawson, A.C. DODGE (of Iowa), Downs,
+     Foote, Houston, Hunter, JONES (of Iowa), King, Mangum, Mason,
+     Pearce, Rusk, Sebastian, Soule, Spruance, STURGEON (of
+     Pennsylvania), Turney, Underwood, Wales, Yulee.--27.
+
+     NAYS.--Baldwin, Bradbury, Chase, Cooper, Davis (of
+     Massachusetts), Dayton, Henry Dodge (of Wisconsin), Greene,
+     Smith, Upham, Walker, Winthrop.--12.
+
+     ABSENT, OR NOT VOTING.--Benton, Borland, _Bright_ of Indiana,
+     _Clarke_ of Rhode Island, Clay, _Cass_ of Michigan, Clemens,
+     _Dickinson_ of New York, _Douglas_ of Illinois, _Ewing_ of
+     Ohio, _Felch_ of Michigan, _Hale_ of New Hampshire, _Hamlin_
+     of Maine, _Miller_ of New Jersey, Morton, _Norris_ of New
+     Hampshire, _Phelps_ of Vermont, Pratt, _Seward_ of New York,
+     _Shields_ of Illinois, _Whitcomb_ of Indiana. [Fifteen
+     Northern Senators absent from the vote.]
+
+
+On the final passage of the Bill in the Senate, the yeas and nays
+were not taken. _D.S. Dickinson_ of New York, who had been absent
+when the vote was taken on the engrossment, spoke in favor of the
+bill. Mr. Seward was said to be absent from the city, detained by
+ill health.
+
+When the Bill came up in the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, (September
+12th,) JAMES THOMPSON of Pennsylvania, got the floor,--doubtless by
+a previous understanding with the Speaker,--and addressed the House
+in support of the Bill. He closed his remarks by _moving the
+previous question_! It was ordered, and thus all opportunity for
+reply, and for discussion of the Bill was cut off. The Bill was then
+passed to its third reading--equivalent to enactment--by a vote of
+109 YEAS, to 75 NAYS; as follows:--
+
+YEAS.
+     _Maine._--THOMAS J.D. FULLER, of Calais; ELBRIDGE GERRY, of
+     Waterford; NATHANIEL S. LITTLEFIELD, of Bridgton.
+
+     _New Hampshire._--HARRY HIBBARD, of Bath; CHARLES H. PEASLEE,
+     of Concord.
+
+     _Massachusetts._--SAMUEL A. ELIOT, of Boston.
+
+     _New York._--HIRAM WALDEN, of Waldensville.
+
+     _New Jersey._--ISAAC WILDRICK, of Blairstown.
+
+     _Pennsylvania._--MILO M. DIMMICK, of Stroudsburg; JOB MANN,
+     of Bedford; J.X. MCLANAHAN, of Chambersburg; JOHN ROBBINS,
+     Jr., of Philadelphia; THOMAS ROSS, of Doylestown; JAMES
+     THOMPSON, of Erie.
+
+     _Ohio._--MOSES HOAGLAND, of Millersburg; JOHN K. MILLER, of
+     Mount Vernon; JOHN L. TAYLOR, of Chillicothe.
+
+     _Michigan._--ALEXANDER W. BUELL, of Detroit.
+
+     _Indiana._--NATHANIEL ALBERTSON, of Greenville; WILLIAM J.
+     BROWN, of Amity; CYRUS L. DUNHAM, of Salem; WILLIS A. GORMAN,
+     of Bloomington; JOSEPH E. MCDONALD, of Crawfordsville; EDWARD
+     W. MCGAUGHEY, of Rockville.
+
+     _Illinois._--WILLIAM H. BISSELL, of Belleville; THOMAS L.
+     HARRIS, of Petersburg; JOHN A. MCCLERNAND; WILLIAM A.
+     RICHARDSON, of Quincy; TIMOTHY R. YOUNG, of Marshall.
+
+     _Iowa._--SHEPHERD LEFFLER, of Burlington.
+
+     _California._--EDWARD GILBERT.
+
+[All these Northern Traitors called themselves _Democrats_! save
+three--_Eliot_ of Massachusetts, _Taylor_ of Ohio, and _McGaughey_
+of Indiana, who were Whigs.]
+
+--> Every Representative of a Slaveholding State, who voted at all,
+voted YEA. Their names are needless, and are omitted.
+
+
+NAYS
+     _Maine._--Otis, Sawtelle, Stetson.
+
+     _New Hampshire._--Amos Tuck.
+
+     _Vermont._--Hebard, Henry, Meacham.
+
+     _Massachusetts._--Allen, Duncan, Fowler, Mann.
+
+     _Rhode Island._--Dixon, King.
+
+     _Connecticut._--Butler, Booth, Waldo.
+
+     _New York._--Alexander, Bennett, Briggs, Burrows, Gott,
+     Gould, Halloway, Jackson, John A. King, Preston King,
+     Matteson, McKissock, Nelson, Putnam, Rumsey, Sackett,
+     Schermerhorn, Schoolcraft, Thurman, Underhill, Silvester.
+
+     _New Jersey._--Hay, King.
+
+     _Pennsylvania._--Calvin, Chandler, Dickey, Freedley, Hampton,
+     Howe, Moore, Pitman, Reed, Stevens.
+
+     _Ohio._--Cable, Carter, Campbell, M.B. Corwin, Crowell,
+     Disney, Evans, Giddings, Hunter, Morris, Root, Vinton,
+     Whittlesey, Wood.
+
+     _Michigan._--Bingham, Sprague.
+
+     _Indiana._--Fitch, Harlan, Julian, Robinson.
+
+     _Illinois._--Baker, Wentworth.
+
+     _Wisconsin._--Cole, Doty, Durkee.
+
+     _California._--Wright.
+
+
+ABSENT, OR NOT VOTING.
+     Andrews, Ashmun (Mass.), Bokee, Brooks, Butler, Casey,
+     Cleveland (Conn.), Clarke, Conger, Duer, Gilmore, Goodenow,
+     Grinnell (Mass.), Levin, Nes, Newell, Ogle, Olds, Peck,
+     Phoenix, Potter, Reynolds, Risley, Rockwell (Mass.), Rose,
+     Schenck, Spaulding, Strong, Sweetser, Thompson (Iowa), Van
+     Dyke, White, Wilmot (Penn.) [33--all Northern men.]
+
+     [Fifteen Southern Representatives did not vote.]
+
+DANIEL WEBSTER was not a member of the Senate when the vote on the
+Fugitive Slave Bill was taken. He had been made Secretary of State,
+a short time previous. All, however, will remember the powerful aid
+which he gave to the new compromise measures, and among them to the
+Fugitive Slave Bill, in his notorious Seventh of March Speech,
+[1850.] A few extracts from that Speech will show how heavily the
+responsibility of the existence of this law rests upon DANIEL
+WEBSTER:--
+
+     "I suppose there is to be found no injunction against
+     that relation [Slavery] between man and man, in the
+     teachings of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, or of any of his
+     Apostles."--_Webster's 7th March Speech_, (_Authorized
+     Edition_,) p. 9.
+
+     "One complaint of the South has, in my opinion, just
+     foundation; and that is, that there has been found at
+     the North, among individuals and among legislators, a
+     disinclination to perform, fully, their Constitutional duties
+     in regard to the return of persons bound to service, who have
+     escaped into the free States. In that respect, it is my
+     judgment that the South is right, and the North is wrong."
+     * * * * "My friend at the head of the Judiciary Committee
+     [Mr. MASON of Virginia] has a bill on the subject now before
+     the Senate, with some amendments to it, WHICH I PROPOSE
+     TO SUPPORT, WITH ALL ITS PROVISIONS, _to the fullest
+     extent_."--_Idem._ p. 29.
+
+     He proceeded to assure the Senate that the North would, on
+     due consideration, fulfil "their constitutional obligations"
+     "_with alacrity_." "Therefore, I repeat, sir, that here is a
+     ground of complaint against the North well founded, which
+     ought to be removed, which it is now in the power of the
+     different departments of this Government to remove; which
+     calls for the enactment of proper laws authorizing the
+     judicature of this Government, in the several States, to do
+     all that is necessary for the recapture of fugitive slaves,
+     and for the restoration of them to those who claim them
+     Wherever I go, and whenever I speak on the subject, and when
+     I speak here, I desire to speak to the whole North, I say
+     that the South has been injured in this respect, and has a
+     right to complain; and the North has been too careless of
+     what, I think, the Constitution peremptorily and emphatically
+     enjoins upon her as a duty."--_Idem._ p. 30.
+
+In a speech in the United States Senate, July 17, 1850, made with an
+evident view to calm that Northern feeling which had been aroused
+and excited by his 7th of March speech, beyond the power of priest
+or politician wholly to subdue, Mr. WEBSTER said there were various
+misapprehensions respecting the working of the proposed Fugitive
+Slave Bill:--
+
+     "The first of these misapprehensions," he said, "is an
+     exaggerated sense of the actual evil of the reclamation of
+     fugitive slaves, felt by Massachusetts and the other New
+     England States. What produced that? The cases do not exist.
+     There has not been a case within the knowledge of this
+     generation, in which a man has been taken back from
+     Massachusetts into slavery by process of law, not one."
+     * * * * "Not only has there been no case, so far as I can
+     learn, of the reclamation of a slave by his master, which
+     ended in taking him back to slavery, in this generation, but
+     I will add, that, as far as I have been able to go back in my
+     researches, as far as I have been able to hear and learn, in
+     all that region there has been no one case of false claim.
+     * * * _There is no danger of any such violation being
+     perpetrated."[A]--Webster's Speech on the Compromise Bill, in
+     the United States Senate, 17th of July, 1850, edition of
+     Gideon & Co., Washington_, pp. 23-25.
+
+     [Footnote A: See also Mr. Webster's letter to the Citizens of
+     Newburyport, dated May 15th, 1850, wherein he urges the same
+     point, with great pains of argument.]
+
+With such words did Mr. Webster endeavor to allay Northern alarm,
+and to create the impression (which was created and which prevailed
+extensively with his friends) that the Fugitive Law was only a
+concession to Southern feeling, and that few or no attempts to
+enforce it were likely to be made.
+
+But when a few months had proved him a false prophet, and the
+Southern chase after fugitive men, women, and children had become
+hot and fierce, and in one or two instances the hunter had been
+foiled in his attempts and had lost his prey, Mr. Webster changed
+his tone, as follows:--
+
+     In May, 1851, at Syracuse, N.Y., he said: "Depend upon it,
+     the Law [the Fugitive Slave Law] will be executed in its
+     spirit and to its letter. It will be executed in all the
+     great cities--here in Syracuse, in the midst of the next
+     Anti-Slavery Convention, if the occasion shall arise."
+
+Certainly, so far as in Mr. Webster lay, so far as was in the power
+of Mr. Fillmore, and the officers of the United States Government
+generally, and of the still larger crowd of _expectants_ of office,
+nothing was left undone to introduce the tactics, discipline, and
+customs of the Southern plantation into our Northern cities and
+towns, in order to enforce the Fugitive Law.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The remainder of this Tract will be devoted to a record, as complete
+as circumstances enable us to make, of the VICTIMS OF THE FUGITIVE
+SLAVE LAW. It is a terrible record, which the people of this country
+should never allow to sleep in oblivion, until the disgraceful and
+bloody system of Slavery is swept from our land, and with it, all
+Compromise Bills, all Constitutional Guarantees to Slavery, all
+Fugitive Slave Laws. The established and accredited newspapers
+of the day, without reference to party distinctions, are the
+authorities relied upon in making up this record, and the _dates_
+being given with each case, the reader is enabled to verify the
+same, and the few particulars which the compass of the Tract allows
+to be given with each. With all the effort which has been made to
+secure a good degree of completeness and exactness, the present
+record must of necessity be an imperfect one, and fall short of
+exhibiting all the enormities of the Act in question.
+
+     JAMES HAMLET, _of New York, September, 1850_, was the first
+     victim. He was surrendered by United States Commissioner
+     Gardiner to the agent of one Mary Brown, of Baltimore, who
+     claimed him as her slave. He was taken to Baltimore. An
+     effort was immediately made to purchase his freedom, and in
+     the existing state of the public feeling, the sum demanded by
+     his mistress, $800, was quickly raised. Hamlet was brought
+     back to New York with great rejoicings.
+
+     _Near Bedford, Penn., October 1._ Ten fugitives, from
+     Virginia, were attacked in Pennsylvania--one mortally
+     wounded, another dangerously. Next morning, both were
+     captured. Five others entered a mountain hut, and begged
+     relief. The woman supplied their wants. Her husband went out,
+     procured assistance, captured the slaves, and received a
+     reward of $255.
+
+     _Harrisburg, Penn., October._ Some slaves, number not
+     stated, were brought before Commissioner M'Allister, when
+     "the property was proven, and they were delivered to their
+     masters, who took them back to Virginia, by railroad, without
+     molestation."
+
+     _Detroit, 8th October._ A negro was arrested under the new
+     law, and sent to jail for a week, to await evidence. Great
+     numbers of colored people armed themselves to rescue him.
+     Result not known.
+
+     HENRY GARNETT, _Philadelphia_, arrested as the slave of
+     Thomas P. Jones, of Cecil County, Maryland, and taken before
+     Judge Grier, of the United States Supreme Court, October 18,
+     1850, who declared his determination to execute the law as he
+     found it. The Judge said that the claimant had not taken the
+     course prescribed by the fugitive act, and proceeded to
+     explain, in a detailed manner, what the course should be in
+     such cases. As the claimant thus failed to make out his case,
+     the prisoner was ordered to be discharged.
+
+     _Boston, about 25th October._ Attempt to seize WILLIAM and
+     ELLEN CRAFT. William Craft armed himself, and kept within
+     his shop. Ellen was concealed in the house of a friend.
+     Their claimants, named Hughes & Knight, were indicted for
+     defamation of character, in calling W.C. a slave, and brought
+     before a magistrate. The feeling excited against them was so
+     great, that they at length fled from the city. Shortly after,
+     it being considered hazardous for Mr. and Mrs. Craft to
+     remain in the country, they were enabled to escape to
+     England.
+
+     [In a letter, dated Macon, Georgia, Nov. 11, John Knight
+     gives a particular account of the proceedings and experiences
+     of himself and his friend Hughes, on their then recent visit
+     to Boston for the purpose, to quote his own language, "of
+     re-capturing William and Ellen Craft, the negroes belonging
+     to Dr. Collins and Ira Taylor." Willis H. Hughes also
+     published his statement.]
+
+     _New Albany, Indiana._ A woman and boy given up, and taken to
+     Louisville. They were so white that, even in Kentucky, a
+     strong feeling arose in their favor on that ground. They were
+     finally bought for $600, and set free.
+
+     ADAM GIBSON, _Philadelphia, December 21, 1850_. Surrendered
+     by Edward D. Ingraham, United States Commissioner. The case
+     was hurried through in indecent haste, testimony being
+     admitted against him of the most groundless character. One
+     witness swore that Gibson's name was Emery Rice. He was taken
+     to Elkton, Maryland. There, Mr. William S. Knight, his
+     supposed owner, refused to receive Gibson, saying he was not
+     the man, and he was taken back to Philadelphia.
+
+What compensation has the United States Government ever made to Adam
+Gibson, for the injurious act of its agent, Ingraham? Had not the
+Slaveholder been more honorable than the Commissioner or the makers
+of the Fugitive Law, Gibson would have been in Slavery for life.
+
+     HENRY LONG, _New York, December, 1850_. Brought before
+     Commissioner Charles M. Hall, claimed as the fugitive slave
+     of John T. Smith of Russell County, Virginia. After five or
+     six days' proceedings, there being some doubt of the
+     Commissioner's legal right to act, the alleged fugitive,
+     Long, was taken before Judge Judson, District Judge of the
+     United States. The Castle Garden Union Safety Committee
+     retained Mr. George Wood in this case, as counsel for the
+     slave claimant. Long was surrendered by Judge Judson, and
+     taken to Richmond, Virginia. Judge J. was complimented by the
+     _Washington Union_ as "a clear-headed, competent, and
+     independent officer, who has borne himself with equal
+     discretion, liberality, and firmness. Such judges as he,"
+     continues the _Union_, "are invaluable in these times of
+     turmoil and agitation." At Richmond, Long was advertised to
+     be sold at public auction. On Saturday, January 18th, he was
+     sold, amid the jeers and scoffs of the spectators, for $750,
+     to David Clapton, of Georgia. The auctioneers (Pullam &
+     Slade), in commencing, said there was one condition of the
+     sale. Bonds must be given by the purchaser that this man
+     shall be carried South, and that he shall be kept South, and
+     sold, if sold again, to go South; and they declared their
+     intention to see the terms fully complied with. Long was
+     subsequently advertised for sale at Atlanta, Georgia.
