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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Rig Veda Americanus + Sacred Songs Of The Ancient Mexicans, With A Gloss In Nahuatl + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 9, 2005 [EBook #14993] + +Language: English and Nahuatl + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RIG VEDA AMERICANUS *** + + + + +Produced by David Starner, Ben Beasley and the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div id="titleandfriends"> + +<div id="seriesspec1"> +<div id="library">Library</div> +<div id="of">of</div> +<div id="series">Aboriginal American<br /> +Literature.</div> +</div> + +<div id="number">No. VIII.</div> + +<div id="edby">Edited by</div> +<div class="editor">D. G. Brinton</div> + + +<div class="illustration"> +<a href="images/full1.jpg" name="ill1" id="ill1"> +<img src="images/inline1.jpg" alt="[Illustration: XIPPE TOTEC, GOD OF SILVERSMITHS, IN FULL COSTUME. HYMN XV.]" title="XIPPE TOTEC, GOD OF SILVERSMITHS, IN FULL COSTUME. HYMN XV." class="illustration" id="ill1img" /> +</a> +<div class="caption">Xippe Totec, God of Silversmiths, in Full Costume. Hymn XV.</div> +</div> + + +<div id="seriesspec2"> +Brinton’s Library of<br /> +Aboriginal American Literature.<br /> +Number VIII. +</div> + + +<div id="title"> +Rig Veda Americanus. +</div> + + +<div id="subtitle"> +Sacred songs of the ancient Mexicans,<br /> +with a gloss in Nahuatl. +</div> + +<div id="ed"> +Edited, with a paraphrase, notes and<br /> +vocabulary, +</div> + +<div id="by"> +by +</div> +<div class="editor"> +Daniel G. Brinton +</div> + +<div id="date">1890</div> + +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="preface" id="preface">Preface.</a></h1> + +<hr class="subh" /> + +<p> +In accordance with the general object of this series of volumes—which +is to furnish materials for study rather than to offer completed +studies—I have prepared for this number the text of the most ancient +authentic record of American religious lore. From its antiquity and +character, I have ventured to call this little collection the <span style="text-transform: uppercase">Rig Veda +Americanus</span>, after the similar cyclus of sacred hymns, which are the most +venerable product of the Aryan mind. +</p> + +<p> +As for my attempted translation of these mystic chants I offer it with +the utmost reserve. It would be the height of temerity in me to pretend +to have overcome difficulties which one so familiar with the ancient +Nahuatl as Father Sahagun intimated were beyond his powers. All that I +hope to have achieved is, by the aid of the Gloss—and not always in +conformity to its suggestions—to give a general idea of the sense and +purport of the originals. +</p> + +<p> +The desirability of preserving and publishing these texts seems to me to +be manifest. They reveal to us the undoubtedly authentic spirit of the +ancient religion; they show us the language in its most archaic form; +they preserve references to various mythical cycli of importance to the +historian; and they illustrate the alterations in the spoken tongue +adopted in the esoteric dialect of the priesthood. Such considerations +will, I trust, attract the attention of scholars to these fragments of a +lost literature. +</p> + +<p> +In the appended Vocabulary I have inserted only those words and +expressions for which I can suggest correct—or, at least, +probable—renderings. Others will have to be left to future +investigators. +</p> + + + + +<h1>Contents.</h1> + +<hr class="subh" /> + + +<ol id="contents"> +<li><a href="#preface" class="link">Preface</a></li> +<li><a href="#introduction" class="link">Introduction</a></li> +<li><ol id="contents-hymns"> +<li><a href="#i" class="link">Hymn of Huitzilopochtli</a></li> +<li><a href="#ii" class="link">War Song of the Huitznahuac</a></li> +<li><a href="#iii" class="link">Hymn of Tlaloc</a></li> +<li><a href="#iv" class="link">Hymn to the All-Mother</a></li> +<li><a href="#v" class="link">Hymn to the Virgin Mother</a></li> +<li><a href="#vi" class="link">Hymn to the God of Fire</a></li> +<li><a href="#vii" class="link">Hymn of Mixcoatl</a></li> +<li><a href="#viii" class="link">Hymn to the God of Flowers</a></li> +<li><a href="#ix" class="link">Hymn to the Goddess of Artists</a></li> +<li><a href="#x" class="link">Hymn to the God of Fishing</a></li> +<li><a href="#xi" class="link">Hymn of the Otomi Leader</a></li> +<li><a href="#xii" class="link">Hymn to the Goddess of Childbirth</a></li> +<li><a href="#xiii" class="link">Hymn to the Mother of Mortals</a></li> +<li><a href="#xiv" class="link">Hymn Sung at a Fast every Eight Years</a></li> +<li><a href="#xv" class="link">Hymn to a Night God</a></li> +<li><a href="#xvi" class="link">Hymn to the Goddess of Food</a></li> +<li><a href="#xvii" class="link">Hymn to the Gods of Wine</a></li> +<li><a href="#xviii" class="link">Hymn to the Master of Waters</a></li> +<li><a href="#xix" class="link">Hymn to the God of Flowers</a></li> +<li><a href="#xx" class="link">Hymn to the God of Merchants</a></li> +</ol></li> +<li><a href="#glossary" class="link">Glossary</a></li> +<li><a href="#index" class="link">Index</a></li> +</ol> + + + + +<h1>List of Illustrations.</h1> + +<hr class="subh" /> + + +<table id="illlist"> +<tr><td><a href="#ill1" class="link">Xippe Totec, God of Silversmiths, in Full Costume</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Frontispiece</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="#ill2" class="link">Priest of Xippe Totec, Drinking and Playing on a Drum</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Hymn XV</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="#ill3" class="link">Chicomecoatl, Goddess of Food and Drink</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Hymn XVI</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="#ill4" class="link">Totochtin, the Rabbits, Gods of the Drunkards</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Hymn XVII</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="#ill5" class="link">Atlaua, Singing and Dancing</a>,</td><td class="illloc">Hymn XVIII</td></tr> +</table> + + + + +<h1><a name="introduction" id="introduction">Introduction.</a></h1> + +<hr class="subh" /> + + +<p> +As in a previous number of the Library of Aboriginal American Literature +I have discussed in detail the character of the <a name="i-m-8-1" id="i-m-8-1">ancient Mexican poetry</a>, +I shall confine myself at present to the history of the present +collection. We owe its preservation to the untiring industry of Father +Bernardino de Sahagun, one of the earliest missionaries to Mexico, and +the author of by far the most important work on the religion, manners +and customs of the ancient Mexicans. +</p> + +<p> +By long residence and close application Sahagun acquired a complete +mastery of <a name="i-n-2-1" id="i-n-2-1">the Nahuatl tongue</a>. He composed his celebrated <i class="title" lang="es">Historia de +las Cosas de la Nueva España</i> primarily in the native language, and from +this original wrote out a Spanish translation, in some parts +considerably abbreviated. This incomplete reproduction is that which was +published in Spanish by <a name="i-k-1a-1" id="i-k-1a-1">Lord Kingsborough</a> and <a name="i-b-4-1" id="i-b-4-1">Bustamente</a>, and in +<a name="i-j-2-1" id="i-j-2-1">a French rendering with useful notes by Dr. Jourdanet and M. Rémi Simeon</a>. +</p> + +<p> +So far as I know, the only complete copy of <a name="i-s-2a-1" id="i-s-2a-1">the Nahuatl original</a> now in +existence is that preserved in the <a name="i-b-2-1" id="i-b-2-1">Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana</a> in +Florence, where I examined it in April, 1889. It is a most elaborate and +beautiful MS., in three large volumes, containing thirteen hundred and +seventy-eight illustrations, carefully drawn by hand, mostly colored, +illustrative of the native mythology, history, arts and usages, besides +many elaborate head and tail pieces to the chapters. +</p> + +<p> +There is another <a name="i-n-2a-1" id="i-n-2a-1">Nahuatl MS</a>. of Sahagun’s history in the private +library of the King of Spain at Madrid, which I examined in May, 1888, +and of which I published a collation in the <i class="title" lang="fr">Mémoires de la Sociétè +Internationale des Américanistes</i>, for that year. It is incomplete, +embracing only the first six books of the <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, and should be +considered merely as a <i lang="es">borrador</i> or preliminary sketch for the +Florentine copy. It contains, however, a certain amount of material not +included in the latter, and has been peculiarly useful to me in the +preparation of the present volume, as not only affording another reading +of the text, valuable for comparison, but as furnishing a gloss or +Nahuatl paraphrase of most of the hymns, which does not appear in the +Florentine MS. As evidently the older of the two, I have adopted the +readings of the Madrid MS. as my text, and given the variants of the +Florentine MS. at the end of each hymn. +</p> + +<p> +Neither MS. attempts any translation of the hymns. That at Madrid has no +Spanish comment whatever, while that at Florence places opposite the +hymns the following remarks, which are also found in the printed copies, +near the close of the Appendix of the Second Book of the <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>:— +</p> + +<p> +<a name="i-s-2b-1" id="i-s-2b-1">“It is an old trick of our enemy the Devil to try to conceal himself in +order the better to compass his ends, in accordance with the words of +the Gospel, ‘He whose deeds are evil, shuns the light.’ Also on earth +this enemy of ours has provided himself with a dense wood and a ground, +rough and filled with abysses, there to prepare his wiles and to escape +pursuit, as do wild beasts and venomous serpents. This wood and these +abysses are the songs which he has inspired for his service to be sung +in his honor within the temples and outside of them; for they are so +artfully composed that they say what they will, but disclose only what +the Devil commands, not being rightly understood except by those to whom +they are addressed. It is, in fact, well recognized that the cave, wood +or abysses in which this cursed enemy hides himself, are these songs or +chants which he himself composed, and which are sung to him without +being understood except by those who are acquainted with this sort of +language. The consequence is that they sing what they please, war or +peace, praise to the Devil or contempt for Christ, and they cannot in +the least be understood by other men.”</a> +</p> + +<p> +<a name="i-k-1a-2" id="i-k-1a-2">Lord Kingsborough</a> says in a note in his voluminous work on the +<i class="title">Antiquities of Mexico</i> that <a name="i-i-3-1" id="i-i-3-1">this portion of Sahagun’s text was destroyed by order of the Inquisition</a>, +and that there was a memorandum +to that effect in the Spanish original in the noble writer’s possession. +This could scarcely have referred to a translation of the hymns, for +none such exists in any MS. I have consulted, or heard of; and Sahagun +intimates in the passage quoted above that he had made none, on account +of the obscurity of the diction. Neither does any appear in the +Florentine MS., where the text of the hymns is given in full, although +the explanatory Gloss is omitted. This last-mentioned fact has prevented +me from correcting the text of the Gloss, which in some passages is +manifestly erroneous; but I have confined myself to reproducing it +strictly according to the original MS., leaving its correction to those +who will make use of it. +</p> + +<p> +The Florentine MS. has five <a name="i-i-2-1" id="i-i-2-1">colored illustrations</a> of the divinities, or +their symbols, which are spoken of in the chants. These are probably +copied from the <a name="i-h-4-1" id="i-h-4-1">native hieroglyphic books</a> in which, as we learn from +Sahagun, such ancient songs were preserved and transmitted. These +illustrations I had copied with scrupulous fidelity and reproduced by +one of the photographic processes, for the present work. +</p> + +<p> +Such is the history of this curious document, and with this brief +introduction I submit it to those who will have the patience and skill +to unravel its manifold difficulties. +</p> + + + + +<div id="retitle">Rig Veda Americana.</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="i" id="i"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="i-h" id="i-h"><span class="hymnnum">I.</span> <span lang="nah">Vitzilopochtli icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="i-1" id="i-1">Vitzilopuchi, yaquetlaya, yyaconay, ynohuihuihuia: anenicuic, +toçiquemitla, yya, ayya, yya y ya uia, queyanoca, oya tonaqui, yyaya, +yya, yya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="i-2" id="i-2">Tetzauiztli ya mixtecatl, ce ymocxi pichauaztecatla pomaya, +ouayyeo, ayyayya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="i-3" id="i-3">Ay tlaxotla tenamitl yuitli macoc mupupuxotiuh, yautlatoa ya, +ayyayyo, noteuh aya tepanquizqui mitoaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="i-4" id="i-4">Oya yeua uel mamauia, in tlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya, +itlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="i-5" id="i-5">Amanteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia ycalipan yauhtiua, +xinechoncentlalizqui.</a></li> + +<li><a name="i-6" id="i-6">Pipiteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia: ycalipan, yautiua, +xinechoncentlalizqui.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">6.</span> This verse is omitted in the Medicean MS.</div> + + +<h2><a name="i-g" id="i-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li>In ivitzilopochtli ayac nouiui, <i lang="la">id est</i>, ayac nechneneuilia, ayac +iuhqui, in iuhqui. Anenicuic, <i lang="la">id est</i>, amo ca nen nonicuic, in +quetzali, in chalchihuitl in ixquich ynotlatqui, toçiquemitl. Queyanoca +oya tonaqui, <i lang="la">id est</i>, onocatonat, onocatlatuit.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, tetzauiztli, <i lang="la">id est</i>, oquintetzauito, in mixteca inic +oquiyaochiuhqui: oquimanilito in imicxi in pichauazteca, ioan in +mixteca.</li> + +<li>Ay tlaxotla tenamitl, <i>q.n.</i>, quitepeua inin tena in aquique +yauchiuallo. Iuitli macoc, <i>q.n.</i>, oncan quitema in tiçatl in ihuitl. +Mopopuxotiuh yauhtlatuaya, <i>q.n.</i>, inic mopopuxoticalaqui yauc, ioan, +<i>q.n.</i>, yeuatl quitemaca y yauyutl quitemaceualtia, tepanquizqui, +mitoayaqui yehuatl quichioa yauyutl.</li> + +<li>Oya yeua huel mamauia, <i>q.n.</i>, çan oc momamauhtiaya in aya +momochiua yauyutl. Teuhtla milacatzoaya <i>q.n.</i>, in noteuh in opeuh +yauyutl, aocac momauhtica iniquac ynoteuhtli moquetza ynoteuhtica +tlayoa(lli).</li> + +<li>Amanteca toyauan, <i>q.n.</i>, yn iyaoan yn aquique in cani +omocentlalique ca in calipan in yautioa ca tlatlaz ynin cal.</li> + +<li>Pipiteca, toyaoan, xinechoncentlalizque, <i>q.n.</i>, in pipiteca y +yaoan mochiuhque. Yn calla in mochiua yauyutl in i calipan.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="i-t" id="i-t">Translation.<br /> + +The Hymn of Huitzilopochtli.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>Huitzilopochtli is first in rank, no one, no one is like unto him: +not vainly do I sing (his praises) coming forth in the garb of our +ancestors; I shine; I glitter.</li> + +<li>He is a terror to the <a name="i-m-14-1" id="i-m-14-1">Mixteca</a>; he alone destroyed the +<a name="i-p-3-1" id="i-p-3-1">Picha-Huasteca</a>, he conquered them.</li> + +<li>The Dart-Hurler is an example to the city, as he sets to work. He +who commands in battle is called the representative of my God.</li> + +<li>When he shouts aloud he inspires great terror, the divine hurler, +the god turning himself in the combat, the divine hurler, the god +turning himself in the combat.</li> + +<li>Amanteca, gather yourselves together with me in the house of war +against your enemies, gather yourselves together with me.</li> + +<li><a name="i-p-5-1" id="i-p-5-1">Pipiteca</a>, gather yourselves together with me in the house of war +against your enemies, gather yourselves together with me.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="i-n" id="i-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +Huitzilopochtli was the well-known <a name="i-w-1a-1" id="i-w-1a-1">war-god</a> of the Azteca, whose +functions are described by Sahagun (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. I., cap. 1) and +many other writers. The hymn here given is probably the <i lang="nah">tlaxotecuyotl</i>, +which was chanted at the celebration of his feast in the fifteenth month +of the Mexican calendar (see Sahagun, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. II., cap. 34). +The word means “his glory be established.” It was commenced at sunset +and repeated till sunrise. +</p> + +<div class="pseudool"> +<div class="pseudoli"> + 1. “In the garb of our ancestors” (<i lang="nah">to-citli-quemitl</i>). +<a name="i-q-3a-1" id="i-q-3a-1">The high priest appeared in the insignia of Quetzalcoatl</a>, which, +<a name="i-s-2d-1" id="i-s-2d-1">says Sahagun, “were very gorgeous.”</a> (<i class="title" lang="es">Hist.</i>, Lib. II., Appendix.) +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 2. <a name="i-m-14-2" id="i-m-14-2">Mixteca, plural of Mixtecatl</a>, an inhabitant of <a name="i-m-15-1" id="i-m-15-1">Mixtecapan</a>, near the +Pacific. <a name="i-h-5-1" id="i-h-5-1">The Huasteca</a>, a nation of <a name="i-m-4-1" id="i-m-4-1">Maya</a> lineage, lived on the Gulf +coast. +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 3. <a name="i-h-9-1" id="i-h-9-1">The god was called the Hurler</a>, as he was believed to hurl the +<a name="i-l-1-1" id="i-l-1-1">lightning serpent</a> (the <i lang="nah">xiuhcoatl</i>). +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 5. Sahagun recites the legends about the <a name="i-a-2-1" id="i-a-2-1">Amanteca</a> (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. +IX., cap. 18). Here the name refers to the inhabitants of the quarter +called <a name="i-a-3-1" id="i-a-3-1">Amantlan</a>. +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 6. <i lang="nah">Pipiteca</i>, a <i lang="la">nomen gentile</i>, referring doubtless to a certain +class of the hearers. +</div> +</div> + +<p> +<a name="i-s-2d-2" id="i-s-2d-2">This hymn may be compared to another, descriptive of the same divinity, +preserved in Sahagun’s MS. in Madrid. It is as follows, with my +translation by its side.</a> +</p> + +<table class="parallel"> +<tr><td lang="nah">Vitzilopuchtli</td><td>Huitzilopochtli,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Can maceualli</td><td>Only a subject,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Can tlacatl catca.</td><td>Only a mortal was.</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Naualli</td><td>A magician,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Tetzauitl</td><td>A terror,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Atlacacemelle</td><td>A stirrer of strife,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Teixcuepani</td><td>A deceiver,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Quiyocoyani in yaoyotl</td><td>A maker of war,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Yautecani</td><td>An arranger of battles,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Yautlatoani;</td><td>A lord of battles;</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Ca itechpa mitoaya</td><td>And of him it was said</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Tepan quitlaza</td><td>That he hurled</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">In xiuhcoatl</td><td><a name="i-l-1-2" id="i-l-1-2">His flaming serpent</a>,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Immamalhuaztli</td><td><a name="i-f-4-1" id="i-f-4-1">His fire stick</a>;</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Quitoznequi yaoyotl</td><td>Which means war,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Teoatl tlachinolli.</td><td>Blood and burning;</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Auh iniquac ilhuiq’xtililoya</td><td>And when his festival was celebrated,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Malmicouaya</td><td><a name="i-s-1-1" id="i-s-1-1">Captives were slain</a>,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Tlaaltilmicoaya</td><td>Washed slaves were slain,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Tealtilaya impochteca.</td><td>The merchants washed them.</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Auh inic mochichiuaya:</td><td><a name="i-h-7c-1" id="i-h-7c-1">And thus he was arrayed:</a></td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Xiuhtotonacoche catca</td><td>With head-dress of green feathers,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Xiuhcoanauale</td><td>Holding his serpent torch,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Xiuhtlalpile</td><td>Girded with a belt,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Matacaxe</td><td>Bracelets upon his arms,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Tzitzile</td><td><a name="i-t-24-1" id="i-t-24-1">Wearing turquoises</a>,</td></tr> +<tr><td lang="nah">Oyuvale.</td><td>As a master of messengers.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p> +When in Florence, in 1889, I had an accurate copy made of the Nahuatl +text and all the figures of the first book of Sahagun’s History. The +colored figure of Huitzilopochtli is in accordance with the above +description. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="ii" id="ii"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="ii-h" id="ii-h"><span class="hymnnum">II.</span> <span lang="nah">Uitznaoac yautl icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="ii-1" id="ii-1">Ahuia tlacochcalco notequioa ayayui nocaquia tlacatl, ya +nechyapinauia, ayaca nomati, nitetzauiztli, auia, ayaca nomati niya, +yautla, aquitoloc tlacochcalco notequioa, iuexcatlatoa ay nopilchan.</a></li> + +<li><a name="ii-2" id="ii-2">Ihiya quetl tocuilechcatl quauiquemitl nepapan oc uitzetla.</a></li> + +<li><a name="ii-3" id="ii-3">Huia oholopa telipuchtla, yuiyoc yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye +nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.</a></li> + +<li><a name="ii-4" id="ii-4">Huia uitznauac telepochtla yuiyoc, yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye +nimauia yuiyoc, ynomalli.</a></li> + +<li><a name="ii-5" id="ii-5">Huia ytzicotla telipochtla, yuiyoc, yn nomalli, ye nimauia, ye +nimauia, yuiyoc yn nomalli.</a></li> + +<li><a name="ii-6" id="ii-6">Uitznauac teuaqui, machiyotla tetemoya, ahuia oyatonac, yahuia +oyatonac, machiyotla tetemoya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="ii-7" id="ii-7">Tocuilitla teuaqui, machiyotla tetemoya, ahuia oyatonac, yahuia +oyatonac uia, machiyotla tetemoya.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">6.</span> <span lang="nah">Vitzanaoac teuhoaqui machiotla.</span> <i class="title">MS. Med.</i></div> + + +<h2><a name="ii-t" id="ii-t">The War Song of the Huitznahuac.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>What ho! my work is in the hall of arms, I listen to no mortal, nor +can any put me to shame, I know none such, I am the Terror, I know none +other, I am where war is, my work is said to be in the hall of arms, let +no one curse my children.</li> + +<li>Our adornment comes from out the <a name="i-s-8-1" id="i-s-8-1">south</a>, it is varied in color as +the clothing of the eagle.</li> + +<li>Ho! ho! abundance of youths doubly clothed, <a name="i-f-1a-1" id="i-f-1a-1">arrayed in feathers</a>, +are my captives, <a name="i-s-1-2" id="i-s-1-2">I deliver them up, I deliver them up, my captives arrayed in feathers</a>.</li> + +<li>Ho! youths for the Huitznahuac, arrayed in feathers, these are my +captives, I deliver them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my +captives.</li> + +<li>Youths from the south, arrayed in feathers, my captives, I deliver +them up, I deliver them up, arrayed in feathers, my captives.</li> + +<li>The god enters, the Huitznahuac, he descends as an example, he +shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an example.</li> + +<li>Adorned like us he enters as a god, he descends as an example, he +shines forth, he shines forth, descending as an example.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="ii-n" id="ii-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +There is no Gloss to this hymn, but its signification seems clear. +<i lang="nah">Huitznahuac</i> was a name applied to several edifices in the great +<a name="i-t-3-1" id="i-t-3-1">temple at Tenochtitlan</a>, as we are informed at length by Sahagun. The word is a +locative from <i lang="nah">huitznahua</i>. This term means <a name="i-s-8-2" id="i-s-8-2">“magicians from the south”</a> +or <a name="i-t-11-1" id="i-t-11-1">“diviners with thorns,”</a> and was applied in the Quetzalcoatl mythical +cyclus to the legendary enemies of Huitzilopochtli, whom he is said to +have destroyed as soon as he was born. (See my discussion of this myth +in <i class="title">Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i> for 1887.) +Apparently to perpetuate the memory of this exploit, the custom was, at +the <a name="i-h-7d-1" id="i-h-7d-1">festival of Huitzilopochtli</a>, for the slaves who were to be +sacrificed to form two bands, one representing the Huitznahua and the +other the partisans of the god, and to slaughter each other until the +arrival of the god <a name="i-p-2-1" id="i-p-2-1">Paynal</a> put an end to the combat (Sahagun, +<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. II., cap. 34). The song here given belongs to this +portion of the ancient rite. +</p> + +<div class="pseudool"> +<div class="pseudoli"> + 1. The <i lang="nah">tlacochcalli</i>, <a name="i-a-7a-1" id="i-a-7a-1">“house of arrows”</a> (<i lang="nah">tlacochtli</i>, arrow, +<i lang="nah">calli</i>, house), was a large hall in the <a name="i-h-7e-1" id="i-h-7e-1">temple of Huitzilopochtli</a> where +arrows, spears and other arms were kept (Sahagun, Lib. VIII., cap. 32). +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 2. The “adornment from the south” refers to the meaning of the name +<i lang="nah">Huitznahua</i>. (See Glossary.) +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 3. <a name="i-s-1-3" id="i-s-1-3">Sahagun (<i lang="la">ubi sup.</i>) informs us that the slaves condemned to die fought against free warriors, and when any of the latter were captured they were promptly put to death by their captors.</a> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + + +<h1><a name="iii" id="iii"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="iii-h" id="iii-h"><span class="hymnnum">III.