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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/15197-8.txt b/15197-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0cb399 --- /dev/null +++ b/15197-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2481 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries No. 29, Saturday, May 18, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries No. 29, Saturday, May 18, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 28, 2005 [EBook #15197] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES NO. 29, *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, +William Flis, and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 29] SATURDAY, MAY 18. 1850 {Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS + + Page + NOTES:-- + Oliver Cromwell as a Feoffee of Parson's Charity, Ely 465 + Dr. Parr and Dr. John Taylor 466 + Provincial Words 467 + Folk Lore:--Death Bed Superstition--May Marriages + --Throwing old Shoes--Sir Thomas Boleyn's Spectre + --Shuck the Dog-fiend 467 + + QUERIES:-- + Numismatic Queries 468 + Queries Proposed, No. 2., by Bolton Corney 469 + Authors who have privately printed, by E.F. Rimbault 469 + Minor Queries:--Seager a Painter--Marlow's Autograph + --MS. Diary of the Convention Parliament of + 1660--Etymology of Totnes--Dr. Maginn--Poor + Robin's Almanack--The Camp in Bulstrode Park 469 + + REPLIES:-- + Dr. Percy and the Poems of the Earl of Surrey by + J Payne Collier 471 + Symbols of the Four Evangelists 471 + Complexion 472 + Ballad of Dick and the Devil 473 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Cavell--Gootet--Christian + Captives--Pamphlets respecting Ireland--Pimlico-- + Bive and Chute Lambs--Latin Names of Towns--Le + Petit Albert--Walker Lynne--Emancipation of the + Jews--As lazy as Ludlum's Dog--St. Winifreda--Vert + Vert--"Esquire" and "Gentleman"--Pope Felix + and Pope Gregory--Love's last Shift--Quem + Deus--Dayrolles--Emerods--Military Execution-- + "M. or N."--Sapcote Motto--Finkle &c. 473 + + MISCELLANIES:-- + Dr. Sclater's Works--Runes 478 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 479 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 479 + Notice to Correspondents 479 + + * * * * * + + +OLIVER CROMWELL AS A FEOFFEE OF PARSON'S CHARITY, ELY + + +There is in Ely, where Cromwell for some years resided, an extensive +charity known as Parson's Charity, of which he was a feoffee or +governor. The following paper, which was submitted to Mr. Carlyle for +the second or third edition of his work, contains all the references +to the great Protector which are to be found in the papers now in the +possession of the trustees. The appointment of Oliver Cromwell as a +feoffee does not appear in any of the documents now remaining with +the governors of the charity. The records of the proceedings if the +feoffees of his time consist only of the collector's yearly accounts +of monies received and expended, and do not show the appointments of +the feoffees. These accounts were laid before the feoffees from time +to time, and signed by them in testimony of their allowance. + +Cromwell's name might therefore be expected to be found at the foot of +some of them; but it unfortunately happens that, from the year 1622 to +the year 1641, there is an hiatus in the accounts. At the end of Book +No. 1., between forty and fifty leaves have been cut away, and at the +commencement of Book no. 2. about twelve leaves more. Whether some +collector of curiosities has purloined these leaves for the sale of +any autographs of Cromwell contained in them, or whether their removal +may be accounted for by the questions which arose at the latter end +of the above period as to the application of the funds of the charity, +cannot now be ascertained. + +There are however, still in the possession of the governors of the +charity, several documents which clearly show that from the year +1635 to the year 1641 Cromwell was a feoffee or governor, and took an +active part in the management of the affairs of the charity. There +is an original bond, dated the 30th of May, 1638, from one Robert +Newborne to "Daniell Wigmore, Archdeacon of Ely, Oliver Cromwell, +Esq., and the rest of the Corporation of Ely." The feoffees had then +been incorporated by royal charter, under the title of "The Governors +of the Lands and Possessions of the Poor of the City or Town of Ely." + +There are some detached collectors' accounts extending over a portion +of the interval between 1622 and 1641, and indorsed, "The Accoumpts +of Mr. John Hand and Mr. William Cranford, Collectors of the Revenewes +belonging to the Towne of Ely." + +The following entries are extracted from these accounts:-- + + "The Disbursements of Mr. John Hand from the + of August 1636 unto the of + 1641." + + "Anno 1636." + +After several other items,-- + + £ s. d. + "Given to diverse Poore People at ye } + Worke-house, in the presence of Mr. } + Archdeacon of Ely, Mr. Oliver Cromwell, } 16 14 0 + Mr. John Goodericke, and others, Feb. } + 10th 1636, as appeareth, } ___________ + + Summa Expens. Ann. 1636 36 3 6" + ___________ + + + "The Disbursements of Mr. Cranford." + "Item, to Jones, by Mr. Cromwell's consent} 1 0 0" + +Mr. Cranford's disbursements show no dates. His receipts immediately +followed Mr. Hand's in point of dates. + +About the year 1639 a petition was filed in the Court of Chancery by +one Thomas Fowler, on behalf of himself and others, inhabitants of +Ely, against the feoffees of Parson's Charity, and a commission for +charitable uses was issued. The commissioners sat at Ely, on the 25th +of January, 1641, and at Cambridge on the 3rd of March in the same +year, when several of the feoffees with other persons were examined. + +At the conclusion of the joint deposition of John Hand and William +Cranford, two of the feoffees, is the following statement:-- + + "And as to the Profitts of the said Lands in theire tyme + receaved, they never disposed of any parte thereof but by the + direction and appointment of Mr. Daniell Wigmore, Archdeacon + of Ely, Mr. William March, and Mr. Oliver Cromwell." + + "These last two names were inserted att Camb. 8 Mar. 1641, by + Mr. Hy. C." + +The last name in the above note is illegible, and the last two names +in the deposition are of a different ink and handwriting from the +preceding part, but of the same ink and writing as the note. + +An original summons to the feoffees, signed by the commissioners, is +preserved. It requires them to appear before the commissioners at +the Dolphin Inn, in Ely, on the 25th of the then instant January, to +produce before the commissioners a true account "of the monies, fines, +rents, and profits by you and every of you and your predecessors +feoffees receaved out of the lands given by one Parsons for the +benefitt of the inhabitants of Ely for 16 years past," &c. The summons +is dated at Cambridge, the 13th of January, 1641, and is signed by the +three commissioners, + + "Tho. Symon. + Tho. Duckett. + Dudley Page." + +The summons is addressed + + "To Matthew, Lord Bishop of Ely, + Willm. Fuller, Deane of Ely, and to + Daniell Wigmore, Archdeacon of Ely. + William March, Esq. + Anthony Page, Esq. + Henry Gooderick, Gent. + Oliver Cromwell, Esq. + Willm. Anger. + Willm. Cranford. + John Hand, and + Willm. Austen." + +Whether Cromwell attended the sitting of the commissioners does not +appear. + +The letter from Cromwell to Mr. John Hand, published in Cromwell's +_Memoirs of Cromwell_, has not been in the possession of the feoffees +for some years. + +There is, however, an item in Mr. Hand's disbursements, which probably +refers to the person mentioned in that letter. It is as follows:-- + + £ s. d. + "Ffor phisicke and surgery for old Benson, 2 7 4" + +Cromwell's letter appears to be at a later date than this item. + +John Hand was a feoffee for many years, and during his time executed, +as was usual, the office of collector or treasurer. It may be gathered +from the documents preserved that Cromwell never executed that office. +The office was usually taken by the feoffees in turn then, as at the +present time; but Cromwell most probably was called to a higher sphere +of action before his turn arrived. + +It is worthy of note, that Cromwell's fellow-trustees, the Bishop +of Ely (who was the celebrated Matthew Wren), Fuller the Dean, +and Wigmore the Archdeacon, were all severely handled during the +Rebellion. + +ARUN. + + * * * * * + + +DR. SAM. PARR AND DR. JOHN TAYLOR, OF SHREWSBURY AND SHREWSBURY +SCHOOL. + + +Looking at the Index to the _Memoirs of Gilbert Wakefield_, edit. of +1804, I saw, under the letter T., the following entries:-- + + "Taylor, Rev. Dr. John, Tutor of Warrington Academy, i. 226. + ---- his latinity, why faulty, ii. 449." + +But I instantly suspected an error: for it was my belief that those +two notices were designed for two distinct scholars. Accordingly, I +revised both passages, and found that I was right in my conjecture. +The facts are these:--In the former of the references, "The Rev. John +Taylor, D.D.," is pointed out. The other individual, of the same +name, was John Taylor, LL.D., a native of Shrewsbury, and a pupil of +Shrewsbury School: HIS _latinity_ it is which Dr. Samuel Parr [_ut +supr._] characterises as FAULTY: and for the defects of which he +endeavours, successfully or otherwise, to account. So that whosoever +framed the _Index_ has here committed an oversight. + +In the quotation which I proceed to make, Parr is assigning causes of +what, as I think, he truly deemed blemishes in G. Wakefield's Latin +style; and this is the language of the not unfriendly censor:-- + + "--None, I fear, of his [W.'s] Latin productions are wholly + free from faults, which he would have been taught to avoid + in our best public seminaries, and of which I have seen many + glaring instances in the works of Archbishop Potter, Dr. John + Taylor, Mr. Toup, and several eminent scholars now living, who + were brought up in private schools." + +But could Parr mean to rank Shrewsbury School among the "private +schools?" I am not old enough to recollect what it was in the times +of Taylor, J., the civilian, and the editor of Demosthenes. Its +celebrity, however, in our own day, and through a long term of +preceding years, is confessed. Dr. Parr's judgement in this case might +be somewhat influenced by his prepossessions as an _Harrovian_. + +N. + +April, 1850. + + * * * * * + + +PROVINCIAL WORDS. + + +In _Twelfth Night_, Act ii. Scene 3., occur the words "Sneck up," in +C. Knight's edition, or "Snick up," Mr. Collier's edition. These words +appear most unaccountably to have puzzled the commentators. Sir Toby +Belch uses them in reply to Malvolio, as,-- + +_Enter_ MALVOLIO. + + "_Mal._ My masters, are you mad? or what are you? Have you no + wit, manners, nor honesty, but to gabble like tinkers at this + time of night? Do you make an alehouse of my lady's house, + that you squeak out your cozier's catches without any + mitigation or remorse of voice? Is there no respect of place, + person, nor time, in you? + + "_Sir To._ We did keep time, Sir, in our catches. Sneck up!" + +"Sneck up," according to Mr. C. Knight, is explained thus:-- + + "A passage in Taylor, the Water Poet, would show that this + means 'hang yourself.' A verse from his 'Praise of Hempseed' + is given in illustration." + +"Snick up," according to Mr. Collier, is said to be "a term of +contempt," of which the precise meaning seems to have been lost. +Various illustrations are given, as see his Note; but all are wide of +the meaning. + +Turn to Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, 2d +edition, and there is this explanation:-- + + "SNECK, that part of the iron fastening of a door which is + raised by moving the latch. To _sneck_ a door, is to latch + it." + +See also Burn's Poems: _The Vision, Duan First_, 7th verse, which is +as follows:-- + + "When dick! the string the snick did draw,-- + And jee! the door gaed to the wa'; + An' by my ingle-lowe I saw, + Now bliezin' bright, + A tight, outlandish Hizzie, braw, + Come full in sight." + +These quotations will clearly show that "sneck" or "snick" applies to +a door; and that to _sneck_ a door is to shut it. I think, therefore, +that Sir Toby meant to say in the following reply:-- + + "We did keep time, Sir, in our catches. Sneck up!" + +That is, close up, shut up, or, as is said now, "bung +up,"--emphatically, "We kept true time;" and the probability is, that +in saying this, Sir Toby would accompany the words with the action of +pushing an imaginary door; or _sneck up_. + +In the country parts of Lancashire, and indeed throughout the North +of England, and it appears Scotland also, the term "sneck the door" +is used indiscriminately with "shut the door" or "toin't dur." And +there can be little doubt but that this provincialism was known to +Shakspeare, as his works are full of such; many of which have either +been passed over by his commentators, or have been wrongly noted, as +the one now under consideration. + +Shakspeare was essentially a man of the people; his learning was +from within, not from colleges or schools, but from the universe and +himself. He wrote the language of the people; that is, the common +every-day language of his time: and hence mere classical scholars have +more than once mistaken him, and most egregiously misinterpreted him, +as I propose to show in some future Notes. + +R.R. + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + + +_Death-bed Superstition_. (No. 20. p. 315.).--The practice of opening +doors and boxes when a person dies, is founded on the idea that the +ministers of purgatorial pains took the soul as it escaped from the +body, and flattening it against some closed door (which alone would +serve the purpose), crammed it into the hinges and hinge openings; +thus the soul in torment was likely to be miserably pinched and +squeezed by the movement on casual occasion of such door or lid: an +open or swinging door frustrated this, and the fiends had to try some +other locality. The friends of the departed were at least assured +that they were not made the unconscious instruments of torturing the +departed in their daily occupations. The superstition prevails in the +North as well as in the West of England; and a similar one exists in +the South of Spain, where I have seen it practised. + +Among the Jews at Gibraltar, at which place I have for many years been +a resident, there is also a strange custom when a death occurs in the +house; and this consists in pouring away all the water contained in +any vessel, the superstition being that the angel of death may have +washed his sword therein. + +TREBOR. + + * * * * * + +_May Marriages_.--It so happened that yesterday I had both a Colonial +Bishop and a Home Archdeacon taking part in the services of my church, +and visiting at my house; and, by a singular coincidence, both had +been solicited by friends to perform the marriage ceremony not later +than to-morrow, because in neither case would the bride-elect submit +to be married in the month of May. I find that it is a common notion +amongst ladies, that May marriages are unlucky. + +Can any one inform me whence this prejudice arose? + +ALFRED GATTY. + +Ecclesfield, April 29. 1850. + + [This superstition is as old as Ovid's time, who tells us in + his _Fasti_, + + "Nec viduæ tædis eadem, nec virginis apta + Tempora. Quæ nupsit non diuturna fuit. + Hac quoque de causa (si te proverbia tangunt), + Mense malas Maio nubere vulgus ait." + + The last line, as our readers may remember, (see _ante_, No. + 7. p. 97.), was fixed on the gates of Holyrood on the morning + (16th of May) after the marriage of Mary Queen of Scots and + Bothwell.] + + * * * * * + +_Throwing Old Shoes at a Wedding_.--At a wedding lately, the +bridesmaids, after accompanying the bride to the hall-door, threw into +the carriage, on the departure of the newly-married couple, a number +of old shoes which they had concealed somewhere. On inquiry, I find +this custom is not uncommon; I should be glad to be favoured with any +particulars respecting its origin and meaning, and the antiquity of +it. + +ARUN. + + [We have some NOTES on the subject of throwing Old Shoes after + a person as a means of securing them good fortune, which we + hope to insert in an early Number.] + + * * * * * + +_Sir Thomas Boleyn's Spectre_.--Sir Thomas Boleyn, the father of the +unfortunate Queen of Henry VIII., resided at Blickling, distant about +fourteen miles from Norwich, and now the residence of the dowager Lady +Suffield. The spectre of this gentleman is believed by the vulgar to +be doomed, annually, on a certain night in the year, to drive, for a +period of 1000 years, a coach drawn by four headless horses, over a +circuit of twelve bridges in that vicinity. These are Aylsham, Burgh, +Oxnead, Buxton, Coltishall, the two Meyton bridges, Wroxham, and four +others whose names I do not recollect. Sir Thomas carries his head +under his arm, and flames issue from his mouth. Few rustics are hardy +enough to be found loitering on or near those bridges on that night; +and my informant averred, that he was himself on one occasion hailed +by this fiendish apparition, and asked to open a gate, but "he warn't +sich a fool as to turn his head; and well a' didn't, for Sir Thomas +passed him full gallop like:" and he heard a voice which told him that +he (Sir Thomas) had no power to hurt such as turned a deaf ear to his +requests, but that had he stopped he would have carried him off. + +This tradition I have repeatedly heard in this neighbourhood from aged +persons when I was a child, but I never found but one person who had +ever actually _seen_ the phantom. Perhaps some of your correspondents +can give some clue to this extraordinary sentence. The coach and four +horses is attached to another tradition I have heard in the west +of Norfolk; where the ancestor of a family is reported to drive his +spectral team through the old walled-up gateway of his now demolished +mansion, on the anniversary of his death: and it is said that the +bricks next morning have ever been found loosened and fallen, though +as constantly repaired. The particulars of this I could easily procure +by reference to a friend. + +E.S.T. + +P.S. Another vision of Headless Horse is prevalent at Caistor Castle, +the seat of the Fastolfs. + + * * * * * + +_Shuck the Dog-fiend_.