+
+     _Near Coatsville, Chester County, Penn._ On a writ issued by
+     Commissioner Ingraham, Deputy Marshal Halzell and other
+     officers, with the claimant of an alleged fugitive, at night,
+     knocked at the door of a colored family, and asked for a
+     light to enable them to mend their broken harness. The door
+     being opened for this purpose, the marshal's party rushed in,
+     and said they came to arrest a fugitive slave. Resistance was
+     made by the occupant of the house and others, and the
+     marshal's party finally driven off--the slave owner advising
+     that course, and saying, "Well, if this is a specimen of the
+     pluck of Pennsylvania negroes, I don't want my slaves back."
+     The master of the house was severely wounded in the arm by a
+     pistol shot; still he maintained his ground, declaring the
+     marshal's party should not pass except by first taking his
+     life.
+
+     _Marion, Williamson County, Ill., about December 10, 1850._
+     Mr. O'Havre, of the city police, Memphis, Tennessee, arrested
+     and took back to Memphis a fugitive slave, belonging to Dr.
+     Young. He did so, as the Memphis paper states, only "after
+     much difficulty and heavy expense, being strongly opposed by
+     the Free Soilers and Abolitionists, but was assisted by Mr.
+     W. Allen, member of Congress, and other gentlemen."
+
+     _Philadelphia, about January 10, 1851._ G.F. Alberti and
+     others seized, under the Fugitive Slave Law, a free colored
+     boy, named JOEL THOMPSON, alleging that he was a slave. The
+     boy was saved.
+
+     STEPHEN BENNETT, _Columbia, Penn._, arrested as the slave of
+     Edward B. Gallup, of Baltimore. Taken before Commissioner
+     Ingraham; thence, by _habeas corpus_, before Judge Kane. He
+     was saved only by his freedom being purchased by his friends.
+
+     _The Huntsville (Ala.) Advocate_, of January 1, 1851, said
+     that Messrs. Markwood & Chester had brought back "_seven of
+     their Slaves_" from Michigan.
+
+     _The Memphis (Tenn.) Eagle_, of a later date, says that
+     within a few weeks "at least five fugitive slaves have been
+     brought back to this city, from free States, with as little
+     trouble as would be had in recovering stray cows." The same
+     paper adds, "We occasionally receive letters notifying us
+     that a slave, said to be the property of some one in this
+     vicinity, has been lodged in jail in Illinois or Indiana, for
+     his owner, who will please call, pay charges, and take him
+     away."
+
+     _In Boston, end of January, 1851._ A colored man, lately from
+     North Carolina, was sought by officers, under Marshal Devens,
+     aided by a lawyer, named Spencer, provided by the New York
+     Union Safety Committee. The arrest was not attempted. It was
+     found that the colored man was too strongly guarded and
+     protected.
+
+     Mrs. TAMOR, or EUPHEMIA WILLIAMS, _Philadelphia, February,
+     1851_, mother of six children, arrested and brought before
+     Commissioner Ingraham, as the slave Mahala, belonging to
+     William T.J. Purnell, of Worcester County, Maryland, admitted
+     to have been absent since 1829--twenty-two years. Children
+     all born in Pennsylvania; oldest about seventeen--a girl. Her
+     husband also in custody, and alleged to be the slave of
+     another man. Under writ of _habeas corpus_, Mrs. Williams was
+     taken before Judge Kane, of the United States Circuit Court.
+     After a full hearing, she was discharged, as not being the
+     woman alleged.
+
+     SHADRACH, _in Boston, February 15, 1851_. Arrested in Taft's
+     Cornhill Coffee House, by deputies of United States Marshal
+     Devens, on a warrant issued by George T. Curtis, United
+     States Commissioner, on the complaint of John Caphart,
+     attorney of John De Bree, of Norfolk, Va. Seth J. Thomas
+     appeared as counsel for Caphart. After a brief hearing before
+     G.T. Curtis, Commissioner, the case was adjourned to the
+     following Tuesday. Shortly after the adjournment, the
+     court-room was entered by a body of men, who bore away the
+     prisoner, Shadrach. After which he was heard of in Montreal,
+     Canada, having successfully, with the aid of many friends,
+     escaped the snares of all kidnappers, in and out of Boston.
+     The acting President, MILLARD FILLMORE, issued his
+     proclamation, countersigned by DANIEL WEBSTER, Secretary of
+     State, requiring prosecutions to be commenced against all who
+     participated in the rescue.
+
+     _Shawneetown, Illinois._ A woman was claimed by Mr. Haley,
+     of Georgia, as his slave; and was delivered up to him by two
+     Justices of the Peace, (early in 1851.)
+
+     _Madison, Indiana._ George W. Mason, of Davies County,
+     Kentucky, arrested a colored man, named MITCHUM, who, with
+     his wife and children, lived near Vernon. The case was tried
+     before a Justice of the Peace, named Basnett, who was
+     satisfied that Mitchum was Davis's slave, and had left his
+     service _nineteen years before_. The slave was accordingly
+     delivered up, and was taken to Kentucky, (Feb. 1851.)
+
+     _Clearfield County, Penn., about 20th January, 1851._ A
+     boy was kidnapped and taken into slavery.--_Mercer (Pa.)
+     Presbyterian_.
+
+     _Near Ripley, Ohio._ A fugitive slave, about January 20,
+     killed his pursuer. He was afterwards taken and carried back
+     to slavery.
+
+     _Burlington, Lawrence County, Ohio, near the end of February,
+     1851_, four liberated slaves were kidnapped, re-enslaved, and
+     sold. Efforts were made to bring the perpetrators of this
+     nefarious act to punishment, and restore the victims to
+     freedom.
+
+     _At Philadelphia, early in March, 1851_, occurred the case of
+     the colored woman HELEN or HANNAH, and her son, a child of
+     tender years. She was taken before a Commissioner, and
+     thence, by writ of _habeas corpus_, before Judge Kane. An
+     additional question arose from the fact that the woman would
+     soon become the mother of another child. Judge Kane decided
+     that she was the property of John Perdu, of Baltimore,
+     together with her son, and her unborn child, and they were
+     all surrendered accordingly, and taken into slavery.
+
+     _Pittsburg, March 13, 1851._ RICHARD GARDINER was arrested in
+     Bridgewater, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, claimed as the
+     property of Miss R. Byers, of Louisville, Kentucky. Judge
+     Irwin, of the United States District Court, "remanded the
+     fugitive back to his owner." He was afterwards bought for
+     $600, and brought into a free State.
+
+     _The Wilmington (Del.) Journal_, in March, 1851, says
+     kidnapping has become quite frequent in that State; and
+     speaks of a negro kidnapped in that city, on the previous
+     Wednesday night, by a man who had been one of the city
+     watchmen.
+
+     THOMAS SIMS, arrested in _Boston_, April 4, 1851, at first on
+     pretence of a charge of theft. But when he understood it was
+     as a fugitive from slavery, he drew a knife and wounded one
+     of the officers. He was taken before Commissioner George T.
+     Curtis. To guard against a repetition of the Shadrach rescue,
+     the United States Marshal, Devens, aided by the Mayor (John
+     P. Bigelow) and City Marshal (Francis Tukey) of Boston,
+     surrounded the Court House, in Boston, with heavy chains,
+     guarded it by a strong extra force of police officers, with a
+     strong body of guards also within the building, where the
+     fugitive was imprisoned as well as tried. Several military
+     companies also were called out by the city authorities, and
+     kept in readiness night and day to act against the people,
+     should they attempt the deliverance of Sims; Faneuil Hall
+     itself being turned into barracks for these hirelings of
+     slavery. Every effort was made by S.E. Sewall, Esq., Hon.
+     Robert Rantoul, Jr., and Charles G. Loring, Esq., to save
+     Sims from being returned into slavery, and Boston from the
+     eternal and ineffaceable disgrace of the act. But in vain.
+     The omnipotent Slave Power demanded of Boston a victim for
+     its infernal sacrifices. Millard Fillmore, Daniel Webster,
+     and their numerous tools, on the Bench, in Commissioners'
+     seats, and other official stations, or in hopes of gaining
+     such stations bye and bye, had fallen upon their faces
+     before the monster idol, and sworn that the victim should
+     be prepared. Thomas Sims was ordered back to slavery by
+     Commissioner G.T. Curtis, and was taken from the Court House,
+     in Boston, early on the morning of April 11th, [1851,] to the
+     Brig Acorn, lying at the end of Long Wharf, and thence in the
+     custody of officers, to Savannah, Georgia.
+
+     There, after being lodged in jail, and severely and cruelly
+     whipped, as was reported, he was at length sold, and became
+     merged and lost in the great multitude of the enslaved
+     population. The surrender of Sims is said to have cost the
+     United States Government $10,000; the City of Boston about as
+     much more; and Mr. Potter, the claimant of Sims, about
+     $2,400, making a total of some $22,000, directly expended on
+     the case.
+
+     _Vincennes, Indiana, April, 1851._ Four fugitive slaves were
+     seized, claimed by one Mr. Kirwan, of or near Florence,
+     Alabama. The magistrate, named Robinson, gave up the
+     fugitives, and they were taken into slavery.
+
+     _In Salisbury Township, Penn., April, 1851_, an elderly man
+     was kidnapped and carried into Maryland.
+
+     _Near Sandy Hill, Chester County, Penn., in March, 1851_, a
+     very worthy and estimable colored man, named Thomas Hall, was
+     forcibly seized, his house being broken into by three armed
+     ruffians, who beat him and his wife with clubs. He was
+     kidnapped.
+
+     MOSES JOHNSON, _Chicago, Illinois_, brought before a United
+     States Commissioner, discharged as not answering to the
+     description of the man claimed.
+
+     CHARLES WEDLEY, kidnapped from _Pittsburg, Pennsylvania_, and
+     taken into Maryland. He was found, and brought back.
+
+     _Cincinnati, Ohio, June 3, 1851_, an attempt to arrest a
+     fugitive was made. But a scuffle ensued, in which the man
+     escaped.
+
+     _Cincinnati, Ohio._ About the same time, some slaves, (number
+     not stated,) belonging to Rev. Mr. Perry and others, of
+     Covington, Kentucky, were taken in Cincinnati, and carried
+     back to Kentucky.
+
+     _Philadelphia, end of June, 1851_, a colored man was taken
+     away as a slave, by steamboat. A writ of _Habeas Corpus_ was
+     got out but the officer could not find the man. This is
+     probably the same case with that of JESSE WHITMAN, arrested
+     at Wilkesbarre.
+
+     FRANK JACKSON, a free colored man in _Mercer, Penn._, was
+     taken, early in 1851, by a man named Charles May, into
+     Virginia, and sold as a slave. He tried to escape, but was
+     taken and lodged in Fincastle jail, Virginia.
+
+     THOMAS SCOTT JOHNSON, free colored man, of _New Bedford_, was
+     arrested near Portsmouth, Virginia, and was about to be sold
+     as a slave; but, by the strenuous interposition of Capt.
+     Card, certificates were obtained from New Bedford, and he was
+     set at liberty.
+
+     ELIZABETH WILLIAMS, _West Chester County, Penn._, delivered
+     into slavery by Commissioner Jones. (July, 1851.)
+
+     DANIEL HAWKINS, of _Lancaster County, Penn._, (July, 1851,)
+     was brought before Commissioner Ingraham, Philadelphia, and
+     by him delivered to his claimant, and he was taken into
+     slavery.
+
+     _New Athens, Ohio, July 8, 1851._ Eighteen slaves, who had
+     escaped from Lewis County, Kentucky, were discovered in
+     an old building in Adams County, Ohio. Some white men,
+     professing to be friendly, misled them, and brought them to a
+     house, where they were imprisoned, bound one by one, and
+     carried back to Kentucky. [The enactment of the Fugitive
+     Slave Law is the direct stimulating cause of all these cases
+     of kidnapping.]
+
+     _Buffalo, August, 1851._ Case of DANIEL ----. D. was a cook
+     on board the steamer "Buckeye State." He was engaged in his
+     avocation, when Benj. S. Rust, with a warrant from United
+     States Commissioner H.K. Smith, went on board the boat.
+     Daniel was called up from below, and as his head appeared
+     above the deck, Rust struck him a heavy blow, upon the head,
+     with a large billet of wood, which knocked him back into the
+     cook-room, where he fell upon the stove and was badly burned.
+     In this state, he was brought before the Commissioner,
+     "bleeding profusely at the back, of the head, and at the
+     nose, and was moreover so stupefied by the assault, that he
+     fell asleep several times during the brief and very summary
+     proceedings." For most of the time he was unable to converse
+     with his counsel, and "sat dozing, with the blood slowly
+     oozing out of his mouth and nostrils." After a very hurried
+     form, and mockery of a trial, Daniel was ordered to be
+     delivered to Rust, the Agent of George H. Moore, of
+     Louisville, Kentucky. By a writ of _Habeas Corpus_, Daniel
+     was brought before Judge Coakling, of the United States
+     Court, at Auburn, who gave a decision that set Daniel at
+     liberty, and he was immediately hurried by his friends into
+     Canada. Rust was indicted, in Buffalo, for his brutal assault
+     on Daniel. It was fully proved; he afterwards plead guilty,
+     and; was let off with the paltry fine of fifty dollars.
+
+     JOHN BOLDING, _arrested in Poughkeepsie, New York_, claimed
+     as the property of Barret Anderson, of Columbia, S.C. Bolding
+     was a young man, of good character, recently married, and had
+     a small tailor's shop in P. He said he was told, when a boy,
+     that he was the son of a white man. He was tried before
+     United States Commissioner Nelson, who ordered him to be
+     delivered up to his claimants, and he was taken quietly from
+     the city to Columbia, S.C. The sum of $2,000 was raised in
+     New York, and paid to Bolding's owner, who had consented to
+     take that sum for him, and Bolding returned to his family in
+     Poughkeepsie.
+
+     _Christiana, Lancaster County, Penn., Sept. 1851._ Edward
+     Gorsuch, (represented as a very pious member of a Methodist
+     Church in Baltimore,) with his son Dickinson, accompanied by
+     the Sheriff of Lancaster County, Pa., and by a Philadelphia
+     officer named _Henry Kline_, went to Christiana to arrest
+     certain slaves of his, who, (as he had been privately
+     informed by a wretch, named Wm. M. Padgett,) were living
+     there. An attack was made upon the house, the slave-holder
+     declaring (as was said) that he "would not leave the place
+     alive without his slaves." "Then," replied one of them, "you
+     will not leave here alive." Many shots were fired on both
+     sides, and the slave-hunter, Edward Gorsuch, was killed.
+
+     At a subsequent trial, a number of persons (nearly forty)
+     were committed to take their trial for "treason against
+     the United States, by levying war against the same, in
+     resisting by force of arms the execution of the Fugitive
+     Slave Law." CASTNER HANWAY was of the number. After
+     suffering imprisonment and being subjected to great loss
+     of time and heavy expenses, they were all discharged.
+
+     _Syracuse, October 1, 1851._ JERRY, claimed as the slave of
+     John McReynolds, of Marion County, Missouri, was brought to
+     trial before Commissioner J.F. Sabine. He was rescued by a
+     large body of men from the officers who had him in custody,
+     and was next heard of in Canada.
+
+     _James R. Lawrence_, a lawyer of Syracuse, acted as counsel
+     for _James Lear_, attorney of McReynolds.
+
+[N.B. Daniel Webster's prophecy was not fulfilled.]