</span> <span lang="nah">Tlalloc icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="iii-1" id="iii-1">Ahuia Mexico teutlaneuiloc amapanitla anauhcampa, ye moquetzquetl, +aoyequene y chocaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-2" id="iii-2">Ahuia anneuaya niyocoloc, annoteua eztlamiyaual, aylhuiçolla nic +yauicaya teutiualcoya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-3" id="iii-3">Ahuia annotequiua naualpilli aquitlanella motonacayouh tic yachiuh +quitla catlachtoquetl, çan mitziyapinauia.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-4" id="iii-4">Ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia anechyaca uelmatia, anotata yn +oquacuillo ocelocoatl aya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-5" id="iii-5">Ahuia tlallocana, xiuacalco aya quizqui aquamotla, acatonalaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-6" id="iii-6">Ahuia xiyanouia, nahuia xiyamotecaya ay poyauhtla, ayauh +chicauaztica, ayauicalo tlallocanaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-7" id="iii-7">Aua nacha tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-8" id="iii-8">Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, temoquetl aitlatol, aniquiya +ilhuiquetl, tetzauhpilla niyayalizqui aya y chocaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-9" id="iii-9">Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya itopanecauiloc ayoc ynomatia, ay motlapoalli, +aya ximocaya ye quetzalcalla nepanauia ay yaxcana teizcaltequetl.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iii-10" id="iii-10">Ahuia xiyanouia, ahuia xiyamotequaya ay poyauhtla, ayauh +chicauaztlica ayauicallo tlalloca.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Amopanitl.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="iii-g" id="iii-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li>Auia Mexico teutlanauiloc, <i>q.n.</i>, yn Mexico onetlanauiloc in +tlaloc. Amapanitl annauhcampa ye moquetzquetl, <i>q.n.</i>, amapanitl +nauhcampa omoquequetz. Aoyeque naichocaya, <i lang="la">id est</i>, itlaocuyaya.</li> + +<li>Auia anneuaya niyocoloc, <i>q.n.</i>, ynehuatl ni tlalloc oniyocoloc. +Annoteua eztlamiyaual, <i>q.n.</i>, noteu eztlamiyaualtitiuh. Aylhuiçolla, +<i>q.n.</i>, yn umpa ilhuiçololo. Inic yauicaya teuitualcoya, <i>q.n.</i> in +teuitualoc.</li> + +<li>Auia annotequiua <a name="i-n-3-1" id="i-n-3-1">naualpilli</a>, <i>q.n.</i> in tinoteuh naualpilli, <i lang="la">i.e.</i>, +tlalloc. Aquitlanella motonacayouh, <i>q.n.</i>, ca nelli teuatl +ticmochiuilia in motonacayouh. Catlachtoquetl, <i>q.n.</i>, teuatl +ticmochiuilia auh in aquin timitzpinauia.</li> + +<li>Ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia, <i>q.n.</i>, catel nechpinauia ca +monechuelmati. Annotata ynoquacuillo ocelocoatl aya, <i>q.n.</i>, yn notaua +ioan yna quacuiloa yn oceloquacuili.</li> + +<li>Ahuia tlallocana xiuacalco, <i>q.n.</i>, in tlalocan xiuhcalco, <i lang="la">id +est</i>, acxoyacalco. Ayaquizqui, <i>q.n.</i>, umpa ualquizque. Aquamotla +acatonalaya, <i>q.n.</i>, y notauan yn oquacuiloan acatonal.</li> + +<li>Ahuia xicanouia nauia xiyamotecaya, <i>q.n.</i>, xiuian ximotecati. Ay +poyauhtlan, <i>q.n.</i>, in umpa poyauhtlan tepeticpac. Ayauh chicauaztica +ayauicalo tlalocana, <i>q.n.</i>, ayauh chicauaztica in auicalo tlalocan.</li> + +<li><a name="g-iii-7" id="g-iii-7">Aua nach tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui, <i>q.n.</i>, y nach tozcuecuex y ye +niauh niman ye choca.</a></li> + +<li>Ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya, <i>q.n.</i>, quenamican y ya niauh aço +anechtemozque. Aniquiya ilhuiquetl tetzapilla niyayalizqui ayaichocaya, +<i>q.n.</i>, onquilhui yn tetzapilli ye niyauh niman ye choca.</li> + +<li>Ahuia nauhxiuhticaya nitopanecauiloc, <i>q.n.</i>, nauhxiuhtica in +topanecauiloz, <i lang="la">id est</i>, in tepan mochiuaz. Ayoc inomatia ay +motlapoalli, <i>q.n.</i>, aocmo nomatia iniquin motlapoalpan. Ca oximoac ye +quetzalcalla nepanauia, <i>q.n.</i>, ye qualcan ye netlamachtiloyan ynemca. +Ay yaxcana teizcaltiquetl, <i>q.n.</i>, iniaxca inic oteizcalli.</li> + +<li>Ahuia xiyanouia, <i>q.n.</i>, xiuia. Auia xiya motecaya ay poyauhtla, +<i>q.n.</i>, ximotecati in umpa poyauhtla. Ayauh chicauaztica auicallo +tlalocan, <i>q.n.</i>, ayauh chicauaztica in auicallo in umpa tlallocan.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="iii-t" id="iii-t">The Hymn of Tlaloc.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>In Mexico the god appears; thy banner is unfolded in all +directions, and no one weeps.</li> + +<li>I, the god, have returned again, I have turned again to the place +of abundance of <a name="i-s-1-4" id="i-s-1-4">blood-sacrifices</a>; there when the day grows old, I am +beheld as a god.</li> + +<li>Thy work is that of a noble magician; truly thou hast made thyself +to be of our flesh; thou hast made thyself, and who dare affront thee?</li> + +<li>Truly he who affronts me does not find himself well with me; my +fathers took by the head the tigers and the serpents.</li> + +<li>In <a name="i-t-13-1" id="i-t-13-1">Tlalocan</a>, in the verdant house, they play at ball, they cast the +reeds.</li> + +<li>Go forth, go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly, where +the thick mist makes the cloudy <a name="i-t-12b-1" id="i-t-12b-1">house of Tlaloc</a>.</li> + +<li>There with strong voice I rise up and cry aloud.</li> + +<li>Go ye forth to seek me, seek for the words which I have said, as I +rise, a terrible one, and cry aloud.</li> + +<li><a name="i-f-10-1" id="i-f-10-1">After four years they shall go forth</a>, not to be known, not to be +numbered, they shall descend to the beautiful house, to unite together +and know the doctrine.</li> + +<li>Go forth, go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly, +where the thick mist makes the cloudy house of Tlaloc.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="iii-n" id="iii-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +The god Tlaloc shared with Huitzilopochtli the highest place in the +Mexican Pantheon. He was the deity who presided over the waters, the +rains, the thunder and the lightning. The annual festival in his honor +took place about the time of corn-planting, and was intended to secure +his favor for this all-important crop. Its details are described at +great length by <a name="i-d-6-1" id="i-d-6-1">Diego Duran</a>, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia de Nueva España</i>, cap. 86, and +Sahagun, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. II., cap. 25, and elsewhere. His name is +derived from <i lang="nah">tlalli</i>, earth. <a name="tlalocan-25" id="tlalocan-25"><i lang="nah">Tlalocan</i></a>, referred to in v. 5, “the +place of Tlaloc,” was the name of a mountain east of Tenochtitlan, where +the festival of the god was celebrated; but it had also a mythical +meaning, equivalent to “the earthly Paradise,” the abode of happy souls. +</p> + +<p> +It will be observed that v. 10 is a repetition of v. 6. The word +<i lang="nah">ayauicalo</i> refers to the <i lang="nah">ayauhcalli</i>, <a name="i-m-11-1" id="i-m-11-1">“house of mist,”</a> the home of the +rain god, which <a name="i-s-2d-4" id="i-s-2d-4">Sahagun informs us</a> was represented at the annual +festival by <a name="i-c-1-1" id="i-c-1-1">four small buildings near the water’s edge, carefully +disposed to face the four cardinal points of the compass</a> (Sahagun, <i lang="la">ubi +supra</i>). +</p> + +<p> +In v. 8 the expression <i lang="nah">tetzauhpilli</i> (<i lang="nah">tetzauhqui</i>, to frighten) may +be explained by the <a name="i-t-12d-1" id="i-t-12d-1">figure of Tlaloc</a>, whose statue, says Duran, was that +of <i lang="es">un espantable monstruo, la cara muy fea</i> (<i lang="la">ibid.</i>). +</p> + +<p> +<a name="i-f-10-2" id="i-f-10-2">The compound in v. 10, <i lang="nah">nauhxiuhtica</i>, “after four years,” appears to refer to the souls of the departed brave ones, who, according to Aztec mythology, passed to the heaven for four years</a> +and after that returned +to the terrestrial <a name="i-a-12a-1" id="i-a-12a-1">Paradise</a>,—the palace of Tlaloc. (See my paper, <i class="title">The +Journey of the Soul</i>, in <i class="title">Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian +Society of Philadelphia, 1883</i>.) +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="iv" id="iv"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="iv-h" id="iv-h"><span class="hymnnum">IV.</span> <span lang="nah">Teteuynan ycuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="iv-1" id="iv-1">Ahuiya coçauic xochitla oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue +moquiçican tamoanchan, auayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, aye ayo, ayy +ayyaa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iv-2" id="iv-2">Coçauic xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana, teumechaue, moquiçica +tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, ayo aye, ayya, ayyaa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iv-3" id="iv-3">Ahuia iztac xochitla, oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue moquiçica +tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao yya, yyeo, ayeaye, ayya ayyaa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iv-4" id="iv-4">Ahuiya iztac xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana teumechaue moquiçica +tamoanchan, ouayye, auayya, yyao, yya, yyeo, aye aye, ayya ayyaa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iv-5" id="iv-5">Ahuia ohoya teutl ca teucontli paca tona aya, itzpapalotli, auayye, +yyao, yya, yyeo, ayyaa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iv-6" id="iv-6">Ao, auatic ya itaca chicunauixtlauatla maçatl yyollo, ica +mozcaltizqui tonan tlaltecutli, ayao, ayyao, ayyaa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iv-7" id="iv-7">Aho, ye yancuic tiçatla ye yancuic yuitla oya potoniloc yn +auicacopa acatl xamontoca.</a></li> + +<li><a name="iv-8" id="iv-8">Aho maçatl mochiuhca teutlalipan mitziya noittaco, yeua xiuhnello, +yeua mimichan.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">7.</span> <span lang="nah">Xamantoca.</span> <span class="varnum">8.</span> <span lang="nah">Yehoa.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="iv-g" id="iv-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in tonan ocueponya umpa oalquiz yn tamoanchan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in amona ca izcui yn xochiuh ca umpa oquiz yn tmoanchan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i> In tonan ocuepo in umpa oquiz tamoanchan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in amona iztac in oxochiuh yn umpa oniquiz tamoanchan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in tonan ca teucumitl icpac in quiz yn itzpapalotl.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in tonan ixtlauan in mozcaltito auh inic mozcalti macatl y +yollo y yeua tonan tlaltecutli.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, auh inic potoniloc, tonan, yancuic tiçatl ioan yancuic yn +iuitl, auh nauhcampa quite ynacatl.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in macatl yeuan can iliaya yn ixtlauacan yuhqui inic quic +noitayan y yeuatl inimich ioan in xiuhnel.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="iv-t" id="iv-t">Hymn to the Mother of the Gods.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>Hail to our mother, who caused the yellow flowers to blossom, +<a name="i-m-2-1" id="i-m-2-1">who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise</a>.</li> + +<li>Hail to our mother, who poured forth flowers in abundance, who +scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.</li> + +<li>Hail to our mother, who caused the yellow flowers to blossom, she +who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.</li> + +<li>Hail to our mother, who poured forth white flowers in abundance, +who scattered the seeds of the maguey, as she came forth from Paradise.</li> + +<li>Hail to the goddess who shines in the thorn bush like a bright +butterfly.</li> + +<li>Ho! she is our mother, <a name="i-e-2a-1" id="i-e-2a-1">goddess of the earth</a>, she supplies food in +the desert to the wild beasts, and causes them to live.</li> + +<li>Thus, thus, you see her to be an ever-fresh model of liberality +toward all flesh.</li> + +<li>And as you see the goddess of the earth do to the wild beasts, so +also does she toward the green herbs and the fishes.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="iv-n" id="iv-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +The goddess to whom this hymn is devoted was called <i lang="nah">Teteoinan</i>, the +<a name="i-m-16-2" id="i-m-16-2">Mother of the Gods</a>, <a name="i-t-15-1" id="i-t-15-1"><i lang="nah">Toçi</i></a>, our Mother (maternal ancestor), and also by +another name which signified <a name="i-e-2b-1" id="i-e-2b-1">“the Heart of the Earth,”</a> the latter being +bestowed upon her, says <a name="i-d-6-2" id="i-d-6-2">Duran</a>, because she was believed to be the cause +of earthquakes. Her general functions were those of a <a name="i-f-2-1" id="i-f-2-1">genius of fertility</a>, +extending both to the vegetable and the animal world. +<a name="i-c-8-1" id="i-c-8-1">Thus, she was the patroness of the native midwives and of women in childbirth (Sahagun).</a> +Her chief <a name="i-t-5-1" id="i-t-5-1">temple at Tepeyacac</a> was one of the most renowned in +ancient Mexico, and it was a felicitous idea of the early missionaries +to have <a name="i-g-3-1" id="i-g-3-1">“Our Lady of Guadalupe”</a> make her appearance on the immediate +site of this ancient fane already celebrated as the place of worship of +the older female deity. The <a name="i-c-17-1" id="i-c-17-1"><i class="title">Codex Ramirez</i></a> makes her a daughter of the +<a name="i-c-20a-1" id="i-c-20a-1">first King of Culhuacan</a>. +</p> + +<div class="pseudool"> +<div class="pseudoli"> + 1. <a name="tamoanchan-29" id="tamoanchan-29"><i lang="nah">Tamoanchan</i></a>. This word Sahagun translates “we seek our homes,” +while the <a name="i-c-18-1" id="i-c-18-1"><i class="title">Codex Telleriano-Remensis</i></a> gives the more intelligible +rendering “there is their home whither they descend,” and adds that it +is synonymous with <a name="i-x-5-1" id="i-x-5-1"><i lang="nah">Xochitlycacan</i></a>, “the place where the flowers are +lifted.” It was the mystical <a name="i-p-1-3" id="i-p-1-3">Paradise of the Aztecs</a>, the <a name="i-g-1b-1" id="i-g-1b-1">Home of the Gods</a>, +and the happy realm of departed souls. The Codex just quoted adds +that the gods were born there, which explains the introduction of the +word into this hymn. +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 5. For <i lang="nah">teucontli</i> (see Glossary) I should suggest <i lang="nah">teocomitl</i>, a +species of ornament, <a name="i-s-2d-6" id="i-s-2d-6">(cf. Sahagun, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. II., cap. 37.)</a> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="v" id="v"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="v-h" id="v-h"><span class="hymnnum">V.</span> <span lang="nah">Chimalpanecatl icuic ioan tlaltecaua (nanotl).</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="v-1" id="v-1">Ichimalipan chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoaya, ichimalipan +chipuchica ueya, mixiuiloc yautlatoa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="v-2" id="v-2">Coatepec tequiua, tepetitla moxayaual teueuel aya quinelli +moquichtiuiui tlalli cuecuechiuia aqui moxayaual teueuella.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">Title.</span> <span lang="nah">Tlaltecaoannanotl.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Cohoatepechquiua.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="v-g" id="v-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yautlatolli ipa omixiuh ynanotl chimalipan in omixiuh, <i lang="la">id +est</i>, ipa oquitlacatilli ynanotl in uitzilopochtli y yauyutl.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, coatepec otepeuh tepetitla yc moxaual ioan y teueuel, <i lang="la">id +est</i>, ichimal ic otepeuh aocac omoquichquetz iniquac peualoque coatepec +a iniquac otlalli cuecuechiuh, <i lang="la">id est</i>, iquac opopoliuhque.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="v-t" id="v-t">Hymn to Chimalipan in Parturition.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of +battles; Chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of +battles.</li> + +<li>On the <a name="i-c-16-1" id="i-c-16-1">Coatepec</a> was her labor; on the mountain he ripened into age; +as he became a man truly the earth was shaken, even as he became a man.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="v-n" id="v-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +The goddess Chimalipan is not mentioned by the authorities at my +command; but from the tenor of the hymn it is evident that the name is +a synonym for <a name="i-h-7f-1" id="i-h-7f-1">the virgin mother of Huitzilopochtli</a>, who is distinctly +referred to by his title <i lang="nah">Yautlatoani</i> (see <i lang="la">ante</i>, p. 18). In the myth, +she dwelt upon the Coatepetl, <a name="i-s-3b-1" id="i-s-3b-1">the Serpent Mountain</a>, on the +<a name="i-t-23-1" id="i-t-23-1">site of Tulan</a>. For a full discussion of this myth I refer to my inquiry, “<i class="title">Were +the <a name="i-t-16-1" id="i-t-16-1">Toltecs</a> an Historic Nationality?</i>” in <i class="title">Proceedings of the Amer. +Phil. Soc.</i> for Sept. 1887, and <i class="title">American Hero-Myths</i>, chap. 11. +(Phila., 1881). +</p> + +<p> +The Gloss distinctly states that the mother of Huitzilopochtli is +referred to in the hymn. We must regard Chimalipan therefore as +identical with <a name="i-c-9-1" id="i-c-9-1"><i lang="nah">Chimalman</i></a>, who, according to another myth dwelt in Tula +as a virgin, and was divinely impregnated by +<a name="i-f-1b-1" id="i-f-1b-1">the descending spirit of the All-father in the shape of a bunch of feathers</a>. +</p> + +<p> +In other myths she is mentioned as also the mother of +<a name="i-h-8b-1" id="i-h-8b-1">the Huitznahua, the enemies and the brothers of Huitzilopochtli</a>, referred to in the +second of this collection of chants. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="vi" id="vi"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="vi-h" id="vi-h"><span class="hymnnum">VI.</span> <span lang="nah">Ixcoçauhqui icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="vi-1" id="vi-1">Huiya tzonimolco notauane ye namech maya pinauhtiz, tetemoca ye +namech maya pinauhtiz.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vi-2" id="vi-2">Xonca mecatla notecua icçotl mimilcatoc chicueyocan naualcalli +nauali temoquetlaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vi-3" id="vi-3">Huiya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque, aya +iztleica naual moquizcauia, iztlauan naual moquizca.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vi-4" id="vi-4">Huia tzonimolco maceualli maya temacouia, oya tonaqui, oya tonaqui +maceualli, maya temacouiya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vi-5" id="vi-5">Huiya tzonimolco xoxolcuicatl cacauantoc ya ayouica mocuiltonoaci +tontecuitl moteicnelil mauiztli.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vi-6" id="vi-6">Huiya ciuatontla xatenonotza, ayyauhcalcatl quiyauatla, +xatenonotza.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Xoncan mecatlan notechoan.</span> <span class="varnum">3.</span> <span lang="nah">Iztleica</span> (for <span lang="nah">iztlauan</span>). <span class="varnum">6.</span> <span lang="nah">Ia +ayiauhcalcatl.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="vi-g" id="vi-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn itzonmolcatl notauane ye nemechpinauhtiz nachcan nochan +tetemoan, ye nemechpinauhtiz.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn mecatla amo tecuhuan in oncan icçotl mimilcatoc +ueyaquixtoc icçotl uncan in temoc in chicueyocan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tzonmolco otipeuhque macuico yn tzonmolco macuico +otipeuhque tleica in amo anualquiça tleica yn ayaualquiça.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tzonmolco otonac auh in omaceualhoan xinechinacaqui +notechpouizque yn enetoltiloyan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn cuicatl tzomolco ca ye cauani in aic necuiltonollo +netotilo in tetecuti yeua moteicnelil ca mauiztic.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn ciuatontli xitenonotza in quiauat ayauhcalcatl, <i lang="la">id +est</i>, in ticiuatontli xitenonotza.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="vi-t" id="vi-t">Hymn to Ixcoçauhqui.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>In the Hall of Flames let me not put to shame my ancestors; +descending there, let me not put you to shame.</li> + +<li>I fasten a rope to the sacred tree, I twist it in eight folds, that +by it I, a magician, may descend to the magical house.</li> + +<li>Begin your song in the Hall of Flames; begin your song in the Hall +of Flames; why does the magician not come forth? Why does he not rise +up?</li> + +<li>Let his subjects assist in the Hall of Flames; he appears, he +appears, let his subjects assist.</li> + +<li>Let the servants never cease the song in the Hall of Flames; let +them rejoice greatly, let them dance wonderfully.</li> + +<li>Call ye for the woman with abundant hair, whose care is the mist +and the rain, call ye for her.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="vi-n" id="vi-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +<i lang="nah">Ixcoçauhqui</i>, <a name="i-c-21-1" id="i-c-21-1">“the Yellow Faced,”</a> was the <a name="i-f-3-1" id="i-f-3-1">Mexican God of Fire</a>. +<a name="i-t-17-1" id="i-t-17-1">Torquemada</a> gives as his synonyms <a name="i-x-3-1" id="i-x-3-1"><i lang="nah">Xiuhtecutli</i></a>, “Lord of Fire,” and +<a name="i-h-6-1" id="i-h-6-1"><i lang="nah">Huehueteotl</i></a>, <a name="i-a-5-1" id="i-a-5-1">“the Ancient God”</a> (<i class="title" lang="es">Monarquia Indiana</i>, Lib. VI., cap. +28). Elsewhere he identifies him with the <a name="i-s-9-1" id="i-s-9-1">Sun-god</a> (<i lang="la">Ibid.</i>, Lib. XIV., +cap. 4). <a name="i-s-2d-7" id="i-s-2d-7">Sahagun describes his annual festival (<i class="title" lang="es">Hist.</i>, Lib. II., cap. +38)</a>, and gives another of his names, <a name="i-c-23-1" id="i-c-23-1"><i lang="nah">Cueçaltzin</i></a>, a reverential form of +<i lang="nah">cuezalotl</i>, flame (<i class="title" lang="es">Hist.</i>, Lib. I., cap. 13). +</p> + +<p> +The <a name="i-f-7-1" id="i-f-7-1"><i lang="nah">tzonmolco</i></a> so often referred to in this hymn was the sixty-fourth +edifice in the great <a name="i-t-3-2" id="i-t-3-2">temple of Tenochtitlan</a>, and was devoted to the +worship of Ixcoçauhqui (Sahagun). The word literally means +<a name="i-h-1-1" id="i-h-1-1">“the place of spreading hairs,” the rays or ornaments spreading from the head of the statue of the god representing flames</a> +(Sahagun). +</p> + +<p> +The reference in v. 6 seems to be to one of the <a name="i-s-1-5" id="i-s-1-5">women who were sacrificed at the festival</a>, +as related by Sahagun (Lib. II., App.). +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="vii" id="vii"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="vii-h" id="vii-h"><span class="hymnnum">VII.</span> <span lang="nah">Mimixcoa icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="vii-1" id="vii-1">Chicomoztoc quinexaqui, çani aueponi, çani, çani, teyomi.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vii-2" id="vii-2">Tziuactitlan quinexaqui, çani a aueponi, çani, çani, teyomi.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vii-3" id="vii-3">Oya nitemoc, oya nitemoc, aya ica nitemoc notziuaquimiuh, aya ica +nitemoc notziuaquimiuh.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vii-4" id="vii-4">Oya nitemoc, oya nitemoc, ayayca nitemoc nomatlauacal.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vii-5" id="vii-5">Ni quimacui, ni quimacui, yuaya niquimacui, niquimacui, yuanya ayo +macuiui.</a></li> + +<li><a name="vii-6" id="vii-6">Tlachtli icpacaya, uel incuicaya, quetzalcuxcuxaya, quinanquilia +çinteutla, aay.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Quinehoaqui.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Quineuaqui</span>. <span class="varnum">6.</span> <span lang="nah">Ipac.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="vii-g" id="vii-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, chicomoztoc oniualleuac çani aueponi, ichichimecatlatol, +çani aueponi, çani, çani teyomi.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, tziuactli in itlan oniualleuac çani aueponi, çani, çani +teyomi.</li> + +<li>Oya nitemoc, <i>q.n.</i>, onitemoc onitlacatl ipan ynotziuacmiuh; +onitemoc ipan ynotziuacmiuh ça niman ipan nitlacat ynotlauitol ynomiuh.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, onitemoc onitlacat inipan nomatlauacal ça niman ipan +nitlacat.</li> + +<li>Y yacatlatol. Yc a a inya in chichimeca in chichimecatlatol.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tlataçica tictecazque totlach uncan ticuicazque +noyehuatl in quetzalcocox.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="vii-t" id="vii-t">Hymn of Mixcoatl.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>I come forth from Chicomoztoc, only to you, my friends, to you, +honored ones.</li> + +<li>I come forth from Tziuactitlan, only to you my friends, only to you +honored ones.</li> + +<li>I sought, I sought, in all directions I sought with my pack; in all +directions I sought with my pack.</li> + +<li>I sought, I sought, in all directions I sought with my traveling +net.</li> + +<li>I took them in hand, I took them in hand; yes, I took them in hand; +yes, I took them in hand.</li> + +<li>In the ball ground I sang well and strong, like to the quetzal +bird; I answered back to the god.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="vii-n" id="vii-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +“The <a name="i-c-4-1" id="i-c-4-1">Chichimecs</a>,” says Sahagun (<i class="title" lang="es">Hist.