--This phantom I have heard many persons in East +Norfolk, and even Cambridgeshire, describe as having seen as a black +shaggy dog, with fiery eyes, and of immense size, and who visits +churchyards at midnight. One witness nearly fainted away at seeing it, +and on bringing his neighbours to see the place where he saw it, he +found a large spot as if gunpowder had been exploded there. A lane +in the parish of Overstrand is called, after him, Shuck's Lane. The +name appears to be a corruption of "shag," as _shucky_ is the Norfolk +dialect for "shaggy." Is not this a vestige of the German "Dog-fiend?" + +E.S.T. + + * * * * * + + + + +QUERIES. + + +NUMISMATIC QUERIES. + +Can any numismatical contributor give me any information as to the +recurrence elsewhere, &c., of the following types of coins in my +possession:-- + +1. A coin of the size of Roman 1 B., of the province of Macedonia +Prima.--_Obv._ A female head, with symbols behind, and a rich +floriated edge: _Rev._ A club within an oaken garland: Legend in the +field, [Greek: MAKEDONÔN PRÔTÊS]. + +The type is illustrated by Dr. Horne, in his _Introduction to the +Study of the Bible_, in explanation of Acts, xvi. 11, 12. The specimen +in my possession is in _lead_, finely struck, and therefore not a +_cast_, and in all respects equal in point of sharpness and execution +to the silver of the same size and type in the British Museum; and was +dug up by a labourer at Chesterton, near Cambridge. How is the metal +of which my specimen is composed to be accounted for? + +2. A 3 B. coin apparently by the portrait of Tiberius.--Legend +defaced: _Rev._ The type known by collectors as the altar of Lyons: +_Ex._ (ROM)AE ET AV(G.) + +3. A 3 B. of Herennia Estruscilla.--_Rev_. The usual seated figure of +Pudicitia; and the Legend, PVDICITIA AVG. + +According to Col. Smyth, Akermann, and other authorities, no third +brass of this empress exists; but the specimen before me has been +decided as undoubtedly genuine by many competent judges. + +4. A 3 B. coin of the Emperor Macrinus, struck in some of the +provinces.--_Obv._ A bearded portrait of the emperor: Leg., AVT. +K.M.O.C.C. MAKPINOC: _Rev._ An archaic S.C. in a laurel garland, above +L and beneath C. I am anxious to know to what locality I may ascribe +this coin, as I have not been able to find it described. + +E.S.T. + + * * * * * + +QUERIES PROPOSED, NO. 2. + +When reflecting on my various pen-and-ink skirmishes, I have sometimes +half-resolved to _avoid controversy_. The resolution would have been +unwise; for silence, on many occasions, would be a dereliction of +those duties which we owe to ourselves and the public. + +The halcyon days, so much desired, may be far distant! I have +to comment, elsewhere, on certain parts of the _Report_ of the +commissioners on the British Museum--which I hope to do firmly, yet +respectfully; and on the evidence of Mr. Panizzi--in which task I must +not disappoint his just expectations. I have also to propose a query +on the _blunder of Malone_--to which I give precedence, as it relates +to Shakspeare. + +The query is--have I "mistaken the whole affair"? A few short +paragraphs may enable others to decide. + +1. The question at issue arose, I presume to say, out of the +_statement of Mr. Jebb_. I never quoted the Irish edition. If _C._ +can prove that Malone superintended it, he may fairly tax me with a +violation of my new canon of criticism--not otherwise. What says Mr. +James Boswell on that point? I must borrow his precise words: "The +only edition for which Mr. Malone can be considered as responsible +[is] his own in 1790." [_Plays and poems of W.S._ 1821, i. xxxiii.] + +2. I am said to have "repeated what _C._ had already stated."--I +consulted the _Shakspere_ of Malone, and verified my recollections, +when the query of "Mr. JEBB" appeared--but forbore to notice its +misconceptions. Besides, one _C._, after an interval of two months, +merely _asserted_ that it was not a blunder of Malone; the other _C._ +furnished, off-hand, his proofs and references. + +3. To argue fairly, we must use the same words in the same sense. +Now _C._ (No. 24. p. 386.) asserts the _Malone had never seen_ the +introductory fragment; and asks, who _forged_ it? He uses the word +_fabrication_ in the sense of forgery.--The facts are produced (No. +25. p. 404.). He is informed that the _audacious fabrication_, which +took place before 1770, was first published by Malone himself, +in 1790--yet he expects me to apply the same terms to the blunder +committed by another editor in 1794. + +4. As an answer to my assertion that the Irish editor _attempted to +unite_ the two fragments, _C._ proceeds to prove that he _did not +unite them_. The procedure is rather defective in point of logical +exactness. It proves only what was not denied. Malone refers to the +_will of John Shakspere, found by Joseph Moseley_, with sufficient +clearness; and it is charitable to assume that the Irish editor +intended to observe the instructions of his precursor. He failed, it +seems--but why? It would be useless to go in search of the rationale +of a blunder. + +Have I "_mistaken the whole affair_"?--I entreat those readers of +the "NOTES AND QUERIES" who may take up the affirmative side of the +question to point out my errors, whether as to facts or inferences. + +BOLTON CORNET. + + * * * * * + +AUTHORS WHO HAVE PRIVATELY PRINTED THEIR OWN WORKS. + +Can any of your readers refer me to any source whence I can obtain +an account of "JOHN PAINTER, B.A. of St. John's College, Oxford?" He +appears to have been a very singular character, and fond of printing +(privately) his own lucubrations; to most of which he subscribes +himself "The King's Fool." Three of these privately printed tracts are +now before me:--1. _The Poor Man's Honest Praises and Thanksgiving_, +1746. 2. _An Oxford Dream, in Two Parts_, 1751. 3. _A Scheme designed +for the Benefit of the Foundling Hospital_, 1751. + +Who was ROBERT DEVERELL, who privately printed, in 4to., _Andalusia; +or Notes tending to show that the Yellow Fever was well known to +the Ancients_? The book seems a mass of absurdity; containing +illustrations of Milton's _Comus_, and several other subjects equally +incongruous. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Seager a Painter.--Marlow's Autograph._--In a MS., which has +lately been placed in my hands, containing a copy of Henry Howard's +translation of the last instructions given by the Emperor Charles V. +to his son Philip, transcribed by Paul Thompson about the end of the +sixteenth century, are prefixed some poems in a different handwriting. +The first of these is an eclogue, entitled _Amor Constans_, in which +the dialogue is carried on by "Dickye" and "Bonnybootes," and begins +thus:--"For shame, man, wilt thou never leave this sorrowe?" At the +end is the signature, "Infortunatus, Ch.M." Following this eclogue +are sixteen sonnets, signed also "Ch.M.;" in two of which the author +alludes to a portrait painter named _Seager_. One of these sonnets +commences thus:-- + + "Whilest thou in breathinge cullers, crimson white, + Drewst these bright eyes, whose language sayth to me. + Loe! the right waye to heaven; Love stoode by the(e), + _Seager!_ fayne to be drawne in cullers brighte," &c. + +I should be glad to receive any information respecting this painter: +as also any hints as to the name of the poet Ch. M. May I add, also, +another Query? Is any authentic writing or signature of _Christopher +Marlow_ known to exist? + +M. + + * * * * * + +_MS. Diary of the Convention Parliament of 1660_.--The editors of the +_Parliamentary History_ give some passages from a MS. Diary of the +Convention Parliament of the Restoration, and state that the Diary +was communicated to them by the Rev. Charles Lyttleton, Dean of Exeter +(vol. iv. p. 73.). I am anxious to know where this Diary now is, and +if it may be seen by-- + +CH. + + * * * * * + +_Etymology of Totnes_.--Can any of your readers suggest a probable +etymology for Totnes, the "prime town of Great Britain," as it is +called by Westcote[1], who supposes it to have been built by Brutus, +1108 years before the Christian era. Mr. Polwhele, who supposed the +numerous _Hams_ in Devon to have owed their names to the worship +of Jupiter _Hammon_, would, I imagine, have derived Totnes from the +Egyptian god Thoth or Taut; or, perhaps, directly from King Thothmes. +Westcote observes that some would have the name from,-- + + "The French word _tout-à-l'aise_, which is in English, all at + ease; as if Brutus at his arrival in such a pleasant soil ... + should here assure himself and his fellow-travellers of + ease, rest, and content; and the _l_, in this long time, is + changed into _n_, and so from _tout-à-lesse_ we now call it + _tout-à-nesse_, and briefly Totnessse. This would _I willingly + applaud, could I think or believe that Brutus spake so good + French_, or that the French tongue was then spoken at all. + Therefore, I shall with the more ease join in opinion with + those who would have it named _Dodonesse_, which signifieth + [in what language?] the rocky-town, or town on stones, which + is also agreeable with the opinion of Leland." + +Totnes is denominated Totenais and Totheneis in _Domesday Book_; and +in other old records variously spelt, Toteneis, Totteneys, Toteneys, +Totton', Totteñ, Totenesse, Tottenesse, Tottonasse, Totonie, &c. +Never, Donodesse. + +J.M.B. + +Totnes, April 23. 1850. + + [1] _A View of Devonshire in MDCXXX._, by Thomas Westcote, + Esq., Exeter, 1845. + + * * * * * + +_Dr. Maginn's Miscellanies_.--Towards the end of 1840, Dr. Maginn +issued the prospectus of a work to be published weekly in numbers, +and to be entitled "_Magazine Miscellanies_, by Dr. Maginn," which was +intended to comprise a selection from his contributions to Blackwood, +Fraser, &c. Will any one of your multitudinous readers kindly inform +me whether this work was ever published, or any portion of it? + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_Dr. Maginn's "Shakspeare Papers."_--The Doctor published several very +able critical dissertations under this, or some similar title, about +the year 1837, in one of the monthly magazines, for references to +which I shall feel obliged. + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_Dr. Maginn's Homeric Ballads._--Between 1839 and 1842, the "Homeric +Ballads," from thirteen to sixteen, appeared in _Fraser's Magazine_. +Will any correspondent favour me with specific references to the +numbers or months in which they were published? I may add, that I +shall esteem it as a very great favour to receive authentic reference +to any articles contributed to Blackwood, Fraser, &c., &c., by +Dr. Maginn. The difficulty of determining authorship from internal +evidence alone is well-known, and is aptly illustrated by the fact, +that an article on Miss Austen's novels, by Archbishop Whately, was +included in the collection of Sir Walter Scott's prose works. + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_Poor Robin's Almanack_.--Who was the author or originator of _Poor +Robin's Almanack_? Are any particulars known of its successive +editors? In what year did it cease to be published? The only one I +possess is for the year 1743,--"Written by Poor Robin, _Knight of the +Burnt Island_, a well-wisher to Mathematicks," who informs his readers +that this was his eighty-first year of writing. What is meant by +_Knight of the Burnt Island_? + +I must not omit to add, that at Dean Prior, the former vicar, Robert +Herrick, has the reputation of being the author of _Poor Robin_. + +J.M.B. + +Totnes, April 18. 1850. + + * * * * * + +_The Camp in Bulstrode Park_.--Is there any published account of +this camp having been opened? It is well worth the examination of +a competent antiquary.... It is not even alluded to in Mr. Jesse's +_Favourite Haunts_, nor does that gentleman appear to have visited the +interesting village of "Hedgerley" (anciently _Hugely_), or Jordans, +the Quakers' Meeting-house, and burial-place of Penn, between +Beaconsfield and Chalfont. Chalfont was anciently written Chalfhunt, +and is by the natives still called Charffunt; and Hunt is a very +common surname in this parish: there was, however, Tobias Chalfont, +Rector of Giston, who died 1631. "Chal" appears to be a common prefix. +In Chalfont (St. Peter's) is an inscription to _Sir_ Robert Hamson, +Vycar, alluded to in Boutell's _Brasses_. In a cupboard under the +gallery staircase is a copper helmet, which, prior to the church +having been beautified in 1822, was suspended on an iron bracket with +a _bit of rag_, as it then looked, to the best of my memory. I have +heard that it belonged to the family of Gould of Oak End, extinct. + +A.C. + + * * * * * + +_Hobit_, a measure of corn in Wales; what is the derivation? + +A.C. + + * * * * * + + + + +REPLIES. + + +DR. PERCY AND THE POEMS OF THE EARL OF SURREY. + +I have the means of showing what Dr. Percy did with the poems of the +Earl of Surrey, because I have a copy of the work now before me. + +It can hardly be said that he "prepared an edition" of those poems, +as supposed by your correspondent "G." on the authority of Watts's +_Bibliotheca Britannica_, but he made an exact reprint of the _Songes +and Sonnettes written by the Right Honorable Lorde Henry Haward, +late Earle of Surrey, and other_, which was printed _Apud Richardum +Tottell. Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum_. 1557. The Bishop of +Dromere made no attempt at editing the work much beyond what was +necessary to secure an exact reimpression. He prefixed no Life of +Surrey (a point "G." wishes to ascertain); and, in fact, the book was +never completed. It contains considerably more than the reprint of the +poems of Lord Surrey, and was intended to consist of two volumes with +separate pagination; the first volume extending to p. 272., and the +second to p. 342. + +As the work is a rarity, owing to an unfortunate accident, some of +your readers may like to see a brief notice of it. Watts (as quoted +by "G." for I have not his portly volumes at hand,) states that the +"whole impression" was "consumed in the fire which took place in Mr. +Nicholls's premises in 1808." This was a mistake, as my extant copy +establishes; and _Restituta_ (iii. 451.) informs us that _four_ were +saved. Of the history of my own impression I know nothing beyond the +fact, that I paid a very high price for it some twenty years since, +at an auction; but the late Mr. Grenville had another copy, which I +had an opportunity of seeing, and which had belonged to T. Park, and +had been sent to him by Dr. Percy for the advantage of his notes and +remarks. This, I presume, is now in the British Museum; whither it +came with the rest of Mr. Grenville's books, four or five years ago. + +The "Songs and Sonnets" of Surrey occupy only the first forty pages of +vol. i.; then follow "Songs and sonnets" by Sir Thomas Wyat to p. 111. +inclusive; and they are succeeded by poems "of uncertain authors," +which occupy the rest of the the first volume. The second volume +begins with "The Seconde Boke of Virgiles Ænæis," filling thirty +pages; while "the Fourth Boke" ends at p. 57., with the imprint of R. +Tottell, and the date of 1557. "Ecclesiastes and Certain Psalms by +by Henry Earl of Surrey," which are "from ancient MSS. never before +imprinted," close at p. 81. "Certayne Psalmes chosen out of the +Psalter of David," consisting of the seven penitential psalms, with +the imprint of Thomas Raynald and John Harrington," fill thirty pages; +and to them is added "Sir Thomas Wyat's Defence," from the Strawberry +Hill edition; which, with a few appended notes, carries the work on to +p. 141. + +A new title-page, at which we now arrive, shows us the intention of +Dr. Percy, and the object at which he had all along aimed: it runs +thus:--"Poems in Bland Verse (not Dramatique) prior to Milton's +_Paradise Lost._ Subsequent to Lord Surrey's in this Volume, and to +N.G.'s in the preceding." In truth, Dr. Percy was making a collection +in the two volumes of all the English undramatic blank verse he could +discover, prior to the publication of Milton's great poem. He was +guilty of some important omissions, because bibliographical knowledge +was not then as far advanced as at present, but he performed good +service to letters as far as he was able to go; and the blank verse +productions he subjoins are by George Tubervile, George Gascoigne, +Barnabie Riche, George Peele, James Aske, William Vallans, Nicholas +Breton, George Chapman, and Christopher Marlow. These occupy from p. +342. of vol. ii. + +This list might now be considerably increased; but my present business +is only to answer the Query of "G.," as to the nature and contents +of the work. It has been said, I know not on what authority, that +Steevens assisted Percy in preparing and printing it. I apprehend that +the aid given by Steevens consisted solely in recommending the Bishop +to procure certain rare productions which would contribute to the +purpose. