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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Rig Veda Americanus, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Rig Veda Americanus
+       Sacred Songs Of The Ancient Mexicans, With A Gloss In Nahuatl
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 9, 2005 [EBook #14993]
+
+Language: English and Nahuatl
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RIG VEDA AMERICANUS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Ben Beasley and the PG Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+LIBRARY
+OF
+ABORIGINAL AMERICAN
+LITERATURE.
+
+No. VIII.
+
+EDITED BY
+D.G. BRINTON
+
+
+[Illustration: XIPPE TOTEC, GOD OF SILVERSMITHS, IN FULL COSTUME. HYMN
+XV.]
+
+
+BRINTON'S LIBRARY OF
+ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE.
+NUMBER VIII.
+
+
+RIG VEDA AMERICANUS.
+
+
+SACRED SONGS OF THE ANCIENT MEXICANS,
+WITH A GLOSS IN NAHUATL.
+
+EDITED, WITH A PARAPHRASE, NOTES AND
+VOCABULARY,
+
+BY
+DANIEL G. BRINTON
+
+1890
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+In accordance with the general object of this series of volumes--which
+is to furnish materials for study rather than to offer completed
+studies--I have prepared for this number the text of the most ancient
+authentic record of American religious lore. From its antiquity and
+character, I have ventured to call this little collection the RIG VEDA
+AMERICANUS, after the similar cyclus of sacred hymns, which are the most
+venerable product of the Aryan mind.
+
+As for my attempted translation of these mystic chants I offer it with
+the utmost reserve. It would be the height of temerity in me to pretend
+to have overcome difficulties which one so familiar with the ancient
+Nahuatl as Father Sahagun intimated were beyond his powers. All that I
+hope to have achieved is, by the aid of the Gloss--and not always in
+conformity to its suggestions--to give a general idea of the sense and
+purport of the originals.
+
+The desirability of preserving and publishing these texts seems to me to
+be manifest. They reveal to us the undoubtedly authentic spirit of the
+ancient religion; they show us the language in its most archaic form;
+they preserve references to various mythical cycli of importance to the
+historian; and they illustrate the alterations in the spoken tongue
+adopted in the esoteric dialect of the priesthood. Such considerations
+will, I trust, attract the attention of scholars to these fragments of a
+lost literature.
+
+In the appended Vocabulary I have inserted only those words and
+expressions for which I can suggest correct--or, at least,
+probable--renderings. Others will have to be left to future
+investigators.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+Preface
+
+Introduction
+
+    I. Hymn of Huitzilopochtli
+
+   II. War Song of the Huitznahuac
+
+  III. Hymn of Tlaloc
+
+   IV. Hymn to the All-Mother
+
+    V. Hymn to the Virgin Mother
+
+   VI. Hymn to the God of Fire
+
+  VII. Hymn of Mixcoatl
+
+ VIII. Hymn to the God of Flowers
+
+   IX. Hymn to the Goddess of Artists
+
+    X. Hymn to the God of Fishing
+
+   XI. Hymn of the Otomi Leader
+
+  XII. Hymn to the Goddess of Childbirth
+
+ XIII. Hymn to the Mother of Mortals
+
+  XIV. Hymn Sung at a Fast every Eight Years
+
+   XV. Hymn to a Night God
+
+  XVI. Hymn to the Goddess of Food
+
+ XVII. Hymn to the Gods of Wine
+
+XVIII. Hymn to the Master of Waters
+
+  XIX. Hymn to the God of Flowers
+
+   XX. Hymn to the God of Merchants
+
+Glossary
+
+Index
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+
+Xippe Totec, God of Silversmiths, in Full Costume, Frontispiece
+
+Priest of Xippe Totec, Drinking and Playing on a Drum, Hymn XV
+
+Chicomecoatl, Goddess of Food and Drink, Hymn XVI
+
+Totochtin, the Rabbits, Gods of the Drunkards, Hymn XVII
+
+Atlaua, Singing and Dancing, Hymn XVIII
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+As in a previous number of the Library of Aboriginal American Literature
+I have discussed in detail the character of the ancient Mexican poetry,
+I shall confine myself at present to the history of the present
+collection. We owe its preservation to the untiring industry of Father
+Bernardino de Sahagun, one of the earliest missionaries to Mexico, and
+the author of by far the most important work on the religion, manners
+and customs of the ancient Mexicans.
+
+By long residence and close application Sahagun acquired a complete
+mastery of the Nahuatl tongue. He composed his celebrated _Historia de
+las Cosas de la Nueva España_ primarily in the native language, and from
+this original wrote out a Spanish translation, in some parts
+considerably abbreviated. This incomplete reproduction is that which was
+published in Spanish by Lord Kingsborough and Bustamente, and in a
+French rendering with useful notes by Dr. Jourdanet and M. Rémi Simeon.
+
+So far as I know, the only complete copy of the Nahuatl original now in
+existence is that preserved in the Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana in
+Florence, where I examined it in April, 1889. It is a most elaborate and
+beautiful MS., in three large volumes, containing thirteen hundred and
+seventy-eight illustrations, carefully drawn by hand, mostly colored,
+illustrative of the native mythology, history, arts and usages, besides
+many elaborate head and tail pieces to the chapters.
+
+There is another Nahuatl MS. of Sahagun's history in the private
+library of the King of Spain at Madrid, which I examined in May, 1888,
+and of which I published a collation in the _Mémoires de la Sociétè
+Internationale des Américanistes_, for that year. It is incomplete,
+embracing only the first six books of the _Historia_, and should be
+considered merely as a _borrador_ or preliminary sketch for the
+Florentine copy. It contains, however, a certain amount of material not
+included in the latter, and has been peculiarly useful to me in the
+preparation of the present volume, as not only affording another reading
+of the text, valuable for comparison, but as furnishing a gloss or
+Nahuatl paraphrase of most of the hymns, which does not appear in the
+Florentine MS. As evidently the older of the two, I have adopted the
+readings of the Madrid MS. as my text, and given the variants of the
+Florentine MS. at the end of each hymn.
+
+Neither MS. attempts any translation of the hymns. That at Madrid has no
+Spanish comment whatever, while that at Florence places opposite the
+hymns the following remarks, which are also found in the printed copies,
+near the close of the Appendix of the Second Book of the _Historia_:--
+
+"It is an old trick of our enemy the Devil to try to conceal himself in
+order the better to compass his ends, in accordance with the words of
+the Gospel, 'He whose deeds are evil, shuns the light.' Also on earth
+this enemy of ours has provided himself with a dense wood and a ground,
+rough and filled with abysses, there to prepare his wiles and to escape
+pursuit, as do wild beasts and venomous serpents. This wood and these
+abysses are the songs which he has inspired for his service to be sung
+in his honor within the temples and outside of them; for they are so
+artfully composed that they say what they will, but disclose only what
+the Devil commands, not being rightly understood except by those to whom
+they are addressed. It is, in fact, well recognized that the cave, wood
+or abysses in which this cursed enemy hides himself, are these songs or
+chants which he himself composed, and which are sung to him without
+being understood except by those who are acquainted with this sort of
+language. The consequence is that they sing what they please, war or
+peace, praise to the Devil or contempt for Christ, and they cannot in
+the least be understood by other men."
+
+Lord Kingsborough says in a note in his voluminous work on the
+_Antiquities of Mexico_ that this portion of Sahagun's text was
+destroyed by order of the Inquisition, and that there was a memorandum
+to that effect in the Spanish original in the noble writer's possession.
+This could scarcely have referred to a translation of the hymns, for
+none such exists in any MS. I have consulted, or heard of; and Sahagun
+intimates in the passage quoted above that he had made none, on account
+of the obscurity of the diction. Neither does any appear in the
+Florentine MS., where the text of the hymns is given in full, although
+the explanatory Gloss is omitted. This last-mentioned fact has prevented
+me from correcting the text of the Gloss, which in some passages is
+manifestly erroneous; but I have confined myself to reproducing it
+strictly according to the original MS., leaving its correction to those
+who will make use of it.
+
+The Florentine MS. has five colored illustrations of the divinities, or
+their symbols, which are spoken of in the chants. These are probably
+copied from the native hieroglyphic books in which, as we learn from
+Sahagun, such ancient songs were preserved and transmitted. These
+illustrations I had copied with scrupulous fidelity and reproduced by
+one of the photographic processes, for the present work.
+
+Such is the history of this curious document, and with this brief
+introduction I submit it to those who will have the patience and skill
+to unravel its manifold difficulties.
+
+
+
+
+RIG VEDA AMERICANA
+
+
+
+
+I. _Vitzilopochtli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Vitzilopuchi, yaquetlaya, yyaconay, ynohuihuihuia: anenicuic,
+toçiquemitla, yya, ayya, yya y ya uia, queyanoca, oya tonaqui, yyaya,
+yya, yya.
+
+  2. Tetzauiztli ya mixtecatl, ce ymocxi pichauaztecatla pomaya,
+ouayyeo, ayyayya.
+
+  3. Ay tlaxotla tenamitl yuitli macoc mupupuxotiuh, yautlatoa ya,
+ayyayyo, noteuh aya tepanquizqui mitoaya.
+
+  4. Oya yeua uel mamauia, in tlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya,
+itlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya.
+
+  5. Amanteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia ycalipan yauhtiua,
+xinechoncentlalizqui.
+
+  6. Pipiteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia: ycalipan, yautiua,
+xinechoncentlalizqui.
+
+_Var._ 6. This verse is omitted in the Medicean MS.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. In ivitzilopochtli ayac nouiui, _id est_, ayac nechneneuilia, ayac
+iuhqui, in iuhqui. Anenicuic, _id est_, amo ca nen nonicuic, in
+quetzali, in chalchihuitl in ixquich ynotlatqui, toçiquemitl. Queyanoca
+oya tonaqui, _id est_, onocatonat, onocatlatuit.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, tetzauiztli, _id est_, oquintetzauito, in mixteca inic
+oquiyaochiuhqui: oquimanilito in imicxi in pichauazteca, ioan in
+mixteca.
+
+  3. Ay tlaxotla tenamitl, _q.n._, quitepeua inin tena in aquique
+yauchiuallo. Iuitli macoc, _q.n._, oncan quitema in tiçatl in ihuitl.
+Mopopuxotiuh yauhtlatuaya, _q.n._, inic mopopuxoticalaqui yauc, ioan,
+_q.n._, yeuatl quitemaca y yauyutl quitemaceualtia, tepanquizqui,
+mitoayaqui yehuatl quichioa yauyutl.
+
+  4. Oya yeua huel mamauia, _q.n._, çan oc momamauhtiaya in aya
+momochiua yauyutl. Teuhtla milacatzoaya _q.n._, in noteuh in opeuh
+yauyutl, aocac momauhtica iniquac ynoteuhtli moquetza ynoteuhtica
+tlayoa(lli).
+
+  5. Amanteca toyauan, _q.n._, yn iyaoan yn aquique in cani
+omocentlalique ca in calipan in yautioa ca tlatlaz ynin cal.
+
+  6. Pipiteca, toyaoan, xinechoncentlalizque, _q.n._, in pipiteca y
+yaoan mochiuhque. Yn calla in mochiua yauyutl in i calipan.
+
+
+_Translation._
+
+_The Hymn of Huitzilopochtli._
+
+  1. Huitzilopochtli is first in rank, no one, no one is like unto him:
+not vainly do I sing (his praises) coming forth in the garb of our
+ancestors; I shine; I glitter.
+
+  2. He is a terror to the Mixteca; he alone destroyed the
+Picha-Huasteca, he conquered them.
+
+  3. The Dart-Hurler is an example to the city, as he sets to work. He
+who commands in battle is called the representative of my God.
+
+  4. When he shouts aloud he inspires great terror, the divine hurler,
+the god turning himself in the combat, the divine hurler, the god
+turning himself in the combat.
+
+  5. Amanteca, gather yourselves together with me in the house of war
+against your enemies, gather yourselves together with me.
+
+  6. Pipiteca, gather yourselves together with me in the house of war
+against your enemies, gather yourselves together with me.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+Huitzilopochtli was the well-known war-god of the Azteca, whose
+functions are described by Sahagun (_Historia_, Lib. I., cap. 1) and
+many other writers. The hymn here given is probably the _tlaxotecuyotl_,
+which was chanted at the celebration of his feast in the fifteenth month
+of the Mexican calendar (see Sahagun, _Historia_, Lib. II., cap. 34).
+The word means "his glory be established." It was commenced at sunset
+and repeated till sunrise.
+
+  1. "In the garb of our ancestors" (_to-citli-quemitl_). The high
+priest appeared in the insignia of Quetzalcoatl, which, says Sahagun,
+"were very gorgeous." (_Hist._, Lib. II., Appendix.)
+
+  2. Mixteca, plural of Mixtecatl, an inhabitant of Mixtecapan, near the
+Pacific. The Huasteca, a nation of Maya lineage, lived on the Gulf
+coast.
+
+  3. The god was called the Hurler, as he was believed to hurl the
+lightning serpent (the _xiuhcoatl_).
+
+  5. Sahagun recites the legends about the Amanteca (_Historia_, Lib.
+IX., cap. 18). Here the name refers to the inhabitants of the quarter
+called Amantlan.
+
+  6. _Pipiteca_, a _nomen gentile_, referring doubtless to a certain
+class of the hearers.
+
+This hymn may be compared to another, descriptive of the same divinity,
+preserved in Sahagun's MS. in Madrid. It is as follows, with my
+translation by its side.
+
+Vitzilopuchtli                     Huitzilopochtli,
+
+Can maceualli                      Only a subject,
+
+Can tlacatl catca.                 Only a mortal was.
+
+Naualli                            A magician,
+
+Tetzauitl                          A terror,
+
+Atlacacemelle                      A stirrer of strife,
+
+Teixcuepani                        A deceiver,
+
+Quiyocoyani in yaoyotl             A maker of war,
+
+Yautecani                          An arranger of battles,
+
+Yautlatoani;                       A lord of battles;
+
+Ca itechpa mitoaya                 And of him it was said
+
+Tepan quitlaza                     That he hurled
+
+In xiuhcoatl                       His flaming serpent,
+
+Immamalhuaztli                     His fire stick;
+
+Quitoznequi yaoyotl                Which means war,
+
+Teoatl tlachinolli.                Blood and burning;
+
+Auh iniquac ilhuiq'xtililoya       And when his festival was celebrated,
+
+Malmicouaya                        Captives were slain,
+
+Tlaaltilmicoaya                    Washed slaves were slain,
+
+Tealtilaya impochteca.             The merchants washed them.
+
+Auh inic mochichiuaya:             And thus he was arrayed:
+
+Xiuhtotonacoche catca              With head-dress of green feathers,
+
+Xiuhcoanauale                      Holding his serpent torch,
+
+Xiuhtlalpile                       Girded with a belt,
+
+Matacaxe                           Bracelets upon his arms,
+
+Tzitzile                           Wearing turquoises,
+
+Oyuvale.                           As a master of messengers.
+
+When in Florence, in 1889, I had an accurate copy made of the Nahuatl
+text and all the figures of the first book of Sahagun's History. The
+colored figure of Huitzilopochtli is in accordance with the above
+description.
+
+
+
+
+II. _Uitznaoac yautl icuic._
+
+
+  1. Ahuia tlacochcalco notequioa ayayui nocaquia tlacatl, ya
+nechyapinauia, ayaca nomati, nitetzauiztli, auia, ayaca nomati niya,
+yautla, aquitoloc tlacochcalco notequioa, iuexcatlatoa ay nopilchan.
+
+  2. Ihiya quetl tocuilechcatl quauiquemitl nepapan oc uitzetla.
+
+  3. Huia oholopa telipuchtla, yuiyoc yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.
+
+  4. Huia uitznauac telepochtla yuiyoc, yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia yuiyoc, ynomalli.
+
+  5. Huia ytzicotla telipochtla, yuiyoc, yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.
+
+  6. Uitznauac teuaqui, machiyotla tetemoya, ahuia oyatonac, yahuia
+oyatonac, machiyotla tetemoya.
+
+  7. Tocuilitla teuaqui, machiyotla tetemoya, ahuia oyatonac, yahuia
+oyatonac uia, machiyotla tetemoya.
+
+_Var._ 6. Vitzanaoac teuhoaqui machiotla. _MS. Med._
+
+
+_The War Song of the Huitznahuac._
+
+  1. What ho! my work is in the hall of arms, I listen to no mortal, nor
+can any put me to shame, I know none such, I am the Terror, I know none
+other, I am where war is, my work is said to be in the hall of arms, let
+no one curse my children.
+
+  2. Our adornment comes from out the south, it is varied in color as
+the clothing of the eagle.
+
+  3. Ho! ho! abundance of youths doubly clothed, arrayed in feathers,
+are my captives, I deliver them up, I deliver them up, my captives
+arrayed in feathers.
+
+  4. Ho! youths for the Huitznahuac, arrayed in feathers, these are my
+captives, I deliver them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my
+captives.
+
+  5. Youths from the south, arrayed in feathers, my captives, I deliver
+them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my captives.
+
+  6. The god enters, the Huitznahuac, he descends as an example, he
+shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an example.
+
+  7. Adorned like us he enters as a god, he descends as an example, he
+shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an example.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+There is no Gloss to this hymn, but its signification seems clear.
+_Huitznahuac_ was a name applied to several edifices in the great temple
+at Tenochtitlan, as we are informed at length by Sahagun. The word is a
+locative from _huitznahua_. This term means "magicians from the south"
+or "diviners with thorns," and was applied in the Quetzalcoatl mythical
+cyclus to the legendary enemies of Huitzilopochtli, whom he is said to
+have destroyed as soon as he was born. (See my discussion of this myth
+in _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_ for 1887.)
+Apparently to perpetuate the memory of this exploit, the custom was, at
+the festival of Huitzilopochtli, for the slaves who were to be
+sacrificed to form two bands, one representing the Huitznahua and the
+other the partisans of the god, and to slaughter each other until the
+arrival of the god Paynal put an end to the combat (Sahagun,
+_Historia_, Lib. II., cap. 34). The song here given belongs to this
+portion of the ancient rite.
+
+  1. The _tlacochcalli_, "house of arrows" (_tlacochtli_, arrow,
+_calli_, house), was a large hall in the temple of Huitzilopochtli where
+arrows, spears and other arms were kept (Sahagun, Lib. VIII., cap. 32).
+
+  2. The "adornment from the south" refers to the meaning of the name
+_Huitznahua_. (See Glossary.)
+
+  3. Sahagun (_ubi sup._) informs us that the slaves condemned to die
+fought against free warriors, and when any of the latter were captured
+they were promptly put to death by their captors.
+
+
+
+
+III. _Tlalloc icuic._
+
+
+  1. Ahuia Mexico teutlaneuiloc amapanitla anauhcampa, ye moquetzquetl,
+aoyequene y chocaya.
+
+  2. Ahuia anneuaya niyocoloc, annoteua eztlamiyaual, aylhuiçolla nic
+yauicaya teutiualcoya.
+
+  3. Ahuia annotequiua naualpilli aquitlanella motonacayouh tic yachiuh
+quitla catlachtoquetl, çan mitziyapinauia.
+
+  4. Ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia anechyaca uelmatia, anotata yn
+oquacuillo ocelocoatl aya.
+
+  5. Ahuia tlallocana, xiuacalco aya quizqui aquamotla, acatonalaya.
+
+  6. Ahuia xiyanouia, nahuia xiyamotecaya ay poyauhtla, ayauh
+chicauaztica, ayauicalo tlallocanaya.
+
+  7. Aua nacha tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.
+
+  8. Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, temoquetl aitlatol, aniquiya
+ilhuiquetl, tetzauhpilla niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.
+
+  9. Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya itopanecauiloc ayoc ynomatia, ay motlapoalli,
+aya ximocaya ye quetzalcalla nepanauia ay yaxcana teizcaltequetl.
+
+  10. Ahuia xiyanouia, ahuia xiyamotequaya ay poyauhtla, ayauh
+chicauaztlica ayauicallo tlalloca.
+
+_Var._ 1. Amopanitl.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. Auia Mexico teutlanauiloc, _q.n._, yn Mexico onetlanauiloc in
+tlaloc. Amapanitl annauhcampa ye moquetzquetl, _q.n._, amapanitl
+nauhcampa omoquequetz. Aoyeque naichocaya, _id est_, itlaocuyaya.
+
+  2. Auia anneuaya niyocoloc, _q.n._, ynehuatl ni tlalloc oniyocoloc.
+Annoteua eztlamiyaual, _q.n._, noteu eztlamiyaualtitiuh. Aylhuiçolla,
+_q.n._, yn umpa ilhuiçololo. Inic yauicaya teuitualcoya, _q.n._ in
+teuitualoc.
+
+  3. Auia annotequiua naualpilli, _q.n._ in tinoteuh naualpilli, _i.e._,
+tlalloc. Aquitlanella motonacayouh, _q.n._, ca nelli teuatl
+ticmochiuilia in motonacayouh. Catlachtoquetl, _q.n._, teuatl
+ticmochiuilia auh in aquin timitzpinauia.
+
+  4. Ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia, _q.n._, catel nechpinauia ca
+monechuelmati. Annotata ynoquacuillo ocelocoatl aya, _q.n._, yn notaua
+ioan yna quacuiloa yn oceloquacuili.
+
+  5. Ahuia tlallocana xiuacalco, _q.n._, in tlalocan xiuhcalco, _id
+est_, acxoyacalco. Ayaquizqui, _q.n._, umpa ualquizque. Aquamotla
+acatonalaya, _q.n._, y notauan yn oquacuiloan acatonal.
+
+  6. Ahuia xicanouia nauia xiyamotecaya, _q.n._, xiuian ximotecati. Ay
+poyauhtlan, _q.n._, in umpa poyauhtlan tepeticpac. Ayauh chicauaztica
+ayauicalo tlalocana, _q.n._, ayauh chicauaztica in auicalo tlalocan.
+
+  7. Aua nach tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui, _q.n._, y nach tozcuecuex y ye
+niauh niman ye choca.
+
+  8. Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, _q.n._, quenamican y ya niauh aço
+anechtemozque. Aniquiya ilhuiquetl tetzapilla niyayalizqui ayaichocaya,
+_q.n._, onquilhui yn tetzapilli ye niyauh niman ye choca.
+
+  9. Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya nitopanecauiloc, _q.n._, nauhxiuhtica in
+topanecauiloz, _id est_, in tepan mochiuaz. Ayoc inomatia ay
+motlapoalli, _q.n._, aocmo nomatia iniquin motlapoalpan. Ca oximoac ye
+quetzalcalla nepanauia, _q.n._, ye qualcan ye netlamachtiloyan ynemca.
+Ay yaxcana teizcaltiquetl, _q.n._, iniaxca inic oteizcalli.
+
+  10. Ahuia xiyanouia, _q.n._, xiuia. Auia xiya motecaya ay poyauhtla,
+_q.n._, ximotecati in umpa poyauhtla. Ayauh chicauaztica auicallo
+tlalocan, _q.n._, ayauh chicauaztica in auicallo in umpa tlallocan.
+
+
+_The Hymn of Tlaloc._
+
+  1. In Mexico the god appears; thy banner is unfolded in all
+directions, and no one weeps.
+
+  2. I, the god, have returned again, I have turned again to the place
+of abundance of blood-sacrifices; there when the day grows old, I am
+beheld as a god.
+
+  3. Thy work is that of a noble magician; truly thou hast made thyself
+to be of our flesh; thou hast made thyself, and who dare affront thee?
+
+  4. Truly he who affronts me does not find himself well with me; my
+fathers took by the head the tigers and the serpents.
+
+  5. In Tlalocan, in the verdant house, they play at ball, they cast the
+reeds.
+
+  6. Go forth, go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly, where
+the thick mist makes the cloudy house of Tlaloc.
+
+  7. There with strong voice I rise up and cry aloud.
+
+  8. Go ye forth to seek me, seek for the words which I have said, as I
+rise, a terrible one, and cry aloud.
+
+  9. After four years they shall go forth, not to be known, not to be
+numbered, they shall descend to the beautiful house, to unite together
+and know the doctrine.
+
+  10. Go forth, go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly,
+where the thick mist makes the cloudy house of Tlaloc.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The god Tlaloc shared with Huitzilopochtli the highest place in the
+Mexican Pantheon. He was the deity who presided over the waters, the
+rains, the thunder and the lightning. The annual festival in his honor
+took place about the time of corn-planting, and was intended to secure
+his favor for this all-important crop. Its details are described at
+great length by Diego Duran, _Historia de Nueva España_, cap. 86, and
+Sahagun, _Historia_, Lib. II., cap. 25, and elsewhere. His name is
+derived from _tlalli_, earth. _Tlalocan_, referred to in v. 5, "the
+place of Tlaloc," was the name of a mountain east of Tenochtitlan, where
+the festival of the god was celebrated; but it had also a mythical
+meaning, equivalent to "the earthly Paradise," the abode of happy souls.
+
+It will be observed that v. 10 is a repetition of v. 6. The word
+_ayauicalo_ refers to the _ayauhcalli_, "house of mist," the home of the
+rain god, which Sahagun informs us was represented at the annual
+festival by four small buildings near the water's edge, carefully
+disposed to face the four cardinal points of the compass (Sahagun, _ubi
+supra_).
+
+In v. 8 the expression _tetzauhpilli_ (_tetzauhqui_, to frighten) may
+be explained by the figure of Tlaloc, whose statue, says Duran, was that
+of _un espantable monstruo, la cara muy fea_ (_ibid._).
+
+The compound in v. 10, _nauhxiuhtica_, "after four years," appears to
+refer to the souls of the departed brave ones, who, according to Aztec
+mythology, passed to the heaven for four years and after that returned
+to the terrestrial Paradise,--the palace of Tlaloc. (See my paper, _The
+Journey of the Soul_, in _Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian
+Society of Philadelphia, 1883_.)
+
+
+
+
+IV. _Teteuynan ycuic._
+
+
+  1. Ahuiya coçauic xochitla oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue
+moquiçican tamoanchan, auayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, aye ayo, ayy
+ayyaa.
+
+  2. Coçauic xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana, teumechaue, moquiçica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, ayo aye, ayya, ayyaa.
+
+  3. Ahuia iztac xochitla, oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue moquiçica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao yya, yyeo, ayeaye, ayya ayyaa.
+
+  4. Ahuiya iztac xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana teumechaue moquiçica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, aye aye, ayya ayyaa.
+
+  5. Ahuia ohoya teutl ca teucontli paca tona aya, itzpapalotli, auayye,
+yyao, yya, yyeo, ayyaa.
+
+  6. Ao, auatic ya itaca chicunauixtlauatla maçatl yyollo, ica
+mozcaltizqui tonan tlaltecutli, ayao, ayyao, ayyaa.
+
+  7. Aho, ye yancuic tiçatla ye yancuic yuitla oya potoniloc yn
+auicacopa acatl xamontoca.
+
+  8. Aho maçatl mochiuhca teutlalipan mitziya noittaco, yeua xiuhnello,
+yeua mimichan.
+
+_Var._ 7. Xamantoca. 8. Yehoa.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, in tonan ocueponya umpa oalquiz yn tamoanchan.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, in amona ca izcui yn xochiuh ca umpa oquiz yn tmoanchan.
+
+  3. _Q.n._ In tonan ocuepo in umpa oquiz tamoanchan.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, in amona iztac in oxochiuh yn umpa oniquiz tamoanchan.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, in tonan ca teucumitl icpac in quiz yn itzpapalotl.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, in tonan ixtlauan in mozcaltito auh inic mozcalti macatl y
+yollo y yeua tonan tlaltecutli.
+
+  7. _Q.n._, auh inic potoniloc, tonan, yancuic tiçatl ioan yancuic yn
+iuitl, auh nauhcampa quite ynacatl.
+
+  8. _Q.n._, in macatl yeuan can iliaya yn ixtlauacan yuhqui inic quic
+noitayan y yeuatl inimich ioan in xiuhnel.
+
+
+_Hymn to the Mother of the Gods._
+
+  1. Hail to our mother, who caused the yellow flowers to blossom, who
+scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.
+
+  2. Hail to our mother, who poured forth flowers in abundance, who
+scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.
+
+  3. Hail to our mother, who caused the yellow flowers to blossom, she
+who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.
+
+  4. Hail to our mother, who poured forth white flowers in abundance,
+who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.
+
+  5. Hail to the goddess who shines in the thorn bush like a bright
+butterfly.
+
+  6. Ho! she is our mother, goddess of the earth, she supplies food in
+the desert to the wild beasts, and causes them to live.
+
+  7. Thus, thus, you see her to be an ever-fresh model of liberality
+toward all flesh.
+
+  8. And as you see the goddess of the earth do to the wild beasts, so
+also does she toward the green herbs and the fishes.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The goddess to whom this hymn is devoted was called _Teteoinan_, the
+Mother of the Gods, _Toçi_, our Mother (maternal ancestor), and also by
+another name which signified "the Heart of the Earth," the latter being
+bestowed upon her, says Duran, because she was believed to be the cause
+of earthquakes. Her general functions were those of a genius of
+fertility, extending both to the vegetable and the animal world. Thus,
+she was the patroness of the native midwives and of women in childbirth
+(Sahagun). Her chief temple at Tepeyacac was one of the most renowned in
+ancient Mexico, and it was a felicitous idea of the early missionaries
+to have "Our Lady of Guadalupe" make her appearance on the immediate
+site of this ancient fane already celebrated as the place of worship of
+the older female deity. The _Codex Ramirez_ makes her a daughter of the
+first King of Culhuacan.
+
+  1. _Tamoanchan._ This word Sahagun translates "we seek our homes,"
+while the _Codex Telleriano-Remensis_ gives the more intelligible
+rendering "there is their home whither they descend," and adds that it
+is synonymous with _Xochitlycacan_, "the place where the flowers are
+lifted." It was the mystical Paradise of the Aztecs, the Home of the
+Gods, and the happy realm of departed souls. The Codex just quoted adds
+that the gods were born there, which explains the introduction of the
+word into this hymn.
+
+  5. For _teucontli_ (see Glossary) I should suggest _teocomitl_, a
+species of ornament, (cf. Sahagun, _Historia_, Lib. II., cap. 37.)
+
+
+
+
+V. _Chimalpanecatl icuic ioan tlaltecaua (nanotl)._
+
+
+  1. Ichimalipan chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoaya, ichimalipan
+chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoa.
+
+  2. Coatepec tequiua, tepetitla moxayaual teueuel aya quinelli
+moquichtiuiui tlalli cuecuechiuia aqui moxayaual teueuella.
+
+
+_Var._ Title. Tlaltecaoannanotl. 2. Cohoatepechquiua.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, yautlatolli ipa omixiuh ynanotl chimalipan in omixiuh, _id
+est_, ipa oquitlacatilli ynanotl in uitzilopochtli y yauyutl.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, coatepec otepeuh tepetitla yc moxaual ioan y teueuel, _id
+est_, ichimal ic otepeuh aocac omoquichquetz iniquac peualoque coatepec
+a iniquac otlalli cuecuechiuh, _id est_, iquac opopoliuhque.
+
+
+_Hymn to Chimalipan in Parturition._
+
+  1. Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of
+battles; Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of
+battles.
+
+  2. On the Coatepec was her labor; on the mountain he ripened into age;
+as he became a man truly the earth was shaken, even as he became a man.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The goddess Chimalipan is not mentioned by the authorities at my
+command; but from the tenor of the hymn it is evident that the name is
+a synonym for the virgin mother of Huitzilopochtli, who is distinctly
+referred to by his title _Yautlatoani_ (see _ante_, p. 18). In the myth,
+she dwelt upon the Coatepetl, the Serpent Mountain, on the site of
+Tulan. For a full discussion of this myth I refer to my inquiry, "_Were
+the Toltecs an Historic Nationality?_" in _Proceedings of the Amer.
+Phil. Soc._ for Sept. 1887, and _American Hero-Myths_, chap. 11.
+(Phila., 1881).
+
+The Gloss distinctly states that the mother of Huitzilopochtli is
+referred to in the hymn. We must regard Chimalipan therefore as
+identical with _Chimalman_, who, according to another myth dwelt in Tula
+as a virgin, and was divinely impregnated by the descending spirit of
+the All-father in the shape of a bunch of feathers.
+
+In other myths she is mentioned as also the mother of the Huitznahua,
+the enemies and the brothers of Huitzilopochtli, referred to in the
+second of this collection of chants.
+
+
+
+
+VI. _Ixcoçauhqui icuic._
+
+
+  1. Huiya tzonimolco notauane ye namech maya pinauhtiz, tetemoca ye
+namech maya pinauhtiz.
+
+  2. Xonca mecatla notecua icçotl mimilcatoc chicueyocan naualcalli
+nauali temoquetlaya.
+
+  3. Huiya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya
+iztleica naual moquizcauia, iztlauan naual moquizca.
+
+  4. Huia tzonimolco maceualli maya temacouia, oya tonaqui, oya tonaqui
+maceualli, maya temacouiya.
+
+  5. Huiya tzonimolco xoxolcuicatl cacauantoc ya ayouica mocuiltonoaci
+tontecuitl moteicnelil mauiztli.
+
+  6. Huiya ciuatontla xatenonotza, ayyauhcalcatl quiyauatla,
+xatenonotza.
+
+_Var._ 2. Xoncan mecatlan notechoan. 3. Iztleica (for iztlauan). 6. Ia
+ayiauhcalcatl.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, yn itzonmolcatl notauane ye nemechpinauhtiz nachcan nochan
+tetemoan, ye nemechpinauhtiz.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, yn mecatla amo tecuhuan in oncan icçotl mimilcatoc
+ueyaquixtoc icçotl uncan in temoc in chicueyocan.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, yn tzonmolco otipeuhque macuico yn tzonmolco macuico
+otipeuhque tleica in amo anualquiça tleica yn ayaualquiça.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, yn tzonmolco otonac auh in omaceualhoan xinechinacaqui
+notechpouizque yn enetoltiloyan.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, yn cuicatl tzomolco ca ye cauani in aic necuiltonollo
+netotilo in tetecuti yeua moteicnelil ca mauiztic.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, yn ciuatontli xitenonotza in quiauat ayauhcalcatl, _id
+est_, in ticiuatontli xitenonotza.
+
+
+_Hymn to Ixcoçauhqui._
+
+  1. In the Hall of Flames let me not put to shame my ancestors;
+descending there, let me not put you to shame.
+
+  2. I fasten a rope to the sacred tree, I twist it in eight folds, that
+by it I, a magician, may descend to the magical house.
+
+  3. Begin your song in the Hall of Flames; begin your song in the Hall
+of Flames; why does the magician not come forth? Why does he not rise
+up?
+
+  4. Let his subjects assist in the Hall of Flames; he appears, he
+appears, let his subjects assist.
+
+  5. Let the servants never cease the song in the Hall of Flames; let
+them rejoice greatly, let them dance wonderfully.
+
+  6. Call ye for the woman with abundant hair, whose care is the mist
+and the rain, call ye for her.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+_Ixcoçauhqui_, "the Yellow Faced," was the Mexican God of Fire.
+Torquemada gives as his synonyms _Xiuhtecutli_, "Lord of Fire," and
+_Huehueteotl_, "the Ancient God" (_Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. VI., cap.
+28). Elsewhere he identifies him with the Sun-god (_Ibid._, Lib. XIV.,
+cap. 4). Sahagun describes his annual festival (_Hist._, Lib. II., cap.
+38), and gives another of his names, _Cueçaltzin_, a reverential form of
+_cuezalotl_, flame (_Hist._, Lib. I., cap. 13).
+
+The _tzonmolco_ so often referred to in this hymn was the sixty-fourth
+edifice in the great temple of Tenochtitlan, and was devoted to the
+worship of Ixcoçauhqui (Sahagun). The word literally means "the place of
+spreading hairs," the rays or ornaments spreading from the head of the
+statue of the god representing flames (Sahagun).
+
+The reference in v. 6 seems to be to one of the women who were
+sacrificed at the festival, as related by Sahagun (Lib. II., App.).
+
+
+
+
+VII. _Mimixcoa icuic._
+
+
+  1. Chicomoztoc quinexaqui, çani aueponi, çani, çani, teyomi.
+
+  2. Tziuactitlan quinexaqui, çani a aueponi, çani, çani, teyomi.
+
+  3. Oya nitemoc, oya nitemoc, aya ica nitemoc notziuaquimiuh, aya ica
+nitemoc notziuaquimiuh.
+
+  4. Oya nitemoc, oya nitemoc, ayayca nitemoc nomatlauacal.
+
+  5. Ni quimacui, ni quimacui, yuaya niquimacui, niquimacui, yuanya ayo
+macuiui.
+
+  6. Tlachtli icpacaya, uel incuicaya, quetzalcuxcuxaya, quinanquilia
+çinteutla, aay.
+
+_Var._ 1. Quinehoaqui. 2. Quineuaqui. 6. Ipac.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, chicomoztoc oniualleuac çani aueponi, ichichimecatlatol,
+çani aueponi, çani, çani teyomi.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, tziuactli in itlan oniualleuac çani aueponi, çani, çani
+teyomi.
+
+  3. Oya nitemoc, _q.n._, onitemoc onitlacatl ipan ynotziuacmiuh;
+onitemoc ipan ynotziuacmiuh ça niman ipan nitlacat ynotlauitol ynomiuh.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, onitemoc onitlacat inipan nomatlauacal ça niman ipan
+nitlacat.
+
+  5. Y yacatlatol. Yc a a inya in chichimeca in chichimecatlatol.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, yn tlataçica tictecazque totlach uncan ticuicazque
+noyehuatl in quetzalcocox.
+
+
+_Hymn of Mixcoatl._
+
+  1. I come forth from Chicomoztoc, only to you, my friends, to you,
+honored ones.
+
+  2. I come forth from Tziuactitlan, only to you my friends, only to you
+honored ones.
+
+  3. I sought, I sought, in all directions I sought with my pack; in all
+directions I sought with my pack.
+
+  4. I sought, I sought, in all directions I sought with my traveling
+net.
+
+  5. I took them in hand, I took them in hand; yes, I took them in hand;
+yes, I took them in hand.
+
+  6. In the ball ground I sang well and strong, like to the quetzal
+bird; I answered back to the god.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+"The Chichimecs," says Sahagun (_Hist._, Lib. VI., cap. 7), "worshipped
+only one god, called _Mixcoatl_." The _Anales de Cuauhtitlan_ speaks of
+Mixcoatl as one of the leaders of the ancient Nahuas from their
+primitive home Chicomoztoc, the land of the Seven Caves. This is what is
+referred to in the above hymn. In later times Mixcoatl became god of
+hunting and of the tornado, and his worship extended to the Otomis.
+
+_Tzihuactitlan_, "the land of the tzihuac bushes," I have not found
+mentioned by any of the Spanish authorities, but it is named in
+connection with Chicomoztoc in an ancient war-song given in my _Ancient
+Nahuatl Poetry_, pp. 88 and 140.
+
+The hymn appears to be in memory of the leadership of Mixcoatl in
+conducting the ancestors of the Nahua on their long wanderings after
+leaving their pristine seats. It should be read in connection with the
+earlier pages of the _Annals of Cuauhtitlan_.
+
+The reduplicated form of the name, _Mimixcoatl_, is not found elsewhere,
+and appears to be a poetic license.
+
+
+
+
+VIII. _Xochipilli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Ye cuicaya tocniuaya ouaya yeo, ye cuicaya ye quetzalcoxcuxa
+yoaltica tlao çinteutla, oay.
+
+  2. Çan quicaquiz nocuic ocoyoalle teumechaue, oquicaquiz nocuica in
+cipactonalla atilili, ouayya.
+
+  3. Ayao, ayao, ayao, ayao, nitlanauati ay tlalocan tlamacazque, ayao,
+ayao, ayao.
+
+  4. Ayao, ayao, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque nitlanauati, aya, ayao,
+ayyao.
+
+  5. Ao çani uallaçic, otli nepaniuia, cani çinteutla campa ye noyaz,
+campa otli nicyatoca ça oay.
+
+  6. Ayao, aya, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque, quiauiteteu, ayyao, aya,
+ayao.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, ca otonac, ca otlatuic ca ye cuico ca ye cuica centeotl in
+quetzalcocox.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, macaco in tocuic ynican maquicaquican yn nican tlaca.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, in tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, yn tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, ca onitlanauati ni tlaloca catli ye nictocaz utli.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, yn antlaloque yn antlamacazque catli nictocaz yn anteteuh.
+
+
+_Hymn to Xochipilli._
+
+  1. O friends, the quetzal bird sings, it sings its song at midnight to
+Cinteotl.
+
+  2. The god will surely hear my song by night, he will hear my song as
+the day begins to break.
+
+  3. I send forth the priests to the house of Tlaloc.
+
+  4. The priests to the house of Tlaloc do I send forth.
+
+  5. I shall go forth, I shall join myself unto them, I shall go where
+is Cinteotl, I shall follow the path to him.
+
+  6. The priests go forth to the house of Tlaloc, to the home of the
+gods of the plain.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+_Xochipilli_, "lord of flowers," otherwise named _Macuilxochitl_, "five
+flowers" (the name of a small odorous plant), was the deity who gave and
+protected all flowering plants. As one of the gods of fertility and
+production, he was associated with Tlaloc, god of rains, and Cinteotl,
+god of maize. His festival is described in Sahagun (_Historia_, Lib. I.,
+cap. 14).
+
+  2. _Cipactonalla_, from _cipactli_, and _tonalli_, may refer to
+_Cipactonal_, the reputed discoverer of the Aztec calendar. See
+_Sahagun_, _Historia_, Lib. IV., cap. I.
+
+
+
+
+IX. _Xochiquetzal icuic._
+
+
+  1. Atlayauican ni xochiquetzalli tlacya niuitza ya motencaliuan
+tamoanchan oay.
+
+  2. Ye quitichocaya tlamacazecatla piltzintecutlo quiyatemoaya ye
+xochinquetzalla xoyauia ay topa niaz, oay.
+
+_Var._ 2. Icotochiquetzalla.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, ompa niuitz ynixochiquetzal tamoanchan.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, choca piltzintecutli quitemoa in xochiquetzal xoyauia no
+umpa niaz.
+
+
+_Hymn to Xochiquetzal._
+
+  1. I, Xochiquetzal, go forth willingly to the dancing place by the
+water, going forth to the houses in Tamoanchan.
+
+  2. Ye noble youths, ye priests who wept, seeking Xochiquetzal, go
+forth there where I am going.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+_Xochiquetzal_, "plumage of flowers," was the deity of the artists, the
+painters, weavers, engravers on metal, silver and goldsmiths, and of all
+who dealt in fine colors. Her figure was that of a young woman with gay
+garments and jewelry (Duran, _Historia_, cap. 94). In the _Codex
+Telleriano-Remensis_ she is assigned as synonyms _Ichpochtli_, the
+Virgin, and _Itzpapalotl_, literally "the obsidian butterfly," but which
+was probably applied to a peculiar ornament of her idol.
+
+On _Tamoanchan_ see notes to Hymn IV.
+
+The term _atlayauican_, which I have translated "the dancing place by
+the water," appears to refer to the "jar dance," _baile de las jicaras_,
+which took place at the festival of the goddess, in the month of
+October. Duran informs us this was executed at a spot by the shore of
+the lake. Ceremonial bathing was carried on at the same festival, and
+these baths were considered to cleanse from sin, as well as from
+physical pollution.
+
+
+
+
+X. _Amimitl icuic._
+
+
+  1. Cotiuana, cotiuana, cali totoch maca huiya yyalimanico,
+oquixanimanico, tlacochcalico, oua, yya yya, matonicaya, matonicalico,
+oua yya yo, çana, çana, ayoueca niuia, çana canoya, ueca niuia, yya,
+yya, yyeuaya, çana, çana, yeucua niuia.
+
+  2. Ye necuiliyaya, niuaya, niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh niuahuaya,
+niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh.
+
+  3. Tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, ayoaya,
+yoaya, ye ca nauhtzini.
+
+  4. Aueya itzipana nomauilia, aueya itzipana nomauilia, aueya itzipana
+nomauilia.
+
+_Var._ 1. Manca. Matinicaya.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+In amimitl icuic yuh mitoa in ueli chichimeca cuic amo uel caquizti in
+quein quitoa in tonauatlatol ypa.
+
+
+_Hymn to Amimitl._
+
+  1. Join together your hands in the house, take hands in the sequent
+course, let them spread forth, spread forth in the hall of arrows. Join
+hands, join hands in the house, for this, for this have I come, have I
+come.
+
+  2. Yes, I have come, bringing four with me, yes I have come, four
+being with me.
+
+  3. Four noble ones, carefully selected, four noble ones, carefully
+selected, yes, four noble ones.
+
+  4. They personally appear before his face, they personally appear
+before his face, they personally appear before his face.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The brief Gloss to this Hymn states that it is of ancient Chichimec
+origin and that it cannot well be rendered in Nahuatl. Its language is
+exceedingly obscure, but it is evidently a dancing song.
+
+_Amimitl_, "the water-arrow," or "fish-spear," was, according to
+Torquemada, especially worshipped at Cuitlahuac. He was god of fishing,
+and visited the subjects of his displeasure with diseases of a dropsical
+or watery character (_Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. VI., cap. 29). On slender
+and questionable grounds Clavigero identifies him with Opochtli, the god
+of net makers and fishers with nets (_Storia Antica del Messico_, Tom.
+II., p. 20).
+
+The four noble ones referred to in vv. 3 and 4 probably refer to those
+characters in the Mexican sacred dances called "the four auroras," four
+actors clothed respectively in white, green, yellow and red robes. See
+Diego Duran, _Historia_, cap. 87.
+
+
+
+
+XI. _Otontecutli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Onoalico, onoalico, pomaya, yyaya, ayyo, ayyo, aya, aya, ayyo.
+
+  2. Chimalocutitlana motlaqueuia auetzini nonoualico, quauinochitla,
+cacauatla motlaqueuia auetzini.
+
+  3. Ni tepanecatli aya cuecuexi, ni quetzallicoatli aya cuecuexi.
+
+  4. Cane ca ya itziueponi, cane ca ya itziueponi.
+
+  5. Otomico, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame ya yauilili, noyoco, nauaco,
+mexicame ya.
+
+  6. A chimalli aya, xa, xauino quiyauilili, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame
+ya.
+
+_Var._ 2. Nonoualco.
+
+
+_Hymn of Olontecutli._
+
+  1. At Nonoalco he rules, at Nonoalco, Oho! Oho!
+
+  2. In the pine woods he prepares your destruction at Nonoalco, in the
+tuna woods, in the cacao woods he prepares your destruction.
+
+  3. I, dweller in the palace, shook them; I, Quetzalcoatl, shook them.
+
+  4. There was a splendor of spears, a splendor of spears.
+
+  5. With my captain, with my courage, with my skill, the Mexicans were
+put to flight; even the Mexicans, with my courage, with my skill.
+
+  6. Go forth, ye shield bearers, put the Mexicans to flight with my
+courage, with my skill.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The absence of a Gloss to this hymn adds to the difficulty of a
+translation. _Otontecutli_ was the chief deity of the Otomis, and the
+chant appears to be one of their war songs in their conflict with the
+Azteca. The name is a compound of _otomitl_, an Otomi, and _tecutli_,
+ruler or lord. He is slightly referred to by Sahagun as "the first ruler
+to govern the ancestors of the Otomis." (_Historia_, Lib. X, cap. 29,
+sec. 5.)
+
+
+
+
+XII. _Ayopechtli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Cane cana ichan, ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc.
+
+  2. Cane cana ichan ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc, cane ichan
+chacayoticaya.
+
+  3. Xiualmeuayauia, xiua xiualmeuayaauiaya yancuipilla, xiualmeuaya.
+
+  4. Auiya xiualmeuaya, ueya, xiua, xiualmeuaya, cozcapilla xiualmeuaya.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, in oncan ichan ayopechtli oncan mixiuiqui tlacatilia in
+cuzcatl quetzalli.
+
+  2. Cane cana ichan, _q.n._, in oncan ichan ayopechcatl oncan
+quitlacatilia in cozcatl quetzalli oncan yoliua, tlacatiua.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, ximeua, ximeua, in tipiltzintli xiualmeua in quinotitlacat
+tipiltzintli.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, xiualmeua, xiualmeua, in tipiltzintli in ti cuzcatl, in ti
+quetzalli.
+
+
+_Hymn to Ayopechcatl._
+
+  1. Truly in whatever house there is a lying-in, Ayopechcatl takes
+charge of the child.
+
+  2. Truly in whatever house there is a lying-in, Ayopechcatl takes
+charge of the child, there where it is weeping in the house.
+
+  3. Come along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you new comer, come along
+and cry out.
+
+  4. Come along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you little jewel, cry
+out.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The name of Ayopechcatl does not appear among the divinities named by
+Sahagun, Duran or the other authorities at my command. Her name
+indicates her function as the goddess of the child-bed and the neonatus,
+and the above hymn establishes her claim to a place in the Aztec
+pantheon.
+
+
+
+
+XIII. _Ciuacoatl icuic._
+
+
+  1. Quaui, quaui, quilaztla, coaeztica xayaualoc uiuiya quauiuitl
+uitzalochpa chalima aueuetl ye colhoa.
+
+  2. Huiya tonaca, acxolma centla teumilco chicauaztica, motlaquechizca.
+
+  3. Uitztla, uitztla, nomactemi, uitztla, uitztla nomactemi, açan
+teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.
+
+  4. Malinalla nomactemi, açan teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.
+
+  5. A omei quauhtli, ye tonanaya chalmecatecutli ay tziuac y mauiztla
+nechyatetemilli, yeua nopiltzinaya mixcoatla.
+
+  6. Ya tonani, yauçiuatzin, aya tonan yauçiuatzi aya y maca coliuacan y
+yuitla y potocaya.