+
+     _Columbia, Penn._, (fall of 1851.) Man named HENRY, arrested
+     as the slave of Dr. Duvall, of Prince George's County,
+     Maryland,--taken to _Harrisburg_, before United States
+     Commissioner McAllister and by him consigned to slavery.
+
+     _Judge Denning_, of Illinois, discharged a negro brought
+     before him as a fugitive slave, on the ground that the
+     Fugitive Slave Law was unconstitutional.
+
+     _Two alleged slaves arrested_ at _Columbia, Penn._, on
+     warrant of United States Commissioner McAllister,--claimed as
+     property of W.T. McDermott, of Baltimore. One was carried
+     into slavery, one escaped. (November, 1851.)
+
+     _Near New Philadelphia, Maryland_, a woman, married to a free
+     colored man, with whom she had lived ten years, was arrested
+     as the slave of a Mr. Shreve, of Louisville, Kentucky. She
+     was taken back to Kentucky.
+
+     RACHEL PARKER, free colored girl, kidnapped from house of
+     Joseph S. Miller, West Nottingham, Penn., by the "notorious
+     Elkton Kidnapper, McCreary," Dec. 31, 1851. Mr. Miller
+     tracked the kidnappers to Baltimore, and tried to recover the
+     girl, but in vain. On his way home, he was induced to leave
+     the cars, and was undoubtedly murdered,--it was supposed in
+     revenge of the death of Gorsuch at Christiana. Mr. Miller's
+     body was found suspended from a tree. A suit was brought in
+     the Circuit Court of Baltimore County, for the freedom of
+     Rachel Parker, Jan. 1853. Over sixty witnesses, from
+     Pennsylvania, attended to testify to her being free-born, and
+     that she was not the person she was claimed to be; although,
+     in great bodily terror, she had, after her capture, confessed
+     herself the alleged slave! So complete and strong was the
+     evidence in her favor, that, after an eight days' trial, the
+     claimants abandoned the case, and a verdict was rendered for
+     the freedom of Rachel, and also of her sister, Elizabeth
+     Parker, who had been previously kidnapped, and conveyed to
+     New Orleans.
+
+--> McCreary was demanded by Gov. Bigler, of Pennsylvania, to be
+delivered up for trial on a charge of kidnapping; but Gov. Lowe, of
+Maryland, refused to surrender him. See _Standard_, July 2, 1853.
+
+     JAMES TASKER, _New York City_, (Feb. 1852,) arrested through
+     the treachery of Police Officer Martin, and brought before
+     United States Commissioner George W. Morton, as the slave of
+     Jonathan Pinckney, of Maryland. He was given up, and taken
+     back to slavery.
+
+     HORACE PRESTON, arrested in _Williamsburg, New York_, as the
+     slave of William Reese, of Baltimore, Maryland;--Richard
+     Busteed, of New York, being Attorney for the slaveholder. He
+     was brought before United States Commissioner Morton, 1st
+     April, 1852; for several days previous he had been kept a
+     prisoner, and his wife knew not what had become of him. He
+     was given up by the Commissioner, and was carried into
+     slavery. The same policeman, Martin, (who acted in the case
+     of James Tasker,) was active in this case; being, doubtless,
+     the original informant.
+
+     Preston was afterwards bought for about $1,200, and brought
+     back.
+
+     _Columbia, Penn._, (end of March, 1852;) a colored man, named
+     WILLIAM SMITH, was arrested as a fugitive slave in the
+     lumber yard of Mr. Gottlieb, by Deputy Marshal Snyder, of
+     Harrisburg, and police officer Ridgeley, of Baltimore, under
+     a warrant from Commissioner McAllister. Smith endeavored to
+     escape, when Ridgeley drew a pistol and shot him dead!
+     Ridgeley was demanded by the Governor of Pennsylvania, of the
+     Governor of Maryland, and the demand was referred to the
+     Maryland Legislature.
+
+     Hon. J.R. Giddings proposed the erection of a monument to
+     Smith.
+
+     JAMES PHILLIPS, who had resided in _Harrisburg, Penn._, for
+     fourteen years, was arrested May 24, 1852, as the former
+     slave of Dennis Hudson, of Culpepper County, Virginia,
+     afterwards bought by Henry T. Fant, of Fauquier County. He
+     was brought before United States Commissioner McAllister.
+     Judge McKinney volunteered his services to defend the alleged
+     fugitive. The Commissioner, as soon as possible, ordered the
+     man to be delivered up; and, after fourteen years' liberty,
+     he was taken back to slavery in Virginia. Afterwards, bought
+     for $900, and taken back to Harrisburg.
+
+     _Wilkesbarre, Penn._, (Summer of 1852.) Mr. Harvey arrested
+     and fined for shielding a slave.
+
+     _Sacramento, California_; a man named Lathrop claimed another
+     as his slave, and Judge Fry decided that the claim was good,
+     and ordered the slave to be surrendered. Mr. Lathrop left,
+     with his slave, for the Atlantic States.
+
+     _A beautiful young woman_, nearly white, was pursued by her
+     owner [and father] to New York, (end of June, 1852.) There a
+     large reward was offered to a police officer to discover her,
+     place of residence. It was discovered, and measures taken for
+     her apprehension; but the alarm had been taken, and she
+     escaped.
+
+     _Sacramento, California_; three men were seized by a Mr.
+     Perkins, of Mississippi. The Court decided them to be his
+     property and they were carried back to Mississippi.--_Standard_,
+     July 29, 1852.
+
+     _Petersburg, Penn._ Two fugitives from Alabama slavery were
+     overtaken, and taken back, September, 1852.
+
+     JOHN HENRY WILSON, a lad of fourteen years, kidnapped from
+     Danville, Pennsylvania, and taken to Baltimore, where he was,
+     offered for sale to John N. Denning. Kidnappers committed to
+     jail, October, 1852.
+
+[--> DANIEL WEBSTER, the endorser of the Fugitive Slave Law, died at
+Marshfield, Mass., October 24th, 1852, in the very height of the
+Law's triumphant operation.]
+
+     _LOUISA_, a colored woman, claimed by Mrs. Reese, of San
+     Francisco, California, was seized by five armed men, and put
+     on board Steamer Golden Gate, and carried it is not known
+     whither. The aid of the Law was not invoked. The California
+     _Christian Advocate_, from which the above is taken, says,
+     "Two colored men, stewards on the Golden Gate, were sent back
+     to the States on the last trip under the State Fugitive Law."
+
+     _A mulatto woman, in San Francisco_, was ordered to be
+     delivered to her claimant, T.T. Smith, Jackson Country,
+     Missouri, by "Justice Shepherd,"--_San Francisco Herald_--in
+     _Standard_, November 4, 1852.
+
+     _Sandusky, Ohio._ Two men, two women, and several children
+     were arrested and taken from a steamboat just about to leave
+     for Detroit. Taken before Mayor Follett, by a man who claimed
+     to be their owner. R.R. Sloane, Esq., was employed as counsel
+     for the slaves. No one claiming custody of the slaves, or
+     producing any writs or warrants, Mr. Sloane signified to the
+     crowd present that there appeared to be no cause for the
+     detention of the persons. Immediately a rush was made for the
+     door. A man, who before had been silent, exclaimed, "Here are
+     the papers--I own the slaves--I'll hold you individually
+     responsible for their escape." The slaves escaped into
+     Canada, October, 1852. Mr. Sloane was afterwards prosecuted
+     for the value of the slaves, and judgment given against him
+     to the amount of $3,950.
+
+     _Thirty slaves_, says the _Maysville_ (Ky.) _Eagle_, "escaped
+     from Mason and Bracken Counties, a short time ago. Some of
+     them were captured in Ohio, by their owners, at a distance of
+     about forty miles from the river." "They brought the captured
+     slaves home without encountering the least obstacle, or even
+     an unkind word."--_Standard_, November 4, 1852.
+
+     THE LEMMON SLAVES. At New York, eight persons, claimed by
+     Jonathan Lemmon, of Norfolk, Virginia, as his slaves, were
+     brought before Judge Paine, November, 1852. It appeared that
+     they had been brought to New York by their owner, with a view
+     of taking them to Texas, as his slaves. Mr. Louis Napoleon, a
+     respectable colored man, of New York, procured a writ of
+     habeas corpus, under which they were brought before the
+     court. Their liberation was called for, under the State Law,
+     not being fugitives, but brought into a free State by their
+     owner. Said owner appeared, with Henry D. Lapaugh as his
+     counsel, aided by Mr. Clinton. At their urgent request, the
+     case was postponed from time to time, when Judge Paine, with
+     evident reluctance, decreed the freedom of the slaves. E.D.
+     Culver and John Jay, Esqs., were counsel for the slaves. The
+     merchants and others of New York subscribed and paid Mr.
+     Lemmon the sum of $5,280, for loss of his slaves. The New
+     York _Journal of Commerce_ was very active in raising this
+     money. The same men were invited to contribute something for
+     the destitute men, women, and children claimed by Lemmon. The
+     whole amount given by them all, was two dollars. About one
+     thousand dollars were raised for them among the better
+     disposed but less wealthy class.
+
+     THOMAS BROWN alias GEORGE BORDLEY, _Philadelphia, November,
+     1852_, was claimed by one Andrew Pearce, Cecil County,
+     Maryland. Given up to claimant by Commissioner Ingraham. The
+     arrest of the man was made by the notorious kidnapper, George
+     F. Alberti. Mr. Pettit, counsel for the claimant.
+
+[Transcriber's note: The following note is inserted after the
+following section but does not refer to any specific reported
+incident.]
+
+--> The Slaveholders of Kentucky begin forming associations for
+mutual protection against loss of runaway slaves. The preamble of
+the plan of association proposed at a meeting at Minerva Kentucky,
+held in the winter of 1852-53, is as follows:--"Whereas it has
+become absolutely necessary for the slave-owners of Kentucky to take
+such steps as will secure their property, we, the citizens of Mass.
+and Bracken counties, do recommend," &c. [end note]
+
+     RICHARD NEAL, free colored man, kidnapped in Philadelphia and
+     carried from the city in a carriage towards Maryland. A writ
+     of _habeas corpus_ was obtained, the kidnappers were
+     overtaken, and Neal brought back after resistance and various
+     hindrances. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania discharged him.
+     February, 1853.
+
+     _Ten slaves_, arrested in Indiana, and taken back to
+     Tennessee, by W. Carney and others. Resistance was
+     made, and W. Carney "was very badly injured during the
+     fracas."--_Nashville ----_, March 5, 1853. [Transcribers'
+     note: ---- substituted for word cut off on original page.]
+
+     _Alton, Illinois._ A man claimed to belong to Walter Carrico,
+     of Warren County, Missouri, was arrested by police officers
+     from St. Louis. After being lodged in jail in St. Louis he
+     made his escape, and again went into Illinois. He was
+     pursued, found, and taken back to St. Louis.--_St. Louis
+     Republican_, March, 1853.
+
+     AMANDA, a slave girl, was brought to St. Louis, from near
+     Memphis, Tennessee, a year before, by a son of her master,
+     and by him set free, without his father's consent. After the
+     father's death, an attempt was made to seize Amanda, and take
+     her back to Tennessee without trial. This was prevented by
+     officers, the girl taken from the steamboat Cornelia, and
+     brought before Levi Davis, United States Commissioner. He
+     decided in favor of the claimants, (the heirs of the estate,
+     of course.)--_St. Louis Republican_, March 17, 1853.
+
+     JANE TRAINER, a colored child, about ten years old, in the
+     possession of Mrs. Rose Cooper, _alias_ Porter, (a woman
+     admitted by her counsel to be a common prostitute,) was
+     brought before Judge Duer, of New York City, by a writ of
+     _habeas corpus_, which had been applied for by Charles
+     Trainer, the father of the child, (a free colored man, who
+     had followed the parties from Mobile to New York,) and who
+     desired that the custody of his daughter's person should be
+     granted to him. [June, 1853, and previous.] Judge Duer
+     decided that it was not within his jurisdiction to determine
+     to whom the custody of the child belonged; the Supreme Court
+     of New York must decide that. Judge D. proposed to both
+     parties that the child should be put into his hands, and he
+     would provide a proper person for her care and education, but
+     the woman (Porter) would not consent to this. She evidently
+     designed to train up the child for a life of shame, and
+     perhaps of slavery also. The case was brought by a writ of
+     _habeas corpus_, before Judge Barculo, of the Supreme Court,
+     sitting at Brooklyn. The effort to serve the writ was at
+     first defeated by the notorious New York bully, Captain
+     Isaiah Rynders, acting, it was said, under the advice of
+     James T. Brady, counsel for Mrs. Porter. For this
+     interference with, the law, Rynders and some others were
+     arrested and taken before Judge Barculo, who let them off on
+     their making an apology! The second attempt to serve the writ
+     on the child was more successful. After hearing counsel,
+     Judge Barculo adjudged "that the said Charles Trainer is
+     entitled to the care and custody of said Jane Trainer, and
+     directing her to be delivered to him as her father," &c. In
+     giving his decision, Judge B. said, "It is not to be assumed
+     that a child under fourteen years of age is possessed of
+     sufficient discretion to choose her own guardian; a house of
+     ill-fame is not a suitable place, nor one of its inmates a
+     proper person for the education of such a child." Jane
+     Trainer's mother was afterwards bought from slavery in
+     Mobile, Alabama, and enabled to join her husband and child.
+
+     In 1854, Charles Trainer obtained a verdict in King's County
+     Court, New York, for $775 damages, against Rose Cooper.
+
+[N.B. Though not strictly a case under the Fugitive Slave Law, this
+is very properly inserted here, as the whole spirit of the woman, of
+her counsel, and of the means he took to accomplish his base
+designs, was clearly instigated by that Law, and by the malignant
+influences it brought into action against the colored people, both
+slave and free.]
+
+     BASIL WHITE, Philadelphia, was summarily surrendered into
+     slavery in Maryland, by United States Commissioner Ingraham,
+     June 1, 1853. He was betrayed into the clutches of the
+     kidnapper Alberti, by a colored man named John Dorsey.
+
+     _Two slaves_ of Sylvester Singleton, living near Burlington,
+     (Ky.?) escaped and reached Columbus, Ohio; were there
+     overtaken by their master, who secured them and took them
+     back with him.--_Cincinnati Enquirer_.
+
+     JOHN FREEMAN, a free colored man, seized in Indianapolis, and
+     claimed as the slave of Pleasant Ellington, a Methodist
+     church-member, (Summer, 1853,) of Missouri. Freeman pledged
+     himself to prove that he was not the person he was alleged to
+     be. The United States Marshal consented to his having time
+     for this, provided he would go to jail, and pay _three
+     dollars a day_ for a guard to keep him secure! Bonds to any
+     amount, to secure the marshal against loss, if Freeman could
+     go at large, were rejected. Freeman's counsel went to
+     Georgia, and "after many days returned with a venerable and
+     highly respectable gentleman from Georgia, Mr. Patillo,
+     (post-master of the place where he resides,) who had
+     voluntarily made the long journey for the sole purpose of
+     testifying to his knowledge of Freeman, and that he was well
+     known to be free!" But Freeman was still kept in jail. After
+     several days, Ellington brought witnessess to prove F. to be
+     his slave. The witnesses, and Liston (counsel for Ellington)
+     wished to have Freeman strip himself, to be examined naked.
+     By advise of his counsel he refused. The marshal took him to
+     his cell, and compelled him to strip. The witnesses then
+     swore that he was Ellington's property. Freeman's counsel
+     produced further evidence that he had been known as a free
+     man _twenty_ years. Ellington claimed that he had escaped
+     from him _sixteen_ years before. The man who did escape from
+     Ellington, just sixteen years before, was discovered to be
+     living near Malden, Canada. Two of the Kentucky witnesses
+     visited and recognized him. Freeman was then released, but
+     with a large debt upon him, $1,200, which had grown up by
+     the unusually heavy expenses of his defence and long
+     imprisonment, Freeman brought a suit against Ellington for
+     false imprisonment laying damages at $10,000. A verdict for
+     $2,000 was given in his favor, which was agreed to by
+     Ellington's counsel.--_Indiana Free Democrat_, May, 1854.