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + +May 7, 1850. + + [To this we may add, that about 1767, when Bishop Percy + printed these twenty-five sheets of poems of Lord Surrey and + the Duke of Buckingham, it appears by a letter of the Bishop + to Horace Walpole, that he presented a copy of them to + Walpole, with a request for information about Lord Surrey. The + Bishop never wrote the Life of Surrey; and in 1808 the whole + impression was burnt, with the exception of a copy or two that + the Bishop had given to his friends. In the letter to Walpole + the Bishop says, "A few more leaves will complete that book, + which with the second and Dr. Surrey's Songs and Sonnets, &c. + will be sufficient for the book."] + + * * * * * + +SYMBOLS OF THE FOUR EVANGELISTS. + +Horne, in his _Introduction_, vol. iv. p. 254., says that Irenæus was +the first to discover the analogy between the four animals mentioned +by Ezekiel (i. 5. 10.) and the four Evangelists, which gave rise to +the well-known paintings of these latter. He quotes from _Iren. adv. +Hoer._ lib. iii. cap. 11.:-- + + "The first living creature, which is like a lion, signifies + Christ's efficacy, principality, and regality, viz. John; the + second, like a calf, denotes His sacerdotal order, viz. Luke; + the third, having as it were, a man's face, describes His + coming in the flesh as man, viz. Matthew; and the fourth, like + a flying eagle, manifests the grace of the Spirit flying into + the Church, viz. Mark." +There is also an interesting passage in _Dionys Carthus. in Apocal. +Enarr._ iv. 7., from which the following is an extract:-- + + "Although the above exposition of Gregorius, in which by the + man in meant Matthew, by the calf Luke, &c., be the common + one, yet other holy men have held a different opinion, for as + Bede relates on this point, Augustine understood by the lion + Matthew, because in the beginning of his Gospel he describes + the _royal_ descent of Christ; by the calf he also understood + Luke, because he wrote of the _priestly_ descent of Our Lord; + by the man Mark, because he omits the question of Christ's + birth, and confines himself more especially to describing + His acts as a _man_; by the eagle, _all_ understand John, on + account of the sublimity to which his Gospel soars. Others + again understand by the lion Matthew; by the calf Mark, + on account of the simplicity of his style; and by the man + Luke, because he has more fully treated of Christ's _human_ + generation." + +Would "JARLZBERG" kindly favour me with a reference to his interesting +anecdote of the lion's whelps? + +J. EASTWOOD. + +Ecclesfield, May 9. 1850. + + * * * * * + +Your correspondent "JARLZBERG" (No. 24. p. 385.) inquires for the +origin of the Evangelistic symbols. The four living creatures, in +Ezekiel, i. 10., and Revelations, iv. 7., were interpreted from +the earliest times to represent the four Gospels. Why the angel is +attributed to St. Matthew, the lion to St. Mark, and so on, is another +question: but their order in Ezekiel corresponds with the order of +the Gospels as we have them. Durandus would probably furnish some +information. The fabulous legend of the lion savours of a later +origin. Some valuable remarks on the subject, and a list of references +to early writers, will be found in Dr. Wordsworth's _Lectures on the +Canon of Scripture_ (Lect. VI. p. 151.), and his _Lectures on the +Apocalypse_ (Lect. IV. pp. 116, 117.) + +C.R.M. + + * * * * * + +_Symbols of the Evangelists_ (No. 24. p. 385.).--The symbols of the +four Evangelists are treated of by J. Williams, _Thoughts on the Study +of the Gospels_, p. 5--22. Lond. 1842. + +M. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + +With regard to the symbols of the four Evangelists, "JARLZBERG" may +consult a Sermon by Boys on the portion of Scripture appointed for the +Epistle for Trinity-Sunday. (_Works_, p. 355. Lond. 1622.) + +R.G. + + [To these Replies we will only add a reference to Mrs. + Jameson's interesting and beautiful volume on _Sacred and + Legendary Art_, vol. i. p. 98., _et seq._, and the following + Latin quatrain:-- + + "Quatuor hæc Dominum signant animalia Christum, + Est _Homo_ nascendo, _Vitulus_que sacer moriendo, + Et _Leo_ surgendo, coelos _Aquila_ que petendo; + Nec minus hos scribas animalia et ipsa figurant."] + + * * * * * + +COMPLEXION. + +_Complexion_ is usually (and I think universally) employed to express +the _tint of the skin_; and the hair and eyes are spoken of separately +when the occasion demands a specific reference to them. "NEMO" +(No. 22. p. 352.), moreover, seems to confound the terms "white" +and "fair," between the meanings of which there is considerable +difference. A white skin is not fair, nor a fair skin white. There +is no close approach of one to the other; and indeed we never see a +white complexion, except the chalked faces in a Christmas of Easter +Pantomime, or in front of Richardson's booth at Greenwich or Charlton +Fair. A contemplation of these would tell us what the "human face +divine" would become, were we any of us truly _white-skinned_. + +The skin diverges in tint from the white, in one direction towards the +yellow, and in another towards the red or pink; whilst sometimes we +witness a seeming tinge of blue,--characteristic of asphyxia, cholera, +or some other disease. We often see a mixture of red and yellow (the +yellow predominating) in persons subject to bilious complaints; and +not unfrequently a mixture of all three, forming what the painters +call a "neutral tint," and which is more commonly called "an olive +complexion." + +The negro skin is black; that is, it does not separate the sun's light +into the elementary colours. When, by the admixture of the coloured +races with the negro, we find coloured skins, they _always_ tend to +the yellow, as in the various mulatto shades of the West Indies, and +especially in the Southern States of America; and the same is true of +the "half-castes" of British India, though with a distinct darkness or +blackness, which the descendant of the negro does not generally show. + +Though I have, in accordance with the usual language of philosophers, +spoken of _blue_ as an element in the colour of the skin, I have some +doubt whether it be a "true blue" or not. It is quite as likely +to arise from a partial participation in the quality of the negro +skin--that of absorbing a large portion of the light without any +analysis whatever. This may be called _darkness_. + +However, to return to the Query: the term _pale_ is applied to the +yellow-tinted skin; _fair_, to the red or pink; _brown_, to the +mixture of red and yellow, with either blue or such darkness as +above described; _sallow_, to yellow and darkness; and the only close +approach to _whiteness_ that we ever see, is in the sick room of the +long-suffering fair complexion. In death, this changes to a "blackish +grey," a mixture of white and darkness. + +The _pale_ complexion indicates a thick, hard, dry skin; the _fair_, +a thin and soft one; and all the shades of dark skin render a large +amount of ablution essential to health, comfort, or agreeableness +to others. If any of your readers should feel curious about the +characters of the wearers of these several skins, they must inquire of +Lavater and his disciples. + +D.V.S. + +Home, April 1. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +BALLAD OF DICK AND THE DEVIL. + +Looking over some of your back numbers, I find (No. 11. p. 172.) an +inquiry concerning a ballad with this title. I have never met with it +in print, but remember some lines picked up in nursery days from an +old nurse who was a native of "the dales." These I think have probably +formed a part of this composition. The woman's name was curiously +enough Martha Kendal; and, in all probability, her forebears had +migrated from that place into Yorkshire:-- + + "Robin a devil he sware a vow. + He swore by the _sticks_[2] in hell-- + By the _yelding_ that crackles to mak the _low_[3], + That warms his _namsack_[4] weel. + + "He _leaped_ on his beast, and he rode with heaste, + To _mak_ his black oath good; + 'Twas the Lord's Day, and the folk did pray + And the priest in _can_cel stood. + + "The door was wide, and in does he ride, + In his clanking _gear_ so gay; + A long keen brand he held in his hand, + Our Dickon for to slay. + + "But Dickon goodhap he was not there, + And Robin he rode in vain, + And the men got up that were kneeling in prayer, + To take him by might and main. + + "Rob swung his sword, his steed he spurred, + He plunged right through the thr_a_ng. + But the stout smith Jock, with his old mother's _crutch_[5], + He gave him a _woundy_ bang. + + "So hard he smote the iron pot, + It came down plume and all; + Then with bare head away Robin sped, + And himself was _fit_ to fall. + + "Robin a devil he _way'd_[6] him home, + And if for his foes he seek, + I think that again he will not come + To _late_[7] them in Kendal kirk."[8] + +Y.A.C. + + [2] The unlettered bard has probably confused "styx" with the + kindling, "yelding," of hell-fire. + + [3] Flame. + + [4] I have often wondered what namsac (so pronounced) could + be, but since I have seen the story as told by "H.J.M." it is + evidently "namesake." + + [5] Probably crook in the original, to rhyme with Jock. + + [6] "I way'd me" is yet used in parts of Yorkshire for "I went." + + [7] "To late" is "to seek;" from _lateo_, as if by a confusion + of hiding and seeking.] + + [8] "Kirk" is not a very good rhyme to "seek;" perhaps it should + be "search" and "church".] + + * * * * * + + + + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Cavell_.--In the time of Charles I., a large tract of land lying +south-eastward of Doncaster, called Hatfield Chace, was undertaken to +be drained and made fit for tillage and pasture by one Sir Cornelius +Vermuyden, a celebrated Flemish engineer of that day, and his +partners, or "participants," in the scheme, all or most of them +Dutchmen. The lands drained were said to be "_cavelled and allotted_" +to so and so, and the pieces of land were called "_cavells_." They +were "scottled," or made subject to a tax or assessment for drainage +purposes. Two eminent topographical writers of the present day are +inclined to be of opinion that this word _cavell_ is connected with +the Saxon _gafol_, gavel-tributum--money paid--which we have in +_gavel-kind_ and _gavelage_. One of them, however, suggests that the +word _may_ be only a term used in Holland as applicable to land, and +then introduced by the Dutch at the time of the drainage in question. +I shall be obliged if any of your readers can inform me if the word +"cavell" is so used in Holland, or elsewhere, either as denoting +any particular quantity of land, or land laid under any tax, or +_tributum_, or otherwise. + +J. + + [Our correspondent will find, on referring to Kilian's + _Dictionarium Teutonico-Latino-Gallicum_, that the word + _Kavel_ is used for sors, "sors in divisione bonorum:" and + among other definitions of the verb _Kavelen_, "sorte dividere + terram," which corresponds exactly with his _cavelled and + allotted_.] + + * * * * * + +_Gootet_ (No. 25. p. 397.).--Is not this word a corruption of +_good-tide_, i.e. holiday or festival? In Halliwell's _Archæological +Dictionary_ I find,-- + + "Good-day, a holiday; Staff. + + "Gooddit, shrovetide; North. Shrove Tuesday is called Goodies + Tuesday. + + "Good-time, a festival; Jonson." + +C.W.G. + + * * * * * + +_Salt ad Montem_ (No. 24. p. 384.) _as meaning Money_.--_Salt_ is +an old metaphor for money, cash, pay; derived, says Arbuthnot, from +_salt's_ being part of the pay of the Roman soldiers; hence _salarium, +salary_, and the levying contributions at _Salt_ Hill. Your Querist +will find several explanations of the Eton Montem in the _Gentleman's +Magazine_; and a special account of the ceremony, its origin and +circumstances, in Lyson's _Mag. Brit._ i. 557. + +C. + + * * * * * + +_Pamphlets respecting Ireland_ (No. 24. p. 384.)--I would refer +"I." to No. 6161. in the Catalogue of Stowe Library, sold by Leigh +Sotheby and Co., in January 1849. That lot consisted of two vols. of +twenty-six tracts, 4to. Amongst them is "Gookin, the Author and Case +of Transplanting the Irish in Connaught Vindicated, from Col. R. +Lawrence, 1655." Messrs. Leigh Sotheby will probably be able to inform +the Querist into whose hands these two vols. passed. The lot sold for +the large sum of 4l. 18s. + + * * * * * + +_Pimlico_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--The derivation of this word is explained +from the following passage in a rare (if not unique) tract now before +me, entitled _Newes from Hogsdon_, 1598:-- + + "Have at thee, then, my merrie boyes, and hey for old _Ben + Pimlico's_ nut-browne." + +Pimlico kept a place of entertainment in or near Hoxton, and was +celebrated for his nut-brown ale. The place seems afterwards to have +been called by his name, and is constantly mentioned by our early +dramatists. In 1609 a tract was printed, entitled _Pimlyco, or Runne +Red Cap, 'tis a Mad World at Hogsdon_. Isaac Reed (Dodsley's _Old +Plays_, ed. Collier, vii. 51.) says,-- + + "A place near Chelsea is still called Pimlico, and was + resorted to within these few years, on the same account as the + former at Hogsdon." + +Pimlico is still, I believe, celebrated for its fine ale. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +_Pimlico_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--I see, by a passage in Lord Orrery's +Letters, that there was a place called Pemlicoe in Dublin:-- + + "Brown is fluctuant; he once lay at a woman's house in + Pemlicoe, Dublin." (_Earl of Orrery to Duke of Ormond_, Feb. + 5. 1663, in _Orrery's State Letters_.) + + +This may be of use to "R.H.," who inquires about the origin of +_Pimlico_. _Ranelaugh_, in the same parts, is doubtless also of Irish +origin. + +C.H. + + [Pimlico in Dublin still exists, as will be seen by reference + to Thom's _Irish Almanac_, where we find "Pimlico, from Coombe + to Tripoli."] + + * * * * * + +_Bive and Chute Lambs_ (No. 6. p. 93.).--I do not know whether my +answer to your correspondent's inquiry about _bive_ and chute lambs +will be satisfactory, inasmuch as the price he gives of "_bive_" lambs +"apeece" is larger than the price of the "chute." Twin lambs are still +called _bive_ lambs on the borders of Sussex and Kent; and chute lambs +are fat lambs. + +_Chuet_ is an old word signifying a fat greasy pudding. It is rightly +applied to Falstaff:-- + + "Peace, _chewet_, peace." + +_1st Part K. Hen. IV._ + +WM. DURRANT COOPER. + + * * * * * + +_Latin Names of Towns_.--"M." (No. 25. p. 402.) wishes for some guide +with reference to the Latin names of towns. A great deal of assistance +may be obtained from an octavo volume, published anonymously, and +bearing the title "Dictionnaire Interprète-manuel des Noms Latins +de la Géographie ancienne et moderne; pour servir à l'Intelligence +des Auteurs Latins, principalement des Auteurs Classiques; avec les +Désignations principales des Lieux. Ouvrage utile à ceux qui lisent +les Poëtes, les Historiens, les Martyrologes, les Chartes, les vieux +Actes," &c. &c. A Paris, 1777. + +R.G. + + * * * * * + +_Le Petit Albert_ (No. 24. p. 385.).--I suspect this Petit Albert, +in 32mo.--a size in harmony with the cognomen--is only a catchpenny +publication, to which the title of _Le Petit Albert_ has been given +by way of resembling its name to that of Albertus Magnus, who wrote a +work or works of a character which gave rise, in the middle ages, to +the accusation that he practised magical arts; and hence, probably, +any abridgement or compendium of them, or any little work on such +arts, would be styled by the French compiler _Le Petit Albert_. In +the _Biographie Universelle_, it is affirmed that the rhapsodies +known under the name of _Secrets du Petit Albert_ are not by Albertus +Magnus; a statement which favours the belief that the work mentioned +by your correspondent "JARLZBERG" is one of that vulgar class (like +our old Moore's Almanack, &c.) got up for sale among the superstitious +and the ignorant, and palmed on the world under the mask of a +celebrated name. According to Bayle, Albertus Magnus has, by +some, been termed _Le Petit Albert_, owing, it is said, to the +diminutiveness of his stature, which was on so small a scale, that +when he, on one occasion, paid his respects to the pope, the pontiff +supposed he was still kneeling at his feet after he had risen up and +was standing erect. + +J.M. + +Oxford, April 19. + + [_Of Le Petit Albert_, of which it appears by Grässe's + _Bibliotheca Magica_ there were editions printed at Cologne + in 1722, Lyons 1775, and even at Paris in 1837, we are told + in Colin de Plancy's _Dictionnaire Infernal_, s. v. Albert le + Grand, "On a quelquefois défendu ce livre, et alors il s'est + vendu énormément cher."] + + * * * * * + +_Walter Lynne_ (No. 23. p. 367.).--"G.P." may look for Walter Lynne +into Johnson's _Typographia_, i. 556., of which copies may be had very +reasonably at Mr. Miller's (see end of No. 15.), 43. Chandos Street. + +Your intimation of brevity is attended to; though, in truth, little +more could come from + +NOVUS. + + * * * * * + +_Emancipation of the Jews_ (No. 25. p. 491.).