</i>, Lib. VI., cap. 7), “worshipped +only one god, called <i lang="nah">Mixcoatl</i>.” The <a name="i-c-22-1" id="i-c-22-1"><i class="title" lang="es">Anales de Cuauhtitlan</i></a> speaks of +Mixcoatl as one of the leaders of the ancient Nahuas from their +primitive home <a name="i-c-7-1" id="i-c-7-1">Chicomoztoc, the land of the Seven Caves</a>. This is what is +referred to in the above hymn. In later times Mixcoatl became +<a name="i-m-12b-1" id="i-m-12b-1">god of hunting and of the tornado</a>, and his worship extended to the <a name="i-o-4-1" id="i-o-4-1">Otomis</a>. +</p> + +<p> +<a name="i-t-27-1" id="i-t-27-1"><i lang="nah">Tzihuactitlan</i></a>, “the land of the tzihuac bushes,” I have not found +mentioned by any of the Spanish authorities, but it is named in +connection with Chicomoztoc in an ancient war-song given in my +<a name="i-a-6-1" id="i-a-6-1"><i class="title">Ancient Nahuatl Poetry</i></a>, pp. 88 and 140. +</p> + +<p> +The hymn appears to be in memory of the leadership of Mixcoatl in +conducting the ancestors of the <a name="i-n-1-1" id="i-n-1-1">Nahua</a> on their long wanderings after +leaving their pristine seats. It should be read in connection with the +earlier pages of the <a name="i-c-22-2" id="i-c-22-2"><i class="title">Annals of Cuauhtitlan</i></a>. +</p> + +<p> +The reduplicated form of the name, <i lang="nah">Mimixcoatl</i>, is not found elsewhere, +and appears to be a poetic license. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="viii" id="viii"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="viii-h" id="viii-h"><span class="hymnnum">VIII.</span> <span lang="nah">Xochipilli icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="viii-1" id="viii-1">Ye cuicaya tocniuaya ouaya yeo, ye cuicaya ye quetzalcoxcuxa +yoaltica tlao çinteutla, oay.</a></li> + +<li><a name="viii-2" id="viii-2">Çan quicaquiz nocuic ocoyoalle teumechaue, oquicaquiz nocuica in +cipactonalla atilili, ouayya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="viii-3" id="viii-3">Ayao, ayao, ayao, ayao, nitlanauati ay tlalocan tlamacazque, ayao, +ayao, ayao.</a></li> + +<li><a name="viii-4" id="viii-4">Ayao, ayao, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque nitlanauati, aya, ayao, +ayyao.</a></li> + +<li><a name="viii-5" id="viii-5">Ao çani uallaçic, otli nepaniuia, cani çinteutla campa ye noyaz, +campa otli nicyatoca ça oay.</a></li> + +<li><a name="viii-6" id="viii-6">Ayao, aya, ayao, tlalocan tlamacazque, quiauiteteu, ayyao, aya, +ayao.</a></li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="viii-g" id="viii-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ca otonac, ca otlatuic ca ye cuico ca ye cuica centeotl in +quetzalcocox.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, macaco in tocuic ynican maquicaquican yn nican tlaca.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ca onitlanauati ni tlaloca catli ye nictocaz utli.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn antlaloque yn antlamacazque catli nictocaz yn anteteuh.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="viii-t" id="viii-t">Hymn to Xochipilli.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>O friends, <a name="i-q-2-1" id="i-q-2-1">the quetzal bird</a> sings, it sings its song at midnight to +<a name="i-c-13-1" id="i-c-13-1">Cinteotl</a>.</li> + +<li>The god will surely hear my song by night, he will hear my song as +the day begins to break.</li> + +<li>I send forth the priests to the <a name="i-r-2-1" id="i-r-2-1">house of Tlaloc</a>.</li> + +<li>The priests to the house of Tlaloc do I send forth.</li> + +<li>I shall go forth, I shall join myself unto them, I shall go where +is Cinteotl, I shall follow the path to him.</li> + +<li>The priests go forth to the house of Tlaloc, to the <a name="i-g-1b-2" id="i-g-1b-2">home of the gods of the plain</a>.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="viii-n" id="viii-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +<a name="i-x-4b-1" id="i-x-4b-1"><i lang="nah">Xochipilli</i></a>, <a name="i-f-8a-1" id="i-f-8a-1">“lord of flowers,”</a> otherwise named <a name="i-m-1a-1" id="i-m-1a-1"><i lang="nah">Macuilxochitl</i></a>, <a name="i-f-6-1" id="i-f-6-1">“five flowers”</a> +(the name of a small odorous plant), was the deity who gave and protected all flowering plants. +As one of the gods of fertility and production, he was associated with Tlaloc, <a name="i-r-1-1" id="i-r-1-1">god of rains</a>, and Cinteotl, +<a name="i-m-3a-1" id="i-m-3a-1">god of maize</a>. His festival is described in Sahagun (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. I., +cap. 14). +</p> + +<div class="pseudool"> +<div class="pseudoli"> + 2. <a name="i-c-14-1" id="i-c-14-1"><i lang="nah">Cipactonalla</i>, from <i lang="nah">cipactli</i>, and <i lang="nah">tonalli</i>, may refer to <i lang="nah">Cipactonal</i>, the reputed discoverer of the Aztec calendar. See <em>Sahagun</em>, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. IV., cap. I.</a> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="ix" id="ix"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="ix-h" id="ix-h"><span class="hymnnum">IX.</span> <span lang="nah">Xochiquetzal icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="ix-1" id="ix-1">Atlayauican ni xochiquetzalli tlacya niuitza ya motencaliuan +tamoanchan oay.</a></li> + +<li><a name="ix-2" id="ix-2">Ye quitichocaya tlamacazecatla piltzintecutlo quiyatemoaya ye +xochinquetzalla xoyauia ay topa niaz, oay.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Icotochiquetzalla.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="ix-g" id="ix-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ompa niuitz ynixochiquetzal tamoanchan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, choca piltzintecutli quitemoa in xochiquetzal xoyauia no +umpa niaz.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="ix-t" id="ix-t">Hymn to Xochiquetzal.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>I, Xochiquetzal, go forth willingly to the dancing place by the +water, going forth to the <a name="i-t-1b-1" id="i-t-1b-1">houses in Tamoanchan</a>.</li> + +<li>Ye noble youths, ye priests who wept, seeking Xochiquetzal, go +forth there where I am going.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="ix-n" id="ix-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +<i lang="nah">Xochiquetzal</i>, <a name="i-f-8b-1" id="i-f-8b-1">“plumage of flowers,”</a> was the <a name="i-a-8-1" id="i-a-8-1">deity of the artists</a>, the +painters, weavers, engravers on metal, silver and goldsmiths, and of all +who dealt in fine colors. Her figure was that of a young woman with gay +garments and jewelry (<a name="i-d-6-3" id="i-d-6-3">Duran</a>, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. 94). In the <a name="i-c-18-2" id="i-c-18-2"><i class="title">Codex Telleriano-Remensis</i></a> +she is assigned as synonyms <a name="i-i-1-1" id="i-i-1-1"><i lang="nah">Ichpochtli</i></a>, the +Virgin, and <a name="i-i-5-1" id="i-i-5-1"><i lang="nah">Itzpapalotl</i></a>, literally <a name="i-o-1-1" id="i-o-1-1">“the obsidian butterfly,”</a> but which +was probably applied to a peculiar ornament of her idol. +</p> + +<p> +On <i lang="nah">Tamoanchan</i> see <a href="#iv-n" class="link">notes to Hymn IV</a>. +</p> + +<p> +The term <i lang="nah">atlayauican</i>, which I have translated “the dancing place by +the water,” appears to refer to the <a name="i-d-1a-1" id="i-d-1a-1">“jar dance,” <i lang="es">baile de las jicaras</i></a>, +which took place at the festival of the goddess, in the month of +October. <a name="i-d-6-4" id="i-d-6-4">Duran</a> informs us this was executed at a spot by the shore of +the lake. Ceremonial bathing was carried on at the same festival, and +these baths were considered to cleanse from sin, as well as from +physical pollution. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="x" id="x"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="x-h" id="x-h"><span class="hymnnum">X.</span> <span lang="nah">Amimitl icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="x-1" id="x-1">Cotiuana, cotiuana, cali totoch maca huiya yyalimanico, +oquixanimanico, tlacochcalico, oua, yya yya, matonicaya, matonicalico, +oua yya yo, çana, çana, ayoueca niuia, çana canoya, ueca niuia, yya, +yya, yyeuaya, çana, çana, yeucua niuia.</a></li> + +<li><a name="x-2" id="x-2">Ye necuiliyaya, niuaya, niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh niuahuaya, +niuaya, niuaya, ay ca nauh.</a></li> + +<li><a name="x-3" id="x-3">Tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini, ayoaya, +yoaya, ye ca nauhtzini.</a></li> + +<li><a name="x-4" id="x-4">Aueya itzipana nomauilia, aueya itzipana nomauilia, aueya itzipana +nomauilia.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Manca. Matinicaya.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="x-g" id="x-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<p lang="nah"> +In amimitl icuic yuh mitoa in ueli chichimeca cuic amo uel caquizti in +quein quitoa in tonauatlatol ypa. +</p> + + +<h2><a name="x-t" id="x-t">Hymn to Amimitl.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>Join together your hands in the house, take hands in the sequent +course, let them spread forth, spread forth in the hall of arrows. Join +hands, join hands in the house, for this, for this have I come, have I +come.</li> + +<li><a name="i-f-10-3" id="i-f-10-3">Yes, I have come, bringing four with me, yes I have come, four +being with me.</a></li> + +<li>Four noble ones, carefully selected, four noble ones, carefully +selected, yes, four noble ones.</li> + +<li>They personally appear before his face, they personally appear +before his face, they personally appear before his face.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="x-n" id="x-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +The brief Gloss to this Hymn states that it is of ancient <a name="i-c-4-2" id="i-c-4-2">Chichimec</a> +origin and that it cannot well be rendered in Nahuatl. Its language is +exceedingly obscure, but it is evidently a dancing song. +</p> + +<p> +<a name="i-a-4b-1" id="i-a-4b-1"><i lang="nah">Amimitl</i></a>, “the water-arrow,” or <a name="i-f-5-1" id="i-f-5-1">“fish-spear,”</a> was, according to +<a name="i-t-17-2" id="i-t-17-2">Torquemada</a>, especially worshipped at Cuitlahuac. He was god of fishing, +and visited the subjects of his displeasure with diseases of a dropsical +or watery character (<i class="title" lang="es">Monarquia Indiana</i>, Lib. VI., cap. 29). On slender +and questionable grounds <a name="i-c-15-1" id="i-c-15-1">Clavigero</a> identifies him with +<a name="i-o-3-1" id="i-o-3-1">Opochtli, the god of net makers and fishers with nets</a> (<i class="title" lang="it">Storia Antica del Messico</i>, Tom. +II., p. 20). +</p> + +<p> +<a name="i-f-10-4" id="i-f-10-4">The four noble ones</a> referred to in vv. 3 and 4 probably refer to those +characters in the Mexican sacred dances called <a name="i-a-10-1" id="i-a-10-1">“the four auroras,”</a> four +actors clothed respectively in <a name="i-c-21-2" id="i-c-21-2">white, green, yellow and red</a> robes. See +Diego Duran, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. 87. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xi" id="xi"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xi-h" id="xi-h"><span class="hymnnum">XI.</span> <span lang="nah">Otontecutli icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xi-1" id="xi-1">Onoalico, onoalico, pomaya, yyaya, ayyo, ayyo, aya, aya, ayyo.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xi-2" id="xi-2">Chimalocutitlana motlaqueuia auetzini nonoualico, quauinochitla, +cacauatla motlaqueuia auetzini.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xi-3" id="xi-3">Ni tepanecatli aya cuecuexi, ni quetzallicoatli aya cuecuexi.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xi-4" id="xi-4">Cane ca ya itziueponi, cane ca ya itziueponi.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xi-5" id="xi-5">Otomico, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame ya yauilili, noyoco, nauaco, +mexicame ya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xi-6" id="xi-6">A chimalli aya, xa, xauino quiyauilili, noyoco, nauaco, mexicame +ya.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah"><a name="i-n-5-1" id="i-n-5-1">Nonoualco</a>.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="xi-t" id="xi-t">Hymn of Olontecutli.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>At Nonoalco he rules, at Nonoalco, Oho! Oho!</li> + +<li>In the pine woods he prepares your destruction at Nonoalco, in the +tuna woods, in the cacao woods he prepares your destruction.</li> + +<li>I, dweller in the palace, shook them; <a name="i-q-3b-1" id="i-q-3b-1">I, Quetzalcoatl</a>, shook them.</li> + +<li>There was a splendor of spears, a splendor of spears.</li> + +<li>With my captain, with my courage, with my skill, <a name="i-m-7-1" id="i-m-7-1">the Mexicans</a> were +put to flight; even the Mexicans, with my courage, with my skill.</li> + +<li>Go forth, ye shield bearers, put the Mexicans to flight with my +courage, with my skill.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xi-n" id="xi-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +The absence of a Gloss to this hymn adds to the difficulty of a +translation. <a name="i-o-5b-1" id="i-o-5b-1"><i lang="nah">Otontecutli</i></a> was the chief deity of the Otomis, and +<a name="i-a-12b-1" id="i-a-12b-1">the chant appears to be one of their war songs in their conflict with the Azteca.</a> +The name is a compound of <i lang="nah">otomitl</i>, an Otomi, and <i lang="nah">tecutli</i>, +ruler or lord. He is slightly referred to by Sahagun as “the first ruler +to govern the ancestors of the Otomis.” (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. X, cap. 29, +sec. 5.) +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xii" id="xii"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xii-h" id="xii-h"><span class="hymnnum">XII.</span> <span lang="nah">Ayopechtli icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xii-1" id="xii-1">Cane cana ichan, ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xii-2" id="xii-2">Cane cana ichan ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc, cane ichan +chacayoticaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xii-3" id="xii-3">Xiualmeuayauia, xiua xiualmeuayaauiaya yancuipilla, xiualmeuaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xii-4" id="xii-4">Auiya xiualmeuaya, ueya, xiua, xiualmeuaya, cozcapilla xiualmeuaya.</a></li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xii-g" id="xii-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in oncan ichan ayopechtli oncan mixiuiqui tlacatilia in +cuzcatl quetzalli.</li> + +<li>Cane cana ichan, <i>q.n.</i>, in oncan ichan ayopechcatl oncan +quitlacatilia in cozcatl quetzalli oncan yoliua, tlacatiua.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ximeua, ximeua, in tipiltzintli xiualmeua in quinotitlacat +tipiltzintli.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, xiualmeua, xiualmeua, in tipiltzintli in ti cuzcatl, in ti +quetzalli.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xii-t" id="xii-t">Hymn to Ayopechcatl.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>Truly in whatever house there is a lying-in, Ayopechcatl takes +charge of the child.</li> + +<li>Truly in whatever house there is a lying-in, Ayopechcatl takes +charge of the child, there where it is weeping in the house.</li> + +<li>Come along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you new comer, come along +and cry out.</li> + +<li>Come along and cry out, cry out, cry out, you little jewel, cry +out.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xii-n" id="xii-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +The name of Ayopechcatl does not appear among the divinities named by +Sahagun, Duran or the other authorities at my command. <a name="i-a-11b-1" id="i-a-11b-1">Her name +indicates her function as the goddess of the child-bed and the neonatus,</a> +and the above hymn establishes her claim to a place in the Aztec +pantheon. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xiii" id="xiii"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xiii-h" id="xiii-h"><span class="hymnnum">XIII.</span> <span lang="nah">Ciuacoatl icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xiii-1" id="xiii-1">Quaui, quaui, quilaztla, coaeztica xayaualoc uiuiya quauiuitl +uitzalochpa chalima aueuetl ye colhoa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiii-2" id="xiii-2">Huiya tonaca, acxolma centla teumilco chicauaztica, motlaquechizca.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiii-3" id="xiii-3">Uitztla, uitztla, nomactemi, uitztla, uitztla nomactemi, açan +teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiii-4" id="xiii-4">Malinalla nomactemi, açan teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiii-5" id="xiii-5">A omei quauhtli, ye tonanaya chalmecatecutli ay tziuac y mauiztla +nechyatetemilli, yeua nopiltzinaya mixcoatla.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiii-6" id="xiii-6">Ya tonani, yauçiuatzin, aya tonan yauçiuatzi aya y maca coliuacan y +yuitla y potocaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiii-7" id="xiii-7">Ahuiya ye tonaquetli, yautlatocaya, ahuiya ye tonaquetli +yautlatocaya moneuila no tlaca cenpoliuiz aya y maca coliuaca y yuitla y +potocaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiii-8" id="xiii-8">Ahuia quauiuitl amo xayaualli onauiya yecoyametl amo xayaualli.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Cohoaeztica.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Acxoima.</span> <span class="varnum">7.</span> <span lang="nah">Maneuila, cenpoalihuiz, inmaca.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="xiii-g" id="xiii-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in quauhcihuatl, ic oxaualoc in coaetztli, ioan in quauhtli +yhuitli in moteneua iquauhtzon, ipan iualuicoc yn umpa colhuacan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, inic motocaya çentli, in mochiuaya teumilpa, ichicauaztica +inic tlatatacaya, inic tocaya.</li> + +<li>Uitztla, <i>q.n.</i>, nomactemi nochicauaztica inic nitocaya, inic +nitlatatacaya.</li> + +<li><a name="xiii-g-4" id="xiii-g-4" class="anti-link">Malinalla, uictli, <i>q.n.</i>, uictica in tlachpanaya, <i lang="la">id est</i>, +iceliniquia, yn uncan teumilpan auh ychicauaztica inic nitlatatacaya, +inic tocaya.</a></li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, matlactli omei quauhtli yn notonal innamona auh ynan +nopilhoan in chalmeca xicuiti in tziuactli xinechtemilica.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, in iyauciuatzin yn amona umpa nochan in coluaca auh in +quauiuitl nictemaca ynic oquauhtiuac.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ca otonac ca otlatuic momochiua yauyutl ma tlamalo +tlalpiliuiz nic temaca in quauiuitl.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, aahuia yn otlamaloc in quauiuitl yc moxaua.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xiii-t" id="xiii-t">Hymn to Cihuacoatl.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li><a name="i-q-4a-1" id="i-q-4a-1">Quilaztli</a>, plumed with eagle feathers, with the crest of eagles, +painted with <a name="i-s-3d-1" id="i-s-3d-1">serpents’ blood</a>, comes with her hoe, beating her drum, from +Colhuacan.</li> + +<li>She alone, who is our flesh, goddess of the fields and shrubs, is +strong to support us.</li> + +<li>With the hoe, with the hoe, with hands full, with the hoe, with +hands full, the goddess of the fields is strong to support us.</li> + +<li>With a broom in her hands the goddess of the fields strongly +supports us.</li> + +<li>Our mother is as twelve eagles, <a name="i-d-4-1" id="i-d-4-1">goddess of drum-beating</a>, +<a name="i-m-12b-2" id="i-m-12b-2">filling the fields of tzioac and maguey like our lord Mixcoatl</a>.</li> + +<li>She is our mother, a <a name="i-w-1b-1" id="i-w-1b-1">goddess of war</a>, our mother, a goddess of war, +an example and a companion from the home of our ancestors (Colhuacan).</li> + +<li>She comes forth, she appears when war is waged, she protects us in +war that we shall not be destroyed, an example and companion from the +home of our ancestors.</li> + +<li><a name="i-e-1-1" id="i-e-1-1">She comes adorned in the ancient manner with the eagle crest, in +the ancient manner with the eagle crest.</a></li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xiii-n" id="xiii-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +Cihuacoatl was the mythical mother of the human race. Her name, +generally translated <a name="i-s-3c-1" id="i-s-3c-1">“serpent woman,”</a> should be rendered +<a name="i-t-25-1" id="i-t-25-1">“woman of twins”</a> or “bearing twins,” as the myth related that such was her +fertility that she always bore two children at one lying-in. +(<a name="i-t-17-3" id="i-t-17-3">Torquemada</a>, <i class="title" lang="es">Monarquia Indiana</i>, Lib. VI., cap. 31.) She was also known +by the title <a name="i-t-21-1" id="i-t-21-1"><i lang="nah">Tonan</i> or <i lang="nah">Tonantzin</i></a>, <a name="i-m-16a-1" id="i-m-16a-1">“our mother,”</a> as in v. 5 and 6. +Still another of her appellations was <a name="i-q-4a-2" id="i-q-4a-2"><i lang="nah">Quilaztli</i></a>, which is given her in +v. 1. (Comp. Sahagun, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, Lib. VI., cap. 27.) She was +essentially a <a name="i-f-2-2" id="i-f-2-2">goddess of fertility and reproduction</a>. The name +<i lang="nah">cihuacoatl</i> was also applied to one of the higher magistrates and war +chiefs in the Aztec army (Sahagun). Reference is made to this in v. 6. +As a goddess of venerable antiquity, she is spoken of as coming from +Colhuacan, “the place of the old men,” or of the ancestors of the tribe. +<a name="i-c-20b-1" id="i-c-20b-1">This name is derived from <i lang="nah">coloa</i>, to bend down, as an aged person, <i lang="nah">colli</i>, an old man.</a> +(See my <a name="i-a-6-2" id="i-a-6-2"><i class="title">Ancient Nahuatl Poetry</i></a>, pp. 172-3). +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xiv" id="xiv"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xiv-h" id="xiv-h"><span class="hymnnum">XIV.</span> <span lang="nah">Izcatqui yn cuicatl chicuexiuhtica meuaya iniquac atamalqualoya.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xiv-1" id="xiv-1">Xochitl noyollo cuepontimania ye tlacoyoalle, oaya, oouayaye.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-2" id="xiv-2">Yecoc ye tonan, yecoc ye teutl tlacolteutla, oaya, ooayaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-3" id="xiv-3">Otlacatqui çenteutl tamiyoanichan ni xochitlicacani. Çey xochitli +yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao, ayaue, oayyaue.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-4" id="xiv-4">Otlacatqui çenteutl, atl, yayaui cani tlaca pillachiualoya +chalchimichuacan, yyao, yantala, yatanta, a yyao, ayyaue tilili yao, +ayyaue, oayyaue.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-5" id="xiv-5">Oya tlatonazqui tlauizcalleuaya inan tlachinaya nepapan quechol, +xochitlacacan y yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao, ayyaue, +oayyayaue.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-6" id="xiv-6">Tlalpa timoquetzca, tianquiz nauaquia nitlacatla, ni quetzalcoatla, +yyao, yantala, yantata, ayyao, ayyaue, tilili yao ayyaue, oayyayue.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-7" id="xiv-7">Ma ya auiallo xochinquauitl itlani nepapan quecholli ma ya in +quecholli xicaquiya tlatoaya y toteuh, xicaquiya tlatoaya y quechol +amach yeua tonicauh tlapitza amach ychan tlacaluaz, ouao.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-8" id="xiv-8">Aye oho, yyayya, ça miquiyecauiz ça noxocha tonaca xochitli ye +izqui xochitla, xochitlicacan, yyaa.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-9" id="xiv-9">Ollama, ollama uiue xolutl nauallachic, ollama ya xolutl +chalchiuecatl xiquitta mach, oya moteca piltzintecutli yoanchan, +yoanchan.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-10" id="xiv-10">Piltzintle, piltzintle toçuitica timopotonia tlachco, timotlalli +yoanchan, yoanchan.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-11" id="xiv-11">Oztomecatla yyaue, oztomecatla xochiquetzal quimama, ontlatca +cholola, ayye, ayyo, oye maui noyol, oye maui noyol, aoya yecoc +centeutl, matiuia obispo, oztomecatl chacalhoa, xiuhnacochtla, yteamic +ximaquiztla yteamico, ayye, ayye.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xiv-12" id="xiv-12">Cochina, cochina, cocochi ye nicmaololo, ni cani ye çiuatl ni +cochina yyeo, ouayeo, yho, yya, yya.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">3.</span> <span lang="nah">Çenteuteutl.</span> <span class="varnum">4.</span> <span lang="nah">Uillachiualoia.</span> <span class="varnum">5.</span> <span lang="nah">Oya tonazqui.</span> <span class="varnum">5.</span> <span lang="nah">Tlapan.</span> +<span class="varnum">10.</span> <span lang="nah">Timotlalia.</span> <span class="varnum">11.</span> <span lang="nah">Suchiquetzal. Ontlatoa cholollan.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="xiv-t" id="xiv-t">This is the Hymn which they sang every eight years when they fasted on +bread and water.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>The flower in my heart blossoms and spreads abroad in the middle of +the night.</li> + +<li><a name="i-t-21-2" id="i-t-21-2">Tonan</a> has satisfied her passion, the goddess <a name="i-t-14-1" id="i-t-14-1">Tlazolteotl</a> has +satisfied her passion.</li> + +<li>I, Cinteotl, was born in <a name="i-p-1-4" id="i-p-1-4">Paradise</a>, I come from the place of +flowers. I am the only flower, the new, the glorious one.</li> + +<li>Cinteotl was born from the water; he came born as a mortal, as a +youth, from the cerulean home of the fishes, a new, a glorious god.</li> + +<li>He shone forth as the sun; his mother dwelt in the house of the +dawn, varied in hue as the <a name="i-q-1-1" id="i-q-1-1">quechol</a> bird, a new, a glorious flower.</li> + +<li>I came forth on the earth, even to the market place like a mortal, +even <a name="i-q-3b-2" id="i-q-3b-2">I, Quetzalcoatl</a>, great and glorious.</li> + +<li>Be ye happy under the flower-bush varied in hue as the quetzal +bird; listen to the quechol singing to the gods; listen to the singing +of the quechol along the river; hear its flute along the river in the +house of the reeds.</li> + +<li><a name="i-f-8c-1" id="i-f-8c-1">Alas! would that my flowers would cease from dying; our flesh is as flowers, even as flowers in the place of flowers.</a></li> + +<li><a name="i-b-1-1" id="i-b-1-1">He plays at ball, he plays at ball, the servant of marvellous skill; he plays at ball, the precious servant; look at him; even the ruler of the nobles follows him to his house.</a></li> + +<li>O youths! O youths! follow the example of your ancestors; make +yourselves equal to them in the ball count; establish yourselves in your +houses.</li> + +<li>She goes to the mart, they carry <a name="i-x-6c-1" id="i-x-6c-1">Xochiquetzal</a> to the mart; she +speaks at <a name="i-c-11-1" id="i-c-11-1">Cholula</a>; she startles my heart; she startles my heart; she has +not finished, the priest knows her; where the merchants sell <a name="i-j-1-1" id="i-j-1-1">green jade earrings</a> +she is to be seen, in the place of wonders she is to be seen.