+
+  7. Ahuiya ye tonaquetli, yautlatocaya, ahuiya ye tonaquetli
+yautlatocaya moneuila no tlaca cenpoliuiz aya y maca coliuaca y yuitla y
+potocaya.
+
+  8. Ahuia quauiuitl amo xayaualli onauiya yecoyametl amo xayaualli.
+
+_Var._ 1. Cohoaeztica. 2. Acxoima. 7. Maneuila, cenpoalihuiz, inmaca.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, in quauhcihuatl, ic oxaualoc in coaetztli, ioan in quauhtli
+yhuitli in moteneua iquauhtzon, ipan iualuicoc yn umpa colhuacan.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, inic motocaya çentli, in mochiuaya teumilpa, ichicauaztica
+inic tlatatacaya, inic tocaya.
+
+  3. Uitztla, _q.n._, nomactemi nochicauaztica inic nitocaya, inic
+nitlatatacaya.
+
+  4. Malinalla, uictli, _q.n._, uictica in tlachpanaya, _id est_,
+iceliniquia, yn uncan teumilpan auh ychicauaztica inic nitlatatacaya,
+inic tocaya.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, matlactli omei quauhtli yn notonal innamona auh ynan
+nopilhoan in chalmeca xicuiti in tziuactli xinechtemilica.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, in iyauciuatzin yn amona umpa nochan in coluaca auh in
+quauiuitl nictemaca ynic oquauhtiuac.
+
+  7. _Q.n._, ca otonac ca otlatuic momochiua yauyutl ma tlamalo
+tlalpiliuiz nic temaca in quauiuitl.
+
+  8. _Q.n._, aahuia yn otlamaloc in quauiuitl yc moxaua.
+
+
+_Hymn to Cihuacoatl._
+
+  1. Quilaztli, plumed with eagle feathers, with the crest of eagles,
+painted with serpents' blood, comes with her hoe, beating her drum, from
+Colhuacan.
+
+  2. She alone, who is our flesh, goddess of the fields and shrubs, is
+strong to support us.
+
+  3. With the hoe, with the hoe, with hands full, with the hoe, with
+hands full, the goddess of the fields is strong to support us.
+
+  4. With a broom in her hands the goddess of the fields strongly
+supports us.
+
+  5. Our mother is as twelve eagles, goddess of drum-beating, filling
+the fields of tzioac and maguey like our lord Mixcoatl.
+
+  6. She is our mother, a goddess of war, our mother, a goddess of war,
+an example and a companion from the home of our ancestors (Colhuacan).
+
+  7. She comes forth, she appears when war is waged, she protects us in
+war that we shall not be destroyed, an example and companion from the
+home of our ancestors.
+
+  8. She comes adorned in the ancient manner with the eagle crest, in
+the ancient manner with the eagle crest.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+Cihuacoatl was the mythical mother of the human race. Her name,
+generally translated "serpent woman," should be rendered "woman of
+twins" or "bearing twins," as the myth related that such was her
+fertility that she always bore two children at one lying-in.
+(Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. VI., cap. 31.) She was also known
+by the title _Tonan_ or _Tonantzin_, "our mother," as in v. 5 and 6.
+Still another of her appellations was _Quilaztli_, which is given her in
+v. 1. (Comp. Sahagun, _Historia_, Lib. VI., cap. 27.) She was
+essentially a goddess of fertility and reproduction. The name
+_cihuacoatl_ was also applied to one of the higher magistrates and war
+chiefs in the Aztec army (Sahagun). Reference is made to this in v. 6.
+As a goddess of venerable antiquity, she is spoken of as coming from
+Colhuacan, "the place of the old men," or of the ancestors of the tribe.
+This name is derived from _coloa_, to bend down, as an aged person,
+_colli_, an old man. (See my _Ancient Nahuatl Poetry_, pp. 172-3).
+
+
+
+
+XIV. _Izcatqui yn cuicatl chicuexiuhtica meuaya iniquac atamalqualoya._
+
+
+  1. Xochitl noyollo cuepontimania ye tlacoyoalle, oaya, oouayaye.
+
+  2. Yecoc ye tonan, yecoc ye teutl tlacolteutla, oaya, ooayaya.
+
+  3. Otlacatqui çenteutl tamiyoanichan ni xochitlicacani. Çey xochitli
+yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao, ayaue, oayyaue.
+
+  4. Otlacatqui çenteutl, atl, yayaui cani tlaca pillachiualoya
+chalchimichuacan, yyao, yantala, yatanta, a yyao, ayyaue tilili yao,
+ayyaue, oayyaue.
+
+  5. Oya tlatonazqui tlauizcalleuaya inan tlachinaya nepapan quechol,
+xochitlacacan y yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao, ayyaue,
+oayyayaue.
+
+  6. Tlalpa timoquetzca, tianquiz nauaquia nitlacatla, ni quetzalcoatla,
+yyao, yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao ayyaue, oayyayue.
+
+  7. Ma ya auiallo xochinquauitl itlani nepapan quecholli ma ya in
+quecholli xicaquiya tlatoaya y toteuh, xicaquiya tlatoaya y quechol
+amach yeua tonicauh tlapitza amach ychan tlacaluaz, ouao.
+
+  8. Aye oho, yyayya, ça miquiyecauiz ça noxocha tonaca xochitli ye
+izqui xochitla, xochitlicacan, yyaa.
+
+  9. Ollama, ollama uiue xolutl nauallachic, ollama ya xolutl
+chalchiuecatl xiquitta mach, oya moteca piltzintecutli yoanchan,
+yoanchan.
+
+  10. Piltzintle, piltzintle toçuitica timopotonia tlachco, timotlalli
+yoanchan, yoanchan.
+
+  11. Oztomecatla yyaue, oztomecatla xochiquetzal quimama, ontlatca
+cholola, ayye, ayyo, oye maui noyol, oye maui noyol, aoya yecoc
+centeutl, matiuia obispo, oztomecatl chacalhoa, xiuhnacochtla, yteamic
+ximaquiztla yteamico, ayye, ayye.
+
+  12. Cochina, cochina, cocochi ye nicmaololo, ni cani ye çiuatl ni
+cochina yyeo, ouayeo, yho, yya, yya.
+
+_Var._ 3. Çenteuteutl. 4. Uillachiualoia. 5. Oya tonazqui. 6. Tlapan.
+10. Timotlalia. 11. Suchiquetzal. Ontlatoa cholollan.
+
+
+_This is the Hymn which they sang every eight years when they fasted on
+bread and water._
+
+  1. The flower in my heart blossoms and spreads abroad in the middle of
+the night.
+
+  2. Tonan has satisfied her passion, the goddess Tlazolteotl has
+satisfied her passion.
+
+  3. I, Cinteotl, was born in Paradise, I come from the place of
+flowers. I am the only flower, the new, the glorious one.
+
+  4. Cinteotl was born from the water; he came born as a mortal, as a
+youth, from the cerulean home of the fishes, a new, a glorious god.
+
+  5. He shone forth as the sun; his mother dwelt in the house of the
+dawn, varied in hue as the quechol bird, a new, a glorious flower.
+
+  6. I came forth on the earth, even to the market place like a mortal,
+even I, Quetzalcoatl, great and glorious.
+
+  7. Be ye happy under the flower-bush varied in hue as the quetzal
+bird; listen to the quechol singing to the gods; listen to the singing
+of the quechol along the river; hear its flute along the river in the
+house of the reeds.
+
+  8. Alas! would that my flowers would cease from dying; our flesh is as
+flowers, even as flowers in the place of flowers.
+
+  9. He plays at ball, he plays at ball, the servant of marvellous
+skill; he plays at ball, the precious servant; look at him; even the
+ruler of the nobles follows him to his house.
+
+  10. O youths! O youths! follow the example of your ancestors; make
+yourselves equal to them in the ball count; establish yourselves in your
+houses.
+
+  11. She goes to the mart, they carry Xochiquetzal to the mart; she
+speaks at Cholula; she startles my heart; she startles my heart; she has
+not finished, the priest knows her; where the merchants sell green jade
+earrings she is to be seen, in the place of wonders she is to be seen.
+
+  12. Sleep, sleep, sleep, I fold my hands to sleep, I, O woman, sleep.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+In default of a Gloss to this hymn, the indispensable Sahagun again
+comes to our aid. He informs us in the Appendix to the second book of
+his _Historia_ that "When the Indians celebrated the festival called
+_atamalqualiztli_, which took place every eight years, certain natives
+called Mazateca swallowed living serpents and frogs, and received
+garments as a recompense for their daring." We are not informed as to
+the purpose of the festival, and its name, which signifies "eating
+bread made with water," is merely that of one of the regular systems of
+fasting in vogue in ancient Mexico. (See Sahagun, Lib. III., cap. 8.)
+The song before us appears to be a recitation calling on a number of the
+Nahua divinities.
+
+  1. "The flower in my heart" is a metaphorical expression for song.
+
+  2. _Tonan_, "Our Mother"; _Tlazolteotl_, the goddess of lascivious
+love, _Venus impudica_. The verb _yecoa_ appears to have its early
+signification, expressing carnal connection.
+
+  3. _Centeotl_, god of maize and fertility.
+
+  8. The flowers referred to are the youths and maidens who die young.
+
+  9. The house of the ball player is the tomb.
+
+  11. This verse is very obscure and is obviously corrupt. It contains
+the only Spanish word in the text of these hymns--_obispo_--a word
+including two letters, _b_ and _s_, not in the Nahuatl alphabet.
+
+  12. The woman referred to is Xochiquetzal. See Hymn IX.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: PRIEST OF XIPPE TOTEC, DRINKING AND PLAYING ON A DRUM.
+HYMN XV.]
+
+
+
+
+XV. _Xippe icuic, Totec, yoallauana._
+
+
+  1. Yoalli tlauana, iztleican nimonenequia xiyaqui mitlatia
+teocuitlaquemitl, xicmoquenti quetlauia.
+
+  2. Noteua chalchimamatlaco, apana, y temoya ay quetzallaueuetl, ay
+quetzalxiuicoatl, nechiya iqui nocauhquetl, ouiya.
+
+  3. Maniyauia, nia nia poliuiz, ni yoatzin achalchiuhtla noyollo,
+ateucuitlatl nocoyaitaz, noyolceuizqui tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya,
+otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl ouiya.
+
+  4. Noteua ce in tlaco xayailiuiz çonoa y yoatzin motepeyocpa
+mitzualitta moteua, noyolceuizquin tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya,
+otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl, ouiya.
+
+_Var._ 1. Quetloujia. 2. Noteuhoa chalchimmama tlacoapana itemoia. 3.
+Achalchiuhtla. 4. Centlaco, mitzualitla.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, yn ti yoallauana, ti xipe, totec, tleica in ti monequi in
+timoçuma, in timotlatia, _id est_, tleica in amo quiauiteocuitlaquemitl,
+xicmoquenti, _q.n._, ma quiaui, ma ualauh yn atl.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, yn ti noteuh, otemoc in mauhoualla yn mauh; ay quetzalla
+ueuetl, _id est_, ye tlaquetzalpatia ye tlaxoxouia, ye xopantla. Ay
+quetzal xiuhcoatl nechia iqui no cauhquetl, _id est_, ca ye otechcauh yn
+mayanaliztli.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, ma mauh, ma nipoliui yn ni yoatzin, _id est_, in catleuatl,
+yuhquin chalchiuitl noyollo. A teocuitlatl nocoyaitaz, _q.n._, in
+catleuatl achtomochiuaz ninoyolceuiz.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, yn oteuh cequi tlatlacotyan in mochiua initonacayouh,
+auh in tlein tlatlacotyan achto mochiua mochi tlacatl achto mitzualmaca,
+auh iniquac ye omochimochiuh occeppa nomochi tlacatl mitzualmaca yn
+motonacayuh.
+
+
+_Hymn of the High Priest of Xipe Totec._
+
+  1. The nightly drinking, why should I oppose it? Go forth and array
+yourselves in the golden garments, clothe yourselves in the glittering
+vestments.
+
+  2. My god descended upon the water, into the beautiful glistening
+surface; he was as a lovely water cypress, as a beauteous green serpent;
+now I have left behind me my suffering.
+
+  3. I go forth, I go forth about to destroy, I, Yoatzin; my soul is in
+the cerulean water; I am seen in the golden water; I shall appear unto
+mortals; I shall strengthen them for the words of war!
+
+  4. My god appears as a mortal; O Yoatzin, thou art seen upon the
+mountains; I shall appear unto mortals; I shall strengthen them for the
+words of war.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+There is slight mention of the deity Xipe Totec in the Spanish writers.
+He was the patron divinity of the silversmiths, and his festival,
+attended with peculiarly bloody rites, was celebrated in the first month
+of the calendar. (Duran, _Historia_, cap. 87; Sahagun, Lib. I., cap. 18,
+Lib. II., cap. 21, etc.) Totec is named as one of the companions of
+Quetzalcoatl, and an ancient divinity whose temple stood on the
+_Tzatzitepec_ (see the _Codex Vaticanus_; Tab. XII., in Kingsborough's
+_Mexico_). His high priest was called _Youallauan_, "the nocturnal
+tippler" (_youalli_, night, and _tlauana_, to drink to slight
+intoxication), and it was his duty to tear out the hearts of the human
+victims (Sahagun, _u.s._). The epithet _Yoatzin_, "noble night-god,"
+bears some relation to the celebration of his rites at night.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: CHICOMECOATL, GODDESS OF FOOD AND DRINK. HYMN XVI.]
+
+
+
+
+XVI. _Chicomecoatl icuic._
+
+
+  1. Chicomollotzin xayameua, ximiçotica aca tona titech icnocauazqui
+tiyauia mochan tlallocan nouia.
+
+  2. Xayameua ximiçotica aca tonan titech icnocauazqui tiyauian mochan
+tlallocan nouiya.
+
+_Var._ 1. Xaia mehoa.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, yn ti chicomolotl, _id est_, in ti centli ximeua, xiça,
+xixoa, ca otimouicaya in mochan tlallocan.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, xayameua, _id est_, ximeua, xixua, xiça, ca otimouicaya in
+mochantzinco in tlallocan ca yuhquin ti tonatzon.
+
+
+_Hymn to Chicomecoatl._
+
+  1. O noble Chicomolotl, arise, awake, leave us not unprotected on the
+way, conduct us to the home of Tlaloc.
+
+  2. Arise, awake, leave us not unprotected on the way, conduct us to
+the home of Tlaloc.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The goddess Chicomecoatl, "seven guests," was the deity who presided
+over food and drink. Hence in the first verse she is referred to as
+Chicomolotl, "seven ears of corn," and is spoken of as a guide to
+Tlalocan, or the home of abundance.
+
+Father Duran, who gives a long chapter on this goddess (_Historia_, cap.
+92), translates her name "serpent of seven heads," and adds that she was
+also called _Chalciucihuatl_, "Lady of the Emerald," and _Xilonen_,
+"goddess of the tender ears of maize." Every kind of seed and vegetable
+which served for food was under her guardianship, and hence her festival,
+held about the middle of September, was particularly solemn. Her statue
+represented her as a girl of about twelve years old.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: TOTOCHTIN, THE RABBITS, GODS OF THE DRUNKARDS. HYMN XVII.]
+
+
+
+
+XVII. _Totochtin incuic Tezcatzoncatl._
+
+
+  1. Yyaha, yya yya, yya ayya, ayya ouiya, ayya yya, ayya yya, yyauiyya,
+ayya ayya, yya ayya, yya yya yye.
+
+  2. Coliuacan mauizpan atlacatl ichana, yya ayya, yyayyo.
+
+  3. Tezcatzonco tecpan teutl, macoc ye chocaya, auia, macaiui, macayui
+teutl, macoc yye chocaya.
+
+  4. Auia axalaco tecpanteutl, macoc yye chocaya, macayui, macayui
+teutl, macoc yye chocaya.
+
+_Var._ 3. Tezcatzoncatl tepan. 4. Axalaca.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. Y tlauelcuic, tlauelcuica.
+
+  2. Coliuacan mauizpa tlacatlichana, _q.n._, in tlacatl, _id est_,
+octli ompa ichan ni colhoacan. Mauizpa, _q.n._, temamauhtican.
+
+  3. Tezcatzonco tecpanteutl, _q.n._, ye choca in omacoc teutl
+tezcatzonco tecpan, _id est_, octli. Quimonacayotia in teutl. Macaiui
+teutl, _q.n._, macamo omatoni in teutl, _id est_, octli, ye choca cayamo
+ynemac.
+
+  4. Aia axalaco tecpanteutl, _q.n._, axala in tecpanteutl. Ye choca yn
+omacoc, _id est_, octli axalatecpan, ye choca in omacoc, macamo omaco ni
+ye choca cayamo ynemac.
+
+
+_Hymn to Tezcatzoncatl Totochtin._
+
+  1. Alas! alas! alas! alas! alas! alas!
+
+  2. In the home of our ancestors this creature was a fearful thing.
+
+  3. In the temple of Tezcatzoncatl he aids those who cry to him, he
+gives them to drink; the god gives to drink to those who cry to him.
+
+  4. In the temple by the water-reeds the god aids those who call upon
+him, he gives them to drink; the god aids those who cry unto him.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+Tezcatzoncatl was one of the chief gods of the native inebriating
+liquor, the pulque. Its effects were recognized as most disastrous, as
+is seen from his other names, _Tequechmecaniani_, "he who hangs people,"
+and _Teatlahuiani_, "he who drowns people." Sahagun remarks, "They
+always regarded the pulque as a bad and dangerous article." The word
+_Totochtin_, plural of _tochtli_, rabbit, was applied to drunkards, and
+also to some of the deities of special forms of drunkenness.
+
+The first verse is merely a series of lamentations. The second speaks of
+the sad effects of the pulque in ancient times. (On Colhuacan see Notes
+to Hymn XIII.)
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: ATLAUA, SINGING AND DANCING. HYMN XVIII.]
+
+
+
+
+XVIII. _Atlaua Icuic._
+
+
+  1. Auia nichalmecatl, nichalmecatl, neçaualcautla, neçaualcautla, olya
+quatonalla olya.
+
+  2. Ueya, ueya, macxoyauh quilazteutl y tlapani macxoyauh.
+
+  3. Nimitz acatecunotzaya, chimalticpao moneçoya nimitzacatecunotzaya.
+
+  4. Ayac nomiuh timalla aytolloca nacatl nomiuh aca xeliui timalla.
+
+  5. Tetoma amo yolcana tlamacazquinte tometl, açan axcan ye
+quetzaltototl, nic ya izcaltiquetla.
+
+  6. Y yopuchi noteuh atlauaquetl, aça naxcan ye quetzaltototl, nic ya
+izcaltiquetla.
+
+  1. Neçaualcactla. 2. Itlamani. 4. Aitollaca acatl. Timalli. 5. Tetonac
+amo yolcana tlamacaz quin tetometl.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, ynichalmecatl, yn ineçaualac oqixicauhteuac y nioholti, y
+nioya, ixquatechimal iquatunal.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, ma xiyauh ti quilazteutl, momactemi in macxoyauh.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, iniquac onimitznotz, mochimalticpac timiçoya.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, atle nomiuh yc notimaloa, ca uel itoloc in acatl nomiuh, yn
+acatl xeliui yc ninotimaloa.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, oncan euac in tetuman nitlacochtetumetl. Auh inaxcan ye
+quetzaltotol inic ni tlazcaltia.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, tiacauh in oteuh in atlaua, auh inaxcan yuhqui quetzaltotol
+in nitlazcaltia.
+
+
+_The Hymn of Atlaua._
+
+  1. I Chalmecatl, I Chalmecatl, I leave behind my sandles, I leave my
+sandles and my helmet.
+
+  2. Go ye forth and follow the goddess Quilaztli, follow her
+
+  3. I shall call upon thee to arise when among the shields, I shall
+call upon thee to arise.
+
+  4. I boast of my arrows, even my reed arrows, I boast of my arrows,
+not to be broken.
+
+  5. Arrayed in priestly garb, take the arrow in thy hand, for even now
+I shall arise and come forth like the quetzal bird.
+
+  6. Mighty is my god Atlaua; truly I shall arise and come forth like
+the quetzal bird.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+_Atlaua_, mentioned by Olmos, who translates the word "Master of
+waters," is a divinity of whom little is known. The derivation from
+_atlatl_, arrow, would seem more appropriate to the words of this hymn.
+_Chalmecatl_, used as a synonym in v. 1, appears to be from _chalania_,
+to beat, to strike, as a drum.
+
+On _Quilaztli_ see notes to Hymn XIII.
+
+
+
+
+XIX. _Macuilxochitl Icuic._
+
+
+  1. Ayya, yao, xochitlycaca umpan iuitza tlamacazecatla tlamocoyoalca.
+
+  2. Ayya, yao, ayo intinotzicaya teumechaue oya, yao, tlauizcalac
+yacallea tlamacazecatlo tlamocoyoualca.
+
+  3. Tetzauhteutla notecuyo tezcatlipuca quinanquilican çinteutla, oay.
+
+  4. Tezcatzonco moyolca ayyaquetl yya tochin quiyocuxquia noteuh,
+niquiyatlacaz, niquiyamamaliz, mixcoatepetl colhoacan.
+
+  5. Tozquixaya, nictzotzoniyao, yn tezcatzintli tezcatzintli
+tezcaxocoyeua, tzoniztapaliati tlaoc xoconoctlia ho, a.
+
+1. Tlamocoioaleua. 5. Tozquiuaia. Tzoniztapalatiati.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, ompa nochan in xochitlicacan in itlamacazqui ni
+macuilxochitl.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, motilinia in tinoçi in ompa titlaecoltilozque umpa tochan
+ez.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, yn tetzauitl in tezcatlipoca ca oyaque auh ynic tiui umpa
+titlananquilizque in centeotl.
+
+  4. Tezcatzonco moyolcan, _q.n._, tezcatzonco oyol in tochtli ynic yaz,
+oquiyocux, oquipic, y noteuh oquito nittlaçaz, nicmamaliz, in
+mixcoatepetl colhoacan, _id est_, nictepeuaz.
+
+  5. Tozquixaya nictzotzomiao, _q.n._, nictzotzona, in tezcatzintli
+oncan nexa in tezcatzonco, oncan oyol tzoniztapalatiati ocxoni ni octli.
+
+
+_Hymn to Macuilxochitl._
+
+  1. Yes, I shall go there to-night, to the house of flowers; I shall
+exercise the priestly office to-night.
+
+  2. We labor in thy house, our mother, from dawn unto night, fulfilling
+the priestly office, laboring in the night.
+
+  3. A dreadful god is our god Tezcatlipoca, he is the only god, he will
+answer us.
+
+  4. His heart is in the Tezcatzontli; my god is not timid like a hare
+nor is he peaceable; I shall overturn, I shall penetrate the Mixcoatepec
+in Colhuacan.
+
+  5. I sing, I play on an instrument, I am the noble instrument, the
+mirror; I am he who lifts the mirror; I cry aloud, intoxicated with the
+wine of the tuna.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+As before stated (Notes to Hymn VIII), Macuilxochitl is another title of
+the flower-god Xochipilli.
+
+
+
+
+XX. _Yacatecutli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Anomatia aytoloc, anomatia aytoloc, tzocotzontla aytoloc,
+tzocotzontla anomatia aytoloc.
+
+  2. Pipitla aytoloc, pipitla anomatia aytoloc, cholotla aytoloc,
+pipitla anomatia aytoloc.
+
+  3. Tonacayutl nicmaceuh aça naxcan noquacuillo atliyollo,
+nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.
+
+  4. Chalchiuhpetlacalco ni naxcan aça naxcan noquacuillo, atliyollo
+nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. Anomatia, _q.n._, amo nixpan in omito yauyutl inic otepeualoc
+tzocotzontla, amo nomatia in omito yauyutl.
+
+  2. Pipitla aytoloc, _q.n._, ynic tepeualoc pipitla amo nicmati inic
+omito yauyutl, in cholotla ic otepeualloc amo nixpan ynic oyautlatolloc.
+
+  3. Tonacayutl nicmaceuh, _q.n._, yn tonacayutl inic onicmaçeuh
+ayaxcan, onechualhuicaque in oquacuiloan in xochayutl, in çoqniayutl in
+teuelteca, quimilhui in iquintonaz tlatuiz anoquacuiloan ayezque. Xalli
+tepeuhya, _id est_, tlalocan. Quilmach chalchiuhpetlacalli in quitepeuh
+inic tepeuh.
+
+  4. Chalchiuhpetlacalco ninaxcan, _q.n._, onca ninotlati in chalchiuh
+petlacalco. Ayaxcan ynechualhuicatiaque yn oquacuiloan atliyoloa in umpa
+tlallocan.
+
+
+_Hymn to Yacatecutli._
+
+  1. I know not what is said, I know not what is said, what is said
+about Tzocotzontlan, I know not what is said about Tzocotzontlan.
+
+  2. I know not what is said of Pipitlan, what is said of Pipitlan, nor
+what is said of Cholollan, what of Pipitlan, of Pipitlan.
+
+  3. Now I seek our food, proceeding to eat it and to drink of the
+water, going to where the sand begins.
+
+  4. Now I go to my beautiful house, there to eat my food, and to drink
+of the water, going to where the sand begins.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The god Yacatecutli, whose name means "lord of travelers," or "the lord
+who guides," was the divinity of the merchants. Sahagun (_Historia_,
+Lib. I, cap. 19) and Duran (_Historia_, cap. 90) furnish us many
+particulars of his worship.
+
+The hymn is extremely obscure, containing a number of archaic words, and
+my rendering is very doubtful. The writer of the Gloss is, I think, also
+at fault in his paraphrase. The general purpose of the hymn seems to be
+that of a death-song, chanted probably by the victims about to be
+sacrificed. They were given the sacred food to eat, as described by
+Duran, and then prepared themselves to undergo death, hoping to go to
+"the beautiful house," which the Gloss explains as Tlalocan, the
+Terrestrial Paradise.
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY.
+
+
+A
+
+A, prefix, negative, or positive prefix, = _atl_, water.
+Acatecunotzaya, XVIII, 3. Equivalent, according to the Gloss, to
+                _onimitznotz_.
+Acatona, XVI, 1, 2. For _ac a tonan_. _See_ v. 2.
+Acatonalaya, III, 5. From _acatl_, reed (?).
+Achalchiuhtla, XV, 3. Comp. of _atl_, and _chalchiuitl_.
+Achtoquetl, XV, 3, 4. In the first place, first.
+Acxolma, XIII, 2. Apparently related to _acxoyatl_, wild laurel.
+Açan, XIII, 3. Much, many times.
+Aça naxcan, XVIII, 5, 6; XX, 3, 4. Only now, for _çan axcan_.
+Ahuia, II, 1. An interjection.
+Amanteca, I, 5. Workers in mechanic arts (Molina), especially feathers
+          (Sahagun).
+Amapanitl, III, 1. _Panitl_, banner, flag, with possessive pronoun.
+Amo, _adv._, no, not, negative; _pron._, your.
+Anauhcampa, III, 1. "To all four quarters of the water," i.e., in all
+            directions.
+Anneuaya, III, 2. Poetic for _in nehuatl_, "ego ipse."
+Annotata, III, 4. Poetic for _in no-tauan_, my forefathers.
+Annotequina, III, 3. According to the Gloss, equivalent to _in tino
+             teuh_, thou my god.
+Annoteua, III, 2. Poetic for _in no-teuh_, my lord.
+Anomatia, XX, 1. Not to know, to be ignorant of.
+Aoyequene, III, 1. For _aoc yequene_, "and also no one."
+Apana, XV, 2. Comp. of _atl_, water, and _pani_, upon, postpos.
+Aquamotla, III, 5. From _quammomotla_, to play ball (?).
+Aquitoloc, II, 1. A negative, _itoa_, to say, to tell, in the passive
+           preterit.
+Ateucuitlatl, XV, 3. Golden water. Comp. of _atl_, and _teocuitlatl_.
+Atilili, VIII, 2. _Atilia_, to become clear or light.
+Atl, XIV, 4. Water. In composition, _a_.
+Atliyollo, XX, 3, 4. From _atli_, to drink water. (?)
+Aua, III, 7. An interjection (?).
+Auatic, IV, 6. Mistress of the waters (_atl_, water).
+A-uetztini, XI, 2. From _uetzi_, to fall; "your fall," "your destruction."
+Auiallo, XIV, 7. From _auia_, to be content, to rejoice.
+Axalaco, XVII, 4. From _axalli_, a water plant, and loc. term. _co_.
+Ayac, I, 1, _et sæpe_. Nobody, no one.
+Ayauh, III, 6. Fog, mist; compound form of _ayauitl_.
+Ayauhcalcatl, VI, 6. One who has charge of the mist. Compare
+              _tepancalcatl_, a gardener.
+Ayailicalo, III, 6. From _ayauh_, _calli_, the house of mist, but the
+            Gloss renders it by _auicalo_, the fresh, dewy house (cf.
+            Sah., p. 150).
+Aylhuiçolla, III, 2. Derived by the Gloss from _ilhuice_, more, hence,
+             to make to grow, to increase.
+Ayouica, VI, 5. For _ayaic_, never.
+Aytoloc, XVIII, 4; XX, 1, 2. From _itoa_, to say, to tell, with negative
+         prefix.
+Ayya, I, 1, _et sæpe_; also in the forms _yya_, _ya_, _yyo_, _yye_,
+      _aya_, _ayyo_, etc. An interjection, or shout.
+
+
+C
+
+Ca. 1. And, also. 2. To be.
+Ça, Çan, VII, 1. Only, solely.
+Cacauantoc, VI, 5. Reduplicated from _caua_, to cease, stop, leave off.
+Cacauatla, XI, 2. "Among the cacao trees."
+Calli, I, 5, 6. House; _calipan_, in the house.
+Cana, XII, 1. Somewhere.
+Cane, XII, 1. For _ca nel_, and truly.
+Caqui, VIII, 2. To hear, to listen.
+Caquia, II, 1. From _caqui_, to hear.
+Catlachtoquetl, III, 3. Apparently compounded of the interrogative
+                _catli_ and _tlacatl_, man, mortal; what mortal?
+Catella, III, 4. For _catel_; who indeed?
+Caua, XIV, 7; XV, 2. To cease, to stop; to surpass; to lay down.
+Ce, I, 2; XV, 4. One, a, an.
+Cenpoliuiz, XIII, 7. From _cempoliui_, to perish wholly.
+Centeutl, VII, 6; VIII, 1, 5; XIV, 4; XIX, 3. Prop. name. The god of
+          maize.
+Centla, XIII, 2. For _centli_, ear of corn, dried corn.
+Centlalia, I, 5, 6. To assemble.
+Chacalhoa, XIV, 11. For _chachaloa_, to tinkle, to resound.
+Chalchimamatlaco, XV, 2. Compound of _chalchiuitl_, jade, turquoise;
+                  hence of that color; _mama_, to carry; ref. to betake
+                  oneself; _atl_, water; _co_, postposition.
+Chalchimichuacan, XIV, 4. "The cerulean home of the fishes."
+Chalchiuhecatl, XIV, 9. From _chalchiuitl_, jade; metaphorically,
+                anything precious.
+Chalmecatl, XVIII, 1. From _chalani_, to beat, to strike. Apparently a
+            proper name.
+Chalmecatecutli, XIII, 5. "Ruler of the (drum) beaters." Comp. v. 1.
+Chalima, XIII, 1. Apparently for _chalani_, to strike, to beat,
+         especially a drum.
+Chan, XVI, 1, 2; XVII, 2. House, home.
+Chicauaztica, III, 6; XIII, 2, 3. Strongly, boldly, energetically.
+Chicomoztoc, VII, 1. "At the seven caves." _See_ Notes to Hymn VII.
+Chicomollotzin, XVI, 1. _See_ Notes, p. 59.
+Chicueyocan, VI, 2. In eight folds. From _chicuei_, eight.
+Chicunaui, IV, 6. Nine; but used generally in the sense of "many,"
+           "numerous."
+Chimal, XI, 2. For _chimalli_, buckler, shield.
+Chimalticpac, XVIII, 3. "Above the shield."
+Chipuchica, V, 1. Metastasis for _ichpochtica_, from _ichpochtli_,
+            virgin.
+Chiua, III, 3. To make, to form, to do.
+Chocaya, III, 1, 7. From _choca_, to weep, to cry out.
+Chocayotica, XII, 2. Adverbial from _choca_: "weepingly."
+Cholola, XIV, 11; XX, 2. Proper name. "Place of the fugitives."
+Cipactonalla, VIII, 2. From _tonalli_, the sun, day. Perhaps a proper
+              name.
+Ciuatontla, VI, 6. For _ciuatontli_, little woman.
+Coatepec, V, 1. At the _Coatepetl_, or Serpent Hill.
+Cochina, XIV, 12. From _cochi_, to sleep.
+Colhoa, XIII, 1. For _Colhoacan_, proper name.
+Coliuacan, XVII, 2; XIX, 4. Proper name, for _Colhoacan_.
+Cotiuana, X, 1. Probably for _xo(xi-on)titaana_, tie hands, join hands.
+Coçauic, IV, 1, 2. Poetic for _coztic_, yellow; literally, "yellowed,"
+         from _coçauia_.
+Cozcapantica, XII, 1. Adverbial, from _cozcatl_, a jewel, fig., an
+              infant.
+Cozcapilla, XII, 4. From _cozcatl_, _pilli_, "jewel of a babe."
+Cuecuechiuia, V, 2. From _cuecuechoa_, to shake.
+Cuecuexi, XI, 3. From _cuecuechoa_, to shake.
+Cueponi, IV, 1, etc. To bloom, to blossom.
+Cuicatl, I, 1, _et sæpe_. Hymn, song. In compos., _cuic_.
+
+
+E
+
+Eztlamiyaual, III, 2. Apparently from _eztli_, blood, race, and
+              _tlamiauati_, to surpass, to excel.
+
+
+H
+
+Huia, II, 3. _See_ _Ahuia_.
+
+
+Y
+
+Y, I. For _in_ (_yn_), he, it, the, that, etc.
+Ya. _See_ Ayya.
+Yancuic, IV, 7. New, fresh, green.
+Yancuipilla, XII, 3. New-born babe.
+Yantata, XIV, 3. An exclamation.
+Yaquetlaya, I, 1. Apparently a form of _tlayacati_, or of _yaque_, both
+            from the root _yac-_, a point, a prominence, to be
+            prominent. But the etymology is not clear.
+Yauciuatzin, XIII, 6. _Yaotl-cihuatl-tzin_, "the revered war-woman."
+Yauicaya, III, 2. From _yauh_, to go.
+Yauilili, XI, 5. Causative form of _yauh_, "to cause to go," to put to
+          flight.
+Yautiua, I, 5, 6. Freq. from _yaotia_, to fight.
+Yautlatoaquetl, XV, 3, 4. _See_ _yautlatoaya_.
+Yautlatoaya, I, 3; V. 1. From _yaotl_, war, _tlatoa_, to speak.
+             _Yautlatoani_, ruler in war, was one of the titles of
+             Huitzilopochtli.
+Yaxcana, III, 9. _Axcan_, now. _Axcatl_, goods, property. _Yaxca_, his,
+         its, property.
+Yayalezqui, III, 7, 8. Frequent. of _yaliztli_; to go and come, go back
+            and forth.
+Yca, IV, 6. With which.
+Icçotl, VI, 2. A tree planted in front of temples. Its bark was used for
+        mats (Sahagun).
+Icnocaua, XVI, 1, 2. To leave unprotected, as orphans.
+Ye, VIII, 1. Already, this, but, nevertheless.
+Yecoa, XIII, 8; XIV, 2. 1. To have carnal connection. 2. To end, to
+       finish.
+Yeua, I, 4, etc. For _yehuatl_, he, it, that.
+Ihuitl, I, 3; IV, 7. A feather; _met._, a model, pattern.
+Ihiya, II, 2. Apparently for _iye_, yes, affirmative particle.
+Ilhuiquetl, III, 8. From _ilhuia_, to say, to call.
+Iliuiz, XV, 5. Thoughtlessly; with negative prefix _a_, not
+        thoughtlessly.
+Ymocxi, I, 2. Poetic for _in micti_, from _mictia_, to slaughter.
+Yoalticatla, VIII, 1. _Yoalli-ticatla_, midnight.
+Yoalli, XV, 1. Night.
+Yoatzin, XV, 3, 4. Reverential of _yoalli_, night.
+Yocoxquia, XIX, 4. Peaceably, quietly.
+Yolcan, XVIII, 5. Place of birth.
+Yolceuiz, XV, 3, 4. To appease, to please.
+Yollotl, IV, 6. Heart, mind, center.
+Itaca, IV, 6. For _itacatl_, food, sustenance.
+Iteamic, XIV, 11. From _itta_, to see.
+Itlani, XIV, 7. _See_ _Tlani_.
+Itontecuitl, VI, 5. Explained by the Gloss by _in tetecuti_, which I
+             take to be an error for _in teteuctin_.
+Itopanecauiloc, III, 9. The Gloss gives _ni topan_. The verbal is a
+                passive from _caua_, to leave, to abandon.
+Itta, IV, 8. To see, to esteem.
+Ytzicotla, II, 5. For _uitzicotla_, lit., place abounding in thorns;
+           fig., the south.
+Itzipana, X, 4. Apparently a compound of _ixtli_, face, and _pan_, for
+          the more usual _ixpan_, before, in front of; _ixtli_ in comp.
+          sometimes becomes _itz_, as in _itzoca_, "tener sucia la
+          cara," Molina, _Vocabulario_.
+Itziueponi, XI, 4. For _itztle-cueponi_, "resplendent with spears."
+Itzpapalotl, IV, 5. "The obsidian butterfly," an image of gold and
+             feathers, worn as a royal insignia. _See_ Sahagun, Lib.
+             VII, Cap. 12.
+Yua, III, 8. To send.
+Yuitla, XIII, 6. _See_ _ihuitl_.
+Yuiyoc, II, 3, 4, 5. From _yuiyotl_, a feather, _yuiyoa_, to be dressed
+        in feathers, or feather garments.
+Ixtlauatl, IV, 6. Open field, uncultivated region.
+Yyaconay, I, 1. For _ayac-on-ay_, as appears by the gloss.
+Yya. _See_ Ayya.
+Izqui, XIV, 8. As many as.
+Iztac, IV, 3, 4. White.
+Iz tleica, VI, 3; XV, 1. "Here is why." The interrogative changed into
+           the predicative form. _See_ Paredes, _Compendio_, p. 154.
+
+
+M
+
+Ma, VI, 1. 1. Sign of negative, no, not. 2. Sign of imperative.
+Macaiui, XVII, 3, 4. From _macoa_, and _i_, to drink.
+Maceualli, VI, 4. Subjects, servants.
+Maceuh, XX, 3. From _maceua_, to seek for, to obtain.
+Mach, XIV, 7. Intensive particle.
+Machiyotla, II, 6, 7. For _machiotl_, sign, example.
+Macoa, I, 3; XVII, 3. To aid, to assist.
+Macxoyauh, XVIII, 3. By the Gloss, for _ma-xi-yauh_, imper. of _yauh_,
+           to go.
+Malinalli, XIII, 4. A broom.
+Malli, II, 3, 4, 5. Captive; one taken by hand.
+Mama, XIV, 11. To carry a load on the shoulders.
+Mamalia, XIX, 4. To penetrate.
+Mamauia, I, 4. To frighten, frequentative-causative, from _maui_, to
+         fear.
+Maololo, XIV, 12. From _ma-ololo_, to cover with the hand.
+Mati, II, 1. To know.
+Matiuia, XIV, 11. For _matihuia_, from _mati_.
+Matlauacal, VII, 4. A net-basket.
+Ma-tonicaya, X, 1. Let it shine, let it be bright; from _tona_.
+Mauia, II, 3, 4, 5. To give into the hands of, to deliver up.
+Maui noyol, XIV, 11. To fear in my heart.
+Mauiztli, VI, 5, XIII, 5. An honor (_cosa de estima_, _Molina_). A
+          person of honor.
+Mazatl, IV, 6. (Doubtful.) Deer; any large wild animal.
+Mecatla, VI, 2. For _mecatl_, cord, rope.
+Milacatzoa, I, 4. _Mo-ilacatzoa_, to twine oneself, as a serpent around
+            a tree; refers to the _xiuhcoatl_, fire-serpent, of
+            Huitzilopochtli.
+Mimicha, IV, 8. Fish, for _michin_.
+Mimilcatoc, VI, 2. Twisted, twined.
+Miquiyecauiz, XIV, 8. Compound of _miqui_, to die, and _yecaui_, to
+              cease; "to cease dying."
+Mitoaya, I, 3. For _mo-itoa-ya_, it is said, they said.
+Mixcoatepetl, XIX, 4. The mountain or town of Mixcoatl.
+Mixcoatl, XIII, 5. A proper name.
+Mixiui, XII, 1. To accouch, to bear a child.
+Mixtecatl, I, 2. A proper name. The Mixteca lived on the Pacific coast,
+           to the southwest, and were not of Nahuatl lineage.
+Mixiuiloc, V, 1. From _mixiui_, to accouch, to bear a child.
+Mo-cuiltonoa, VI, 5. To rejoice or enjoy greatly.
+Moneçoya, XVIII, 3. From _neçi_, to appear.
+Mo-neuila, XIII, 7. From _eua_, to rise up, to come forth.
+Mo-quetzquetl, III, 1. For _m-oquequetz_, frequent. of _quetza_; to flow
+               forth, to run from and out. A poetic form, not uncommon.
+Moquichtiuiui, V, 2. _Oquichuia_, to suffer manfully.
+Mo-teca, XIV, 9. They assemble; impers. from _teca_, to place oneself,
+         to lie down.
+Moteua, XV, 4. Perhaps from _itoa_, to say, "it is said."
+Mo-tlaquechizca, XIII, 2, 3, 4. Strengthened form of _tlaquechia_, to
+                 rest upon; to bear down upon; to press upon.
+Mo-tlaqueuia, XI, 2. To seek people, or to hire them to work injury to
+              others.
+Mo-tonacayouh, III, 3. Our flesh; the usual form is _tonacayo_.
+Moxayaual, V, 2. From _yaualoa_, to wander about.
+Moxocha, IV, 2, 4. Probably a compound of _moxochitl-cha-yaui_, to sow
+         flowers.
+Mozcaltizqui, IV, 6. From _mo-izcali_, to resuscitate, to animate.
+
+
+N
+
+Nacha, III, 7. For _nachcan_, there, in that place.
+Nacochtla, XIV, 11. The ears.
+Nahuia, III, 6. From _naui_, four.
+Nanquilia, VII, 6; XIX, 3. To answer.
+Nauaco, XI, 5. "With (my) skill."
+Naualpilli, III, 3. "Master magician;" said by the Gloss to be a name of
+            Tlaloc. Sahagun gives this as one of the gods of the
+            goldsmiths (Lib. IX, cap. 18).
+Naualachic, XIV, 9. Skilfully; from _naualchiua_, to do something
+            skilfully.
+Nauaquia, XIV, 6. Perhaps for _nahuaque_, an epithet of divinity.
+Nauhxiuhtica, III, 9. "After four years" (Molina).
+Neçazualcactla, XVIII, 1. From the Gloss equivalent to _neçaualacautla_,
+                from _neçaualiztli_, fast, fasting, and _caua_, to
+                leave.
+Nechyatetemilli, XIII, 5. Reverential of _temi_, to lie down, to fill.
+Necuilia, X, 2. To bring some one.
+Nella, III, 3. For _nelli_, truly.
+Nen, adv. I, 1. In vain, of no advantage.
+Nenequia, XV, 1. To oppose, to be angry with.
+Nenoualico, XI, 2. See _Onoalico_. _Ne_ is the impersonal, pronominal
+            prefix.
+Nepaniui, VIII, 5. To join, to unite oneself to.
+Nepanauia, III, 9. _Nepan_, thither, and _yauh_, to go.
+Nepapan, II, 2; XIV, 5. Diverse, varied.
+Ne-qui-macui, VII, 5. "I take them by the hand." Explained by the Gloss
+              to be an archaic (_chicimeca_) expression used in leading
+              or guiding (in dance or song).
+Niuaya, X, 2. For _ni-ihua-ya_, I sent (some one).
+Ni-yocoloc, III, 2. Passive preterit from _yocoya_; _yocolia_, to be
+            made, composed, created.
+No. 1. Possess, pron. my, mine. 2. Adv. also, yet.
+Noca, I, 1. Of me, my, mine.
+Nohuihuihuia, I, 1. Poetic form for _neuiuilia_, to equal some one.
+Nomactemi, XIII, 3, 4. _No-maitl-c-temi_, my hand it fills, = with full
+           hands.
+Nomauilia, X, 4. To do a thing personally.
+Nomiuh, XVIII, 4. _No-omitl_, my bone, point, arrow.
+Nopeltzin, XIII, 5. _No-pilli-tzin_, "my revered lord."
+No-tauane, VI, 1. Our fathers.
+No-tecua, VI, 2. For _nic-tecuia_, I tie it, I make it fast. The Gloss,
+          _amo-tecuhuan_, is not intelligible.
+No-teuh, I, 3; XX, 2, 4. "My god."
+Noyoco, XI, 5. Apparently for _niyoco_, "with me alone."
+Noyollo, XV, 3. From _yollotl_, heart, soul, courage, etc.
+
+
+O
+
+Oc, II, 2. Yet, besides this.
+Ocelocoatl, III, 4. "Tiger snake."
+Ocoyoalle, VIII, 2. "The night pine." Apparently a proper name.
+Ocutitlana, XI, 2. "Among the pine woods."
+Oholopa, II, 3. Poetic compound of _ololoa_, to cover, to dress, and
+         _oppa_, twice.
+Ollama, XIV, 9. To play at ball; from _olli_, a ball.
+Olya, XVIII, 1. A form from _ololoa_, to cover or clothe oneself.
+Omei, XIII, 5. For _ome_, two; the Gloss reads _matlactli ome_, twelve.
+On, I, 1, _et sæpe_. A particle, merely euphonic, or signifying action
+    at a distance.
+Onca, _sæpe_. There.
+Onoalico, XI, 1. Proper name, derived from _onoua_, the impersonal form
+          of _onoc_, and meaning "a peopled place," a thickly inhabited
+          spot. The terminal, _co_, is the postposition, at.
+Opuchi, XVIII, 6. "Left-handed;" by the Gloss = _tiacauh_, brave,
+        valiant.
+Oquixanimanico, X, 1. A form in the second person plural, compounded of
+                _quiça_ and _mani_, "coming forth, scatter yourselves
+                around."
+Otlacatqui, XIV, 3, 4. _Ilacati_, to be born.
+Otli, VIII, 5. Path, road.
+Ouayyeo, I, 2. An interjection.
+Oya, _sæpe_. 1. An interjection. 2. Preterit of _yauh_, to go.
+Oyatonac, II, 6, 7. For _otonac_, from _tona_, to shine.
+Oztomecatl, XIV, 11. A merchant.
+
+
+P
+
+Petlacalco, XX, 4. From _petlatl_, mat, _calli_, house, and _co_,
+            post-position.
+Peua, VI, 3. To begin.
+Picha-huazteca, I, 2. Proper name, "The frozen Huastecs," perhaps those
+                living on the high Sierra, who were the nearest to the
+                Nahuas.
+Pillachiualoyan, XIV, 4. Locative from _pilli-chiua_, to engender
+                 offspring.
+Piltzintecutli, IX, 2; XIV, 9. Lord of the youths or children,
+                _piltzintli_.
+Pipiteca, I, 6. Those having charge of the spies, from _pipia_, to spy.
+Pipitla, XX, 2. Reduplicated locative from _pilli_, a child.
+Pinauhtia, VI, 1. To make ashamed.
+Pinauia, II, 1; III, 3, 4. To affront, to put to shame; to censure, to
+         blame.
+Poliuiz, XV, 3. From _poloa_, to destroy.
+Pomaya, I, 2; XI, 1. Apparently for _panauia_, to conquer.
+Potocaya, XIII, 6, 7. _Potli_, companion.
+Potonia, IV, 7; XIV, 10. To be liberal, to give equally or freely; to
+         adorn with feathers.
+Poyauhtla, III, 6. Among the fogs, from _poctli_, smoke, fog, mist;
+           _atl_, water.
+Pupuxotiuh, I, 3. A gerundive form from _popoxoa_, to till, to work the
+            soil; here used figuratively.
+
+
+Q
+
+Quacuillo, III, 4; XX, 3. From _qua_, to eat.
+Quatonalla, XVIII, 1. "Head bright," the helmet on the head.
+Quaui, XIII, 1. A shortened form of _quauiuitl_, in the same verse;
+       compound of _quauhtli_, eagle, _iuitl_, feather; a decoration
+       explained in the Gloss, usually called the _quauhtzontli_, eagle
+       crest.
+Quauinochitla, XI, 2. "Among the tuna trees."
+Quauiquemitl, II, 2. From _quauhtli_, eagle, _quemitl_, clothing, garb.
+Quechol, XIV, 5, 7. A bird.
+Quentia, XV, 1. To dress oneself.
+Quetl, II, 2. Poetic for _quetza_, to rise, to come out of or from. See
+       Gloss to III, 7.
+Quetza, XIV, 6. To arise from.
+Quetzalaueuetl, XV, 2. Of _quetzal_, beautiful, and _aueuetl_, the water
+                cypress, fig. chief, lord.
+Quetzalcalla, III, 9. "The house of the quetzal," beautiful as the
+              quetzal bird. Explained in the Gloss to be the Place of
+              Joy.
+Quetzalcoatli, XI, 3; XIV, 6. Proper name.
+Quetzalcocox, VII, 6; VIII, 7. The pheasant.
+Queyamica, III, 8. For _quenamican_, how there?