--"H.M.A." inquires--1. +If the story mentioned in the Thurloe State Papers, that the Jews +sought to obtain St. Paul's Cathedral for a Synagogue, has been +confirmed by other writers? In Egan's _Status of the Jews in England_, +I find the following passage:-- + + "Monteith informs us, that during the Commonwealth, overtures + were made on behalf of the Hebrews to the Parliament and + Council of War, through the medium of two popular adherents + of the parliamentarians; the Jews offered to pay for the + privileges then sought by them, the sum of 500,000l.; several + debates took place on the subject, but the _ultimatum_ of the + Puritans being 800,000l., the negotiation was broken off." + +The authorities cited on this point by the learned writer are, +Monteith's _History of Great Britain_, p. 473.; and Thurloe's _State +Papers_, vol. ii. p. 652. + +On reference to Monteith, I find the following passage:-- + + "What is very remarkable in this is, that the Jews, who + crucified the Son of God, by whom Kings reign, took then + occasion of the conjuncture which seemed favourable to them. + They presented a petition to the Council of War, who crucified + Him again in the person of the King, His Vicegerent in the + kingdoms over which God had set him. By their petition, they + requested that the act of their banishment might be repealed + and _that they might have St. Paul's Church for their + synagogue_, for which, _and the library of Oxford_, wherewith + they desired to begin their traffic again, they offered five + hundred thousand pounds, but the Council of War would have + eight."--Monteiths's _Hist. of the Troubles of Great Britain_, + p. 473. + +I conclude that the author of the _Status of the Jews_, by omitting to +notice the alleged desire of the Jews to obtain St. Paul's Cathedral, +considered that the acrimonious statements of Monteith were not borne +out by accredited or unprejudiced authorities; for it is but justice +to state, it has been admitted by some of our most eminent critics, +that Mr. Egan's book on the Jews displays as dispassionate and +impartial a review of their condition in this country as it evinces a +profundity of historical and legal research. + +"H.M.A.'s" second question I am unable to answer, not being +sufficiently versed in the religious dogmas of the Jews. + +B.A. + +Christ Church, Oxford. + + * * * * * + +_Emancipation of the Jews_ (No. 25. p. 401.).--"MR. AUSTEN," who +inquires (p. 401.) about the Jews during the Commonwealth will do +well to refer to a chapter on the Jews in Godwin's _History of +the Commonwealth_, and to Sir Henry Ellis's notes on a remarkable +letter describing a Jewish synagogue in London immediately after the +Restoration, in the second series of his _Letters_; and in these two +places he will, I think, find references to all known passages on the +subject of Cromwell's proceedings as regards the Jews. + +C.H. + + * * * * * + +_As lazy as Ludlum's Dog_ (No. 24. p. 382.).--This proverb is repeated +somewhat differently in _The Doctor, &c._, "As _lazy_ as _Ludlum's_ +dog, as _leaned_ his head against a wall to bark." I venture to +suggest that this is simply one of the large class of alliterative +proverbs so common in every language, and often without meaning. In +Devonshire they say as "Busy as Batty," but no one knows who "Batty" +was. As I have mentioned _The Doctor, &c._, I may was well jot down +two more odd sayings from the same old curiosity-shop:--"As proud as +old COLE's dog which took the wall of a dung-CART, and got CRUSHED by +the wheel." And, "As queer as Dick's hat-band, that went nine times +round his hat and was fastened by a rush at last." + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_St. Winifreda_ (No. 24. p. 384.).--Your Querist will find some +information in Warton's _Hist. Eng. Poetry_, vol. i. p. 14., note, +1824. + +J.M.B. + +Totnes, April 18. 1850. + + * * * * * + +"_Vert Vert_" (No. 23. p. 366.)--It may be of some assistance to your +Querist "ROBERT SNOW," in his endeavour to trace illustrations from +Gresset's "Vert Vert," to know that the mark of RAUX, who is said to +have painted these subjects, was composed of ten small ciphers; seven +of which were placed in a circle: the other three formed a tail, + o o + o o +thus, o o something like the Roman capital Q. This artist, + o o o o +between the years 1750 and 1800, was employed in the decoration of +the Sèvres porcelain: his usual subjects were bouquets or groups +of flowers; and his mark will be found underneath the double L, +interlaced, inclosing some capital letter or letters denoting the year +such ware was manufactured. + +W.C. Jun. + + * * * * * + +"_Esquire_" _and_ "_Gentleman_."--The amusing article in No. 27., on +the title of "Esquire," recalled to my memory the resolution passed by +the corporation of Stratford-on-Avon, when they presented the freedom +of that town to Garrick. It runs something like this:-- + + "Through love and regard to the memory of the immortal + _Mr._ William Shakspeare, and being fully sensible of the + extraordinary merits of his most judicious representative, + David Garrick, _Esquire_." + +Had David a better right to the title than the great poet? +Shakespeare, in the latter part of his life, was no doubt _Master +Shakspeare_, a title so common as even to be bestowed upon the +geometer of Alexandria. In Bayford's collection is preserved a +Catalogue advertising "_Master_ Euclid's Elements of Plain Geometry." + +J.O. HALLIWELL. + + * * * * * + +_Pope Felix and Pope Gregory_.--"E.M.B." (No. 26. p. 415.) inquires +who was "Pope Felix," whom Ælfric called the "fifth father" of S. +Gregory the Great? This is a much disputed question, and a great +deal depends upon the meaning to be attached to the unsatisfactory +expression "atavus," used by Pope Gregory himself, in _Evangel. Hom._ +xxxviii. § 15., and found also in the dialogues commonly attributed to +him. (Lib. iv. cap. xvi.) Your correspondent may consult Beda, _Hist. +Eccl. Gen. Anglor._, lib. ii. cap. 1., with the note by Mr. Stevenson, +who supposes that Pope Felix _III._ was alluded to by his "venerable" +author: This is the opinion of Bollandus (ad 25 Feb.), as well as of +Cardinal Baronius; (_Annall._ ad an. 581; _et Martyrol. Rom._ die Feb. +25. Conf. De Aste, in _Martyrolog. Disceptat._, p. 96.; Beneventi, +1716); but Joannes Diaconus (_S. Greg. Vit._ lib. i. cap. i.) employs +these decisive terms, "_quartus_ Felix, sedis Apostolicæ Pontifex." It +is of course possible to translate "atavus meus" merely "my ancestor;" +and this will leave the relationship sufficiently undefined. + +R.G. + + * * * * * + +_Love's last Shift_ (No. 24. p. 383).--"The Duchess of Bolton +(natural daughter of the Duke of Monmouth) used to divert George I. +by affecting to make blunders. Once when she had been at the play +of _Love's last Shift_, she called it '_La dernière chemise_ de +l'amour.'"--_Walpoliana_, xxx. + +C. + + * * * * * + +_Quem Deus vult perdere_ (No. 22, p. 351., and No. 26, p. +421.).--"C.J.R." having pointed out a presumed imitation of this +thought, it may not be impertinent to observe, that Dryden also has +adopted the sentiment in the following lines:-- + + "For those whom God to ruin has designed, + He fits for fate, and first destroys their mind." + +_Hind and Panther_, part 3. + +G.S. FABER. + + * * * * * + +_Dayrolles_ (No. 23. p. 373).--The following information is appended +to a description of the _Dayrolles Correspondence_, in 21 folio vols. +in the Catalogue of Mr. Upcott's Collection, sold by Messrs. Evans a +few years ago:-- + +_Note copied from the Catalogue of Manuscripts, &c., belonging to the +late Mr. Upcott._ + +"James Dayrolles was resident at the Hague from 1717 to his death, 2nd +January, 1739. + +"Solomon Dayrolles, his nephew, commenced his diplomatic career under +James, first Earl of Waldegrave, when that nobleman was ambassador +at Vienna. He was godson of Philip, the distinguished Earl of +Chesterfield, and was sworn a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to George +II., 27th Feb. 1740, in the room of Sir Philip Parker, long deceased, +and on the accession of George III. was again appointed, 5th February, +1761. + +"In 1745, being at that time secretary to Lord Chesterfield, in +Holland, Mr. Dayrolles was nominated to be secretary to his lordship +at Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. + +"In May, 1747, he was promoted to be President in the United +Provinces; and in November, 1751, Resident at Brussels, where he +continued till August, 1757. He died in March, 1786." + +J.T.C. + + * * * * * + +_Solomon Dayrolles_.-- + + "24th Dec. 1786. Married Baron de Reidezel, aid-de-camp to the + Duke of Wirtemberg, to Miss Dayrolles, 2d dau. of _the late + Solomon Dayrolles_ of Hanover Square."--_Gent. Mag._ v. _56_, + p. 1146. + +Probably Mr. Dayrolles' death may be recorded in the register of St. +George's. + +B. + + * * * * * + +_Emerods_ (No. 18. p. 282.) pro _hæmorrhoids_. "Golden emerods" would +be an absurdity if _emerod_ meant "emerald." "The Philistines made +golden emerods," i.e. golden images of hæmorrhoids (diseased veins), +in commemoration of being delivered from plagues, of which such states +of disease were concomitant signs. + +TREBOR. + + * * * * * + +_Military Execution_ (No. 16. p. 246.).--Your correspondent "MELANION" +is informed that the anecdote refers to Murat, and the author of the +sentiment is Lord Byron. See _Byron's Poems_, Murray's edit. 1 vol. +8vo. p. 561., note 4. + +C. + + * * * * * + +"_M. or N._" (No. 26. p. 415.)--I do not think that "M. or N." are +used as the initials of any particular words; they are the middle +letters of the alphabet, and, at the time the Prayer Book was +compiled, it seems to have been the fashion to employ them in the way +in which we now use the first two. There are only two offices, the +Catechism and the Solemnisation of Matrimony, in which more than one +letter is used. In the former, the answer to the first question has +always stood "N. or M." In the office of Matrimony, however, in Edward +the Sixth's Prayer Books, both the man and woman are designated by +the letter N--"I, N., take thee, N., to my wedded wife;" whilst in +our present book M. is applied to the man and N. to the woman. The +adoption of one letter, and the subsequent substitution of another, in +this service, evidently for the sake of a more clear distinction only, +sufficiently shows that no particular name or word was intended by +either. Possibly some future "J.C." may inquire of what words the +letters "A.B.," which our legislators are so fond of using in their +Acts of Parliament, are the initials. + +ARUN. + + * * * * * + +"_M. or N._" (No. 26, p. 415.).--"M." and "N.," and particularly "N.," +are still in frequent use in France for _quidam_ or _quædam_; so also +is X. We read every day of Monsieur N. or Madame X., where they wish +to suppress the name. + +C. + + * * * * * + +_Sapcote Motto_ (No. 23. p. 366.).--This motto is known to be French, +and as far as it can be decyphered is-- + + "sco toot X vinic [or umic] + X pones," + +the first and last letters _s_ being possibly flourishes. This +certainly seems unpromising enough. The name being Sapcote, _quasi_ +Sub-cote, and the arms "three dove-cotes," I venture to conjecture +"Sous cote unissons," as not very far from the letters given. If it be +objected that the word "cote" is not in use in this sense, it may be +remarked that French, "After the scole of Stratford atte bowe," might +borrow such a meaning to suit the sound, from "côte," in the sense of +a side or declivity. And if the objection is fatal to the conjecture, +I would then propose "Sous toit unissons." If we reject the supposed +flourishes at the beginning and ending of the inscription, and take it +to be-- + + CO TOOT VNIC + CONC, + +the c being a well-known ancient form of s, there is a difference of +only one letter between the inscription as decyphered and the proposed +motto. + +If either of these is adopted, the sentiment of family union and +family gathering, "As doves to their windows," is well adapted for a +family device. + +T.C. + +Durham, May 2. 1850. + + * * * * * + +_Finkle or Finkel_ (No. 24. p. 384.).--Is not "Finkle" very probably +derived from _Finc_, a finch, in the A.-S.? _Fingle_ Bridge, which +spans the river Teign, amidst some most romantic scenery, has the +following etymology assigned to it by a local antiquary, W.T.P. Short, +Esq. (vide _Essay on Druidical Remains in Devon_, p. 26.): "_Fyn_, +a terminus or boundary; and _Gelli_, hazel, the hazeltree limits or +boundary." But, Query, is not the second syllable rather _Gill_, akin +to the numerous tribe of "gills" or "ghylls," in the North Countrie? + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_Meaning of Finkle._--Referring to No. 24. p. 384. of your most +welcome and useful publication, will you allow me to say, touching +the inquiry as to the derivation and meaning of the word "Finkle" or +"Finkel" as applied to a street, that the Danish word "Vincle" applied +to an angle or corner, is perhaps a more satisfactory derivation than +"fynkylsede, _feniculum_," the meaning suggested by your correspondent +"L." in No. 26. p. 419. It is in towns where there are traces of +Danish occupation that a "Finkle Street" is found; at least many of +the northern towns which have a street so designated were inhabited by +the Danish people, and some of those streets are winding or angular. +Finchale, a place, as you know, of fame in monastic annals, is a +green secluded spot, half insulated by a bend of the river Wear; and +Godric's Garth, the adjacent locality of the hermitage of its famous +saint, is of an angular form. But then the place is mentioned, by the +name of Finchale, as the scene of occurrences that long preceded the +coming of the Danes; and the second syllable may be derived from the +Saxon "alh" or "healh," as the place was distinguished for a building +there in Saxon times. + +W.S.G. + +Newcastle, May 4. 1850. + + * * * * * + +Your correspondent "W.M." ("_Finkel._" p. 384.) may not have +recollected that there is a beautiful ruin on the river Wear near +Durham, of which the name is pronounced (though not spelt) _Finkel_ +Abbey. + + * * * * * + +_Christian Captives_ (No. 27. p. 441.).--As a very small contribution +towards an answer to "R.W.B.'s" inquiry, I may inform you that Lady +Russell mentions in her _Letters_ (p. 338., ed. 1792) that Sir William +Coventry left by his will 3000l. to redeem slaves. + +C.H. + + * * * * * + +_Christian Captives_ (No. 27. p. 441.).--"R.W.B." may be referred to +the case of "Attorney-General _v._ the Ironmongers' Company," which +was a suit for the administration of a fund bequeathed for the +redemption of the captives. See 2 _Mylne & Keen_, 576.; 2 _Beavan_, +313., 10 _Beavan_, 194.; and 1 _Craig & Philips_, 208.: all of which I +mention to be Reports in Chancery, in case he be not a lawyer. + +A.J.H. + + * * * * * + +_Ecclesiastical Year_ (No. 24. p. 381.).--"NATHAN" is informed, that, +according to the legal supputation, until A.D. 1752, the year of Our +Lord in that part of Great Britain called England, began on the 25th +day of March, as he will find stated in the 24 Geo. II. c. 23., by +which Act it was enacted, that the 1st day of January next following +the last day of December, 1751, should be the first day of the year +1752; and that the 1st day of January in every year in time to come +should be the first day of the year. + +Philippe de Thaun, in his _Livre des Créatures_, which was written in +the first half of the twelfth century, p. 48. of the edition published +for the Historical Society of Science, has some remarks which may +interest your correspondent, that are thus literally translated by Mr. +Wright:-- + + "In March, the year ought always to begin, + According to that explanation which we find in the book, + That in the twelve kalends of April, as your understand, + Our Creator formed the first, + Where the sun always will begin his course, + But at all times we make the year begin in January, + Because the Romans did so first; + We will not un-make what the elders did." + +ARUN. + + * * * * * + +_Hanap._--Among the specimens of ancient and mediæval art now +exhibiting in John Street, Adelphi, I was struck with the number of +gilt cups, called in the catalogue _hanaps_. The word was new to +me; but I have since met with it (as frequently happens after one's +interest has been excited with respect to a word) in Walter Scott's +_Quentin Durward_, in vol. i. chap. 3.; or rather, vol. xxxi. p. 60. +of the edition in 48 vols., Cadell, 1831; in which place the context +of the scene appears to connect the idea of _hanap_ with a cup +containing treasure. + +Now I cannot find _hanap_ in any dictionary to which I have access; +but I find _hanaper_ in every one. Johnson, and others, give the word +_Hanaper_ as synonymous with _treasury_ or _exchequer_. They also +contract _Hanaper_ into _Hamper_. For example, in Dyche's _English +Dictionary_, 17th ed. Lond. 1794, we have,-- + + "_Hamper_, or _Hanaper_, a wicker basket made with a cover to + fasten it up with; also, an office in Chancery; the clerk or + warden of the _Hanaper_ receives all monies due to the king + for seals of charters, &c.... and takes into his custody all + sealed charters, patents, &c.,... which he now puts into bags, + but anciently, it is supposed, into _Hampers_, which gave the + denomination to the office." + +And perhaps it may be remarked here, since we commonly say of a man +in difficulties that he is "exchequered" or in "chancery," that so we +probably intend to express the same, when we say a man is _hanapered_, +or _hampered_. + +Thus, there is no difficulty about the meaning of _Hanaper_; and +its connection with _treasure_ is plain and clear enough: and, with +respect to _cups_, though chiefly used for drinking, the presentation +of them with sums of money in them has ever been, and indeed is, +so very customary, that it is needless to occupy space here with +instances. But I cannot distinctly connect the _hanap_ of the +exhibition with _hanaper_: and I perhaps ought to look in another +direction for its true signification and etymology. + +ROBERT SNOW. + + [Our correspondents who have written upon the subject of Hanap + are referred to Halliwell's _Archaic Dictionary_, where they + will find "HANAP, a cup. _Test. Vet._ p. 99.;" to Ducange, + s.v. "HANAPUS, HANAPPUS, HANAPHUS, vas, patera, crater, (Vas + ansatum et pede instructum, quo a poculo distinguitur), ex + Saxonico _Hnaep_, _Hnaeppa_, Germ. _Napf_, calix patera;" + and to Guenebault, _Dict. Iconographique des Monuments_, who + refers again for particulars of this species of drinking cup + to the works of Soumerard and Willemin.] + + * * * * * + +_Life of W. Godwin._--"N.'s" inquiry (No. 26. p. 415.) for an account +of the life of W. Godwin, and more particularly of his last hours, +leads me to express hope in your columns that the memoirs of Godwin, +which were announced for publication shortly after his death, but +which family disputes, as I have understood, prevented from appearing, +may not much longer be denied to the public. I am not aware of any +better account of Godwin's life, to which "N." can now be referred, +than the sketch in the _Penny Cyclopædia_. + +CH. + + * * * * * + +_Charles II. and Lord R.'s Daughter.