</li> + +<li>Sleep, sleep, sleep, I fold my hands to sleep, I, O woman, sleep.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xiv-n" id="xiv-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +In default of a Gloss to this hymn, the indispensable <a name="i-s-2d-8" id="i-s-2d-8">Sahagun</a> again +comes to our aid. He informs us in the Appendix to the second book of +his <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i> that “When the Indians celebrated the festival called +<i lang="nah">atamalqualiztli</i>, which took place <a name="i-e-3-1" id="i-e-3-1">every eight years</a>, certain natives +called <a name="i-m-5-1" id="i-m-5-1">Mazateca</a> <a name="i-s-3e-1" id="i-s-3e-1">swallowed living serpents and frogs</a>, and received +garments as a recompense for their daring.” <a name="i-b-3-1" id="i-b-3-1">We are not informed as to +the purpose of the festival, and its name, which signifies “eating +bread made with water,” is merely that of one of the regular systems of +fasting in vogue in ancient Mexico.</a> <a name="i-s-2d-9" id="i-s-2d-9">(See Sahagun, Lib. III., cap. 8.)</a> +The song before us appears to be a recitation calling on a number of the +Nahua divinities. +</p> + +<div class="pseudool"> +<div class="pseudoli"> + 1. <a name="i-f-8c-2" id="i-f-8c-2">“The flower in my heart” is a metaphorical expression for song.</a> +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 2. <i lang="nah">Tonan</i>, “Our Mother”; <i lang="nah">Tlazolteotl</i>, the goddess of lascivious +love, <a name="i-v-1-1" id="i-v-1-1"><i>Venus impudica</i></a>. The verb <i lang="nah">yecoa</i> appears to have its early +signification, expressing carnal connection. +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 3. <a name="i-c-13b-1" id="i-c-13b-1"><i lang="nah">Centeotl</i>, god of maize and fertility.</a> +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 8. The flowers referred to are the youths and maidens who die young. +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 9. <a name="i-b-1-2" id="i-b-1-2">The house of the ball player</a> is the tomb. +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 11. This verse is very obscure and is obviously corrupt. It contains +the only Spanish word in the text of these hymns—<i lang="es">obispo</i>—a word +including two letters, <i>b</i> and <i>s</i>, not in the Nahuatl alphabet. +</div> + +<div class="pseudoli"> + 12. The woman referred to is <a name="i-x-6c-2" id="i-x-6c-2">Xochiquetzal</a>. See <a href="#ix" class="link">Hymn IX</a>. +</div> +</div> +</div> + + + + +<div class="illustration"> +<a href="images/full2.jpg" name="ill2" id="ill2"> +<img src="images/inline2.jpg" alt="[Illustration: PRIEST OF XIPPE TOTEC, DRINKING AND PLAYING ON A DRUM. HYMN XV.]" title="PRIEST OF XIPPE TOTEC, DRINKING AND PLAYING ON A DRUM. HYMN XV." class="illustration" id="ill2img" /> +</a> +<div class="caption">Priest of Xippe Totec, Drinking and Playing on a Drum. Hymn XV.</div> +</div> + +<h1><a name="xv" id="xv"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xv-h" id="xv-h"><span class="hymnnum">XV.</span> <span lang="nah">Xippe icuic, Totec, yoallauana.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xv-1" id="xv-1">Yoalli tlauana, iztleican nimonenequia xiyaqui mitlatia +teocuitlaquemitl, xicmoquenti quetlauia.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xv-2" id="xv-2">Noteua chalchimamatlaco, apana, y temoya ay quetzallaueuetl, ay +quetzalxiuicoatl, nechiya iqui nocauhquetl, ouiya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xv-3" id="xv-3">Maniyauia, nia nia poliuiz, ni yoatzin achalchiuhtla noyollo, +ateucuitlatl nocoyaitaz, noyolceuizqui tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya, +otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl ouiya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xv-4" id="xv-4">Noteua ce in tlaco xayailiuiz çonoa y yoatzin motepeyocpa +mitzualitta moteua, noyolceuizquin tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya, +otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl, ouiya.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Quetloujia.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Noteuhoa chalchimmama tlacoapana itemoia.</span> <span class="varnum">3.</span> +<span lang="nah">Achalchiuhtla.</span> <span class="varnum">4.</span> <span lang="nah">Centlaco, mitzualitla.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="xv-g" id="xv-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn ti yoallauana, ti xipe, totec, tleica in ti monequi in +timoçuma, in timotlatia, <i lang="la">id est</i>, tleica in amo quiauiteocuitlaquemitl, +xicmoquenti, <i>q.n.</i>, ma quiaui, ma ualauh yn atl.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn ti noteuh, otemoc in mauhoualla yn mauh; ay quetzalla +ueuetl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, ye tlaquetzalpatia ye tlaxoxouia, ye xopantla. Ay +quetzal xiuhcoatl nechia iqui no cauhquetl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, ca ye otechcauh yn +mayanaliztli.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ma mauh, ma nipoliui yn ni yoatzin, <i lang="la">id est</i>, in catleuatl, +yuhquin chalchiuitl noyollo. A teocuitlatl nocoyaitaz, <i>q.n.</i>, in +catleuatl achtomochiuaz ninoyolceuiz.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn oteuh cequi tlatlacotyan in mochiua initonacayouh, +auh in tlein tlatlacotyan achto mochiua mochi tlacatl achto mitzualmaca, +auh iniquac ye omochimochiuh occeppa nomochi tlacatl mitzualmaca yn +motonacayuh.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xv-t" id="xv-t">Hymn of the High Priest of Xipe Totec.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>The nightly drinking, why should I oppose it? Go forth and array +yourselves in the golden garments, clothe yourselves in the glittering +vestments.</li> + +<li>My god descended upon the water, into the beautiful glistening +surface; he was as a lovely <a name="i-w-2-1" id="i-w-2-1">water cypress</a>, as a beauteous green serpent; +now I have left behind me my suffering.</li> + +<li>I go forth, I go forth about to destroy, I, <a name="i-y-2-1" id="i-y-2-1">Yoatzin</a>; my soul is in +the cerulean water; I am seen in the golden water; I shall appear unto +mortals; I shall strengthen them for the words of war!</li> + +<li>My god appears as a mortal; O Yoatzin, thou art seen upon the +mountains; I shall appear unto mortals; I shall strengthen them for the +words of war.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xv-n" id="xv-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +There is slight mention of the deity Xipe Totec in the Spanish writers. +He was the patron divinity of the silversmiths, and his festival, +attended with peculiarly bloody rites, was celebrated in the first month +of the calendar. (<a name="i-d-6-5" id="i-d-6-5">Duran</a>, <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. 87; Sahagun, Lib. I., cap. 18, +Lib. II., cap. 21, etc.) <a name="i-q-3c-1" id="i-q-3c-1">Totec is named as one of the companions of Quetzalcoatl</a>, +and an ancient divinity whose temple stood on the +<a name="i-t-26-1" id="i-t-26-1"><i lang="nah">Tzatzitepec</i></a> (see the <a name="i-c-19-1" id="i-c-19-1"><i class="title">Codex Vaticanus</i></a>; Tab. XII., in <a name="i-k-1b-1" id="i-k-1b-1">Kingsborough’s <i class="title">Mexico</i></a>). +His high priest was called <a name="i-y-3-1" id="i-y-3-1"><i lang="nah">Youallauan</i></a>, “the nocturnal +tippler” (<i lang="nah">youalli</i>, night, and <i lang="nah">tlauana</i>, to drink to slight +intoxication), and it was his duty <a name="i-h-3-1" id="i-h-3-1">to tear out the hearts of the human victims</a> +(Sahagun, <i lang="la">u.s.</i>). The epithet <a name="i-y-2-2" id="i-y-2-2"><i lang="nah">Yoatzin</i></a>, <a name="i-n-4-2" id="i-n-4-2">“noble night-god,”</a> +bears some relation to the celebration of his rites at night. +</p> +</div> + +<div class="illustration"> +<a href="images/full3.jpg" name="ill3" id="ill3"> +<img src="images/inline3.jpg" alt="[Illustration: CHICOMECOATL, GODDESS OF FOOD AND DRINK. HYMN XVI.]" title="CHICOMECOATL, GODDESS OF FOOD AND DRINK. HYMN XVI." class="illustration" id="ill3img" /> +</a> +<div class="caption">Chicomecoatl, Goddess of Food and Drink. Hymn XVI.</div> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xvi" id="xvi"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xvi-h" id="xvi-h"><span class="hymnnum">XVI.</span> <span lang="nah">Chicomecoatl icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xvi-1" id="xvi-1">Chicomollotzin xayameua, ximiçotica aca tona titech icnocauazqui +tiyauia mochan tlallocan nouia.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xvi-2" id="xvi-2">Xayameua ximiçotica aca tonan titech icnocauazqui tiyauian mochan +tlallocan nouiya.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Xaia mehoa.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="xvi-g" id="xvi-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn ti chicomolotl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, in ti centli ximeua, xiça, +xixoa, ca otimouicaya in mochan tlallocan.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, xayameua, <i lang="la">id est</i>, ximeua, xixua, xiça, ca otimouicaya in +mochantzinco in tlallocan ca yuhquin ti tonatzon.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xvi-t" id="xvi-t">Hymn to Chicomecoatl.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>O noble <a name="i-c-6-1" id="i-c-6-1">Chicomolotl</a>, arise, awake, leave us not unprotected on the +way, conduct us to the <a name="i-t-12b-3" id="i-t-12b-3">home of Tlaloc</a>.</li> + +<li>Arise, awake, leave us not unprotected on the way, conduct us to +the home of Tlaloc.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xvi-n" id="xvi-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +The goddess Chicomecoatl, <a name="i-s-4-1" id="i-s-4-1">“seven guests,”</a> was the deity who +<a name="i-c-5b-1" id="i-c-5b-1">presided over food and drink</a>. Hence in the first verse she is referred to as +Chicomolotl, “seven ears of corn,” and is spoken of as a guide to +Tlalocan, or <a name="i-a-1-1" id="i-a-1-1">the home of abundance</a>. +</p> + +<p> +<a name="i-d-6-6" id="i-d-6-6">Father Duran, who</a> gives a long chapter on this goddess (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. +92), translates her name <a name="i-h-2-1" id="i-h-2-1">“serpent of seven heads,”</a> and adds that +<a name="i-c-2-1" id="i-c-2-1">she was also called <i lang="nah">Chalciucihuatl</i></a>, <a name="i-e-4-1" id="i-e-4-1">“Lady of the Emerald,”</a> and <a name="i-x-1-1" id="i-x-1-1"><i lang="nah">Xilonen</i></a>, +<a name="i-g-2-1" id="i-g-2-1">“goddess of the tender ears of maize.”</a> <a name="i-c-5b-2" id="i-c-5b-2">Every kind of seed and vegetable +which served for food was under her guardianship</a>, and hence her festival, +held about the middle of September, was particularly solemn. Her statue +represented her as a girl of about twelve years old. +</p> +</div> + +<div class="illustration"> +<a href="images/full4.jpg" name="ill4" id="ill4"> +<img src="images/inline4.jpg" alt="[Illustration: TOTOCHTIN, THE RABBITS, GODS OF THE DRUNKARDS. HYMN XVII.]" title="TOTOCHTIN, THE RABBITS, GODS OF THE DRUNKARDS. HYMN XVII." class="illustration" id="ill4img" /> +</a> +<div class="caption">Totochtin, the Rabbits, Gods of the Drunkards. Hymn XVII.</div> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xvii" id="xvii"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xvii-h" id="xvii-h"><span class="hymnnum">XVII.</span> <span lang="nah">Totochtin incuic Tezcatzoncatl.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xvii-1" id="xvii-1">Yyaha, yya yya, yya ayya, ayya ouiya, ayya yya, ayya yya, yyauiyya, +ayya ayya, yya ayya, yya yya yye.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xvii-2" id="xvii-2">Coliuacan mauizpan atlacatl ichana, yya ayya, yyayyo.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xvii-3" id="xvii-3">Tezcatzonco tecpan teutl, macoc ye chocaya, auia, macaiui, macayui +teutl, macoc yye chocaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xvii-4" id="xvii-4">Auia axalaco tecpanteutl, macoc yye chocaya, macayui, macayui +teutl, macoc yye chocaya.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><i>Var.</i> <span class="varnum">3.</span> <span lang="nah">Tezcatzoncatl tepan.</span> <span class="varnum">4.</span> <span lang="nah">Axalaca.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="xvii-g" id="xvii-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li>Y tlauelcuic, tlauelcuica.</li> + +<li>Coliuacan mauizpa tlacatlichana, <i>q.n.</i>, in tlacatl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, +octli ompa ichan ni colhoacan. Mauizpa, <i>q.n.</i>, temamauhtican.</li> + +<li>Tezcatzonco tecpanteutl, <i>q.n.</i>, ye choca in omacoc teutl +tezcatzonco tecpan, <i lang="la">id est</i>, octli. Quimonacayotia in teutl. Macaiui +teutl, <i>q.n.</i>, macamo omatoni in teutl, <i lang="la">id est</i>, octli, ye choca cayamo +ynemac.</li> + +<li>Aia axalaco tecpanteutl, <i>q.n.</i>, axala in tecpanteutl. Ye choca yn +omacoc, <i lang="la">id est</i>, octli axalatecpan, ye choca in omacoc, macamo omaco ni +ye choca cayamo ynemac.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xvii-t" id="xvii-t">Hymn to Tezcatzoncatl Totochtin.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>Alas! alas! alas! alas! alas! alas!</li> + +<li>In the home of our ancestors this creature was a fearful thing.</li> + +<li>In the temple of Tezcatzoncatl he aids those who cry to him, he +gives them to drink; the god gives to drink to those who cry to him.</li> + +<li>In the temple by the water-reeds the god aids those who call upon +him, he gives them to drink; the god aids those who cry unto him.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xvii-n" id="xvii-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +<a name="i-p-7-1" id="i-p-7-1">Tezcatzoncatl was one of the chief gods of the native inebriating liquor, the pulque.</a> +Its effects were recognized as most disastrous, as +is seen from his other names, <a name="i-t-6-1" id="i-t-6-1"><i lang="nah">Tequechmecaniani</i></a>, “he who hangs people,” +and <a name="i-t-2-1" id="i-t-2-1"><i lang="nah">Teatlahuiani</i></a>, “he who drowns people.” Sahagun remarks, “They +always regarded the pulque as a bad and dangerous article.” The word +<i lang="nah">Totochtin</i>, plural of <a name="i-t-20-1" id="i-t-20-1"><i lang="nah">tochtli</i></a>, rabbit, was applied to drunkards, and +also to some of the deities of special forms of drunkenness. +</p> + +<p> +The first verse is merely a series of lamentations. The second speaks of +the sad effects of the pulque in ancient times. (On <a name="i-c-20c-2" id="i-c-20c-2">Colhuacan</a> see <a href="#xiii-n" class="link">Notes to Hymn XIII</a>.) +</p> +</div> + +<div class="illustration"> +<a href="images/full5.jpg" name="ill5" id="ill5"> +<img src="images/inline5.jpg" alt="[Illustration: ATLAUA, SINGING AND DANCING. HYMN XVIII.]" title="ATLAUA, SINGING AND DANCING. HYMN XVIII." class="illustration" id="ill5img" /> +</a> +<div class="caption">Atlaua, Singing and Dancing. Hymn XVIII.</div> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xviii" id="xviii"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xviii-h" id="xviii-h"><span class="hymnnum">XVIII.</span> <span lang="nah">Atlaua Icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xviii-1" id="xviii-1">Auia nichalmecatl, nichalmecatl, neçaualcautla, neçaualcautla, olya +quatonalla olya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xviii-2" id="xviii-2">Ueya, ueya, macxoyauh quilazteutl y tlapani macxoyauh.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xviii-3" id="xviii-3">Nimitz acatecunotzaya, chimalticpao moneçoya nimitzacatecunotzaya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xviii-4" id="xviii-4">Ayac nomiuh timalla aytolloca nacatl nomiuh aca xeliui timalla.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xviii-5" id="xviii-5">Tetoma amo yolcana tlamacazquinte tometl, açan axcan ye +quetzaltototl, nic ya izcaltiquetla.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xviii-6" id="xviii-6">Y yopuchi noteuh atlauaquetl, aça naxcan ye quetzaltototl, nic ya +izcaltiquetla.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Neçaualcactla.</span> <span class="varnum">2.</span> <span lang="nah">Itlamani.</span> <span class="varnum">4.</span> <span lang="nah">Aitollaca acatl. Timalli.</span> <span class="varnum">5.</span> <span lang="nah">Tetonac +amo yolcana tlamacaz quin tetometl.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="xviii-g" id="xviii-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ynichalmecatl, yn ineçaualac oqixicauhteuac y nioholti, y +nioya, ixquatechimal iquatunal.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ma xiyauh ti quilazteutl, momactemi in macxoyauh.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, iniquac onimitznotz, mochimalticpac timiçoya.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, atle nomiuh yc notimaloa, ca uel itoloc in acatl nomiuh, yn +acatl xeliui yc ninotimaloa.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, oncan euac in tetuman nitlacochtetumetl. Auh inaxcan ye +quetzaltotol inic ni tlazcaltia.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, tiacauh in oteuh in atlaua, auh inaxcan yuhqui quetzaltotol +in nitlazcaltia.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xviii-t" id="xviii-t">The Hymn of Atlaua.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>I Chalmecatl, I Chalmecatl, I leave behind my sandles, I leave my +sandles and my helmet.</li> + +<li>Go ye forth and follow the goddess Quilaztli, follow her</li> + +<li>I shall call upon thee to arise when among the shields, I shall +call upon thee to arise.</li> + +<li>I boast of my arrows, even my reed arrows, I boast of my arrows, +not to be broken.</li> + +<li>Arrayed in priestly garb, take the arrow in thy hand, for even now +I shall arise and come forth like <a name="i-q-2-2" id="i-q-2-2">the quetzal bird</a>.</li> + +<li>Mighty is my god Atlaua; truly I shall arise and come forth like +the quetzal bird.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xviii-n" id="xviii-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +<i lang="nah">Atlaua</i>, mentioned by <a name="i-o-2-1" id="i-o-2-1">Olmos</a>, who translates the word <a name="i-w-3-1" id="i-w-3-1">“Master of waters,”</a> +is a divinity of whom little is known. The derivation from +<i lang="nah">atlatl</i>, <a name="i-a-7b-1" id="i-a-7b-1">arrow</a>, would seem more appropriate to the words of this hymn. +<a name="i-c-3-1" id="i-c-3-1"><i lang="nah">Chalmecatl</i></a>, used as a synonym in v. 1, appears to be from <i lang="nah">chalania</i>, +to beat, to strike, as a <a name="i-d-3-1" id="i-d-3-1">drum</a>. +</p> + +<p> +On <a name="i-q-4b-1" id="i-q-4b-1"><i lang="nah">Quilaztli</i></a> see <a href="#xiii-n" class="link">notes to Hymn XIII</a>. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xix" id="xix"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xix-h" id="xix-h"><span class="hymnnum">XIX.</span> <span lang="nah">Macuilxochitl Icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xix-1" id="xix-1">Ayya, yao, xochitlycaca umpan iuitza tlamacazecatla tlamocoyoalca.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xix-2" id="xix-2">Ayya, yao, ayo intinotzicaya teumechaue oya, yao, tlauizcalac +yacallea tlamacazecatlo tlamocoyoualca.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xix-3" id="xix-3">Tetzauhteutla notecuyo tezcatlipuca quinanquilican çinteutla, oay.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xix-4" id="xix-4">Tezcatzonco moyolca ayyaquetl yya tochin quiyocuxquia noteuh, +niquiyatlacaz, niquiyamamaliz, mixcoatepetl colhoacan.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xix-5" id="xix-5">Tozquixaya, nictzotzoniyao, yn tezcatzintli tezcatzintli +tezcaxocoyeua, tzoniztapaliati tlaoc xoconoctlia ho, a.</a></li> +</ol> + +<div class="vars"><span class="varnum">1.</span> <span lang="nah">Tlamocoioaleua.</span> <span class="varnum">5.</span> <span lang="nah">Tozquiuaia. Tzoniztapalatiati.</span></div> + + +<h2><a name="xix-g" id="xix-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, ompa nochan in xochitlicacan in itlamacazqui ni +macuilxochitl.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, motilinia in tinoçi in ompa titlaecoltilozque umpa tochan +ez.</li> + +<li><i>Q.n.</i>, yn tetzauitl in tezcatlipoca ca oyaque auh ynic tiui umpa +titlananquilizque in centeotl.</li> + +<li>Tezcatzonco moyolcan, <i>q.n.</i>, tezcatzonco oyol in tochtli ynic yaz, +oquiyocux, oquipic, y noteuh oquito nittlaçaz, nicmamaliz, in +mixcoatepetl colhoacan, <i lang="la">id est</i>, nictepeuaz.</li> + +<li>Tozquixaya nictzotzomiao, <i>q.n.</i>, nictzotzona, in tezcatzintli +oncan nexa in tezcatzonco, oncan oyol tzoniztapalatiati ocxoni ni octli.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xix-t" id="xix-t">Hymn to Macuilxochitl.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>Yes, I shall go there to-night, to the house of flowers; I shall +exercise the priestly office to-night.</li> + +<li>We labor in thy house, our mother, from dawn unto night, fulfilling +the priestly office, laboring in the night.</li> + +<li>A dreadful god is <a name="i-t-8-1" id="i-t-8-1">our god Tezcatlipoca</a>, he is the only god, he will +answer us.</li> + +<li>His heart is in the <a name="i-t-10-1" id="i-t-10-1">Tezcatzontli</a>; my god is not timid like a hare +nor is he peaceable; I shall overturn, I shall penetrate the <a name="i-m-12c-1" id="i-m-12c-1">Mixcoatepec</a> +in <a name="i-c-20c-3" id="i-c-20c-3">Colhuacan</a>.</li> + +<li>I sing, I play on an instrument, +<a name="i-m-10-1" id="i-m-10-1">I am the noble instrument, the mirror; I am he who lifts the mirror</a>; +I cry aloud, intoxicated with the wine of the tuna.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xix-n" id="xix-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +As before stated (<a href="#viii-n" class="link">Notes to Hymn VIII</a>), <a name="i-f-6-2" id="i-f-6-2">Macuilxochitl</a> is another title of +<a name="i-f-8a-2" id="i-f-8a-2">the flower-god Xochipilli</a>. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="xx" id="xx"></a></h1> + +<h2><a name="xx-h" id="xx-h"><span class="hymnnum">XX.</span> <span lang="nah">Yacatecutli icuic.</span></a></h2> + + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li><a name="xx-1" id="xx-1">Anomatia aytoloc, anomatia aytoloc, tzocotzontla aytoloc, +tzocotzontla anomatia aytoloc.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xx-2" id="xx-2">Pipitla aytoloc, pipitla anomatia aytoloc, cholotla aytoloc, +pipitla anomatia aytoloc.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xx-3" id="xx-3">Tonacayutl nicmaceuh aça naxcan noquacuillo atliyollo, +nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.</a></li> + +<li><a name="xx-4" id="xx-4">Chalchiuhpetlacalco ni naxcan aça naxcan noquacuillo, atliyollo +nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya.</a></li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xx-g" id="xx-g">Gloss.</a></h2> + +<ol class="verses" lang="nah"> +<li>Anomatia, <i>q.n.</i>, amo nixpan in omito yauyutl inic otepeualoc +tzocotzontla, amo nomatia in omito yauyutl.</li> + +<li>Pipitla aytoloc, <i>q.n.</i>, ynic tepeualoc pipitla amo nicmati inic +omito yauyutl, in cholotla ic otepeualloc amo nixpan ynic oyautlatolloc.</li> + +<li>Tonacayutl nicmaceuh, <i>q.n.</i>, yn tonacayutl inic onicmaçeuh +ayaxcan, onechualhuicaque in oquacuiloan in xochayutl, in çoqniayutl in +teuelteca, quimilhui in iquintonaz tlatuiz anoquacuiloan ayezque. Xalli +tepeuhya, <i lang="la">id est</i>, tlalocan. Quilmach chalchiuhpetlacalli in quitepeuh +inic tepeuh.</li> + +<li>Chalchiuhpetlacalco ninaxcan, <i>q.n.</i>, onca ninotlati in chalchiuh +petlacalco. Ayaxcan ynechualhuicatiaque yn oquacuiloan atliyoloa in umpa +tlallocan.</li> +</ol> + + +<h2><a name="xx-t" id="xx-t">Hymn to Yacatecutli.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<ol class="verses"> +<li>I know not what is said, I know not what is said, what is said +about <a name="i-t-28-1" id="i-t-28-1">Tzocotzontlan</a>, I know not what is said about Tzocotzontlan.</li> + +<li>I know not what is said of <a name="i-p-4-1" id="i-p-4-1">Pipitlan</a>, what is said of Pipitlan, nor +what is said of <a name="i-c-11-2" id="i-c-11-2">Cholollan</a>, what of Pipitlan, of Pipitlan.</li> + +<li>Now I seek our food, proceeding to eat it and to drink of the +water, going to where the sand begins.</li> + +<li>Now I go to my beautiful house, there to eat my food, and to drink +of the water, going to where the sand begins.</li> +</ol> +</div> + + +<h2><a name="xx-n" id="xx-n">Notes.</a></h2> + +<div class="eng"> +<p> +The god Yacatecutli, whose name means <a name="i-t-22-1" id="i-t-22-1">“lord of travelers,”</a> or “the lord +who guides,” was the <a name="i-m-6-1" id="i-m-6-1">divinity of the merchants</a>. Sahagun (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, +Lib. I, cap. 19) and Duran (<i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>, cap. 90) furnish us many +particulars of his worship. +</p> + +<p> +The hymn is extremely obscure, containing a number of archaic words, and +my rendering is very doubtful. The writer of the Gloss is, I think, also +at fault in his paraphrase. The general purpose of the hymn seems to be +that of a <a name="i-d-2-1" id="i-d-2-1">death-song</a>, chanted probably by the victims about to be +sacrificed. They were given the sacred food to eat, as described by +<a name="i-d-6-7" id="i-d-6-7">Duran</a>, and then prepared themselves to undergo death, hoping to go to +<a name="i-t-13b-1" id="i-t-13b-1">“the beautiful house,” which the Gloss explains as Tlalocan</a>, +<a name="i-p-1-5" id="i-p-1-5">the Terrestrial Paradise</a>. +</p> +</div> + + + + +<h1><a name="glossary" id="glossary">Glossary.</a></h1> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">A</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-a" id="g-a" class="anti-link">A</a>,</dt> + <dd>prefix, negative, or positive prefix, = <i lang="nah">atl</i>, water.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Acatecunotzaya,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-3">[3]</a>. Equivalent, according to the <a class="glossarytext" href="#xviii-g">Gloss</a>, to <i lang="nah">onimitznotz</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Acatona,</dt> + <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xvi-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ac a tonan</i>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a class="glossarytext" href="#xvi-2">v. 2</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Acatonalaya,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">acatl</i>, reed (?).