+Queyanoca, I, 1. According to the Gloss, equivalent to _onoca_, from
+           _onoc_.
+Quiauiteteu, VIII, 6. Rain gods; _quiauitl_, rain; _teteu_, plural of
+             _teotl_, god.
+Quilaztla, XIII, 1. For Quilaztli, another name of Cihuacoatl.
+Quilazteutl, XVIII, 2. _See_ _Quilaztla_.
+Quinexaqui, VII, 1. Explained by the Gloss by _oniualleuac_, I came
+            quickly (_eua_, in composition, signifies precipitation).
+            Hence it is a form from _yauh_, _yaqui_.
+Quiyauatla, VI, 6. Poetic for _quiauitl_, rain.
+
+
+T
+
+Tamoanchan, IV, 1, etc. "We seek our home," a name applied to the
+            Earthly Paradise. See p. 29.
+Teacuitlaquemitl, XV, 1. Golden garb.
+Teca, III, 6. To spread out, especially of liquids.
+Tecpanteutl, XVII, 3, 4. "Palace god."
+Teicnellili, VI, 5. A benefit, an advantage.
+Teizcaltequetl, III, 9. That which gives wisdom and life. "Teizcali,
+                cosa que da doctrina, y aviva, y da entendimiento"
+                (Molina).
+Telipuchtla, II, 3, 4, 5. For _telpochtli_, a youth.
+Temacouia, VI, 4. From _temaca_, to give, to deliver into the hands of.
+Temoquetl, III, 8. From _temoa_, to seek, _quiza_, to go forth.
+Tenamitl, I, 3. The wall of a city; hence, a town or city.
+Tepanecatl, XI, 3. "Dweller in the palace." A proper name.
+Tepanquizqui, I, 3. A substitute, one who represents another.
+Tepetitlan, V, 2. "Among the mountains."
+Tepeuh, XX, 3, 4. From _peua_, to begin.
+Tepeyocpa, XV, 4. From _tepetl_, _pan_.
+Tequiua, II, 1; V, 2, From _tequiutl_, task, labor, but explained by the
+         Gloss as equivalent to _tepeua_, to overthrow, to conquer.
+Tetemoya, II, 6, 7. Frequentative from _temo_, to descend, to come down,
+          _tetemo_.
+Tetoma, XVIII, 5. From _toma_, to open, to send forth, to let loose.
+Tezauhpilla, III, 8. "Master of fear."
+Tetzauiztli, I, 2. An object which causes fear. A name of
+             Huitzilopochtli. See Tezozomoc, _Cronica Mexicana_, cap.
+             VI.
+Teuaqui, II, 6, 7. From _teotl_, god, _aqui_, to enter, to penetrate.
+Teucontlipaca, IV, 5. Explained by the Gloss as _teucumitl icpac_, upon
+               the thorn bush _teocumitl_, espina grande, Molina). But I
+               should think it to be a compound of _teotl_, _conetl_,
+               _icpac_, "upon the son of the goddess." The son of
+               Teteunan was especially Centeotl, god of maize.
+Teueuel, V, 2. Poetic from _ueue_, the ancients, the elders.
+Teumechaue, IV, 1, 2, 3, 4; VIII, 2; XIX, 2. Perhaps from
+            _teo-ome-chayaue_, "the twice divine seed-thrower," or
+            _teometl-chayaue_, the planter of the divine maguey.
+Teumilco, XIII, 2. From _teotl_, _milli_, _co_, "in the divine
+          cornfield," fig. reference to the battlefield.
+Teutiualcoya, III, 2. The Gloss reads _teuitualcoya_, from _teotl_, god,
+              _ittualo_, passive of _itta_, to see.
+Teu-tlaneuiloc, III, 1. Explained by the Gloss as equivalent to
+                _onetlanauiloc_, an impersonal, passive, preterit, from
+                _naua_, "it was danced." The peculiar sacred dance
+                called _tlanaua_, performed by young girls, is described
+                by Sahagun, Lib. II, cap. 24.
+Teutlalipan, IV, 8. In the divine earth.
+Teyomi, VII, 1. From _teyo_, esteemed, honored.
+Tezcatlipuca, XIX, 2. Proper name of a divinity.
+Tezcatzintli, XIX, 5. Proper name from _tezcatl_, mirror.
+Tezcatzonco, XVII, 3; XIX, 4. Apparently the name of a part of the
+             temple.
+Tianquiz, XIV, 6. The market place.
+Tiçatl, IV, 7. Chalk; fig., model, pattern.
+Timalla, XVIII, 4. Form of _timalloa_, to swell, to increase; fig., to
+         rejoice, to glorify oneself.
+Tlacaluaz, XIV, 7. For _tlacaluaztli_, a blow-pipe.
+Tlacati, XV, 3, 4. For _tlacatl_.
+Tlacatl, II, 1; XIII, 7. Mortal, creature, person.
+Tlaçaz, XIX, 4. From _tlaça_, to overturn.
+Tlachco, XIV, 10. The place of the ball play.
+Tlachinaya, XIV, 5. From _tlachia_, to see.
+Tlachtli, VII, 6. The ball.
+Tlacochcalco, II, 1; X, 1. From _tlacochtli_, arrow, or generally,
+              weapon, _calli_, house, _co_, post-position, in "the hall
+              of weapons," or arsenal. It was a room in that part of the
+              temple dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, and was filled with
+              arrows, spears, etc. Sahagun, Lib. VIII, cap. 32.
+Tlaçolteutla, XIV, 2. Name of a Mexican goddess.
+Tlacoyoalle, XIV, 1. At midnight.
+Tlacyaniuitza, IX, 1. Probably for _tlayauani ni-huitz_, I come dancing,
+               as a dancer.
+Tlaixtotoca, X, 3. _Ixtotoca_, to search for.
+Tlalli, XIV, 10. To place oneself; earth, ground.
+Tlalocan, III, 5; XVI, 1. The home of Tlaloc. See p. 25.
+Tlaloc tlamacazque, VIII, 3, 4, 6. "Dispensers of the benefits of
+                    Tlaloc"; the name applied to the priests of this
+                    divinity.
+Tlalpa, XIV, 6. From _tlalli_, earth, and _pan_.
+Tlaltecutli, IV, 6. _Tlalli_, _tecutli_; lord of the earth or land.
+Tlamacazecatlo, XIX, 2. For _tlamacaztecatl_, one concerned with the
+                priestly office.
+Tlamocoyoualca, XIX, 1, 2. Apparently from _tlamaca_, to serve.
+Tlani, XIV, 7. Below; _i-tlani_, below it.
+Tlanuati, VIII, 3, 4. To send.
+Tlapani, XVIII, 2. To break.
+Tlapitza, XIV, 7. A flute.
+Tlapoalli, III, 9. To number, to reckon.
+Tlapomaya, _see_ _Pomaya_.
+Tlaquaua, XV, 3, 4. To make strong, or hard.
+Tlatia, XV, 1. 1. To hide oneself. 2. To burn oneself.
+Tlatoa, XIV, 7, 11. To sing, to chant, to speak.
+Tlatol, III, 8. For _tlatolli_, speech, discourses, prayers.
+Tlatonazqui, XIV, 5. From _tona_, to shine.
+Tlauana, XV, 1. To drink wine (_octli_),
+Tlauia, XV, 1. To appear red or shining.
+Tlauizcalle, XIV, 5; XIX, 2. Master of the house of the dawn. The
+             terminal _ê_ signifies an active possessive.
+Tlayauican, IX, 1. The dancing-place; from _tlayaua_, to dance in a
+            certain manner.
+Tlaxotecatl teuhtla, I, 4. _See_ Tlaxotla.
+Tlaxotla, I, 3. Passive form from _tlaça_, to hurl, to throw.
+          Huitzilopochtli was specifically "the hurler." _See_ Notes to
+          Hymn I.
+Toçiquemitl, I, 1. From _to-citli-quemitl_, vestment of our ancestress.
+Tocniuaya, VIII, 1. _To-icniuh_, our friend.
+Tocuilitla, II, 7. _See_ Tocuilechcatl.
+Toçiuitica, XIV, 10. From _to-citli-yuitl_, with adverbial ending; "in
+            the feather garb of our ancestors."
+Tocuilechcatl, II, 2. _To_, our, _cuilia_, to paint, adorn; "our
+               adornment."
+To-naca, XIII, 2. "Our flesh."
+Tonanaya, XIII, 5. Reduplicated for _tonaya_, to shine forth.
+Tonaqui, I, 1. A form from _tona_, to shine.
+Tonana, IV, 1. "Our mother;" _nantli_.
+Topaniaz, IX, 2. The Gloss reads more correctly, _no umpa niaz_, "also
+          there I shall go."
+Totoch, X, 1; XVII, title. _Tochtli_, a rabbit; the name of a god of
+        wine; also, of a day of the week.
+Toyauan, I, 5, 6. _To-yauan_, our enemies. (_See_ Olmos. _Gram._, p.
+         25.)
+Tozquiuaua, XIX, 5. From _tozquitl_, voice.
+Tzioac, XIII, 5. For _tzioactli_, a sacred tree; here apparently fig.
+        for a sacred person.
+Tzioactitlan, VII, 2. "In the tzihuac bushes;" the tzihuac was a kind of
+              maguey of a sacred character. _See_ my _Ancient Nahuatl
+              Poetry_, p. 140.
+Tziuaquimiuh, VII, 3. "My havresac made of tzihuac fibres."
+Tzocotzontla, XX, 1. From _tzocoton_, little, _tzontli_, hair.
+Tzonimolco, VI, 1. "Where the hair spreads abroad." The name of the hall
+            sacred to the god of fire in the temple. The expression
+            refers figuratively to the flames blazing upwards like hair
+            from a head.
+Tzotzonia, XIX, 5. To play on an instrument.
+
+
+U
+
+Ualitla, XV, 4. Comp. of _uallauh_ and _itla_.
+Uallaçic, VIII, 5. From _uallauh_, to come, and _acic_, which adds the
+          sense of approaching near.
+Ualmeua, XII, 3. To cry lustily.
+Ueca, X, 1. Far.
+Uel, or Huel, adv., I, 4. Well.
+Uelmatia, III, 4. To appear well, to be well.
+Ueponi, VII, 1. _Uepollotl_, kin, relations.
+Uexcaitoa, II, 1. To offer harm, to curse.
+Uicacapa, IV, 7. Towards, to.
+Uitzalochpan, XIII, 1. Compound of _huitz_, to come, and _tlaloa_, to
+              run.
+Uitzetla, II, 2. For _uitzlan_, in at the south, or the place of thorns.
+Uitznauac, II, 4. For Huitznauac. _See_ Notes to Hymn II.
+Uitztla, XIII, 3. According to the Gloss to v. 4, this is a poetic form
+         for _uictli_, a hoe, the native agricultural implement.
+
+
+X
+
+Xamontoca, IV, 7. _Xi-am-on-itta_, from _itta_, to look, to see. Compare
+           the Gloss.
+Xatenonotza, VI, 6. For _xi-tenonotza_, call ye upon, pray ye to.
+Xayaualli, XIII, 8. From _xayaua_, to adorn oneself in the ancient
+           manner.
+Xeliui, XVIII, 4. To split, to divide.
+Ximocaya, III, 9. Rendered by the Gloss as equivalent to _ximoayan_, the
+          Paradise of Souls; _see_ my _Ancient Nahuatl Poetry_, p. 132.
+Ximiçotica, XVI, 1, 2. From _iça_, to wake up, awake.
+Xiuh, IV, 8. Green; grass.
+Xiuacalco, III, 5. From _xiuh_, _calli_, _co_, in the green house; the
+           Gloss explains it by _acxoyacalco_, "in the house of the wild
+           laurel," or decorated with wild laurel, a plant probably
+           sacred to Tlaloc.
+Xiuicoatl, XV, 2. Grass snake, or green snake. From _xiuitl_, _coatl_.
+Xiyanouia, III, 6. Imperative from _yauh_, to go.
+Xochinquauitl, XIV, 7. The flower-tree.
+Xochiquetzal, XIV, 11. Proper name of a deity.
+Xochitla, IV, 1, etc. Flowers, place of, or abundance of. From
+          _xochitl_.
+Xochitlicacan, XIV, 3, 5. The place of flowers.
+Xoconoctli, XIX, 5. From _xocotl_, fruit, apple.
+Xocoyeua, XIX, 5. From _xococtl_, fruit.
+Xolotl, XIV, 9. A servant, a page.
+Xoyauia, IX, 2. From _xoyaui_, to begrime, to spoil; _xoyauian_, the
+         place of blackness, or of decay.
+Xoxolcuicatl, VI, 5. From _xolotl_, servant, page, and _cuicatl_, song.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+Abundance, the fabled house of,
+Amanteca,
+Amantlan; a quarter of the city of Tenochtitlan,
+Amimitl, the god:
+  hymn to,
+  his functions,
+Ancient god, the, a name of the god of fire,
+"Ancient Nahuatl Poetry," quoted,
+Arrows:
+  the house of,
+  god of,
+Artists, the goddess of,
+Atlaua, the god:
+  hymn to,
+  signification of,
+Auroras, the four,
+Ayopechtli _or_ Ayopechcatl, a goddess:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+Aztec:
+  Mythology, Paradise of,
+  nation, wars of,
+
+Ball, the game of,
+Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana,
+Bread and water, fasting on,
+Bustamente, his edition of Sahagun's _Historia_,
+
+Cardinal points as symbols,
+Chalchiucihuatl, a name of the goddess Chicomecoatl,
+Chalmecatl, name of a deity,
+Chichimecs, an ancient tribe,
+Chicomecoatl, the goddess:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+  her names,
+Chicomolotl, a name of the goddess Chicomecoatl,
+Chicomoztoc, the "seven caves,"
+Childbirth, goddess of,
+Chimalman, the goddess of,
+Chimalipan, the virgin-mother,
+Cholula or Chollolan, a place name,
+Cihuacoatl, the goddess:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+Cinteotl or Centeotl, the god,
+  his birthplace,
+  his functions,
+Cipactonalli, a fabled personage,
+Clavigero, quoted,
+Coatepec, the sacred serpent mountain,
+Codex Ramirèz, the,
+Codex Telleriano-Remensis, the,
+Codex Vaticanus, the,
+Colhuacan:
+  first King of,
+  derivation of,
+  reference to,
+Colors, symbolism of,
+Cuauhtitlan, the Annals of,
+Cuezaltzin, a name of the god of fire,
+
+Dance:
+  the jar,
+  of the "four auroras,"
+Death-song, a,
+Drum, use of the,
+Drum-beating, goddess of,
+Drunkenness, deities of,
+Duran, Diego, quoted,
+
+Eagle's crest, as ornament,
+Earth:
+  goddess of the,
+  heart of the,
+Eight, as a sacred number,
+Emerald, the Lady of the,
+
+Feathers:
+  as ornaments,
+  symbol of the spirit,
+Fertility, genius of,
+Fire, the Mexican god of,
+Fire-stick, the,
+Fish-spear, god of the,
+"Five flowers," the, a plant,
+Flames, the Hall of,
+Flowers:
+  the god of,
+  plumage of,
+  as symbols,
+Food, the goddess of,
+Four, as sacred number,
+
+Gods:
+  mother of the,
+  home of the,
+Green corn, goddess of,
+Guadalupe, Our Lady of,
+
+Hair, as a symbol of flames,
+Heads, serpent of seven,
+Hearts of victims torn out,
+Hieroglyphic books, native,
+Huasteca, a tribe,
+Huehueteotl, a name of the god of fire,
+Huitzilopochtli:
+  hymn to,
+  his functions,
+  description of his idol,
+  festival of,
+  temple of,
+  mother of,
+Huitznahuac:
+  war song of,
+  brother of Huitzilopochtli,
+Hurler, the; epithet applied to Huitzilopochtli,
+
+Ichpochtli, the virgin goddess,
+Illustrations, colored,
+Inquisition, action on Sahagun's Historia,
+Intoxicating drink, the gods of,
+Itzpapalotl, a goddess,
+Ixcoçauhqui, the god of fire, hymn to,
+
+Jade, ornaments of, mentioned,
+Jourdanet, Dr., his translation of Sahagun's _Historia_,
+
+Kingsborough, Lord:
+  his edition of Sahagun's _Historia_,
+  his _Mexican Antiquities_,
+
+Lightning, as a serpent,
+Lying-in, goddesses of. _See_ Childbirth.
+
+Macuilxochitl:
+  name of a deity,
+  hymn to,
+Maguey, brought from Paradise,
+Maize:
+  the god of,
+  goddess of,
+Maya tribes in Mexico,
+Mazateca, a certain tribe or caste,
+Merchants, the god of,
+Mexicans, the,
+Mexicans, poetry of,
+Mexico, ancient,
+Mimixcoa. _See_ Mixcoatl.
+Mirror, the use of,
+Mist, the house of,
+Mixcoatl, the god:
+  hymn of,
+  his functions,
+  hill of,
+Mixcoatepec, mountain so called,
+Mixteca   } : a nation,
+Mixtecatl }
+Mixtecapan, a locality,
+Mother of the gods,
+  "our mother,"
+  the virgin,
+
+Nahua, the, as tribal name,
+Nahuatl language, the,
+  MSS.,
+Naualpilli, "noble magician," a name of Tlaloc,
+Night, the god of,
+Nonoalco, a place name,
+
+"Obsidian butterfly," a kind of ornament,
+Olmos, quoted,
+Opochtli, the god of netmakers,
+Otomis, the tribe so-called,
+  war song of,
+Otontecutli, the god:
+  hymn to,
+  his functions,
+
+Paradise, the terrestrial,
+Paynal, the god,
+Parturition, goddess of. _See_ Childbirth.
+Picha-Huasteca, a tribe,
+Pipitlan, a place name,
+Pipiteca, a nomen gentile,
+Poetry, ancient Mexican,
+Pulque, the god of,
+
+Quechol bird, the,
+Quetzal bird, the,
+Quetzalcoatl:
+  priests adopt his garb,
+  as speaker,
+  his companion,
+Quilaztli:
+  name of a goddess,
+  related to Atlaua,
+
+Rain, the god of,
+Rain gods, the, the house of,
+Reproduction, the goddess of,
+
+Sacrifices, human,
+Sahagun, Bernardino de:
+  MS. of his _Historia_,
+  his remarks on the chants,
+  action of Inquisition on,
+  quoted,
+Serpent:
+  the lightning,
+  mountain,
+  the serpent woman,
+  serpent's blood,
+  swallowing of,
+  of seven heads,
+Seven, as a sacred number,
+Simeon, Remi, his notes to Sahagun's _Historia_,
+Slaves, sacrifice of,
+Soul, place in Aztec mythology,
+South, the, as origin of deities,
+Sun-god, the,
+
+Tamoanchan:
+  its signification,
+  the houses of,
+Teatlahuiani, a name of the god of the pulque,
+Temple of Tenochtitlan,
+Tenochtitlan, ancient name of the city of Mexico, temple of,
+Tepeyacac, temple at,
+Tequechmecaniani, a name of the god of drunkenness,
+Teteuinan, hymn of,
+Tezcatlipoca, the god,
+Tezcatzoncatl, god of the pulque,
+  hymn to,
+Tezcatzontli,
+Thorns, diviners with,
+Tlaloc, the god:
+  song of,
+  house of,
+  functions of,
+  figure of,
+Tlalocan, the terrestrial Paradise,
+  guide to,
+  explained,
+Tlazolteotl, the love goddess,
+Toçi, our mother, a goddess,
+Toltecs, the fabulous nation of,
+Torquemada, quoted,
+Totec, the god:
+  hymn to,
+  a companion of Quetzalcoatl,
+Totochtin, gods of intoxication,
+Tochtli, the rabbit, as a god of drunkards,
+Tonan _or_ Tonantzin, the goddess,
+Travelers, the deity of,
+Tulan, the site of,
+Turquoises as ornaments,
+Twins, the goddess of,
+Tzatzitepec, the hill of proclamation,
+Tziuactitlan, a place name,
+Tzocatzontlan, a place name,
+
+Uitznahuac. _See_ Huitznabruac.
+
+Venus impudica, the Mexican,
+Vitzilopochtli. _See_ Huitzilopochtli.
+
+War:
+  the god of,
+  goddess of,
+Water cypress, the,
+Waters, master of the,
+Woman, sacrifice of,
+
+Xilonen, goddess of green corn,
+Xippe Totec, the god, hymn to,
+Xiuhtecutli, a name of the god of fire,
+Xochipilli, the god of flowers:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+  synonym,
+Xochitlycacan, name of the earthly Paradise, its meaning,
+Xochiquetzal, the goddess:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+  reference to,
+
+Yacatecutli, god of travelers, hymn to,
+Yoatzin, the god of night,
+Youallauan, the nocturnal tippler, high priest of Totec,
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Rig Veda Americanus, by Various
+
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+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Rig Veda Americanus, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Rig Veda Americanus
+       Sacred Songs Of The Ancient Mexicans, With A Gloss In Nahuatl
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 9, 2005 [EBook #14993]
+
+Language: English and Nahuatl
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RIG VEDA AMERICANUS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Ben Beasley and the PG Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div id="titleandfriends">
+
+<div id="seriesspec1">
+<div id="library">Library</div>
+<div id="of">of</div>
+<div id="series">Aboriginal American<br />
+Literature.</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="number">No. VIII.</div>
+
+<div id="edby">Edited by</div>
+<div class="editor">D.&#160;G. Brinton</div>
+
+
+<div class="illustration">
+<a href="images/full1.jpg" name="ill1" id="ill1">
+<img src="images/inline1.jpg" alt="[Illustration: XIPPE TOTEC, GOD OF SILVERSMITHS, IN FULL COSTUME. HYMN XV.]" title="XIPPE TOTEC, GOD OF SILVERSMITHS, IN FULL COSTUME. HYMN XV." class="illustration" id="ill1img" />
+</a>
+<div class="caption">Xippe Totec, God of Silversmiths, in Full Costume. Hymn XV.</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="seriesspec2">
+Brinton&#8217;s Library of<br />
+Aboriginal American Literature.<br />
+Number VIII.
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="title">
+Rig Veda Americanus.
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="subtitle">
+Sacred songs of the ancient Mexicans,<br />
+with a gloss in Nahuatl.
+</div>
+
+<div id="ed">
+Edited, with a paraphrase, notes and<br />
+vocabulary,
+</div>
+
+<div id="by">
+by
+</div>
+<div class="editor">
+Daniel G. Brinton
+</div>
+
+<div id="date">1890</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="preface" id="preface">Preface.</a></h1>
+
+<hr class="subh" />
+
+<p>
+In accordance with the general object of this series of volumes&#8212;which
+is to furnish materials for study rather than to offer completed
+studies&#8212;I have prepared for this number the text of the most ancient
+authentic record of American religious lore. From its antiquity and
+character, I have ventured to call this little collection the <span style="text-transform: uppercase">Rig Veda
+Americanus</span>, after the similar cyclus of sacred hymns, which are the most
+venerable product of the Aryan mind.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+As for my attempted translation of these mystic chants I offer it with
+the utmost reserve. It would be the height of temerity in me to pretend
+to have overcome difficulties which one so familiar with the ancient
+Nahuatl as Father Sahagun intimated were beyond his powers. All that I
+hope to have achieved is, by the aid of the Gloss&#8212;and not always in
+conformity to its suggestions&#8212;to give a general idea of the sense and
+purport of the originals.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The desirability of preserving and publishing these texts seems to me to
+be manifest. They reveal to us the undoubtedly authentic spirit of the
+ancient religion; they show us the language in its most archaic form;
+they preserve references to various mythical cycli of importance to the
+historian; and they illustrate the alterations in the spoken tongue
+adopted in the esoteric dialect of the priesthood. Such considerations
+will, I trust, attract the attention of scholars to these fragments of a
+lost literature.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In the appended Vocabulary I have inserted only those words and
+expressions for which I can suggest correct&#8212;or, at least,
+probable&#8212;renderings. Others will have to be left to future
+investigators.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>Contents.</h1>
+
+<hr class="subh" />
+
+
+<ol id="contents">
+<li><a href="#preface" class="link">Preface</a></li>
+<li><a href="#introduction" class="link">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><ol id="contents-hymns">
+<li><a href="#i" class="link">Hymn of Huitzilopochtli</a></li>
+<li><a href="#ii" class="link">War Song of the Huitznahuac</a></li>
+<li><a href="#iii" class="link">Hymn of Tlaloc</a></li>
+<li><a href="#iv" class="link">Hymn to the All-Mother</a></li>
+<li><a href="#v" class="link">Hymn to the Virgin Mother</a></li>
+<li><a href="#vi" class="link">Hymn to the God of Fire</a></li>
+<li><a href="#vii" class="link">Hymn of Mixcoatl</a></li>
+<li><a href="#viii" class="link">Hymn to the God of Flowers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#ix" class="link">Hymn to the Goddess of Artists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#x" class="link">Hymn to the God of Fishing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xi" class="link">Hymn of the Otomi Leader</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xii" class="link">Hymn to the Goddess of Childbirth</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xiii" class="link">Hymn to the Mother of Mortals</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xiv" class="link">Hymn Sung at a Fast every Eight Years</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xv" class="link">Hymn to a Night God</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xvi" class="link">Hymn to the Goddess of Food</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xvii" class="link">Hymn to the Gods of Wine</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xviii" class="link">Hymn to the Master of Waters</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xix" class="link">Hymn to the God of Flowers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#xx" class="link">Hymn to the God of Merchants</a></li>
+</ol></li>
+<li><a href="#glossary" class="link">Glossary</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index" class="link">Index</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>List of Illustrations.</h1>
+
+<hr class="subh" />
+
+
+<table id="illlist">
+<tr><td><a href="#ill1" class="link">Xippe Totec, God of Silversmiths, in Full Costume</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Frontispiece</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#ill2" class="link">Priest of Xippe Totec, Drinking and Playing on a Drum</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Hymn XV</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#ill3" class="link">Chicomecoatl, Goddess of Food and Drink</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Hymn XVI</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#ill4" class="link">Totochtin, the Rabbits, Gods of the Drunkards</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Hymn XVII</td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#ill5" class="link">Atlaua, Singing and Dancing</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Hymn XVIII</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="introduction" id="introduction">Introduction.</a></h1>
+
+<hr class="subh" />
+
+
+<p>
+As in a previous number of the Library of Aboriginal American Literature
+I have discussed in detail the character of the <a name="i-m-8-1" id="i-m-8-1">ancient Mexican poetry</a>,
+I shall confine myself at present to the history of the present
+collection. We owe its preservation to the untiring industry of Father
+Bernardino de Sahagun, one of the earliest missionaries to Mexico, and
+the author of by far the most important work on the religion, manners
+and customs of the ancient Mexicans.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+By long residence and close application Sahagun acquired a complete
+mastery of <a name="i-n-2-1" id="i-n-2-1">the Nahuatl tongue</a>. He composed his celebrated <i class="title" lang="es">Historia de
+las Cosas de la Nueva Espa&#241;a</i> primarily in the native language, and from
+this original wrote out a Spanish translation, in some parts
+considerably abbreviated. This incomplete reproduction is that which was
+published in Spanish by <a name="i-k-1a-1" id="i-k-1a-1">Lord Kingsborough</a> and <a name="i-b-4-1" id="i-b-4-1">Bustamente</a>, and in
+<a name="i-j-2-1" id="i-j-2-1">a French rendering with useful notes by Dr. Jourdanet and M. R&#233;mi Simeon</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+So far as I know, the only complete copy of <a name="i-s-2a-1" id="i-s-2a-1">the Nahuatl original</a> now in
+existence is that preserved in the <a name="i-b-2-1" id="i-b-2-1">Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana</a> in
+Florence, where I examined it in April, 1889. It is a most elaborate and
+beautiful MS., in three large volumes, containing thirteen hundred and
+seventy-eight illustrations, carefully drawn by hand, mostly colored,
+illustrative of the native mythology, history, arts and usages, besides
+many elaborate head and tail pieces to the chapters.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+There is another <a name="i-n-2a-1" id="i-n-2a-1">Nahuatl MS</a>. of Sahagun&#8217;s history in the private
+library of the King of Spain at Madrid, which I examined in May, 1888,
+and of which I published a collation in the <i class="title" lang="fr">M&#233;moires de la Soci&#233;t&#232;
+Internationale des Am&#233;ricanistes</i>, for that year. It is incomplete,
+embracing only the first six books of the <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, and should be
+considered merely as a <i lang="es">borrador</i> or preliminary sketch for the
+Florentine copy. It contains, however, a certain amount of material not
+included in the latter, and has been peculiarly useful to me in the
+preparation of the present volume, as not only affording another reading
+of the text, valuable for comparison, but as furnishing a gloss or
+Nahuatl paraphrase of most of the hymns, which does not appear in the
+Florentine MS. As evidently the older of the two, I have adopted the
+readings of the Madrid MS. as my text, and given the variants of the
+Florentine MS. at the end of each hymn.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Neither MS. attempts any translation of the hymns. That at Madrid has no
+Spanish comment whatever, while that at Florence places opposite the
+hymns the following remarks, which are also found in the printed copies,
+near the close of the Appendix of the Second Book of the <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>:&#8212;
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="i-s-2b-1" id="i-s-2b-1">&#8220;It is an old trick of our enemy the Devil to try to conceal himself in
+order the better to compass his ends, in accordance with the words of
+the Gospel, &#8216;He whose deeds are evil, shuns the light.&#8217; Also on earth
+this enemy of ours has provided himself with a dense wood and a ground,
+rough and filled with abysses, there to prepare his wiles and to escape
+pursuit, as do wild beasts and venomous serpents. This wood and these
+abysses are the songs which he has inspired for his service to be sung
+in his honor within the temples and outside of them; for they are so
+artfully composed that they say what they will, but disclose only what
+the Devil commands, not being rightly understood except by those to whom
+they are addressed. It is, in fact, well recognized that the cave, wood
+or abysses in which this cursed enemy hides himself, are these songs or
+chants which he himself composed, and which are sung to him without
+being understood except by those who are acquainted with this sort of
+language. The consequence is that they sing what they please, war or
+peace, praise to the Devil or contempt for Christ, and they cannot in
+the least be understood by other men.&#8221;</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="i-k-1a-2" id="i-k-1a-2">Lord Kingsborough</a> says in a note in his voluminous work on the
+<i class="title">Antiquities of Mexico</i> that <a name="i-i-3-1" id="i-i-3-1">this portion of Sahagun&#8217;s text was destroyed by order of the Inquisition</a>,
+and that there was a memorandum
+to that effect in the Spanish original in the noble writer&#8217;s possession.
+This could scarcely have referred to a translation of the hymns, for
+none such exists in any MS. I have consulted, or heard of; and Sahagun
+intimates in the passage quoted above that he had made none, on account
+of the obscurity of the diction. Neither does any appear in the
+Florentine MS., where the text of the hymns is given in full, although
+the explanatory Gloss is omitted. This last-mentioned fact has prevented
+me from correcting the text of the Gloss, which in some passages is
+manifestly erroneous; but I have confined myself to reproducing it
+strictly according to the original MS., leaving its correction to those
+who will make use of it.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Florentine MS. has five <a name="i-i-2-1" id="i-i-2-1">colored illustrations</a> of the divinities, or
+their symbols, which are spoken of in the chants. These are probably
+copied from the <a name="i-h-4-1" id="i-h-4-1">native hieroglyphic books</a> in which, as we learn from
+Sahagun, such ancient songs were preserved and transmitted. These
+illustrations I had copied with scrupulous fidelity and reproduced by
+one of the photographic processes, for the present work.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Such is the history of this curious document, and with this brief
+introduction I submit it to those who will have the patience and skill
+to unravel its manifold difficulties.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div id="retitle">Rig Veda Americana.</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="i" id="i"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="i-h" id="i-h"><span class="hymnnum">I.</span> <span lang="nah">Vitzilopochtli icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="i-1" id="i-1">Vitzilopuchi, yaquetlaya, yyaconay, ynohuihuihuia: anenicuic,
+to&#231;iquemitla, yya, ayya, yya y ya uia, queyanoca, oya tonaqui, yyaya,
+yya, yya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="i-2" id="i-2">Tetzauiztli ya mixtecatl, ce ymocxi pichauaztecatla pomaya,
+ouayyeo, ayyayya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="i-3" id="i-3">Ay tlaxotla tenamitl yuitli macoc mupupuxotiuh, yautlatoa ya,
+ayyayyo, noteuh aya tepanquizqui mitoaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="i-4" id="i-4">Oya yeua uel mamauia, in tlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya,
+itlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="i-5" id="i-5">Amanteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia ycalipan yauhtiua,
+xinechoncentlalizqui.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="i-6" id="i-6">Pipiteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia: ycalipan, yautiua,
+xinechoncentlalizqui.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">6.</span> This verse is omitted in the Medicean MS.</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="i-g" id="i-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li>In ivitzilopochtli ayac nouiui, <i lang="la">id est</i>, ayac nechneneuilia, ayac
+iuhqui, in iuhqui. Anenicuic, <i lang="la">id est</i>, amo ca nen nonicuic, in
+quetzali, in chalchihuitl in ixquich ynotlatqui, to&#231;iquemitl. Queyanoca
+oya tonaqui, <i lang="la">id est</i>, onocatonat, onocatlatuit.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, tetzauiztli, <i lang="la">id est</i>, oquintetzauito, in mixteca inic
+oquiyaochiuhqui: oquimanilito in imicxi in pichauazteca, ioan in
+mixteca.</li>
+
+<li>Ay tlaxotla tenamitl, <i>q.n.</i>, quitepeua inin tena in aquique
+yauchiuallo. Iuitli macoc, <i>q.n.</i>, oncan quitema in ti&#231;atl in ihuitl.
+Mopopuxotiuh yauhtlatuaya, <i>q.n.</i>, inic mopopuxoticalaqui yauc, ioan,
+<i>q.n.</i>, yeuatl quitemaca y yauyutl quitemaceualtia, tepanquizqui,
+mitoayaqui yehuatl quichioa yauyutl.</li>
+
+<li>Oya yeua huel mamauia, <i>q.n.</i>, &#231;an oc momamauhtiaya in aya
+momochiua yauyutl. Teuhtla milacatzoaya <i>q.n.</i>, in noteuh in opeuh
+yauyutl, aocac momauhtica iniquac ynoteuhtli moquetza ynoteuhtica
+tlayoa(lli).</li>
+
+<li>Amanteca toyauan, <i>q.n.</i>, yn iyaoan yn aquique in cani
+omocentlalique ca in calipan in yautioa ca tlatlaz ynin cal.</li>
+
+<li>Pipiteca, toyaoan, xinechoncentlalizque, <i>q.n.</i>, in pipiteca y
+yaoan mochiuhque. Yn calla in mochiua yauyutl in i calipan.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="i-t" id="i-t">Translation.<br />
+
+The Hymn of Huitzilopochtli.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>Huitzilopochtli is first in rank, no one, no one is like unto him:
+not vainly do I sing (his praises) coming forth in the garb of our
+ancestors; I shine; I glitter.</li>
+
+<li>He is a terror to the <a name="i-m-14-1" id="i-m-14-1">Mixteca</a>; he alone destroyed the
+<a name="i-p-3-1" id="i-p-3-1">Picha-Huasteca</a>, he conquered them.</li>
+
+<li>The Dart-Hurler is an example to the city, as he sets to work. He
+who commands in battle is called the representative of my God.</li>
+
+<li>When he shouts aloud he inspires great terror, the divine hurler,
+the god turning himself in the combat, the divine hurler, the god
+turning himself in the combat.</li>
+
+<li>Amanteca, gather yourselves together with me in the house of war
+against your enemies, gather yourselves together with me.</li>
+
+<li><a name="i-p-5-1" id="i-p-5-1">Pipiteca</a>, gather yourselves together with me in the house of war
+against your enemies, gather yourselves together with me.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="i-n" id="i-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+Huitzilopochtli was the well-known <a name="i-w-1a-1" id="i-w-1a-1">war-god</a> of the Azteca, whose
+functions are described by Sahagun (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. I., cap. 1) and
+many other writers. The hymn here given is probably the <i lang="nah">tlaxotecuyotl</i>,
+which was chanted at the celebration of his feast in the fifteenth month
+of the Mexican calendar (see Sahagun, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. II., cap. 34).
+The word means &#8220;his glory be established.&#8221; It was commenced at sunset
+and repeated till sunrise.
+</p>
+
+<div class="pseudool">
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  1. &#8220;In the garb of our ancestors&#8221; (<i lang="nah">to-citli-quemitl</i>).
+<a name="i-q-3a-1" id="i-q-3a-1">The high priest appeared in the insignia of Quetzalcoatl</a>, which,
+<a name="i-s-2d-1" id="i-s-2d-1">says Sahagun, &#8220;were very gorgeous.&#8221;</a> (<i class="title" lang="es">Hist.</i>, Lib. II., Appendix.)
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  2. <a name="i-m-14-2" id="i-m-14-2">Mixteca, plural of Mixtecatl</a>, an inhabitant of <a name="i-m-15-1" id="i-m-15-1">Mixtecapan</a>, near the
+Pacific. <a name="i-h-5-1" id="i-h-5-1">The Huasteca</a>, a nation of <a name="i-m-4-1" id="i-m-4-1">Maya</a> lineage, lived on the Gulf
+coast.
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  3. <a name="i-h-9-1" id="i-h-9-1">The god was called the Hurler</a>, as he was believed to hurl the
+<a name="i-l-1-1" id="i-l-1-1">lightning serpent</a> (the <i lang="nah">xiuhcoatl</i>).
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  5. Sahagun recites the legends about the <a name="i-a-2-1" id="i-a-2-1">Amanteca</a> (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib.
+IX., cap. 18). Here the name refers to the inhabitants of the quarter
+called <a name="i-a-3-1" id="i-a-3-1">Amantlan</a>.
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  6. <i lang="nah">Pipiteca</i>, a <i lang="la">nomen gentile</i>, referring doubtless to a certain
+class of the hearers.
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<a name="i-s-2d-2" id="i-s-2d-2">This hymn may be compared to another, descriptive of the same divinity,
+preserved in Sahagun&#8217;s MS. in Madrid. It is as follows, with my
+translation by its side.</a>
+</p>
+
+<table class="parallel">
+<tr><td lang="nah">Vitzilopuchtli</td><td>Huitzilopochtli,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Can maceualli</td><td>Only a subject,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Can tlacatl catca.</td><td>Only a mortal was.</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Naualli</td><td>A magician,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Tetzauitl</td><td>A terror,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Atlacacemelle</td><td>A stirrer of strife,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Teixcuepani</td><td>A deceiver,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Quiyocoyani in yaoyotl</td><td>A maker of war,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Yautecani</td><td>An arranger of battles,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Yautlatoani;</td><td>A lord of battles;</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Ca itechpa mitoaya</td><td>And of him it was said</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Tepan quitlaza</td><td>That he hurled</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">In xiuhcoatl</td><td><a name="i-l-1-2" id="i-l-1-2">His flaming serpent</a>,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Immamalhuaztli</td><td><a name="i-f-4-1" id="i-f-4-1">His fire stick</a>;</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Quitoznequi yaoyotl</td><td>Which means war,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Teoatl tlachinolli.</td><td>Blood and burning;</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Auh iniquac ilhuiq&#8217;xtililoya</td><td>And when his festival was celebrated,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Malmicouaya</td><td><a name="i-s-1-1" id="i-s-1-1">Captives were slain</a>,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Tlaaltilmicoaya</td><td>Washed slaves were slain,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Tealtilaya impochteca.</td><td>The merchants washed them.</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Auh inic mochichiuaya:</td><td><a name="i-h-7c-1" id="i-h-7c-1">And thus he was arrayed:</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Xiuhtotonacoche catca</td><td>With head-dress of green feathers,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Xiuhcoanauale</td><td>Holding his serpent torch,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Xiuhtlalpile</td><td>Girded with a belt,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Matacaxe</td><td>Bracelets upon his arms,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Tzitzile</td><td><a name="i-t-24-1" id="i-t-24-1">Wearing turquoises</a>,</td></tr>
+<tr><td lang="nah">Oyuvale.</td><td>As a master of messengers.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+When in Florence, in 1889, I had an accurate copy made of the Nahuatl
+text and all the figures of the first book of Sahagun&#8217;s History. The
+colored figure of Huitzilopochtli is in accordance with the above
+description.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="ii" id="ii"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="ii-h" id="ii-h"><span class="hymnnum">II.</span> <span lang="nah">Uitznaoac yautl icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="ii-1" id="ii-1">Ahuia tlacochcalco notequioa ayayui nocaquia tlacatl, ya
+nechyapinauia, ayaca nomati, nitetzauiztli, auia, ayaca nomati niya,
+yautla, aquitoloc tlacochcalco notequioa, iuexcatlatoa ay nopilchan.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="ii-2" id="ii-2">Ihiya quetl tocuilechcatl quauiquemitl nepapan oc uitzetla.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="ii-3" id="ii-3">Huia oholopa telipuchtla, yuiyoc yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="ii-4" id="ii-4">Huia uitznauac telepochtla yuiyoc, yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia yuiyoc, ynomalli.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="ii-5" id="ii-5">Huia ytzicotla telipochtla, yuiyoc, yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="ii-6" id="ii-6">Uitznauac teuaqui, machiyotla tetemoya, ahuia oyatonac, yahuia
+oyatonac, machiyotla tetemoya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="ii-7" id="ii-7">Tocuilitla teuaqui, machiyotla tetemoya, ahuia oyatonac, yahuia
+oyatonac uia, machiyotla tetemoya.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">6.</span> <span lang="nah">Vitzanaoac teuhoaqui machiotla.</span> <i class="title">MS. Med.</i></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="ii-t" id="ii-t">The War Song of the Huitznahuac.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>What ho! my work is in the hall of arms, I listen to no mortal, nor
+can any put me to shame, I know none such, I am the Terror, I know none
+other, I am where war is, my work is said to be in the hall of arms, let
+no one curse my children.</li>
+
+<li>Our adornment comes from out the <a name="i-s-8-1" id="i-s-8-1">south</a>, it is varied in color as
+the clothing of the eagle.</li>
+
+<li>Ho! ho! abundance of youths doubly clothed, <a name="i-f-1a-1" id="i-f-1a-1">arrayed in feathers</a>,
+are my captives, <a name="i-s-1-2" id="i-s-1-2">I deliver them up, I deliver them up, my captives arrayed in feathers</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ho! youths for the Huitznahuac, arrayed in feathers, these are my
+captives, I deliver them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my
+captives.</li>
+
+<li>Youths from the south, arrayed in feathers, my captives, I deliver
+them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my captives.</li>
+
+<li>The god enters, the Huitznahuac, he descends as an example, he
+shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an example.</li>
+
+<li>Adorned like us he enters as a god, he descends as an example, he
+shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an example.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="ii-n" id="ii-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+There is no Gloss to this hymn, but its signification seems clear.
+<i lang="nah">Huitznahuac</i> was a name applied to several edifices in the great
+<a name="i-t-3-1" id="i-t-3-1">temple at Tenochtitlan</a>, as we are informed at length by Sahagun. The word is a
+locative from <i lang="nah">huitznahua</i>. This term means <a name="i-s-8-2" id="i-s-8-2">&#8220;magicians from the south&#8221;</a>
+or <a name="i-t-11-1" id="i-t-11-1">&#8220;diviners with thorns,&#8221;</a> and was applied in the Quetzalcoatl mythical
+cyclus to the legendary enemies of Huitzilopochtli, whom he is said to
+have destroyed as soon as he was born. (See my discussion of this myth
+in <i class="title">Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i> for 1887.)
+Apparently to perpetuate the memory of this exploit, the custom was, at
+the <a name="i-h-7d-1" id="i-h-7d-1">festival of Huitzilopochtli</a>, for the slaves who were to be
+sacrificed to form two bands, one representing the Huitznahua and the
+other the partisans of the god, and to slaughter each other until the
+arrival of the god <a name="i-p-2-1" id="i-p-2-1">Paynal</a> put an end to the combat (Sahagun,
+<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. II., cap. 34). The song here given belongs to this
+portion of the ancient rite.
+</p>
+
+<div class="pseudool">
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  1. The <i lang="nah">tlacochcalli</i>, <a name="i-a-7a-1" id="i-a-7a-1">&#8220;house of arrows&#8221;</a> (<i lang="nah">tlacochtli</i>, arrow,
+<i lang="nah">calli</i>, house), was a large hall in the <a name="i-h-7e-1" id="i-h-7e-1">temple of Huitzilopochtli</a> where
+arrows, spears and other arms were kept (Sahagun, Lib. VIII., cap. 32).
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  2. The &#8220;adornment from the south&#8221; refers to the meaning of the name
+<i lang="nah">Huitznahua</i>. (See Glossary.)
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  3. <a name="i-s-1-3" id="i-s-1-3">Sahagun (<i lang="la">ubi sup.</i>) informs us that the slaves condemned to die fought against free warriors, and when any of the latter were captured they were promptly put to death by their captors.</a>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="iii" id="iii"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="iii-h" id="iii-h"><span class="hymnnum">III.</span> <span lang="nah">Tlalloc icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="iii-1" id="iii-1">Ahuia Mexico teutlaneuiloc amapanitla anauhcampa, ye moquetzquetl,
+aoyequene y chocaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-2" id="iii-2">Ahuia anneuaya niyocoloc, annoteua eztlamiyaual, aylhui&#231;olla nic
+yauicaya teutiualcoya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-3" id="iii-3">Ahuia annotequiua naualpilli aquitlanella motonacayouh tic yachiuh
+quitla catlachtoquetl, &#231;an mitziyapinauia.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-4" id="iii-4">Ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia anechyaca uelmatia, anotata yn
+oquacuillo ocelocoatl aya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-5" id="iii-5">Ahuia tlallocana, xiuacalco aya quizqui aquamotla, acatonalaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-6" id="iii-6">Ahuia xiyanouia, nahuia xiyamotecaya ay poyauhtla, ayauh
+chicauaztica, ayauicalo tlallocanaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-7" id="iii-7">Aua nacha tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-8" id="iii-8">Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, temoquetl aitlatol, aniquiya
+ilhuiquetl, tetzauhpilla niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-9" id="iii-9">Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya itopanecauiloc ayoc ynomatia, ay motlapoalli,
+aya ximocaya ye quetzalcalla nepanauia ay yaxcana teizcaltequetl.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iii-10" id="iii-10">Ahuia xiyanouia, ahuia xiyamotequaya ay poyauhtla, ayauh
+chicauaztlica ayauicallo tlalloca.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Amopanitl.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="iii-g" id="iii-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li>Auia Mexico teutlanauiloc, <i>q.n.</i>, yn Mexico onetlanauiloc in
+tlaloc. Amapanitl annauhcampa ye moquetzquetl, <i>q.n.</i>, amapanitl
+nauhcampa omoquequetz. Aoyeque naichocaya, <i lang="la">id est</i>, itlaocuyaya.</li>
+
+<li>Auia anneuaya niyocoloc, <i>q.n.</i>, ynehuatl ni tlalloc oniyocoloc.
+Annoteua eztlamiyaual, <i>q.n.</i>, noteu eztlamiyaualtitiuh. Aylhui&#231;olla,
+<i>q.n.</i>, yn umpa ilhui&#231;ololo. Inic yauicaya teuitualcoya, <i>q.n.</i> in
+teuitualoc.</li>
+
+<li>Auia annotequiua <a name="i-n-3-1" id="i-n-3-1">naualpilli</a>, <i>q.n.</i> in tinoteuh naualpilli, <i lang="la">i.e.</i>,
+tlalloc. Aquitlanella motonacayouh, <i>q.n.</i>, ca nelli teuatl
+ticmochiuilia in motonacayouh. Catlachtoquetl, <i>q.n.</i>, teuatl
+ticmochiuilia auh in aquin timitzpinauia.</li>
+
+<li>Ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia, <i>q.n.</i>, catel nechpinauia ca
+monechuelmati. Annotata ynoquacuillo ocelocoatl aya, <i>q.n.</i>, yn notaua
+ioan yna quacuiloa yn oceloquacuili.</li>
+
+<li>Ahuia tlallocana xiuacalco, <i>q.n.</i>, in tlalocan xiuhcalco, <i lang="la">id
+est</i>, acxoyacalco. Ayaquizqui, <i>q.n.</i>, umpa ualquizque. Aquamotla
+acatonalaya, <i>q.n.</i>, y notauan yn oquacuiloan acatonal.</li>
+
+<li>Ahuia xicanouia nauia xiyamotecaya, <i>q.n.</i>, xiuian ximotecati. Ay
+poyauhtlan, <i>q.n.</i>, in umpa poyauhtlan tepeticpac. Ayauh chicauaztica
+ayauicalo tlalocana, <i>q.n.</i>, ayauh chicauaztica in auicalo tlalocan.</li>
+
+<li><a name="g-iii-7" id="g-iii-7">Aua nach tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui, <i>q.n.</i>, y nach tozcuecuex y ye
+niauh niman ye choca.</a></li>
+
+<li>Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, <i>q.n.</i>, quenamican y ya niauh a&#231;o
+anechtemozque. Aniquiya ilhuiquetl tetzapilla niyayalizqui ayaichocaya,
+<i>q.n.</i>, onquilhui yn tetzapilli ye niyauh niman ye choca.</li>
+
+<li>Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya nitopanecauiloc, <i>q.n.</i>, nauhxiuhtica in
+topanecauiloz, <i lang="la">id est</i>, in tepan mochiuaz. Ayoc inomatia ay
+motlapoalli, <i>q.n.</i>, aocmo nomatia iniquin motlapoalpan. Ca oximoac ye
+quetzalcalla nepanauia, <i>q.n.</i>, ye qualcan ye netlamachtiloyan ynemca.