+
+     _Three slaves_, two men and a girl, fled from near Maysville,
+     Kentucky, into Ohio. Were pursued by their owners and
+     assistants, five men armed, and were overtaken, says the
+     Maysville _Weekly Express_, "at the bridge over Rattlesnake
+     Creek, on the Petersburg and Greenfield road, about ten
+     o'clock at night," the slaves being, armed, and accompanied
+     by a white man. Both parties fired, the negro girl was
+     wounded, but still fled; one of the negro men was also
+     wounded, and, says the Maysville paper, they "were tracked a
+     mile and a half by the blood." The other slave was secured
+     and taken back to Kentucky, "much bruised and cut in the
+     affray." "The white man," says the same paper, "was also
+     caught and beaten in a very severe manner with a club, and
+     strong hopes are entertained that he will die."--_Wilmington
+     (Ohio) Republican_, July, 22, 1853.
+
+     _A colored girl_, between four and five years old, suddenly
+     disappeared from Providence, R.I., July 13, 1853; at the same
+     time, a mulatto woman, who had been heard to make inquiries
+     about the child, was missing also. Believed to be a case of
+     kidnapping.
+
+     _A negro boy_, says the Memphis _Inquirer_, "left his owner
+     in this city," and went on board the steamboat Aurilla Wood,
+     bound for Cincinnati. By a telegraphic message he was
+     intercepted, taken from the boat at Cairo, Illinois, and
+     taken back to Memphis. (Summer, 1853.)
+
+     GEORGE W. MCQUERRY, _Cincinnati, Ohio_. A colored man, who
+     had resided three or four years in Ohio, and married a free
+     woman, by whom he had three children, was remanded to slavery
+     by Judge McLean (August, 1853.) The man was taken by the
+     United States Marshal, with a posse, across the river to
+     Covington, Kentucky, and there delivered to his _master_!
+
+     _Two men kidnapped_ from Chicago, and taken to St. Louis. See
+     _Chicago_ Tribune, quoted in _Standard_, Aug. 27, 1853.
+
+     _Three Slaves_ taken by _Habeas Corpus_, from steamboat
+     Tropic, and brought before Judge Flinn, at Cincinnati,
+     August, 1853. The woman Hannah expressed a wish to return to
+     her master in the boat. Judge Flinn ordered her into the
+     custody of the claimants without investigation. Judge F.
+     asked Hannah if she had the custody of the child Susan, to
+     which she answered that she had. Whereupon the Judge also
+     ordered her back into the custody of the claimants, without
+     examination. Mr. Jolliffe protested against ordering the
+     child back without examination. The Court said they would
+     take the responsibility. The examination then proceeded in
+     the case of the man Edward. It appeared that they were
+     purchased in Virginia, to be conveyed to Mississippi. The
+     boat stopped at Cincinnati, and the slaves were twice taken
+     by the agent of the owners on shore, and upon the territory
+     of Ohio. Mr. Jolliffe commenced his argument at 7, P.M., and
+     argued that the slaves, being brought by their owners upon
+     free territory, were legally free. Mr. J., before finishing,
+     was taken ill, and obliged to leave the court-room; he first
+     begged the Court to adjourn until morning, which was refused
+     by Judge Flinn. Judge Keys said the Ohio river was a highway
+     for all States bordering on it, whose citizens had a right
+     also to use the adjacent shores for purposes necessary to
+     navigation. Mr. Zinn stated that Mr. Jolliffe had been
+     obliged to retire, in consequence of illness, and had
+     requested him to urge the Court to continue the case. Judge
+     Flinn said--"The case will he decided to-night; that is
+     decided on. We have not been silting here four or five hours
+     to determine whether we will decide the case or not. It will
+     be decided, and you may come up to it sideways or square; or
+     any way you please; you must come to it." Mr. Zinn said he
+     was not going to argue. He had made the request out of
+     courtesy to a professional brother. He doubted the power of
+     the Court to deliver the boy into slavery. Judge Flinn
+     said--"I do not wish to hear any arguments of that nature."
+     The man was then ordered to be taken by the Sheriff, and
+     delivered to claimant on board the boat,--which was
+     done.--_Cincinnati Gazette_, 27th August, 1853.
+
+     PATRICK SNEED, a colored waiter in the Cataract House,
+     Niagara Falls, arrested on the pretended charge of murder
+     committed in Savannah, Georgia. He was brought, by _Habeas
+     Corpus_, before Judge Sheldon, at Buffalo, (September, 1853,)
+     and by him ordered to be "fully discharged."
+
+     BILL, [or WILLIAM THOMAS,] a colored waiter at the
+     Phenix Hotel, Wilkesbarre, Penn., described as a "tall,
+     noble-looking, intelligent, and active mulatto, nearly
+     white," was attacked by "Deputy Marshal Wynkoop," Sept. 3,
+     1853, and four other persons, (three of them from Virginia.)
+     These men came "suddenly, from behind, knocked him down with
+     a mace, and partially shackled him." He struggled hard
+     against the five, shook them off, and with the handcuff,
+     which had been secured to his right wrist only "inflicted
+     some hard wounds on the countenances" of his assailants.
+     Covered with blood, he broke from them, rushed from the
+     house, and plunged in the river close by, exclaiming, "I will
+     be drowned rather than taken alive." He was pursued, fired
+     upon repeatedly, ordered to come out of the water, where he
+     stood immersed to his neck, or "they would blow his brains
+     out." He replied, "I will die first." They then deliberately
+     fired at him four or five different times, the last ball
+     supposed to have struck on his head, for his face was
+     instantly covered with blood, and he sprang up and shrieked.
+     The by-standers began to cry "shame" and the kidnappers
+     retired a short distance for consultation. Bill came out of
+     the water and lay down on the shore. His pursuers, supposing
+     him dying, said, "Dead niggers are not worth taking South."
+     Some one brought and put on him a pair of pantaloons. He was
+     helped to his feet by a colored man named Rex; on seeing
+     which, Wynkoop and party headed him and presented their
+     revolvers, when BILL again ran into the river, "where he
+     remained upwards of an hour, nothing but his head above
+     water, covered with blood, and in full view of hundreds who
+     lined the banks." His claimants dared not follow him into
+     the water; for, as he said afterward, "he would have died
+     contented, could he have carried two or three of them down
+     with him." Preparations [rather slow it would appear,] were
+     made to arrest the murderous gang, but they had departed
+     from the place. BILL then waded some distance up the stream,
+     and "was found by some women flat on his face in a
+     corn-field. They carried him to a place of safety, dressed
+     his wounds," and the suffering man was seen no more in
+     Wilkesbarre.--_Correspondence of New York Tribune_.
+
+Wynkoop and another were afterwards arrested in Philadelphia, on a
+charge of riot, the warrant issuing from a State magistrate of
+Wilkesbarre, on the complaint of William C. Gildersleeve, of the
+place. Mr. Jackson, the constable who held them in custody, was
+brought before Judge Grier, of the United States Supreme Court, by
+_habeas corpus_. Judge Grier, during the examination, said:--
+
+     "I will not have the officers of the United States harassed
+     at every step in the performance of their duties by every
+     petty magistrate who chooses to harass them, or by any
+     unprincipled interloper who chooses to make complaints
+     against them--for I know something of the man who makes this
+     complaint." "If this man Gildersleeve fails to make out the
+     facts set forth in the warrant of arrest, I will request the
+     Prosecuting Attorney of Luzerne County to prosecute him
+     for  perjury. * * * If any tuppenny magistrate, or any
+     unprincipled interloper can come in, and cause to be arrested
+     the officers of the United States, whenever they please, it
+     is a sad affair. * * * If _habeas corpuses_ are to be taken
+     out alter that manner, I will have an indictment sent to the
+     United States Grand Jury against the person who applies for
+     the writ, or assists in getting it, the lawyer who defends
+     it, and the sheriff who serves the writ. * * * I will see
+     that my officers are protected." On a subsequent day, Judge
+     Grier gave an elaborate opinion, reciting the facts in the
+     case, _as stated by the prisoners_, and ordering them to be
+     _discharged_! He said:--"We are unable to perceive, in this
+     transaction, anything worthy of blame in the conduct of these
+     officers in their unsuccessful endeavors to fulfil a most
+     dangerous and disgusting duty; except, perhaps, a want of
+     sufficient courage and perseverance in the attempt to execute
+     the writ!"
+
+Wynkoop and the other were discharged by Judge Kane on the ground that
+they did only what their duty, under the Law, required. (May, 1854.)
+
+     _A family of colored persons_, at Uniontown, Pa., were
+     claimed as slaves by a man in Virginia. They admitted that
+     they had been his slaves, but declared that they had come
+     into Pennsylvania with their master's consent and knowledge,
+     on a visit to some friends in Fayette County, and were not,
+     therefore, _fugitives_. This was overruled, and the negroes
+     were sent back by a United States Commissioner, name not
+     given. (September, 1853.)[A]--_Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter_.
+
+     [Footnote A: _A correspondent_ of the _New York Evening
+     Post_, writing from Columbus, Ohio, September 1, 1853, states
+     that a very large number of fugitive slaves are continually
+     passing through that State; that they are generally armed;
+     and that they find increasing sympathy among the people on
+     the road, and the boatmen on the lakes.]
+
+     _A desperate fight_ between a party of four fugitives and
+     about double the number of whites, took place in Carroll
+     County, Maryland. Four white men shot--none dangerously. Two
+     of the slaves wounded, one severely. They were captured.
+     (October, 1853.)--_Westminster (Md.) Democrat_.
+
+     _Washington, Indiana._ In April, 1853, GEORGE, a negro man,
+     was arrested and claimed by a Mr. Rice, of Kentucky, as his
+     slave. Judge Clemens ordered his surrender to Rice, who took
+     him to Louisville, and there sold him to a slave-trader, who
+     took him to Memphis, Tennessee. Here a man from Mississippi
+     claimed that George was _his_ slave, obtained a writ of
+     replevin, and took possession of him.
+
+     JOSHUA GLOVER, colored man, claimed as the slave of B.S.
+     Garland, of St. Louis County, Missouri, was arrested near
+     Racine, Wisconsin, about the 10th of March, 1854. Arrest made
+     by five men, who burst suddenly into his shanty, put a pistol
+     to his head, felled him to the ground, handcuffed him, and
+     took him in a wagon to Milwaukee jail, a distance of
+     twenty-five miles. They swore that if he shouted or made the
+     least noise, they would kill him instantly. When visited,
+     says the _Milwaukee Sentinel_, "We found him in his cell. He
+     was cut in two places on the head; the front of his shirt and
+     vest were soaking and stiff with his own blood." A writ of
+     _habeas corpus_ was immediately issued; also a warrant for
+     the arrest of the five men who assaulted and beat him in his
+     shanty. Thousands of people collected around the jail and
+     court-house, "the excitement being intense." A vigilance
+     committee of twenty-five persons was appointed to watch the
+     jail at night and see that Glover was not secretly taken
+     away. The next day, at about five o'clock, P.M., a
+     considerable accession of persons being made to the crowd,
+     and it appearing that every attempt to save Glover by the
+     laws of Wisconsin had been overruled by United States Judge
+     Miller, a demand was made for the man. This being refused, an
+     attack was made upon the door with axes, planks, &c. It was
+     broken in, the inner door and wall broken through, and Glover
+     taken from his keepers, brought out, placed in a wagon, and
+     driven off at great speed.
+
+     S.M. Booth, editor of the _Milwaukee Free Democrat_, Charles
+     Clement, of the _Racine Advocate_, W.H. Waterman, and George
+     S. Wright were arrested for aiding and abetting the rescue of
+     Glover. Booth was subsequently discharged by the Supreme
+     Court of Wisconsin, on the ground that the Fugitive Slave Law
+     is unconstitutional. He was, however, re-arrested, and held
+     to answer in the United States Courts, on the same charge;
+     the offered bail was refused, and he was lodged in jail. The
+     case was subsequently tried before the District Court of the
+     United States, at Milwaukee, on the question as to the right
+     of a State judiciary to release prisoners under a writ of
+     _habeas corpus_, who may be in the lawful custody of United
+     States officers; and also to determine the constitutionality
+     of the Fugitive Slave Law. (_Washington Star_, September 20,
+     1854.) The Attorney General, Caleb Cushing, made himself very
+     active in pushing forward this case. Mr. Booth, early in
+     1855, was fined one thousand dollars and sentenced to one
+     month's imprisonment. John Ryecraft, for same offence, was
+     sentenced in a fine of two hundred dollars and imprisonment
+     for ten days. All for acts such as Christianity and Humanity
+     enjoin. On a writ of _habeas corpus_, Messrs. Booth and
+     Ryecraft were taken before the Wisconsin Supreme Court,
+     sitting at Madison, and discharged from imprisonment. This,
+     however, did not relieve them from the fines imposed by the
+     United States Court. The owner of the slave brought a civil
+     suit against Mr. Booth, claiming $1,000 damages for the loss
+     of his slave. Judge Miller decided, July, 1855, that the
+     $1,000 must be paid.
+
+     EDWARD DAVIS, _March, 1854_. As the steamboat Keystone State,
+     Captain Hardie, from Savannah, was entering Delaware Bay,
+     bound to Philadelphia, the men engaged in heaving the lead
+     heard a voice from under the guards of the boat, calling for
+     help. A rope was thrown, and a man caught it and was drawn
+     into the boat in a greatly exhausted state. He had remained
+     in that place from the time of leaving Savannah, the water
+     frequently sweeping over him. Some bread in his pocket was
+     saturated with salt water and dissolved to a pulp. The
+     captain ordered the vessel to be put in to Newcastle,
+     Delaware, where the fugitive, hardly able to stand, was taken
+     on shore and put in jail, to await the orders of his owner,
+     in Savannah. DAVIS claimed to be a free man, and a native of
+     Philadelphia, and described many localities there. Before
+     Judge Bradford, at Newcastle, Davis's freedom was fully
+     proved, and he was discharged. He was again arrested and
+     placed in jail on the oath of Captain Hardie, that he
+     believed him to be a fugitive slave and a fugitive from
+     justice. After some weeks' delay, he was brought to trial
+     before United States Commissioner Samuel Guthrie, who ordered
+     him to be delivered up to his claimant on the ground that he
+     was legally a slave, though free-born. It appeared in
+     evidence that Davis had formerly gone from Pennsylvania to
+     reside in Maryland, contrary to the laws of that State; which
+     forbid free colored persons from other States to come there
+     to reside; and being unable to pay the fine imposed for this
+     offence (!) by the Orphan's (!) Court of Harford County, was
+     committed to jail and sold as a slave for life, by Robert
+     McGaw, Sheriff of the County, to Dr. John G. Archer, of
+     Louisiana, from whom he was sold to B.M. Campbell, who sold
+     him to William A. Dean, of Macon, Georgia, the present
+     claimant. Thus a free-born citizen of Pennsylvania was
+     consigned, _by law_ to slavery for life:
+
+[-->In May, 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Bill was enacted.]
+
+     ANTHONY BURNS, arrested in Boston, May 24, 1854, as the slave
+     of Charles F. Suttle, of Alexandria, Virginia, who was
+     present to claim him, accompanied by a witness from Richmond,
+     Virginia, named William Brent. Burns was arrested on a
+     warrant granted by United States Commissioner Edward Greeley
+     Loring, taken to the court-house in Boston, ironed, and
+     placed in an upper story room under a strong guard. The
+     hearing commenced the next morning before Mr. Loring, but was
+     adjourned until Saturday; May 27, to give the counsel for A.
+     Burns time to examine the case. On Friday evening, (26th,) an
+     attack was made upon the court-house by a body of men, with
+     the evident design of rescuing Burns; a door was forced in,
+     and one of the marshal's special guard, (named Batchelder,)
+     was killed, whether by the assailants or by one of his own
+     party is uncertain, it being quite dark; upon the cry of
+     Batchelder that he was killed, the attacking party retreated
+     and made no further attempt. The trial of the case proceeded
+     on Saturday, again on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, when
+     the Commissioner said he would give his decision on Friday.
+     During the trial, Burns was continually surrounded by a
+     numerous body-guard, (said to be at least one hundred and
+     twenty-five men,) selected by Watson Freeman, United States
+     Marshal, from the vilest sinks of scoundrelism, corruption,
+     and crime in the city to be Deputy Marshals for the occasion.