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Achalchiuhtla,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>. Comp. of <i lang="nah">atl</i>, and <i lang="nah">chalchiuitl</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Achtoquetl,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. In the first place, first.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Acxolma,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. Apparently related to <i lang="nah">acxoyatl</i>, wild laurel.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Açan,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>. Much, many times.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Aça naxcan,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#xviii-6">[6]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. Only now, for <i lang="nah">çan axcan</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-ahuia" id="g-ahuia" class="anti-link">Ahuia</a>,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. An interjection.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Amanteca,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>. Workers in mechanic arts (Molina), especially feathers (Sahagun).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Amapanitl,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. <i lang="nah">Panitl</i>, banner, flag, with possessive pronoun.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Amo,</dt> + <dd><i class="p-o-s">adv.</i>, no, not, negative; <i class="p-o-s">pron.</i>, your.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Anauhcampa,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. “To all four quarters of the water,” i.e., in all directions.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Anneuaya,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">in nehuatl</i>, “ego ipse.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Annotata,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">in no-tauan</i>, my forefathers.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Annotequina,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. According to the Gloss, equivalent to <i lang="nah">in tino teuh</i>, thou my god.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Annoteua,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">in no-teuh</i>, my lord.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Anomatia,</dt> + <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-1">[1]</a>. Not to know, to be ignorant of.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Aoyequene,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">aoc yequene</i>, “and also no one.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Apana,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. Comp. of <i lang="nah">atl</i>, water, and <i lang="nah">pani</i>, upon, postpos.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Aquamotla,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">quammomotla</i>, to play ball (?).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Aquitoloc,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. A negative, <i lang="nah">itoa</i>, to say, to tell, in the passive preterit.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ateucuitlatl,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>. Golden water. Comp. of <i lang="nah">atl</i>, and <i lang="nah">teocuitlatl</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Atilili,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>. <i lang="nah">Atilia</i>, to become clear or light.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Atl,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>. Water. In composition, <i lang="nah">a</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Atliyollo,</dt> + <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">atli</i>, to drink water. (?)</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Aua,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-7">[7]</a>. An interjection (?).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Auatic,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. Mistress of the waters (<i lang="nah">atl</i>, water).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">A-uetztini,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">uetzi</i>, to fall; “your fall,” “your destruction.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Auiallo,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">auia</i>, to be content, to rejoice.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Axalaco,</dt> + <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">axalli</i>, a water plant, and loc. term. <i lang="nah">co</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ayac,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>, <i lang="la">et sæpe</i>. Nobody, no one.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ayauh,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. Fog, mist; compound form of <i lang="nah">ayauitl</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ayauhcalcatl,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-6">[6]</a>. One who has charge of the mist. Compare <i lang="nah">tepancalcatl</i>, a gardener.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ayailicalo,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. From <i lang="nah">ayauh</i>, <i lang="nah">calli</i>, the house of mist, but the Gloss renders it by <i lang="nah">auicalo</i>, the fresh, dewy house (cf. Sah., p. 150).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Aylhuiçolla,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Derived by the Gloss from <i lang="nah">ilhuice</i>, more, hence, to make to grow, to increase.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ayouica,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ayaic</i>, never.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Aytoloc,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-4">[4]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xx-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">itoa</i>, to say, to tell, with negative prefix.</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-ayya" id="g-ayya" class="anti-link">Ayya</a>,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>, <i lang="la">et sæpe</i>; also in the forms <i lang="nah">yya</i>, <i lang="nah">ya</i>, <i lang="nah">yyo</i>, <i lang="nah">yye</i>, <i lang="nah">aya</i>, <i lang="nah">ayyo</i>, etc. An interjection, or shout.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">C</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Ca.</dt> + <dd><span class="defli">1. And, also.</span> <span class="defli">2. To be.</span></dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ça, Çan,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. Only, solely.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cacauantoc,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. Reduplicated from <i lang="nah">caua</i>, to cease, stop, leave off.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cacauatla,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. “Among the cacao trees.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Calli,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. House; <i lang="nah">calipan</i>, in the house.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cana,</dt> + <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-1">[1]</a>. Somewhere.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cane,</dt> + <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ca nel</i>, and truly.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Caqui,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>. To hear, to listen.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Caquia,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">caqui</i>, to hear.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Catlachtoquetl,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. Apparently compounded of the interrogative <i lang="nah">catli</i> and <i lang="nah">tlacatl</i>, man, mortal; what mortal?</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Catella,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. For <i lang="nah">catel</i>; who indeed?</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Caua,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>; XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. To cease, to stop; to surpass; to lay down.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ce,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>; XV, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. One, a, an.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cenpoliuiz,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cempoliui</i>, to perish wholly.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Centeutl,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-6">[6]</a>; VIII, <a href="#viii-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#viii-5">[5]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-3">[3]</a>. Prop. name. The god of maize.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Centla,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">centli</i>, ear of corn, dried corn.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Centlalia,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. To assemble.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chacalhoa,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. For <i lang="nah">chachaloa</i>, to tinkle, to resound.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chalchimamatlaco,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. Compound of <i lang="nah">chalchiuitl</i>, jade, turquoise; hence of that color; <i lang="nah">mama</i>, to carry; ref. to betake oneself; <i lang="nah">atl</i>, water; <i lang="nah">co</i>, postposition.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chalchimichuacan,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>. “The cerulean home of the fishes.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chalchiuhecatl,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. From <i lang="nah">chalchiuitl</i>, jade; metaphorically, anything precious.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chalmecatl,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">chalani</i>, to beat, to strike. Apparently a proper name.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chalmecatecutli,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. “Ruler of the (drum) beaters.” Comp. <a href="#xiii-5" class="glossarytext">v. 1</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chalima,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. Apparently for <i lang="nah">chalani</i>, to strike, to beat, especially a drum.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chan,</dt> + <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xvi-2">[2]</a>; XVII, <a href="#xvii-2">[2]</a>. House, home.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chicauaztica,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>; XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>. Strongly, boldly, energetically.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chicomoztoc,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. “At the seven caves.” <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#vii-n" class="glossarytext">Notes to Hymn VII</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chicomollotzin,</dt> + <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#xvi-n" class="glossarytext">Notes, p. 59</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chicueyocan,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. In eight folds. From <i lang="nah">chicuei</i>, eight.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chicunaui,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. Nine; but used generally in the sense of “many,” “numerous.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chimal,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">chimalli</i>, buckler, shield.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chimalticpac,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-3">[3]</a>. “Above the shield.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chipuchica,</dt> + <dd>V, <a href="#v-1">[1]</a>. Metastasis for <i lang="nah">ichpochtica</i>, from <i lang="nah">ichpochtli</i>, virgin.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chiua,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. To make, to form, to do.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chocaya,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#iii-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">choca</i>, to weep, to cry out.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Chocayotica,</dt> + <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-2">[2]</a>. Adverbial from <i lang="nah">choca</i>: “weepingly.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cholola,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-2">[2]</a>. Proper name. “Place of the fugitives.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cipactonalla,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tonalli</i>, the sun, day. Perhaps a proper name.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ciuatontla,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-6">[6]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ciuatontli</i>, little woman.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Coatepec,</dt> + <dd>V, <a href="#v-1">[1]</a>. At the <i lang="nah">Coatepetl</i>, or Serpent Hill.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cochina,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-12">[12]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cochi</i>, to sleep.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Colhoa,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">Colhoacan</i>, proper name.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Coliuacan,</dt> + <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-2">[2]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. Proper name, for <i lang="nah">Colhoacan</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cotiuana,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. Probably for <i lang="nah">xo(xi-on)titaana</i>, tie hands, join hands.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Coçauic,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#iv-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">coztic</i>, yellow; literally, “yellowed,” from <i lang="nah">coçauia</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cozcapantica,</dt> + <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-1">[1]</a>. Adverbial, from <i lang="nah">cozcatl</i>, a jewel, fig., an infant.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cozcapilla,</dt> + <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cozcatl</i>, <i lang="nah">pilli</i>, “jewel of a babe.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cuecuechiuia,</dt> + <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cuecuechoa</i>, to shake.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cuecuexi,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">cuecuechoa</i>, to shake.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cueponi,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, etc. To bloom, to blossom.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Cuicatl,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>, <i lang="la">et sæpe</i>. Hymn, song. In compos., <i lang="nah">cuic</i>.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">E</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Eztlamiyaual,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Apparently from <i lang="nah">eztli</i>, blood, race, and <i lang="nah">tlamiauati</i>, to surpass, to excel.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">H</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Huia,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-ahuia" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Ahuia</i></a>.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">Y</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Y,</dt> + <dd><a href="#i">[I]</a>. For <i lang="nah">in</i> (<i lang="nah">yn</i>), he, it, the, that, etc.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ya.</dt> + <dd><i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-ayya" class="glossarytext" lang="nah">Ayya</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yancuic,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. New, fresh, green.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yancuipilla,</dt> + <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-3">[3]</a>. New-born babe.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yantata,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-3">[3]</a>. An exclamation.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yaquetlaya,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. Apparently a form of <i lang="nah">tlayacati</i>, or of <i lang="nah">yaque</i>, both from the root <i lang="nah">yac-</i>, a point, a prominence, to be prominent. But the etymology is not clear.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yauciuatzin,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-6">[6]</a>. <i lang="nah">Yaotl-cihuatl-tzin</i>, “the revered war-woman.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yauicaya,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yauilili,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-5">[5]</a>. Causative form of <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, “to cause to go,” to put to flight.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yautiua,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. Freq. from <i lang="nah">yaotia</i>, to fight.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yautlatoaquetl,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-yautlatoaya" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">yautlatoaya</i></a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-yautlatoaya" id="g-yautlatoaya" class="anti-link">Yautlatoaya</a>,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>; V. <a href="#v-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yaotl</i>, war, <i lang="nah">tlatoa</i>, to speak. <i lang="nah">Yautlatoani</i>, ruler in war, was one of the titles of Huitzilopochtli.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yaxcana,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. <i lang="nah">Axcan</i>, now. <i lang="nah">Axcatl</i>, goods, property. <i lang="nah">Yaxca</i>, his, its, property.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yayalezqui,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-7">[7]</a>, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. Frequent. of <i lang="nah">yaliztli</i>; to go and come, go back and forth.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yca,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. With which.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Icçotl,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. A tree planted in front of temples. Its bark was used for mats (Sahagun).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Icnocaua,</dt> + <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xvi-2">[2]</a>. To leave unprotected, as orphans.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ye,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-1">[1]</a>. Already, this, but, nevertheless.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yecoa,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-8">[8]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. <span class="defli">1. To have carnal connection.</span> <span class="defli">2. To end, to finish.</span></dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yeua,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>, etc. For <i lang="nah">yehuatl</i>, he, it, that.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ihuitl,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>; IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. A feather; <i class="sense">met.</i>, a model, pattern.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ihiya,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. Apparently for <i lang="nah">iye</i>, yes, affirmative particle.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ilhuiquetl,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. From <i lang="nah">ilhuia</i>, to say, to call.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Iliuiz,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-4">[5]</a>. Thoughtlessly; with negative prefix <i lang="nah">a</i>, not thoughtlessly.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ymocxi,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">in micti</i>, from <i lang="nah">mictia</i>, to slaughter.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yoalticatla,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-1">[1]</a>. <i lang="nah">Yoalli-ticatla</i>, midnight.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yoalli,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. Night.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yoatzin,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. Reverential of <i lang="nah">yoalli</i>, night.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yocoxquia,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. Peaceably, quietly.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yolcan,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-5">[5]</a>. Place of birth.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yolceuiz,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. To appease, to please.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yollotl,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. Heart, mind, center.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Itaca,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. For <i lang="nah">itacatl</i>, food, sustenance.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Iteamic,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. From <i lang="nah">itta</i>, to see.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Itlani,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-tlani" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Tlani</i></a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Itontecuitl,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. Explained by the Gloss by <i lang="nah">in tetecuti</i>, which I take to be an error for <i lang="nah">in teteuctin</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Itopanecauiloc,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. The Gloss gives <i lang="nah">ni topan</i>. The verbal is a passive from <i lang="nah">caua</i>, to leave, to abandon.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Itta,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-8">[8]</a>. To see, to esteem.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ytzicotla,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">uitzicotla</i>, lit., place abounding in thorns; fig., the south.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Itzipana,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-4">[4]</a>. Apparently a compound of <i lang="nah">ixtli</i>, face, and <i lang="nah">pan</i>, for the more usual <i lang="nah">ixpan</i>, before, in front of; <i lang="nah">ixtli</i> in comp. sometimes becomes <i lang="nah">itz</i>, as in <i lang="nah">itzoca</i>, “<span lang="es">tener sucia la cara</span>,” Molina, <i class="title" lang="es">Vocabulario</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Itziueponi,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-4">[4]</a>. For <i lang="nah">itztle-cueponi</i>, “resplendent with spears.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Itzpapalotl,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-5">[5]</a>. “The obsidian butterfly,” an image of gold and feathers, worn as a royal insignia. <i class="directive">See</i> Sahagun, Lib. VII, Cap. 12.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yua,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. To send.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yuitla,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-6">[6]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <i lang="nah">ihuitl</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yuiyoc,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yuiyotl</i>, a feather, <i lang="nah">yuiyoa</i>, to be dressed in feathers, or feather garments.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ixtlauatl,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. Open field, uncultivated region.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yyaconay,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ayac-on-ay</i>, as appears by the gloss.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Yya.</dt> + <dd><i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-ayya" class="glossarytext" lang="nah">Ayya</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Izqui,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-8">[8]</a>. As many as.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Iztac,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#iv-4">[4]</a>. White.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Iz tleica,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-3">[3]</a>; XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. “Here is why.” The interrogative changed into the predicative form. <i class="directive">See</i> Paredes, <i class="title" lang="es">Compendio</i>, p. 154.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">M</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Ma,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-1">[1]</a>. <span class="defli">1. Sign of negative, no, not.</span> <span class="defli">2. Sign of imperative.</span></dd> +<dt lang="nah">Macaiui,</dt> + <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xvii-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">macoa</i>, and <i lang="nah">i</i>, to drink.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Maceualli,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-4">[4]</a>. Subjects, servants.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Maceuh,</dt> + <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">maceua</i>, to seek for, to obtain.