+Ay yaxcana teizcaltiquetl, <i>q.n.</i>, iniaxca inic oteizcalli.</li>
+
+<li>Ahuia xiyanouia, <i>q.n.</i>, xiuia. Auia xiya motecaya ay poyauhtla,
+<i>q.n.</i>, ximotecati in umpa poyauhtla. Ayauh chicauaztica auicallo
+tlalocan, <i>q.n.</i>, ayauh chicauaztica in auicallo in umpa tlallocan.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="iii-t" id="iii-t">The Hymn of Tlaloc.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>In Mexico the god appears; thy banner is unfolded in all
+directions, and no one weeps.</li>
+
+<li>I, the god, have returned again, I have turned again to the place
+of abundance of <a name="i-s-1-4" id="i-s-1-4">blood-sacrifices</a>; there when the day grows old, I am
+beheld as a god.</li>
+
+<li>Thy work is that of a noble magician; truly thou hast made thyself
+to be of our flesh; thou hast made thyself, and who dare affront thee?</li>
+
+<li>Truly he who affronts me does not find himself well with me; my
+fathers took by the head the tigers and the serpents.</li>
+
+<li>In <a name="i-t-13-1" id="i-t-13-1">Tlalocan</a>, in the verdant house, they play at ball, they cast the
+reeds.</li>
+
+<li>Go forth, go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly, where
+the thick mist makes the cloudy <a name="i-t-12b-1" id="i-t-12b-1">house of Tlaloc</a>.</li>
+
+<li>There with strong voice I rise up and cry aloud.</li>
+
+<li>Go ye forth to seek me, seek for the words which I have said, as I
+rise, a terrible one, and cry aloud.</li>
+
+<li><a name="i-f-10-1" id="i-f-10-1">After four years they shall go forth</a>, not to be known, not to be
+numbered, they shall descend to the beautiful house, to unite together
+and know the doctrine.</li>
+
+<li>Go forth, go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly,
+where the thick mist makes the cloudy house of Tlaloc.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="iii-n" id="iii-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+The god Tlaloc shared with Huitzilopochtli the highest place in the
+Mexican Pantheon. He was the deity who presided over the waters, the
+rains, the thunder and the lightning. The annual festival in his honor
+took place about the time of corn-planting, and was intended to secure
+his favor for this all-important crop. Its details are described at
+great length by <a name="i-d-6-1" id="i-d-6-1">Diego Duran</a>, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia de Nueva Espa&#241;a</i>, cap. 86, and
+Sahagun, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. II., cap. 25, and elsewhere. His name is
+derived from <i lang="nah">tlalli</i>, earth. <a name="tlalocan-25" id="tlalocan-25"><i lang="nah">Tlalocan</i></a>, referred to in v. 5, &#8220;the
+place of Tlaloc,&#8221; was the name of a mountain east of Tenochtitlan, where
+the festival of the god was celebrated; but it had also a mythical
+meaning, equivalent to &#8220;the earthly Paradise,&#8221; the abode of happy souls.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It will be observed that v. 10 is a repetition of v. 6. The word
+<i lang="nah">ayauicalo</i> refers to the <i lang="nah">ayauhcalli</i>, <a name="i-m-11-1" id="i-m-11-1">&#8220;house of mist,&#8221;</a> the home of the
+rain god, which <a name="i-s-2d-4" id="i-s-2d-4">Sahagun informs us</a> was represented at the annual
+festival by <a name="i-c-1-1" id="i-c-1-1">four small buildings near the water&#8217;s edge, carefully
+disposed to face the four cardinal points of the compass</a> (Sahagun, <i lang="la">ubi
+supra</i>).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In v. 8 the expression <i lang="nah">tetzauhpilli</i> (<i lang="nah">tetzauhqui</i>, to frighten) may
+be explained by the <a name="i-t-12d-1" id="i-t-12d-1">figure of Tlaloc</a>, whose statue, says Duran, was that
+of <i lang="es">un espantable monstruo, la cara muy fea</i> (<i lang="la">ibid.</i>).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="i-f-10-2" id="i-f-10-2">The compound in v. 10, <i lang="nah">nauhxiuhtica</i>, &#8220;after four years,&#8221; appears to refer to the souls of the departed brave ones, who, according to Aztec mythology, passed to the heaven for four years</a>
+and after that returned
+to the terrestrial <a name="i-a-12a-1" id="i-a-12a-1">Paradise</a>,&#8212;the palace of Tlaloc. (See my paper, <i class="title">The
+Journey of the Soul</i>, in <i class="title">Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian
+Society of Philadelphia, 1883</i>.)
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="iv" id="iv"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="iv-h" id="iv-h"><span class="hymnnum">IV.</span> <span lang="nah">Teteuynan ycuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="iv-1" id="iv-1">Ahuiya co&#231;auic xochitla oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue
+moqui&#231;ican tamoanchan, auayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, aye ayo, ayy
+ayyaa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iv-2" id="iv-2">Co&#231;auic xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana, teumechaue, moqui&#231;ica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, ayo aye, ayya, ayyaa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iv-3" id="iv-3">Ahuia iztac xochitla, oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue moqui&#231;ica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao yya, yyeo, ayeaye, ayya ayyaa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iv-4" id="iv-4">Ahuiya iztac xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana teumechaue moqui&#231;ica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, aye aye, ayya ayyaa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iv-5" id="iv-5">Ahuia ohoya teutl ca teucontli paca tona aya, itzpapalotli, auayye,
+yyao, yya, yyeo, ayyaa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iv-6" id="iv-6">Ao, auatic ya itaca chicunauixtlauatla ma&#231;atl yyollo, ica
+mozcaltizqui tonan tlaltecutli, ayao, ayyao, ayyaa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iv-7" id="iv-7">Aho, ye yancuic ti&#231;atla ye yancuic yuitla oya potoniloc yn
+auicacopa acatl xamontoca.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="iv-8" id="iv-8">Aho ma&#231;atl mochiuhca teutlalipan mitziya noittaco, yeua xiuhnello,
+yeua mimichan.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">7.</span> <span lang="nah">Xamantoca.</span> <span class="varnum">8.</span> <span lang="nah">Yehoa.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="iv-g" id="iv-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in tonan ocueponya umpa oalquiz yn tamoanchan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in amona ca izcui yn xochiuh ca umpa oquiz yn tmoanchan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i> In tonan ocuepo in umpa oquiz tamoanchan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in amona iztac in oxochiuh yn umpa oniquiz tamoanchan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in tonan ca teucumitl icpac in quiz yn itzpapalotl.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in tonan ixtlauan in mozcaltito auh inic mozcalti macatl y
+yollo y yeua tonan tlaltecutli.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, auh inic potoniloc, tonan, yancuic ti&#231;atl ioan yancuic yn
+iuitl, auh nauhcampa quite ynacatl.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in macatl yeuan can iliaya yn ixtlauacan yuhqui inic quic
+noitayan y yeuatl inimich ioan in xiuhnel.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="iv-t" id="iv-t">Hymn to the Mother of the Gods.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>Hail to our mother, who caused the yellow flowers to blossom,
+<a name="i-m-2-1" id="i-m-2-1">who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Hail to our mother, who poured forth flowers in abundance, who
+scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.</li>
+
+<li>Hail to our mother, who caused the yellow flowers to blossom, she
+who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.</li>
+
+<li>Hail to our mother, who poured forth white flowers in abundance,
+who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.</li>
+
+<li>Hail to the goddess who shines in the thorn bush like a bright
+butterfly.</li>
+
+<li>Ho! she is our mother, <a name="i-e-2a-1" id="i-e-2a-1">goddess of the earth</a>, she supplies food in
+the desert to the wild beasts, and causes them to live.</li>
+
+<li>Thus, thus, you see her to be an ever-fresh model of liberality
+toward all flesh.</li>
+
+<li>And as you see the goddess of the earth do to the wild beasts, so
+also does she toward the green herbs and the fishes.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="iv-n" id="iv-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+The goddess to whom this hymn is devoted was called <i lang="nah">Teteoinan</i>, the
+<a name="i-m-16-2" id="i-m-16-2">Mother of the Gods</a>, <a name="i-t-15-1" id="i-t-15-1"><i lang="nah">To&#231;i</i></a>, our Mother (maternal ancestor), and also by
+another name which signified <a name="i-e-2b-1" id="i-e-2b-1">&#8220;the Heart of the Earth,&#8221;</a> the latter being
+bestowed upon her, says <a name="i-d-6-2" id="i-d-6-2">Duran</a>, because she was believed to be the cause
+of earthquakes. Her general functions were those of a <a name="i-f-2-1" id="i-f-2-1">genius of fertility</a>,
+extending both to the vegetable and the animal world.
+<a name="i-c-8-1" id="i-c-8-1">Thus, she was the patroness of the native midwives and of women in childbirth (Sahagun).</a>
+Her chief <a name="i-t-5-1" id="i-t-5-1">temple at Tepeyacac</a> was one of the most renowned in
+ancient Mexico, and it was a felicitous idea of the early missionaries
+to have <a name="i-g-3-1" id="i-g-3-1">&#8220;Our Lady of Guadalupe&#8221;</a> make her appearance on the immediate
+site of this ancient fane already celebrated as the place of worship of
+the older female deity. The <a name="i-c-17-1" id="i-c-17-1"><i class="title">Codex Ramirez</i></a> makes her a daughter of the
+<a name="i-c-20a-1" id="i-c-20a-1">first King of Culhuacan</a>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="pseudool">
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  1. <a name="tamoanchan-29" id="tamoanchan-29"><i lang="nah">Tamoanchan</i></a>. This word Sahagun translates &#8220;we seek our homes,&#8221;
+while the <a name="i-c-18-1" id="i-c-18-1"><i class="title">Codex Telleriano-Remensis</i></a> gives the more intelligible
+rendering &#8220;there is their home whither they descend,&#8221; and adds that it
+is synonymous with <a name="i-x-5-1" id="i-x-5-1"><i lang="nah">Xochitlycacan</i></a>, &#8220;the place where the flowers are
+lifted.&#8221; It was the mystical <a name="i-p-1-3" id="i-p-1-3">Paradise of the Aztecs</a>, the <a name="i-g-1b-1" id="i-g-1b-1">Home of the Gods</a>,
+and the happy realm of departed souls. The Codex just quoted adds
+that the gods were born there, which explains the introduction of the
+word into this hymn.
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  5. For <i lang="nah">teucontli</i> (see Glossary) I should suggest <i lang="nah">teocomitl</i>, a
+species of ornament, <a name="i-s-2d-6" id="i-s-2d-6">(cf. Sahagun, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. II., cap. 37.)</a>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="v" id="v"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="v-h" id="v-h"><span class="hymnnum">V.</span> <span lang="nah">Chimalpanecatl icuic ioan tlaltecaua (nanotl).</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="v-1" id="v-1">Ichimalipan chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoaya, ichimalipan
+chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="v-2" id="v-2">Coatepec tequiua, tepetitla moxayaual teueuel aya quinelli
+moquichtiuiui tlalli cuecuechiuia aqui moxayaual teueuella.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">Title.</span> <span lang="nah">Tlaltecaoannanotl.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Cohoatepechquiua.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="v-g" id="v-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yautlatolli ipa omixiuh ynanotl chimalipan in omixiuh, <i lang="la">id
+est</i>, ipa oquitlacatilli ynanotl in uitzilopochtli y yauyutl.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, coatepec otepeuh tepetitla yc moxaual ioan y teueuel, <i lang="la">id
+est</i>, ichimal ic otepeuh aocac omoquichquetz iniquac peualoque coatepec
+a iniquac otlalli cuecuechiuh, <i lang="la">id est</i>, iquac opopoliuhque.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="v-t" id="v-t">Hymn to Chimalipan in Parturition.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of
+battles; Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of
+battles.</li>
+
+<li>On the <a name="i-c-16-1" id="i-c-16-1">Coatepec</a> was her labor; on the mountain he ripened into age;
+as he became a man truly the earth was shaken, even as he became a man.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="v-n" id="v-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+The goddess Chimalipan is not mentioned by the authorities at my
+command; but from the tenor of the hymn it is evident that the name is
+a synonym for <a name="i-h-7f-1" id="i-h-7f-1">the virgin mother of Huitzilopochtli</a>, who is distinctly
+referred to by his title <i lang="nah">Yautlatoani</i> (see <i lang="la">ante</i>, p. 18). In the myth,
+she dwelt upon the Coatepetl, <a name="i-s-3b-1" id="i-s-3b-1">the Serpent Mountain</a>, on the
+<a name="i-t-23-1" id="i-t-23-1">site of Tulan</a>. For a full discussion of this myth I refer to my inquiry, &#8220;<i class="title">Were
+the <a name="i-t-16-1" id="i-t-16-1">Toltecs</a> an Historic Nationality?</i>&#8221; in <i class="title">Proceedings of the Amer.
+Phil. Soc.</i> for Sept. 1887, and <i class="title">American Hero-Myths</i>, chap. 11.
+(Phila., 1881).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Gloss distinctly states that the mother of Huitzilopochtli is
+referred to in the hymn. We must regard Chimalipan therefore as
+identical with <a name="i-c-9-1" id="i-c-9-1"><i lang="nah">Chimalman</i></a>, who, according to another myth dwelt in Tula
+as a virgin, and was divinely impregnated by
+<a name="i-f-1b-1" id="i-f-1b-1">the descending spirit of the All-father in the shape of a bunch of feathers</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In other myths she is mentioned as also the mother of
+<a name="i-h-8b-1" id="i-h-8b-1">the Huitznahua, the enemies and the brothers of Huitzilopochtli</a>, referred to in the
+second of this collection of chants.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="vi" id="vi"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="vi-h" id="vi-h"><span class="hymnnum">VI.</span> <span lang="nah">Ixco&#231;auhqui icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="vi-1" id="vi-1">Huiya tzonimolco notauane ye namech maya pinauhtiz, tetemoca ye
+namech maya pinauhtiz.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vi-2" id="vi-2">Xonca mecatla notecua ic&#231;otl mimilcatoc chicueyocan naualcalli
+nauali temoquetlaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vi-3" id="vi-3">Huiya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya
+iztleica naual moquizcauia, iztlauan naual moquizca.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vi-4" id="vi-4">Huia tzonimolco maceualli maya temacouia, oya tonaqui, oya tonaqui
+maceualli, maya temacouiya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vi-5" id="vi-5">Huiya tzonimolco xoxolcuicatl cacauantoc ya ayouica mocuiltonoaci
+tontecuitl moteicnelil mauiztli.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vi-6" id="vi-6">Huiya ciuatontla xatenonotza, ayyauhcalcatl quiyauatla,
+xatenonotza.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Xoncan mecatlan notechoan.</span> <span class="varnum">3.</span> <span lang="nah">Iztleica</span> (for <span lang="nah">iztlauan</span>). <span class="varnum">6.</span> <span lang="nah">Ia
+ayiauhcalcatl.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="vi-g" id="vi-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn itzonmolcatl notauane ye nemechpinauhtiz nachcan nochan
+tetemoan, ye nemechpinauhtiz.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn mecatla amo tecuhuan in oncan ic&#231;otl mimilcatoc
+ueyaquixtoc ic&#231;otl uncan in temoc in chicueyocan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tzonmolco otipeuhque macuico yn tzonmolco macuico
+otipeuhque tleica in amo anualqui&#231;a tleica yn ayaualqui&#231;a.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tzonmolco otonac auh in omaceualhoan xinechinacaqui
+notechpouizque yn enetoltiloyan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn cuicatl tzomolco ca ye cauani in aic necuiltonollo
+netotilo in tetecuti yeua moteicnelil ca mauiztic.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn ciuatontli xitenonotza in quiauat ayauhcalcatl, <i lang="la">id
+est</i>, in ticiuatontli xitenonotza.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="vi-t" id="vi-t">Hymn to Ixco&#231;auhqui.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>In the Hall of Flames let me not put to shame my ancestors;
+descending there, let me not put you to shame.</li>
+
+<li>I fasten a rope to the sacred tree, I twist it in eight folds, that
+by it I, a magician, may descend to the magical house.</li>
+
+<li>Begin your song in the Hall of Flames; begin your song in the Hall
+of Flames; why does the magician not come forth? Why does he not rise
+up?</li>
+
+<li>Let his subjects assist in the Hall of Flames; he appears, he
+appears, let his subjects assist.</li>
+
+<li>Let the servants never cease the song in the Hall of Flames; let
+them rejoice greatly, let them dance wonderfully.</li>
+
+<li>Call ye for the woman with abundant hair, whose care is the mist
+and the rain, call ye for her.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="vi-n" id="vi-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+<i lang="nah">Ixco&#231;auhqui</i>, <a name="i-c-21-1" id="i-c-21-1">&#8220;the Yellow Faced,&#8221;</a> was the <a name="i-f-3-1" id="i-f-3-1">Mexican God of Fire</a>.
+<a name="i-t-17-1" id="i-t-17-1">Torquemada</a> gives as his synonyms <a name="i-x-3-1" id="i-x-3-1"><i lang="nah">Xiuhtecutli</i></a>, &#8220;Lord of Fire,&#8221; and
+<a name="i-h-6-1" id="i-h-6-1"><i lang="nah">Huehueteotl</i></a>, <a name="i-a-5-1" id="i-a-5-1">&#8220;the Ancient God&#8221;</a> (<i class="title" lang="es">Monarquia Indiana</i>, Lib. VI., cap.
+28). Elsewhere he identifies him with the <a name="i-s-9-1" id="i-s-9-1">Sun-god</a> (<i lang="la">Ibid.</i>, Lib. XIV.,
+cap. 4). <a name="i-s-2d-7" id="i-s-2d-7">Sahagun describes his annual festival (<i class="title" lang="es">Hist.</i>, Lib. II., cap.
+38)</a>, and gives another of his names, <a name="i-c-23-1" id="i-c-23-1"><i lang="nah">Cue&#231;altzin</i></a>, a reverential form of
+<i lang="nah">cuezalotl</i>, flame (<i class="title" lang="es">Hist.</i>, Lib. I., cap. 13).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <a name="i-f-7-1" id="i-f-7-1"><i lang="nah">tzonmolco</i></a> so often referred to in this hymn was the sixty-fourth
+edifice in the great <a name="i-t-3-2" id="i-t-3-2">temple of Tenochtitlan</a>, and was devoted to the
+worship of Ixco&#231;auhqui (Sahagun). The word literally means
+<a name="i-h-1-1" id="i-h-1-1">&#8220;the place of spreading hairs,&#8221; the rays or ornaments spreading from the head of the statue of the god representing flames</a>
+(Sahagun).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The reference in v. 6 seems to be to one of the <a name="i-s-1-5" id="i-s-1-5">women who were sacrificed at the festival</a>,
+as related by Sahagun (Lib. II., App.).
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="vii" id="vii"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="vii-h" id="vii-h"><span class="hymnnum">VII.</span> <span lang="nah">Mimixcoa icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="vii-1" id="vii-1">Chicomoztoc quinexaqui, &#231;ani aueponi, &#231;ani, &#231;ani, teyomi.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vii-2" id="vii-2">Tziuactitlan quinexaqui, &#231;ani a aueponi, &#231;ani, &#231;ani, teyomi.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vii-3" id="vii-3">Oya nitemoc, oya nitemoc, aya ica nitemoc notziuaquimiuh, aya ica
+nitemoc notziuaquimiuh.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vii-4" id="vii-4">Oya nitemoc, oya nitemoc, ayayca nitemoc nomatlauacal.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vii-5" id="vii-5">Ni quimacui, ni quimacui, yuaya niquimacui, niquimacui, yuanya ayo
+macuiui.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="vii-6" id="vii-6">Tlachtli icpacaya, uel incuicaya, quetzalcuxcuxaya, quinanquilia
+&#231;inteutla, aay.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Quinehoaqui.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Quineuaqui</span>. <span class="varnum">6.</span> <span lang="nah">Ipac.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="vii-g" id="vii-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, chicomoztoc oniualleuac &#231;ani aueponi, ichichimecatlatol,
+&#231;ani aueponi, &#231;ani, &#231;ani teyomi.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, tziuactli in itlan oniualleuac &#231;ani aueponi, &#231;ani, &#231;ani
+teyomi.</li>
+
+<li>Oya nitemoc, <i>q.n.</i>, onitemoc onitlacatl ipan ynotziuacmiuh;
+onitemoc ipan ynotziuacmiuh &#231;a niman ipan nitlacat ynotlauitol ynomiuh.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, onitemoc onitlacat inipan nomatlauacal &#231;a niman ipan
+nitlacat.</li>
+
+<li>Y yacatlatol. Yc a a inya in chichimeca in chichimecatlatol.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tlata&#231;ica tictecazque totlach uncan ticuicazque
+noyehuatl in quetzalcocox.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="vii-t" id="vii-t">Hymn of Mixcoatl.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>I come forth from Chicomoztoc, only to you, my friends, to you,
+honored ones.</li>
+
+<li>I come forth from Tziuactitlan, only to you my friends, only to you
+honored ones.</li>
+
+<li>I sought, I sought, in all directions I sought with my pack; in all
+directions I sought with my pack.</li>
+
+<li>I sought, I sought, in all directions I sought with my traveling
+net.</li>
+
+<li>I took them in hand, I took them in hand; yes, I took them in hand;
+yes, I took them in hand.</li>
+
+<li>In the ball ground I sang well and strong, like to the quetzal
+bird; I answered back to the god.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="vii-n" id="vii-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+&#8220;The <a name="i-c-4-1" id="i-c-4-1">Chichimecs</a>,&#8221; says Sahagun (<i class="title" lang="es">Hist.</i>, Lib. VI., cap. 7), &#8220;worshipped
+only one god, called <i lang="nah">Mixcoatl</i>.&#8221; The <a name="i-c-22-1" id="i-c-22-1"><i class="title" lang="es">Anales de Cuauhtitlan</i></a> speaks of
+Mixcoatl as one of the leaders of the ancient Nahuas from their
+primitive home <a name="i-c-7-1" id="i-c-7-1">Chicomoztoc, the land of the Seven Caves</a>. This is what is
+referred to in the above hymn. In later times Mixcoatl became
+<a name="i-m-12b-1" id="i-m-12b-1">god of hunting and of the tornado</a>, and his worship extended to the <a name="i-o-4-1" id="i-o-4-1">Otomis</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="i-t-27-1" id="i-t-27-1"><i lang="nah">Tzihuactitlan</i></a>, &#8220;the land of the tzihuac bushes,&#8221; I have not found
+mentioned by any of the Spanish authorities, but it is named in
+connection with Chicomoztoc in an ancient war-song given in my
+<a name="i-a-6-1" id="i-a-6-1"><i class="title">Ancient Nahuatl Poetry</i></a>, pp. 88 and 140.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The hymn appears to be in memory of the leadership of Mixcoatl in
+conducting the ancestors of the <a name="i-n-1-1" id="i-n-1-1">Nahua</a> on their long wanderings after
+leaving their pristine seats. It should be read in connection with the
+earlier pages of the <a name="i-c-22-2" id="i-c-22-2"><i class="title">Annals of Cuauhtitlan</i></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The reduplicated form of the name, <i lang="nah">Mimixcoatl</i>, is not found elsewhere,
+and appears to be a poetic license.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="viii" id="viii"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="viii-h" id="viii-h"><span class="hymnnum">VIII.</span> <span lang="nah">Xochipilli icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="viii-1" id="viii-1">Ye cuicaya tocniuaya ouaya yeo, ye cuicaya ye quetzalcoxcuxa
+yoaltica tlao &#231;inteutla, oay.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="viii-2" id="viii-2">&#199;an quicaquiz nocuic ocoyoalle teumechaue, oquicaquiz nocuica in
+cipactonalla atilili, ouayya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="viii-3" id="viii-3">Ayao, ayao, ayao, ayao, nitlanauati ay tlalocan tlamacazque, ayao,
+ayao, ayao.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="viii-4" id="viii-4">Ayao, ayao, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque nitlanauati, aya, ayao,
+ayyao.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="viii-5" id="viii-5">Ao &#231;ani ualla&#231;ic, otli nepaniuia, cani &#231;inteutla campa ye noyaz,
+campa otli nicyatoca &#231;a oay.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="viii-6" id="viii-6">Ayao, aya, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque, quiauiteteu, ayyao, aya,
+ayao.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="viii-g" id="viii-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ca otonac, ca otlatuic ca ye cuico ca ye cuica centeotl in
+quetzalcocox.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, macaco in tocuic ynican maquicaquican yn nican tlaca.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ca onitlanauati ni tlaloca catli ye nictocaz utli.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn antlaloque yn antlamacazque catli nictocaz yn anteteuh.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="viii-t" id="viii-t">Hymn to Xochipilli.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>O friends, <a name="i-q-2-1" id="i-q-2-1">the quetzal bird</a> sings, it sings its song at midnight to
+<a name="i-c-13-1" id="i-c-13-1">Cinteotl</a>.</li>
+
+<li>The god will surely hear my song by night, he will hear my song as
+the day begins to break.</li>
+
+<li>I send forth the priests to the <a name="i-r-2-1" id="i-r-2-1">house of Tlaloc</a>.</li>
+
+<li>The priests to the house of Tlaloc do I send forth.</li>
+
+<li>I shall go forth, I shall join myself unto them, I shall go where
+is Cinteotl, I shall follow the path to him.</li>
+
+<li>The priests go forth to the house of Tlaloc, to the <a name="i-g-1b-2" id="i-g-1b-2">home of the gods of the plain</a>.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="viii-n" id="viii-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+<a name="i-x-4b-1" id="i-x-4b-1"><i lang="nah">Xochipilli</i></a>, <a name="i-f-8a-1" id="i-f-8a-1">&#8220;lord of flowers,&#8221;</a> otherwise named <a name="i-m-1a-1" id="i-m-1a-1"><i lang="nah">Macuilxochitl</i></a>, <a name="i-f-6-1" id="i-f-6-1">&#8220;five flowers&#8221;</a>
+(the name of a small odorous plant), was the deity who gave and protected all flowering plants.
+As one of the gods of fertility and production, he was associated with Tlaloc, <a name="i-r-1-1" id="i-r-1-1">god of rains</a>, and Cinteotl,
+<a name="i-m-3a-1" id="i-m-3a-1">god of maize</a>. His festival is described in Sahagun (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. I.,
+cap. 14).
+</p>
+
+<div class="pseudool">
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  2. <a name="i-c-14-1" id="i-c-14-1"><i lang="nah">Cipactonalla</i>, from <i lang="nah">cipactli</i>, and <i lang="nah">tonalli</i>, may refer to <i lang="nah">Cipactonal</i>, the reputed discoverer of the Aztec calendar. See <em>Sahagun</em>, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. IV., cap. I.</a>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="ix" id="ix"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="ix-h" id="ix-h"><span class="hymnnum">IX.</span> <span lang="nah">Xochiquetzal icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="ix-1" id="ix-1">Atlayauican ni xochiquetzalli tlacya niuitza ya motencaliuan
+tamoanchan oay.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="ix-2" id="ix-2">Ye quitichocaya tlamacazecatla piltzintecutlo quiyatemoaya ye
+xochinquetzalla xoyauia ay topa niaz, oay.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Icotochiquetzalla.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="ix-g" id="ix-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ompa niuitz ynixochiquetzal tamoanchan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, choca piltzintecutli quitemoa in xochiquetzal xoyauia no
+umpa niaz.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="ix-t" id="ix-t">Hymn to Xochiquetzal.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>I, Xochiquetzal, go forth willingly to the dancing place by the
+water, going forth to the <a name="i-t-1b-1" id="i-t-1b-1">houses in Tamoanchan</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Ye noble youths, ye priests who wept, seeking Xochiquetzal, go
+forth there where I am going.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="ix-n" id="ix-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+<i lang="nah">Xochiquetzal</i>, <a name="i-f-8b-1" id="i-f-8b-1">&#8220;plumage of flowers,&#8221;</a> was the <a name="i-a-8-1" id="i-a-8-1">deity of the artists</a>, the
+painters, weavers, engravers on metal, silver and goldsmiths, and of all
+who dealt in fine colors. Her figure was that of a young woman with gay
+garments and jewelry (<a name="i-d-6-3" id="i-d-6-3">Duran</a>, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. 94). In the <a name="i-c-18-2" id="i-c-18-2"><i class="title">Codex Telleriano-Remensis</i></a>
+she is assigned as synonyms <a name="i-i-1-1" id="i-i-1-1"><i lang="nah">Ichpochtli</i></a>, the
+Virgin, and <a name="i-i-5-1" id="i-i-5-1"><i lang="nah">Itzpapalotl</i></a>, literally <a name="i-o-1-1" id="i-o-1-1">&#8220;the obsidian butterfly,&#8221;</a> but which
+was probably applied to a peculiar ornament of her idol.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+On <i lang="nah">Tamoanchan</i> see <a href="#iv-n" class="link">notes to Hymn IV</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The term <i lang="nah">atlayauican</i>, which I have translated &#8220;the dancing place by
+the water,&#8221; appears to refer to the <a name="i-d-1a-1" id="i-d-1a-1">&#8220;jar dance,&#8221; <i lang="es">baile de las jicaras</i></a>,
+which took place at the festival of the goddess, in the month of
+October. <a name="i-d-6-4" id="i-d-6-4">Duran</a> informs us this was executed at a spot by the shore of
+the lake. Ceremonial bathing was carried on at the same festival, and
+these baths were considered to cleanse from sin, as well as from
+physical pollution.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="x" id="x"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="x-h" id="x-h"><span class="hymnnum">X.</span> <span lang="nah">Amimitl icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="x-1" id="x-1">Cotiuana, cotiuana, cali totoch maca huiya yyalimanico,
+oquixanimanico, tlacochcalico, oua, yya yya, matonicaya, matonicalico,
+oua yya yo, &#231;ana, &#231;ana, ayoueca niuia, &#231;ana canoya, ueca niuia, yya,
+yya, yyeuaya, &#231;ana, &#231;ana, yeucua niuia.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="x-2" id="x-2">Ye necuiliyaya, niuaya, niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh niuahuaya,
+niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="x-3" id="x-3">Tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, ayoaya,
+yoaya, ye ca nauhtzini.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="x-4" id="x-4">Aueya itzipana nomauilia, aueya itzipana nomauilia, aueya itzipana
+nomauilia.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Manca. Matinicaya.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="x-g" id="x-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<p lang="nah">
+In amimitl icuic yuh mitoa in ueli chichimeca cuic amo uel caquizti in
+quein quitoa in tonauatlatol ypa.
+</p>
+
+
+<h2><a name="x-t" id="x-t">Hymn to Amimitl.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>Join together your hands in the house, take hands in the sequent
+course, let them spread forth, spread forth in the hall of arrows. Join
+hands, join hands in the house, for this, for this have I come, have I
+come.</li>
+
+<li><a name="i-f-10-3" id="i-f-10-3">Yes, I have come, bringing four with me, yes I have come, four
+being with me.</a></li>
+
+<li>Four noble ones, carefully selected, four noble ones, carefully
+selected, yes, four noble ones.</li>
+
+<li>They personally appear before his face, they personally appear
+before his face, they personally appear before his face.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="x-n" id="x-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+The brief Gloss to this Hymn states that it is of ancient <a name="i-c-4-2" id="i-c-4-2">Chichimec</a>
+origin and that it cannot well be rendered in Nahuatl. Its language is
+exceedingly obscure, but it is evidently a dancing song.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="i-a-4b-1" id="i-a-4b-1"><i lang="nah">Amimitl</i></a>, &#8220;the water-arrow,&#8221; or <a name="i-f-5-1" id="i-f-5-1">&#8220;fish-spear,&#8221;</a> was, according to
+<a name="i-t-17-2" id="i-t-17-2">Torquemada</a>, especially worshipped at Cuitlahuac. He was god of fishing,
+and visited the subjects of his displeasure with diseases of a dropsical
+or watery character (<i class="title" lang="es">Monarquia Indiana</i>, Lib. VI., cap. 29). On slender
+and questionable grounds <a name="i-c-15-1" id="i-c-15-1">Clavigero</a> identifies him with
+<a name="i-o-3-1" id="i-o-3-1">Opochtli, the god of net makers and fishers with nets</a> (<i class="title" lang="it">Storia Antica del Messico</i>, Tom.
+II., p. 20).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="i-f-10-4" id="i-f-10-4">The four noble ones</a> referred to in vv. 3 and 4 probably refer to those
+characters in the Mexican sacred dances called <a name="i-a-10-1" id="i-a-10-1">&#8220;the four auroras,&#8221;</a> four
+actors clothed respectively in <a name="i-c-21-2" id="i-c-21-2">white, green, yellow and red</a> robes. See
+Diego Duran, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. 87.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xi" id="xi"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xi-h" id="xi-h"><span class="hymnnum">XI.</span> <span lang="nah">Otontecutli icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xi-1" id="xi-1">Onoalico, onoalico, pomaya, yyaya, ayyo, ayyo, aya, aya, ayyo.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xi-2" id="xi-2">Chimalocutitlana motlaqueuia auetzini nonoualico, quauinochitla,
+cacauatla motlaqueuia auetzini.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xi-3" id="xi-3">Ni tepanecatli aya cuecuexi, ni quetzallicoatli aya cuecuexi.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xi-4" id="xi-4">Cane ca ya itziueponi, cane ca ya itziueponi.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xi-5" id="xi-5">Otomico, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame ya yauilili, noyoco, nauaco,
+mexicame ya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xi-6" id="xi-6">A chimalli aya, xa, xauino quiyauilili, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame
+ya.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah"><a name="i-n-5-1" id="i-n-5-1">Nonoualco</a>.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xi-t" id="xi-t">Hymn of Olontecutli.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>At Nonoalco he rules, at Nonoalco, Oho! Oho!</li>
+
+<li>In the pine woods he prepares your destruction at Nonoalco, in the
+tuna woods, in the cacao woods he prepares your destruction.</li>
+
+<li>I, dweller in the palace, shook them; <a name="i-q-3b-1" id="i-q-3b-1">I, Quetzalcoatl</a>, shook them.</li>
+
+<li>There was a splendor of spears, a splendor of spears.</li>
+
+<li>With my captain, with my courage, with my skill, <a name="i-m-7-1" id="i-m-7-1">the Mexicans</a> were
+put to flight; even the Mexicans, with my courage, with my skill.</li>
+
+<li>Go forth, ye shield bearers, put the Mexicans to flight with my
+courage, with my skill.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xi-n" id="xi-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+The absence of a Gloss to this hymn adds to the difficulty of a
+translation. <a name="i-o-5b-1" id="i-o-5b-1"><i lang="nah">Otontecutli</i></a> was the chief deity of the Otomis, and
+<a name="i-a-12b-1" id="i-a-12b-1">the chant appears to be one of their war songs in their conflict with the Azteca.</a>
+The name is a compound of <i lang="nah">otomitl</i>, an Otomi, and <i lang="nah">tecutli</i>,
+ruler or lord. He is slightly referred to by Sahagun as &#8220;the first ruler
+to govern the ancestors of the Otomis.&#8221; (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. X, cap. 29,
+sec. 5.)
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xii" id="xii"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xii-h" id="xii-h"><span class="hymnnum">XII.</span> <span lang="nah">Ayopechtli icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xii-1" id="xii-1">Cane cana ichan, ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xii-2" id="xii-2">Cane cana ichan ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc, cane ichan
+chacayoticaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xii-3" id="xii-3">Xiualmeuayauia, xiua xiualmeuayaauiaya yancuipilla, xiualmeuaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xii-4" id="xii-4">Auiya xiualmeuaya, ueya, xiua, xiualmeuaya, cozcapilla xiualmeuaya.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xii-g" id="xii-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in oncan ichan ayopechtli oncan mixiuiqui tlacatilia in
+cuzcatl quetzalli.</li>
+
+<li>Cane cana ichan, <i>q.n.</i>, in oncan ichan ayopechcatl oncan
+quitlacatilia in cozcatl quetzalli oncan yoliua, tlacatiua.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ximeua, ximeua, in tipiltzintli xiualmeua in quinotitlacat
+tipiltzintli.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, xiualmeua, xiualmeua, in tipiltzintli in ti cuzcatl, in ti
+quetzalli.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xii-t" id="xii-t">Hymn to Ayopechcatl.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>Truly in whatever house there is a lying-in, Ayopechcatl takes
+charge of the child.</li>
+
+<li>Truly in whatever house there is a lying-in, Ayopechcatl takes
+charge of the child, there where it is weeping in the house.</li>
+
+<li>Come along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you new comer, come along
+and cry out.</li>
+
+<li>Come along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you little jewel, cry
+out.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xii-n" id="xii-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+The name of Ayopechcatl does not appear among the divinities named by
+Sahagun, Duran or the other authorities at my command. <a name="i-a-11b-1" id="i-a-11b-1">Her name
+indicates her function as the goddess of the child-bed and the neonatus,</a>
+and the above hymn establishes her claim to a place in the Aztec
+pantheon.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xiii" id="xiii"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xiii-h" id="xiii-h"><span class="hymnnum">XIII.</span> <span lang="nah">Ciuacoatl icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xiii-1" id="xiii-1">Quaui, quaui, quilaztla, coaeztica xayaualoc uiuiya quauiuitl
+uitzalochpa chalima aueuetl ye colhoa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiii-2" id="xiii-2">Huiya tonaca, acxolma centla teumilco chicauaztica, motlaquechizca.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiii-3" id="xiii-3">Uitztla, uitztla, nomactemi, uitztla, uitztla nomactemi, a&#231;an
+teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiii-4" id="xiii-4">Malinalla nomactemi, a&#231;an teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiii-5" id="xiii-5">A omei quauhtli, ye tonanaya chalmecatecutli ay tziuac y mauiztla
+nechyatetemilli, yeua nopiltzinaya mixcoatla.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiii-6" id="xiii-6">Ya tonani, yau&#231;iuatzin, aya tonan yau&#231;iuatzi aya y maca coliuacan y
+yuitla y potocaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiii-7" id="xiii-7">Ahuiya ye tonaquetli, yautlatocaya, ahuiya ye tonaquetli
+yautlatocaya moneuila no tlaca cenpoliuiz aya y maca coliuaca y yuitla y
+potocaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiii-8" id="xiii-8">Ahuia quauiuitl amo xayaualli onauiya yecoyametl amo xayaualli.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Cohoaeztica.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Acxoima.</span> <span class="varnum">7.</span> <span lang="nah">Maneuila, cenpoalihuiz, inmaca.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xiii-g" id="xiii-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in quauhcihuatl, ic oxaualoc in coaetztli, ioan in quauhtli
+yhuitli in moteneua iquauhtzon, ipan iualuicoc yn umpa colhuacan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, inic motocaya &#231;entli, in mochiuaya teumilpa, ichicauaztica
+inic tlatatacaya, inic tocaya.</li>
+
+<li>Uitztla, <i>q.n.</i>, nomactemi nochicauaztica inic nitocaya, inic
+nitlatatacaya.</li>
+
+<li><a name="xiii-g-4" id="xiii-g-4" class="anti-link">Malinalla, uictli, <i>q.n.</i>, uictica in tlachpanaya, <i lang="la">id est</i>,
+iceliniquia, yn uncan teumilpan auh ychicauaztica inic nitlatatacaya,
+inic tocaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, matlactli omei quauhtli yn notonal innamona auh ynan
+nopilhoan in chalmeca xicuiti in tziuactli xinechtemilica.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in iyauciuatzin yn amona umpa nochan in coluaca auh in
+quauiuitl nictemaca ynic oquauhtiuac.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ca otonac ca otlatuic momochiua yauyutl ma tlamalo
+tlalpiliuiz nic temaca in quauiuitl.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, aahuia yn otlamaloc in quauiuitl yc moxaua.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xiii-t" id="xiii-t">Hymn to Cihuacoatl.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li><a name="i-q-4a-1" id="i-q-4a-1">Quilaztli</a>, plumed with eagle feathers, with the crest of eagles,
+painted with <a name="i-s-3d-1" id="i-s-3d-1">serpents&#8217; blood</a>, comes with her hoe, beating her drum, from
+Colhuacan.</li>
+
+<li>She alone, who is our flesh, goddess of the fields and shrubs, is
+strong to support us.</li>
+
+<li>With the hoe, with the hoe, with hands full, with the hoe, with
+hands full, the goddess of the fields is strong to support us.</li>
+
+<li>With a broom in her hands the goddess of the fields strongly
+supports us.</li>
+
+<li>Our mother is as twelve eagles, <a name="i-d-4-1" id="i-d-4-1">goddess of drum-beating</a>,
+<a name="i-m-12b-2" id="i-m-12b-2">filling the fields of tzioac and maguey like our lord Mixcoatl</a>.</li>
+
+<li>She is our mother, a <a name="i-w-1b-1" id="i-w-1b-1">goddess of war</a>, our mother, a goddess of war,
+an example and a companion from the home of our ancestors (Colhuacan).</li>
+
+<li>She comes forth, she appears when war is waged, she protects us in
+war that we shall not be destroyed, an example and companion from the
+home of our ancestors.</li>
+
+<li><a name="i-e-1-1" id="i-e-1-1">She comes adorned in the ancient manner with the eagle crest, in
+the ancient manner with the eagle crest.</a></li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xiii-n" id="xiii-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+Cihuacoatl was the mythical mother of the human race. Her name,
+generally translated <a name="i-s-3c-1" id="i-s-3c-1">&#8220;serpent woman,&#8221;</a> should be rendered
+<a name="i-t-25-1" id="i-t-25-1">&#8220;woman of twins&#8221;</a> or &#8220;bearing twins,&#8221; as the myth related that such was her
+fertility that she always bore two children at one lying-in.
+(<a name="i-t-17-3" id="i-t-17-3">Torquemada</a>, <i class="title" lang="es">Monarquia Indiana</i>, Lib. VI., cap. 31.) She was also known
+by the title <a name="i-t-21-1" id="i-t-21-1"><i lang="nah">Tonan</i> or <i lang="nah">Tonantzin</i></a>, <a name="i-m-16a-1" id="i-m-16a-1">&#8220;our mother,&#8221;</a> as in v. 5 and 6.
+Still another of her appellations was <a name="i-q-4a-2" id="i-q-4a-2"><i lang="nah">Quilaztli</i></a>, which is given her in
+v. 1. (Comp. Sahagun, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. VI., cap. 27.) She was
+essentially a <a name="i-f-2-2" id="i-f-2-2">goddess of fertility and reproduction</a>. The name
+<i lang="nah">cihuacoatl</i> was also applied to one of the higher magistrates and war
+chiefs in the Aztec army (Sahagun). Reference is made to this in v. 6.
+As a goddess of venerable antiquity, she is spoken of as coming from
+Colhuacan, &#8220;the place of the old men,&#8221; or of the ancestors of the tribe.
+<a name="i-c-20b-1" id="i-c-20b-1">This name is derived from <i lang="nah">coloa</i>, to bend down, as an aged person, <i lang="nah">colli</i>, an old man.</a>
+(See my <a name="i-a-6-2" id="i-a-6-2"><i class="title">Ancient Nahuatl Poetry</i></a>, pp. 172-3).
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xiv" id="xiv"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xiv-h" id="xiv-h"><span class="hymnnum">XIV.</span> <span lang="nah">Izcatqui yn cuicatl chicuexiuhtica meuaya iniquac atamalqualoya.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xiv-1" id="xiv-1">Xochitl noyollo cuepontimania ye tlacoyoalle, oaya, oouayaye.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-2" id="xiv-2">Yecoc ye tonan, yecoc ye teutl tlacolteutla, oaya, ooayaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-3" id="xiv-3">Otlacatqui &#231;enteutl tamiyoanichan ni xochitlicacani. &#199;ey xochitli
+yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao, ayaue, oayyaue.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-4" id="xiv-4">Otlacatqui &#231;enteutl, atl, yayaui cani tlaca pillachiualoya
+chalchimichuacan, yyao, yantala, yatanta, a yyao, ayyaue tilili yao,
+ayyaue, oayyaue.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-5" id="xiv-5">Oya tlatonazqui tlauizcalleuaya inan tlachinaya nepapan quechol,
+xochitlacacan y yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao, ayyaue,
+oayyayaue.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-6" id="xiv-6">Tlalpa timoquetzca, tianquiz nauaquia nitlacatla, ni quetzalcoatla,
+yyao, yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao ayyaue, oayyayue.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-7" id="xiv-7">Ma ya auiallo xochinquauitl itlani nepapan quecholli ma ya in
+quecholli xicaquiya tlatoaya y toteuh, xicaquiya tlatoaya y quechol
+amach yeua tonicauh tlapitza amach ychan tlacaluaz, ouao.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-8" id="xiv-8">Aye oho, yyayya, &#231;a miquiyecauiz &#231;a noxocha tonaca xochitli ye
+izqui xochitla, xochitlicacan, yyaa.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-9" id="xiv-9">Ollama, ollama uiue xolutl nauallachic, ollama ya xolutl
+chalchiuecatl xiquitta mach, oya moteca piltzintecutli yoanchan,
+yoanchan.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-10" id="xiv-10">Piltzintle, piltzintle to&#231;uitica timopotonia tlachco, timotlalli
+yoanchan, yoanchan.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-11" id="xiv-11">Oztomecatla yyaue, oztomecatla xochiquetzal quimama, ontlatca
+cholola, ayye, ayyo, oye maui noyol, oye maui noyol, aoya yecoc
+centeutl, matiuia obispo, oztomecatl chacalhoa, xiuhnacochtla, yteamic
+ximaquiztla yteamico, ayye, ayye.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xiv-12" id="xiv-12">Cochina, cochina, cocochi ye nicmaololo, ni cani ye &#231;iuatl ni
+cochina yyeo, ouayeo, yho, yya, yya.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">3.</span> <span lang="nah">&#199;enteuteutl.</span> <span class="varnum">4.</span> <span lang="nah">Uillachiualoia.</span> <span class="varnum">5.</span> <span lang="nah">Oya tonazqui.</span> <span class="varnum">5.</span> <span lang="nah">Tlapan.</span>
+<span class="varnum">10.</span> <span lang="nah">Timotlalia.</span> <span class="varnum">11.</span> <span lang="nah">Suchiquetzal. Ontlatoa cholollan.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xiv-t" id="xiv-t">This is the Hymn which they sang every eight years when they fasted on
+bread and water.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>The flower in my heart blossoms and spreads abroad in the middle of
+the night.</li>
+
+<li><a name="i-t-21-2" id="i-t-21-2">Tonan</a> has satisfied her passion, the goddess <a name="i-t-14-1" id="i-t-14-1">Tlazolteotl</a> has
+satisfied her passion.</li>
+
+<li>I, Cinteotl, was born in <a name="i-p-1-4" id="i-p-1-4">Paradise</a>, I come from the place of
+flowers. I am the only flower, the new, the glorious one.</li>
+
+<li>Cinteotl was born from the water; he came born as a mortal, as a
+youth, from the cerulean home of the fishes, a new, a glorious god.</li>
+
+<li>He shone forth as the sun; his mother dwelt in the house of the
+dawn, varied in hue as the <a name="i-q-1-1" id="i-q-1-1">quechol</a> bird, a new, a glorious flower.</li>
+
+<li>I came forth on the earth, even to the market place like a mortal,
+even <a name="i-q-3b-2" id="i-q-3b-2">I, Quetzalcoatl</a>, great and glorious.</li>
+
+<li>Be ye happy under the flower-bush varied in hue as the quetzal
+bird; listen to the quechol singing to the gods; listen to the singing
+of the quechol along the river; hear its flute along the river in the
+house of the reeds.</li>
+
+<li><a name="i-f-8c-1" id="i-f-8c-1">Alas! would that my flowers would cease from dying; our flesh is as flowers, even as flowers in the place of flowers.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="i-b-1-1" id="i-b-1-1">He plays at ball, he plays at ball, the servant of marvellous skill; he plays at ball, the precious servant; look at him; even the ruler of the nobles follows him to his house.</a></li>
+
+<li>O youths! O youths! follow the example of your ancestors; make
+yourselves equal to them in the ball count; establish yourselves in your
+houses.</li>
+
+<li>She goes to the mart, they carry <a name="i-x-6c-1" id="i-x-6c-1">Xochiquetzal</a> to the mart; she
+speaks at <a name="i-c-11-1" id="i-c-11-1">Cholula</a>; she startles my heart; she startles my heart; she has
+not finished, the priest knows her; where the merchants sell <a name="i-j-1-1" id="i-j-1-1">green jade earrings</a>
+she is to be seen, in the place of wonders she is to be seen.</li>
+
+<li>Sleep, sleep, sleep, I fold my hands to sleep, I, O woman, sleep.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xiv-n" id="xiv-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+In default of a Gloss to this hymn, the indispensable <a name="i-s-2d-8" id="i-s-2d-8">Sahagun</a> again
+comes to our aid. He informs us in the Appendix to the second book of
+his <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i> that &#8220;When the Indians celebrated the festival called
+<i lang="nah">atamalqualiztli</i>, which took place <a name="i-e-3-1" id="i-e-3-1">every eight years</a>, certain natives
+called <a name="i-m-5-1" id="i-m-5-1">Mazateca</a> <a name="i-s-3e-1" id="i-s-3e-1">swallowed living serpents and frogs</a>, and received
+garments as a recompense for their daring.&#8221; <a name="i-b-3-1" id="i-b-3-1">We are not informed as to
+the purpose of the festival, and its name, which signifies &#8220;eating
+bread made with water,&#8221; is merely that of one of the regular systems of
+fasting in vogue in ancient Mexico.</a> <a name="i-s-2d-9" id="i-s-2d-9">(See Sahagun, Lib. III., cap. 8.)</a>
+The song before us appears to be a recitation calling on a number of the
+Nahua divinities.