+     These men, with every form of loathsome impurity and
+     hardened villainy stamped upon their faces, sat constantly
+     around the prisoner while in the court-room, the handles of
+     pistols and revolvers visibly protruding from their breast
+     pockets. A company of United States troops, from the Navy
+     Yard, occupied the court-house, and guarded all avenues to
+     the United States court-room. The testimony of numerous
+     highly respectable witnesses was adduced to show that Anthony
+     Burns was in Boston a month earlier than the time at which he
+     was said to have left Richmond. R.H. Dana, Jr. and Charles M.
+     Ellis, counsel for Burns, made very eloquent and able
+     arguments in his behalf. Seth J. Thomas and E.G. Parker were
+     the counsel for Suttle, the case being constantly watched and
+     aided by the United States District Attorney, Benjamin F.
+     Hallett, who was in regular telegraphic communication with
+     the President of the United States, (F. Pierce,) at
+     Washington. An effort was made, and followed up with much
+     patience, to buy Burns's freedom, Suttle having offered to
+     sell him for $1,200. The money was raised and tendered to
+     Suttle, when difficulties were interposed, especially by Mr.
+     Attorney Hallett, and the attempt failed. Suttle afterwards
+     declared he would not sell Burns for any sum, but that he
+     should go back to Virginia. On Friday morning, June 2d,
+     Commissioner Loring gave his decision, overriding all the
+     testimony in Burns's favor, using certain expressions which
+     fell from Burns in the first heat and confusion of his
+     arrest, as testimony against him, and concluding with
+     ordering him to be delivered up to the claimant. Some four
+     hours were consumed in getting Court Street, State Street,
+     &c., in a state of readiness for the removal of the prisoner.
+     A regiment of Massachusetts Infantry had been posted on
+     Boston Common, under command of Col. Benjamin Franklin (!)
+     Edmands, from an early hour of the day, in anticipation of
+     the Commissioner's decision. These troops, which had been
+     called out by the Mayor, Jerome V.C. Smith, were marched to
+     the scene of the kidnapping, and so placed as to guard every
+     street, lane, and other avenue leading to State Street, &c.,
+     the route through which the slave procession was to pass. No
+     individual was suffered to pass within these guards; but acts
+     of violence were committed by them on several individuals.
+     Court Square was occupied by two companies of United States
+     troops, (chiefly Irishmen,) and a large field-piece was drawn
+     into the centre. All preparations being made, Watson Freeman
+     (United States Marshal) issued forth from the court-house
+     with his prisoner, who walked with a firm step, surrounded by
+     the body-guard of criminals before mentioned, with drawn
+     United States sabres in their hands, and followed by United
+     States troops with the aforesaid piece of artillery. Preceded
+     by a company of Massachusetts mounted troops, under command
+     of Colonel Isaac H. Wright, this infamous procession took its
+     way down Court Street, State Street and Commerce Street, (for
+     the proprietors of Long Wharf refused to allow them to march
+     upon their premises, through a public highway in all ordinary
+     cases,) to the T Wharf, where the prisoner was taken on board
+     a steam tow-boat, and conveyed down the harbor to the United
+     States Revenue Cutter Morris; in which he was transported to
+     Virginia.
+
+     It may not be amiss to have given, in a single instance, this
+     somewhat detailed account of the process of seizing, trying,
+     and delivering up a man into slavery, whose only crime was
+     that he had fled from a bondage "one hour of which is fraught
+     with more misery than ages of that which our fathers rose in
+     rebellion to throw off," Thomas Jefferson, the Virginian
+     slaveholder, himself being witness.
+
+     Anthony Burns, having been sold into North Carolina, was
+     afterwards purchased with money subscribed in Boston and
+     vicinity, for the purpose, and returned to Boston.
+
+     The _illegality_ of the Mayor's conduct in ordering out the
+     military, and giving to the Colonel of the regiment the
+     entire control of the same, was fully shown by different and
+     highly competent writers, among whom was P.W. Chandler, Esq.,
+     whose two articles, in the _Boston Advertiser_, deserve to be
+     remembered with respect. The Mayor's excuse was that he
+     desired to _keep the peace_. But these Massachusetts troops
+     received pay for their day's work from the United States
+     Government. Judge HOAR, in a charge to the Grand Jury,
+     declared the act of the Mayor, in calling out the militia, to
+     be an infraction of law.
+
+
+     STEPHEN PEMBROKE, and his two sons, _Robert_ and _Jacob_,
+     19 and 17 years of age, were arrested in New York almost
+     simultaneously with the seizure of Burns in Boston; claimed
+     as the slaves of David Smith and Jacob H. Grove, of
+     Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland. They escaped May
+     1st, and came to New York, followed closely by their masters,
+     who discovered their retreat in Thompson Street, and pounced
+     upon them by night. At 8-1/2 o'clock, next morning, they were
+     taken before United States Commissioner G.W. Morton, "where
+     the case came up for the most summary and hasty hearing that
+     has ever characterized our judicial proceedings." Dunning and
+     Smith were counsel for the masters, but the fugitives had no
+     counsel; and the hearing was finished, and a warrant granted
+     to the slave claimants before the matter became known in the
+     city. When Mr. Jay and Mr. Culver hastened to the court-room
+     to offer their services to the prisoners, as counsel, they
+     were assured by officers, _and by Commissioner Morton
+     himself_, that the men wanted no counsel, and were not in the
+     building. On search, however, it was found they were in the
+     building, locked up in a room. They said they desired counsel
+     and the aid of friends. A writ of _habeas corpus_ was
+     obtained, but before it could be served the three men had
+     been removed from the State, and were on their way to
+     Baltimore. [See the published. Card of E.D. CULVER, Esq.]
+     Stephen Pembroke was the brother, and his sons the nephews
+     of Rev. Dr. Pennington, of New York City, Pastor of a
+     Presbyterian (colored) Church. Stephen Pembroke was purchased
+     and brought back to New York, ($1,000 having been contributed
+     for that purpose,) and related his experience of the slave's
+     life, at a public meeting, held in the Broadway Tabernacle,
+     July 17, 1854. His sons had been sold, and remained in
+     slavery.
+
+     JAMES COTES, free man of color, residing in Gibson County,
+     Indiana, went to Jeffersonville, (Ind.,) to take the cars for
+     Indianapolis. On going to the depot, at 6, A.M., for the
+     morning train, he was knocked down, "beat over the head with
+     a brick-bat, and cut with a bowie-knife, until subdued. He
+     was then tied, and in open daylight in full view of our
+     populace, borne off bleeding like a hog." He was undoubtedly
+     taken to the jail, in Louisville. On crossing the river to
+     Louisville he met the captain of a steamboat, who knew him to
+     be a free man. (About June 1, 1854.) The kidnapper was
+     arrested and held to bail in the sum of $1,000, to take his
+     trial at next Circuit Court.
+
+     _Near Cedarville, Ohio, May 25, 1854_, about noon, "a colored
+     man, of middle age and respectable appearance, was walking on
+     the Columbus and Xenia turnpike. He was alone. A man in a
+     buggy overtook him, and invited him to ride, saying he was a
+     friend to the colored man, and promising to assist him in
+     obtaining his liberty." He took the colored man to the house
+     of one Chapman, "three miles south of Selma, in Greene
+     county." There Chapman and the other, (whose name was William
+     McCord,) fell upon the colored man, struck him with a _colt_
+     upon the head, so that he bled severely, and bound his hands
+     behind him. "Soon after the negro got loose and ran down the
+     road; McCord ran after him, crying 'Catch the d----d horse
+     thief,' &c., Chapman and his son following; negro picked up
+     a stone, the man a club and struck him on the head, so that
+     he did not throw the stone. He was then tied, and helped
+     by McCord and Chapman to walk to the buggy. McCord asked
+     Chapman, the son, to accompany him to Cincinnati with the
+     colored man, promising to give him half the reward ($200) if
+     he would. They then started, driving very fast." "We had not
+     gone over two or three miles," said Chapman, "before the
+     negro died, and after taking him two or three miles further,
+     put him out, and left him as now discovered,"--viz. in a
+     thick wood, one mile south of Clifton. The above facts are
+     taken from the testimony given at the coroner's inquest
+     over the body. "The jury gave in substance the following
+     verdict:--Deceased came to his death by blows from a colt
+     and club in the hands of one William McCord, assisted by
+     the two Chapmans." Chapman, the son, said that McCord made
+     him a proposition to join and follow kidnapping for a
+     business, stating that he knew where he could get four
+     victims immediately. McCord was taken and lodged in Xenia
+     jail. The Chapmans bound over to take their trial for
+     kidnapping.--_Wilmington (Ohio) Herald of Freedom_.
+
+     _Columbus, Indiana._ A Kentuckian endeavored to entice a
+     little negro boy to go with him, and both were waiting to
+     take the cars, when mischief was suspected, and a crowd of
+     people proceeded to the depot, and made the kidnapper
+     release his intended victim. (June, 1854.)--_Indiana Free
+     Democrat_.
+
+     ---- BROWN, a resident of Henderson, Kentucky, was arrested
+     for aiding four female slaves to escape from Union County,
+     Kentucky, to Canada. United States Marshal Ward and Sheriff
+     Gavitt, of Indiana, made the arrest. He was lodged in
+     Henderson jail.--_Evansville (Ind.) Journal_, June 2, 1854.
+
+     Several Kentucky planters, among them Archibald Dixon, raised
+     $500 in order to secure Brown's conviction and sentence to
+     penitentiary.
+
+     [Transcriber's note: The following note appears as a footnote
+     to this section without specific reference to any of the
+     cited cases.]
+
+     --> The case of SOLOMON NORTHUP, though not under the
+     Fugitive Law, is so striking an illustration of the power
+     which created that law, and of the constant danger which
+     impends over every colored citizen of the Northern States,
+     fast threatening to include white citizens also, that it must
+     not he passed over without mention. He was kidnapped in 1841,
+     from the State of New York, and kept in slavery twelve years.
+     Two men, named Merrill and Russell, were arrested and tried
+     as his kidnappers, and the fact fully proven. But the case
+     was got into the United States Courts, and the criminals went
+     unpunished. [end of note]
+
+     _Nine slaves_ left their masters in Boone County, Kentucky,
+     on Sunday, June 11, 1854, having three horses with them.
+     Arrived at the river, they turned the horses back, and taking
+     a skiff crossed at midnight to the Ohio shore. After
+     travelling two or three miles, they hid during Monday in a
+     clump of bushes. At night they started northward again. A
+     man, named John Gyser, met them and promised to assist them.
+     He took them to a stable, where they were to remain until
+     night. He immediately went to Covington, Kentucky, learned
+     that $1,000 reward was offered for their apprehension, and
+     gave information of their place of concealment. At evening a
+     strong band of Kentuckians, with United States Deputy Marshal
+     George Thayer, assisted by three Cincinnati officers,
+     surrounded the stable and took the nine prisoners, on a
+     warrant issued by United States Commissioner Pendery. They
+     were all given up to their claimants, and taken back to
+     Kentucky.
+
+     _A New Orleans correspondent of the New York Tribune_, in a
+     letter dated July 3, 1854, writes, "During a recent trip up
+     the river I was on several steamers, and on every boat they
+     had one or more runaway slaves, who had been caught and were
+     being taken in _irons_ to their _masters_."
+
+     _On the Steamer Alvin Adams_, at Madison, Indiana, a man was
+     arrested as a fugitive and taken to Louisville, Kentucky.
+     He was claimed as the slave of John H. Page, of Bowling
+     Green. The _Louisville Journal_, edited by a Northern man,
+     stigmatised him as a "rascal," for his attempt to be free.
+     (July, 1854.)
+
+     _Two colored men_, on their way to Chicago, were seized and
+     taken from the cars at Lasalle, Illinois, by three men, who
+     said they were not officers. The colored men were known to
+     be free; one was "a respectable resident of Chicago." Some of
+     the passengers interfered; but it being night, and very dark,
+     and the cars starting on the colored men were left in the
+     hands of their kidnappers.
+
+     _Chicago, Illinois._ Three men from Missouri, with a warrant
+     from the Governor of that State, to take a certain fugitive
+     slave, seized a man whom they met in the street, bound him
+     with a handkerchief, and to quicken his steps beat him with
+     the butt of a pistol. He succeeded in shaking off his captors
+     and fled, a pistol-bullet being sent after him, which did not
+     hit him. He made good his escape. The men were arrested and
+     held to trial for assault with deadly weapons. By an
+     extraordinary conspiracy on the part of District Attorney
+     Hoyne, Sheriff Bradley, and others, these men were taken from
+     jail to be carried to Springfield, Illinois, two hundred
+     miles distant, to appear before Chief Justice Treat, that he
+     might inquire "whether said alleged kidnappers were justly
+     held to bail and imprisoned." It was so suddenly done that
+     the counsel for the kidnapped man and for the State of
+     Illinois had not time to reach Springfield before the men
+     were discharged and on their way to Missouri. The Grand Jury
+     of the County (in which Chicago is) had found a true bill
+     against them, of which the Sheriff professed to be ignorant,
+     (which was deemed hardly possible,)--under which bill they
+     would probably have been convicted and sentenced to the State
+     Prison. Thus the omnipotent Slave Power reaches forth its
+     hand into our most Northern cities, end saves its minions
+     from the punishment which their lawless acts have justly
+     merited.--_Chicago Daily Tribune_, Sept. 21, 1854.
+
+--> The three kidnappers published a statement in the _St. Louis
+Republican_ of September 26.
+
+     HENRY MASSEY, at Philadelphia, September, 1854, was brought
+     before United States Commissioner E.D. Ingraham, claimed by
+     Franklin Bright, of Queen Anne's County, Maryland, as his
+     slave. Arrested in Harrisburg.
+
+     HARVEY, arrested near Cumminsville, Ohio,--escaped,--taken
+     again in Goshen, about ten miles from Cincinnati, and lodged
+     in the jail of that city. An investigation of the case was
+     had before United States Commissioner Pendery, and the
+     slave remanded to the custody of his master.--_Cincinnati
+     Commercial_, September 22, 1854.
+
+     _Byberry, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1854._ A carriage load
+     of suspicious looking men came to this place in the
+     afternoon. They waited until nightfall, when they burst into
+     the house of a colored family, "seized the man in presence of
+     his wife and another woman, threatening to shoot them if they
+     interfered--dragged him out, beating him over the head with a
+     mace. The poor fellow continued to scream for help until his
+     voice was stifled by his groans; they forced him into their
+     carriage and drove off, before any effectual assistance
+     could be offered." He was a sober and industrious man, and
+     much respected. His wife was left heartbroken, with one
+     child.--_Norristown (Pa.) Olive Branch_.
+
+     _The Frankfort (Ky.) Yeoman_, of November 18, 1854,
+     said:--"Kidnapping free negroes in Ohio, and deluding our
+     slaves from their masters to recapture and sell them, is an
+     established profession of a gang located upon the borders of
+     the Ohio River, combining with negro-traders in the interior
+     of this State." The names of some employed in this business
+     are given, two of whom, having been arrested and imprisoned,
+     threatened to burn the city of Frankfort for interrupting
+     their business.
+
+     JANE MOORE, a free colored woman, at Cincinnati, November,
+     1854, seized in the house of her sister, (Sycamore Street,)
+     beaten, and with the help of a deputy marshal from Covington,
+     Kentucky, carried over to Covington, and lodged in jail,
+     on pretence of her being a fugitive slave. She was taken
+     before the Mayor of Covington, "who heard the case with
+     impartiality." Her freedom was established, and she released.
+
+     _At Indianapolis, Indiana, December, 1854_, Benjamin B.
+     Waterhouse was indicted for harboring fugitive slaves,
+     contrary to the provisions of the Fugitive Law. He was found
+     guilty, but the jury recommended him "to the favorable
+     consideration of the Court, and stated that the evidence was
+     barely sufficient to convict." He was fined fifty dollars and
+     to be imprisoned one hour, and the government to pay the
+     costs.---_Chicago Tribune_.