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mach,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. Intensive particle.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Machiyotla,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. For <i lang="nah">machiotl</i>, sign, example.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Macoa,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>; XVII, <a href="#xvii-3">[3]</a>. To aid, to assist.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Macxoyauh,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-3">[3]</a>. By the Gloss, for <i lang="nah">ma-xi-yauh</i>, imper. of <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Malinalli,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-4">[4]</a>. A broom.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Malli,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. Captive; one taken by hand.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mama,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. To carry a load on the shoulders.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mamalia,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. To penetrate.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mamauia,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>. To frighten, frequentative-causative, from <i lang="nah">maui</i>, to fear.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Maololo,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-12">[12]</a>. From <i lang="nah">ma-ololo</i>, to cover with the hand.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mati,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. To know.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Matiuia,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. For <i lang="nah">matihuia</i>, from <i lang="nah">mati</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Matlauacal,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-4">[4]</a>. A net-basket.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ma-tonicaya,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. Let it shine, let it be bright; from <i lang="nah">tona</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mauia,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. To give into the hands of, to deliver up.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Maui noyol,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. To fear in my heart.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mauiztli,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>, XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. An honor (<i lang="es">cosa de estima</i>, <i>Molina</i>). A person of honor.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mazatl,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. (Doubtful.) Deer; any large wild animal.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mecatla,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">mecatl</i>, cord, rope.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Milacatzoa,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>. <i lang="nah">Mo-ilacatzoa</i>, to twine oneself, as a serpent around a tree; refers to the <i lang="nah">xiuhcoatl</i>, fire-serpent, of Huitzilopochtli.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mimicha,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-8">[8]</a>. Fish, for <i lang="nah">michin</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mimilcatoc,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. Twisted, twined.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Miquiyecauiz,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-8">[8]</a>. Compound of <i lang="nah">miqui</i>, to die, and <i lang="nah">yecaui</i>, to cease; “to cease dying.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mitoaya,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. For <i lang="nah">mo-itoa-ya</i>, it is said, they said.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mixcoatepetl,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. The mountain or town of Mixcoatl.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mixcoatl,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. A proper name.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mixiui,</dt> + <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-1">[1]</a>. To accouch, to bear a child.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mixtecatl,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. A proper name. The Mixteca lived on the Pacific coast, to the southwest, and were not of Nahuatl lineage.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mixiuiloc,</dt> + <dd>V, <a href="#v-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">mixiui</i>, to accouch, to bear a child.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mo-cuiltonoa,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. To rejoice or enjoy greatly.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Moneçoya,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">neçi</i>, to appear.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mo-neuila,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">eua</i>, to rise up, to come forth.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mo-quetzquetl,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. For <i lang="nah">m-oquequetz</i>, frequent. of <i lang="nah">quetza</i>; to flow forth, to run from and out. A poetic form, not uncommon.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Moquichtiuiui,</dt> + <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. <i lang="nah">Oquichuia</i>, to suffer manfully.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mo-teca,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. They assemble; impers. from <i lang="nah">teca</i>, to place oneself, to lie down.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Moteua,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. Perhaps from <i lang="nah">itoa</i>, to say, “it is said.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mo-tlaquechizca,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xiii-4">[4]</a>. Strengthened form of <i lang="nah">tlaquechia</i>, to rest upon; to bear down upon; to press upon.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mo-tlaqueuia,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. To seek people, or to hire them to work injury to others.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mo-tonacayouh,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. Our flesh; the usual form is <i lang="nah">tonacayo</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Moxayaual,</dt> + <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yaualoa</i>, to wander about.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Moxocha,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#iv-4">[4]</a>. Probably a compound of <i lang="nah">moxochitl-cha-yaui</i>, to sow flowers.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Mozcaltizqui,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. From <i lang="nah">mo-izcali</i>, to resuscitate, to animate.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">N</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Nacha,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-7">[7]</a>. For <i lang="nah">nachcan</i>, there, in that place.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nacochtla,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. The ears.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nahuia,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. From <i lang="nah">naui</i>, four.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nanquilia,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-6">[6]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-3">[3]</a>. To answer.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nauaco,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-5">[5]</a>. “With (my) skill.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Naualpilli,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. “Master magician;” said by the Gloss to be a name of Tlaloc. Sahagun gives this as one of the gods of the goldsmiths (Lib. IX, cap. 18).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Naualachic,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. Skilfully; from <i lang="nah">naualchiua</i>, to do something skilfully.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nauaquia,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. Perhaps for <i lang="nah">nahuaque</i>, an epithet of divinity.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nauhxiuhtica,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. “After four years” (Molina).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Neçazualcactla,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-1">[1]</a>. From the Gloss equivalent to <i lang="nah">neçaualacautla</i>, from <i lang="nah">neçaualiztli</i>, fast, fasting, and <i lang="nah">caua</i>, to leave.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nechyatetemilli,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. Reverential of <i lang="nah">temi</i>, to lie down, to fill.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Necuilia,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-2">[2]</a>. To bring some one.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nella,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>. For <i lang="nah">nelli</i>, truly.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nen,</dt> + <dd><i class="p-o-s">adv.</i> I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. In vain, of no advantage.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nenequia,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. To oppose, to be angry with.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nenoualico,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. See <a href="#g-onoalico" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Onoalico</i></a>. <i lang="nah">Ne</i> is the impersonal, pronominal prefix.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nepaniui,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-5">[5]</a>. To join, to unite oneself to.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nepanauia,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. <i lang="nah">Nepan</i>, thither, and <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nepapan,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>. Diverse, varied.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ne-qui-macui,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-5">[5]</a>. “I take them by the hand.” Explained by the Gloss to be an archaic (<i lang="nah">chicimeca</i>) expression used in leading or guiding (in dance or song).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Niuaya,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ni-ihua-ya</i>, I sent (some one).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ni-yocoloc,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. Passive preterit from <i lang="nah">yocoya</i>; <i lang="nah">yocolia</i>, to be made, composed, created.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">No.</dt> + <dd><span class="defli">1. Possess, pron. my, mine.</span> <span class="defli">2. Adv. also, yet.</span></dd> +<dt lang="nah">Noca,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. Of me, my, mine.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nohuihuihuia,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. Poetic form for <i lang="nah">neuiuilia</i>, to equal some one.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nomactemi,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xiii-4">[4]</a>. <i lang="nah">No-maitl-c-temi</i>, my hand it fills, = with full hands.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nomauilia,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-4">[4]</a>. To do a thing personally.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nomiuh,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-4">[4]</a>. <i lang="nah">No-omitl</i>, my bone, point, arrow.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Nopeltzin,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. <i lang="nah">No-pilli-tzin</i>, “my revered lord.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">No-tauane,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-1">[1]</a>. Our fathers.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">No-tecua,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">nic-tecuia</i>, I tie it, I make it fast. The Gloss, <i lang="nah">amo-tecuhuan</i>, is not intelligible.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">No-teuh,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. “My god.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Noyoco,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-5">[5]</a>. Apparently for <i lang="nah">niyoco</i>, “with me alone.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Noyollo,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">yollotl</i>, heart, soul, courage, etc.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">O</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Oc,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. Yet, besides this.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ocelocoatl,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. “Tiger snake.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ocoyoalle,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>. “The night pine.” Apparently a proper name.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ocutitlana,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. “Among the pine woods.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Oholopa,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>. Poetic compound of <i lang="nah">ololoa</i>, to cover, to dress, and <i lang="nah">oppa</i>, twice.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ollama,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. To play at ball; from <i lang="nah">olli</i>, a ball.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Olya,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-1">[1]</a>. A form from <i lang="nah">ololoa</i>, to cover or clothe oneself.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Omei,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">ome</i>, two; the Gloss reads <i lang="nah">matlactli ome</i>, twelve.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">On,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>, <i lang="la">et sæpe</i>. A particle, merely euphonic, or signifying action at a distance.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Onca,</dt> + <dd><i lang="la">sæpe</i>. There.</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-onoalico" id="g-onoalico" class="anti-link">Onoalico</a>,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-1">[1]</a>. Proper name, derived from <i lang="nah">onoua</i>, the impersonal form of <i lang="nah">onoc</i>, and meaning “a peopled place,” a thickly inhabited spot. The terminal, <i lang="nah">co</i>, is the postposition, at.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Opuchi,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-6">[6]</a>. “Left-handed;” by the Gloss = <i lang="nah">tiacauh</i>, brave, valiant.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Oquixanimanico,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. A form in the second person plural, compounded of <i lang="nah">quiça</i> and <i lang="nah">mani</i>, “coming forth, scatter yourselves around.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Otlacatqui,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>. <i lang="nah">Ilacati</i>, to be born.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Otli,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-5">[5]</a>. Path, road.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ouayyeo,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. An interjection.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Oya,</dt> + <dd><i lang="la">sæpe</i>. <span class="defli">1. An interjection.</span> <span class="defli">2. Preterit of <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</span></dd> +<dt lang="nah">Oyatonac,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. For <i lang="nah">otonac</i>, from <i lang="nah">tona</i>, to shine.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Oztomecatl,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. A merchant.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">P</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Petlacalco,</dt> + <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">petlatl</i>, mat, <i lang="nah">calli</i>, house, and <i lang="nah">co</i>, post-position.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Peua,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-3">[3]</a>. To begin.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Picha-huazteca,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. Proper name, “The frozen Huastecs,” perhaps those living on the high Sierra, who were the nearest to the Nahuas.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Pillachiualoyan,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-4">[4]</a>. Locative from <i lang="nah">pilli-chiua</i>, to engender offspring.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Piltzintecutli,</dt> + <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-2">[2]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. Lord of the youths or children, <i lang="nah">piltzintli</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Pipiteca,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. Those having charge of the spies, from <i lang="nah">pipia</i>, to spy.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Pipitla,</dt> + <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-2">[2]</a>. Reduplicated locative from <i lang="nah">pilli</i>, a child.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Pinauhtia,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-1">[1]</a>. To make ashamed.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Pinauia,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>; III, <a href="#iii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. To affront, to put to shame; to censure, to blame.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Poliuiz,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">poloa</i>, to destroy.</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-pomaya" id="g-pomaya" class="anti-link">Pomaya</a>,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>; XI, <a href="#xi-1">[1]</a>. Apparently for <i lang="nah">panauia</i>, to conquer.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Potocaya,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#xiii-7">[7]</a>. <i lang="nah">Potli</i>, companion.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Potonia,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-10">[10]</a>. To be liberal, to give equally or freely; to adorn with feathers.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Poyauhtla,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. Among the fogs, from <i lang="nah">poctli</i>, smoke, fog, mist; <i lang="nah">atl</i>, water.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Pupuxotiuh,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. A gerundive form from <i lang="nah">popoxoa</i>, to till, to work the soil; here used figuratively.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">Q</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Quacuillo,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>; XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>. From <i lang="nah">qua</i>, to eat.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quatonalla,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-1">[1]</a>. “Head bright,” the helmet on the head.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quaui,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. A shortened form of <i lang="nah">quauiuitl</i>, in the same verse; compound of <i lang="nah">quauhtli</i>, eagle, <i lang="nah">iuitl</i>, feather; a decoration explained in the Gloss, usually called the <i lang="nah">quauhtzontli</i>, eagle crest.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quauinochitla,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-2">[2]</a>. “Among the tuna trees.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quauiquemitl,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">quauhtli</i>, eagle, <i lang="nah">quemitl</i>, clothing, garb.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quechol,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. A bird.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quentia,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. To dress oneself.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quetl,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">quetza</i>, to rise, to come out of or from. See <a href="#g-iii-7" class="glossarytext">Gloss to III, 7</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quetza,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. To arise from.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quetzalaueuetl,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. Of <i lang="nah">quetzal</i>, beautiful, and <i lang="nah">aueuetl</i>, the water cypress, fig. chief, lord.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quetzalcalla,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. “The house of the quetzal,” beautiful as the quetzal bird. Explained in the <a href="#iii-g" class="glossarytext">Gloss</a> to be the Place of Joy.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quetzalcoatli,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-3">[3]</a>; XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. Proper name.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quetzalcocox,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-6">[6]</a>; VIII, <a href="#viii-n">[7]</a>. The pheasant.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Queyamica,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. For <i lang="nah">quenamican</i>, how there?</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Queyanoca,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. According to the Gloss, equivalent to <i lang="nah">onoca</i>, from <i lang="nah">onoc</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quiauiteteu,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-6">[6]</a>. Rain gods; <i lang="nah">quiauitl</i>, rain; <i lang="nah">teteu</i>, plural of <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, god.</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-quilaztla" id="g-quilaztla" class="anti-link">Quilaztla</a>,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. For Quilaztli, another name of Cihuacoatl.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quilazteutl,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-2">[2]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-quilaztla" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Quilaztla</i></a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quinexaqui,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. Explained by the Gloss by <i lang="nah">oniualleuac</i>, I came quickly (<i lang="nah">eua</i>, in composition, signifies precipitation). Hence it is a form from <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, <i lang="nah">yaqui</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Quiyauatla,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-6">[6]</a>. Poetic for <i lang="nah">quiauitl</i>, rain.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">T</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Tamoanchan,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, etc. “We seek our home,” a name applied to the Earthly Paradise. See <a href="#tamoanchan-29" class="glossarytext">p. 29</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teacuitlaquemitl,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. Golden garb.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teca,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. To spread out, especially of liquids.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tecpanteutl,</dt> + <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xvii-4">[4]</a>. “Palace god.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teicnellili,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. A benefit, an advantage.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teizcaltequetl,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. That which gives wisdom and life. “<span lang="nah">Teizcali</span>, <span lang="es">cosa que da doctrina, y aviva, y da entendimiento</span>” (Molina).</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Telipuchtla,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#ii-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">telpochtli</i>, a youth.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Temacouia,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">temaca</i>, to give, to deliver into the hands of.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Temoquetl,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. From <i lang="nah">temoa</i>, to seek, <i lang="nah">quiza</i>, to go forth.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tenamitl,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. The wall of a city; hence, a town or city.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tepanecatl,</dt> + <dd>XI, <a href="#xi-3">[3]</a>. “Dweller in the palace.” A proper name.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tepanquizqui,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. A substitute, one who represents another.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tepetitlan,</dt> + <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. “Among the mountains.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tepeuh,</dt> + <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xx-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">peua</i>, to begin.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tepeyocpa,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tepetl</i>, <i lang="nah">pan</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tequiua,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>; V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>, From <i lang="nah">tequiutl</i>, task, labor, but explained by the Gloss as equivalent to <i lang="nah">tepeua</i>, to overthrow, to conquer.