+</p>
+
+<div class="pseudool">
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  1. <a name="i-f-8c-2" id="i-f-8c-2">&#8220;The flower in my heart&#8221; is a metaphorical expression for song.</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  2. <i lang="nah">Tonan</i>, &#8220;Our Mother&#8221;; <i lang="nah">Tlazolteotl</i>, the goddess of lascivious
+love, <a name="i-v-1-1" id="i-v-1-1"><i>Venus impudica</i></a>. The verb <i lang="nah">yecoa</i> appears to have its early
+signification, expressing carnal connection.
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  3. <a name="i-c-13b-1" id="i-c-13b-1"><i lang="nah">Centeotl</i>, god of maize and fertility.</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  8. The flowers referred to are the youths and maidens who die young.
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  9. <a name="i-b-1-2" id="i-b-1-2">The house of the ball player</a> is the tomb.
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  11. This verse is very obscure and is obviously corrupt. It contains
+the only Spanish word in the text of these hymns&#8212;<i lang="es">obispo</i>&#8212;a word
+including two letters, <i>b</i> and <i>s</i>, not in the Nahuatl alphabet.
+</div>
+
+<div class="pseudoli">
+  12. The woman referred to is <a name="i-x-6c-2" id="i-x-6c-2">Xochiquetzal</a>. See <a href="#ix" class="link">Hymn IX</a>.
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="illustration">
+<a href="images/full2.jpg" name="ill2" id="ill2">
+<img src="images/inline2.jpg" alt="[Illustration: PRIEST OF XIPPE TOTEC, DRINKING AND PLAYING ON A DRUM. HYMN XV.]" title="PRIEST OF XIPPE TOTEC, DRINKING AND PLAYING ON A DRUM. HYMN XV." class="illustration" id="ill2img" />
+</a>
+<div class="caption">Priest of Xippe Totec, Drinking and Playing on a Drum. Hymn XV.</div>
+</div>
+
+<h1><a name="xv" id="xv"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xv-h" id="xv-h"><span class="hymnnum">XV.</span> <span lang="nah">Xippe icuic, Totec, yoallauana.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xv-1" id="xv-1">Yoalli tlauana, iztleican nimonenequia xiyaqui mitlatia
+teocuitlaquemitl, xicmoquenti quetlauia.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xv-2" id="xv-2">Noteua chalchimamatlaco, apana, y temoya ay quetzallaueuetl, ay
+quetzalxiuicoatl, nechiya iqui nocauhquetl, ouiya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xv-3" id="xv-3">Maniyauia, nia nia poliuiz, ni yoatzin achalchiuhtla noyollo,
+ateucuitlatl nocoyaitaz, noyolceuizqui tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya,
+otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl ouiya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xv-4" id="xv-4">Noteua ce in tlaco xayailiuiz &#231;onoa y yoatzin motepeyocpa
+mitzualitta moteua, noyolceuizquin tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya,
+otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl, ouiya.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Quetloujia.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Noteuhoa chalchimmama tlacoapana itemoia.</span> <span class="varnum">3.</span>
+<span lang="nah">Achalchiuhtla.</span> <span class="varnum">4.</span> <span lang="nah">Centlaco, mitzualitla.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xv-g" id="xv-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn ti yoallauana, ti xipe, totec, tleica in ti monequi in
+timo&#231;uma, in timotlatia, <i lang="la">id est</i>, tleica in amo quiauiteocuitlaquemitl,
+xicmoquenti, <i>q.n.</i>, ma quiaui, ma ualauh yn atl.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn ti noteuh, otemoc in mauhoualla yn mauh; ay quetzalla
+ueuetl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, ye tlaquetzalpatia ye tlaxoxouia, ye xopantla. Ay
+quetzal xiuhcoatl nechia iqui no cauhquetl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, ca ye otechcauh yn
+mayanaliztli.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ma mauh, ma nipoliui yn ni yoatzin, <i lang="la">id est</i>, in catleuatl,
+yuhquin chalchiuitl noyollo. A teocuitlatl nocoyaitaz, <i>q.n.</i>, in
+catleuatl achtomochiuaz ninoyolceuiz.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn oteuh cequi tlatlacotyan in mochiua initonacayouh,
+auh in tlein tlatlacotyan achto mochiua mochi tlacatl achto mitzualmaca,
+auh iniquac ye omochimochiuh occeppa nomochi tlacatl mitzualmaca yn
+motonacayuh.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xv-t" id="xv-t">Hymn of the High Priest of Xipe Totec.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>The nightly drinking, why should I oppose it? Go forth and array
+yourselves in the golden garments, clothe yourselves in the glittering
+vestments.</li>
+
+<li>My god descended upon the water, into the beautiful glistening
+surface; he was as a lovely <a name="i-w-2-1" id="i-w-2-1">water cypress</a>, as a beauteous green serpent;
+now I have left behind me my suffering.</li>
+
+<li>I go forth, I go forth about to destroy, I, <a name="i-y-2-1" id="i-y-2-1">Yoatzin</a>; my soul is in
+the cerulean water; I am seen in the golden water; I shall appear unto
+mortals; I shall strengthen them for the words of war!</li>
+
+<li>My god appears as a mortal; O Yoatzin, thou art seen upon the
+mountains; I shall appear unto mortals; I shall strengthen them for the
+words of war.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xv-n" id="xv-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+There is slight mention of the deity Xipe Totec in the Spanish writers.
+He was the patron divinity of the silversmiths, and his festival,
+attended with peculiarly bloody rites, was celebrated in the first month
+of the calendar. (<a name="i-d-6-5" id="i-d-6-5">Duran</a>, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. 87; Sahagun, Lib. I., cap. 18,
+Lib. II., cap. 21, etc.) <a name="i-q-3c-1" id="i-q-3c-1">Totec is named as one of the companions of Quetzalcoatl</a>,
+and an ancient divinity whose temple stood on the
+<a name="i-t-26-1" id="i-t-26-1"><i lang="nah">Tzatzitepec</i></a> (see the <a name="i-c-19-1" id="i-c-19-1"><i class="title">Codex Vaticanus</i></a>; Tab. XII., in <a name="i-k-1b-1" id="i-k-1b-1">Kingsborough&#8217;s <i class="title">Mexico</i></a>).
+His high priest was called <a name="i-y-3-1" id="i-y-3-1"><i lang="nah">Youallauan</i></a>, &#8220;the nocturnal
+tippler&#8221; (<i lang="nah">youalli</i>, night, and <i lang="nah">tlauana</i>, to drink to slight
+intoxication), and it was his duty <a name="i-h-3-1" id="i-h-3-1">to tear out the hearts of the human victims</a>
+(Sahagun, <i lang="la">u.s.</i>). The epithet <a name="i-y-2-2" id="i-y-2-2"><i lang="nah">Yoatzin</i></a>, <a name="i-n-4-2" id="i-n-4-2">&#8220;noble night-god,&#8221;</a>
+bears some relation to the celebration of his rites at night.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="illustration">
+<a href="images/full3.jpg" name="ill3" id="ill3">
+<img src="images/inline3.jpg" alt="[Illustration: CHICOMECOATL, GODDESS OF FOOD AND DRINK. HYMN XVI.]" title="CHICOMECOATL, GODDESS OF FOOD AND DRINK. HYMN XVI." class="illustration" id="ill3img" />
+</a>
+<div class="caption">Chicomecoatl, Goddess of Food and Drink. Hymn XVI.</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xvi" id="xvi"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xvi-h" id="xvi-h"><span class="hymnnum">XVI.</span> <span lang="nah">Chicomecoatl icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xvi-1" id="xvi-1">Chicomollotzin xayameua, ximi&#231;otica aca tona titech icnocauazqui
+tiyauia mochan tlallocan nouia.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xvi-2" id="xvi-2">Xayameua ximi&#231;otica aca tonan titech icnocauazqui tiyauian mochan
+tlallocan nouiya.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Xaia mehoa.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xvi-g" id="xvi-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn ti chicomolotl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, in ti centli ximeua, xi&#231;a,
+xixoa, ca otimouicaya in mochan tlallocan.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, xayameua, <i lang="la">id est</i>, ximeua, xixua, xi&#231;a, ca otimouicaya in
+mochantzinco in tlallocan ca yuhquin ti tonatzon.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xvi-t" id="xvi-t">Hymn to Chicomecoatl.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>O noble <a name="i-c-6-1" id="i-c-6-1">Chicomolotl</a>, arise, awake, leave us not unprotected on the
+way, conduct us to the <a name="i-t-12b-3" id="i-t-12b-3">home of Tlaloc</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Arise, awake, leave us not unprotected on the way, conduct us to
+the home of Tlaloc.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xvi-n" id="xvi-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+The goddess Chicomecoatl, <a name="i-s-4-1" id="i-s-4-1">&#8220;seven guests,&#8221;</a> was the deity who
+<a name="i-c-5b-1" id="i-c-5b-1">presided over food and drink</a>. Hence in the first verse she is referred to as
+Chicomolotl, &#8220;seven ears of corn,&#8221; and is spoken of as a guide to
+Tlalocan, or <a name="i-a-1-1" id="i-a-1-1">the home of abundance</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a name="i-d-6-6" id="i-d-6-6">Father Duran, who</a> gives a long chapter on this goddess (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap.
+92), translates her name <a name="i-h-2-1" id="i-h-2-1">&#8220;serpent of seven heads,&#8221;</a> and adds that
+<a name="i-c-2-1" id="i-c-2-1">she was also called <i lang="nah">Chalciucihuatl</i></a>, <a name="i-e-4-1" id="i-e-4-1">&#8220;Lady of the Emerald,&#8221;</a> and <a name="i-x-1-1" id="i-x-1-1"><i lang="nah">Xilonen</i></a>,
+<a name="i-g-2-1" id="i-g-2-1">&#8220;goddess of the tender ears of maize.&#8221;</a> <a name="i-c-5b-2" id="i-c-5b-2">Every kind of seed and vegetable
+which served for food was under her guardianship</a>, and hence her festival,
+held about the middle of September, was particularly solemn. Her statue
+represented her as a girl of about twelve years old.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="illustration">
+<a href="images/full4.jpg" name="ill4" id="ill4">
+<img src="images/inline4.jpg" alt="[Illustration: TOTOCHTIN, THE RABBITS, GODS OF THE DRUNKARDS. HYMN XVII.]" title="TOTOCHTIN, THE RABBITS, GODS OF THE DRUNKARDS. HYMN XVII." class="illustration" id="ill4img" />
+</a>
+<div class="caption">Totochtin, the Rabbits, Gods of the Drunkards. Hymn XVII.</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xvii" id="xvii"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xvii-h" id="xvii-h"><span class="hymnnum">XVII.</span> <span lang="nah">Totochtin incuic Tezcatzoncatl.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xvii-1" id="xvii-1">Yyaha, yya yya, yya ayya, ayya ouiya, ayya yya, ayya yya, yyauiyya,
+ayya ayya, yya ayya, yya yya yye.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xvii-2" id="xvii-2">Coliuacan mauizpan atlacatl ichana, yya ayya, yyayyo.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xvii-3" id="xvii-3">Tezcatzonco tecpan teutl, macoc ye chocaya, auia, macaiui, macayui
+teutl, macoc yye chocaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xvii-4" id="xvii-4">Auia axalaco tecpanteutl, macoc yye chocaya, macayui, macayui
+teutl, macoc yye chocaya.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">3.</span> <span lang="nah">Tezcatzoncatl tepan.</span> <span class="varnum">4.</span> <span lang="nah">Axalaca.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xvii-g" id="xvii-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li>Y tlauelcuic, tlauelcuica.</li>
+
+<li>Coliuacan mauizpa tlacatlichana, <i>q.n.</i>, in tlacatl, <i lang="la">id est</i>,
+octli ompa ichan ni colhoacan. Mauizpa, <i>q.n.</i>, temamauhtican.</li>
+
+<li>Tezcatzonco tecpanteutl, <i>q.n.</i>, ye choca in omacoc teutl
+tezcatzonco tecpan, <i lang="la">id est</i>, octli. Quimonacayotia in teutl. Macaiui
+teutl, <i>q.n.</i>, macamo omatoni in teutl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, octli, ye choca cayamo
+ynemac.</li>
+
+<li>Aia axalaco tecpanteutl, <i>q.n.</i>, axala in tecpanteutl. Ye choca yn
+omacoc, <i lang="la">id est</i>, octli axalatecpan, ye choca in omacoc, macamo omaco ni
+ye choca cayamo ynemac.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xvii-t" id="xvii-t">Hymn to Tezcatzoncatl Totochtin.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>Alas! alas! alas! alas! alas! alas!</li>
+
+<li>In the home of our ancestors this creature was a fearful thing.</li>
+
+<li>In the temple of Tezcatzoncatl he aids those who cry to him, he
+gives them to drink; the god gives to drink to those who cry to him.</li>
+
+<li>In the temple by the water-reeds the god aids those who call upon
+him, he gives them to drink; the god aids those who cry unto him.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xvii-n" id="xvii-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+<a name="i-p-7-1" id="i-p-7-1">Tezcatzoncatl was one of the chief gods of the native inebriating liquor, the pulque.</a>
+Its effects were recognized as most disastrous, as
+is seen from his other names, <a name="i-t-6-1" id="i-t-6-1"><i lang="nah">Tequechmecaniani</i></a>, &#8220;he who hangs people,&#8221;
+and <a name="i-t-2-1" id="i-t-2-1"><i lang="nah">Teatlahuiani</i></a>, &#8220;he who drowns people.&#8221; Sahagun remarks, &#8220;They
+always regarded the pulque as a bad and dangerous article.&#8221; The word
+<i lang="nah">Totochtin</i>, plural of <a name="i-t-20-1" id="i-t-20-1"><i lang="nah">tochtli</i></a>, rabbit, was applied to drunkards, and
+also to some of the deities of special forms of drunkenness.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The first verse is merely a series of lamentations. The second speaks of
+the sad effects of the pulque in ancient times. (On <a name="i-c-20c-2" id="i-c-20c-2">Colhuacan</a> see <a href="#xiii-n" class="link">Notes to Hymn XIII</a>.)
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="illustration">
+<a href="images/full5.jpg" name="ill5" id="ill5">
+<img src="images/inline5.jpg" alt="[Illustration: ATLAUA, SINGING AND DANCING. HYMN XVIII.]" title="ATLAUA, SINGING AND DANCING. HYMN XVIII." class="illustration" id="ill5img" />
+</a>
+<div class="caption">Atlaua, Singing and Dancing. Hymn XVIII.</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xviii" id="xviii"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xviii-h" id="xviii-h"><span class="hymnnum">XVIII.</span> <span lang="nah">Atlaua Icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xviii-1" id="xviii-1">Auia nichalmecatl, nichalmecatl, ne&#231;aualcautla, ne&#231;aualcautla, olya
+quatonalla olya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xviii-2" id="xviii-2">Ueya, ueya, macxoyauh quilazteutl y tlapani macxoyauh.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xviii-3" id="xviii-3">Nimitz acatecunotzaya, chimalticpao mone&#231;oya nimitzacatecunotzaya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xviii-4" id="xviii-4">Ayac nomiuh timalla aytolloca nacatl nomiuh aca xeliui timalla.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xviii-5" id="xviii-5">Tetoma amo yolcana tlamacazquinte tometl, a&#231;an axcan ye
+quetzaltototl, nic ya izcaltiquetla.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xviii-6" id="xviii-6">Y yopuchi noteuh atlauaquetl, a&#231;a naxcan ye quetzaltototl, nic ya
+izcaltiquetla.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Ne&#231;aualcactla.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Itlamani.</span> <span class="varnum">4.</span> <span lang="nah">Aitollaca acatl. Timalli.</span> <span class="varnum">5.</span> <span lang="nah">Tetonac
+amo yolcana tlamacaz quin tetometl.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xviii-g" id="xviii-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ynichalmecatl, yn ine&#231;aualac oqixicauhteuac y nioholti, y
+nioya, ixquatechimal iquatunal.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ma xiyauh ti quilazteutl, momactemi in macxoyauh.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, iniquac onimitznotz, mochimalticpac timi&#231;oya.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, atle nomiuh yc notimaloa, ca uel itoloc in acatl nomiuh, yn
+acatl xeliui yc ninotimaloa.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, oncan euac in tetuman nitlacochtetumetl. Auh inaxcan ye
+quetzaltotol inic ni tlazcaltia.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, tiacauh in oteuh in atlaua, auh inaxcan yuhqui quetzaltotol
+in nitlazcaltia.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xviii-t" id="xviii-t">The Hymn of Atlaua.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>I Chalmecatl, I Chalmecatl, I leave behind my sandles, I leave my
+sandles and my helmet.</li>
+
+<li>Go ye forth and follow the goddess Quilaztli, follow her</li>
+
+<li>I shall call upon thee to arise when among the shields, I shall
+call upon thee to arise.</li>
+
+<li>I boast of my arrows, even my reed arrows, I boast of my arrows,
+not to be broken.</li>
+
+<li>Arrayed in priestly garb, take the arrow in thy hand, for even now
+I shall arise and come forth like <a name="i-q-2-2" id="i-q-2-2">the quetzal bird</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Mighty is my god Atlaua; truly I shall arise and come forth like
+the quetzal bird.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xviii-n" id="xviii-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+<i lang="nah">Atlaua</i>, mentioned by <a name="i-o-2-1" id="i-o-2-1">Olmos</a>, who translates the word <a name="i-w-3-1" id="i-w-3-1">&#8220;Master of waters,&#8221;</a>
+is a divinity of whom little is known. The derivation from
+<i lang="nah">atlatl</i>, <a name="i-a-7b-1" id="i-a-7b-1">arrow</a>, would seem more appropriate to the words of this hymn.
+<a name="i-c-3-1" id="i-c-3-1"><i lang="nah">Chalmecatl</i></a>, used as a synonym in v. 1, appears to be from <i lang="nah">chalania</i>,
+to beat, to strike, as a <a name="i-d-3-1" id="i-d-3-1">drum</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+On <a name="i-q-4b-1" id="i-q-4b-1"><i lang="nah">Quilaztli</i></a> see <a href="#xiii-n" class="link">notes to Hymn XIII</a>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xix" id="xix"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xix-h" id="xix-h"><span class="hymnnum">XIX.</span> <span lang="nah">Macuilxochitl Icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xix-1" id="xix-1">Ayya, yao, xochitlycaca umpan iuitza tlamacazecatla tlamocoyoalca.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xix-2" id="xix-2">Ayya, yao, ayo intinotzicaya teumechaue oya, yao, tlauizcalac
+yacallea tlamacazecatlo tlamocoyoualca.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xix-3" id="xix-3">Tetzauhteutla notecuyo tezcatlipuca quinanquilican &#231;inteutla, oay.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xix-4" id="xix-4">Tezcatzonco moyolca ayyaquetl yya tochin quiyocuxquia noteuh,
+niquiyatlacaz, niquiyamamaliz, mixcoatepetl colhoacan.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xix-5" id="xix-5">Tozquixaya, nictzotzoniyao, yn tezcatzintli tezcatzintli
+tezcaxocoyeua, tzoniztapaliati tlaoc xoconoctlia ho, a.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="vars"><span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Tlamocoioaleua.</span> <span class="varnum">5.</span> <span lang="nah">Tozquiuaia. Tzoniztapalatiati.</span></div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xix-g" id="xix-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ompa nochan in xochitlicacan in itlamacazqui ni
+macuilxochitl.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, motilinia in tino&#231;i in ompa titlaecoltilozque umpa tochan
+ez.</li>
+
+<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tetzauitl in tezcatlipoca ca oyaque auh ynic tiui umpa
+titlananquilizque in centeotl.</li>
+
+<li>Tezcatzonco moyolcan, <i>q.n.</i>, tezcatzonco oyol in tochtli ynic yaz,
+oquiyocux, oquipic, y noteuh oquito nittla&#231;az, nicmamaliz, in
+mixcoatepetl colhoacan, <i lang="la">id est</i>, nictepeuaz.</li>
+
+<li>Tozquixaya nictzotzomiao, <i>q.n.</i>, nictzotzona, in tezcatzintli
+oncan nexa in tezcatzonco, oncan oyol tzoniztapalatiati ocxoni ni octli.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xix-t" id="xix-t">Hymn to Macuilxochitl.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>Yes, I shall go there to-night, to the house of flowers; I shall
+exercise the priestly office to-night.</li>
+
+<li>We labor in thy house, our mother, from dawn unto night, fulfilling
+the priestly office, laboring in the night.</li>
+
+<li>A dreadful god is <a name="i-t-8-1" id="i-t-8-1">our god Tezcatlipoca</a>, he is the only god, he will
+answer us.</li>
+
+<li>His heart is in the <a name="i-t-10-1" id="i-t-10-1">Tezcatzontli</a>; my god is not timid like a hare
+nor is he peaceable; I shall overturn, I shall penetrate the <a name="i-m-12c-1" id="i-m-12c-1">Mixcoatepec</a>
+in <a name="i-c-20c-3" id="i-c-20c-3">Colhuacan</a>.</li>
+
+<li>I sing, I play on an instrument,
+<a name="i-m-10-1" id="i-m-10-1">I am the noble instrument, the mirror; I am he who lifts the mirror</a>;
+I cry aloud, intoxicated with the wine of the tuna.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xix-n" id="xix-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+As before stated (<a href="#viii-n" class="link">Notes to Hymn VIII</a>), <a name="i-f-6-2" id="i-f-6-2">Macuilxochitl</a> is another title of
+<a name="i-f-8a-2" id="i-f-8a-2">the flower-god Xochipilli</a>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="xx" id="xx"></a></h1>
+
+<h2><a name="xx-h" id="xx-h"><span class="hymnnum">XX.</span> <span lang="nah">Yacatecutli icuic.</span></a></h2>
+
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li><a name="xx-1" id="xx-1">Anomatia aytoloc, anomatia aytoloc, tzocotzontla aytoloc,
+tzocotzontla anomatia aytoloc.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xx-2" id="xx-2">Pipitla aytoloc, pipitla anomatia aytoloc, cholotla aytoloc,
+pipitla anomatia aytoloc.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xx-3" id="xx-3">Tonacayutl nicmaceuh a&#231;a naxcan noquacuillo atliyollo,
+nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="xx-4" id="xx-4">Chalchiuhpetlacalco ni naxcan a&#231;a naxcan noquacuillo, atliyollo
+nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xx-g" id="xx-g">Gloss.</a></h2>
+
+<ol class="verses" lang="nah">
+<li>Anomatia, <i>q.n.</i>, amo nixpan in omito yauyutl inic otepeualoc
+tzocotzontla, amo nomatia in omito yauyutl.</li>
+
+<li>Pipitla aytoloc, <i>q.n.</i>, ynic tepeualoc pipitla amo nicmati inic
+omito yauyutl, in cholotla ic otepeualloc amo nixpan ynic oyautlatolloc.</li>
+
+<li>Tonacayutl nicmaceuh, <i>q.n.</i>, yn tonacayutl inic onicma&#231;euh
+ayaxcan, onechualhuicaque in oquacuiloan in xochayutl, in &#231;oqniayutl in
+teuelteca, quimilhui in iquintonaz tlatuiz anoquacuiloan ayezque. Xalli
+tepeuhya, <i lang="la">id est</i>, tlalocan. Quilmach chalchiuhpetlacalli in quitepeuh
+inic tepeuh.</li>
+
+<li>Chalchiuhpetlacalco ninaxcan, <i>q.n.</i>, onca ninotlati in chalchiuh
+petlacalco. Ayaxcan ynechualhuicatiaque yn oquacuiloan atliyoloa in umpa
+tlallocan.</li>
+</ol>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xx-t" id="xx-t">Hymn to Yacatecutli.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<ol class="verses">
+<li>I know not what is said, I know not what is said, what is said
+about <a name="i-t-28-1" id="i-t-28-1">Tzocotzontlan</a>, I know not what is said about Tzocotzontlan.</li>
+
+<li>I know not what is said of <a name="i-p-4-1" id="i-p-4-1">Pipitlan</a>, what is said of Pipitlan, nor
+what is said of <a name="i-c-11-2" id="i-c-11-2">Cholollan</a>, what of Pipitlan, of Pipitlan.</li>
+
+<li>Now I seek our food, proceeding to eat it and to drink of the
+water, going to where the sand begins.</li>
+
+<li>Now I go to my beautiful house, there to eat my food, and to drink
+of the water, going to where the sand begins.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+
+
+<h2><a name="xx-n" id="xx-n">Notes.</a></h2>
+
+<div class="eng">
+<p>
+The god Yacatecutli, whose name means <a name="i-t-22-1" id="i-t-22-1">&#8220;lord of travelers,&#8221;</a> or &#8220;the lord
+who guides,&#8221; was the <a name="i-m-6-1" id="i-m-6-1">divinity of the merchants</a>. Sahagun (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,
+Lib. I, cap. 19) and Duran (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. 90) furnish us many
+particulars of his worship.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The hymn is extremely obscure, containing a number of archaic words, and
+my rendering is very doubtful. The writer of the Gloss is, I think, also
+at fault in his paraphrase. The general purpose of the hymn seems to be
+that of a <a name="i-d-2-1" id="i-d-2-1">death-song</a>, chanted probably by the victims about to be
+sacrificed. They were given the sacred food to eat, as described by
+<a name="i-d-6-7" id="i-d-6-7">Duran</a>, and then prepared themselves to undergo death, hoping to go to
+<a name="i-t-13b-1" id="i-t-13b-1">&#8220;the beautiful house,&#8221; which the Gloss explains as Tlalocan</a>,
+<a name="i-p-1-5" id="i-p-1-5">the Terrestrial Paradise</a>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="glossary" id="glossary">Glossary.</a></h1>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">A</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-a" id="g-a" class="anti-link">A</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>prefix, negative, or positive prefix, = <i lang="nah">atl</i>, water.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Acatecunotzaya,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-3">[3]</a>. Equivalent, according to the <a class="glossarytext" href="#xviii-g">Gloss</a>, to <i lang="nah">onimitznotz</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Acatona,</dt>
+  <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xvi-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ac a tonan</i>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a class="glossarytext" href="#xvi-2">v. 2</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Acatonalaya,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">acatl</i>, reed (?).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Achalchiuhtla,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>. Comp. of <i lang="nah">atl</i>, and <i lang="nah">chalchiuitl</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Achtoquetl,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. In the first place, first.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Acxolma,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. Apparently related to <i lang="nah">acxoyatl</i>, wild laurel.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">A&#231;an,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>. Much, many times.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">A&#231;a naxcan,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#xviii-6">[6]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. Only now, for <i lang="nah">&#231;an axcan</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-ahuia" id="g-ahuia" class="anti-link">Ahuia</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. An interjection.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Amanteca,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>. Workers in mechanic arts (Molina), especially feathers (Sahagun).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Amapanitl,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. <i lang="nah">Panitl</i>, banner, flag, with possessive pronoun.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Amo,</dt>
+  <dd><i class="p-o-s">adv.</i>, no, not, negative; <i class="p-o-s">pron.</i>, your.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Anauhcampa,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. &#8220;To all four quarters of the water,&#8221; i.e., in all directions.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Anneuaya,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">in nehuatl</i>, &#8220;ego ipse.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Annotata,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">in no-tauan</i>, my forefathers.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Annotequina,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. According to the Gloss, equivalent to <i lang="nah">in tino teuh</i>, thou my god.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Annoteua,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">in no-teuh</i>, my lord.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Anomatia,</dt>
+  <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-1">[1]</a>. Not to know, to be ignorant of.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Aoyequene,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">aoc yequene</i>, &#8220;and also no one.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Apana,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. Comp. of <i lang="nah">atl</i>, water, and <i lang="nah">pani</i>, upon, postpos.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Aquamotla,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">quammomotla</i>, to play ball (?).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Aquitoloc,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. A negative, <i lang="nah">itoa</i>, to say, to tell, in the passive preterit.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ateucuitlatl,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>. Golden water. Comp. of <i lang="nah">atl</i>, and <i lang="nah">teocuitlatl</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Atilili,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>. <i lang="nah">Atilia</i>, to become clear or light.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Atl,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>. Water. In composition, <i lang="nah">a</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Atliyollo,</dt>
+  <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">atli</i>, to drink water. (?)</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Aua,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-7">[7]</a>. An interjection (?).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Auatic,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. Mistress of the waters (<i lang="nah">atl</i>, water).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">A-uetztini,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">uetzi</i>, to fall; &#8220;your fall,&#8221; &#8220;your destruction.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Auiallo,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">auia</i>, to be content, to rejoice.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Axalaco,</dt>
+  <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">axalli</i>, a water plant, and loc. term. <i lang="nah">co</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ayac,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>, <i lang="la">et s&#230;pe</i>. Nobody, no one.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ayauh,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. Fog, mist; compound form of <i lang="nah">ayauitl</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ayauhcalcatl,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-6">[6]</a>. One who has charge of the mist. Compare <i lang="nah">tepancalcatl</i>, a gardener.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ayailicalo,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. From <i lang="nah">ayauh</i>, <i lang="nah">calli</i>, the house of mist, but the Gloss renders it by <i lang="nah">auicalo</i>, the fresh, dewy house (cf. Sah., p. 150).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Aylhui&#231;olla,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Derived by the Gloss from <i lang="nah">ilhuice</i>, more, hence, to make to grow, to increase.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ayouica,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ayaic</i>, never.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Aytoloc,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-4">[4]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xx-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">itoa</i>, to say, to tell, with negative prefix.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-ayya" id="g-ayya" class="anti-link">Ayya</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>, <i lang="la">et s&#230;pe</i>; also in the forms <i lang="nah">yya</i>, <i lang="nah">ya</i>, <i lang="nah">yyo</i>, <i lang="nah">yye</i>, <i lang="nah">aya</i>, <i lang="nah">ayyo</i>, etc. An interjection, or shout.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">C</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Ca.</dt>
+  <dd><span class="defli">1. And, also.</span> <span class="defli">2. To be.</span></dd>
+<dt lang="nah">&#199;a, &#199;an,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. Only, solely.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cacauantoc,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. Reduplicated from <i lang="nah">caua</i>, to cease, stop, leave off.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cacauatla,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. &#8220;Among the cacao trees.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Calli,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. House; <i lang="nah">calipan</i>, in the house.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cana,</dt>
+  <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-1">[1]</a>. Somewhere.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cane,</dt>
+  <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ca nel</i>, and truly.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Caqui,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>. To hear, to listen.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Caquia,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">caqui</i>, to hear.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Catlachtoquetl,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. Apparently compounded of the interrogative <i lang="nah">catli</i> and <i lang="nah">tlacatl</i>, man, mortal; what mortal?</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Catella,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. For <i lang="nah">catel</i>; who indeed?</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Caua,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>; XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. To cease, to stop; to surpass; to lay down.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ce,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>; XV, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. One, a, an.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cenpoliuiz,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cempoliui</i>, to perish wholly.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Centeutl,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-6">[6]</a>; VIII, <a href="#viii-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#viii-5">[5]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-3">[3]</a>. Prop. name. The god of maize.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Centla,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">centli</i>, ear of corn, dried corn.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Centlalia,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. To assemble.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chacalhoa,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. For <i lang="nah">chachaloa</i>, to tinkle, to resound.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chalchimamatlaco,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. Compound of <i lang="nah">chalchiuitl</i>, jade, turquoise; hence of that color; <i lang="nah">mama</i>, to carry; ref. to betake oneself; <i lang="nah">atl</i>, water; <i lang="nah">co</i>, postposition.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chalchimichuacan,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>. &#8220;The cerulean home of the fishes.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chalchiuhecatl,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. From <i lang="nah">chalchiuitl</i>, jade; metaphorically, anything precious.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chalmecatl,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">chalani</i>, to beat, to strike. Apparently a proper name.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chalmecatecutli,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. &#8220;Ruler of the (drum) beaters.&#8221; Comp. <a href="#xiii-5" class="glossarytext">v. 1</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chalima,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. Apparently for <i lang="nah">chalani</i>, to strike, to beat, especially a drum.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chan,</dt>
+  <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xvi-2">[2]</a>; XVII, <a href="#xvii-2">[2]</a>. House, home.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chicauaztica,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>; XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>. Strongly, boldly, energetically.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chicomoztoc,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. &#8220;At the seven caves.&#8221; <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#vii-n" class="glossarytext">Notes to Hymn VII</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chicomollotzin,</dt>
+  <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#xvi-n" class="glossarytext">Notes, p. 59</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chicueyocan,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. In eight folds. From <i lang="nah">chicuei</i>, eight.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chicunaui,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. Nine; but used generally in the sense of &#8220;many,&#8221; &#8220;numerous.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chimal,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">chimalli</i>, buckler, shield.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chimalticpac,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-3">[3]</a>. &#8220;Above the shield.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chipuchica,</dt>
+  <dd>V, <a href="#v-1">[1]</a>. Metastasis for <i lang="nah">ichpochtica</i>, from <i lang="nah">ichpochtli</i>, virgin.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chiua,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. To make, to form, to do.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chocaya,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#iii-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">choca</i>, to weep, to cry out.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Chocayotica,</dt>
+  <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-2">[2]</a>. Adverbial from <i lang="nah">choca</i>: &#8220;weepingly.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cholola,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-2">[2]</a>. Proper name. &#8220;Place of the fugitives.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cipactonalla,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tonalli</i>, the sun, day. Perhaps a proper name.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ciuatontla,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-6">[6]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ciuatontli</i>, little woman.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Coatepec,</dt>
+  <dd>V, <a href="#v-1">[1]</a>. At the <i lang="nah">Coatepetl</i>, or Serpent Hill.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cochina,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-12">[12]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cochi</i>, to sleep.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Colhoa,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">Colhoacan</i>, proper name.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Coliuacan,</dt>
+  <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-2">[2]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. Proper name, for <i lang="nah">Colhoacan</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cotiuana,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. Probably for <i lang="nah">xo(xi-on)titaana</i>, tie hands, join hands.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Co&#231;auic,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#iv-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">coztic</i>, yellow; literally, &#8220;yellowed,&#8221; from <i lang="nah">co&#231;auia</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cozcapantica,</dt>
+  <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-1">[1]</a>. Adverbial, from <i lang="nah">cozcatl</i>, a jewel, fig., an infant.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cozcapilla,</dt>
+  <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cozcatl</i>, <i lang="nah">pilli</i>, &#8220;jewel of a babe.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cuecuechiuia,</dt>
+  <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cuecuechoa</i>, to shake.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cuecuexi,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cuecuechoa</i>, to shake.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cueponi,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, etc. To bloom, to blossom.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Cuicatl,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>, <i lang="la">et s&#230;pe</i>. Hymn, song. In compos., <i lang="nah">cuic</i>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">E</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Eztlamiyaual,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Apparently from <i lang="nah">eztli</i>, blood, race, and <i lang="nah">tlamiauati</i>, to surpass, to excel.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">H</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Huia,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-ahuia" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Ahuia</i></a>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">Y</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Y,</dt>
+  <dd><a href="#i">[I]</a>. For <i lang="nah">in</i> (<i lang="nah">yn</i>), he, it, the, that, etc.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ya.</dt>
+  <dd><i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-ayya" class="glossarytext" lang="nah">Ayya</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yancuic,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. New, fresh, green.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yancuipilla,</dt>
+  <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-3">[3]</a>. New-born babe.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yantata,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-3">[3]</a>. An exclamation.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yaquetlaya,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. Apparently a form of <i lang="nah">tlayacati</i>, or of <i lang="nah">yaque</i>, both from the root <i lang="nah">yac-</i>, a point, a prominence, to be prominent. But the etymology is not clear.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yauciuatzin,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-6">[6]</a>. <i lang="nah">Yaotl-cihuatl-tzin</i>, &#8220;the revered war-woman.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yauicaya,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yauilili,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-5">[5]</a>. Causative form of <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, &#8220;to cause to go,&#8221; to put to flight.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yautiua,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. Freq. from <i lang="nah">yaotia</i>, to fight.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yautlatoaquetl,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-yautlatoaya" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">yautlatoaya</i></a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-yautlatoaya" id="g-yautlatoaya" class="anti-link">Yautlatoaya</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>; V. <a href="#v-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yaotl</i>, war, <i lang="nah">tlatoa</i>, to speak. <i lang="nah">Yautlatoani</i>, ruler in war, was one of the titles of Huitzilopochtli.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yaxcana,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. <i lang="nah">Axcan</i>, now. <i lang="nah">Axcatl</i>, goods, property. <i lang="nah">Yaxca</i>, his, its, property.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yayalezqui,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-7">[7]</a>, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. Frequent. of <i lang="nah">yaliztli</i>; to go and come, go back and forth.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yca,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. With which.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ic&#231;otl,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. A tree planted in front of temples. Its bark was used for mats (Sahagun).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Icnocaua,</dt>
+  <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xvi-2">[2]</a>. To leave unprotected, as orphans.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ye,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-1">[1]</a>. Already, this, but, nevertheless.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yecoa,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-8">[8]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. <span class="defli">1. To have carnal connection.</span> <span class="defli">2. To end, to finish.</span></dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yeua,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>, etc. For <i lang="nah">yehuatl</i>, he, it, that.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ihuitl,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>; IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. A feather; <i class="sense">met.</i>, a model, pattern.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ihiya,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. Apparently for <i lang="nah">iye</i>, yes, affirmative particle.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ilhuiquetl,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. From <i lang="nah">ilhuia</i>, to say, to call.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Iliuiz,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-4">[5]</a>. Thoughtlessly; with negative prefix <i lang="nah">a</i>, not thoughtlessly.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ymocxi,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">in micti</i>, from <i lang="nah">mictia</i>, to slaughter.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yoalticatla,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-1">[1]</a>. <i lang="nah">Yoalli-ticatla</i>, midnight.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yoalli,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. Night.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yoatzin,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. Reverential of <i lang="nah">yoalli</i>, night.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yocoxquia,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. Peaceably, quietly.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yolcan,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-5">[5]</a>. Place of birth.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yolceuiz,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. To appease, to please.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yollotl,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. Heart, mind, center.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Itaca,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. For <i lang="nah">itacatl</i>, food, sustenance.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Iteamic,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. From <i lang="nah">itta</i>, to see.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Itlani,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-tlani" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Tlani</i></a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Itontecuitl,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. Explained by the Gloss by <i lang="nah">in tetecuti</i>, which I take to be an error for <i lang="nah">in teteuctin</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Itopanecauiloc,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. The Gloss gives <i lang="nah">ni topan</i>. The verbal is a passive from <i lang="nah">caua</i>, to leave, to abandon.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Itta,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-8">[8]</a>. To see, to esteem.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ytzicotla,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">uitzicotla</i>, lit., place abounding in thorns; fig., the south.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Itzipana,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-4">[4]</a>. Apparently a compound of <i lang="nah">ixtli</i>, face, and <i lang="nah">pan</i>, for the more usual <i lang="nah">ixpan</i>, before, in front of; <i lang="nah">ixtli</i> in comp. sometimes becomes <i lang="nah">itz</i>, as in <i lang="nah">itzoca</i>, &#8220;<span lang="es">tener sucia la cara</span>,&#8221; Molina, <i class="title" lang="es">Vocabulario</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Itziueponi,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-4">[4]</a>. For <i lang="nah">itztle-cueponi</i>, &#8220;resplendent with spears.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Itzpapalotl,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-5">[5]</a>. &#8220;The obsidian butterfly,&#8221; an image of gold and feathers, worn as a royal insignia. <i class="directive">See</i> Sahagun, Lib. VII, Cap. 12.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yua,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. To send.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yuitla,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-6">[6]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <i lang="nah">ihuitl</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yuiyoc,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yuiyotl</i>, a feather, <i lang="nah">yuiyoa</i>, to be dressed in feathers, or feather garments.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ixtlauatl,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. Open field, uncultivated region.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yyaconay,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ayac-on-ay</i>, as appears by the gloss.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Yya.</dt>
+  <dd><i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-ayya" class="glossarytext" lang="nah">Ayya</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Izqui,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-8">[8]</a>. As many as.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Iztac,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#iv-4">[4]</a>. White.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Iz tleica,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-3">[3]</a>; XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. &#8220;Here is why.&#8221; The interrogative changed into the predicative form. <i class="directive">See</i> Paredes, <i class="title" lang="es">Compendio</i>, p. 154.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">M</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Ma,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-1">[1]</a>. <span class="defli">1. Sign of negative, no, not.</span> <span class="defli">2. Sign of imperative.</span></dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Macaiui,</dt>
+  <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xvii-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">macoa</i>, and <i lang="nah">i</i>, to drink.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Maceualli,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-4">[4]</a>. Subjects, servants.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Maceuh,</dt>
+  <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">maceua</i>, to seek for, to obtain.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mach,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. Intensive particle.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Machiyotla,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. For <i lang="nah">machiotl</i>, sign, example.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Macoa,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>; XVII, <a href="#xvii-3">[3]</a>. To aid, to assist.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Macxoyauh,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-3">[3]</a>. By the Gloss, for <i lang="nah">ma-xi-yauh</i>, imper. of <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Malinalli,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-4">[4]</a>. A broom.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Malli,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. Captive; one taken by hand.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mama,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. To carry a load on the shoulders.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mamalia,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. To penetrate.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mamauia,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>. To frighten, frequentative-causative, from <i lang="nah">maui</i>, to fear.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Maololo,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-12">[12]</a>. From <i lang="nah">ma-ololo</i>, to cover with the hand.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mati,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. To know.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Matiuia,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. For <i lang="nah">matihuia</i>, from <i lang="nah">mati</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Matlauacal,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-4">[4]</a>. A net-basket.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ma-tonicaya,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. Let it shine, let it be bright; from <i lang="nah">tona</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mauia,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. To give into the hands of, to deliver up.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Maui noyol,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. To fear in my heart.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mauiztli,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>, XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. An honor (<i lang="es">cosa de estima</i>, <i>Molina</i>). A person of honor.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mazatl,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. (Doubtful.) Deer; any large wild animal.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mecatla,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">mecatl</i>, cord, rope.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Milacatzoa,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>. <i lang="nah">Mo-ilacatzoa</i>, to twine oneself, as a serpent around a tree; refers to the <i lang="nah">xiuhcoatl</i>, fire-serpent, of Huitzilopochtli.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mimicha,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-8">[8]</a>. Fish, for <i lang="nah">michin</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mimilcatoc,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. Twisted, twined.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Miquiyecauiz,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-8">[8]</a>. Compound of <i lang="nah">miqui</i>, to die, and <i lang="nah">yecaui</i>, to cease; &#8220;to cease dying.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mitoaya,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. For <i lang="nah">mo-itoa-ya</i>, it is said, they said.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mixcoatepetl,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. The mountain or town of Mixcoatl.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mixcoatl,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. A proper name.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mixiui,</dt>
+  <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-1">[1]</a>. To accouch, to bear a child.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mixtecatl,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. A proper name. The Mixteca lived on the Pacific coast, to the southwest, and were not of Nahuatl lineage.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mixiuiloc,</dt>
+  <dd>V, <a href="#v-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">mixiui</i>, to accouch, to bear a child.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mo-cuiltonoa,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. To rejoice or enjoy greatly.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mone&#231;oya,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">ne&#231;i</i>, to appear.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mo-neuila,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">eua</i>, to rise up, to come forth.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mo-quetzquetl,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">m-oquequetz</i>, frequent. of <i lang="nah">quetza</i>; to flow forth, to run from and out. A poetic form, not uncommon.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Moquichtiuiui,</dt>
+  <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. <i lang="nah">Oquichuia</i>, to suffer manfully.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mo-teca,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. They assemble; impers. from <i lang="nah">teca</i>, to place oneself, to lie down.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Moteua,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. Perhaps from <i lang="nah">itoa</i>, to say, &#8220;it is said.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mo-tlaquechizca,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xiii-4">[4]</a>. Strengthened form of <i lang="nah">tlaquechia</i>, to rest upon; to bear down upon; to press upon.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mo-tlaqueuia,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. To seek people, or to hire them to work injury to others.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mo-tonacayouh,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. Our flesh; the usual form is <i lang="nah">tonacayo</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Moxayaual,</dt>
+  <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yaualoa</i>, to wander about.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Moxocha,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#iv-4">[4]</a>. Probably a compound of <i lang="nah">moxochitl-cha-yaui</i>, to sow flowers.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Mozcaltizqui,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. From <i lang="nah">mo-izcali</i>, to resuscitate, to animate.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">N</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Nacha,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-7">[7]</a>. For <i lang="nah">nachcan</i>, there, in that place.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nacochtla,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. The ears.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nahuia,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. From <i lang="nah">naui</i>, four.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nanquilia,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-6">[6]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-3">[3]</a>. To answer.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nauaco,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-5">[5]</a>. &#8220;With (my) skill.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Naualpilli,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. &#8220;Master magician;&#8221; said by the Gloss to be a name of Tlaloc. Sahagun gives this as one of the gods of the goldsmiths (Lib. IX, cap. 18).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Naualachic,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. Skilfully; from <i lang="nah">naualchiua</i>, to do something skilfully.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nauaquia,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. Perhaps for <i lang="nah">nahuaque</i>, an epithet of divinity.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nauhxiuhtica,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. &#8220;After four years&#8221; (Molina).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ne&#231;azualcactla,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-1">[1]</a>. From the Gloss equivalent to <i lang="nah">ne&#231;aualacautla</i>, from <i lang="nah">ne&#231;aualiztli</i>, fast, fasting, and <i lang="nah">caua</i>, to leave.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nechyatetemilli,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. Reverential of <i lang="nah">temi</i>, to lie down, to fill.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Necuilia,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-2">[2]</a>. To bring some one.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nella,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. For <i lang="nah">nelli</i>, truly.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nen,</dt>
+  <dd><i class="p-o-s">adv.</i> I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. In vain, of no advantage.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nenequia,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. To oppose, to be angry with.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nenoualico,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. See <a href="#g-onoalico" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Onoalico</i></a>. <i lang="nah">Ne</i> is the impersonal, pronominal prefix.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nepaniui,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-5">[5]</a>. To join, to unite oneself to.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nepanauia,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. <i lang="nah">Nepan</i>, thither, and <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nepapan,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>. Diverse, varied.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ne-qui-macui,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-5">[5]</a>. &#8220;I take them by the hand.&#8221; Explained by the Gloss to be an archaic (<i lang="nah">chicimeca</i>) expression used in leading or guiding (in dance or song).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Niuaya,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ni-ihua-ya</i>, I sent (some one).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ni-yocoloc,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Passive preterit from <i lang="nah">yocoya</i>; <i lang="nah">yocolia</i>, to be made, composed, created.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">No.</dt>
+  <dd><span class="defli">1. Possess, pron. my, mine.</span> <span class="defli">2. Adv. also, yet.</span></dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Noca,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. Of me, my, mine.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nohuihuihuia,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. Poetic form for <i lang="nah">neuiuilia</i>, to equal some one.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nomactemi,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xiii-4">[4]</a>. <i lang="nah">No-maitl-c-temi</i>, my hand it fills, = with full hands.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nomauilia,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-4">[4]</a>. To do a thing personally.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nomiuh,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-4">[4]</a>. <i lang="nah">No-omitl</i>, my bone, point, arrow.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Nopeltzin,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. <i lang="nah">No-pilli-tzin</i>, &#8220;my revered lord.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">No-tauane,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-1">[1]</a>. Our fathers.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">No-tecua,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">nic-tecuia</i>, I tie it, I make it fast. The Gloss, <i lang="nah">amo-tecuhuan</i>, is not intelligible.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">No-teuh,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. &#8220;My god.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Noyoco,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-5">[5]</a>. Apparently for <i lang="nah">niyoco</i>, &#8220;with me alone.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Noyollo,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yollotl</i>, heart, soul, courage, etc.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">O</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Oc,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. Yet, besides this.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ocelocoatl,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. &#8220;Tiger snake.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ocoyoalle,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>. &#8220;The night pine.&#8221; Apparently a proper name.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ocutitlana,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. &#8220;Among the pine woods.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Oholopa,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>. Poetic compound of <i lang="nah">ololoa</i>, to cover, to dress, and <i lang="nah">oppa</i>, twice.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ollama,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. To play at ball; from <i lang="nah">olli</i>, a ball.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Olya,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-1">[1]</a>. A form from <i lang="nah">ololoa</i>, to cover or clothe oneself.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Omei,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ome</i>, two; the Gloss reads <i lang="nah">matlactli ome</i>, twelve.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">On,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>, <i lang="la">et s&#230;pe</i>. A particle, merely euphonic, or signifying action at a distance.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Onca,</dt>
+  <dd><i lang="la">s&#230;pe</i>. There.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-onoalico" id="g-onoalico" class="anti-link">Onoalico</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-1">[1]</a>. Proper name, derived from <i lang="nah">onoua</i>, the impersonal form of <i lang="nah">onoc</i>, and meaning &#8220;a peopled place,&#8221; a thickly inhabited spot. The terminal, <i lang="nah">co</i>, is the postposition, at.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Opuchi,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-6">[6]</a>. &#8220;Left-handed;&#8221; by the Gloss = <i lang="nah">tiacauh</i>, brave, valiant.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Oquixanimanico,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. A form in the second person plural, compounded of <i lang="nah">qui&#231;a</i> and <i lang="nah">mani</i>, &#8220;coming forth, scatter yourselves around.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Otlacatqui,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>. <i lang="nah">Ilacati</i>, to be born.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Otli,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-5">[5]</a>. Path, road.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ouayyeo,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. An interjection.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Oya,</dt>
+  <dd><i lang="la">s&#230;pe</i>. <span class="defli">1. An interjection.</span> <span class="defli">2. Preterit of <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</span></dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Oyatonac,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. For <i lang="nah">otonac</i>, from <i lang="nah">tona</i>, to shine.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Oztomecatl,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. A merchant.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">P</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Petlacalco,</dt>
+  <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">petlatl</i>, mat, <i lang="nah">calli</i>, house, and <i lang="nah">co</i>, post-position.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Peua,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-3">[3]</a>. To begin.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Picha-huazteca,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. Proper name, &#8220;The frozen Huastecs,&#8221; perhaps those living on the high Sierra, who were the nearest to the Nahuas.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Pillachiualoyan,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>. Locative from <i lang="nah">pilli-chiua</i>, to engender offspring.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Piltzintecutli,</dt>
+  <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-2">[2]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. Lord of the youths or children, <i lang="nah">piltzintli</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Pipiteca,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. Those having charge of the spies, from <i lang="nah">pipia</i>, to spy.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Pipitla,</dt>
+  <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-2">[2]</a>. Reduplicated locative from <i lang="nah">pilli</i>, a child.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Pinauhtia,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-1">[1]</a>. To make ashamed.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Pinauia,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>; III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. To affront, to put to shame; to censure, to blame.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Poliuiz,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">poloa</i>, to destroy.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-pomaya" id="g-pomaya" class="anti-link">Pomaya</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>; XI, <a href="#xi-1">[1]</a>. Apparently for <i lang="nah">panauia</i>, to conquer.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Potocaya,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#xiii-7">[7]</a>. <i lang="nah">Potli</i>, companion.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Potonia,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-10">[10]</a>. To be liberal, to give equally or freely; to adorn with feathers.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Poyauhtla,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. Among the fogs, from <i lang="nah">poctli</i>, smoke, fog, mist; <i lang="nah">atl</i>, water.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Pupuxotiuh,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. A gerundive form from <i lang="nah">popoxoa</i>, to till, to work the soil; here used figuratively.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">Q</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Quacuillo,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">qua</i>, to eat.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quatonalla,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-1">[1]</a>. &#8220;Head bright,&#8221; the helmet on the head.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quaui,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. A shortened form of <i lang="nah">quauiuitl</i>, in the same verse; compound of <i lang="nah">quauhtli</i>, eagle, <i lang="nah">iuitl</i>, feather; a decoration explained in the Gloss, usually called the <i lang="nah">quauhtzontli</i>, eagle crest.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quauinochitla,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. &#8220;Among the tuna trees.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quauiquemitl,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">quauhtli</i>, eagle, <i lang="nah">quemitl</i>, clothing, garb.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quechol,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. A bird.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quentia,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. To dress oneself.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quetl,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">quetza</i>, to rise, to come out of or from. See <a href="#g-iii-7" class="glossarytext">Gloss to III, 7</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quetza,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. To arise from.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quetzalaueuetl,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. Of <i lang="nah">quetzal</i>, beautiful, and <i lang="nah">aueuetl</i>, the water cypress, fig. chief, lord.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quetzalcalla,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. &#8220;The house of the quetzal,&#8221; beautiful as the quetzal bird. Explained in the <a href="#iii-g" class="glossarytext">Gloss</a> to be the Place of Joy.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quetzalcoatli,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-3">[3]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. Proper name.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quetzalcocox,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-6">[6]</a>; VIII, <a href="#viii-n">[7]</a>. The pheasant.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Queyamica,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. For <i lang="nah">quenamican</i>, how there?</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Queyanoca,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. According to the Gloss, equivalent to <i lang="nah">onoca</i>, from <i lang="nah">onoc</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quiauiteteu,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-6">[6]</a>. Rain gods; <i lang="nah">quiauitl</i>, rain; <i lang="nah">teteu</i>, plural of <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, god.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-quilaztla" id="g-quilaztla" class="anti-link">Quilaztla</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. For Quilaztli, another name of Cihuacoatl.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quilazteutl,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-2">[2]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-quilaztla" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Quilaztla</i></a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quinexaqui,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. Explained by the Gloss by <i lang="nah">oniualleuac</i>, I came quickly (<i lang="nah">eua</i>, in composition, signifies precipitation). Hence it is a form from <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, <i lang="nah">yaqui</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Quiyauatla,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-6">[6]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">quiauitl</i>, rain.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">T</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Tamoanchan,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, etc. &#8220;We seek our home,&#8221; a name applied to the Earthly Paradise. See <a href="#tamoanchan-29" class="glossarytext">p. 29</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teacuitlaquemitl,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. Golden garb.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teca,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. To spread out, especially of liquids.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tecpanteutl,</dt>