+
+     _A Proposition for Kidnapping_, on a large scale, was made by
+     John H. Pope, "police officer and constable," in a letter
+     dated "Frederick, Maryland, United States of America, January
+     1, 1855," and addressed to Mr. Hays, Sheriff of Montreal,
+     Canada. "Vast numbers of slaves," says Mr. Pope, "escaping
+     from their masters or owners, succeed in reaching your
+     Provinces, and are, therefore, without the pale of the
+     'Fugitive Slave Law,' and can only be restored by cunning,
+     together with skill. Large rewards are offered and will be
+     paid for their return, and could I find an efficient person
+     to act with me, a great deal of money could be made, as I
+     would equally divide. * * * The only apprehension we have in
+     approaching too far into Canada is the fear of being
+     arrested; and had I a good assistant in your city, who would
+     induce the negroes to the frontier, I would be there to pay
+     the cash. On your answer, I can furnish names and
+     descriptions of negroes."
+
+This letter was published, doubtless at the Montreal Sheriff's
+request, in the _Montreal Gazette_, January 13, 1855.
+
+--> The _Montreal Gazette_, of February 3, published a second letter
+from J.H. Pope.
+
+     _A warrant was issued in Boston_, January 10, 1855, by United
+     States Commissioner Charles Levi Woodbury, for the arrest of
+     JOHN JACKSON, as a fugitive from service and labor in
+     Georgia. Mr. Jackson, who had been for some time in the city,
+     was nowhere to be found.
+
+     ROSETTA ARMSTEAD, a colored girl, was taken by writ of
+     _habeas corpus_ before Judge Jamison, at Columbus, Ohio.
+     Rosetta formerly belonged to Ex-President John Tyler, who
+     _gave her_ to his daughter, the wife of Rev. Henry M.
+     Dennison, an Episcopal clergyman of Louisville, Kentucky.
+     Mrs. D. having deceased, Rosetta was to be sent back to
+     Virginia in care of an infant child, both being placed in
+     charge of a Dr. Miller, a friend of Mr. Dennison. Passing
+     through Ohio, the above writ was obtained. Rosetta expressed
+     her desire to remain in freedom in Ohio. The case was removed
+     to Cincinnati, and was delayed until Mr. Dennison could
+     arrive from Louisville. (_Ohio State Journal_, March 12,
+     1855.) The girl was set free; "but was again arrested by the
+     United States Marshal upon the same warrant which Judge
+     Parker had declared illegal; thereupon another _habeas
+     corpus_ was issued, which the Marshal refused to obey; when
+     he was fined $50, and imprisoned for contempt." Even United
+     States Commissioner Pendery, before whom the case was brought
+     as that of a fugitive slave, pronounced the girl free, and
+     she was placed in the care of a guardian. The United States
+     Marshal being taken by _habeas corpus_ before Judge McLean,
+     of the United States Supreme Court, was set at liberty, Judge
+     McL. alleging that the proceedings in the State Court were
+     null and void!
+
+     GEORGE CLARK, a colored boy, eighteen years of age, in
+     Pennsylvania, was decoyed into the house of one Thompson,
+     (February 23, 1855,) where he was seized by three men, one of
+     whom was Solomon Snyders, a well known ruffian and kidnapper
+     in the neighborhood, who said to him, "Now, George, I am
+     going to take you to your master." The screams of George
+     fortunately brought deliverance to him. The three men were
+     arrested, tried, and sentenced to imprisonment for
+     kidnapping, by the Court of Dauphin County.--_Norristown
+     (Penn.) Olive Branch_.
+
+     _The Norristown (Penn.) Olive Branch_, (in connection with
+     the last named case,) speaks of a case which had occurred a
+     short time before, under the Fugitive Law, before United
+     States Commissioner McAllister, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,
+     and which has not yet been mentioned in this record. A
+     colored man and his wife, with their infant child, were
+     taken, "one morning, very early," before Commissioner Richard
+     McAllister, and before any counsel could reach the spot the
+     case had been decided against the man and woman; but the
+     babe, having been born in Pennsylvania, they did not "dare to
+     send that" into slavery; "so the only alternative was to take
+     it away from its mother," which was done, and that evening
+     the man and woman were taken South. No time had been allowed
+     to bring forward witnesses in their behalf, and there was
+     only a single witness against them, and he a boy about
+     seventeen years old, and a relative of the slave-claimant.
+     The woman's sufferings, on account of the separation from
+     her child, seemed greater than for her own fate. The article
+     from the Norristown paper is in the _National Anti-Slavery
+     Standard_, June 2, 1855.
+
+     GEORGE MITCHELL, a young colored man, at San Jose,
+     California, arrested and taken before Justice Allen, April,
+     1855, "charged with owing service and labor to one Jesse C.
+     Cooper, of Tennessee." Mitchell was brought into California
+     by his then owner, in 1849, the year before the enactment of
+     the Fugitive Slave Law. His arrest was made, under a Fugitive
+     Slave Law of California. By _habeas corpus_ the case was
+     carried before Judge C.P. Hester, of the District Court.
+     Mitchell was discharged on the ground (we believe) that the
+     California Law was unconstitutional; also that the
+     proceedings were "absolutely void." On the 21st April (or
+     May) "another attempt was made to reduce George to slavery at
+     San Francisco." He was brought before the United States
+     District Court, Judge Hoffman presiding, claimed under the
+     United States Fugitive Law as the property of the above-named
+     Cooper. [The result of the trial not known.]--_San Jose
+     Telegraph_.
+
+     _At Dayville, Connecticut_, June 13, 1855, an attempt was
+     made to seize a fugitive slave; "but the citizens interfered
+     and the fugitive escaped." He was claimed by a resident of
+     Pomfret, who said he had bought him in Cuba.--_Hartford
+     Religious Herald_.
+
+     _At Burlington, Iowa_, a colored man, called DICK, was
+     arrested and taken before United States Commissioner Frazee.
+     "Much excitement was caused." He was claimed as belonging to
+     Thomas Ruthford, Clark County, Missouri. Dick was discharged
+     as not being the man claimed. (June, 1855.)
+
+     _A white girl_, fourteen years of age, daughter of Mr. Samuel
+     Godshall, of Downingtown, Chester County, Pennsylvania, while
+     walking upon the road, was seized by two men, a plaster put
+     upon her mouth, and she taken in a close carriage in the
+     direction of Maryland. After going twelve miles, they put her
+     out of the carriage, "in a secluded and woody portion of the
+     country, threatening to kill her if she made any alarm, when
+     they drove away as fast as they could." Some colored people
+     met her, got the plaster off her mouth, and aided her
+     home. It was supposed the kidnappers mistook her for a
+     mulatto girl; but discovering their blunder dismissed
+     her.--_Philadelphia Ledger_, July 9, 1855.
+
+     _The Norristown (Penn.) Herald_ relates a case similar to the
+     preceding. Benjamin Johnson, a white lad of fifteen, on his
+     way from his father's, at Evansburg, to S. Jarrett's, near
+     Jeffersonville, was invited to ride by a man in a carriage.
+     The man took him by an unusual route; night coming on, the
+     boy was alarmed and attempted to escape, "when the villain
+     caught him and drove off at full speed, and by threats and
+     blows prevented him from making any alarm." He drove to a
+     distance of fifteen miles beyond Jeffersonville, when the boy
+     succeeded in making his escape. (July, 1855.)
+
+     JANE JOHNSON, and her two sons, (colored,) brought into
+     Philadelphia (on their way to New York and thence to
+     Nicaragua) by John H. Wheeler. Stopped to dine at Bloodgood's
+     Hotel. Jane there made known her desire to be free.
+     Information of the same was conveyed to Passmore Williamson,
+     Secretary of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, an old
+     association founded by Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, and
+     others. Mr. Williamson went to the hotel, and found that the
+     party had gone to the steamboat, at the foot of Walnut
+     Street. He proceeded thither, found them, and told the mother
+     that she and her sons had been legally made free by being
+     brought by their master into a free State. After some delay,
+     Jane rose to leave the boat. Wheeler endeavored to detain
+     her. Williamson held Wheeler back, and the woman went on
+     shore, a number of colored persons taking up the boys and
+     carrying them from the boat. They were enabled to escape.
+     (July 18, 1855.)
+
+     The celebrated case of PASSMORE WILLIAMSON followed, before
+     Judge Kane, of the United States District Court. (See "Case
+     of Passmore Williamson," reported in full, and published in
+     Philadelphia, by Uriah Hunt & Son, 1856.) On the 27th July,
+     Mr. Williamson was committed to Moyamensing Prison, by Judge
+     Kane, "for a contempt of the court in refusing to answer to
+     the writ of _habeas corpus_;" Mr. W. _having answered_ that
+     he had not, and never had had, the custody of the three
+     alleged slaves, and therefore could not produce them in
+     court. Mr. Williamson was kept in prison until November 3d,
+     when he was discharged by Judge Kane, the technical
+     "contempt" having been removed.
+
+     CELESTE, a mulatto woman, claimed as a slave, before Judge
+     Burgoyne, Cincinnati, Ohio. It appeared that she was
+     brought to Cincinnati by her master, and she was set
+     free.--_Cincinnati Gazette_, July 7, 1855.
+
+     _Two fugitives_, in Indiana, (September, 1855,) requested aid
+     of the conductor of the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad.
+     The aid given was to take them back to Madison, whence they
+     were conveyed over the river to Kentucky. Before leaving that
+     State they had been hunted and attacked by dogs. These they
+     had despatched with their knives. The conductor was dismissed
+     from his position. An agent of the express company was said
+     to have aided him in the surrender of the men.--_Madison
+     Courier_.
+
+     JACK, a colored boy, nine years of age, "claimed by Joseph
+     Tucker, of Mobile, as his slave, was sent back to his master
+     from Boston, in the brig Selma, Captain Rogers, on the 18th
+     inst." (October, 1855.)--_Boston Times_.
+
+     JACOB GREEN, a colored man, was seized near Hollidaysburg,
+     Pennsylvania, by one Parsons, as a fugitive slave.
+     Parsons could show no authority for detaining Green, who,
+     with the help of some bystanders, released himself and
+     escaped.--_Hollidaysburg Standard_, October 24, 1855.
+
+     _Four men indicted for kidnapping_ at Greensburg, Indiana,
+     in the Spring of 1855. Their names--David and Thomas Maple,
+     Morrison, and McCloskey. Charged with kidnapping two men,
+     whom they conveyed to a slave state, and sold as slaves. The
+     two Maples, fearing the indictment, absconded. The other two
+     were arrested, and brought to trial in October, 1855, at the
+     State Court, before Judge Logan. "Defendants' counsel moved
+     to quash the indictment, for the reason that the section of
+     the statute of Indiana against kidnapping was in violation of
+     the acts of Congress, and, therefore, void; and the Court
+     accordingly quashed the indictment"--_Indianapolis Journal_.
+
+     _Eight fugitives from Kentucky_ reached Adams County, Ohio,
+     closely followed by several Kentuckians, who attempted to
+     search the houses of several of the citizens. "The people,
+     indignant at this outrage, assembled with arms, and placed an
+     injunction upon these summary proceedings." "The men-hunters
+     then offered $2,000 to any traitor who would betray the
+     fugitives into their hands. But, so far as we have learned,
+     the bribe was as unsuccessful as the attempted search."
+     (November, 1855.)--_Carroll Free Press_.
+
+     _At Wilson's Corner, Bensalem, Buck's County, Pa._, Dec. 13,
+     1855, a colored man in the employ of John Henderson was
+     seized by three men, who tied him, threw him into a wagon,
+     and drove off at full speed. They were seen, and quickly
+     followed by men on horseback. After two hours' hard riding,
+     the kidnappers were overtaken. A fight ensued--the black man
+     was released; when three pistol-shots were fired by the
+     kidnappers, killing a horse, and wounding one of the rescuing
+     party severely. A statement of the facts was published, as
+     an advertisement, in the _Philadelphia Ledger_, signed by
+     William Williams and John Henderson.
+
+     "_Two very bright mulatto girls_," says the _Staunton (Va.)
+     Spectator_, "one belonging to Mr. John Churchman, and the
+     other to the estate of Colonel Crawford, deceased, took the
+     cars at Staunton, on the morning of December 30, 1855, and
+     made their way successfully to Baltimore, en route for a free
+     State. At Baltimore they were detected just as they were
+     about to take the train for Philadelphia, and information of
+     their arrest was immediately forwarded to D. Churchman, of
+     this place." On the following Friday they were taken back to
+     Virginia. "They were so nearly white that their success in
+     imposing upon the conductors of the cars is not astonishing,
+     and the only wonder is that they were detected at all. Since
+     their return, the negro girls have been sold--Mr. Churchman's
+     for $1,050, and the other for $950."
+
+     FANNY, a colored child of fire years old, was taken from
+     Chicago, Illinois, into Tennessee, and sold for $250. A man
+     named F.M. Chapman, with his servant William R. Tracy, were
+     arrested as the kidnappers, and taken before Justice DeWolf.
+     Chapman claimed to have owned the child in Arkansas, and to
+     have brought her to Illinois [thereby making her free.] He
+     procured Tracy to take the child to Tennessee and sell her.
+     The result of the case not known. (January, 1856.)
+
+     _Two fugitives_, passing through Ohio, (January, 1856,) were
+     closely pursued and nearly overtaken at Columbus, Ohio. "Ten
+     minutes previous warning only saved the fugitives from their
+     pursuers." Deputy Marshal J. Underwood, being called on to
+     act in the case, refused, and resigned his office, saying, he
+     did not expect to be "called upon to help execute the odious
+     Fugitive Slave Law."--_Cincinnati Commercial_.
+
+[--> The following may, not improperly, find a place here.]
+
+     The House of Delegates of Virginia, early in 1856, adopted
+     the following:--"_Be it resolved by the General Assembly_,
+     That our Representatives in Congress are requested, and our
+     Senators be and are hereby instructed, to secure the passage
+     of a law making full compensation to all owners whose slaves
+     have or may hereafter escape into any of the non-slaveholding
+     States of this Union, and there be withheld from those to
+     whom such service or labor may be due."
+
+     _Fourteen persons of color_, held at Los Angelos, California,
+     early in 1856, as the servants of one Robert Smith, were
+     brought before Judge Benjamin Hays, on a writ of _habeas
+     corpus_. Smith alleged that he formerly resided in
+     Mississippi, where he owned these persons; was now about to
+     remove to Texas, and designed to take these persons with him
+     as his slaves. Judge Hays decided that they were all free,
+     and those under twenty-one years of age were placed in the
+     charge of the sheriff, as their special guardian.--_Los
+     Angelos Star._ The opinion of Judge Hays (who was said to be
+     a native of South Carolina,) is a very able one, and under
+     the circumstances, of much interest. It may be found in the
+     _Standard_, of April 5, 1856.
+
+     _Two colored lads_, named RALLS and LOGAN, living in
+     Cincinnati, were kidnapped thence by two men, named Orr and
+     Simpkins, and taken to St. Louis, Missouri, where the men
+     tried to sell them. The men were arrested as kidnappers.
+     (March, 1856.)
+
+     _The Decatur (Illinois) Chronicle_ states that "a man charged
+     with being a fugitive slave was recently arrested at that
+     place and carried off, no one knows where. The sheriff of the
+     county was the willing instrument in the hands of the
+     claimants; no attempt to appeal to the law was made, the
+     negro being carried off as if he were a stray horse or dog."
+     The _Chicago Tribune_ says: "If this is a true statement of
+     the affair, that sheriff has laid himself liable to the
+     charge of kidnapping, and should at once be proceeded against
+     with such rigor as his offence demands." (April, 1856.)
+
+MARGARET GARNER _and seven others_, at Cincinnati, Ohio, January,
+1856. Of this recent and peculiarly painful case we give a somewhat
+detailed account, mainly taken from the Cincinnati papers of the
+day.
+
+     About ten o'clock on Sunday, 27th January, 1856, a
+     party of eight slaves--two men, two women, and four
+     children--belonging to Archibald K. Gaines and John Marshall,
+     of Richwood Station, Boone County, Kentucky, about sixteen
+     miles from Covington, escaped from their owners. Three of the
+     party are father, mother, and son, whose names are Simon,
+     Mary, and Simon, Jr.; the others are Margaret, wife of Simon,
+     Jr., and her four children. The three first are the property
+     of Marshall, and the others of Gaines.