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tetemoya,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. Frequentative from <i lang="nah">temo</i>, to descend, to come down, <i lang="nah">tetemo</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tetoma,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">toma</i>, to open, to send forth, to let loose.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tezauhpilla,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. “Master of fear.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tetzauiztli,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-2">[2]</a>. An object which causes fear. A name of Huitzilopochtli. See Tezozomoc, <i class="title" lang="es">Cronica Mexicana</i>, cap. VI.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teuaqui,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-6">[6]</a>, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. From <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, god, <i lang="nah">aqui</i>, to enter, to penetrate.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teucontlipaca,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-5">[5]</a>. Explained by the Gloss as <i lang="nah">teucumitl icpac</i>, upon the thorn bush <i lang="nah">teocumitl</i>, espina grande, Molina). But I should think it to be a compound of <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, <i lang="nah">conetl</i>, <i lang="nah">icpac</i>, “upon the son of the goddess.” The son of Teteunan was especially Centeotl, god of maize.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teueuel,</dt> + <dd>V, <a href="#v-2">[2]</a>. Poetic from <i lang="nah">ueue</i>, the ancients, the elders.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teumechaue,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#iv-2">[2]</a>, <a href="#iv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#iv-4">[4]</a>; VIII, <a href="#viii-2">[2]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. Perhaps from <i lang="nah">teo-ome-chayaue</i>, “the twice divine seed-thrower,” or <i lang="nah">teometl-chayaue</i>, the planter of the divine maguey.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teumilco,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, <i lang="nah">milli</i>, <i lang="nah">co</i>, “in the divine cornfield,” fig. reference to the battlefield.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teutiualcoya,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-2">[2]</a>. The Gloss reads <i lang="nah">teuitualcoya</i>, from <i lang="nah">teotl</i>, god, <i lang="nah">ittualo</i>, passive of <i lang="nah">itta</i>, to see.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teu-tlaneuiloc,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-1">[1]</a>. Explained by the Gloss as equivalent to <i lang="nah">onetlanauiloc</i>, an impersonal, passive, preterit, from <i lang="nah">naua</i>, “it was danced.” The peculiar sacred dance called <i lang="nah">tlanaua</i>, performed by young girls, is described by Sahagun, Lib. II, cap. 24.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teutlalipan,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-8">[8]</a>. In the divine earth.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Teyomi,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">teyo</i>, esteemed, honored.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tezcatlipuca,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. Proper name of a divinity.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tezcatzintli,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. Proper name from <i lang="nah">tezcatl</i>, mirror.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tezcatzonco,</dt> + <dd>XVII, <a href="#xvii-3">[3]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. Apparently the name of a part of the temple.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tianquiz,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. The market place.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tiçatl,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. Chalk; fig., model, pattern.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Timalla,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-4">[4]</a>. Form of <i lang="nah">timalloa</i>, to swell, to increase; fig., to rejoice, to glorify oneself.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlacaluaz,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tlacaluaztli</i>, a blow-pipe.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlacati,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tlacatl</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlacatl,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>; XIII, <a href="#xiii-7">[7]</a>. Mortal, creature, person.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlaçaz,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-4">[4]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tlaça</i>, to overturn.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlachco,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-10">[10]</a>. The place of the ball play.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlachinaya,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tlachia</i>, to see.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlachtli,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-6">[6]</a>. The ball.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlacochcalco,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>; X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tlacochtli</i>, arrow, or generally, weapon, <i lang="nah">calli</i>, house, <i lang="nah">co</i>, post-position, in “the hall of weapons,” or arsenal. It was a room in that part of the temple dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, and was filled with arrows, spears, etc. Sahagun, Lib. VIII, cap. 32.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlaçolteutla,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-2">[2]</a>. Name of a Mexican goddess.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlacoyoalle,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-1">[1]</a>. At midnight.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlacyaniuitza,</dt> + <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-1">[1]</a>. Probably for <i lang="nah">tlayauani ni-huitz</i>, I come dancing, as a dancer.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlaixtotoca,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-3">[3]</a>. <i lang="nah">Ixtotoca</i>, to search for.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlalli,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-10">[10]</a>. To place oneself; earth, ground.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlalocan,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-5">[5]</a>; XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>. The home of Tlaloc. See p. 25.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlaloc tlamacazque,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#viii-4">[4]</a>, <a href="#viii-6">[6]</a>. “Dispensers of the benefits of Tlaloc”; the name applied to the priests of this divinity.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlalpa,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-6">[6]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tlalli</i>, earth, and <i lang="nah">pan</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlaltecutli,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-6">[6]</a>. <i lang="nah">Tlalli</i>, <i lang="nah">tecutli</i>; lord of the earth or land.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlamacazecatlo,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tlamacaztecatl</i>, one concerned with the priestly office.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlamocoyoualca,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. Apparently from <i lang="nah">tlamaca</i>, to serve.</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-tlani" id="g-tlani" class="anti-link">Tlani</a>,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. Below; <i lang="nah">i-tlani</i>, below it.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlanuati,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#viii-4">[4]</a>. To send.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlapani,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-2">[2]</a>. To break.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlapitza,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. A flute.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlapoalli,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. To number, to reckon.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlapomaya,</dt> + <dd><i class="directive">see</i> <a href="#g-pomaya" class="glossarytext"><i lang="nah">Pomaya</i></a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlaquaua,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. To make strong, or hard.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlatia,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. <span class="defli">1. To hide oneself.</span> <span class="defli">2. To burn oneself.</span></dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlatoa,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. To sing, to chant, to speak.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlatol,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-8">[8]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tlatolli</i>, speech, discourses, prayers.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlatonazqui,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tona</i>, to shine.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlauana,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. To drink wine (<i lang="nah">octli</i>),</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlauia,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-1">[1]</a>. To appear red or shining.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlauizcalle,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>; XIX, <a href="#xix-2">[2]</a>. Master of the house of the dawn. The terminal <i>ê</i> signifies an active possessive.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlayauican,</dt> + <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-1">[1]</a>. The dancing-place; from <i lang="nah">tlayaua</i>, to dance in a certain manner.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tlaxotecatl teuhtla,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-tlaxotla" class="glossarytext">Tlaxotla</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-tlaxotla" id="g-tlaxotla" class="anti-link">Tlaxotla</a>,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-3">[3]</a>. Passive form from <i lang="nah">tlaça</i>, to hurl, to throw. Huitzilopochtli was specifically “the hurler.” <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-n" class="glossarytext">Notes to Hymn I</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Toçiquemitl,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">to-citli-quemitl</i>, vestment of our ancestress.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tocniuaya,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-1">[1]</a>. <i lang="nah">To-icniuh</i>, our friend.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tocuilitla,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-7">[7]</a>. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#g-tocuilechcatl" class="glossarytext">Tocuilechcatl</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Toçiuitica,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-10">[10]</a>. From <i lang="nah">to-citli-yuitl</i>, with adverbial ending; “in the feather garb of our ancestors.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah"><a name="g-tocuilechcatl" id="g-tocuilechcatl" class="anti-link">Tocuilechcatl</a>,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. <i lang="nah">To</i>, our, <i lang="nah">cuilia</i>, to paint, adorn; “our adornment.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">To-naca,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-2">[2]</a>. “Our flesh.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tonanaya,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. Reduplicated for <i lang="nah">tonaya</i>, to shine forth.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tonaqui,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-1">[1]</a>. A form from <i lang="nah">tona</i>, to shine.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tonana,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>. “Our mother;” <i lang="nah">nantli</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Topaniaz,</dt> + <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-2">[2]</a>. The Gloss reads more correctly, <i lang="nah">no umpa niaz</i>, “also there I shall go.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Totoch,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>; XVII, <a href="#xvii-h">[title]</a>. <i lang="nah">Tochtli</i>, a rabbit; the name of a god of wine; also, of a day of the week.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Toyauan,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-5">[5]</a>, <a href="#i-6">[6]</a>. <i lang="nah">To-yauan</i>, our enemies. (<i class="directive">See</i> Olmos. <i class="title">Gram.</i>, p. 25.)</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tozquiuaua,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tozquitl</i>, voice.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tzioac,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-5">[5]</a>. For <i lang="nah">tzioactli</i>, a sacred tree; here apparently fig. for a sacred person.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tzioactitlan,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-2">[2]</a>. “In the tzihuac bushes;” the tzihuac was a kind of maguey of a sacred character. <i class="directive">See</i> my <i class="title">Ancient Nahuatl Poetry</i>, p. 140.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tziuaquimiuh,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-3">[3]</a>. “My havresac made of tzihuac fibres.”</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tzocotzontla,</dt> + <dd>XX, <a href="#xx-1">[1]</a>. From <i lang="nah">tzocoton</i>, little, <i lang="nah">tzontli</i>, hair.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tzonimolco,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-1">[1]</a>. “Where the hair spreads abroad.” The name of the hall sacred to the god of fire in the temple. The expression refers figuratively to the flames blazing upwards like hair from a head.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Tzotzonia,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. To play on an instrument.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">U</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Ualitla,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-4">[4]</a>. Comp. of <i lang="nah">uallauh</i> and <i lang="nah">itla</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uallaçic,</dt> + <dd>VIII, <a href="#viii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">uallauh</i>, to come, and <i lang="nah">acic</i>, which adds the sense of approaching near.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ualmeua,</dt> + <dd>XII, <a href="#xii-3">[3]</a>. To cry lustily.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ueca,</dt> + <dd>X, <a href="#x-1">[1]</a>. Far.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uel, or Huel, <span class="p-o-s">adv.</span>,</dt> + <dd>I, <a href="#i-4">[4]</a>. Well.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uelmatia,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-4">[4]</a>. To appear well, to be well.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ueponi,</dt> + <dd>VII, <a href="#vii-1">[1]</a>. <i lang="nah">Uepollotl</i>, kin, relations.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uexcaitoa,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-1">[1]</a>. To offer harm, to curse.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uicacapa,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. Towards, to.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uitzalochpan,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-1">[1]</a>. Compound of <i lang="nah">huitz</i>, to come, and <i lang="nah">tlaloa</i>, to run.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uitzetla,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-2">[2]</a>. For <i lang="nah">uitzlan</i>, in at the south, or the place of thorns.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uitznauac,</dt> + <dd>II, <a href="#ii-4">[4]</a>. For Huitznauac. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#ii-n" class="glossarytext">Notes to Hymn II</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Uitztla,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-3">[3]</a>. According to the <a href="#xiii-g-4" class="glossarytext">Gloss to v. 4</a>, this is a poetic form for <i lang="nah">uictli</i>, a hoe, the native agricultural implement.</dd> +</dl> + + +<h2 class="glosslet">X</h2> + +<dl> +<dt lang="nah">Xamontoca,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-7">[7]</a>. <i lang="nah">Xi-am-on-itta</i>, from <i lang="nah">itta</i>, to look, to see. Compare the <a href="#iv-g" class="glossarytext">Gloss</a>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xatenonotza,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-6">[6]</a>. For <i lang="nah">xi-tenonotza</i>, call ye upon, pray ye to.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xayaualli,</dt> + <dd>XIII, <a href="#xiii-8">[8]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xayaua</i>, to adorn oneself in the ancient manner.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xeliui,</dt> + <dd>XVIII, <a href="#xviii-4">[4]</a>. To split, to divide.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ximocaya,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-9">[9]</a>. Rendered by the Gloss as equivalent to <i lang="nah">ximoayan</i>, the Paradise of Souls; <i class="directive">see</i> my <i class="title">Ancient Nahuatl Poetry</i>, p. 132.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Ximiçotica,</dt> + <dd>XVI, <a href="#xvi-1">[1]</a>, <a href="#xvi-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">iça</i>, to wake up, awake.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xiuh,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-8">[8]</a>. Green; grass.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xiuacalco,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xiuh</i>, <i lang="nah">calli</i>, <i lang="nah">co</i>, in the green house; the <a href="#iii-g" class="glossarytext">Gloss</a> explains it by <i lang="nah">acxoyacalco</i>, “in the house of the wild laurel,” or decorated with wild laurel, a plant probably sacred to Tlaloc.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xiuicoatl,</dt> + <dd>XV, <a href="#xv-2">[2]</a>. Grass snake, or green snake. From <i lang="nah">xiuitl</i>, <i lang="nah">coatl</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xiyanouia,</dt> + <dd>III, <a href="#iii-6">[6]</a>. Imperative from <i lang="nah">yauh</i>, to go.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xochinquauitl,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-7">[7]</a>. The flower-tree.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xochiquetzal,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-11">[11]</a>. Proper name of a deity.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xochitla,</dt> + <dd>IV, <a href="#iv-1">[1]</a>, etc. Flowers, place of, or abundance of. From <i lang="nah">xochitl</i>.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xochitlicacan,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-3">[3]</a>, <a href="#xiv-5">[5]</a>. The place of flowers.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xoconoctli,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xocotl</i>, fruit, apple.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xocoyeua,</dt> + <dd>XIX, <a href="#xix-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xococtl</i>, fruit.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xolotl,</dt> + <dd>XIV, <a href="#xiv-9">[9]</a>. A servant, a page.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xoyauia,</dt> + <dd>IX, <a href="#ix-2">[2]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xoyaui</i>, to begrime, to spoil; <i lang="nah">xoyauian</i>, the place of blackness, or of decay.</dd> +<dt lang="nah">Xoxolcuicatl,</dt> + <dd>VI, <a href="#vi-5">[5]</a>. From <i lang="nah">xolotl</i>, servant, page, and <i lang="nah">cuicatl</i>, song.</dd> +</dl> + + + + +<h1><a name="index" id="index">Index.</a></h1> + + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Abundance, the fabled house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Amanteca,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Amantlan; a quarter of the city of Tenochtitlan,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Amimitl, the god:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#x-h">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-4b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Ancient god, the, a name of the god of fire,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>“Ancient Nahuatl Poetry,” quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-6-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-a-6-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Arrows:<ol class="index"> +<li>the house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-7a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-7b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Artists, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-8-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Atlaua, the god:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xviii-h">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>signification of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xviii-n">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Auroras, the four,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-10-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Ayopechtli <i class="structural">or</i> Ayopechcatl, a goddess:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xii-h">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-11b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Aztec:<ol class="index"> +<li>Mythology, Paradise of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-12a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#tamoanchan-29">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>nation, wars of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-12b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Ball, the game of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-b-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-b-1-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Bibliotheca Laurentio-Mediceana,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-b-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Bread and water, fasting on,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-b-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Bustamente, his edition of Sahagun’s <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-b-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Cardinal points as symbols,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Chalchiucihuatl, a name of the goddess Chicomecoatl,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Chalmecatl, name of a deity,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Chichimecs, an ancient tribe,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-4-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-4-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Chicomecoatl, the goddess:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvi">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-5b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-5b-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>her names,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvi-n">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Chicomolotl, a name of the goddess Chicomecoatl,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Chicomoztoc, the “seven caves,”<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-7-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li><a name="i-childbirth" id="i-childbirth" class="anti-link">Childbirth</a>, goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-8-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#xii-t">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-a-11b-1">[C]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Chimalman, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-9-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Chimalipan, the virgin-mother,<span class="iref"> <a href="#v">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Cholula or Chollolan, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-11-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-11-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Cihuacoatl, the goddess:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xiii">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xiii-n">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Cinteotl or Centeotl, the god,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-13-1">[A]</a>.