+  <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xvii-4">[4]</a>. &#8220;Palace god.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teicnellili,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. A benefit, an advantage.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teizcaltequetl,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. That which gives wisdom and life. &#8220;<span lang="nah">Teizcali</span>, <span lang="es">cosa que da doctrina, y aviva, y da entendimiento</span>&#8221; (Molina).</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Telipuchtla,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">telpochtli</i>, a youth.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Temacouia,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">temaca</i>, to give, to deliver into the hands of.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Temoquetl,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. From <i lang="nah">temoa</i>, to seek, <i lang="nah">quiza</i>, to go forth.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tenamitl,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. The wall of a city; hence, a town or city.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tepanecatl,</dt>
+  <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-3">[3]</a>. &#8220;Dweller in the palace.&#8221; A proper name.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tepanquizqui,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. A substitute, one who represents another.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tepetitlan,</dt>
+  <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. &#8220;Among the mountains.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tepeuh,</dt>
+  <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">peua</i>, to begin.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tepeyocpa,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tepetl</i>, <i lang="nah">pan</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tequiua,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>; V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>, From <i lang="nah">tequiutl</i>, task, labor, but explained by the Gloss as equivalent to <i lang="nah">tepeua</i>, to overthrow, to conquer.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tetemoya,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. Frequentative from <i lang="nah">temo</i>, to descend, to come down, <i lang="nah">tetemo</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tetoma,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">toma</i>, to open, to send forth, to let loose.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tezauhpilla,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. &#8220;Master of fear.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tetzauiztli,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. An object which causes fear. A name of Huitzilopochtli. See Tezozomoc, <i class="title" lang="es">Cronica Mexicana</i>, cap. VI.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teuaqui,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, god, <i lang="nah">aqui</i>, to enter, to penetrate.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teucontlipaca,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-5">[5]</a>. Explained by the Gloss as <i lang="nah">teucumitl icpac</i>, upon the thorn bush <i lang="nah">teocumitl</i>, espina grande, Molina). But I should think it to be a compound of <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, <i lang="nah">conetl</i>, <i lang="nah">icpac</i>, &#8220;upon the son of the goddess.&#8221; The son of Teteunan was especially Centeotl, god of maize.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teueuel,</dt>
+  <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. Poetic from <i lang="nah">ueue</i>, the ancients, the elders.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teumechaue,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#iv-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#iv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#iv-4">[4]</a>; VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. Perhaps from <i lang="nah">teo-ome-chayaue</i>, &#8220;the twice divine seed-thrower,&#8221; or <i lang="nah">teometl-chayaue</i>, the planter of the divine maguey.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teumilco,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, <i lang="nah">milli</i>, <i lang="nah">co</i>, &#8220;in the divine cornfield,&#8221; fig. reference to the battlefield.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teutiualcoya,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. The Gloss reads <i lang="nah">teuitualcoya</i>, from <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, god, <i lang="nah">ittualo</i>, passive of <i lang="nah">itta</i>, to see.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teu-tlaneuiloc,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. Explained by the Gloss as equivalent to <i lang="nah">onetlanauiloc</i>, an impersonal, passive, preterit, from <i lang="nah">naua</i>, &#8220;it was danced.&#8221; The peculiar sacred dance called <i lang="nah">tlanaua</i>, performed by young girls, is described by Sahagun, Lib. II, cap. 24.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teutlalipan,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-8">[8]</a>. In the divine earth.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Teyomi,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">teyo</i>, esteemed, honored.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tezcatlipuca,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. Proper name of a divinity.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tezcatzintli,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. Proper name from <i lang="nah">tezcatl</i>, mirror.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tezcatzonco,</dt>
+  <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-3">[3]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. Apparently the name of a part of the temple.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tianquiz,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. The market place.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ti&#231;atl,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. Chalk; fig., model, pattern.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Timalla,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-4">[4]</a>. Form of <i lang="nah">timalloa</i>, to swell, to increase; fig., to rejoice, to glorify oneself.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlacaluaz,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tlacaluaztli</i>, a blow-pipe.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlacati,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tlacatl</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlacatl,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>; XIII, <a href="#xiii-7">[7]</a>. Mortal, creature, person.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tla&#231;az,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tla&#231;a</i>, to overturn.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlachco,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-10">[10]</a>. The place of the ball play.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlachinaya,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tlachia</i>, to see.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlachtli,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-6">[6]</a>. The ball.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlacochcalco,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>; X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tlacochtli</i>, arrow, or generally, weapon, <i lang="nah">calli</i>, house, <i lang="nah">co</i>, post-position, in &#8220;the hall of weapons,&#8221; or arsenal. It was a room in that part of the temple dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, and was filled with arrows, spears, etc. Sahagun, Lib. VIII, cap. 32.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tla&#231;olteutla,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-2">[2]</a>. Name of a Mexican goddess.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlacoyoalle,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-1">[1]</a>. At midnight.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlacyaniuitza,</dt>
+  <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-1">[1]</a>. Probably for <i lang="nah">tlayauani ni-huitz</i>, I come dancing, as a dancer.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlaixtotoca,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-3">[3]</a>. <i lang="nah">Ixtotoca</i>, to search for.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlalli,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-10">[10]</a>. To place oneself; earth, ground.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlalocan,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-5">[5]</a>; XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>. The home of Tlaloc. See p. 25.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlaloc tlamacazque,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#viii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#viii-6">[6]</a>. &#8220;Dispensers of the benefits of Tlaloc&#8221;; the name applied to the priests of this divinity.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlalpa,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tlalli</i>, earth, and <i lang="nah">pan</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlaltecutli,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. <i lang="nah">Tlalli</i>, <i lang="nah">tecutli</i>; lord of the earth or land.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlamacazecatlo,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tlamacaztecatl</i>, one concerned with the priestly office.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlamocoyoualca,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. Apparently from <i lang="nah">tlamaca</i>, to serve.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-tlani" id="g-tlani" class="anti-link">Tlani</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. Below; <i lang="nah">i-tlani</i>, below it.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlanuati,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#viii-4">[4]</a>. To send.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlapani,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-2">[2]</a>. To break.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlapitza,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. A flute.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlapoalli,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. To number, to reckon.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlapomaya,</dt>
+  <dd><i class="directive">see</i> <a href="#g-pomaya" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Pomaya</i></a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlaquaua,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. To make strong, or hard.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlatia,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. <span class="defli">1. To hide oneself.</span> <span class="defli">2. To burn oneself.</span></dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlatoa,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. To sing, to chant, to speak.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlatol,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tlatolli</i>, speech, discourses, prayers.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlatonazqui,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tona</i>, to shine.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlauana,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. To drink wine (<i lang="nah">octli</i>),</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlauia,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. To appear red or shining.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlauizcalle,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. Master of the house of the dawn. The terminal <i>&#234;</i> signifies an active possessive.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlayauican,</dt>
+  <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-1">[1]</a>. The dancing-place; from <i lang="nah">tlayaua</i>, to dance in a certain manner.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tlaxotecatl teuhtla,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-tlaxotla" class="glossarytext">Tlaxotla</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-tlaxotla" id="g-tlaxotla" class="anti-link">Tlaxotla</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. Passive form from <i lang="nah">tla&#231;a</i>, to hurl, to throw. Huitzilopochtli was specifically &#8220;the hurler.&#8221; <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-n" class="glossarytext">Notes to Hymn I</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">To&#231;iquemitl,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">to-citli-quemitl</i>, vestment of our ancestress.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tocniuaya,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-1">[1]</a>. <i lang="nah">To-icniuh</i>, our friend.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tocuilitla,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-tocuilechcatl" class="glossarytext">Tocuilechcatl</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">To&#231;iuitica,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-10">[10]</a>. From <i lang="nah">to-citli-yuitl</i>, with adverbial ending; &#8220;in the feather garb of our ancestors.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-tocuilechcatl" id="g-tocuilechcatl" class="anti-link">Tocuilechcatl</a>,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. <i lang="nah">To</i>, our, <i lang="nah">cuilia</i>, to paint, adorn; &#8220;our adornment.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">To-naca,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. &#8220;Our flesh.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tonanaya,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. Reduplicated for <i lang="nah">tonaya</i>, to shine forth.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tonaqui,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. A form from <i lang="nah">tona</i>, to shine.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tonana,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>. &#8220;Our mother;&#8221; <i lang="nah">nantli</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Topaniaz,</dt>
+  <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-2">[2]</a>. The Gloss reads more correctly, <i lang="nah">no umpa niaz</i>, &#8220;also there I shall go.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Totoch,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>; XVII, <a href="#xvii-h">[title]</a>. <i lang="nah">Tochtli</i>, a rabbit; the name of a god of wine; also, of a day of the week.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Toyauan,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. <i lang="nah">To-yauan</i>, our enemies. (<i class="directive">See</i> Olmos. <i class="title">Gram.</i>, p. 25.)</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tozquiuaua,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tozquitl</i>, voice.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tzioac,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tzioactli</i>, a sacred tree; here apparently fig. for a sacred person.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tzioactitlan,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-2">[2]</a>. &#8220;In the tzihuac bushes;&#8221; the tzihuac was a kind of maguey of a sacred character. <i class="directive">See</i> my <i class="title">Ancient Nahuatl Poetry</i>, p. 140.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tziuaquimiuh,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-3">[3]</a>. &#8220;My havresac made of tzihuac fibres.&#8221;</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tzocotzontla,</dt>
+  <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tzocoton</i>, little, <i lang="nah">tzontli</i>, hair.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tzonimolco,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-1">[1]</a>. &#8220;Where the hair spreads abroad.&#8221; The name of the hall sacred to the god of fire in the temple. The expression refers figuratively to the flames blazing upwards like hair from a head.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Tzotzonia,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. To play on an instrument.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">U</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Ualitla,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. Comp. of <i lang="nah">uallauh</i> and <i lang="nah">itla</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ualla&#231;ic,</dt>
+  <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">uallauh</i>, to come, and <i lang="nah">acic</i>, which adds the sense of approaching near.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ualmeua,</dt>
+  <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-3">[3]</a>. To cry lustily.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ueca,</dt>
+  <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. Far.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Uel, or Huel, <span class="p-o-s">adv.</span>,</dt>
+  <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>. Well.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Uelmatia,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. To appear well, to be well.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ueponi,</dt>
+  <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. <i lang="nah">Uepollotl</i>, kin, relations.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Uexcaitoa,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. To offer harm, to curse.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Uicacapa,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. Towards, to.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Uitzalochpan,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. Compound of <i lang="nah">huitz</i>, to come, and <i lang="nah">tlaloa</i>, to run.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Uitzetla,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">uitzlan</i>, in at the south, or the place of thorns.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Uitznauac,</dt>
+  <dd>II, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>. For Huitznauac. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#ii-n" class="glossarytext">Notes to Hymn II</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Uitztla,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>. According to the <a href="#xiii-g-4" class="glossarytext">Gloss to v. 4</a>, this is a poetic form for <i lang="nah">uictli</i>, a hoe, the native agricultural implement.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<h2 class="glosslet">X</h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt lang="nah">Xamontoca,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. <i lang="nah">Xi-am-on-itta</i>, from <i lang="nah">itta</i>, to look, to see. Compare the <a href="#iv-g" class="glossarytext">Gloss</a>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xatenonotza,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-6">[6]</a>. For <i lang="nah">xi-tenonotza</i>, call ye upon, pray ye to.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xayaualli,</dt>
+  <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-8">[8]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xayaua</i>, to adorn oneself in the ancient manner.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xeliui,</dt>
+  <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-4">[4]</a>. To split, to divide.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ximocaya,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. Rendered by the Gloss as equivalent to <i lang="nah">ximoayan</i>, the Paradise of Souls; <i class="directive">see</i> my <i class="title">Ancient Nahuatl Poetry</i>, p. 132.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Ximi&#231;otica,</dt>
+  <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xvi-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">i&#231;a</i>, to wake up, awake.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xiuh,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-8">[8]</a>. Green; grass.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xiuacalco,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xiuh</i>, <i lang="nah">calli</i>, <i lang="nah">co</i>, in the green house; the <a href="#iii-g" class="glossarytext">Gloss</a> explains it by <i lang="nah">acxoyacalco</i>, &#8220;in the house of the wild laurel,&#8221; or decorated with wild laurel, a plant probably sacred to Tlaloc.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xiuicoatl,</dt>
+  <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. Grass snake, or green snake. From <i lang="nah">xiuitl</i>, <i lang="nah">coatl</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xiyanouia,</dt>
+  <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. Imperative from <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xochinquauitl,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. The flower-tree.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xochiquetzal,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. Proper name of a deity.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xochitla,</dt>
+  <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, etc. Flowers, place of, or abundance of. From <i lang="nah">xochitl</i>.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xochitlicacan,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>. The place of flowers.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xoconoctli,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xocotl</i>, fruit, apple.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xocoyeua,</dt>
+  <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xococtl</i>, fruit.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xolotl,</dt>
+  <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. A servant, a page.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xoyauia,</dt>
+  <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xoyaui</i>, to begrime, to spoil; <i lang="nah">xoyauian</i>, the place of blackness, or of decay.</dd>
+<dt lang="nah">Xoxolcuicatl,</dt>
+  <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xolotl</i>, servant, page, and <i lang="nah">cuicatl</i>, song.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+
+
+<h1><a name="index" id="index">Index.</a></h1>
+
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Abundance, the fabled house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Amanteca,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Amantlan; a quarter of the city of Tenochtitlan,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Amimitl, the god:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#x-h">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-4b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Ancient god, the, a name of the god of fire,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>&#8220;Ancient Nahuatl Poetry,&#8221; quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-6-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-a-6-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Arrows:<ol class="index">
+<li>the house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-7a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-7b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Artists, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-8-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Atlaua, the god:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xviii-h">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>signification of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xviii-n">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Auroras, the four,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-10-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Ayopechtli <i class="structural">or</i> Ayopechcatl, a goddess:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xii-h">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-11b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Aztec:<ol class="index">
+<li>Mythology, Paradise of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-12a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#tamoanchan-29">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>nation, wars of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-12b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Ball, the game of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-b-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-b-1-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-b-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Bread and water, fasting on,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-b-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Bustamente, his edition of Sahagun&#8217;s <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-b-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Cardinal points as symbols,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Chalchiucihuatl, a name of the goddess Chicomecoatl,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Chalmecatl, name of a deity,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Chichimecs, an ancient tribe,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-4-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-4-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Chicomecoatl, the goddess:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvi">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-5b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-5b-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>her names,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvi-n">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Chicomolotl, a name of the goddess Chicomecoatl,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Chicomoztoc, the &#8220;seven caves,&#8221;<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-7-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li><a name="i-childbirth" id="i-childbirth" class="anti-link">Childbirth</a>, goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-8-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#xii-t">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-a-11b-1">[C]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Chimalman, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-9-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Chimalipan, the virgin-mother,<span class="iref"> <a href="#v">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Cholula or Chollolan, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-11-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-11-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Cihuacoatl, the goddess:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xiii">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xiii-n">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Cinteotl or Centeotl, the god,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-13-1">[A]</a>.</span><ol class="index">
+<li>his birthplace,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xiv-t">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-13b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Cipactonalli, a fabled personage,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-14-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Clavigero, quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-15-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Coatepec, the sacred serpent mountain,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-16-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Codex Ramir&#232;z, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-17-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Codex Telleriano-Remensis, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-18-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-18-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Codex Vaticanus, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-19-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Colhuacan:<ol class="index">
+<li>first King of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-20a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>derivation of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-20b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>reference to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvii-2">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-20c-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-c-20c-3">[C]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Colors, symbolism of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-21-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-21-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Cuauhtitlan, the Annals of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-22-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-22-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Cuezaltzin, a name of the god of fire,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-23-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Dance:<ol class="index">
+<li>the jar,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-1a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>of the &#8220;four auroras,&#8221;<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-10-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Death-song, a,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Drum, use of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Drum-beating, goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Drunkenness, deities of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ill4">[A]</a>, <a href="#ill4">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Duran, Diego, quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-6-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-4">[D]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-5">[E]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-6">[F]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-7">[G]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Eagle&#8217;s crest, as ornament,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Earth:<ol class="index">
+<li>goddess of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-2a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>heart of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-2b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Eight, as a sacred number,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Emerald, the Lady of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Feathers:<ol class="index">
+<li>as ornaments,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-1a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>symbol of the spirit,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-1b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Fertility, genius of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-2-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-2-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Fire, the Mexican god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Fire-stick, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Fish-spear, god of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>&#8220;Five flowers,&#8221; the, a plant,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-6-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-6-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Flames, the Hall of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-7-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Flowers:<ol class="index">
+<li>the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-8a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-8a-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>plumage of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-8b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>as symbols,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-8c-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-8c-2">[B]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Food, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-5b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Four, as sacred number,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-10-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-10-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-f-10-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-f-10-4">[D]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Gods:<ol class="index">
+<li>mother of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iv-t">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>home of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-g-1b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-g-1b-2">[B]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Green corn, goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-g-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Guadalupe, Our Lady of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-g-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Hair, as a symbol of flames,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Heads, serpent of seven,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Hearts of victims torn out,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Hieroglyphic books, native,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Huasteca, a tribe,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Huehueteotl, a name of the god of fire,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li><a name="i-huitzilopochtli" id="i-huitzilopochtli" class="anti-link">Huitzilopochtli</a>:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>description of his idol,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-7c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>festival of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-7d-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>temple of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-7e-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>mother of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-7f-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li><a name="i-huitznahuac-may_be-huitznabruac" id="i-huitznahuac-may_be-huitznabruac" class="anti-link">Huitznahuac:</a><ol class="index">
+<li>war song of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ii-t">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>brother of Huitzilopochtli,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-8b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Hurler, the; epithet applied to Huitzilopochtli,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-9-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Ichpochtli, the virgin goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Illustrations, colored,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Inquisition, action on Sahagun&#8217;s Historia,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Intoxicating drink, the gods of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ill4">[A]</a>, <a href="#xvii-n">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Itzpapalotl, a goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Ixco&#231;auhqui, the god of fire, hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#vi">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Jade, ornaments of, mentioned,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-j-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Jourdanet, Dr., his translation of Sahagun&#8217;s <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-j-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Kingsborough, Lord:<ol class="index">
+<li>his edition of Sahagun&#8217;s <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-k-1a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-k-1a-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>his <i class="title">Mexican Antiquities</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-k-1b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Lightning, as a serpent,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-l-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-l-1-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Lying-in, goddesses of. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-childbirth" class="indextext">Childbirth</a>.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Macuilxochitl:<ol class="index">
+<li>name of a deity,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-1a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xix">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Maguey, brought from Paradise,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Maize:<ol class="index">
+<li>the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-3a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-g-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Maya tribes in Mexico,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Mazateca, a certain tribe or caste,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Merchants, the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Mexicans, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-7-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Mexicans, poetry of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-8-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-a-6-1">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Mexico, ancient,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iii-t">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Mimixcoa. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-mixcoatl" class="indextext">Mixcoatl</a>.</li>
+<li>Mirror, the use of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-10-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Mist, the house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-11-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li><a name="i-mixcoatl" id="i-mixcoatl" class="anti-link">Mixcoatl</a>, the god:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#vii">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-12b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-m-12b-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>hill of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-12c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Mixcoatepec, mountain so called,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-12c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li><table class="bracketer">
+<tr><td>Mixteca</td><td rowspan="2" id="mixteca-table-bracket">}</td><td rowspan="2" class="colon">:</td><td rowspan="2">a nation,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-14-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-m-14-2">[B]</a>.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Mixtecatl</td></tr>
+</table></li>
+<li>Mixtecapan, a locality,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-15-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Mother of the gods,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iv-t">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-m-16-2">[B]</a>.</span><ol class="index">
+<li>&#8220;our mother,&#8221;<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-16a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>the virgin,<span class="iref"> <a href="#v">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Nahua, the, as tribal name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Nahuatl language, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-2-1">[A]</a>.</span><ol class="index">
+<li>MSS.,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-2a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Naualpilli, &#8220;noble magician,&#8221; a name of Tlaloc,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Night, the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xv-t">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-n-4-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Nonoalco, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>&#8220;Obsidian butterfly,&#8221; a kind of ornament,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Olmos, quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Opochtli, the god of netmakers,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Otomis, the tribe so-called,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-4-1">[A]</a>.</span><ol class="index">
+<li>war song of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xi-n">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Otontecutli, the god:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xi">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-5b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Paradise, the terrestrial,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-12a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-m-2-1">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-p-1-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-p-1-4">[D]</a>, <a href="#i-p-1-5">[E]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Paynal, the god,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Parturition, goddess of. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-childbirth" class="indextext">Childbirth</a>.</li>
+<li>Picha-Huasteca, a tribe,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-3-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-h-5-1">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Pipitlan, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Pipiteca, a nomen gentile,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Poetry, ancient Mexican,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-8-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-a-6-1">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-a-6-2">[C]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Pulque, the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-7-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Quechol bird, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Quetzal bird, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-2-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-q-2-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Quetzalcoatl:<ol class="index">
+<li>priests adopt his garb,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-3a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>as speaker,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-3b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-q-3b-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>his companion,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-3c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Quilaztli:<ol class="index">
+<li>name of a goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-4a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-q-4a-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>related to Atlaua,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-4b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Rain, the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-r-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Rain gods, the, the house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-r-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Reproduction, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Sacrifices, human,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-4">[D]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-5">[E]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Sahagun, Bernardino de:<ol class="index">
+<li>MS. of his <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-2a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>his remarks on the chants,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-2b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>action of Inquisition on,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-2d-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-4">[D]</a>, <a href="#i-c-8-1">[E]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-6">[F]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-7">[G]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-8">[H]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-9">[I]</a> <i lang="la">et s&#230;pe</i>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Serpent:<ol class="index">
+<li>the lightning,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-l-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-l-1-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>mountain,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-3b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>the serpent woman,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-3c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>serpent&#8217;s blood,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-3d-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>swallowing of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-3e-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>of seven heads,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Seven, as a sacred number,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Simeon, Remi, his notes to Sahagun&#8217;s <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-j-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Slaves, sacrifice of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-3">[C]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Soul, place in Aztec mythology,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-10-2">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>South, the, as origin of deities,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-8-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-s-8-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Sun-god, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-9-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Tamoanchan:<ol class="index">
+<li>its signification,<span class="iref"> <a href="#tamoanchan-29">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>the houses of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-1b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Teatlahuiani, a name of the god of the pulque,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Temple of Tenochtitlan,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-3-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-t-3-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tenochtitlan, ancient name of the city of Mexico, temple of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-3-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-t-3-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tepeyacac, temple at,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tequechmecaniani, a name of the god of drunkenness,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Teteuinan, hymn of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iv">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tezcatlipoca, the god,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-8-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tezcatzoncatl, god of the pulque,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvii">[A]</a>.</span><ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvii">[A]</a>, <a href="#xvii-t">[B]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Tezcatzontli,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-10-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Thorns, diviners with,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-11-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tlaloc, the god:<ol class="index">
+<li>song of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iii">[A]</a>, <a href="#iii-t">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-12b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-r-2-1">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-t-12b-3">[C]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iii-n">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>figure of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-12d-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Tlalocan, the terrestrial Paradise,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-13-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#tlalocan-25">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-a-12a-1">[C]</a>.</span><ol class="index">
+<li>guide to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>explained,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-13b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Tlazolteotl, the love goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-14-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>To&#231;i, our mother, a goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-15-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Toltecs, the fabulous nation of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-16-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Torquemada, quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-17-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-t-17-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-t-17-3">[C]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Totec, the god:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xv">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>a companion of Quetzalcoatl,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-3c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Totochtin, gods of intoxication,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ill4">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tochtli, the rabbit, as a god of drunkards,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-20-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tonan <i class="structural">or</i> Tonantzin, the goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-21-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-t-21-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Travelers, the deity of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-22-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tulan, the site of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-23-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Turquoises as ornaments,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-24-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Twins, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-25-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tzatzitepec, the hill of proclamation,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-26-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tziuactitlan, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-27-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Tzocatzontlan, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-28-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Uitznahuac. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-huitznahuac-may_be-huitznabruac" class="indextext">Huitznabruac</a>.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Venus impudica, the Mexican,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-v-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Vitzilopochtli. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-huitzilopochtli" class="indextext">Huitzilopochtli</a>.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>War:<ol class="index">
+<li>the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-w-1a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-w-1b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Water cypress, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-w-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Waters, master of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-w-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Woman, sacrifice of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-1-5">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Xilonen, goddess of green corn,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Xippe Totec, the god, hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xv">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Xiuhtecutli, a name of the god of fire,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Xochipilli, the god of flowers:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#viii">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-4b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>synonym,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-6-2">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+<li>Xochitlycacan, name of the earthly Paradise, its meaning,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Xochiquetzal, the goddess:<ol class="index">
+<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ix">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ix-n">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>reference to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-6c-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-x-6c-2">[B]</a>.</span></li></ol></li>
+</ol>
+
+<ol class="index">
+<li>Yacatecutli, god of travelers, hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xx">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Yoatzin, the god of night,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-y-2-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-y-2-2">[B]</a>.</span></li>
+<li>Youallauan, the nocturnal tippler, high priest of Totec,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-y-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li>
+</ol>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
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+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Rig Veda Americanus, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Rig Veda Americanus
+       Sacred Songs Of The Ancient Mexicans, With A Gloss In Nahuatl
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 9, 2005 [EBook #14993]
+
+Language: English and Nahuatl
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RIG VEDA AMERICANUS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Ben Beasley and the PG Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+LIBRARY
+OF
+ABORIGINAL AMERICAN
+LITERATURE.
+
+No. VIII.
+
+EDITED BY
+D.G. BRINTON
+
+
+[Illustration: XIPPE TOTEC, GOD OF SILVERSMITHS, IN FULL COSTUME. HYMN
+XV.]
+
+
+BRINTON'S LIBRARY OF
+ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE.
+NUMBER VIII.
+
+
+RIG VEDA AMERICANUS.
+
+
+SACRED SONGS OF THE ANCIENT MEXICANS,
+WITH A GLOSS IN NAHUATL.
+
+EDITED, WITH A PARAPHRASE, NOTES AND
+VOCABULARY,
+
+BY
+DANIEL G. BRINTON
+
+1890
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+In accordance with the general object of this series of volumes--which
+is to furnish materials for study rather than to offer completed
+studies--I have prepared for this number the text of the most ancient
+authentic record of American religious lore. From its antiquity and
+character, I have ventured to call this little collection the RIG VEDA
+AMERICANUS, after the similar cyclus of sacred hymns, which are the most
+venerable product of the Aryan mind.
+
+As for my attempted translation of these mystic chants I offer it with
+the utmost reserve. It would be the height of temerity in me to pretend
+to have overcome difficulties which one so familiar with the ancient
+Nahuatl as Father Sahagun intimated were beyond his powers. All that I
+hope to have achieved is, by the aid of the Gloss--and not always in
+conformity to its suggestions--to give a general idea of the sense and
+purport of the originals.
+
+The desirability of preserving and publishing these texts seems to me to
+be manifest. They reveal to us the undoubtedly authentic spirit of the
+ancient religion; they show us the language in its most archaic form;
+they preserve references to various mythical cycli of importance to the
+historian; and they illustrate the alterations in the spoken tongue
+adopted in the esoteric dialect of the priesthood. Such considerations
+will, I trust, attract the attention of scholars to these fragments of a
+lost literature.
+
+In the appended Vocabulary I have inserted only those words and
+expressions for which I can suggest correct--or, at least,
+probable--renderings. Others will have to be left to future
+investigators.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+Preface
+
+Introduction
+
+    I. Hymn of Huitzilopochtli
+
+   II. War Song of the Huitznahuac
+
+  III. Hymn of Tlaloc
+
+   IV. Hymn to the All-Mother
+
+    V. Hymn to the Virgin Mother
+
+   VI. Hymn to the God of Fire
+
+  VII. Hymn of Mixcoatl
+
+ VIII. Hymn to the God of Flowers
+
+   IX. Hymn to the Goddess of Artists
+
+    X. Hymn to the God of Fishing
+
+   XI. Hymn of the Otomi Leader
+
+  XII. Hymn to the Goddess of Childbirth
+
+ XIII. Hymn to the Mother of Mortals
+
+  XIV. Hymn Sung at a Fast every Eight Years
+
+   XV. Hymn to a Night God
+
+  XVI. Hymn to the Goddess of Food
+
+ XVII. Hymn to the Gods of Wine
+
+XVIII. Hymn to the Master of Waters
+
+  XIX. Hymn to the God of Flowers
+
+   XX. Hymn to the God of Merchants
+
+Glossary
+
+Index
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+
+Xippe Totec, God of Silversmiths, in Full Costume, Frontispiece
+
+Priest of Xippe Totec, Drinking and Playing on a Drum, Hymn XV
+
+Chicomecoatl, Goddess of Food and Drink, Hymn XVI
+
+Totochtin, the Rabbits, Gods of the Drunkards, Hymn XVII
+
+Atlaua, Singing and Dancing, Hymn XVIII
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+As in a previous number of the Library of Aboriginal American Literature
+I have discussed in detail the character of the ancient Mexican poetry,
+I shall confine myself at present to the history of the present
+collection. We owe its preservation to the untiring industry of Father
+Bernardino de Sahagun, one of the earliest missionaries to Mexico, and
+the author of by far the most important work on the religion, manners
+and customs of the ancient Mexicans.
+
+By long residence and close application Sahagun acquired a complete
+mastery of the Nahuatl tongue. He composed his celebrated _Historia de
+las Cosas de la Nueva Espana_ primarily in the native language, and from
+this original wrote out a Spanish translation, in some parts
+considerably abbreviated. This incomplete reproduction is that which was
+published in Spanish by Lord Kingsborough and Bustamente, and in a
+French rendering with useful notes by Dr. Jourdanet and M. Remi Simeon.
+
+So far as I know, the only complete copy of the Nahuatl original now in
+existence is that preserved in the Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana in
+Florence, where I examined it in April, 1889. It is a most elaborate and
+beautiful MS., in three large volumes, containing thirteen hundred and
+seventy-eight illustrations, carefully drawn by hand, mostly colored,
+illustrative of the native mythology, history, arts and usages, besides
+many elaborate head and tail pieces to the chapters.
+
+There is another Nahuatl MS. of Sahagun's history in the private
+library of the King of Spain at Madrid, which I examined in May, 1888,
+and of which I published a collation in the _Memoires de la Societe
+Internationale des Americanistes_, for that year. It is incomplete,
+embracing only the first six books of the _Historia_, and should be
+considered merely as a _borrador_ or preliminary sketch for the
+Florentine copy. It contains, however, a certain amount of material not
+included in the latter, and has been peculiarly useful to me in the
+preparation of the present volume, as not only affording another reading
+of the text, valuable for comparison, but as furnishing a gloss or
+Nahuatl paraphrase of most of the hymns, which does not appear in the
+Florentine MS. As evidently the older of the two, I have adopted the
+readings of the Madrid MS. as my text, and given the variants of the
+Florentine MS. at the end of each hymn.
+
+Neither MS. attempts any translation of the hymns. That at Madrid has no
+Spanish comment whatever, while that at Florence places opposite the
+hymns the following remarks, which are also found in the printed copies,
+near the close of the Appendix of the Second Book of the _Historia_:--
+
+"It is an old trick of our enemy the Devil to try to conceal himself in
+order the better to compass his ends, in accordance with the words of
+the Gospel, 'He whose deeds are evil, shuns the light.' Also on earth
+this enemy of ours has provided himself with a dense wood and a ground,
+rough and filled with abysses, there to prepare his wiles and to escape
+pursuit, as do wild beasts and venomous serpents. This wood and these
+abysses are the songs which he has inspired for his service to be sung
+in his honor within the temples and outside of them; for they are so
+artfully composed that they say what they will, but disclose only what
+the Devil commands, not being rightly understood except by those to whom
+they are addressed. It is, in fact, well recognized that the cave, wood
+or abysses in which this cursed enemy hides himself, are these songs or
+chants which he himself composed, and which are sung to him without
+being understood except by those who are acquainted with this sort of
+language. The consequence is that they sing what they please, war or
+peace, praise to the Devil or contempt for Christ, and they cannot in
+the least be understood by other men."
+
+Lord Kingsborough says in a note in his voluminous work on the
+_Antiquities of Mexico_ that this portion of Sahagun's text was
+destroyed by order of the Inquisition, and that there was a memorandum
+to that effect in the Spanish original in the noble writer's possession.
+This could scarcely have referred to a translation of the hymns, for
+none such exists in any MS. I have consulted, or heard of; and Sahagun
+intimates in the passage quoted above that he had made none, on account
+of the obscurity of the diction. Neither does any appear in the
+Florentine MS., where the text of the hymns is given in full, although
+the explanatory Gloss is omitted. This last-mentioned fact has prevented
+me from correcting the text of the Gloss, which in some passages is
+manifestly erroneous; but I have confined myself to reproducing it
+strictly according to the original MS., leaving its correction to those
+who will make use of it.
+
+The Florentine MS. has five colored illustrations of the divinities, or
+their symbols, which are spoken of in the chants. These are probably
+copied from the native hieroglyphic books in which, as we learn from
+Sahagun, such ancient songs were preserved and transmitted. These
+illustrations I had copied with scrupulous fidelity and reproduced by
+one of the photographic processes, for the present work.
+
+Such is the history of this curious document, and with this brief
+introduction I submit it to those who will have the patience and skill
+to unravel its manifold difficulties.
+
+
+
+
+RIG VEDA AMERICANA
+
+
+
+
+I. _Vitzilopochtli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Vitzilopuchi, yaquetlaya, yyaconay, ynohuihuihuia: anenicuic,
+tociquemitla, yya, ayya, yya y ya uia, queyanoca, oya tonaqui, yyaya,
+yya, yya.
+
+  2. Tetzauiztli ya mixtecatl, ce ymocxi pichauaztecatla pomaya,
+ouayyeo, ayyayya.
+
+  3. Ay tlaxotla tenamitl yuitli macoc mupupuxotiuh, yautlatoa ya,
+ayyayyo, noteuh aya tepanquizqui mitoaya.
+
+  4. Oya yeua uel mamauia, in tlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya,
+itlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya.
+
+  5. Amanteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia ycalipan yauhtiua,
+xinechoncentlalizqui.
+
+  6. Pipiteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia: ycalipan, yautiua,
+xinechoncentlalizqui.
+
+_Var._ 6. This verse is omitted in the Medicean MS.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. In ivitzilopochtli ayac nouiui, _id est_, ayac nechneneuilia, ayac
+iuhqui, in iuhqui. Anenicuic, _id est_, amo ca nen nonicuic, in
+quetzali, in chalchihuitl in ixquich ynotlatqui, tociquemitl. Queyanoca
+oya tonaqui, _id est_, onocatonat, onocatlatuit.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, tetzauiztli, _id est_, oquintetzauito, in mixteca inic
+oquiyaochiuhqui: oquimanilito in imicxi in pichauazteca, ioan in
+mixteca.
+
+  3. Ay tlaxotla tenamitl, _q.n._, quitepeua inin tena in aquique
+yauchiuallo. Iuitli macoc, _q.n._, oncan quitema in ticatl in ihuitl.
+Mopopuxotiuh yauhtlatuaya, _q.n._, inic mopopuxoticalaqui yauc, ioan,
+_q.n._, yeuatl quitemaca y yauyutl quitemaceualtia, tepanquizqui,
+mitoayaqui yehuatl quichioa yauyutl.
+
+  4. Oya yeua huel mamauia, _q.n._, can oc momamauhtiaya in aya
+momochiua yauyutl. Teuhtla milacatzoaya _q.n._, in noteuh in opeuh
+yauyutl, aocac momauhtica iniquac ynoteuhtli moquetza ynoteuhtica
+tlayoa(lli).
+
+  5. Amanteca toyauan, _q.n._, yn iyaoan yn aquique in cani
+omocentlalique ca in calipan in yautioa ca tlatlaz ynin cal.
+
+  6. Pipiteca, toyaoan, xinechoncentlalizque, _q.n._, in pipiteca y
+yaoan mochiuhque. Yn calla in mochiua yauyutl in i calipan.
+
+
+_Translation._
+
+_The Hymn of Huitzilopochtli._
+
+  1. Huitzilopochtli is first in rank, no one, no one is like unto him:
+not vainly do I sing (his praises) coming forth in the garb of our
+ancestors; I shine; I glitter.
+
+  2. He is a terror to the Mixteca; he alone destroyed the
+Picha-Huasteca, he conquered them.
+
+  3. The Dart-Hurler is an example to the city, as he sets to work. He
+who commands in battle is called the representative of my God.
+
+  4. When he shouts aloud he inspires great terror, the divine hurler,
+the god turning himself in the combat, the divine hurler, the god
+turning himself in the combat.
+
+  5. Amanteca, gather yourselves together with me in the house of war
+against your enemies, gather yourselves together with me.
+
+  6. Pipiteca, gather yourselves together with me in the house of war
+against your enemies, gather yourselves together with me.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+Huitzilopochtli was the well-known war-god of the Azteca, whose
+functions are described by Sahagun (_Historia_, Lib. I., cap. 1) and
+many other writers. The hymn here given is probably the _tlaxotecuyotl_,
+which was chanted at the celebration of his feast in the fifteenth month
+of the Mexican calendar (see Sahagun, _Historia_, Lib. II., cap. 34).
+The word means "his glory be established." It was commenced at sunset
+and repeated till sunrise.
+
+  1. "In the garb of our ancestors" (_to-citli-quemitl_). The high
+priest appeared in the insignia of Quetzalcoatl, which, says Sahagun,
+"were very gorgeous." (_Hist._, Lib. II., Appendix.)
+
+  2. Mixteca, plural of Mixtecatl, an inhabitant of Mixtecapan, near the
+Pacific. The Huasteca, a nation of Maya lineage, lived on the Gulf
+coast.
+
+  3. The god was called the Hurler, as he was believed to hurl the
+lightning serpent (the _xiuhcoatl_).
+
+  5. Sahagun recites the legends about the Amanteca (_Historia_, Lib.
+IX., cap. 18). Here the name refers to the inhabitants of the quarter
+called Amantlan.
+
+  6. _Pipiteca_, a _nomen gentile_, referring doubtless to a certain
+class of the hearers.
+
+This hymn may be compared to another, descriptive of the same divinity,
+preserved in Sahagun's MS. in Madrid. It is as follows, with my
+translation by its side.
+
+Vitzilopuchtli                     Huitzilopochtli,
+
+Can maceualli                      Only a subject,
+
+Can tlacatl catca.                 Only a mortal was.
+
+Naualli                            A magician,
+
+Tetzauitl                          A terror,
+
+Atlacacemelle                      A stirrer of strife,
+
+Teixcuepani                        A deceiver,
+
+Quiyocoyani in yaoyotl             A maker of war,
+
+Yautecani                          An arranger of battles,
+
+Yautlatoani;                       A lord of battles;
+
+Ca itechpa mitoaya                 And of him it was said
+
+Tepan quitlaza                     That he hurled
+
+In xiuhcoatl                       His flaming serpent,
+
+Immamalhuaztli                     His fire stick;
+
+Quitoznequi yaoyotl                Which means war,
+
+Teoatl tlachinolli.                Blood and burning;
+
+Auh iniquac ilhuiq'xtililoya       And when his festival was celebrated,
+
+Malmicouaya                        Captives were slain,
+
+Tlaaltilmicoaya                    Washed slaves were slain,
+
+Tealtilaya impochteca.             The merchants washed them.
+
+Auh inic mochichiuaya:             And thus he was arrayed:
+
+Xiuhtotonacoche catca              With head-dress of green feathers,
+
+Xiuhcoanauale                      Holding his serpent torch,
+
+Xiuhtlalpile                       Girded with a belt,
+
+Matacaxe                           Bracelets upon his arms,
+
+Tzitzile                           Wearing turquoises,
+
+Oyuvale.                           As a master of messengers.
+
+When in Florence, in 1889, I had an accurate copy made of the Nahuatl
+text and all the figures of the first book of Sahagun's History. The
+colored figure of Huitzilopochtli is in accordance with the above
+description.
+
+
+
+
+II. _Uitznaoac yautl icuic._
+
+
+  1. Ahuia tlacochcalco notequioa ayayui nocaquia tlacatl, ya
+nechyapinauia, ayaca nomati, nitetzauiztli, auia, ayaca nomati niya,
+yautla, aquitoloc tlacochcalco notequioa, iuexcatlatoa ay nopilchan.
+
+  2. Ihiya quetl tocuilechcatl quauiquemitl nepapan oc uitzetla.
+
+  3. Huia oholopa telipuchtla, yuiyoc yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.
+
+  4. Huia uitznauac telepochtla yuiyoc, yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia yuiyoc, ynomalli.
+
+  5. Huia ytzicotla telipochtla, yuiyoc, yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye
+nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.
+
+  6. Uitznauac teuaqui, machiyotla tetemoya, ahuia oyatonac, yahuia
+oyatonac, machiyotla tetemoya.
+
+  7. Tocuilitla teuaqui, machiyotla tetemoya, ahuia oyatonac, yahuia
+oyatonac uia, machiyotla tetemoya.
+
+_Var._ 6. Vitzanaoac teuhoaqui machiotla. _MS. Med._
+
+
+_The War Song of the Huitznahuac._
+
+  1. What ho! my work is in the hall of arms, I listen to no mortal, nor
+can any put me to shame, I know none such, I am the Terror, I know none
+other, I am where war is, my work is said to be in the hall of arms, let
+no one curse my children.
+
+  2. Our adornment comes from out the south, it is varied in color as
+the clothing of the eagle.
+
+  3. Ho! ho! abundance of youths doubly clothed, arrayed in feathers,
+are my captives, I deliver them up, I deliver them up, my captives
+arrayed in feathers.
+
+  4. Ho! youths for the Huitznahuac, arrayed in feathers, these are my
+captives, I deliver them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my
+captives.
+
+  5. Youths from the south, arrayed in feathers, my captives, I deliver
+them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my captives.
+
+  6. The god enters, the Huitznahuac, he descends as an example, he
+shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an example.
+
+  7. Adorned like us he enters as a god, he descends as an example, he
+shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an example.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+There is no Gloss to this hymn, but its signification seems clear.
+_Huitznahuac_ was a name applied to several edifices in the great temple
+at Tenochtitlan, as we are informed at length by Sahagun. The word is a
+locative from _huitznahua_. This term means "magicians from the south"
+or "diviners with thorns," and was applied in the Quetzalcoatl mythical
+cyclus to the legendary enemies of Huitzilopochtli, whom he is said to
+have destroyed as soon as he was born. (See my discussion of this myth
+in _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_ for 1887.)
+Apparently to perpetuate the memory of this exploit, the custom was, at
+the festival of Huitzilopochtli, for the slaves who were to be
+sacrificed to form two bands, one representing the Huitznahua and the
+other the partisans of the god, and to slaughter each other until the
+arrival of the god Paynal put an end to the combat (Sahagun,
+_Historia_, Lib. II., cap. 34). The song here given belongs to this
+portion of the ancient rite.
+
+  1. The _tlacochcalli_, "house of arrows" (_tlacochtli_, arrow,
+_calli_, house), was a large hall in the temple of Huitzilopochtli where
+arrows, spears and other arms were kept (Sahagun, Lib. VIII., cap. 32).
+
+  2. The "adornment from the south" refers to the meaning of the name
+_Huitznahua_. (See Glossary.)
+
+  3. Sahagun (_ubi sup._) informs us that the slaves condemned to die
+fought against free warriors, and when any of the latter were captured
+they were promptly put to death by their captors.
+
+
+
+
+III. _Tlalloc icuic._
+
+
+  1. Ahuia Mexico teutlaneuiloc amapanitla anauhcampa, ye moquetzquetl,
+aoyequene y chocaya.
+
+  2. Ahuia anneuaya niyocoloc, annoteua eztlamiyaual, aylhuicolla nic
+yauicaya teutiualcoya.
+
+  3. Ahuia annotequiua naualpilli aquitlanella motonacayouh tic yachiuh
+quitla catlachtoquetl, can mitziyapinauia.
+
+  4. Ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia anechyaca uelmatia, anotata yn
+oquacuillo ocelocoatl aya.
+
+  5. Ahuia tlallocana, xiuacalco aya quizqui aquamotla, acatonalaya.
+
+  6. Ahuia xiyanouia, nahuia xiyamotecaya ay poyauhtla, ayauh
+chicauaztica, ayauicalo tlallocanaya.
+
+  7. Aua nacha tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.
+
+  8. Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, temoquetl aitlatol, aniquiya
+ilhuiquetl, tetzauhpilla niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.
+
+  9. Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya itopanecauiloc ayoc ynomatia, ay motlapoalli,
+aya ximocaya ye quetzalcalla nepanauia ay yaxcana teizcaltequetl.
+
+  10. Ahuia xiyanouia, ahuia xiyamotequaya ay poyauhtla, ayauh
+chicauaztlica ayauicallo tlalloca.
+
+_Var._ 1. Amopanitl.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. Auia Mexico teutlanauiloc, _q.n._, yn Mexico onetlanauiloc in
+tlaloc. Amapanitl annauhcampa ye moquetzquetl, _q.n._, amapanitl
+nauhcampa omoquequetz. Aoyeque naichocaya, _id est_, itlaocuyaya.
+
+  2. Auia anneuaya niyocoloc, _q.n._, ynehuatl ni tlalloc oniyocoloc.
+Annoteua eztlamiyaual, _q.n._, noteu eztlamiyaualtitiuh. Aylhuicolla,
+_q.n._, yn umpa ilhuicololo. Inic yauicaya teuitualcoya, _q.n._ in
+teuitualoc.
+
+  3. Auia annotequiua naualpilli, _q.n._ in tinoteuh naualpilli, _i.e._,
+tlalloc. Aquitlanella motonacayouh, _q.n._, ca nelli teuatl
+ticmochiuilia in motonacayouh. Catlachtoquetl, _q.n._, teuatl
+ticmochiuilia auh in aquin timitzpinauia.