--Earl of Ranelagh._--Since I +inquired in your columns (No. 25. p. 399.) who was the lady mentioned +in a passage of Henry Sidney's _Diary_, edited by Mr. Blencowe, as +Lord R.'s daughter, and a new mistress of Charles II., who in March +1680 brought Monmouth to the King for reconciliation, I have, by +Mr. Blencowe's kindness, seen the original _Diary_, which is in +the possession of the Earl of Chichester. The name of the nobleman +is there abbreviated: the letters appear to be _Rane._, and it is +probably Lord Ranelagh who is intended. I do not remember any other +notice of this amour of Charles II., and should be glad to be referred +to any other information on the subject. Charles II.'s mistresses are +political characters; and in this notice of Lord R.'s daughter, we +find her meddling in state affairs. + +I do not know whether this lady, if indeed a daughter of a Lord +Ranelagh, would be the daughter or sister of the Lord Ranelagh living +in 1680, who was the first Earl of Ranelagh and third Viscount, and +who is described by Burnet as a very able and very dissolute man, and +a great favourite of Charles II. (_Hist. of his own Time_, i. 462., +ii. 99., ed. 1823); and who, having held the office of Vice-Treasurer +in Ireland during three reigns, was turned out of it in disgrace +in 1703. He died in 1711, leaving no son, but three daughters, one +of whom was unmarried; he was the last, as well as first, Earl of +Ranelagh. The elder title of Viscount went to a cousin, and still +exists. + +CH. + + * * * * * + + + + +MISCELLANIES. + + +_Dr. Sclater's Works._--Books written by W. Sclater, D.D., omitted in +Wood's _Ath. Oxon._ edit. Bliss. vol. iii. col. 228.:-- + +"A Threefold Preseruatiue against three dangerous diseases of these +latter times:-- + +"1. Non-proficiency in Grace. + +"2. Fals-hearted Hypocrisie. + +"3. Back-sliding in Religion. + +"Prescribed in a Sermon at S. Paul's Crosse in London, September 17, +1609. London. 1610." 4to. Ded. to "Master Iohn Colles, Esquire," from +which it seems that Sclater had been presented to his living by the +father of this gentleman. The Ser. is on Heb. vi. 4-6. + +"A Sermon preached at the last generall Assise holden for the County +of Somerset at Taunton. London, 1616." 8vo. On Ps. lxxxii. 6, 7. Ded. +to "John Colles, Esq., High Sheriffe of Sommerset." + +"Three Sermons preached by William Sclater, Doctor of Diuinity, and +Minister of the Word of God at Pitmister [sic] in Sommersetshire. Now +published by his Sonne of King's Colledge in Cambridge. London, 1629." +4to. On 1 Pet. ii. 11., 2 Kings, ix. 31., and Heb. ix. 27, 28. The +last is a funeral Sermon for John Colles, Esq., preached in 1607. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + + * * * * * + +_Runes._--Worsäae (_Primeval Antiquities of Denmark_, 1849) mentions +that inscriptions are found in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, written in +different languages in _Runic character_. He also mentions the fact of +a Pagan Runic inscription occurring at Jellinge, Denmark, on the tomb +of old King Gorm, A.D. c. 900, found in a huge barrow; and, at the +same place, a Christian Runic inscription on the tomb of his son +Harold. Has this inquiry been extended to British Runes, and might +it not throw much light upon many monuments of dates prior to the +Conquest? Crossed slabs with Runes have been found at Hartlepool, +Durham; have the inscriptions been read? (Boutell's _Christian +Monuments_, p. 3.; Cutt's _Manual of Sepulchral Slabs_, pp. 52. 60. +plate III.) + + * * * * * + + + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + + +The _Nibelungenlied_, which has been aptly designated the German +Iliad, has hitherto been a sealed book to the mere English reader. Mr. +Lettsom has however just published a most successful translation of it +under the title of _The Fall of the Nibelungers_. Few will rise from +a perusal of the English version of this great national epic--which +in its present form is a work of the thirteenth century--without being +struck with the innate power and character of the original poem; and +without feeling grateful to Mr. Lettsom for furnishing them with so +pleasing and spirited a version of it. + +Captain Curling, Clerk of the Cheque of what was formerly designated +the Band of Gentleman Pensioners, has, under the influence of a +laudable _esprit de corps_, combined the disjointed materials which +Pegge had collected upon the subject with the fruits of his own +researches; and, under the title of _Some Account of the Ancient +Corp of Gentlemen-at-Arms_, has produced a volume of great interest +doubtless to his "brothers in arms," and containing some curious +illustrations of court ceremonial.[9] + +Mr. Timbs, the editor of _The Year-Book of Facts_, &c., announces for +early publication a work on which he has been engaged for some time, +entitled _Curiosities of London_. It will, we believe, be altogether +of a different character from Mr. Cunningham's _Handbook_, and treat +rather of present London and its amusements than those of historical +and literary associations which give a charm to Mr. Cunningham's +volume. + +We are glad to find that the most mysterious and mystified portion +of the Greek Geometry is likely to receive at last a complete +elucidation--we mean the "Porisms." There are so many questions +arising out of this subject, respecting the development of the Grecian +intellect, that a full discussion of them is no easy task; especially +of those arising out of the conflicting testimonies furnished by +history, and by the internal evidences contained in the existing works +of the "fathers of Geometry." We certainly anticipate, from the known +character of the minds now engaged in this work, that some conclusive +evidence as to the state of geometry anterior to the time of Euclid +will be elicited by Messrs. Potts and Davies. The analysis of the +writings of all the authors who have treated on the Porism, will form +a subject of interest not only for its assigning to every author his +fair share of credit for his contributions towards perfecting the +poristic method; but for that _critical discrimination of principles_, +which constitutes one of the marked features of Mr. Davies's writings +in the archæology of geometry. We shall be glad if his slight +notice of the intended work shall bring some accession of aid to the +undertaking in the form of subscriptions: as upon adequate support, +it appears, must depend whether the work shall go to press, or the +project be abandoned. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Thomas Thorpe's (13. +Henrietta Street) General Catalogue of very Choice, Curious, Rare, +and most Interesting Books recently purchased, including some hundred +articles of the utmost rarity. Williams and Norgate's (14. Henrietta +Street) No. 24. of German Book Circular, a Quarterly List of the +principal New Publications on the Continent; C.J. Stewart's (11. King +William Street, West Strand) Catalogue of Dogmatical, Polemical, and +Ascetical Theology. + + [9] We find at page 200, an Order of the Council, dated Dec. 5. + 1737, respecting the disposition of the band at the funeral of Queen + Caroline, signed by "TEMPLE STANYAN," the subject of a Query in + No. 24. p. 382., and of several Replies in our last, No. 28. p. 460. + + * * * * * + + WANTED.--MANUSCRIPT OF OLD ENGLISH POETRY.--Borrowed, within + the last few months, from the Town Residence of a Gentleman, + a large 4to. MS., in modern binding, of Early English Poetry, + by Richard Rolle, of Hampole; containing, among other matters, + Religious Pieces couched in the form of Legal Instruments, and + a Metrical Chronicle of the Kings of England, in the style + of Lydgate's. As the owner does not recollect to whom it was + lent, and is very anxious to refer to it, he will be obliged + by its immediate return, either to himself directly, or, if + more convenient, to the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + +THE DOCTRINE OF CONSCIENCE FRAMED ACCORDING TO THE FORM IN THE COMMON +PRAYER BOOK. by Y.N., London. 1636, 8vo., written by John Prideaux, +Lord Bishop of Worcester. + +_Odd Volume_. + +ARMY LIST for August 1814. + + * * * * * + +NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_Our pages again exhibit a large proportion of_ REPLIES. _Our next +Number, which will complete our First Volume, will do the same, as +it is obviously for the convenience of our readers that the_ REPLIES +_should, as far as possible, appear in the same Volume with the_ +QUERIES _to which they relate_. + + * * * * * + +13. Great Marlborough Street + +MR. COLBURN + +HAS JUST PUBLISHED THE FOLLOWING + +VALUABLE & INTERESTING WORKS. + + * * * * * + +I. + +BURKE'S PEERAGE and BARONETAGE for 1850. New Edition, revised +and corrected throughout, from the personal communications of the +Nobility, &c. 1 vol. royal 8vo., beautifully printed in double +columns (comprising as much matter as 20 ordinary volumes), with 1500 +Engravings of Arms, &c., bound, 1l. 18s. + +II. + +BURKE'S HISTORY of the LANDED GENTRY for 1850, corrected to the +Present Time: a Genealogical Dictionary of the whole of the Untitled +Aristocracy of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and comprising +particulars of 100,000 persons connected with them. 2 vols. royal +8vo., including the SUPPLEMENT (equal to 30 ordinary volumes), bound, +2l. 2s. + +III. + +EVELYN'S DIARY and CORRESPONDENCE. New and cheaper Edition, revised, +with numerous additional Notes, 4 vols. post 8vo., with Illustrations +(Vols. I. and II., comprising the Diary, are now ready). Price of each +volume, 10s. 6d. + +IV. + +PEPYS' DIARY and CORRESPONDENCE, illustrative of the Reigns of Charles +II. and JAMES II. Edited by LORD BRAYBROOKE. New and revised Edition, +with the omitted Passages restored from the original MS., many +additional Notes, &c. 5 vols. post 8vo., with Portraits, &c., 2l. 12s. +6d. + +V. + +LIVES of the PRINCESSES of ENGLAND. By Mrs. EVERETT GREEN, Editor of +the "Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies." 2 vols. post 8vo., with +Illustrations, bound, 1l. 1s. + +VI. + +NOTES from NINEVEH, and TRAVELS in MESOPOTAMIA, ASSYRIA, and SYRIA. By +the Rev. J.P. FLETCHER, Minister of St. Saviour's Church, Haverstock +Hill, 2 vols. 21s. + + "A work of great merit; not less acceptable as a book of + travel than valuable as an auxiliary to the archæology of the + Holy Scriptures."--_Standard_. + +VII. + +MADAME PULSZKY'S MEMOIRS; with interesting Details of the LATE EVENTS +in HUNGARY. Dedicated to the Marchioness of Lansdowne. 2 vols, 21s. +bound. + + "Worthy of a place by the side of the Memoirs of Madame de + Stael and Madame Campan."--_Globe_. + +ALSO, JUST PUBLISHED, + +A SECOND EDITION of Mr. WARBURTON's REGINALD HASTINGS: an Historical +Romance. + +Revised, with a new Preface. 3 vols. + + "As an historical romancist, Mr. Warburton takes a first + wrangler's rank."--_Literary Gazette_. + + * * * * * + +DR. WORDSWORTH ON CHURCH QUESTIONS OF THE DAY. + +Now ready, in 8vo., price 8s., in cloth, + +OCCASIONAL SERMONS, preached at Westminster Abbey, in March and April +1850. By CHRISTOPHER WORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster. + +These Sermons may be had separately, price 1s. each, as follows:-- + +Just published, + +No. VII. The CHURCH of ENGLAND in 1711 and 1850. + +No. VIII. The CHURCH of ENGLAND and the CHURCH of ROME in 1850. +CONCLUSION. + +Just reprinted, + +Nos. IV., V., and VI., an INQUIRY--Whether the BAPTISMAL OFFICES of +the CHURCH of ENGLAND may be interpreted in a CALVINISTIC SENSE?--No. +III. The DOCTRINE of BAPTISM with reference to the Opinion of +PREVENIENT GRACE.--No. II. On PLEAS alleged for SEPARATION from the +CHURCH.--No. 1. COUNSELS and CONSOLATIONS in TIMES of HERESY and +SCHISM. + +RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for Publication by Subscription, price 10s. + +A TRANSLATION OF + +DR. SIMSON'S RESTORATION of EUCLID'S PORISMS. With Notes by ROBERT +POTTS, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge; with Historical Geometrical, +and Analytical Dissertations and Illustrations, by T.S. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries No. 29, Saturday, May 18, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 28, 2005 [EBook #15197] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES NO. 29, *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, +William Flis, and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page465" + id="page465"></a>{465}</span> + + <h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + + <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, + ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN + CUTTLE.</h3> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table summary="masthead" + width="100%"> + <tr> + <td align="left" + width="25%"><b>No. 29.</b></td> + + <td align="center" + width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, MAY 18. 1850.</b></td> + + <td align="right" + width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> + Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table summary="contents" + align="center" + width="80%"> + <tr> + <td align="left" + colspan="2">NOTES:—</td> + + <td>Page</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td> </td> + + <td align="left">Oliver Cromwell as a Feoffee of + Parson's Charity, Ely</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page465">465</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Dr. Parr and Dr. John Taylor</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page466">466</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Provincial Words</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page467">467</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Folk Lore:—Death Bed + Superstition—May Marriages—Throwing old + Shoes—Sir Thomas Boleyn's Spectre—Shuck the + Dog-fiend</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page467">467</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left" + colspan="2">QUERIES:—</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Numismatic Queries</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page468">468</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Queries Proposed, No. 2., by Bolton + Corney</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page469">469</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Authors who have privately printed, by + E.F. Rimbault</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page469">469</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Minor Queries:—Seager a + Painter—Marlow's Autograph—MS. Diary of the + Convention Parliament of 1660—Etymology of + Totnes—Dr. Maginn—Poor Robin's + Almanack—The Camp in Bulstrode Park</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page469">469</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left" + colspan="2">REPLIES:—</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Dr. Percy and the Poems of the Earl of + Surrey by J Payne Collier</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page471">471</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Symbols of the Four Evangelists</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page471">471</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Complexion</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page472">472</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Ballad of Dick and the Devil</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page473">473</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Replies to Minor + Queries:—Cavell—Gootet—Christian + Captives—Pamphlets respecting + Ireland—Pimlico—Bive and Chute + Lambs—Latin Names of Towns—Le Petit + Albert—Walker Lynne—Emancipation of the + Jews—As lazy as Ludlum's Dog—St. + Winifreda—Vert Vert—"Esquire" and + "Gentleman"—Pope Felix and Pope + Gregory—Love's last Shift—Quem + Deus—Dayrolles—Emerods—Military + Execution—"M. or N."—Sapcote + Motto—Finkle &c.</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page473">473</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left" + colspan="2">MISCELLANIES:—</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Dr. Sclater's Works—Runes</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page478">478</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left" + colspan="2">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, + &c.