+
+     They took a sleigh and two horses belonging to Mr. Marshall,
+     and drove to the river bank, opposite Cincinnati, and crossed
+     over to the city on the ice. They were missed a few hours
+     after their flight, and Mr. Gaines, springing on a horse,
+     followed in pursuit. On reaching the river shore, he learned
+     that a resident had found the horses standing in the road. He
+     then crossed over to the City, and after a few hours diligent
+     inquiry, he learned that his slaves were in a house about a
+     quarter of a mile below the Mill Creek Bridge, on the river
+     road, occupied by a colored man named Kite.
+
+     He proceeded to the office of United States Commissioner John
+     L. Pendery, and procuring the necessary warrants, with United
+     States Deputy Marshal Ellis, and a large body of assistants,
+     went on Monday to the place where his fugitives were
+     concealed. Arriving at the premises, word was sent to the
+     fugitives to surrender. A firm and decided negative was the
+     response. The officers, backed by a large crowd, then made a
+     descent. Breaking open the doors, they were assailed by the
+     negroes with cudgels and pistols. Several shots were fired,
+     but only one took effect, so far as we could ascertain. A
+     bullet struck a man named John Patterson, one of the
+     Marshal's deputies; tearing off a finger of his right hand,
+     and dislocating several of his teeth. No other of the
+     officers were injured, the negroes being rendered powerless
+     before they could reload their weapons.
+
+     On looking around, horrible was the sight which met the
+     officers' eyes. In one corner of the room was a nearly white
+     child, bleeding to death. Her throat was cut from ear to ear,
+     and the blood was spouting out profusely, showing that the
+     deed was but recently committed. Scarcely was this fact
+     noticed, when a scream issuing from an adjoining room drew
+     their attention thither. A glance into the apartment revealed
+     a negro woman holding in her hand a knife literally dripping
+     with gore, over the heads of two little negro children, who
+     were crouched to the floor, and uttering the cries whose
+     agonized peals had first startled them. Quickly the knife was
+     wrested from the hand of the excited woman, and a more close
+     investigation instituted as to the condition, of the infants.
+     They were discovered to be cut across the head and
+     shoulders, but not very seriously injured, although the blood
+     trickled down their backs and upon their clothes.
+
+     The woman avowed herself the mother of the children, and said
+     that she had killed one and would like to kill the three
+     others, rather than see them again reduced to slavery! By
+     this time the crowd about the premises had become prodigious,
+     and it was with no inconsiderable difficulty that the negroes
+     were secured in carriages, and brought to the United States
+     District Court-rooms, on Fourth Street. The populace followed
+     the vehicle closely, but evinced no active desire to effect a
+     rescue. Rumors of the story soon circulated all over the
+     city. Nor were they exaggerated, as is usually the case. For
+     once, reality surpassed the wildest thought of fiction.
+
+     The slaves, on reaching the marshal's office, seated
+     themselves around the stove with dejected countenances, and
+     preserved a moody silence, answering all questions propounded
+     to them in monosyllables, or refusing to answer at all. Simon
+     is apparently about fifty-five years of age, and Mary about
+     fifty. The son of Mr. Marshall, who is here, in order, if
+     possible, to recover the property of his father, says that
+     they have always been faithful servants, and have frequently
+     been on this side of the river. Simon, Jr., is a young man,
+     about twenty-two years old, of a very lithe and active form,
+     and rather a mild and pleasant countenance. Margaret is a
+     dark mulatto, twenty-three years of age; her countenance is
+     far from being vicious, and her senses, yesterday, appeared
+     partially stultified from the exciting trials she had
+     endured. After remaining about two hours at the marshal's
+     office, Commissioner Pendery announced that the slaves would
+     be removed to the custody of the United States Marshal until
+     nine o'clock Tuesday morning, when the case would come up for
+     examination.
+
+     The slaves were then taken down stairs to the street-door,
+     when a wild and exciting scene presented itself; the
+     sidewalks and the middle of the street were thronged with
+     people, and a couple of coaches were at the door in order to
+     convey the captives to the station-house. The slaves were
+     guarded by a strong posse of officers, and as they made their
+     appearance on the street, it was evident that there was a
+     strong sympathy in their favor. When they were led to the
+     carriage-doors, there were loud cries of "Drive on!" "Don't
+     take them!" The coachmen, either from alarm or from a
+     sympathetic feeling, put the whip to their horses, and drove
+     rapidly off, leaving the officers with their fugitives on the
+     sidewalk. They started on foot with their charge to the
+     Hammond Street station-house, where they secured their
+     prisoners for the night.
+
+     The slaves claimed that they had been on this side of the
+     river frequently, by consent of their masters.
+
+     About three o'clock application was made to Judge Burgoyne
+     for a writ of _habeas corpus_, to bring the slaves before
+     him. This was put in the hands of Deputy Sheriff Buckingham
+     to serve, who, accompanied by several assistants, proceeded
+     to Hammond Street station-house, where the slaves were
+     lodged. Mr. Bennett, Deputy United States Marshal, was
+     unwilling to give them up, and a long time was spent
+     parleying between the marshal and the sheriff's officers. The
+     sheriff being determined that the writ should be executed,
+     Mr. Bennett went out to take counsel with his friends.
+     Finally, through the advice of Mayor Faran, Mr. Bennett
+     agreed to lodge the slaves in the jail, ready to be taken out
+     at the order of Judge Burgoyne. Mr. Buckingham obtained the
+     complete control of the slaves.
+
+     On the morning of the 29th, Sheriff Brashears, being advised
+     by lawyers that Judge Burgoyne had no right to issue his writ
+     for the slaves, and remembering Judge McLean's decision in
+     the Rosetta case, made a return on the writ of _habeas
+     corpus_, that the slaves were in the custody of the United
+     States Marshal, and, therefore, without his jurisdiction.
+     This returned the slaves to the custody of the Marshal. By
+     agreement, the parties permitted the slaves to remain in the
+     county jail during that day, with the understanding that
+     their examination should commence the next morning, before
+     Commissioner Pendery. An inquest had been held on the body of
+     the child which was killed, and a verdict was found by the
+     jury charging the death of the child upon the mother, who it
+     was said would be held under the laws of Ohio to answer the
+     charge of murder. An examination took place on Wednesday,
+     before the United States Commissioner. Time was allowed their
+     counsel to obtain evidence to show that they had been brought
+     into the State at former times by their masters. A meeting of
+     citizens was held on Thursday evening, to express sympathy
+     with the alleged fugitives.
+
+     The _Cincinnati Commercial_ of January 30, said:--The mother
+     is of an interesting appearance, a mulatto of considerable
+     intelligence of manner, and with a good address. In reply to
+     a gentleman who yesterday complimented her upon the looks of
+     her little boy, she said, "You should have seen my little
+     girl that--that--[she did not like to say, was killed]--that
+     died, that was the bird."
+
+     The _Cincinnati Gazette_, of January 30, said:--We learn that
+     the mother of the dead child acknowledges that she had killed
+     it, and that her determination was to have killed all the
+     children, and then destroy herself, rather than return to
+     slavery. She and the others complain of cruel treatment on
+     the part of their master, and allege that as the cause of
+     their attempted escape.
+
+     The coroner's jury, after examining the citizens present at
+     the time of the arrest, went to the jail last evening, and
+     examined the grandmother of the child--one of the slaves. She
+     testified that the mother, when she saw they would be
+     captured, caught a butcher knife and ran to the children,
+     saying she would kill them rather than to have them return to
+     slavery, and cut the throat of the child, calling on the
+     grandmother to help her kill them. The grandmother said she
+     would not do it, and hid under a bed.
+
+     The jury gave a verdict as follows:--That said child was
+     killed by its mother, Margaret Garner, with a butcher knife,
+     with which she cut its throat.
+
+     Two of the jurors also find that the two men arrested as
+     fugitives were accessories to the murder.
+
+     "The murdered child was almost white, and was a little girl
+     of rare beauty."
+
+     The examination of witnesses was continued until Monday,
+     February 4, when the commissioner listened to the arguments
+     of counsel until February 7th. Messrs. Jolliffe and Gitchell
+     appeared for the fugitives, and Colonel Chambers, of
+     Cincinnati, and Mr. Finnell, of Covington, Kentucky, for the
+     claimants of the slaves. A great number of assistants,
+     (amounting very nearly to five hundred,) were employed by the
+     United States Marshal, H.H. Robinson, from the first, making
+     the expenses to the United States Government very large; for
+     their twenty-eight days' service alone, at $2.00 per day,
+     amounting to over $22,000. February 8th, the case was closed,
+     so far as related to the three slaves of Mr. Marshall, but
+     the decision was postponed. The examination in regard to
+     MARGARET and her children was farther continued. It was
+     publicly stated that Commissioner Pendery had declared that
+     he "would not send the woman back into slavery while a charge
+     or indictment for murder lay against her." Colonel Chambers,
+     counsel for the slave-claimants, in his argument, "read
+     long extracts from a pamphlet entitled, 'A Northern
+     Presbyter's Second Letter to Ministers of the Gospel of all
+     Denominations, on Slavery, by Nathan Lord, of Dartmouth
+     College,' approving and recommending Dr. Lord's views."
+     Colonel Chambers having alluded, in his remarks, to Mrs. Lucy
+     Stone Blackwell, and said that she had sought to give a knife
+     to Margaret Garner, the Court gave permission to Mrs.
+     Blackwell to reply to Colonel C. Mrs. B. preferred not to
+     speak at the bar, but addressed the crowded court-room
+     directly after the adjournment. Her eloquent remarks will be
+     found in the papers of the day. At the close of the hearing,
+     February 14th, the commissioner adjourned his court to the
+     21st, afterwards to the 26th, when, he said, he would give
+     his decision.
+
+     Meantime the case was making some progress in the State
+     courts. Sheriff Brashears having made return to the Common
+     Pleas Court that the fugitives were in the custody of the
+     United States Marshal, Judge Carter said this could not be
+     received as a true return, as they were in the County jail,
+     under the sheriff's control. The sheriff then amended his
+     return, so as to state that the prisoners were in his
+     custody, as required in the writ, and this was received by
+     the Court. The fugitives now came fully into the charge of
+     the State authorities. The sheriff held them "by virtue of a
+     _capias_ issued on an indictment by the grand jury for
+     murder."
+
+     The slaves declared they would go dancing to the gallows
+     rather than to be sent back into slavery.
+
+     On the 26th February, Commissioner Pendery gave his decision.
+     First, he refused to discharge Margaret and three others from
+     the custody of the United States Marshal and deliver them to
+     the Sheriff of Hamilton County, although held to answer,
+     under the laws of Ohio, to the charge of murder. He then
+     proceeded to consider the claim of Marshall to three of the
+     slaves, decided it to be valid, and ordered them into
+     Marshall's custody. He then considered Gaines's claim to
+     Margaret and her three surviving children, decided that also
+     to be good and valid, and ordered them to be delivered into
+     the possession of said Gaines.
+
+     The case of the rightful custody, as between the United
+     States Marshal and the Ohio Sheriff also came on, February
+     26th before Judge Leavitt, of the United States District
+     Court, and was argued by counsel on both sides. On the 28th,
+     Judge Leavitt decided that the custody was with the United
+     States Marshal. The substance of Judge L.'s argument and
+     decision is found in the following extract.
+
+     "Judge McLean says: 'Neither this nor any other Court of the
+     United States, nor Judge thereof, can issue a _habeas corpus_
+     to bring up a prisoner who is in custody under the sentence
+     or execution of a State Court, for any other purpose than to
+     be used as a witness. And it is immaterial whether the
+     imprisonment be under _civil or criminal process_.' If it be
+     true, as there asserted, that no Federal Court can interfere
+     with the exercise of the proper jurisdiction of a State
+     Court, either in a civil or criminal case, the converse of
+     the proposition is equally true. And it results that a State
+     Court cannot take from an officer of the United States, even
+     on a criminal charge, the custody of a person in execution on
+     a civil case.
+
+     "It is said in argument that if these persons cannot be held
+     by the arrest of the Sheriff under the State process, the
+     rights and dignity of Ohio are invaded without the
+     possibility of redress. I cannot concur in this view. The
+     Constitution and laws of the United States provide for a
+     reclamation of these persons, by a demand on the Executive of
+     Kentucky. It is true, if now remanded to the claimant and
+     taken back to Kentucky as slaves, they cannot be said to have
+     fled from justice in Ohio; but it would clearly be a case
+     within the spirit and intention of the Constitution and the
+     Act of Congress, and I trust nothing would be hazarded by the
+     prediction that upon demand properly made upon the Governor
+     of Kentucky, he would order them to be surrendered to the
+     authorities of Ohio to answer to its violated law. I am sure
+     it is not going too far to say that if the strictness of the
+     law did not require this, an appeal to comity would not be in
+     vain."
+
+     Mr. Chambers said his client, Mr. Gaines, authorized him to
+     say that he would hold the woman Margaret, who had killed her
+     child, subject to the requisition of the Governor of Ohio, to
+     answer for any crime she might have committed in Ohio.
+
+     Judge Leavitt's decision covered the cases of the four adult
+     fugitives. Another legal process was going on, at the same
+     time, before Judge Burgoyne, of the Probate Court, viz.--a
+     hearing under a writ of _habeas corpus_ allowed by Judge
+     Burgoyne, alleging the illegal detention, by the United
+     States Marshal, of the three negro children, Samuel, Thomas,
+     and Silla Garner, which took place in the Probate Court,
+     before Judge B., on the afternoon of February 27.
+
+     Mr. Jolliffe said he represented the infants at the request
+     of their father and mother, who had solicited him to save the
+     children, if possible.
+
+     Messrs. Headington and Ketchum appeared for the United States
+     Marshal.
+
+     Judge Burgoyne intimated that, in view of the serious and
+     important questions involved, he should require some time to
+     render a decision. He intimated, however, that a majority of
+     the Judges of the Supreme Court having passed on the
+     constitutionality of the Fugitive Slave Law was no reason why
+     he should not take up the Constitution and read it for
+     himself, being sworn to support the Constitution of the
+     United States and the Constitution of the State of Ohio.
+
+     Mr. Ketchum suggested that his Honor was as much bound in
+     conscience to regard the decision of the majority of the
+     Judges of the United States Courts as the express provisions
+     of the Constitution itself.
+
+     Judge Burgoyne said, that however the decisions of the Judges
+     of the United States Courts might aid him in coming to a
+     conclusion, where the obligations of his conscience were
+     involved, he could not screen himself behind a decision made
+     by somebody else.
+
+     Judge Burgoyne subsequently decided that, in as far as the
+     Fugitive Slave Law was intended to suspend the writ of
+     _habeas corpus_--and he believed that it was so intended--it
+     clearly transcended the limits prescribed by the
+     Constitution, and is "utterly void." Judge B. required the
+     United States Marshal to answer to the writ on the following
+     Friday; and on his neglect to do so, fined and imprisoned
+     him. Judge Leavitt, of the United States Court, soon released
+     the Marshal from prison.
+
+     The _Cincinnati Columbian_, of February 29, gave the
+     following account:--The last act of the drama of the
+     fugitives was yesterday performed by the rendition of the
+     seven persons whose advent into the city, under the bloody
+     auspices of murder, caused such a sensation in the community.
+     After the decision of Judge Leavitt, Sheriff Brashears
+     surrendered the four fugitives in his custody, under a
+     _capias_ from an Ohio court, to United States Marshal
+     Robinson. An omnibus was brought to the jail, and the
+     fugitives were led into it--a crowd of spectators looking on.
+
+     Margaret was in custody of Deputy-Marshal Brown. She appeared
+     greatly depressed and dispirited. The little infant, Silla,
+     was carried by Pfc. Russell, the door-keeper of the United
+     States Court, and was crying violently. Pollock, the reporter
+     of the proceedings in the United States Court, conducted
+     another of the fugitives, and all were safely lodged in the
+     omnibus, which drove down to the Covington ferry-boat; but,
+     although a large crowd followed it, no hootings or other
+     signs of excitement or disapprobation were shown.