+
+  4. Ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia, _q.n._, catel nechpinauia ca
+monechuelmati. Annotata ynoquacuillo ocelocoatl aya, _q.n._, yn notaua
+ioan yna quacuiloa yn oceloquacuili.
+
+  5. Ahuia tlallocana xiuacalco, _q.n._, in tlalocan xiuhcalco, _id
+est_, acxoyacalco. Ayaquizqui, _q.n._, umpa ualquizque. Aquamotla
+acatonalaya, _q.n._, y notauan yn oquacuiloan acatonal.
+
+  6. Ahuia xicanouia nauia xiyamotecaya, _q.n._, xiuian ximotecati. Ay
+poyauhtlan, _q.n._, in umpa poyauhtlan tepeticpac. Ayauh chicauaztica
+ayauicalo tlalocana, _q.n._, ayauh chicauaztica in auicalo tlalocan.
+
+  7. Aua nach tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui, _q.n._, y nach tozcuecuex y ye
+niauh niman ye choca.
+
+  8. Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, _q.n._, quenamican y ya niauh aco
+anechtemozque. Aniquiya ilhuiquetl tetzapilla niyayalizqui ayaichocaya,
+_q.n._, onquilhui yn tetzapilli ye niyauh niman ye choca.
+
+  9. Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya nitopanecauiloc, _q.n._, nauhxiuhtica in
+topanecauiloz, _id est_, in tepan mochiuaz. Ayoc inomatia ay
+motlapoalli, _q.n._, aocmo nomatia iniquin motlapoalpan. Ca oximoac ye
+quetzalcalla nepanauia, _q.n._, ye qualcan ye netlamachtiloyan ynemca.
+Ay yaxcana teizcaltiquetl, _q.n._, iniaxca inic oteizcalli.
+
+  10. Ahuia xiyanouia, _q.n._, xiuia. Auia xiya motecaya ay poyauhtla,
+_q.n._, ximotecati in umpa poyauhtla. Ayauh chicauaztica auicallo
+tlalocan, _q.n._, ayauh chicauaztica in auicallo in umpa tlallocan.
+
+
+_The Hymn of Tlaloc._
+
+  1. In Mexico the god appears; thy banner is unfolded in all
+directions, and no one weeps.
+
+  2. I, the god, have returned again, I have turned again to the place
+of abundance of blood-sacrifices; there when the day grows old, I am
+beheld as a god.
+
+  3. Thy work is that of a noble magician; truly thou hast made thyself
+to be of our flesh; thou hast made thyself, and who dare affront thee?
+
+  4. Truly he who affronts me does not find himself well with me; my
+fathers took by the head the tigers and the serpents.
+
+  5. In Tlalocan, in the verdant house, they play at ball, they cast the
+reeds.
+
+  6. Go forth, go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly, where
+the thick mist makes the cloudy house of Tlaloc.
+
+  7. There with strong voice I rise up and cry aloud.
+
+  8. Go ye forth to seek me, seek for the words which I have said, as I
+rise, a terrible one, and cry aloud.
+
+  9. After four years they shall go forth, not to be known, not to be
+numbered, they shall descend to the beautiful house, to unite together
+and know the doctrine.
+
+  10. Go forth, go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly,
+where the thick mist makes the cloudy house of Tlaloc.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The god Tlaloc shared with Huitzilopochtli the highest place in the
+Mexican Pantheon. He was the deity who presided over the waters, the
+rains, the thunder and the lightning. The annual festival in his honor
+took place about the time of corn-planting, and was intended to secure
+his favor for this all-important crop. Its details are described at
+great length by Diego Duran, _Historia de Nueva Espana_, cap. 86, and
+Sahagun, _Historia_, Lib. II., cap. 25, and elsewhere. His name is
+derived from _tlalli_, earth. _Tlalocan_, referred to in v. 5, "the
+place of Tlaloc," was the name of a mountain east of Tenochtitlan, where
+the festival of the god was celebrated; but it had also a mythical
+meaning, equivalent to "the earthly Paradise," the abode of happy souls.
+
+It will be observed that v. 10 is a repetition of v. 6. The word
+_ayauicalo_ refers to the _ayauhcalli_, "house of mist," the home of the
+rain god, which Sahagun informs us was represented at the annual
+festival by four small buildings near the water's edge, carefully
+disposed to face the four cardinal points of the compass (Sahagun, _ubi
+supra_).
+
+In v. 8 the expression _tetzauhpilli_ (_tetzauhqui_, to frighten) may
+be explained by the figure of Tlaloc, whose statue, says Duran, was that
+of _un espantable monstruo, la cara muy fea_ (_ibid._).
+
+The compound in v. 10, _nauhxiuhtica_, "after four years," appears to
+refer to the souls of the departed brave ones, who, according to Aztec
+mythology, passed to the heaven for four years and after that returned
+to the terrestrial Paradise,--the palace of Tlaloc. (See my paper, _The
+Journey of the Soul_, in _Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian
+Society of Philadelphia, 1883_.)
+
+
+
+
+IV. _Teteuynan ycuic._
+
+
+  1. Ahuiya cocauic xochitla oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue
+moquicican tamoanchan, auayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, aye ayo, ayy
+ayyaa.
+
+  2. Cocauic xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana, teumechaue, moquicica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, ayo aye, ayya, ayyaa.
+
+  3. Ahuia iztac xochitla, oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue moquicica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao yya, yyeo, ayeaye, ayya ayyaa.
+
+  4. Ahuiya iztac xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana teumechaue moquicica
+tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, aye aye, ayya ayyaa.
+
+  5. Ahuia ohoya teutl ca teucontli paca tona aya, itzpapalotli, auayye,
+yyao, yya, yyeo, ayyaa.
+
+  6. Ao, auatic ya itaca chicunauixtlauatla macatl yyollo, ica
+mozcaltizqui tonan tlaltecutli, ayao, ayyao, ayyaa.
+
+  7. Aho, ye yancuic ticatla ye yancuic yuitla oya potoniloc yn
+auicacopa acatl xamontoca.
+
+  8. Aho macatl mochiuhca teutlalipan mitziya noittaco, yeua xiuhnello,
+yeua mimichan.
+
+_Var._ 7. Xamantoca. 8. Yehoa.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, in tonan ocueponya umpa oalquiz yn tamoanchan.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, in amona ca izcui yn xochiuh ca umpa oquiz yn tmoanchan.
+
+  3. _Q.n._ In tonan ocuepo in umpa oquiz tamoanchan.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, in amona iztac in oxochiuh yn umpa oniquiz tamoanchan.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, in tonan ca teucumitl icpac in quiz yn itzpapalotl.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, in tonan ixtlauan in mozcaltito auh inic mozcalti macatl y
+yollo y yeua tonan tlaltecutli.
+
+  7. _Q.n._, auh inic potoniloc, tonan, yancuic ticatl ioan yancuic yn
+iuitl, auh nauhcampa quite ynacatl.
+
+  8. _Q.n._, in macatl yeuan can iliaya yn ixtlauacan yuhqui inic quic
+noitayan y yeuatl inimich ioan in xiuhnel.
+
+
+_Hymn to the Mother of the Gods._
+
+  1. Hail to our mother, who caused the yellow flowers to blossom, who
+scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.
+
+  2. Hail to our mother, who poured forth flowers in abundance, who
+scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.
+
+  3. Hail to our mother, who caused the yellow flowers to blossom, she
+who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.
+
+  4. Hail to our mother, who poured forth white flowers in abundance,
+who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.
+
+  5. Hail to the goddess who shines in the thorn bush like a bright
+butterfly.
+
+  6. Ho! she is our mother, goddess of the earth, she supplies food in
+the desert to the wild beasts, and causes them to live.
+
+  7. Thus, thus, you see her to be an ever-fresh model of liberality
+toward all flesh.
+
+  8. And as you see the goddess of the earth do to the wild beasts, so
+also does she toward the green herbs and the fishes.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The goddess to whom this hymn is devoted was called _Teteoinan_, the
+Mother of the Gods, _Toci_, our Mother (maternal ancestor), and also by
+another name which signified "the Heart of the Earth," the latter being
+bestowed upon her, says Duran, because she was believed to be the cause
+of earthquakes. Her general functions were those of a genius of
+fertility, extending both to the vegetable and the animal world. Thus,
+she was the patroness of the native midwives and of women in childbirth
+(Sahagun). Her chief temple at Tepeyacac was one of the most renowned in
+ancient Mexico, and it was a felicitous idea of the early missionaries
+to have "Our Lady of Guadalupe" make her appearance on the immediate
+site of this ancient fane already celebrated as the place of worship of
+the older female deity. The _Codex Ramirez_ makes her a daughter of the
+first King of Culhuacan.
+
+  1. _Tamoanchan._ This word Sahagun translates "we seek our homes,"
+while the _Codex Telleriano-Remensis_ gives the more intelligible
+rendering "there is their home whither they descend," and adds that it
+is synonymous with _Xochitlycacan_, "the place where the flowers are
+lifted." It was the mystical Paradise of the Aztecs, the Home of the
+Gods, and the happy realm of departed souls. The Codex just quoted adds
+that the gods were born there, which explains the introduction of the
+word into this hymn.
+
+  5. For _teucontli_ (see Glossary) I should suggest _teocomitl_, a
+species of ornament, (cf. Sahagun, _Historia_, Lib. II., cap. 37.)
+
+
+
+
+V. _Chimalpanecatl icuic ioan tlaltecaua (nanotl)._
+
+
+  1. Ichimalipan chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoaya, ichimalipan
+chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoa.
+
+  2. Coatepec tequiua, tepetitla moxayaual teueuel aya quinelli
+moquichtiuiui tlalli cuecuechiuia aqui moxayaual teueuella.
+
+
+_Var._ Title. Tlaltecaoannanotl. 2. Cohoatepechquiua.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, yautlatolli ipa omixiuh ynanotl chimalipan in omixiuh, _id
+est_, ipa oquitlacatilli ynanotl in uitzilopochtli y yauyutl.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, coatepec otepeuh tepetitla yc moxaual ioan y teueuel, _id
+est_, ichimal ic otepeuh aocac omoquichquetz iniquac peualoque coatepec
+a iniquac otlalli cuecuechiuh, _id est_, iquac opopoliuhque.
+
+
+_Hymn to Chimalipan in Parturition._
+
+  1. Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of
+battles; Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of
+battles.
+
+  2. On the Coatepec was her labor; on the mountain he ripened into age;
+as he became a man truly the earth was shaken, even as he became a man.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The goddess Chimalipan is not mentioned by the authorities at my
+command; but from the tenor of the hymn it is evident that the name is
+a synonym for the virgin mother of Huitzilopochtli, who is distinctly
+referred to by his title _Yautlatoani_ (see _ante_, p. 18). In the myth,
+she dwelt upon the Coatepetl, the Serpent Mountain, on the site of
+Tulan. For a full discussion of this myth I refer to my inquiry, "_Were
+the Toltecs an Historic Nationality?_" in _Proceedings of the Amer.
+Phil. Soc._ for Sept. 1887, and _American Hero-Myths_, chap. 11.
+(Phila., 1881).
+
+The Gloss distinctly states that the mother of Huitzilopochtli is
+referred to in the hymn. We must regard Chimalipan therefore as
+identical with _Chimalman_, who, according to another myth dwelt in Tula
+as a virgin, and was divinely impregnated by the descending spirit of
+the All-father in the shape of a bunch of feathers.
+
+In other myths she is mentioned as also the mother of the Huitznahua,
+the enemies and the brothers of Huitzilopochtli, referred to in the
+second of this collection of chants.
+
+
+
+
+VI. _Ixcocauhqui icuic._
+
+
+  1. Huiya tzonimolco notauane ye namech maya pinauhtiz, tetemoca ye
+namech maya pinauhtiz.
+
+  2. Xonca mecatla notecua iccotl mimilcatoc chicueyocan naualcalli
+nauali temoquetlaya.
+
+  3. Huiya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya
+iztleica naual moquizcauia, iztlauan naual moquizca.
+
+  4. Huia tzonimolco maceualli maya temacouia, oya tonaqui, oya tonaqui
+maceualli, maya temacouiya.
+
+  5. Huiya tzonimolco xoxolcuicatl cacauantoc ya ayouica mocuiltonoaci
+tontecuitl moteicnelil mauiztli.
+
+  6. Huiya ciuatontla xatenonotza, ayyauhcalcatl quiyauatla,
+xatenonotza.
+
+_Var._ 2. Xoncan mecatlan notechoan. 3. Iztleica (for iztlauan). 6. Ia
+ayiauhcalcatl.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, yn itzonmolcatl notauane ye nemechpinauhtiz nachcan nochan
+tetemoan, ye nemechpinauhtiz.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, yn mecatla amo tecuhuan in oncan iccotl mimilcatoc
+ueyaquixtoc iccotl uncan in temoc in chicueyocan.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, yn tzonmolco otipeuhque macuico yn tzonmolco macuico
+otipeuhque tleica in amo anualquica tleica yn ayaualquica.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, yn tzonmolco otonac auh in omaceualhoan xinechinacaqui
+notechpouizque yn enetoltiloyan.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, yn cuicatl tzomolco ca ye cauani in aic necuiltonollo
+netotilo in tetecuti yeua moteicnelil ca mauiztic.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, yn ciuatontli xitenonotza in quiauat ayauhcalcatl, _id
+est_, in ticiuatontli xitenonotza.
+
+
+_Hymn to Ixcocauhqui._
+
+  1. In the Hall of Flames let me not put to shame my ancestors;
+descending there, let me not put you to shame.
+
+  2. I fasten a rope to the sacred tree, I twist it in eight folds, that
+by it I, a magician, may descend to the magical house.
+
+  3. Begin your song in the Hall of Flames; begin your song in the Hall
+of Flames; why does the magician not come forth? Why does he not rise
+up?
+
+  4. Let his subjects assist in the Hall of Flames; he appears, he
+appears, let his subjects assist.
+
+  5. Let the servants never cease the song in the Hall of Flames; let
+them rejoice greatly, let them dance wonderfully.
+
+  6. Call ye for the woman with abundant hair, whose care is the mist
+and the rain, call ye for her.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+_Ixcocauhqui_, "the Yellow Faced," was the Mexican God of Fire.
+Torquemada gives as his synonyms _Xiuhtecutli_, "Lord of Fire," and
+_Huehueteotl_, "the Ancient God" (_Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. VI., cap.
+28). Elsewhere he identifies him with the Sun-god (_Ibid._, Lib. XIV.,
+cap. 4). Sahagun describes his annual festival (_Hist._, Lib. II., cap.
+38), and gives another of his names, _Cuecaltzin_, a reverential form of
+_cuezalotl_, flame (_Hist._, Lib. I., cap. 13).
+
+The _tzonmolco_ so often referred to in this hymn was the sixty-fourth
+edifice in the great temple of Tenochtitlan, and was devoted to the
+worship of Ixcocauhqui (Sahagun). The word literally means "the place of
+spreading hairs," the rays or ornaments spreading from the head of the
+statue of the god representing flames (Sahagun).
+
+The reference in v. 6 seems to be to one of the women who were
+sacrificed at the festival, as related by Sahagun (Lib. II., App.).
+
+
+
+
+VII. _Mimixcoa icuic._
+
+
+  1. Chicomoztoc quinexaqui, cani aueponi, cani, cani, teyomi.
+
+  2. Tziuactitlan quinexaqui, cani a aueponi, cani, cani, teyomi.
+
+  3. Oya nitemoc, oya nitemoc, aya ica nitemoc notziuaquimiuh, aya ica
+nitemoc notziuaquimiuh.
+
+  4. Oya nitemoc, oya nitemoc, ayayca nitemoc nomatlauacal.
+
+  5. Ni quimacui, ni quimacui, yuaya niquimacui, niquimacui, yuanya ayo
+macuiui.
+
+  6. Tlachtli icpacaya, uel incuicaya, quetzalcuxcuxaya, quinanquilia
+cinteutla, aay.
+
+_Var._ 1. Quinehoaqui. 2. Quineuaqui. 6. Ipac.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, chicomoztoc oniualleuac cani aueponi, ichichimecatlatol,
+cani aueponi, cani, cani teyomi.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, tziuactli in itlan oniualleuac cani aueponi, cani, cani
+teyomi.
+
+  3. Oya nitemoc, _q.n._, onitemoc onitlacatl ipan ynotziuacmiuh;
+onitemoc ipan ynotziuacmiuh ca niman ipan nitlacat ynotlauitol ynomiuh.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, onitemoc onitlacat inipan nomatlauacal ca niman ipan
+nitlacat.
+
+  5. Y yacatlatol. Yc a a inya in chichimeca in chichimecatlatol.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, yn tlatacica tictecazque totlach uncan ticuicazque
+noyehuatl in quetzalcocox.
+
+
+_Hymn of Mixcoatl._
+
+  1. I come forth from Chicomoztoc, only to you, my friends, to you,
+honored ones.
+
+  2. I come forth from Tziuactitlan, only to you my friends, only to you
+honored ones.
+
+  3. I sought, I sought, in all directions I sought with my pack; in all
+directions I sought with my pack.
+
+  4. I sought, I sought, in all directions I sought with my traveling
+net.
+
+  5. I took them in hand, I took them in hand; yes, I took them in hand;
+yes, I took them in hand.
+
+  6. In the ball ground I sang well and strong, like to the quetzal
+bird; I answered back to the god.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+"The Chichimecs," says Sahagun (_Hist._, Lib. VI., cap. 7), "worshipped
+only one god, called _Mixcoatl_." The _Anales de Cuauhtitlan_ speaks of
+Mixcoatl as one of the leaders of the ancient Nahuas from their
+primitive home Chicomoztoc, the land of the Seven Caves. This is what is
+referred to in the above hymn. In later times Mixcoatl became god of
+hunting and of the tornado, and his worship extended to the Otomis.
+
+_Tzihuactitlan_, "the land of the tzihuac bushes," I have not found
+mentioned by any of the Spanish authorities, but it is named in
+connection with Chicomoztoc in an ancient war-song given in my _Ancient
+Nahuatl Poetry_, pp. 88 and 140.
+
+The hymn appears to be in memory of the leadership of Mixcoatl in
+conducting the ancestors of the Nahua on their long wanderings after
+leaving their pristine seats. It should be read in connection with the
+earlier pages of the _Annals of Cuauhtitlan_.
+
+The reduplicated form of the name, _Mimixcoatl_, is not found elsewhere,
+and appears to be a poetic license.
+
+
+
+
+VIII. _Xochipilli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Ye cuicaya tocniuaya ouaya yeo, ye cuicaya ye quetzalcoxcuxa
+yoaltica tlao cinteutla, oay.
+
+  2. Can quicaquiz nocuic ocoyoalle teumechaue, oquicaquiz nocuica in
+cipactonalla atilili, ouayya.
+
+  3. Ayao, ayao, ayao, ayao, nitlanauati ay tlalocan tlamacazque, ayao,
+ayao, ayao.
+
+  4. Ayao, ayao, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque nitlanauati, aya, ayao,
+ayyao.
+
+  5. Ao cani uallacic, otli nepaniuia, cani cinteutla campa ye noyaz,
+campa otli nicyatoca ca oay.
+
+  6. Ayao, aya, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque, quiauiteteu, ayyao, aya,
+ayao.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, ca otonac, ca otlatuic ca ye cuico ca ye cuica centeotl in
+quetzalcocox.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, macaco in tocuic ynican maquicaquican yn nican tlaca.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, in tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, yn tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, ca onitlanauati ni tlaloca catli ye nictocaz utli.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, yn antlaloque yn antlamacazque catli nictocaz yn anteteuh.
+
+
+_Hymn to Xochipilli._
+
+  1. O friends, the quetzal bird sings, it sings its song at midnight to
+Cinteotl.
+
+  2. The god will surely hear my song by night, he will hear my song as
+the day begins to break.
+
+  3. I send forth the priests to the house of Tlaloc.
+
+  4. The priests to the house of Tlaloc do I send forth.
+
+  5. I shall go forth, I shall join myself unto them, I shall go where
+is Cinteotl, I shall follow the path to him.
+
+  6. The priests go forth to the house of Tlaloc, to the home of the
+gods of the plain.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+_Xochipilli_, "lord of flowers," otherwise named _Macuilxochitl_, "five
+flowers" (the name of a small odorous plant), was the deity who gave and
+protected all flowering plants. As one of the gods of fertility and
+production, he was associated with Tlaloc, god of rains, and Cinteotl,
+god of maize. His festival is described in Sahagun (_Historia_, Lib. I.,
+cap. 14).
+
+  2. _Cipactonalla_, from _cipactli_, and _tonalli_, may refer to
+_Cipactonal_, the reputed discoverer of the Aztec calendar. See
+_Sahagun_, _Historia_, Lib. IV., cap. I.
+
+
+
+
+IX. _Xochiquetzal icuic._
+
+
+  1. Atlayauican ni xochiquetzalli tlacya niuitza ya motencaliuan
+tamoanchan oay.
+
+  2. Ye quitichocaya tlamacazecatla piltzintecutlo quiyatemoaya ye
+xochinquetzalla xoyauia ay topa niaz, oay.
+
+_Var._ 2. Icotochiquetzalla.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, ompa niuitz ynixochiquetzal tamoanchan.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, choca piltzintecutli quitemoa in xochiquetzal xoyauia no
+umpa niaz.
+
+
+_Hymn to Xochiquetzal._
+
+  1. I, Xochiquetzal, go forth willingly to the dancing place by the
+water, going forth to the houses in Tamoanchan.
+
+  2. Ye noble youths, ye priests who wept, seeking Xochiquetzal, go
+forth there where I am going.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+_Xochiquetzal_, "plumage of flowers," was the deity of the artists, the
+painters, weavers, engravers on metal, silver and goldsmiths, and of all
+who dealt in fine colors. Her figure was that of a young woman with gay
+garments and jewelry (Duran, _Historia_, cap. 94). In the _Codex
+Telleriano-Remensis_ she is assigned as synonyms _Ichpochtli_, the
+Virgin, and _Itzpapalotl_, literally "the obsidian butterfly," but which
+was probably applied to a peculiar ornament of her idol.
+
+On _Tamoanchan_ see notes to Hymn IV.
+
+The term _atlayauican_, which I have translated "the dancing place by
+the water," appears to refer to the "jar dance," _baile de las jicaras_,
+which took place at the festival of the goddess, in the month of
+October. Duran informs us this was executed at a spot by the shore of
+the lake. Ceremonial bathing was carried on at the same festival, and
+these baths were considered to cleanse from sin, as well as from
+physical pollution.
+
+
+
+
+X. _Amimitl icuic._
+
+
+  1. Cotiuana, cotiuana, cali totoch maca huiya yyalimanico,
+oquixanimanico, tlacochcalico, oua, yya yya, matonicaya, matonicalico,
+oua yya yo, cana, cana, ayoueca niuia, cana canoya, ueca niuia, yya,
+yya, yyeuaya, cana, cana, yeucua niuia.
+
+  2. Ye necuiliyaya, niuaya, niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh niuahuaya,
+niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh.
+
+  3. Tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, ayoaya,
+yoaya, ye ca nauhtzini.
+
+  4. Aueya itzipana nomauilia, aueya itzipana nomauilia, aueya itzipana
+nomauilia.
+
+_Var._ 1. Manca. Matinicaya.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+In amimitl icuic yuh mitoa in ueli chichimeca cuic amo uel caquizti in
+quein quitoa in tonauatlatol ypa.
+
+
+_Hymn to Amimitl._
+
+  1. Join together your hands in the house, take hands in the sequent
+course, let them spread forth, spread forth in the hall of arrows. Join
+hands, join hands in the house, for this, for this have I come, have I
+come.
+
+  2. Yes, I have come, bringing four with me, yes I have come, four
+being with me.
+
+  3. Four noble ones, carefully selected, four noble ones, carefully
+selected, yes, four noble ones.
+
+  4. They personally appear before his face, they personally appear
+before his face, they personally appear before his face.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The brief Gloss to this Hymn states that it is of ancient Chichimec
+origin and that it cannot well be rendered in Nahuatl. Its language is
+exceedingly obscure, but it is evidently a dancing song.
+
+_Amimitl_, "the water-arrow," or "fish-spear," was, according to
+Torquemada, especially worshipped at Cuitlahuac. He was god of fishing,
+and visited the subjects of his displeasure with diseases of a dropsical
+or watery character (_Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. VI., cap. 29). On slender
+and questionable grounds Clavigero identifies him with Opochtli, the god
+of net makers and fishers with nets (_Storia Antica del Messico_, Tom.
+II., p. 20).
+
+The four noble ones referred to in vv. 3 and 4 probably refer to those
+characters in the Mexican sacred dances called "the four auroras," four
+actors clothed respectively in white, green, yellow and red robes. See
+Diego Duran, _Historia_, cap. 87.
+
+
+
+
+XI. _Otontecutli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Onoalico, onoalico, pomaya, yyaya, ayyo, ayyo, aya, aya, ayyo.
+
+  2. Chimalocutitlana motlaqueuia auetzini nonoualico, quauinochitla,
+cacauatla motlaqueuia auetzini.
+
+  3. Ni tepanecatli aya cuecuexi, ni quetzallicoatli aya cuecuexi.
+
+  4. Cane ca ya itziueponi, cane ca ya itziueponi.
+
+  5. Otomico, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame ya yauilili, noyoco, nauaco,
+mexicame ya.
+
+  6. A chimalli aya, xa, xauino quiyauilili, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame
+ya.
+
+_Var._ 2. Nonoualco.
+
+
+_Hymn of Olontecutli._
+
+  1. At Nonoalco he rules, at Nonoalco, Oho! Oho!
+
+  2. In the pine woods he prepares your destruction at Nonoalco, in the
+tuna woods, in the cacao woods he prepares your destruction.
+
+  3. I, dweller in the palace, shook them; I, Quetzalcoatl, shook them.
+
+  4. There was a splendor of spears, a splendor of spears.
+
+  5. With my captain, with my courage, with my skill, the Mexicans were
+put to flight; even the Mexicans, with my courage, with my skill.
+
+  6. Go forth, ye shield bearers, put the Mexicans to flight with my
+courage, with my skill.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The absence of a Gloss to this hymn adds to the difficulty of a
+translation. _Otontecutli_ was the chief deity of the Otomis, and the
+chant appears to be one of their war songs in their conflict with the
+Azteca. The name is a compound of _otomitl_, an Otomi, and _tecutli_,
+ruler or lord. He is slightly referred to by Sahagun as "the first ruler
+to govern the ancestors of the Otomis." (_Historia_, Lib. X, cap. 29,
+sec. 5.)
+
+
+
+
+XII. _Ayopechtli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Cane cana ichan, ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc.
+
+  2. Cane cana ichan ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc, cane ichan
+chacayoticaya.
+
+  3. Xiualmeuayauia, xiua xiualmeuayaauiaya yancuipilla, xiualmeuaya.
+
+  4. Auiya xiualmeuaya, ueya, xiua, xiualmeuaya, cozcapilla xiualmeuaya.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, in oncan ichan ayopechtli oncan mixiuiqui tlacatilia in
+cuzcatl quetzalli.
+
+  2. Cane cana ichan, _q.n._, in oncan ichan ayopechcatl oncan
+quitlacatilia in cozcatl quetzalli oncan yoliua, tlacatiua.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, ximeua, ximeua, in tipiltzintli xiualmeua in quinotitlacat
+tipiltzintli.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, xiualmeua, xiualmeua, in tipiltzintli in ti cuzcatl, in ti
+quetzalli.
+
+
+_Hymn to Ayopechcatl._
+
+  1. Truly in whatever house there is a lying-in, Ayopechcatl takes
+charge of the child.
+
+  2. Truly in whatever house there is a lying-in, Ayopechcatl takes
+charge of the child, there where it is weeping in the house.
+
+  3. Come along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you new comer, come along
+and cry out.
+
+  4. Come along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you little jewel, cry
+out.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The name of Ayopechcatl does not appear among the divinities named by
+Sahagun, Duran or the other authorities at my command. Her name
+indicates her function as the goddess of the child-bed and the neonatus,
+and the above hymn establishes her claim to a place in the Aztec
+pantheon.
+
+
+
+
+XIII. _Ciuacoatl icuic._
+
+
+  1. Quaui, quaui, quilaztla, coaeztica xayaualoc uiuiya quauiuitl
+uitzalochpa chalima aueuetl ye colhoa.
+
+  2. Huiya tonaca, acxolma centla teumilco chicauaztica, motlaquechizca.
+
+  3. Uitztla, uitztla, nomactemi, uitztla, uitztla nomactemi, acan
+teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.
+
+  4. Malinalla nomactemi, acan teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.
+
+  5. A omei quauhtli, ye tonanaya chalmecatecutli ay tziuac y mauiztla
+nechyatetemilli, yeua nopiltzinaya mixcoatla.
+
+  6. Ya tonani, yauciuatzin, aya tonan yauciuatzi aya y maca coliuacan y
+yuitla y potocaya.
+
+  7. Ahuiya ye tonaquetli, yautlatocaya, ahuiya ye tonaquetli
+yautlatocaya moneuila no tlaca cenpoliuiz aya y maca coliuaca y yuitla y
+potocaya.
+
+  8. Ahuia quauiuitl amo xayaualli onauiya yecoyametl amo xayaualli.
+
+_Var._ 1. Cohoaeztica. 2. Acxoima. 7. Maneuila, cenpoalihuiz, inmaca.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, in quauhcihuatl, ic oxaualoc in coaetztli, ioan in quauhtli
+yhuitli in moteneua iquauhtzon, ipan iualuicoc yn umpa colhuacan.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, inic motocaya centli, in mochiuaya teumilpa, ichicauaztica
+inic tlatatacaya, inic tocaya.
+
+  3. Uitztla, _q.n._, nomactemi nochicauaztica inic nitocaya, inic
+nitlatatacaya.
+
+  4. Malinalla, uictli, _q.n._, uictica in tlachpanaya, _id est_,
+iceliniquia, yn uncan teumilpan auh ychicauaztica inic nitlatatacaya,
+inic tocaya.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, matlactli omei quauhtli yn notonal innamona auh ynan
+nopilhoan in chalmeca xicuiti in tziuactli xinechtemilica.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, in iyauciuatzin yn amona umpa nochan in coluaca auh in
+quauiuitl nictemaca ynic oquauhtiuac.
+
+  7. _Q.n._, ca otonac ca otlatuic momochiua yauyutl ma tlamalo
+tlalpiliuiz nic temaca in quauiuitl.
+
+  8. _Q.n._, aahuia yn otlamaloc in quauiuitl yc moxaua.
+
+
+_Hymn to Cihuacoatl._
+
+  1. Quilaztli, plumed with eagle feathers, with the crest of eagles,
+painted with serpents' blood, comes with her hoe, beating her drum, from
+Colhuacan.
+
+  2. She alone, who is our flesh, goddess of the fields and shrubs, is
+strong to support us.
+
+  3. With the hoe, with the hoe, with hands full, with the hoe, with
+hands full, the goddess of the fields is strong to support us.
+
+  4. With a broom in her hands the goddess of the fields strongly
+supports us.
+
+  5. Our mother is as twelve eagles, goddess of drum-beating, filling
+the fields of tzioac and maguey like our lord Mixcoatl.
+
+  6. She is our mother, a goddess of war, our mother, a goddess of war,
+an example and a companion from the home of our ancestors (Colhuacan).
+
+  7. She comes forth, she appears when war is waged, she protects us in
+war that we shall not be destroyed, an example and companion from the
+home of our ancestors.
+
+  8. She comes adorned in the ancient manner with the eagle crest, in
+the ancient manner with the eagle crest.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+Cihuacoatl was the mythical mother of the human race. Her name,
+generally translated "serpent woman," should be rendered "woman of
+twins" or "bearing twins," as the myth related that such was her
+fertility that she always bore two children at one lying-in.
+(Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. VI., cap. 31.) She was also known
+by the title _Tonan_ or _Tonantzin_, "our mother," as in v. 5 and 6.
+Still another of her appellations was _Quilaztli_, which is given her in
+v. 1. (Comp. Sahagun, _Historia_, Lib. VI., cap. 27.) She was
+essentially a goddess of fertility and reproduction. The name
+_cihuacoatl_ was also applied to one of the higher magistrates and war
+chiefs in the Aztec army (Sahagun). Reference is made to this in v. 6.
+As a goddess of venerable antiquity, she is spoken of as coming from
+Colhuacan, "the place of the old men," or of the ancestors of the tribe.
+This name is derived from _coloa_, to bend down, as an aged person,
+_colli_, an old man. (See my _Ancient Nahuatl Poetry_, pp. 172-3).
+
+
+
+
+XIV. _Izcatqui yn cuicatl chicuexiuhtica meuaya iniquac atamalqualoya._
+
+
+  1. Xochitl noyollo cuepontimania ye tlacoyoalle, oaya, oouayaye.
+
+  2. Yecoc ye tonan, yecoc ye teutl tlacolteutla, oaya, ooayaya.
+
+  3. Otlacatqui centeutl tamiyoanichan ni xochitlicacani. Cey xochitli
+yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao, ayaue, oayyaue.
+
+  4. Otlacatqui centeutl, atl, yayaui cani tlaca pillachiualoya
+chalchimichuacan, yyao, yantala, yatanta, a yyao, ayyaue tilili yao,
+ayyaue, oayyaue.
+
+  5. Oya tlatonazqui tlauizcalleuaya inan tlachinaya nepapan quechol,
+xochitlacacan y yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao, ayyaue,
+oayyayaue.
+
+  6. Tlalpa timoquetzca, tianquiz nauaquia nitlacatla, ni quetzalcoatla,
+yyao, yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao ayyaue, oayyayue.
+
+  7. Ma ya auiallo xochinquauitl itlani nepapan quecholli ma ya in
+quecholli xicaquiya tlatoaya y toteuh, xicaquiya tlatoaya y quechol
+amach yeua tonicauh tlapitza amach ychan tlacaluaz, ouao.
+
+  8. Aye oho, yyayya, ca miquiyecauiz ca noxocha tonaca xochitli ye
+izqui xochitla, xochitlicacan, yyaa.
+
+  9. Ollama, ollama uiue xolutl nauallachic, ollama ya xolutl
+chalchiuecatl xiquitta mach, oya moteca piltzintecutli yoanchan,
+yoanchan.
+
+  10. Piltzintle, piltzintle tocuitica timopotonia tlachco, timotlalli
+yoanchan, yoanchan.
+
+  11. Oztomecatla yyaue, oztomecatla xochiquetzal quimama, ontlatca
+cholola, ayye, ayyo, oye maui noyol, oye maui noyol, aoya yecoc
+centeutl, matiuia obispo, oztomecatl chacalhoa, xiuhnacochtla, yteamic
+ximaquiztla yteamico, ayye, ayye.
+
+  12. Cochina, cochina, cocochi ye nicmaololo, ni cani ye ciuatl ni
+cochina yyeo, ouayeo, yho, yya, yya.
+
+_Var._ 3. Centeuteutl. 4. Uillachiualoia. 5. Oya tonazqui. 6. Tlapan.
+10. Timotlalia. 11. Suchiquetzal. Ontlatoa cholollan.
+
+
+_This is the Hymn which they sang every eight years when they fasted on
+bread and water._
+
+  1. The flower in my heart blossoms and spreads abroad in the middle of
+the night.
+
+  2. Tonan has satisfied her passion, the goddess Tlazolteotl has
+satisfied her passion.
+
+  3. I, Cinteotl, was born in Paradise, I come from the place of
+flowers. I am the only flower, the new, the glorious one.
+
+  4. Cinteotl was born from the water; he came born as a mortal, as a
+youth, from the cerulean home of the fishes, a new, a glorious god.
+
+  5. He shone forth as the sun; his mother dwelt in the house of the
+dawn, varied in hue as the quechol bird, a new, a glorious flower.
+
+  6. I came forth on the earth, even to the market place like a mortal,
+even I, Quetzalcoatl, great and glorious.
+
+  7. Be ye happy under the flower-bush varied in hue as the quetzal
+bird; listen to the quechol singing to the gods; listen to the singing
+of the quechol along the river; hear its flute along the river in the
+house of the reeds.
+
+  8. Alas! would that my flowers would cease from dying; our flesh is as
+flowers, even as flowers in the place of flowers.
+
+  9. He plays at ball, he plays at ball, the servant of marvellous
+skill; he plays at ball, the precious servant; look at him; even the
+ruler of the nobles follows him to his house.
+
+  10. O youths! O youths! follow the example of your ancestors; make
+yourselves equal to them in the ball count; establish yourselves in your
+houses.
+
+  11. She goes to the mart, they carry Xochiquetzal to the mart; she
+speaks at Cholula; she startles my heart; she startles my heart; she has
+not finished, the priest knows her; where the merchants sell green jade
+earrings she is to be seen, in the place of wonders she is to be seen.
+
+  12. Sleep, sleep, sleep, I fold my hands to sleep, I, O woman, sleep.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+In default of a Gloss to this hymn, the indispensable Sahagun again
+comes to our aid. He informs us in the Appendix to the second book of
+his _Historia_ that "When the Indians celebrated the festival called
+_atamalqualiztli_, which took place every eight years, certain natives
+called Mazateca swallowed living serpents and frogs, and received
+garments as a recompense for their daring." We are not informed as to
+the purpose of the festival, and its name, which signifies "eating
+bread made with water," is merely that of one of the regular systems of
+fasting in vogue in ancient Mexico. (See Sahagun, Lib. III., cap. 8.)
+The song before us appears to be a recitation calling on a number of the
+Nahua divinities.
+
+  1. "The flower in my heart" is a metaphorical expression for song.
+
+  2. _Tonan_, "Our Mother"; _Tlazolteotl_, the goddess of lascivious
+love, _Venus impudica_. The verb _yecoa_ appears to have its early
+signification, expressing carnal connection.
+
+  3. _Centeotl_, god of maize and fertility.
+
+  8. The flowers referred to are the youths and maidens who die young.
+
+  9. The house of the ball player is the tomb.
+
+  11. This verse is very obscure and is obviously corrupt. It contains
+the only Spanish word in the text of these hymns--_obispo_--a word
+including two letters, _b_ and _s_, not in the Nahuatl alphabet.
+
+  12. The woman referred to is Xochiquetzal. See Hymn IX.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: PRIEST OF XIPPE TOTEC, DRINKING AND PLAYING ON A DRUM.
+HYMN XV.]
+
+
+
+
+XV. _Xippe icuic, Totec, yoallauana._
+
+
+  1. Yoalli tlauana, iztleican nimonenequia xiyaqui mitlatia
+teocuitlaquemitl, xicmoquenti quetlauia.
+
+  2. Noteua chalchimamatlaco, apana, y temoya ay quetzallaueuetl, ay
+quetzalxiuicoatl, nechiya iqui nocauhquetl, ouiya.
+
+  3. Maniyauia, nia nia poliuiz, ni yoatzin achalchiuhtla noyollo,
+ateucuitlatl nocoyaitaz, noyolceuizqui tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya,
+otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl ouiya.
+
+  4. Noteua ce in tlaco xayailiuiz conoa y yoatzin motepeyocpa
+mitzualitta moteua, noyolceuizquin tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya,
+otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl, ouiya.
+
+_Var._ 1. Quetloujia. 2. Noteuhoa chalchimmama tlacoapana itemoia. 3.
+Achalchiuhtla. 4. Centlaco, mitzualitla.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, yn ti yoallauana, ti xipe, totec, tleica in ti monequi in
+timocuma, in timotlatia, _id est_, tleica in amo quiauiteocuitlaquemitl,
+xicmoquenti, _q.n._, ma quiaui, ma ualauh yn atl.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, yn ti noteuh, otemoc in mauhoualla yn mauh; ay quetzalla
+ueuetl, _id est_, ye tlaquetzalpatia ye tlaxoxouia, ye xopantla. Ay
+quetzal xiuhcoatl nechia iqui no cauhquetl, _id est_, ca ye otechcauh yn
+mayanaliztli.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, ma mauh, ma nipoliui yn ni yoatzin, _id est_, in catleuatl,
+yuhquin chalchiuitl noyollo. A teocuitlatl nocoyaitaz, _q.n._, in
+catleuatl achtomochiuaz ninoyolceuiz.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, yn oteuh cequi tlatlacotyan in mochiua initonacayouh,
+auh in tlein tlatlacotyan achto mochiua mochi tlacatl achto mitzualmaca,
+auh iniquac ye omochimochiuh occeppa nomochi tlacatl mitzualmaca yn
+motonacayuh.
+
+
+_Hymn of the High Priest of Xipe Totec._
+
+  1. The nightly drinking, why should I oppose it? Go forth and array
+yourselves in the golden garments, clothe yourselves in the glittering
+vestments.
+
+  2. My god descended upon the water, into the beautiful glistening
+surface; he was as a lovely water cypress, as a beauteous green serpent;
+now I have left behind me my suffering.
+
+  3. I go forth, I go forth about to destroy, I, Yoatzin; my soul is in
+the cerulean water; I am seen in the golden water; I shall appear unto
+mortals; I shall strengthen them for the words of war!
+
+  4. My god appears as a mortal; O Yoatzin, thou art seen upon the
+mountains; I shall appear unto mortals; I shall strengthen them for the
+words of war.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+There is slight mention of the deity Xipe Totec in the Spanish writers.
+He was the patron divinity of the silversmiths, and his festival,
+attended with peculiarly bloody rites, was celebrated in the first month
+of the calendar. (Duran, _Historia_, cap. 87; Sahagun, Lib. I., cap. 18,
+Lib. II., cap. 21, etc.) Totec is named as one of the companions of
+Quetzalcoatl, and an ancient divinity whose temple stood on the
+_Tzatzitepec_ (see the _Codex Vaticanus_; Tab. XII., in Kingsborough's
+_Mexico_). His high priest was called _Youallauan_, "the nocturnal
+tippler" (_youalli_, night, and _tlauana_, to drink to slight
+intoxication), and it was his duty to tear out the hearts of the human
+victims (Sahagun, _u.s._). The epithet _Yoatzin_, "noble night-god,"
+bears some relation to the celebration of his rites at night.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: CHICOMECOATL, GODDESS OF FOOD AND DRINK. HYMN XVI.]
+
+
+
+
+XVI. _Chicomecoatl icuic._
+
+
+  1. Chicomollotzin xayameua, ximicotica aca tona titech icnocauazqui
+tiyauia mochan tlallocan nouia.
+
+  2. Xayameua ximicotica aca tonan titech icnocauazqui tiyauian mochan
+tlallocan nouiya.
+
+_Var._ 1. Xaia mehoa.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, yn ti chicomolotl, _id est_, in ti centli ximeua, xica,
+xixoa, ca otimouicaya in mochan tlallocan.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, xayameua, _id est_, ximeua, xixua, xica, ca otimouicaya in
+mochantzinco in tlallocan ca yuhquin ti tonatzon.
+
+
+_Hymn to Chicomecoatl._
+
+  1. O noble Chicomolotl, arise, awake, leave us not unprotected on the
+way, conduct us to the home of Tlaloc.
+
+  2. Arise, awake, leave us not unprotected on the way, conduct us to
+the home of Tlaloc.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The goddess Chicomecoatl, "seven guests," was the deity who presided
+over food and drink. Hence in the first verse she is referred to as
+Chicomolotl, "seven ears of corn," and is spoken of as a guide to
+Tlalocan, or the home of abundance.
+
+Father Duran, who gives a long chapter on this goddess (_Historia_, cap.
+92), translates her name "serpent of seven heads," and adds that she was
+also called _Chalciucihuatl_, "Lady of the Emerald," and _Xilonen_,
+"goddess of the tender ears of maize." Every kind of seed and vegetable
+which served for food was under her guardianship, and hence her festival,
+held about the middle of September, was particularly solemn. Her statue
+represented her as a girl of about twelve years old.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: TOTOCHTIN, THE RABBITS, GODS OF THE DRUNKARDS. HYMN XVII.]
+
+
+
+
+XVII. _Totochtin incuic Tezcatzoncatl._
+
+
+  1. Yyaha, yya yya, yya ayya, ayya ouiya, ayya yya, ayya yya, yyauiyya,
+ayya ayya, yya ayya, yya yya yye.
+
+  2. Coliuacan mauizpan atlacatl ichana, yya ayya, yyayyo.
+
+  3. Tezcatzonco tecpan teutl, macoc ye chocaya, auia, macaiui, macayui
+teutl, macoc yye chocaya.
+
+  4. Auia axalaco tecpanteutl, macoc yye chocaya, macayui, macayui
+teutl, macoc yye chocaya.
+
+_Var._ 3. Tezcatzoncatl tepan. 4. Axalaca.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. Y tlauelcuic, tlauelcuica.
+
+  2. Coliuacan mauizpa tlacatlichana, _q.n._, in tlacatl, _id est_,
+octli ompa ichan ni colhoacan. Mauizpa, _q.n._, temamauhtican.
+
+  3. Tezcatzonco tecpanteutl, _q.n._, ye choca in omacoc teutl
+tezcatzonco tecpan, _id est_, octli. Quimonacayotia in teutl. Macaiui
+teutl, _q.n._, macamo omatoni in teutl, _id est_, octli, ye choca cayamo
+ynemac.
+
+  4. Aia axalaco tecpanteutl, _q.n._, axala in tecpanteutl. Ye choca yn
+omacoc, _id est_, octli axalatecpan, ye choca in omacoc, macamo omaco ni
+ye choca cayamo ynemac.
+
+
+_Hymn to Tezcatzoncatl Totochtin._
+
+  1. Alas! alas! alas! alas! alas! alas!
+
+  2. In the home of our ancestors this creature was a fearful thing.
+
+  3. In the temple of Tezcatzoncatl he aids those who cry to him, he
+gives them to drink; the god gives to drink to those who cry to him.
+
+  4. In the temple by the water-reeds the god aids those who call upon
+him, he gives them to drink; the god aids those who cry unto him.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+Tezcatzoncatl was one of the chief gods of the native inebriating
+liquor, the pulque. Its effects were recognized as most disastrous, as
+is seen from his other names, _Tequechmecaniani_, "he who hangs people,"
+and _Teatlahuiani_, "he who drowns people." Sahagun remarks, "They
+always regarded the pulque as a bad and dangerous article." The word
+_Totochtin_, plural of _tochtli_, rabbit, was applied to drunkards, and
+also to some of the deities of special forms of drunkenness.
+
+The first verse is merely a series of lamentations. The second speaks of
+the sad effects of the pulque in ancient times. (On Colhuacan see Notes
+to Hymn XIII.)
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: ATLAUA, SINGING AND DANCING. HYMN XVIII.]
+
+
+
+
+XVIII. _Atlaua Icuic._
+
+
+  1. Auia nichalmecatl, nichalmecatl, necaualcautla, necaualcautla, olya
+quatonalla olya.
+
+  2. Ueya, ueya, macxoyauh quilazteutl y tlapani macxoyauh.
+
+  3. Nimitz acatecunotzaya, chimalticpao monecoya nimitzacatecunotzaya.
+
+  4. Ayac nomiuh timalla aytolloca nacatl nomiuh aca xeliui timalla.
+
+  5. Tetoma amo yolcana tlamacazquinte tometl, acan axcan ye
+quetzaltototl, nic ya izcaltiquetla.
+
+  6. Y yopuchi noteuh atlauaquetl, aca naxcan ye quetzaltototl, nic ya
+izcaltiquetla.
+
+  1. Necaualcactla. 2. Itlamani. 4. Aitollaca acatl. Timalli. 5. Tetonac
+amo yolcana tlamacaz quin tetometl.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, ynichalmecatl, yn inecaualac oqixicauhteuac y nioholti, y
+nioya, ixquatechimal iquatunal.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, ma xiyauh ti quilazteutl, momactemi in macxoyauh.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, iniquac onimitznotz, mochimalticpac timicoya.
+
+  4. _Q.n._, atle nomiuh yc notimaloa, ca uel itoloc in acatl nomiuh, yn
+acatl xeliui yc ninotimaloa.
+
+  5. _Q.n._, oncan euac in tetuman nitlacochtetumetl. Auh inaxcan ye
+quetzaltotol inic ni tlazcaltia.
+
+  6. _Q.n._, tiacauh in oteuh in atlaua, auh inaxcan yuhqui quetzaltotol
+in nitlazcaltia.
+
+
+_The Hymn of Atlaua._
+
+  1. I Chalmecatl, I Chalmecatl, I leave behind my sandles, I leave my
+sandles and my helmet.
+
+  2. Go ye forth and follow the goddess Quilaztli, follow her
+
+  3. I shall call upon thee to arise when among the shields, I shall
+call upon thee to arise.
+
+  4. I boast of my arrows, even my reed arrows, I boast of my arrows,
+not to be broken.
+
+  5. Arrayed in priestly garb, take the arrow in thy hand, for even now
+I shall arise and come forth like the quetzal bird.
+
+  6. Mighty is my god Atlaua; truly I shall arise and come forth like
+the quetzal bird.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+_Atlaua_, mentioned by Olmos, who translates the word "Master of
+waters," is a divinity of whom little is known. The derivation from
+_atlatl_, arrow, would seem more appropriate to the words of this hymn.
+_Chalmecatl_, used as a synonym in v. 1, appears to be from _chalania_,
+to beat, to strike, as a drum.
+
+On _Quilaztli_ see notes to Hymn XIII.
+
+
+
+
+XIX. _Macuilxochitl Icuic._
+
+
+  1. Ayya, yao, xochitlycaca umpan iuitza tlamacazecatla tlamocoyoalca.
+
+  2. Ayya, yao, ayo intinotzicaya teumechaue oya, yao, tlauizcalac
+yacallea tlamacazecatlo tlamocoyoualca.