</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page479">479</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page479">479</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="left">Notice to Correspondents</td> + + <td align="right" + valign="bottom"><a href="#page479">479</a></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr /> + + <h3>OLIVER CROMWELL AS A FEOFFEE OF PARSON'S CHARITY, ELY</h3> + + <p>There is in Ely, where Cromwell for some years resided, an + extensive charity known as Parson's Charity, of which he was a + feoffee or governor. The following paper, which was submitted + to Mr. Carlyle for the second or third edition of his work, + contains all the references to the great Protector which are to + be found in the papers now in the possession of the trustees. + The appointment of Oliver Cromwell as a feoffee does not appear + in any of the documents now remaining with the governors of the + charity. The records of the proceedings if the feoffees of his + time consist only of the collector's yearly accounts of monies + received and expended, and do not show the appointments of the + feoffees. These accounts were laid before the feoffees from + time to time, and signed by them in testimony of their + allowance.</p> + + <p>Cromwell's name might therefore be expected to be found at + the foot of some of them; but it unfortunately happens that, + from the year 1622 to the year 1641, there is an hiatus in the + accounts. At the end of Book No. 1., between forty and fifty + leaves have been cut away, and at the commencement of Book no. + 2. about twelve leaves more. Whether some collector of + curiosities has purloined these leaves for the sale of any + autographs of Cromwell contained in them, or whether their + removal may be accounted for by the questions which arose at + the latter end of the above period as to the application of the + funds of the charity, cannot now be ascertained.</p> + + <p>There are however, still in the possession of the governors + of the charity, several documents which clearly show that from + the year 1635 to the year 1641 Cromwell was a feoffee or + governor, and took an active part in the management of the + affairs of the charity. There is an original bond, dated the + 30th of May, 1638, from one Robert Newborne to "Daniell + Wigmore, Archdeacon of Ely, Oliver Cromwell, Esq., and the rest + of the Corporation of Ely." The feoffees had then been + incorporated by royal charter, under the title of "The + Governors of the Lands and Possessions of the Poor of the City + or Town of Ely."</p> + + <p>There are some detached collectors' accounts extending over + a portion of the interval between 1622 and 1641, and indorsed, + "The Accoumpts of Mr. John Hand and Mr. William Cranford, + Collectors of the Revenewes belonging to the Towne of Ely."</p> + + <p>The following entries are extracted from these + accounts:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"The Disbursements of Mr. John Hand from the of + August 1636 unto the of + 1641."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Anno 1636."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>After several other items,—</p> + + <table summary="expenses" + align="center" + width="80%"> + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + + <td align="right">£</td> + + <td align="right"><i>s.</i></td> + + <td align="right"><i>d.</i></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">"Given to diverse Poore People at ye + Worke-house, in the presence of Mr. Archdeacon of Ely, + Mr. Oliver Cromwell, Mr. John Goodericke, and others, + Feb. 10th 1636, as appeareth, Archdeacon of Ely, Mr. + Oliver Cromwell,</td> + + <td align="center"><font size="+5">}</font></td> + + <td align="right">16</td> + + <td align="right">14</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + + <td colspan="3">___________</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Summa Expens. Ann. 1636</td> + + <td></td> + + <td align="right">36</td> + + <td align="right">3</td> + + <td align="right">6"</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left"> "The Disbursements of Mr. + Cranford."</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">"Item, to Jones, by Mr. Cromwell's + consent</td> + + <td></td> + + <td align="right">1</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">0"</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + + <td colspan="3">___________</td> + </tr> + </table><span class="pagenum"><a name="page466" + id="page466"></a>{466}</span> + + <p>Mr. Cranford's disbursements show no dates. His receipts + immediately followed Mr. Hand's in point of dates.</p> + + <p>About the year 1639 a petition was filed in the Court of + Chancery by one Thomas Fowler, on behalf of himself and others, + inhabitants of Ely, against the feoffees of Parson's Charity, + and a commission for charitable uses was issued. The + commissioners sat at Ely, on the 25th of January, 1641, and at + Cambridge on the 3rd of March in the same year, when several of + the feoffees with other persons were examined.</p> + + <p>At the conclusion of the joint deposition of John Hand and + William Cranford, two of the feoffees, is the following + statement:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"And as to the Profitts of the said Lands in theire tyme + receaved, they never disposed of any parte thereof but by + the direction and appointment of Mr. Daniell Wigmore, + Archdeacon of Ely, Mr. William March, and Mr. Oliver + Cromwell."</p> + + <p>"These last two names were inserted att Camb. 8 Mar. + 1641, by Mr. Hy. C."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The last name in the above note is illegible, and the last + two names in the deposition are of a different ink and + handwriting from the preceding part, but of the same ink and + writing as the note.</p> + + <p>An original summons to the feoffees, signed by the + commissioners, is preserved. It requires them to appear before + the commissioners at the Dolphin Inn, in Ely, on the 25th of + the then instant January, to produce before the commissioners a + true account "of the monies, fines, rents, and profits by you + and every of you and your predecessors feoffees receaved out of + the lands given by one Parsons for the benefitt of the + inhabitants of Ely for 16 years past," &c. The summons is + dated at Cambridge, the 13th of January, 1641, and is signed by + the three commissioners,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Tho. Symon.</p> + + <p>Tho. Duckett.</p> + + <p>Dudley Page."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The summons is addressed</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"To Matthew, Lord Bishop of Ely,</p> + + <p class="i2">Willm. Fuller, Deane of Ely, and to</p> + + <p class="i2">Daniell Wigmore, Archdeacon of Ely.</p> + + <p class="i2">William March, Esq.</p> + + <p class="i2">Anthony Page, Esq.</p> + + <p class="i2">Henry Gooderick, Gent.</p> + + <p class="i2">Oliver Cromwell, Esq.</p> + + <p class="i2">Willm. Anger.</p> + + <p class="i2">Willm. Cranford.</p> + + <p class="i2">John Hand, and</p> + + <p class="i2">Willm. Austen."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Whether Cromwell attended the sitting of the commissioners + does not appear.</p> + + <p>The letter from Cromwell to Mr. John Hand, published in + Cromwell's _Memoirs of Cromwell_, has not been in the + possession of the feoffees for some years.</p> + + <p>There is, however, an item in Mr. Hand's disbursements, + which probably refers to the person mentioned in that letter. + It is as follows:—</p> + + <table summary="Phisicke" + align="center" + width="80%"> + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="center">£</td> + + <td align="center"><i>s.</i></td> + + <td align="center"><i>d.</i></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">"Ffor phisicke and surgery for old + Benson,</td> + + <td align="center">2</td> + + <td align="center">7</td> + + <td align="center">4"</td> + </tr> + </table> + + <p>Cromwell's letter appears to be at a later date than this + item.</p> + + <p>John Hand was a feoffee for many years, and during his time + executed, as was usual, the office of collector or treasurer. + It may be gathered from the documents preserved that Cromwell + never executed that office. The office was usually taken by the + feoffees in turn then, as at the present time; but Cromwell + most probably was called to a higher sphere of action before + his turn arrived.</p> + + <p>It is worthy of note, that Cromwell's fellow-trustees, the + Bishop of Ely (who was the celebrated Matthew Wren), Fuller the + Dean, and Wigmore the Archdeacon, were all severely handled + during the Rebellion.</p> + + <p class="author">ARUN.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>DR. SAM. PARR AND DR. JOHN TAYLOR, OF SHREWSBURY AND + SHREWSBURY SCHOOL.</h3> + + <p>Looking at the Index to the _Memoirs of Gilbert Wakefield_, + edit. of 1804, I saw, under the letter T., the following + entries:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Taylor, Rev. Dr. John, Tutor of Warrington Academy, + i. 226.</p> + + <p>—— his latinity, why faulty, ii. + 449."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>But I instantly suspected an error: for it was my belief + that those two notices were designed for two distinct scholars. + Accordingly, I revised both passages, and found that I was + right in my conjecture. The facts are these:—In the + former of the references, "The Rev. John Taylor, D.D.," is + pointed out. The other individual, of the same name, was John + Taylor, LL.D., a native of Shrewsbury, and a pupil of + Shrewsbury School: HIS <i>latinity</i> it is which Dr. Samuel + Parr [<i>ut supr.</i>] characterises as FAULTY: and for the + defects of which he endeavours, successfully or otherwise, to + account. So that whosoever framed the <i>Index</i> has here + committed an oversight.</p> + + <p>In the quotation which I proceed to make, Parr is assigning + causes of what, as I think, he truly deemed blemishes in G. + Wakefield's Latin style; and this is the language of the not + unfriendly censor:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"—None, I fear, of his [W.'s] Latin productions + are wholly free from faults, which he would have been + taught to avoid in our best public seminaries, and of which + I have seen many glaring instances in the works of + Archbishop Potter, Dr. John Taylor, Mr. Toup, and several + eminent scholars now living, who were brought up in private + schools."</p> + </blockquote><span class="pagenum"><a name="page467" + id="page467"></a>{467}</span> + + <p>But could Parr mean to rank Shrewsbury School among the + "private schools?" I am not old enough to recollect what it was + in the times of Taylor, J., the civilian, and the editor of + Demosthenes. Its celebrity, however, in our own day, and + through a long term of preceding years, is confessed. Dr. + Parr's judgement in this case might be somewhat influenced by + his prepossessions as an <i>Harrovian</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">N.</p> + + <p>April, 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>PROVINCIAL WORDS.</h3> + + <p>In <i>Twelfth Night</i>, Act ii. Scene 3., occur the words + "Sneck up," in C. Knight's edition, or "Snick up," Mr. + Collier's edition. These words appear most unaccountably to + have puzzled the commentators. Sir Toby Belch uses them in + reply to Malvolio, as,—</p> + + <center> + <i>Enter</i> MALVOLIO. + </center> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Mal.</i> My masters, are you mad? or what are you? + Have you no wit, manners, nor honesty, but to gabble like + tinkers at this time of night? Do you make an alehouse of + my lady's house, that you squeak out your cozier's catches + without any mitigation or remorse of voice? Is there no + respect of place, person, nor time, in you?</p> + + <p>"<i>Sir To.</i> We did keep time, Sir, in our catches. + Sneck up!"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>"Sneck up," according to Mr. C. Knight, is explained + thus:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"A passage in Taylor, the Water Poet, would show that + this means 'hang yourself.' A verse from his 'Praise of + Hempseed' is given in illustration."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>"Snick up," according to Mr. Collier, is said to be "a term + of contempt," of which the precise meaning seems to have been + lost. Various illustrations are given, as see his Note; but all + are wide of the meaning.</p> + + <p>Turn to Halliwell's <i>Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial + Words</i>, 2d edition, and there is this + explanation:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"SNECK, that part of the iron fastening of a door which + is raised by moving the latch. To <i>sneck</i> a door, is + to latch it."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>See also Burn's Poems: <i>The Vision, Duan First</i>, 7th + verse, which is as follows:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"When dick! the string the snick did + draw,—</p> + + <p>And jee! the door gaed to the wa';</p> + + <p>An' by my ingle-lowe I saw,</p> + + <p class="i10">Now bliezin' bright,</p> + + <p>A tight, outlandish Hizzie, braw,</p> + + <p class="i10">Come full in sight."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>These quotations will clearly show that "sneck" or "snick" + applies to a door; and that to <i>sneck</i> a door is to shut + it. I think, therefore, that Sir Toby meant to say in the + following reply:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"We did keep time, Sir, in our catches. Sneck up!"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>That is, close up, shut up, or, as is said now, "bung + up,"—emphatically, "We kept true time;" and the + probability is, that in saying this, Sir Toby would accompany + the words with the action of pushing an imaginary door; or + <i>sneck up</i>.</p> + + <p>In the country parts of Lancashire, and indeed throughout + the North of England, and it appears Scotland also, the term + "sneck the door" is used indiscriminately with "shut the door" + or "toin't dur." And there can be little doubt but that this + provincialism was known to Shakspeare, as his works are full of + such; many of which have either been passed over by his + commentators, or have been wrongly noted, as the one now under + consideration.</p> + + <p>Shakspeare was essentially a man of the people; his learning + was from within, not from colleges or schools, but from the + universe and himself. He wrote the language of the people; that + is, the common every-day language of his time: and hence mere + classical scholars have more than once mistaken him, and most + egregiously misinterpreted him, as I propose to show in some + future Notes.</p> + + <p class="author">R.R.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Death-bed Superstition</i>. (No. 20. p. 315.).—The + practice of opening doors and boxes when a person dies, is + founded on the idea that the ministers of purgatorial pains + took the soul as it escaped from the body, and flattening it + against some closed door (which alone would serve the purpose), + crammed it into the hinges and hinge openings; thus the soul in + torment was likely to be miserably pinched and squeezed by the + movement on casual occasion of such door or lid: an open or + swinging door frustrated this, and the fiends had to try some + other locality. The friends of the departed were at least + assured that they were not made the unconscious instruments of + torturing the departed in their daily occupations. The + superstition prevails in the North as well as in the West of + England; and a similar one exists in the South of Spain, where + I have seen it practised.</p> + + <p>Among the Jews at Gibraltar, at which place I have for many + years been a resident, there is also a strange custom when a + death occurs in the house; and this consists in pouring away + all the water contained in any vessel, the superstition being + that the angel of death may have washed his sword therein.</p> + + <p class="author">TREBOR.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>May Marriages</i>.—It so happened that yesterday I + had both a Colonial Bishop and a Home Archdeacon taking part in + the services of my church, and visiting at my house; and, by a + singular coincidence, both had been solicited by friends to + perform the marriage ceremony not later than to-morrow, because + in neither case would the bride-elect submit to be married in + the month of May. <span class="pagenum"><a name="page468" + id="page468"></a>{468}</span> I find that it is a common + notion amongst ladies, that May marriages are unlucky.</p> + + <p>Can any one inform me whence this prejudice arose?</p> + + <p class="author">ALFRED GATTY.</p> + + <p>Ecclesfield, April 29. 1850.</p> + + <p class="note">[This superstition is as old as Ovid's time, + who tells us in his <i>Fasti</i>,</p> + + <div class="poem" + style="font-size: 0.9em;"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">"Nec viduæ tædis eadem, nec virginis + apta</p> + + <p class="i4">Tempora. Quæ nupsit non diuturna + fuit.</p> + + <p class="i2">Hac quoque de causa (si te proverbia + tangunt),</p> + + <p class="i4">Mense malas Maio nubere vulgus ait."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="note">The last line, as our readers may remember, + (see <i>ante</i>, No. 7. p. 97.), was fixed on the gates of + Holyrood on the morning (16th of May) after the marriage of + Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell.]</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Throwing Old Shoes at a Wedding</i>.