</span><ol class="index"> +<li>his birthplace,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xiv-t">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-13b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Cipactonalli, a fabled personage,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-14-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Clavigero, quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-15-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Coatepec, the sacred serpent mountain,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-16-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Codex Ramirèz, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-17-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Codex Telleriano-Remensis, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-18-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-18-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Codex Vaticanus, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-19-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Colhuacan:<ol class="index"> +<li>first King of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-20a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>derivation of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-20b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>reference to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvii-2">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-20c-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-c-20c-3">[C]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Colors, symbolism of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-21-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-21-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Cuauhtitlan, the Annals of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-22-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-c-22-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Cuezaltzin, a name of the god of fire,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-23-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Dance:<ol class="index"> +<li>the jar,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-1a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>of the “four auroras,”<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-10-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Death-song, a,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Drum, use of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Drum-beating, goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Drunkenness, deities of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ill4">[A]</a>, <a href="#ill4">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Duran, Diego, quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-d-6-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-4">[D]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-5">[E]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-6">[F]</a>, <a href="#i-d-6-7">[G]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Eagle’s crest, as ornament,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Earth:<ol class="index"> +<li>goddess of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-2a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>heart of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-2b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Eight, as a sacred number,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Emerald, the Lady of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-e-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Feathers:<ol class="index"> +<li>as ornaments,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-1a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>symbol of the spirit,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-1b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Fertility, genius of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-2-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-2-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Fire, the Mexican god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Fire-stick, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Fish-spear, god of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>“Five flowers,” the, a plant,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-6-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-6-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Flames, the Hall of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-7-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Flowers:<ol class="index"> +<li>the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-8a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-8a-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>plumage of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-8b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>as symbols,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-8c-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-8c-2">[B]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Food, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-5b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Four, as sacred number,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-10-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-f-10-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-f-10-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-f-10-4">[D]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Gods:<ol class="index"> +<li>mother of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iv-t">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>home of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-g-1b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-g-1b-2">[B]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Green corn, goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-g-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Guadalupe, Our Lady of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-g-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Hair, as a symbol of flames,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Heads, serpent of seven,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Hearts of victims torn out,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Hieroglyphic books, native,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Huasteca, a tribe,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Huehueteotl, a name of the god of fire,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li><a name="i-huitzilopochtli" id="i-huitzilopochtli" class="anti-link">Huitzilopochtli</a>:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>description of his idol,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-7c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>festival of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-7d-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>temple of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-7e-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>mother of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-7f-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li><a name="i-huitznahuac-may_be-huitznabruac" id="i-huitznahuac-may_be-huitznabruac" class="anti-link">Huitznahuac:</a><ol class="index"> +<li>war song of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ii-t">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>brother of Huitzilopochtli,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-8b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Hurler, the; epithet applied to Huitzilopochtli,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-9-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Ichpochtli, the virgin goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Illustrations, colored,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Inquisition, action on Sahagun’s Historia,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Intoxicating drink, the gods of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ill4">[A]</a>, <a href="#xvii-n">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Itzpapalotl, a goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Ixcoçauhqui, the god of fire, hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#vi">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Jade, ornaments of, mentioned,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-j-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Jourdanet, Dr., his translation of Sahagun’s <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-j-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Kingsborough, Lord:<ol class="index"> +<li>his edition of Sahagun’s <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-k-1a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-k-1a-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>his <i class="title">Mexican Antiquities</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-k-1b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Lightning, as a serpent,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-l-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-l-1-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Lying-in, goddesses of. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-childbirth" class="indextext">Childbirth</a>.</li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Macuilxochitl:<ol class="index"> +<li>name of a deity,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-1a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xix">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Maguey, brought from Paradise,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Maize:<ol class="index"> +<li>the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-3a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-g-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Maya tribes in Mexico,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Mazateca, a certain tribe or caste,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Merchants, the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Mexicans, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-7-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Mexicans, poetry of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-8-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-a-6-1">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Mexico, ancient,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iii-t">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Mimixcoa. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-mixcoatl" class="indextext">Mixcoatl</a>.</li> +<li>Mirror, the use of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-10-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Mist, the house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-11-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li><a name="i-mixcoatl" id="i-mixcoatl" class="anti-link">Mixcoatl</a>, the god:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#vii">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-12b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-m-12b-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>hill of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-12c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Mixcoatepec, mountain so called,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-12c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li><table class="bracketer"> +<tr><td>Mixteca</td><td rowspan="2" id="mixteca-table-bracket">}</td><td rowspan="2" class="colon">:</td><td rowspan="2">a nation,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-14-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-m-14-2">[B]</a>.</span></td></tr> +<tr><td>Mixtecatl</td></tr> +</table></li> +<li>Mixtecapan, a locality,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-15-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Mother of the gods,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iv-t">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-m-16-2">[B]</a>.</span><ol class="index"> +<li>“our mother,”<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-16a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>the virgin,<span class="iref"> <a href="#v">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Nahua, the, as tribal name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Nahuatl language, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-2-1">[A]</a>.</span><ol class="index"> +<li>MSS.,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-2a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Naualpilli, “noble magician,” a name of Tlaloc,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Night, the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xv-t">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-n-4-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Nonoalco, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-n-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>“Obsidian butterfly,” a kind of ornament,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Olmos, quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Opochtli, the god of netmakers,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Otomis, the tribe so-called,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-4-1">[A]</a>.</span><ol class="index"> +<li>war song of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xi-n">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Otontecutli, the god:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xi">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>his functions,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-o-5b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Paradise, the terrestrial,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-a-12a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-m-2-1">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-p-1-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-p-1-4">[D]</a>, <a href="#i-p-1-5">[E]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Paynal, the god,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Parturition, goddess of. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-childbirth" class="indextext">Childbirth</a>.</li> +<li>Picha-Huasteca, a tribe,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-3-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-h-5-1">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Pipitlan, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Pipiteca, a nomen gentile,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Poetry, ancient Mexican,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-m-8-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-a-6-1">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-a-6-2">[C]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Pulque, the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-p-7-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Quechol bird, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Quetzal bird, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-2-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-q-2-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Quetzalcoatl:<ol class="index"> +<li>priests adopt his garb,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-3a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>as speaker,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-3b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-q-3b-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>his companion,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-3c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Quilaztli:<ol class="index"> +<li>name of a goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-4a-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-q-4a-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>related to Atlaua,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-4b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Rain, the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-r-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Rain gods, the, the house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-r-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Reproduction, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Sacrifices, human,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-4">[D]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-5">[E]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Sahagun, Bernardino de:<ol class="index"> +<li>MS. of his <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-2a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>his remarks on the chants,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-2b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>action of Inquisition on,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-i-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-2d-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-3">[C]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-4">[D]</a>, <a href="#i-c-8-1">[E]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-6">[F]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-7">[G]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-8">[H]</a>, <a href="#i-s-2d-9">[I]</a> <i lang="la">et sæpe</i>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Serpent:<ol class="index"> +<li>the lightning,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-l-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-l-1-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>mountain,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-3b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>the serpent woman,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-3c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>serpent’s blood,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-3d-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>swallowing of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-3e-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>of seven heads,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-h-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Seven, as a sacred number,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-4-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Simeon, Remi, his notes to Sahagun’s <i class="title" lang="es">Historia</i>,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-j-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Slaves, sacrifice of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-1-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-s-1-3">[C]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Soul, place in Aztec mythology,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-10-2">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>South, the, as origin of deities,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-8-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-s-8-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Sun-god, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-9-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Tamoanchan:<ol class="index"> +<li>its signification,<span class="iref"> <a href="#tamoanchan-29">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>the houses of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-1b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Teatlahuiani, a name of the god of the pulque,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Temple of Tenochtitlan,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-3-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-t-3-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tenochtitlan, ancient name of the city of Mexico, temple of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-3-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-t-3-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tepeyacac, temple at,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tequechmecaniani, a name of the god of drunkenness,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Teteuinan, hymn of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iv">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tezcatlipoca, the god,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-8-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tezcatzoncatl, god of the pulque,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvii">[A]</a>.</span><ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xvii">[A]</a>, <a href="#xvii-t">[B]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Tezcatzontli,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-10-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Thorns, diviners with,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-11-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tlaloc, the god:<ol class="index"> +<li>song of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iii">[A]</a>, <a href="#iii-t">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>house of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-12b-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-r-2-1">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-t-12b-3">[C]</a>.</span></li> +<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#iii-n">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>figure of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-12d-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Tlalocan, the terrestrial Paradise,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-13-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#tlalocan-25">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-a-12a-1">[C]</a>.</span><ol class="index"> +<li>guide to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-c-6-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>explained,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-13b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Tlazolteotl, the love goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-14-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Toçi, our mother, a goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-15-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Toltecs, the fabulous nation of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-16-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Torquemada, quoted,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-17-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-t-17-2">[B]</a>, <a href="#i-t-17-3">[C]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Totec, the god:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xv">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>a companion of Quetzalcoatl,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-q-3c-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Totochtin, gods of intoxication,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ill4">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tochtli, the rabbit, as a god of drunkards,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-20-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tonan <i class="structural">or</i> Tonantzin, the goddess,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-21-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-t-21-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Travelers, the deity of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-22-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tulan, the site of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-23-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Turquoises as ornaments,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-24-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Twins, the goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-25-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tzatzitepec, the hill of proclamation,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-26-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tziuactitlan, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-27-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Tzocatzontlan, a place name,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-t-28-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Uitznahuac. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-huitznahuac-may_be-huitznabruac" class="indextext">Huitznabruac</a>.</li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Venus impudica, the Mexican,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-v-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Vitzilopochtli. <i class="directive">See</i> <a href="#i-huitzilopochtli" class="indextext">Huitzilopochtli</a>.</li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>War:<ol class="index"> +<li>the god of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-w-1a-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>goddess of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-w-1b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Water cypress, the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-w-2-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Waters, master of the,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-w-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Woman, sacrifice of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-s-1-5">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Xilonen, goddess of green corn,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-1-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Xippe Totec, the god, hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xv">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Xiuhtecutli, a name of the god of fire,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Xochipilli, the god of flowers:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#viii">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-4b-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>synonym,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-f-6-2">[A]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +<li>Xochitlycacan, name of the earthly Paradise, its meaning,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-5-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Xochiquetzal, the goddess:<ol class="index"> +<li>hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ix">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>functions of,<span class="iref"> <a href="#ix-n">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>reference to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-x-6c-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-x-6c-2">[B]</a>.</span></li></ol></li> +</ol> + +<ol class="index"> +<li>Yacatecutli, god of travelers, hymn to,<span class="iref"> <a href="#xx">[A]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Yoatzin, the god of night,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-y-2-1">[A]</a>, <a href="#i-y-2-2">[B]</a>.</span></li> +<li>Youallauan, the nocturnal tippler, high priest of Totec,<span class="iref"> <a href="#i-y-3-1">[A]</a>.</span></li> +</ol> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Rig Veda Americanus, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RIG VEDA AMERICANUS *** + +***** This file should be named 14993-h.htm or 14993-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/4/9/9/14993/ + +Produced by David Starner, Ben Beasley and the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in 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