+
+  3. Tetzauhteutla notecuyo tezcatlipuca quinanquilican cinteutla, oay.
+
+  4. Tezcatzonco moyolca ayyaquetl yya tochin quiyocuxquia noteuh,
+niquiyatlacaz, niquiyamamaliz, mixcoatepetl colhoacan.
+
+  5. Tozquixaya, nictzotzoniyao, yn tezcatzintli tezcatzintli
+tezcaxocoyeua, tzoniztapaliati tlaoc xoconoctlia ho, a.
+
+1. Tlamocoioaleua. 5. Tozquiuaia. Tzoniztapalatiati.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. _Q.n._, ompa nochan in xochitlicacan in itlamacazqui ni
+macuilxochitl.
+
+  2. _Q.n._, motilinia in tinoci in ompa titlaecoltilozque umpa tochan
+ez.
+
+  3. _Q.n._, yn tetzauitl in tezcatlipoca ca oyaque auh ynic tiui umpa
+titlananquilizque in centeotl.
+
+  4. Tezcatzonco moyolcan, _q.n._, tezcatzonco oyol in tochtli ynic yaz,
+oquiyocux, oquipic, y noteuh oquito nittlacaz, nicmamaliz, in
+mixcoatepetl colhoacan, _id est_, nictepeuaz.
+
+  5. Tozquixaya nictzotzomiao, _q.n._, nictzotzona, in tezcatzintli
+oncan nexa in tezcatzonco, oncan oyol tzoniztapalatiati ocxoni ni octli.
+
+
+_Hymn to Macuilxochitl._
+
+  1. Yes, I shall go there to-night, to the house of flowers; I shall
+exercise the priestly office to-night.
+
+  2. We labor in thy house, our mother, from dawn unto night, fulfilling
+the priestly office, laboring in the night.
+
+  3. A dreadful god is our god Tezcatlipoca, he is the only god, he will
+answer us.
+
+  4. His heart is in the Tezcatzontli; my god is not timid like a hare
+nor is he peaceable; I shall overturn, I shall penetrate the Mixcoatepec
+in Colhuacan.
+
+  5. I sing, I play on an instrument, I am the noble instrument, the
+mirror; I am he who lifts the mirror; I cry aloud, intoxicated with the
+wine of the tuna.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+As before stated (Notes to Hymn VIII), Macuilxochitl is another title of
+the flower-god Xochipilli.
+
+
+
+
+XX. _Yacatecutli icuic._
+
+
+  1. Anomatia aytoloc, anomatia aytoloc, tzocotzontla aytoloc,
+tzocotzontla anomatia aytoloc.
+
+  2. Pipitla aytoloc, pipitla anomatia aytoloc, cholotla aytoloc,
+pipitla anomatia aytoloc.
+
+  3. Tonacayutl nicmaceuh aca naxcan noquacuillo atliyollo,
+nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.
+
+  4. Chalchiuhpetlacalco ni naxcan aca naxcan noquacuillo, atliyollo
+nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.
+
+
+_Gloss._
+
+  1. Anomatia, _q.n._, amo nixpan in omito yauyutl inic otepeualoc
+tzocotzontla, amo nomatia in omito yauyutl.
+
+  2. Pipitla aytoloc, _q.n._, ynic tepeualoc pipitla amo nicmati inic
+omito yauyutl, in cholotla ic otepeualloc amo nixpan ynic oyautlatolloc.
+
+  3. Tonacayutl nicmaceuh, _q.n._, yn tonacayutl inic onicmaceuh
+ayaxcan, onechualhuicaque in oquacuiloan in xochayutl, in coqniayutl in
+teuelteca, quimilhui in iquintonaz tlatuiz anoquacuiloan ayezque. Xalli
+tepeuhya, _id est_, tlalocan. Quilmach chalchiuhpetlacalli in quitepeuh
+inic tepeuh.
+
+  4. Chalchiuhpetlacalco ninaxcan, _q.n._, onca ninotlati in chalchiuh
+petlacalco. Ayaxcan ynechualhuicatiaque yn oquacuiloan atliyoloa in umpa
+tlallocan.
+
+
+_Hymn to Yacatecutli._
+
+  1. I know not what is said, I know not what is said, what is said
+about Tzocotzontlan, I know not what is said about Tzocotzontlan.
+
+  2. I know not what is said of Pipitlan, what is said of Pipitlan, nor
+what is said of Cholollan, what of Pipitlan, of Pipitlan.
+
+  3. Now I seek our food, proceeding to eat it and to drink of the
+water, going to where the sand begins.
+
+  4. Now I go to my beautiful house, there to eat my food, and to drink
+of the water, going to where the sand begins.
+
+
+_Notes._
+
+The god Yacatecutli, whose name means "lord of travelers," or "the lord
+who guides," was the divinity of the merchants. Sahagun (_Historia_,
+Lib. I, cap. 19) and Duran (_Historia_, cap. 90) furnish us many
+particulars of his worship.
+
+The hymn is extremely obscure, containing a number of archaic words, and
+my rendering is very doubtful. The writer of the Gloss is, I think, also
+at fault in his paraphrase. The general purpose of the hymn seems to be
+that of a death-song, chanted probably by the victims about to be
+sacrificed. They were given the sacred food to eat, as described by
+Duran, and then prepared themselves to undergo death, hoping to go to
+"the beautiful house," which the Gloss explains as Tlalocan, the
+Terrestrial Paradise.
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY.
+
+
+A
+
+A, prefix, negative, or positive prefix, = _atl_, water.
+Acatecunotzaya, XVIII, 3. Equivalent, according to the Gloss, to
+                _onimitznotz_.
+Acatona, XVI, 1, 2. For _ac a tonan_. _See_ v. 2.
+Acatonalaya, III, 5. From _acatl_, reed (?).
+Achalchiuhtla, XV, 3. Comp. of _atl_, and _chalchiuitl_.
+Achtoquetl, XV, 3, 4. In the first place, first.
+Acxolma, XIII, 2. Apparently related to _acxoyatl_, wild laurel.
+Acan, XIII, 3. Much, many times.
+Aca naxcan, XVIII, 5, 6; XX, 3, 4. Only now, for _can axcan_.
+Ahuia, II, 1. An interjection.
+Amanteca, I, 5. Workers in mechanic arts (Molina), especially feathers
+          (Sahagun).
+Amapanitl, III, 1. _Panitl_, banner, flag, with possessive pronoun.
+Amo, _adv._, no, not, negative; _pron._, your.
+Anauhcampa, III, 1. "To all four quarters of the water," i.e., in all
+            directions.
+Anneuaya, III, 2. Poetic for _in nehuatl_, "ego ipse."
+Annotata, III, 4. Poetic for _in no-tauan_, my forefathers.
+Annotequina, III, 3. According to the Gloss, equivalent to _in tino
+             teuh_, thou my god.
+Annoteua, III, 2. Poetic for _in no-teuh_, my lord.
+Anomatia, XX, 1. Not to know, to be ignorant of.
+Aoyequene, III, 1. For _aoc yequene_, "and also no one."
+Apana, XV, 2. Comp. of _atl_, water, and _pani_, upon, postpos.
+Aquamotla, III, 5. From _quammomotla_, to play ball (?).
+Aquitoloc, II, 1. A negative, _itoa_, to say, to tell, in the passive
+           preterit.
+Ateucuitlatl, XV, 3. Golden water. Comp. of _atl_, and _teocuitlatl_.
+Atilili, VIII, 2. _Atilia_, to become clear or light.
+Atl, XIV, 4. Water. In composition, _a_.
+Atliyollo, XX, 3, 4. From _atli_, to drink water. (?)
+Aua, III, 7. An interjection (?).
+Auatic, IV, 6. Mistress of the waters (_atl_, water).
+A-uetztini, XI, 2. From _uetzi_, to fall; "your fall," "your destruction."
+Auiallo, XIV, 7. From _auia_, to be content, to rejoice.
+Axalaco, XVII, 4. From _axalli_, a water plant, and loc. term. _co_.
+Ayac, I, 1, _et saepe_. Nobody, no one.
+Ayauh, III, 6. Fog, mist; compound form of _ayauitl_.
+Ayauhcalcatl, VI, 6. One who has charge of the mist. Compare
+              _tepancalcatl_, a gardener.
+Ayailicalo, III, 6. From _ayauh_, _calli_, the house of mist, but the
+            Gloss renders it by _auicalo_, the fresh, dewy house (cf.
+            Sah., p. 150).
+Aylhuicolla, III, 2. Derived by the Gloss from _ilhuice_, more, hence,
+             to make to grow, to increase.
+Ayouica, VI, 5. For _ayaic_, never.
+Aytoloc, XVIII, 4; XX, 1, 2. From _itoa_, to say, to tell, with negative
+         prefix.
+Ayya, I, 1, _et saepe_; also in the forms _yya_, _ya_, _yyo_, _yye_,
+      _aya_, _ayyo_, etc. An interjection, or shout.
+
+
+C
+
+Ca. 1. And, also. 2. To be.
+Ca, Can, VII, 1. Only, solely.
+Cacauantoc, VI, 5. Reduplicated from _caua_, to cease, stop, leave off.
+Cacauatla, XI, 2. "Among the cacao trees."
+Calli, I, 5, 6. House; _calipan_, in the house.
+Cana, XII, 1. Somewhere.
+Cane, XII, 1. For _ca nel_, and truly.
+Caqui, VIII, 2. To hear, to listen.
+Caquia, II, 1. From _caqui_, to hear.
+Catlachtoquetl, III, 3. Apparently compounded of the interrogative
+                _catli_ and _tlacatl_, man, mortal; what mortal?
+Catella, III, 4. For _catel_; who indeed?
+Caua, XIV, 7; XV, 2. To cease, to stop; to surpass; to lay down.
+Ce, I, 2; XV, 4. One, a, an.
+Cenpoliuiz, XIII, 7. From _cempoliui_, to perish wholly.
+Centeutl, VII, 6; VIII, 1, 5; XIV, 4; XIX, 3. Prop. name. The god of
+          maize.
+Centla, XIII, 2. For _centli_, ear of corn, dried corn.
+Centlalia, I, 5, 6. To assemble.
+Chacalhoa, XIV, 11. For _chachaloa_, to tinkle, to resound.
+Chalchimamatlaco, XV, 2. Compound of _chalchiuitl_, jade, turquoise;
+                  hence of that color; _mama_, to carry; ref. to betake
+                  oneself; _atl_, water; _co_, postposition.
+Chalchimichuacan, XIV, 4. "The cerulean home of the fishes."
+Chalchiuhecatl, XIV, 9. From _chalchiuitl_, jade; metaphorically,
+                anything precious.
+Chalmecatl, XVIII, 1. From _chalani_, to beat, to strike. Apparently a
+            proper name.
+Chalmecatecutli, XIII, 5. "Ruler of the (drum) beaters." Comp. v. 1.
+Chalima, XIII, 1. Apparently for _chalani_, to strike, to beat,
+         especially a drum.
+Chan, XVI, 1, 2; XVII, 2. House, home.
+Chicauaztica, III, 6; XIII, 2, 3. Strongly, boldly, energetically.
+Chicomoztoc, VII, 1. "At the seven caves." _See_ Notes to Hymn VII.
+Chicomollotzin, XVI, 1. _See_ Notes, p. 59.
+Chicueyocan, VI, 2. In eight folds. From _chicuei_, eight.
+Chicunaui, IV, 6. Nine; but used generally in the sense of "many,"
+           "numerous."
+Chimal, XI, 2. For _chimalli_, buckler, shield.
+Chimalticpac, XVIII, 3. "Above the shield."
+Chipuchica, V, 1. Metastasis for _ichpochtica_, from _ichpochtli_,
+            virgin.
+Chiua, III, 3. To make, to form, to do.
+Chocaya, III, 1, 7. From _choca_, to weep, to cry out.
+Chocayotica, XII, 2. Adverbial from _choca_: "weepingly."
+Cholola, XIV, 11; XX, 2. Proper name. "Place of the fugitives."
+Cipactonalla, VIII, 2. From _tonalli_, the sun, day. Perhaps a proper
+              name.
+Ciuatontla, VI, 6. For _ciuatontli_, little woman.
+Coatepec, V, 1. At the _Coatepetl_, or Serpent Hill.
+Cochina, XIV, 12. From _cochi_, to sleep.
+Colhoa, XIII, 1. For _Colhoacan_, proper name.
+Coliuacan, XVII, 2; XIX, 4. Proper name, for _Colhoacan_.
+Cotiuana, X, 1. Probably for _xo(xi-on)titaana_, tie hands, join hands.
+Cocauic, IV, 1, 2. Poetic for _coztic_, yellow; literally, "yellowed,"
+         from _cocauia_.
+Cozcapantica, XII, 1. Adverbial, from _cozcatl_, a jewel, fig., an
+              infant.
+Cozcapilla, XII, 4. From _cozcatl_, _pilli_, "jewel of a babe."
+Cuecuechiuia, V, 2. From _cuecuechoa_, to shake.
+Cuecuexi, XI, 3. From _cuecuechoa_, to shake.
+Cueponi, IV, 1, etc. To bloom, to blossom.
+Cuicatl, I, 1, _et saepe_. Hymn, song. In compos., _cuic_.
+
+
+E
+
+Eztlamiyaual, III, 2. Apparently from _eztli_, blood, race, and
+              _tlamiauati_, to surpass, to excel.
+
+
+H
+
+Huia, II, 3. _See_ _Ahuia_.
+
+
+Y
+
+Y, I. For _in_ (_yn_), he, it, the, that, etc.
+Ya. _See_ Ayya.
+Yancuic, IV, 7. New, fresh, green.
+Yancuipilla, XII, 3. New-born babe.
+Yantata, XIV, 3. An exclamation.
+Yaquetlaya, I, 1. Apparently a form of _tlayacati_, or of _yaque_, both
+            from the root _yac-_, a point, a prominence, to be
+            prominent. But the etymology is not clear.
+Yauciuatzin, XIII, 6. _Yaotl-cihuatl-tzin_, "the revered war-woman."
+Yauicaya, III, 2. From _yauh_, to go.
+Yauilili, XI, 5. Causative form of _yauh_, "to cause to go," to put to
+          flight.
+Yautiua, I, 5, 6. Freq. from _yaotia_, to fight.
+Yautlatoaquetl, XV, 3, 4. _See_ _yautlatoaya_.
+Yautlatoaya, I, 3; V. 1. From _yaotl_, war, _tlatoa_, to speak.
+             _Yautlatoani_, ruler in war, was one of the titles of
+             Huitzilopochtli.
+Yaxcana, III, 9. _Axcan_, now. _Axcatl_, goods, property. _Yaxca_, his,
+         its, property.
+Yayalezqui, III, 7, 8. Frequent. of _yaliztli_; to go and come, go back
+            and forth.
+Yca, IV, 6. With which.
+Iccotl, VI, 2. A tree planted in front of temples. Its bark was used for
+        mats (Sahagun).
+Icnocaua, XVI, 1, 2. To leave unprotected, as orphans.
+Ye, VIII, 1. Already, this, but, nevertheless.
+Yecoa, XIII, 8; XIV, 2. 1. To have carnal connection. 2. To end, to
+       finish.
+Yeua, I, 4, etc. For _yehuatl_, he, it, that.
+Ihuitl, I, 3; IV, 7. A feather; _met._, a model, pattern.
+Ihiya, II, 2. Apparently for _iye_, yes, affirmative particle.
+Ilhuiquetl, III, 8. From _ilhuia_, to say, to call.
+Iliuiz, XV, 5. Thoughtlessly; with negative prefix _a_, not
+        thoughtlessly.
+Ymocxi, I, 2. Poetic for _in micti_, from _mictia_, to slaughter.
+Yoalticatla, VIII, 1. _Yoalli-ticatla_, midnight.
+Yoalli, XV, 1. Night.
+Yoatzin, XV, 3, 4. Reverential of _yoalli_, night.
+Yocoxquia, XIX, 4. Peaceably, quietly.
+Yolcan, XVIII, 5. Place of birth.
+Yolceuiz, XV, 3, 4. To appease, to please.
+Yollotl, IV, 6. Heart, mind, center.
+Itaca, IV, 6. For _itacatl_, food, sustenance.
+Iteamic, XIV, 11. From _itta_, to see.
+Itlani, XIV, 7. _See_ _Tlani_.
+Itontecuitl, VI, 5. Explained by the Gloss by _in tetecuti_, which I
+             take to be an error for _in teteuctin_.
+Itopanecauiloc, III, 9. The Gloss gives _ni topan_. The verbal is a
+                passive from _caua_, to leave, to abandon.
+Itta, IV, 8. To see, to esteem.
+Ytzicotla, II, 5. For _uitzicotla_, lit., place abounding in thorns;
+           fig., the south.
+Itzipana, X, 4. Apparently a compound of _ixtli_, face, and _pan_, for
+          the more usual _ixpan_, before, in front of; _ixtli_ in comp.
+          sometimes becomes _itz_, as in _itzoca_, "tener sucia la
+          cara," Molina, _Vocabulario_.
+Itziueponi, XI, 4. For _itztle-cueponi_, "resplendent with spears."
+Itzpapalotl, IV, 5. "The obsidian butterfly," an image of gold and
+             feathers, worn as a royal insignia. _See_ Sahagun, Lib.
+             VII, Cap. 12.
+Yua, III, 8. To send.
+Yuitla, XIII, 6. _See_ _ihuitl_.
+Yuiyoc, II, 3, 4, 5. From _yuiyotl_, a feather, _yuiyoa_, to be dressed
+        in feathers, or feather garments.
+Ixtlauatl, IV, 6. Open field, uncultivated region.
+Yyaconay, I, 1. For _ayac-on-ay_, as appears by the gloss.
+Yya. _See_ Ayya.
+Izqui, XIV, 8. As many as.
+Iztac, IV, 3, 4. White.
+Iz tleica, VI, 3; XV, 1. "Here is why." The interrogative changed into
+           the predicative form. _See_ Paredes, _Compendio_, p. 154.
+
+
+M
+
+Ma, VI, 1. 1. Sign of negative, no, not. 2. Sign of imperative.
+Macaiui, XVII, 3, 4. From _macoa_, and _i_, to drink.
+Maceualli, VI, 4. Subjects, servants.
+Maceuh, XX, 3. From _maceua_, to seek for, to obtain.
+Mach, XIV, 7. Intensive particle.
+Machiyotla, II, 6, 7. For _machiotl_, sign, example.
+Macoa, I, 3; XVII, 3. To aid, to assist.
+Macxoyauh, XVIII, 3. By the Gloss, for _ma-xi-yauh_, imper. of _yauh_,
+           to go.
+Malinalli, XIII, 4. A broom.
+Malli, II, 3, 4, 5. Captive; one taken by hand.
+Mama, XIV, 11. To carry a load on the shoulders.
+Mamalia, XIX, 4. To penetrate.
+Mamauia, I, 4. To frighten, frequentative-causative, from _maui_, to
+         fear.
+Maololo, XIV, 12. From _ma-ololo_, to cover with the hand.
+Mati, II, 1. To know.
+Matiuia, XIV, 11. For _matihuia_, from _mati_.
+Matlauacal, VII, 4. A net-basket.
+Ma-tonicaya, X, 1. Let it shine, let it be bright; from _tona_.
+Mauia, II, 3, 4, 5. To give into the hands of, to deliver up.
+Maui noyol, XIV, 11. To fear in my heart.
+Mauiztli, VI, 5, XIII, 5. An honor (_cosa de estima_, _Molina_). A
+          person of honor.
+Mazatl, IV, 6. (Doubtful.) Deer; any large wild animal.
+Mecatla, VI, 2. For _mecatl_, cord, rope.
+Milacatzoa, I, 4. _Mo-ilacatzoa_, to twine oneself, as a serpent around
+            a tree; refers to the _xiuhcoatl_, fire-serpent, of
+            Huitzilopochtli.
+Mimicha, IV, 8. Fish, for _michin_.
+Mimilcatoc, VI, 2. Twisted, twined.
+Miquiyecauiz, XIV, 8. Compound of _miqui_, to die, and _yecaui_, to
+              cease; "to cease dying."
+Mitoaya, I, 3. For _mo-itoa-ya_, it is said, they said.
+Mixcoatepetl, XIX, 4. The mountain or town of Mixcoatl.
+Mixcoatl, XIII, 5. A proper name.
+Mixiui, XII, 1. To accouch, to bear a child.
+Mixtecatl, I, 2. A proper name. The Mixteca lived on the Pacific coast,
+           to the southwest, and were not of Nahuatl lineage.
+Mixiuiloc, V, 1. From _mixiui_, to accouch, to bear a child.
+Mo-cuiltonoa, VI, 5. To rejoice or enjoy greatly.
+Monecoya, XVIII, 3. From _neci_, to appear.
+Mo-neuila, XIII, 7. From _eua_, to rise up, to come forth.
+Mo-quetzquetl, III, 1. For _m-oquequetz_, frequent. of _quetza_; to flow
+               forth, to run from and out. A poetic form, not uncommon.
+Moquichtiuiui, V, 2. _Oquichuia_, to suffer manfully.
+Mo-teca, XIV, 9. They assemble; impers. from _teca_, to place oneself,
+         to lie down.
+Moteua, XV, 4. Perhaps from _itoa_, to say, "it is said."
+Mo-tlaquechizca, XIII, 2, 3, 4. Strengthened form of _tlaquechia_, to
+                 rest upon; to bear down upon; to press upon.
+Mo-tlaqueuia, XI, 2. To seek people, or to hire them to work injury to
+              others.
+Mo-tonacayouh, III, 3. Our flesh; the usual form is _tonacayo_.
+Moxayaual, V, 2. From _yaualoa_, to wander about.
+Moxocha, IV, 2, 4. Probably a compound of _moxochitl-cha-yaui_, to sow
+         flowers.
+Mozcaltizqui, IV, 6. From _mo-izcali_, to resuscitate, to animate.
+
+
+N
+
+Nacha, III, 7. For _nachcan_, there, in that place.
+Nacochtla, XIV, 11. The ears.
+Nahuia, III, 6. From _naui_, four.
+Nanquilia, VII, 6; XIX, 3. To answer.
+Nauaco, XI, 5. "With (my) skill."
+Naualpilli, III, 3. "Master magician;" said by the Gloss to be a name of
+            Tlaloc. Sahagun gives this as one of the gods of the
+            goldsmiths (Lib. IX, cap. 18).
+Naualachic, XIV, 9. Skilfully; from _naualchiua_, to do something
+            skilfully.
+Nauaquia, XIV, 6. Perhaps for _nahuaque_, an epithet of divinity.
+Nauhxiuhtica, III, 9. "After four years" (Molina).
+Necazualcactla, XVIII, 1. From the Gloss equivalent to _necaualacautla_,
+                from _necaualiztli_, fast, fasting, and _caua_, to
+                leave.
+Nechyatetemilli, XIII, 5. Reverential of _temi_, to lie down, to fill.
+Necuilia, X, 2. To bring some one.
+Nella, III, 3. For _nelli_, truly.
+Nen, adv. I, 1. In vain, of no advantage.
+Nenequia, XV, 1. To oppose, to be angry with.
+Nenoualico, XI, 2. See _Onoalico_. _Ne_ is the impersonal, pronominal
+            prefix.
+Nepaniui, VIII, 5. To join, to unite oneself to.
+Nepanauia, III, 9. _Nepan_, thither, and _yauh_, to go.
+Nepapan, II, 2; XIV, 5. Diverse, varied.
+Ne-qui-macui, VII, 5. "I take them by the hand." Explained by the Gloss
+              to be an archaic (_chicimeca_) expression used in leading
+              or guiding (in dance or song).
+Niuaya, X, 2. For _ni-ihua-ya_, I sent (some one).
+Ni-yocoloc, III, 2. Passive preterit from _yocoya_; _yocolia_, to be
+            made, composed, created.
+No. 1. Possess, pron. my, mine. 2. Adv. also, yet.
+Noca, I, 1. Of me, my, mine.
+Nohuihuihuia, I, 1. Poetic form for _neuiuilia_, to equal some one.
+Nomactemi, XIII, 3, 4. _No-maitl-c-temi_, my hand it fills, = with full
+           hands.
+Nomauilia, X, 4. To do a thing personally.
+Nomiuh, XVIII, 4. _No-omitl_, my bone, point, arrow.
+Nopeltzin, XIII, 5. _No-pilli-tzin_, "my revered lord."
+No-tauane, VI, 1. Our fathers.
+No-tecua, VI, 2. For _nic-tecuia_, I tie it, I make it fast. The Gloss,
+          _amo-tecuhuan_, is not intelligible.
+No-teuh, I, 3; XX, 2, 4. "My god."
+Noyoco, XI, 5. Apparently for _niyoco_, "with me alone."
+Noyollo, XV, 3. From _yollotl_, heart, soul, courage, etc.
+
+
+O
+
+Oc, II, 2. Yet, besides this.
+Ocelocoatl, III, 4. "Tiger snake."
+Ocoyoalle, VIII, 2. "The night pine." Apparently a proper name.
+Ocutitlana, XI, 2. "Among the pine woods."
+Oholopa, II, 3. Poetic compound of _ololoa_, to cover, to dress, and
+         _oppa_, twice.
+Ollama, XIV, 9. To play at ball; from _olli_, a ball.
+Olya, XVIII, 1. A form from _ololoa_, to cover or clothe oneself.
+Omei, XIII, 5. For _ome_, two; the Gloss reads _matlactli ome_, twelve.
+On, I, 1, _et saepe_. A particle, merely euphonic, or signifying action
+    at a distance.
+Onca, _saepe_. There.
+Onoalico, XI, 1. Proper name, derived from _onoua_, the impersonal form
+          of _onoc_, and meaning "a peopled place," a thickly inhabited
+          spot. The terminal, _co_, is the postposition, at.
+Opuchi, XVIII, 6. "Left-handed;" by the Gloss = _tiacauh_, brave,
+        valiant.
+Oquixanimanico, X, 1. A form in the second person plural, compounded of
+                _quica_ and _mani_, "coming forth, scatter yourselves
+                around."
+Otlacatqui, XIV, 3, 4. _Ilacati_, to be born.
+Otli, VIII, 5. Path, road.
+Ouayyeo, I, 2. An interjection.
+Oya, _saepe_. 1. An interjection. 2. Preterit of _yauh_, to go.
+Oyatonac, II, 6, 7. For _otonac_, from _tona_, to shine.
+Oztomecatl, XIV, 11. A merchant.
+
+
+P
+
+Petlacalco, XX, 4. From _petlatl_, mat, _calli_, house, and _co_,
+            post-position.
+Peua, VI, 3. To begin.
+Picha-huazteca, I, 2. Proper name, "The frozen Huastecs," perhaps those
+                living on the high Sierra, who were the nearest to the
+                Nahuas.
+Pillachiualoyan, XIV, 4. Locative from _pilli-chiua_, to engender
+                 offspring.
+Piltzintecutli, IX, 2; XIV, 9. Lord of the youths or children,
+                _piltzintli_.
+Pipiteca, I, 6. Those having charge of the spies, from _pipia_, to spy.
+Pipitla, XX, 2. Reduplicated locative from _pilli_, a child.
+Pinauhtia, VI, 1. To make ashamed.
+Pinauia, II, 1; III, 3, 4. To affront, to put to shame; to censure, to
+         blame.
+Poliuiz, XV, 3. From _poloa_, to destroy.
+Pomaya, I, 2; XI, 1. Apparently for _panauia_, to conquer.
+Potocaya, XIII, 6, 7. _Potli_, companion.
+Potonia, IV, 7; XIV, 10. To be liberal, to give equally or freely; to
+         adorn with feathers.
+Poyauhtla, III, 6. Among the fogs, from _poctli_, smoke, fog, mist;
+           _atl_, water.
+Pupuxotiuh, I, 3. A gerundive form from _popoxoa_, to till, to work the
+            soil; here used figuratively.
+
+
+Q
+
+Quacuillo, III, 4; XX, 3. From _qua_, to eat.
+Quatonalla, XVIII, 1. "Head bright," the helmet on the head.
+Quaui, XIII, 1. A shortened form of _quauiuitl_, in the same verse;
+       compound of _quauhtli_, eagle, _iuitl_, feather; a decoration
+       explained in the Gloss, usually called the _quauhtzontli_, eagle
+       crest.
+Quauinochitla, XI, 2. "Among the tuna trees."
+Quauiquemitl, II, 2. From _quauhtli_, eagle, _quemitl_, clothing, garb.
+Quechol, XIV, 5, 7. A bird.
+Quentia, XV, 1. To dress oneself.
+Quetl, II, 2. Poetic for _quetza_, to rise, to come out of or from. See
+       Gloss to III, 7.
+Quetza, XIV, 6. To arise from.
+Quetzalaueuetl, XV, 2. Of _quetzal_, beautiful, and _aueuetl_, the water
+                cypress, fig. chief, lord.
+Quetzalcalla, III, 9. "The house of the quetzal," beautiful as the
+              quetzal bird. Explained in the Gloss to be the Place of
+              Joy.
+Quetzalcoatli, XI, 3; XIV, 6. Proper name.
+Quetzalcocox, VII, 6; VIII, 7. The pheasant.
+Queyamica, III, 8. For _quenamican_, how there?
+Queyanoca, I, 1. According to the Gloss, equivalent to _onoca_, from
+           _onoc_.
+Quiauiteteu, VIII, 6. Rain gods; _quiauitl_, rain; _teteu_, plural of
+             _teotl_, god.
+Quilaztla, XIII, 1. For Quilaztli, another name of Cihuacoatl.
+Quilazteutl, XVIII, 2. _See_ _Quilaztla_.
+Quinexaqui, VII, 1. Explained by the Gloss by _oniualleuac_, I came
+            quickly (_eua_, in composition, signifies precipitation).
+            Hence it is a form from _yauh_, _yaqui_.
+Quiyauatla, VI, 6. Poetic for _quiauitl_, rain.
+
+
+T
+
+Tamoanchan, IV, 1, etc. "We seek our home," a name applied to the
+            Earthly Paradise. See p. 29.
+Teacuitlaquemitl, XV, 1. Golden garb.
+Teca, III, 6. To spread out, especially of liquids.
+Tecpanteutl, XVII, 3, 4. "Palace god."
+Teicnellili, VI, 5. A benefit, an advantage.
+Teizcaltequetl, III, 9. That which gives wisdom and life. "Teizcali,
+                cosa que da doctrina, y aviva, y da entendimiento"
+                (Molina).
+Telipuchtla, II, 3, 4, 5. For _telpochtli_, a youth.
+Temacouia, VI, 4. From _temaca_, to give, to deliver into the hands of.
+Temoquetl, III, 8. From _temoa_, to seek, _quiza_, to go forth.
+Tenamitl, I, 3. The wall of a city; hence, a town or city.
+Tepanecatl, XI, 3. "Dweller in the palace." A proper name.
+Tepanquizqui, I, 3. A substitute, one who represents another.
+Tepetitlan, V, 2. "Among the mountains."
+Tepeuh, XX, 3, 4. From _peua_, to begin.
+Tepeyocpa, XV, 4. From _tepetl_, _pan_.
+Tequiua, II, 1; V, 2, From _tequiutl_, task, labor, but explained by the
+         Gloss as equivalent to _tepeua_, to overthrow, to conquer.
+Tetemoya, II, 6, 7. Frequentative from _temo_, to descend, to come down,
+          _tetemo_.
+Tetoma, XVIII, 5. From _toma_, to open, to send forth, to let loose.
+Tezauhpilla, III, 8. "Master of fear."
+Tetzauiztli, I, 2. An object which causes fear. A name of
+             Huitzilopochtli. See Tezozomoc, _Cronica Mexicana_, cap.
+             VI.
+Teuaqui, II, 6, 7. From _teotl_, god, _aqui_, to enter, to penetrate.
+Teucontlipaca, IV, 5. Explained by the Gloss as _teucumitl icpac_, upon
+               the thorn bush _teocumitl_, espina grande, Molina). But I
+               should think it to be a compound of _teotl_, _conetl_,
+               _icpac_, "upon the son of the goddess." The son of
+               Teteunan was especially Centeotl, god of maize.
+Teueuel, V, 2. Poetic from _ueue_, the ancients, the elders.
+Teumechaue, IV, 1, 2, 3, 4; VIII, 2; XIX, 2. Perhaps from
+            _teo-ome-chayaue_, "the twice divine seed-thrower," or
+            _teometl-chayaue_, the planter of the divine maguey.
+Teumilco, XIII, 2. From _teotl_, _milli_, _co_, "in the divine
+          cornfield," fig. reference to the battlefield.
+Teutiualcoya, III, 2. The Gloss reads _teuitualcoya_, from _teotl_, god,
+              _ittualo_, passive of _itta_, to see.
+Teu-tlaneuiloc, III, 1. Explained by the Gloss as equivalent to
+                _onetlanauiloc_, an impersonal, passive, preterit, from
+                _naua_, "it was danced." The peculiar sacred dance
+                called _tlanaua_, performed by young girls, is described
+                by Sahagun, Lib. II, cap. 24.
+Teutlalipan, IV, 8. In the divine earth.
+Teyomi, VII, 1. From _teyo_, esteemed, honored.
+Tezcatlipuca, XIX, 2. Proper name of a divinity.
+Tezcatzintli, XIX, 5. Proper name from _tezcatl_, mirror.
+Tezcatzonco, XVII, 3; XIX, 4. Apparently the name of a part of the
+             temple.
+Tianquiz, XIV, 6. The market place.
+Ticatl, IV, 7. Chalk; fig., model, pattern.
+Timalla, XVIII, 4. Form of _timalloa_, to swell, to increase; fig., to
+         rejoice, to glorify oneself.
+Tlacaluaz, XIV, 7. For _tlacaluaztli_, a blow-pipe.
+Tlacati, XV, 3, 4. For _tlacatl_.
+Tlacatl, II, 1; XIII, 7. Mortal, creature, person.
+Tlacaz, XIX, 4. From _tlaca_, to overturn.
+Tlachco, XIV, 10. The place of the ball play.
+Tlachinaya, XIV, 5. From _tlachia_, to see.
+Tlachtli, VII, 6. The ball.
+Tlacochcalco, II, 1; X, 1. From _tlacochtli_, arrow, or generally,
+              weapon, _calli_, house, _co_, post-position, in "the hall
+              of weapons," or arsenal. It was a room in that part of the
+              temple dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, and was filled with
+              arrows, spears, etc. Sahagun, Lib. VIII, cap. 32.
+Tlacolteutla, XIV, 2. Name of a Mexican goddess.
+Tlacoyoalle, XIV, 1. At midnight.
+Tlacyaniuitza, IX, 1. Probably for _tlayauani ni-huitz_, I come dancing,
+               as a dancer.
+Tlaixtotoca, X, 3. _Ixtotoca_, to search for.
+Tlalli, XIV, 10. To place oneself; earth, ground.
+Tlalocan, III, 5; XVI, 1. The home of Tlaloc. See p. 25.
+Tlaloc tlamacazque, VIII, 3, 4, 6. "Dispensers of the benefits of
+                    Tlaloc"; the name applied to the priests of this
+                    divinity.
+Tlalpa, XIV, 6. From _tlalli_, earth, and _pan_.
+Tlaltecutli, IV, 6. _Tlalli_, _tecutli_; lord of the earth or land.
+Tlamacazecatlo, XIX, 2. For _tlamacaztecatl_, one concerned with the
+                priestly office.
+Tlamocoyoualca, XIX, 1, 2. Apparently from _tlamaca_, to serve.
+Tlani, XIV, 7. Below; _i-tlani_, below it.
+Tlanuati, VIII, 3, 4. To send.
+Tlapani, XVIII, 2. To break.
+Tlapitza, XIV, 7. A flute.
+Tlapoalli, III, 9. To number, to reckon.
+Tlapomaya, _see_ _Pomaya_.
+Tlaquaua, XV, 3, 4. To make strong, or hard.
+Tlatia, XV, 1. 1. To hide oneself. 2. To burn oneself.
+Tlatoa, XIV, 7, 11. To sing, to chant, to speak.
+Tlatol, III, 8. For _tlatolli_, speech, discourses, prayers.
+Tlatonazqui, XIV, 5. From _tona_, to shine.
+Tlauana, XV, 1. To drink wine (_octli_),
+Tlauia, XV, 1. To appear red or shining.
+Tlauizcalle, XIV, 5; XIX, 2. Master of the house of the dawn. The
+             terminal _e_ signifies an active possessive.
+Tlayauican, IX, 1. The dancing-place; from _tlayaua_, to dance in a
+            certain manner.
+Tlaxotecatl teuhtla, I, 4. _See_ Tlaxotla.
+Tlaxotla, I, 3. Passive form from _tlaca_, to hurl, to throw.
+          Huitzilopochtli was specifically "the hurler." _See_ Notes to
+          Hymn I.
+Tociquemitl, I, 1. From _to-citli-quemitl_, vestment of our ancestress.
+Tocniuaya, VIII, 1. _To-icniuh_, our friend.
+Tocuilitla, II, 7. _See_ Tocuilechcatl.
+Tociuitica, XIV, 10. From _to-citli-yuitl_, with adverbial ending; "in
+            the feather garb of our ancestors."
+Tocuilechcatl, II, 2. _To_, our, _cuilia_, to paint, adorn; "our
+               adornment."
+To-naca, XIII, 2. "Our flesh."
+Tonanaya, XIII, 5. Reduplicated for _tonaya_, to shine forth.
+Tonaqui, I, 1. A form from _tona_, to shine.
+Tonana, IV, 1. "Our mother;" _nantli_.
+Topaniaz, IX, 2. The Gloss reads more correctly, _no umpa niaz_, "also
+          there I shall go."
+Totoch, X, 1; XVII, title. _Tochtli_, a rabbit; the name of a god of
+        wine; also, of a day of the week.
+Toyauan, I, 5, 6. _To-yauan_, our enemies. (_See_ Olmos. _Gram._, p.
+         25.)
+Tozquiuaua, XIX, 5. From _tozquitl_, voice.
+Tzioac, XIII, 5. For _tzioactli_, a sacred tree; here apparently fig.
+        for a sacred person.
+Tzioactitlan, VII, 2. "In the tzihuac bushes;" the tzihuac was a kind of
+              maguey of a sacred character. _See_ my _Ancient Nahuatl
+              Poetry_, p. 140.
+Tziuaquimiuh, VII, 3. "My havresac made of tzihuac fibres."
+Tzocotzontla, XX, 1. From _tzocoton_, little, _tzontli_, hair.
+Tzonimolco, VI, 1. "Where the hair spreads abroad." The name of the hall
+            sacred to the god of fire in the temple. The expression
+            refers figuratively to the flames blazing upwards like hair
+            from a head.
+Tzotzonia, XIX, 5. To play on an instrument.
+
+
+U
+
+Ualitla, XV, 4. Comp. of _uallauh_ and _itla_.
+Uallacic, VIII, 5. From _uallauh_, to come, and _acic_, which adds the
+          sense of approaching near.
+Ualmeua, XII, 3. To cry lustily.
+Ueca, X, 1. Far.
+Uel, or Huel, adv., I, 4. Well.
+Uelmatia, III, 4. To appear well, to be well.
+Ueponi, VII, 1. _Uepollotl_, kin, relations.
+Uexcaitoa, II, 1. To offer harm, to curse.
+Uicacapa, IV, 7. Towards, to.
+Uitzalochpan, XIII, 1. Compound of _huitz_, to come, and _tlaloa_, to
+              run.
+Uitzetla, II, 2. For _uitzlan_, in at the south, or the place of thorns.
+Uitznauac, II, 4. For Huitznauac. _See_ Notes to Hymn II.
+Uitztla, XIII, 3. According to the Gloss to v. 4, this is a poetic form
+         for _uictli_, a hoe, the native agricultural implement.
+
+
+X
+
+Xamontoca, IV, 7. _Xi-am-on-itta_, from _itta_, to look, to see. Compare
+           the Gloss.
+Xatenonotza, VI, 6. For _xi-tenonotza_, call ye upon, pray ye to.
+Xayaualli, XIII, 8. From _xayaua_, to adorn oneself in the ancient
+           manner.
+Xeliui, XVIII, 4. To split, to divide.
+Ximocaya, III, 9. Rendered by the Gloss as equivalent to _ximoayan_, the
+          Paradise of Souls; _see_ my _Ancient Nahuatl Poetry_, p. 132.
+Ximicotica, XVI, 1, 2. From _ica_, to wake up, awake.
+Xiuh, IV, 8. Green; grass.
+Xiuacalco, III, 5. From _xiuh_, _calli_, _co_, in the green house; the
+           Gloss explains it by _acxoyacalco_, "in the house of the wild
+           laurel," or decorated with wild laurel, a plant probably
+           sacred to Tlaloc.
+Xiuicoatl, XV, 2. Grass snake, or green snake. From _xiuitl_, _coatl_.
+Xiyanouia, III, 6. Imperative from _yauh_, to go.
+Xochinquauitl, XIV, 7. The flower-tree.
+Xochiquetzal, XIV, 11. Proper name of a deity.
+Xochitla, IV, 1, etc. Flowers, place of, or abundance of. From
+          _xochitl_.
+Xochitlicacan, XIV, 3, 5. The place of flowers.
+Xoconoctli, XIX, 5. From _xocotl_, fruit, apple.
+Xocoyeua, XIX, 5. From _xococtl_, fruit.
+Xolotl, XIV, 9. A servant, a page.
+Xoyauia, IX, 2. From _xoyaui_, to begrime, to spoil; _xoyauian_, the
+         place of blackness, or of decay.
+Xoxolcuicatl, VI, 5. From _xolotl_, servant, page, and _cuicatl_, song.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+Abundance, the fabled house of,
+Amanteca,
+Amantlan; a quarter of the city of Tenochtitlan,
+Amimitl, the god:
+  hymn to,
+  his functions,
+Ancient god, the, a name of the god of fire,
+"Ancient Nahuatl Poetry," quoted,
+Arrows:
+  the house of,
+  god of,
+Artists, the goddess of,
+Atlaua, the god:
+  hymn to,
+  signification of,
+Auroras, the four,
+Ayopechtli _or_ Ayopechcatl, a goddess:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+Aztec:
+  Mythology, Paradise of,
+  nation, wars of,
+
+Ball, the game of,
+Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana,
+Bread and water, fasting on,
+Bustamente, his edition of Sahagun's _Historia_,
+
+Cardinal points as symbols,
+Chalchiucihuatl, a name of the goddess Chicomecoatl,
+Chalmecatl, name of a deity,
+Chichimecs, an ancient tribe,
+Chicomecoatl, the goddess:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+  her names,
+Chicomolotl, a name of the goddess Chicomecoatl,
+Chicomoztoc, the "seven caves,"
+Childbirth, goddess of,
+Chimalman, the goddess of,
+Chimalipan, the virgin-mother,
+Cholula or Chollolan, a place name,
+Cihuacoatl, the goddess:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+Cinteotl or Centeotl, the god,
+  his birthplace,
+  his functions,
+Cipactonalli, a fabled personage,
+Clavigero, quoted,
+Coatepec, the sacred serpent mountain,
+Codex Ramirez, the,
+Codex Telleriano-Remensis, the,
+Codex Vaticanus, the,
+Colhuacan:
+  first King of,
+  derivation of,
+  reference to,
+Colors, symbolism of,
+Cuauhtitlan, the Annals of,
+Cuezaltzin, a name of the god of fire,
+
+Dance:
+  the jar,
+  of the "four auroras,"
+Death-song, a,
+Drum, use of the,
+Drum-beating, goddess of,
+Drunkenness, deities of,
+Duran, Diego, quoted,
+
+Eagle's crest, as ornament,
+Earth:
+  goddess of the,
+  heart of the,
+Eight, as a sacred number,
+Emerald, the Lady of the,
+
+Feathers:
+  as ornaments,
+  symbol of the spirit,
+Fertility, genius of,
+Fire, the Mexican god of,
+Fire-stick, the,
+Fish-spear, god of the,
+"Five flowers," the, a plant,
+Flames, the Hall of,
+Flowers:
+  the god of,
+  plumage of,
+  as symbols,
+Food, the goddess of,
+Four, as sacred number,
+
+Gods:
+  mother of the,
+  home of the,
+Green corn, goddess of,
+Guadalupe, Our Lady of,
+
+Hair, as a symbol of flames,
+Heads, serpent of seven,
+Hearts of victims torn out,
+Hieroglyphic books, native,
+Huasteca, a tribe,
+Huehueteotl, a name of the god of fire,
+Huitzilopochtli:
+  hymn to,
+  his functions,
+  description of his idol,
+  festival of,
+  temple of,
+  mother of,
+Huitznahuac:
+  war song of,
+  brother of Huitzilopochtli,
+Hurler, the; epithet applied to Huitzilopochtli,
+
+Ichpochtli, the virgin goddess,
+Illustrations, colored,
+Inquisition, action on Sahagun's Historia,
+Intoxicating drink, the gods of,
+Itzpapalotl, a goddess,
+Ixcocauhqui, the god of fire, hymn to,
+
+Jade, ornaments of, mentioned,
+Jourdanet, Dr., his translation of Sahagun's _Historia_,
+
+Kingsborough, Lord:
+  his edition of Sahagun's _Historia_,
+  his _Mexican Antiquities_,
+
+Lightning, as a serpent,
+Lying-in, goddesses of. _See_ Childbirth.
+
+Macuilxochitl:
+  name of a deity,
+  hymn to,
+Maguey, brought from Paradise,
+Maize:
+  the god of,
+  goddess of,
+Maya tribes in Mexico,
+Mazateca, a certain tribe or caste,
+Merchants, the god of,
+Mexicans, the,
+Mexicans, poetry of,
+Mexico, ancient,
+Mimixcoa. _See_ Mixcoatl.
+Mirror, the use of,
+Mist, the house of,
+Mixcoatl, the god:
+  hymn of,
+  his functions,
+  hill of,
+Mixcoatepec, mountain so called,
+Mixteca   } : a nation,
+Mixtecatl }
+Mixtecapan, a locality,
+Mother of the gods,
+  "our mother,"
+  the virgin,
+
+Nahua, the, as tribal name,
+Nahuatl language, the,
+  MSS.,
+Naualpilli, "noble magician," a name of Tlaloc,
+Night, the god of,
+Nonoalco, a place name,
+
+"Obsidian butterfly," a kind of ornament,
+Olmos, quoted,
+Opochtli, the god of netmakers,
+Otomis, the tribe so-called,
+  war song of,
+Otontecutli, the god:
+  hymn to,
+  his functions,
+
+Paradise, the terrestrial,
+Paynal, the god,
+Parturition, goddess of. _See_ Childbirth.
+Picha-Huasteca, a tribe,
+Pipitlan, a place name,
+Pipiteca, a nomen gentile,
+Poetry, ancient Mexican,
+Pulque, the god of,
+
+Quechol bird, the,
+Quetzal bird, the,
+Quetzalcoatl:
+  priests adopt his garb,
+  as speaker,
+  his companion,
+Quilaztli:
+  name of a goddess,
+  related to Atlaua,
+
+Rain, the god of,
+Rain gods, the, the house of,
+Reproduction, the goddess of,
+
+Sacrifices, human,
+Sahagun, Bernardino de:
+  MS. of his _Historia_,
+  his remarks on the chants,
+  action of Inquisition on,
+  quoted,
+Serpent:
+  the lightning,
+  mountain,
+  the serpent woman,
+  serpent's blood,
+  swallowing of,
+  of seven heads,
+Seven, as a sacred number,
+Simeon, Remi, his notes to Sahagun's _Historia_,
+Slaves, sacrifice of,
+Soul, place in Aztec mythology,
+South, the, as origin of deities,
+Sun-god, the,
+
+Tamoanchan:
+  its signification,
+  the houses of,
+Teatlahuiani, a name of the god of the pulque,
+Temple of Tenochtitlan,
+Tenochtitlan, ancient name of the city of Mexico, temple of,
+Tepeyacac, temple at,
+Tequechmecaniani, a name of the god of drunkenness,
+Teteuinan, hymn of,
+Tezcatlipoca, the god,
+Tezcatzoncatl, god of the pulque,
+  hymn to,
+Tezcatzontli,
+Thorns, diviners with,
+Tlaloc, the god:
+  song of,
+  house of,
+  functions of,
+  figure of,
+Tlalocan, the terrestrial Paradise,
+  guide to,
+  explained,
+Tlazolteotl, the love goddess,
+Toci, our mother, a goddess,
+Toltecs, the fabulous nation of,
+Torquemada, quoted,
+Totec, the god:
+  hymn to,
+  a companion of Quetzalcoatl,
+Totochtin, gods of intoxication,
+Tochtli, the rabbit, as a god of drunkards,
+Tonan _or_ Tonantzin, the goddess,
+Travelers, the deity of,
+Tulan, the site of,
+Turquoises as ornaments,
+Twins, the goddess of,
+Tzatzitepec, the hill of proclamation,
+Tziuactitlan, a place name,
+Tzocatzontlan, a place name,
+
+Uitznahuac. _See_ Huitznabruac.
+
+Venus impudica, the Mexican,
+Vitzilopochtli. _See_ Huitzilopochtli.
+
+War:
+  the god of,
+  goddess of,
+Water cypress, the,
+Waters, master of the,
+Woman, sacrifice of,
+
+Xilonen, goddess of green corn,
+Xippe Totec, the god, hymn to,
+Xiuhtecutli, a name of the god of fire,
+Xochipilli, the god of flowers:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+  synonym,
+Xochitlycacan, name of the earthly Paradise, its meaning,
+Xochiquetzal, the goddess:
+  hymn to,
+  functions of,
+  reference to,
+
+Yacatecutli, god of travelers, hymn to,
+Yoatzin, the god of night,
+Youallauan, the nocturnal tippler, high priest of Totec,
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Rig Veda Americanus, by Various
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