—At a wedding + lately, the bridesmaids, after accompanying the bride to the + hall-door, threw into the carriage, on the departure of the + newly-married couple, a number of old shoes which they had + concealed somewhere. On inquiry, I find this custom is not + uncommon; I should be glad to be favoured with any particulars + respecting its origin and meaning, and the antiquity of it.</p> + + <p class="author">ARUN.</p> + + <p class="note">[We have some NOTES on the subject of throwing + Old Shoes after a person as a means of securing them good + fortune, which we hope to insert in an early Number.]</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Sir Thomas Boleyn's Spectre</i>.—Sir Thomas Boleyn, + the father of the unfortunate Queen of Henry VIII., resided at + Blickling, distant about fourteen miles from Norwich, and now + the residence of the dowager Lady Suffield. The spectre of this + gentleman is believed by the vulgar to be doomed, annually, on + a certain night in the year, to drive, for a period of 1000 + years, a coach drawn by four headless horses, over a circuit of + twelve bridges in that vicinity. These are Aylsham, Burgh, + Oxnead, Buxton, Coltishall, the two Meyton bridges, Wroxham, + and four others whose names I do not recollect. Sir Thomas + carries his head under his arm, and flames issue from his + mouth. Few rustics are hardy enough to be found loitering on or + near those bridges on that night; and my informant averred, + that he was himself on one occasion hailed by this fiendish + apparition, and asked to open a gate, but "he warn't sich a + fool as to turn his head; and well a' didn't, for Sir Thomas + passed him full gallop like:" and he heard a voice which told + him that he (Sir Thomas) had no power to hurt such as turned a + deaf ear to his requests, but that had he stopped he would have + carried him off.</p> + + <p>This tradition I have repeatedly heard in this neighbourhood + from aged persons when I was a child, but I never found but one + person who had ever actually <i>seen</i> the phantom. Perhaps + some of your correspondents can give some clue to this + extraordinary sentence. The coach and four horses is attached + to another tradition I have heard in the west of Norfolk; where + the ancestor of a family is reported to drive his spectral team + through the old walled-up gateway of his now demolished + mansion, on the anniversary of his death: and it is said that + the bricks next morning have ever been found loosened and + fallen, though as constantly repaired. The particulars of this + I could easily procure by reference to a friend.</p> + + <p class="author">E.S.T.</p> + + <p>P.S. Another vision of Headless Horse is prevalent at + Caistor Castle, the seat of the Fastolfs.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Shuck the Dog-fiend</i>.—This phantom I have heard + many persons in East Norfolk, and even Cambridgeshire, describe + as having seen as a black shaggy dog, with fiery eyes, and of + immense size, and who visits churchyards at midnight. One + witness nearly fainted away at seeing it, and on bringing his + neighbours to see the place where he saw it, he found a large + spot as if gunpowder had been exploded there. A lane in the + parish of Overstrand is called, after him, Shuck's Lane. The + name appears to be a corruption of "shag," as <i>shucky</i> is + the Norfolk dialect for "shaggy." Is not this a vestige of the + German "Dog-fiend?"</p> + + <p class="author">E.S.T.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>QUERIES.</h2> + + <h3>NUMISMATIC QUERIES.</h3> + + <p>Can any numismatical contributor give me any information as + to the recurrence elsewhere, &c., of the following types of + coins in my possession:—</p> + + <p>1. A coin of the size of Roman 1 B., of the province of + Macedonia Prima.—<i>Obv.</i> A female head, with symbols + behind, and a rich floriated edge: <i>Rev.</i> A club within an + oaken garland: Legend in the field, + ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΩΝ + ΠΡΩΤΗΣ.</p> + + <p>The type is illustrated by Dr. Horne, in his <i>Introduction + to the Study of the Bible</i>, in explanation of Acts, xvi. 11, + 12. The specimen in my possession is in <i>lead</i>, finely + struck, and therefore not a <i>cast</i>, and in all respects + equal in point of sharpness and execution to the silver of the + same size and type in the British Museum; and was dug up by a + labourer at Chesterton, near Cambridge. How is the metal of + which my specimen is composed to be accounted for?</p> + + <p>2. A 3 B. coin apparently by the portrait of + Tiberius.—Legend defaced: <i>Rev.</i> The type known by + collectors as the altar of Lyons: <i>Ex.</i> (ROM)AE ET + AV(G.)</p> + + <p>3. A 3 B. of Herennia Estruscilla.—<i>Rev</i>. The + usual seated figure of Pudicitia; and the Legend, PVDICITIA + AVG.</p> + + <p>According to Col. Smyth, Akermann, and other authorities, no + third brass of this empress exists; but the specimen before me + has been decided as undoubtedly genuine by many competent + judges.</p> + + <p>4. A 3 B. coin of the Emperor Macrinus, struck + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page469" + id="page469"></a>{469}</span> in some of the + provinces.—<i>Obv.</i> A bearded portrait of the + emperor: Leg., AVT. K.M.O.C.C. MAKPINOC: <i>Rev.</i> An + archaic S.C. in a laurel garland, above L and beneath C. I + am anxious to know to what locality I may ascribe this coin, + as I have not been able to find it described.</p> + + <p class="author">E.S.T.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>QUERIES PROPOSED, NO. 2.</h3> + + <p>When reflecting on my various pen-and-ink skirmishes, I have + sometimes half-resolved to <i>avoid controversy</i>. The + resolution would have been unwise; for silence, on many + occasions, would be a dereliction of those duties which we owe + to ourselves and the public.</p> + + <p>The halcyon days, so much desired, may be far distant! I + have to comment, elsewhere, on certain parts of the + <i>Report</i> of the commissioners on the British + Museum—which I hope to do firmly, yet respectfully; and + on the evidence of Mr. Panizzi—in which task I must not + disappoint his just expectations. I have also to propose a + query on the <i>blunder of Malone</i>—to which I give + precedence, as it relates to Shakspeare.</p> + + <p>The query is—have I "mistaken the whole affair"? A few + short paragraphs may enable others to decide.</p> + + <p>1. The question at issue arose, I presume to say, out of the + <i>statement of Mr. Jebb</i>. I never quoted the Irish edition. + If <i>C.</i> can prove that Malone superintended it, he may + fairly tax me with a violation of my new canon of + criticism—not otherwise. What says Mr. James Boswell on + that point? I must borrow his precise words: "The only edition + for which Mr. Malone can be considered as responsible [is] his + own in 1790." [<i>Plays and poems of W.S.</i> 1821, i. + xxxiii.]</p> + + <p>2. I am said to have "repeated what <i>C.</i> had already + stated."—I consulted the <i>Shakspere</i> of Malone, and + verified my recollections, when the query of "Mr. JEBB" + appeared—but forbore to notice its misconceptions. + Besides, one <i>C.</i>, after an interval of two months, merely + <i>asserted</i> that it was not a blunder of Malone; the other + C. furnished, off-hand, his proofs and references.</p> + + <p>3. To argue fairly, we must use the same words in the same + sense. Now <i>C.</i> (No. 24. p. 386.) asserts the <i>Malone + had never seen</i> the introductory fragment; and asks, who + <i>forged</i> it? He uses the word <i>fabrication</i> in the + sense of forgery.—The facts are produced (No. 25. p. + 404.). He is informed that the <i>audacious fabrication</i>, + which took place before 1770, was first published by Malone + himself, in 1790—yet he expects me to apply the same + terms to the blunder committed by another editor in 1794.</p> + + <p>4. As an answer to my assertion that the Irish editor + <i>attempted to unite</i> the two fragments, <i>C.</i> proceeds + to prove that he <i>did not unite them</i>. The procedure is + rather defective in point of logical exactness. It proves only + what was not denied. Malone refers to the <i>will of John + Shakspere, found by Joseph Moseley</i>, with sufficient + clearness; and it is charitable to assume that the Irish editor + intended to observe the instructions of his precursor. He + failed, it seems—but why? It would be useless to go in + search of the rationale of a blunder.</p> + + <p>Have I "<i>mistaken the whole affair</i>"?—I entreat + those readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" who may take up the + affirmative side of the question to point out my errors, + whether as to facts or inferences.</p> + + <p class="author">BOLTON CORNET.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>AUTHORS WHO HAVE PRIVATELY PRINTED THEIR OWN WORKS.</h3> + + <p>Can any of your readers refer me to any source whence I can + obtain an account of "JOHN PAINTER, B.A. of St. John's College, + Oxford?" He appears to have been a very singular character, and + fond of printing (privately) his own lucubrations; to most of + which he subscribes himself "The King's Fool." Three of these + privately printed tracts are now before me:—1. <i>The + Poor Man's Honest Praises and Thanksgiving</i>, 1746. 2. <i>An + Oxford Dream, in Two Parts</i>, 1751. 3. <i>A Scheme designed + for the Benefit of the Foundling Hospital</i>, 1751.</p> + + <p>Who was ROBERT DEVERELL, who privately printed, in 4to., + <i>Andalusia; or Notes tending to show that the Yellow Fever + was well known to the Ancients</i>? The book seems a mass of + absurdity; containing illustrations of Milton's <i>Comus</i>, + and several other subjects equally incongruous.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Seager a Painter.—Marlow's Autograph.</i>—In + a MS., which has lately been placed in my hands, containing a + copy of Henry Howard's translation of the last instructions + given by the Emperor Charles V. to his son Philip, transcribed + by Paul Thompson about the end of the sixteenth century, are + prefixed some poems in a different handwriting. The first of + these is an eclogue, entitled <i>Amor Constans</i>, in which + the dialogue is carried on by "Dickye" and "Bonnybootes," and + begins thus:—"For shame, man, wilt thou never leave this + sorrowe?" At the end is the signature, "Infortunatus, Ch.M." + Following this eclogue are sixteen sonnets, signed also + "Ch.M.;" in two of which the author alludes to a portrait + painter named <i>Seager</i>. One of these sonnets commences + thus:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Whilest thou in breathinge cullers, crimson + white,</p> + + <p class="i2">Drewst these bright eyes, whose language + sayth to me.</p> + + <p class="i2">Loe! the right waye to heaven; Love + stoode by the(e),</p> + + <p><i>Seager!</i> fayne to be drawne in cullers + brighte," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I should be glad to receive any information + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page470" + id="page470"></a>{470}</span> respecting this painter: as + also any hints as to the name of the poet Ch. M. May I add, + also, another Query? Is any authentic writing or signature + of <i>Christopher Marlow</i> known to exist?</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>MS. Diary of the Convention Parliament of + 1660</i>.—The editors of the <i>Parliamentary History</i> + give some passages from a MS. Diary of the Convention + Parliament of the Restoration, and state that the Diary was + communicated to them by the Rev. Charles Lyttleton, Dean of + Exeter (vol. iv. p. 73.). I am anxious to know where this Diary + now is, and if it may be seen by—</p> + + <p class="author">CH.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Etymology of Totnes</i>.—Can any of your readers + suggest a probable etymology for Totnes, the "prime town of + Great Britain," as it is called by Westcote<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, + who supposes it to have been built by Brutus, 1108 years + before the Christian era. Mr. Polwhele, who supposed the + numerous <i>Hams</i> in Devon to have owed their names to + the worship of Jupiter <i>Hammon</i>, would, I imagine, have + derived Totnes from the Egyptian god Thoth or Taut; or, + perhaps, directly from King Thothmes. Westcote observes that + some would have the name from,—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The French word <i>tout-à-l'aise</i>, which is in + English, all at ease; as if Brutus at his arrival in such a + pleasant soil ... should here assure himself and his + fellow-travellers of ease, rest, and content; and the + <i>l</i>, in this long time, is changed into <i>n</i>, and + so from <i>tout-à-lesse</i> we now call it + <i>tout-à-nesse</i>, and briefly Totnessse. This would <i>I + willingly applaud, could I think or believe that Brutus + spake so good French</i>, or that the French tongue was + then spoken at all. Therefore, I shall with the more ease + join in opinion with those who would have it named + <i>Dodonesse</i>, which signifieth [in what language?] the + rocky-town, or town on stones, which is also agreeable with + the opinion of Leland."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Totnes is denominated Totenais and Totheneis in <i>Domesday + Book</i>; and in other old records variously spelt, Toteneis, + Totteneys, Toteneys, Totton', Totteñ, Totenesse, Tottenesse, + Tottonasse, Totonie, &c. Never, Donodesse.</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + + <p>Totnes, April 23. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Dr. Maginn's Miscellanies</i>.—Towards the end of + 1840, Dr. Maginn issued the prospectus of a work to be + published weekly in numbers, and to be entitled "<i>Magazine + Miscellanies</i>, by Dr. Maginn," which was intended to + comprise a selection from his contributions to Blackwood, + Fraser, &c. Will any one of your multitudinous readers + kindly inform me whether this work was ever published, or any + portion of it?</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Dr. Maginn's "Shakspeare Papers."</i>—The Doctor + published several very able critical dissertations under this, + or some similar title, about the year 1837, in one of the + monthly magazines, for references to which I shall feel + obliged.</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Dr. Maginn's Homeric Ballads.</i>—Between 1839 and + 1842, the "Homeric Ballads," from thirteen to sixteen, appeared + in <i>Fraser's Magazine</i>. Will any correspondent favour me + with specific references to the numbers or months in which they + were published? I may add, that I shall esteem it as a very + great favour to receive authentic reference to any articles + contributed to Blackwood, Fraser, &c., &c., by Dr. + Maginn. The difficulty of determining authorship from internal + evidence alone is well-known, and is aptly illustrated by the + fact, that an article on Miss Austen's novels, by Archbishop + Whately, was included in the collection of Sir Walter Scott's + prose works.</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Poor Robin's Almanack</i>.—Who was the author or + originator of <i>Poor Robin's Almanack</i>? Are any particulars + known of its successive editors? In what year did it cease to + be published? The only one I possess is for the year + 1743,—"Written by Poor Robin, <i>Knight of the Burnt + Island</i>, a well-wisher to Mathematicks," who informs his + readers that this was his eighty-first year of writing. What is + meant by <i>Knight of the Burnt Island</i>?</p> + + <p>I must not omit to add, that at Dean Prior, the former + vicar, Robert Herrick, has the reputation of being the author + of <i>Poor Robin</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + + <p>Totnes, April 18. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>The Camp in Bulstrode Park</i>.—Is there any + published account of this camp having been opened? It is well + worth the examination of a competent antiquary.... It is not + even alluded to in Mr. Jesse's <i>Favourite Haunts</i>, nor + does that gentleman appear to have visited the interesting + village of "Hedgerley" (anciently <i>Hugely</i>), or Jordans, + the Quakers' Meeting-house, and burial-place of Penn, between + Beaconsfield and Chalfont. Chalfont was anciently written + Chalfhunt, and is by the natives still called Charff[)u]nt; and + Hunt is a very common surname in this parish: there was, + however, Tobias Chalfont, Rector of Giston, who died 1631. + "Chal" appears to be a common prefix. In Chalfont (St. Peter's) + is an inscription to <i>Sir</i> Robert Hamson, Vycar, alluded + to in Boutell's <i>Brasses</i>. In a cupboard under the gallery + staircase is a copper helmet, which, prior to the church having + been beautified in 1822, was suspended on an iron bracket with + a <i>bit of rag</i>, as it then looked, to the best of my + memory. I have heard that it belonged to the family of Gould of + Oak End, extinct.</p> + + <p class="author">A.C.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Hobit</i>, a measure of corn in Wales; what is the + derivation?</p> + + <p class="author">A.C.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page471" + id="page471"></a>{471}</span> + + <h2>REPLIES.</h2> + + <h3>DR. PERCY AND THE POEMS OF THE EARL OF SURREY.</h3> + + <p>I have the means of showing what Dr. Percy did with the + poems of the Earl of Surrey, because I have a copy of the work + now before me.