+
+     On arriving at the Kentucky shore, a large crowd was in
+     attendance, which expressed its pleasure at the termination
+     of the long proceedings in this city by triumphant shouts.
+     The fugitives were escorted to the jail, where they were
+     safely incarcerated, and the crowd moved off to the Magnolia
+     Hotel, where several toasts were given and drank. The crowd
+     outside were addressed from the balcony by H.H. Robinson,
+     Esq., United States Marshal for the Southern District of
+     Ohio, who declared that he had done his duty and no more, and
+     that it was a pleasure to him to perform an act that added
+     another link to the glorious chain that bound the Union.
+     [What a _Union_! For what "glorious" purposes!]
+
+     Mr. Finnell, attorney for the claimants, said he never loved
+     the Union so dearly as now. It was proved to be a substantial
+     reality.
+
+     Judge Flinn also addressed to the crowd one of his peculiar
+     orations; and was followed by Mr. Gaines, owner of Margaret
+     and the children. After hearty cheering the crowd dispersed.
+
+     Further to signalize their triumph, the slaveholders set on
+     the Covington mob to attack Mr. Babb, reporter for one of the
+     Cincinnati papers, on the charge of being an abolitionist,
+     and that gentleman was knocked down, kicked, trampled on,
+     and would undoubtedly have been murdered, but for the
+     interference of some of the United States Deputy Marshals.
+
+     A legal irregularity on the part of the Sheriff was brought
+     to the notice of Judge Carter on the morning of February 29.
+     It was passed over lightly.
+
+     On the Sunday after the delivery of the slaves, they were
+     visited in the Covington jail by Rev. P.C. Bassett, whose
+     account of his interview, especially with Margaret, was
+     published in the _American Baptist_, and may also be found in
+     the _National Antislavery Standard_ of March 15, 1850.
+     Margaret confessed that she had killed the child. "I
+     inquired," says Mr. Bassett, "if she were not excited almost
+     to madness when she committed the act! 'No,' she replied, 'I
+     was as cool as I now am; and would much rather kill them at
+     once, and thus end their sufferings, than have them taken
+     back to slavery and be murdered by piece-meal.' She then told
+     the story of her wrongs. She spoke of her days of suffering,
+     of her nights of unmitigated toil, while the bitter tears
+     coursed their way down her cheeks."
+
+     Governor Chase, of Ohio, made a requisition upon Governor
+     Morehead, of Kentucky, for the surrender of Margaret Garner,
+     charged with murder. The requisition was taken by Joseph
+     Cooper, Esq. to Gov. Morehead, at Frankfort, on the _6th of
+     March_--an unpardonable delay in the circumstances. Gov.
+     Morehead issued an order for the surrender of Margaret. On
+     taking it to Louisville, Mr. Cooper found that Margaret, with
+     her infant child, and the rest of Mr. Gaines's slaves had
+     been sent down the river in the steamboat Henry Lewis, to be
+     sold in Arkansas. Thus it was that Gaines kept his pledged
+     word that Margaret should be surrendered upon the requisition
+     of the Governor of Ohio! On the passage down the Ohio, the
+     steamboat, in which the slaves were embarked, came in
+     collision with another boat, and so violently that Margaret
+     and her child, with many others, were thrown into the water.
+     About twenty-five persons perished. A colored man seized
+     Margaret and drew her back to the boat, but her babe was
+     drowned! "The mother," says a correspondent of the
+     _Louisville Courier_, "exhibited no other feeling than joy at
+     the loss of her child." So closed another act of this
+     terrible tragedy. The slaves were transferred to another
+     boat, and taken to their destination. (_See_ Mr. Cooper's
+     letter to Gov. Chase, dated Columbus, March 11, 1856.) Almost
+     immediately on the above tragic news, followed the tidings
+     that Gaines had determined to bring Margaret back to
+     Covington, Kentucky, and hold her subject to the requisition
+     of the Governor of Ohio. Evidently he could not stand up
+     under the infamy of his conduct. Margaret was brought back,
+     and placed in Covington jail, to await a requisition. On
+     Wednesday, Mr. Cox, the prosecuting-attorney, received the
+     necessary papers from Gov. Chase, and the next day
+     (Thursday), two of the Sheriffs deputies went over to
+     Covington for Margaret, but did not find her, as she had been
+     taken away from the jail the night before. The jailor said he
+     had given her up on Wednesday night, to a man who came there
+     with a written order from her master, Gaines, but could not
+     tell where she had been taken. The officers came back and
+     made a return 'not found.'
+
+     The _Cincinnati Gazette_ said,--"On Friday our sheriff
+     received information which induced him to believe that she
+     had been sent on the railroad to Lexington, thence via
+     Frankfort to Louisville, there to be shipped off to the New
+     Orleans slave market.
+
+     He immediately telegraphed to the sheriff at Louisville (who
+     holds the original warrant from Gov. Morehead, granted on the
+     requisition of Gov. Chase,) to arrest her there, and had a
+     deputy in readiness to go down for her. But he has received
+     no reply to his dispatch. As she was taken out on Wednesday
+     night, there is reason to apprehend that she has already
+     passed Louisville, and is now on her way to New Orleans.
+
+     Why Mr. Gaines brought Margaret back at all, we cannot
+     comprehend. If it was to vindicate his character, he was most
+     unfortunate in the means he selected, for his duplicity has
+     now placed this in a worse light than ever before, and kept
+     before the public the miserable spectacle of his dishonor.
+
+     We have learned now, by experience, what is that boasted
+     comity of Kentucky on which Judge Leavitt so earnestly
+     advised Ohio to rely."
+
+     The assertion of the _Louisville Journal_, that Margaret was
+     kept in Covington jail "ten days," and that the Ohio
+     authorities had been notified of the same, is pronounced to
+     be untrue in both particulars by the _Cincinnati Gazette_,
+     which paper also declares that prompt action was taken by the
+     governor of Ohio, and the attorney and sheriff of Hamilton
+     County, as soon as the fact was known.
+
+     Here we must leave MARGARET, a noble woman indeed, whose
+     heroic spirit and daring have won the willing, and extorted
+     the unwilling, admiration of hundreds of thousands. Alas for
+     her! after so terrible a struggle, so bloody a sacrifice, so
+     near to deliverance once, twice, and even a third time, to
+     be, by the villainy and lying or her "respectable" white
+     owner again engulphed in the abyss of Slavery! What her fate
+     is to be, it is not hard to conjecture. But friendless,
+     heart-stricken, robbed of her children, outraged as she has
+     been, not wholly without friends,
+
+         "Yea, three firm friends, more sure than day and night,
+          Herself, her Maker, and the angel Death."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Extract from a sermon recently delivered in Cleveland, Ohio, by Rev.
+H. BUSHNELL, from the following text: "And it was so, that all that
+saw it, said, There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that
+the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this
+day: CONSIDER OF IT, TAKE ADVICE, AND SPEAK YOUR MINDS."--JUDGES
+XIX: 30.
+
+     A few weeks ago, just at dawn of day, might be seen a company
+     of strangers crossing the winter bridge over the Ohio River,
+     from the State of Kentucky, into the great city of our own
+     State, whose hundred church-spires point to heaven, telling
+     the travellers that in this place the God of Abraham was
+     worshipped, and that here Jesus the Messiah was known, and
+     his religion of love taught and believed. And yet, no one
+     asked them in or offered them any hospitality, or sympathy,
+     or assistance. After wandering from street to street, a poor
+     laboring man gave them the shelter of his humble cabin, for
+     they were strangers and in distress. Soon it was known abroad
+     that this poor man had offered them the hospitalities of his
+     home, and a rude and ferocious rabble soon gathered around
+     his dwelling, demanding his guests. With loud clamor and
+     horrid threatening they broke down his doors, and rushed upon
+     the strangers. They were an old man and his wife, their
+     daughter and her husband with four children; and they were of
+     the tribe of slaves fleeing from a bondage which was worse
+     than death. There was now no escape--the tribes of Israel had
+     banded against them. On the side of the oppressor there is
+     power. And the young wife and mother, into whose very soul
+     the iron had entered, hearing the cry of the master: "Now
+     we'll have you all!" turning from the side of her husband and
+     father, with whom she had stood to repel the foe, seized a
+     knife, and with a single blow nearly severed the head from
+     the body of her darling daughter, and throwing its bloody
+     corpse at his feet, exclaimed, "Yes, you _shall_ have us all!
+     take that!" and with another blow inflicted a ghastly wound
+     upon the head of her beautiful son, repeating, "Yes, you
+     _shall_ have us all--take that!" meanwhile calling upon her
+     old mother to help her in the quick work of emancipation--for
+     there were two more. But the pious old grandmother could not
+     do it, and it was now too late--the rescuers had subdued and
+     bound them. They were on their way back to the house of their
+     bondage--a life more bitter than death! On their way through
+     that city of churches whose hundred spires told of Jesus and
+     the good Father above; on their way amid the throng of
+     Christian men, whose noble sires had said and sung, "Give me
+     _liberty_, or give me _death_."
+
+     But they all tarried in the great Queen City of the West--in
+     chains, and in a felon's cell. There our preacher visited
+     them again and again. There he saw the old grandfather and
+     his aged companion, whose weary pilgrimage of unrequited toil
+     and tears was nearly at its end. And there stood the young
+     father and the heroic wife "Margaret." Said the preacher,
+     "Margaret, why did you kill your child?" "It was my own," she
+     said, "given me of God, to do the best a mother could in its
+     behalf. _I have done the best I could!_ I would have done
+     more and better for the rest! I knew it was better for them
+     to go home to God than back to slavery." "But why did you not
+     trust in God--why not wait and hope?" "I did wait, and then
+     we dared to do, and fled in fear, but in hope; hope fled--God
+     did not appear to save--_I did the best I could!"_
+
+     And who was this woman? A noble, womanly, amiable,
+     _affectionate mother_. "But was she not deranged?" Not at
+     all--calm, intelligent, but resolute and determined. "But was
+     she not fiendish, or beside herself with passion?" No, she
+     was most tender and affectionate, and all her passion was
+     that of a _mother's fondest love_. I reasoned with her, said
+     the preacher; tried to awaken a sense of guilt, and lead her
+     to repentance and to Christ. But there was no remorse, no
+     desire of pardon, no reception of Christ or his religion. To
+     her it was a religion of _slavery_, more cruel than death.
+     And where had she lived? where thus taught? Not down among
+     the rice swamps of Georgia, or on the banks of Red River. No,
+     but within sixteen miles of the Queen City of the West! In a
+     nominally Christian family--whose master was most liberal in
+     support of the Gospel, and whose mistress was a communicant
+     at the Lord's table, and a professed follower of Christ!
+     Here, in this family, where slavery is found in its mildest
+     form, she had been kept in ignorance of God's will and word,
+     and learned to know that the mildest form of American
+     slavery, at this day of Christian civilization and Democratic
+     liberty, was worse than death itself! She had learned by an
+     experience of many years, that it was so bad she had rather
+     take the life of her own dearest child, without the hope of
+     Heaven for herself, than that _it_ should experience its
+     unutterable agonies, which were to be found even in a
+     Christian family! But here are her two little boys, of eight
+     and ten years of age. Taking the eldest boy by the hand, the
+     preacher said to him, kindly and gently, "Come here, my boy;
+     what is your name?" "Tom, sir." "Yes, _Thomas_." "No sir,
+     _Tom_." "Well, Tom, how old are you?" "Three _months_." "And
+     how old is your little brother?" "Six _months_, sir!" "And
+     have you no other name but Tom?" "No." "What is your father's
+     name?" "Haven't got any!" "Who made you, Tom?" "Nobody!" "Did
+     you ever hear of God or Jesus Christ?" "No, sir." And this
+     was slavery in its best estate. By and by the aged couple,
+     and the young man and his wife, the remaining children, with
+     the master, and the dead body of the little one, were
+     escorted through the streets of the Queen City of the West by
+     a _national guard of armed men_, back to the great and
+     chivalrous State of old Kentucky and away to the shambles of
+     the South--back to a life-long servitude of hopeless despair.
+     It was a long, sad, silent procession down to the banks of
+     the Ohio; and as it passed, the death-knell of freedom tolled
+     heavily. The sovereignty of Ohio trailed in the dust beneath
+     the oppressor's foot, and the great confederacy of the tribes
+     of modern Israel attended the funeral obsequies, and made
+     ample provision for the necessary expenses! "And it was so,
+     that all that saw it, said, _There was no such deed done, nor
+     seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of
+     the land of Egypt unto this day_; CONSIDER OF IT, TAKE
+     ADVICE, AND SPEAK YOUR MINDS!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+With the sad case of MARGARET GARNER we close, for the present, the
+record of the Fugitive Slave Law, as its history has been daily
+writing itself in our country's annals. Enactment of hell! which has
+marked every step of its progress over the land by suffering and by
+crimes,--crimes of the bloodiest dye, groanings which cannot fully
+be uttered; which is tracked by the dripping blood of its victims,
+by their terrors and by their despair; against which, and against
+that Wicked Nation which enacted it, and which suffers it still to
+stand as their LAW, the cries of the down-trodden poor go up
+continually into the ears of God,--cries of bitterest anguish,
+mingled with fiercest execrations--thousands of Rachels weeping for
+their children, and will not be comforted, because they _are not_.
+
+Reader, is your patriotism of the kind which believes, with the
+supporters of old monarchies, that the Sovereign Power can do no
+wrong? Consider the long record which has been laid before you, and
+say if your country has not enacted a most wicked, cruel, and
+shameful law, which merits only the condemnation and abhorrence of
+every heart. Consider that this law was aimed at the life, liberty,
+and happiness of the poor and least-privileged portion of our
+people--a class whom the laws should befriend, protect, and raise
+up. What is the true character of a law, whose working, whose fruits
+are such as this meagre outline of its history shows? Is it fit that
+such deeds and such a law should have your sanction and support?
+Will you remain in a moment's doubt whether to be a friend or a foe
+to such a law? Will you countenance or support the man, in the
+church or in the state, who is not its open and out-spoken opponent?
+Will you not, rather, yourself trample it under foot, as alike the
+disgrace of your country, the enemy of humanity, and the enemy of
+God? And nobly join, with heart and hand, every honest man who seeks
+to load with the opprobrium they deserve, the law itself and
+everything that justifies and upholds it?
+
+
+In this tract no mention is made of that great company of slaves
+who, flying from their intolerable wrongs and burdens, are overtaken
+before reaching the Free States--(alas, that we should mock
+ourselves with this empty name of _free_!)--and carried back into a
+more remote and hopeless slavery; nor of the thousands who, having
+fled in former years, and established themselves in industry and
+comfort in the Northern States, were compelled again to become
+fugitives, leaving their little all behind them, into a still more
+Northern land where, under British law, they find at last a
+resting-place and protection; nor to any great extent of the
+numerous cases of white citizens, prosecuted, fined, harassed in
+every way, for the _crime_ of giving shelter and succor to the
+hunted wanderers. To have included these--all emphatically _victims_
+of the Fugitive Slave Law--would swell our tract into a volume. What
+a testimony against our land and our people is given by their
+accumulated weight! EVERY LIVING MAN AND WOMAN is GUILTY OF THIS
+GREAT SIN, WHO EITHER BY APOLOGY, OR BY SILENCE, LENDS IT THE LEAST
+SUPPORT.
+
+--> In a record like the foregoing, dealing so largely with facts
+and dates, perfect accuracy is not to be expected, although much
+pains have been taken to make it strictly correct. Any information,
+on good authority, which will help to make the record more exact,
+or more complete, will be very gratefully received. It should be
+addressed to SAMUEL MAY, JR., No. 21 Cornhill, Boston, Mass.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published at the office of the AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY,
+No. 138 Nassau Street, New York. Also to be had at the Anti-Slavery
+Offices, No. 21 Cornhill, Boston, and No. 31 North Fifth Street,
+Philadelphia; of JOEL McMILLAN, Salem, Columbiana Co., Ohio, and
+of JACOB WALTON, Jr., Adrian, Michigan.
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: The following remain as in the original:
+Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Los Angelos; Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter.]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims
+by American Anti-Slavery Society
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