</p> + + <p>It can hardly be said that he "prepared an edition" of those + poems, as supposed by your correspondent "G." on the authority + of Watts's <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>, but he made an exact + reprint of the <i>Songes and Sonnettes written by the Right + Honorable Lorde Henry Haward, late Earle of Surrey, and + other</i>, which was printed <i>Apud Richardum Tottell. Cum + privilegio ad imprimendum solum</i>. 1557. The Bishop of + Dromere made no attempt at editing the work much beyond what + was necessary to secure an exact reimpression. He prefixed no + Life of Surrey (a point "G." wishes to ascertain); and, in + fact, the book was never completed. It contains considerably + more than the reprint of the poems of Lord Surrey, and was + intended to consist of two volumes with separate pagination; + the first volume extending to p. 272., and the second to p. + 342.</p> + + <p>As the work is a rarity, owing to an unfortunate accident, + some of your readers may like to see a brief notice of it. + Watts (as quoted by "G." for I have not his portly volumes at + hand,) states that the "whole impression" was "consumed in the + fire which took place in Mr. Nicholls's premises in 1808." This + was a mistake, as my extant copy establishes; and + <i>Restituta</i> (iii. 451.) informs us that <i>four</i> were + saved. Of the history of my own impression I know nothing + beyond the fact, that I paid a very high price for it some + twenty years since, at an auction; but the late Mr. Grenville + had another copy, which I had an opportunity of seeing, and + which had belonged to T. Park, and had been sent to him by Dr. + Percy for the advantage of his notes and remarks. This, I + presume, is now in the British Museum; whither it came with the + rest of Mr. Grenville's books, four or five years ago.</p> + + <p>The "Songs and Sonnets" of Surrey occupy only the first + forty pages of vol. i.; then follow "Songs and sonnets" by Sir + Thomas Wyat to p. 111. inclusive; and they are succeeded by + poems "of uncertain authors," which occupy the rest of the the + first volume. The second volume begins with "The Seconde Boke + of Virgiles Ænæis," filling thirty pages; while "the Fourth + Boke" ends at p. 57., with the imprint of R. Tottell, and the + date of 1557. "Ecclesiastes and Certain Psalms by by Henry Earl + of Surrey," which are "from ancient MSS. never before + imprinted," close at p. 81. "Certayne Psalmes chosen out of the + Psalter of David," consisting of the seven penitential psalms, + with the imprint of Thomas Raynald and John Harrington," fill + thirty pages; and to them is added "Sir Thomas Wyat's Defence," + from the Strawberry Hill edition; which, with a few appended + notes, carries the work on to p. 141.</p> + + <p>A new title-page, at which we now arrive, shows us the + intention of Dr. Percy, and the object at which he had all + along aimed: it runs thus:—"Poems in Bland Verse (not + Dramatique) prior to Milton's <i>Paradise Lost.</i> Subsequent + to Lord Surrey's in this Volume, and to N.G.'s in the + preceding." In truth, Dr. Percy was making a collection in the + two volumes of all the English undramatic blank verse he could + discover, prior to the publication of Milton's great poem. He + was guilty of some important omissions, because bibliographical + knowledge was not then as far advanced as at present, but he + performed good service to letters as far as he was able to go; + and the blank verse productions he subjoins are by George + Tubervile, George Gascoigne, Barnabie Riche, George Peele, + James Aske, William Vallans, Nicholas Breton, George Chapman, + and Christopher Marlow. These occupy from p. 342. of vol. + ii.</p> + + <p>This list might now be considerably increased; but my + present business is only to answer the Query of "G.," as to the + nature and contents of the work. It has been said, I know not + on what authority, that Steevens assisted Percy in preparing + and printing it. I apprehend that the aid given by Steevens + consisted solely in recommending the Bishop to procure certain + rare productions which would contribute to the purpose.</p> + + <p class="author">J. PAYNE COLLIER.</p> + + <p>May 7, 1850.</p> + + <p class="note">[To this we may add, that about 1767, when + Bishop Percy printed these twenty-five sheets of poems of Lord + Surrey and the Duke of Buckingham, it appears by a letter of + the Bishop to Horace Walpole, that he presented a copy of them + to Walpole, with a request for information about Lord Surrey. + The Bishop never wrote the Life of Surrey; and in 1808 the + whole impression was burnt, with the exception of a copy or two + that the Bishop had given to his friends. In the letter to + Walpole the Bishop says, "A few more leaves will complete that + book, which with the second and Dr. Surrey's Songs and Sonnets, + &c. will be sufficient for the book."]</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>SYMBOLS OF THE FOUR EVANGELISTS.</h3> + + <p>Horne, in his <i>Introduction</i>, vol. iv. p. 254., says + that Irenæus was the first to discover the analogy between the + four animals mentioned by Ezekiel (i. 5. 10.) and the four + Evangelists, which gave rise to the well-known paintings of + these latter. He quotes from <i>Iren. adv. Hoer.</i> lib. iii. + cap. 11.:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The first living creature, which is like a lion, + signifies Christ's efficacy, principality, and regality, + viz. John; the second, like a calf, denotes His sacerdotal + order, viz. Luke; the third, having as it were, a man's + face, describes His coming in the flesh as man, viz. + Matthew; and the fourth, like a flying eagle, manifests the + grace of the Spirit flying into the Church, viz. Mark."</p> + </blockquote><span class="pagenum"><a name="page472" + id="page472"></a>{472}</span> + + <p>There is also an interesting passage in <i>Dionys Carthus. + in Apocal. Enarr.</i> iv. 7., from which the following is an + extract:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Although the above exposition of Gregorius, in which by + the man in meant Matthew, by the calf Luke, &c., be the + common one, yet other holy men have held a different + opinion, for as Bede relates on this point, Augustine + understood by the lion Matthew, because in the beginning of + his Gospel he describes the <i>royal</i> descent of Christ; + by the calf he also understood Luke, because he wrote of + the <i>priestly</i> descent of Our Lord; by the man Mark, + because he omits the question of Christ's birth, and + confines himself more especially to describing His acts as + a <i>man</i>; by the eagle, <i>all</i> understand John, on + account of the sublimity to which his Gospel soars. Others + again understand by the lion Matthew; by the calf Mark, on + account of the simplicity of his style; and by the man + Luke, because he has more fully treated of Christ's + <i>human</i> generation."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Would "JARLZBERG" kindly favour me with a reference to his + interesting anecdote of the lion's whelps?</p> + + <p class="author">J. EASTWOOD.</p> + + <p>Ecclesfield, May 9. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>Your correspondent "JARLZBERG" (No. 24. p. 385.) inquires + for the origin of the Evangelistic symbols. The four living + creatures, in Ezekiel, i. 10., and Revelations, iv. 7., were + interpreted from the earliest times to represent the four + Gospels. Why the angel is attributed to St. Matthew, the lion + to St. Mark, and so on, is another question: but their order in + Ezekiel corresponds with the order of the Gospels as we have + them. Durandus would probably furnish some information. The + fabulous legend of the lion savours of a later origin. Some + valuable remarks on the subject, and a list of references to + early writers, will be found in Dr. Wordsworth's <i>Lectures on + the Canon of Scripture</i> (Lect. VI. p. 151.), and his + <i>Lectures on the Apocalypse</i> (Lect. IV. pp. 116, 117.)</p> + + <p class="author">C.R.M.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Symbols of the Evangelists</i> (No. 24. p. + 385.).—The symbols of the four Evangelists are treated of + by J. Williams, <i>Thoughts on the Study of the Gospels</i>, p. + 5—22. Lond. 1842.</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p>Oxford.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>With regard to the symbols of the four Evangelists, + "JARLZBERG" may consult a Sermon by Boys on the portion of + Scripture appointed for the Epistle for Trinity-Sunday. + (<i>Works</i>, p. 355. Lond. 1622.)</p> + + <p class="author">R.G.</p> + + <p class="note">[To these Replies we will only add a reference + to Mrs. Jameson's interesting and beautiful volume on <i>Sacred + and Legendary Art</i>, vol. i. p. 98., <i>et seq.</i>, and the + following Latin quatrain:—</p> + + <div class="poem" + style="font-size: 0.9em;"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">"Quatuor hæc Dominum signant animalia + Christum,</p> + + <p class="i2">Est <i>Homo</i> nascendo, + <i>Vitulus</i>que sacer moriendo,</p> + + <p class="i2">Et <i>Leo</i> surgendo, coelos + <i>Aquila</i> que petendo;</p> + + <p class="i2">Nec minus hos scribas animalia et ipsa + figurant."]</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + + <h3>COMPLEXION.</h3> + + <p><i>Complexion</i> is usually (and I think universally) + employed to express the <i>tint of the skin</i>; and the hair + and eyes are spoken of separately when the occasion demands a + specific reference to them. "NEMO" (No. 22. p. 352.), moreover, + seems to confound the terms "white" and "fair," between the + meanings of which there is considerable difference. A white + skin is not fair, nor a fair skin white. There is no close + approach of one to the other; and indeed we never see a white + complexion, except the chalked faces in a Christmas of Easter + Pantomime, or in front of Richardson's booth at Greenwich or + Charlton Fair. A contemplation of these would tell us what the + "human face divine" would become, were we any of us truly + <i>white-skinned</i>.</p> + + <p>The skin diverges in tint from the white, in one direction + towards the yellow, and in another towards the red or pink; + whilst sometimes we witness a seeming tinge of + blue,—characteristic of asphyxia, cholera, or some other + disease. We often see a mixture of red and yellow (the yellow + predominating) in persons subject to bilious complaints; and + not unfrequently a mixture of all three, forming what the + painters call a "neutral tint," and which is more commonly + called "an olive complexion."</p> + + <p>The negro skin is black; that is, it does not separate the + sun's light into the elementary colours. When, by the admixture + of the coloured races with the negro, we find coloured skins, + they <i>always</i> tend to the yellow, as in the various + mulatto shades of the West Indies, and especially in the + Southern States of America; and the same is true of the + "half-castes" of British India, though with a distinct darkness + or blackness, which the descendant of the negro does not + generally show.</p> + + <p>Though I have, in accordance with the usual language of + philosophers, spoken of <i>blue</i> as an element in the colour + of the skin, I have some doubt whether it be a "true blue" or + not. It is quite as likely to arise from a partial + participation in the quality of the negro skin—that of + absorbing a large portion of the light without any analysis + whatever. This may be called <i>darkness</i>.</p> + + <p>However, to return to the Query: the term <i>pale</i> is + applied to the yellow-tinted skin; <i>fair</i>, to the red or + pink; <i>brown</i>, to the mixture of red and yellow, with + either blue or such darkness as above described; <i>sallow</i>, + to yellow and darkness; and the only close approach to + <i>whiteness</i> that we ever see, is in the sick room of the + long-suffering fair complexion. In death, this changes to a + "blackish grey," a mixture of white and darkness.</p> + + <p>The <i>pale</i> complexion indicates a thick, hard, dry + skin; the <i>fair</i>, a thin and soft one; and all the shades + of dark skin render a large amount of ablution essential to + health, comfort, or agreeableness to others. If any of your + readers should <span class="pagenum"><a name="page473" + id="page473"></a>{473}</span> feel curious about the + characters of the wearers of these several skins, they must + inquire of Lavater and his disciples.</p> + + <p class="author">D.V.S.</p> + + <p>Home, April 1. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>BALLAD OF DICK AND THE DEVIL.</h3> + + <p>Looking over some of your back numbers, I find (No. 11. p. + 172.) an inquiry concerning a ballad with this title. I have + never met with it in print, but remember some lines picked up + in nursery days from an old nurse who was a native of "the + dales." These I think have probably formed a part of this + composition. The woman's name was curiously enough Martha + Kendal; and, in all probability, her forebears had migrated + from that place into Yorkshire:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Robin a devil he sware a vow.</p> + + <p class="i2">He swore by the + <i>sticks</i><a id="footnotetag2" + name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> + in hell—</p> + + <p>By the <i>yelding</i> that crackles to mak the + <i>low</i><a id="footnotetag3" + name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>,</p> + + <p class="i2">That warms his + <i>namsack</i><a id="footnotetag4" + name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> + weel.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"He <i>leaped</i> on his beast, and he rode with + heaste,</p> + + <p class="i2">To <i>mak</i> his black oath good;</p> + + <p>'Twas the Lord's Day, and the folk did pray</p> + + <p class="i2">And the priest in <i>can</i>cel + stood.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"The door was wide, and in does he ride,</p> + + <p class="i2">In his clanking <i>gear</i> so gay;</p> + + <p>A long keen brand he held in his hand,</p> + + <p class="i2">Our Dickon for to slay.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"But Dickon goodhap he was not there,</p> + + <p class="i2">And Robin he rode in vain,</p> + + <p>And the men got up that were kneeling in prayer,</p> + + <p class="i2">To take him by might and main.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Rob swung his sword, his steed he spurred,</p> + + <p class="i2">He plunged right through the + thr<i>a</i>ng.</p> + + <p>But the stout smith Jock, with his old mother's + <i>crutch</i><a id="footnotetag5" + name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a>,</p> + + <p class="i2">He gave him a <i>woundy</i> bang.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"So hard he smote the iron pot,</p> + + <p class="i2">It came down plume and all;</p> + + <p>Then with bare head away Robin sped,</p> + + <p class="i2">And himself was <i>fit</i> to fall.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Robin a devil he <i>way'd</i><a id="footnotetag6" + name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> + him home,</p> + + <p class="i2">And if for his foes he seek,</p> + + <p>I think that again he will not come</p> + + <p class="i2">To <i>late</i><a id="footnotetag7" + name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> + them in Kendal kirk."<a id="footnotetag8" + name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">Y.A.C.</p> + <hr /> + + <h2>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h2> + + <p><i>Cavell</i>.—In the time of Charles I., a large + tract of land lying south-eastward of Doncaster, called + Hatfield Chace, was undertaken to be drained and made fit for + tillage and pasture by one Sir Cornelius Vermuyden, a + celebrated Flemish engineer of that day, and his partners, or + "participants," in the scheme, all or most of them Dutchmen. + The lands drained were said to be "<i>cavelled and + allotted</i>" to so and so, and the pieces of land were called + "<i>cavells</i>." They were "scottled," or made subject to a + tax or assessment for drainage purposes. Two eminent + topographical writers of the present day are inclined to be of + opinion that this word <i>cavell</i> is connected with the + Saxon <i>gafol</i>, gavel-tributum—money paid—which + we have in <i>gavel-kind</i> and <i>gavelage</i>. One of them, + however, suggests that the word <i>may</i> be only a term used + in Holland as applicable to land, and then introduced by the + Dutch at the time of the drainage in question. I shall be + obliged if any of your readers can inform me if the word + "cavell" is so used in Holland, or elsewhere, either as + denoting any particular quantity of land, or land laid under + any tax, or <i>tributum</i>, or otherwise.</p> + + <p class="author">J.</p> + + <p class="note">[Our correspondent will find, on referring to + Kilian's <i>Dictionarium Teutonico-Latino-Gallicum</i>, that + the word <i>Kavel</i> is used for sors, "sors in divisione + bonorum:" and among other definitions of the verb + <i>Kavelen</i>, "sorte dividere terram," which corresponds + exactly with his <i>cavelled and allotted</i>.]</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Gootet</i> (No. 25. p. 397.).—Is not this word a + corruption of <i>good-tide</i>, i.e. holiday or festival? In + Halliwell's <i>Archæological Dictionary</i> I find,—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Good-day, a holiday; Staff.</p> + + <p>"Gooddit, shrovetide; North. Shrove Tuesday is called + Goodies Tuesday.</p> + + <p>"Good-time, a festival; Jonson."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">C.W.G.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Salt ad Montem</i> (No. 24. p. 384.) <i>as meaning + Money</i>.—<i>Salt</i> is an old metaphor for money, + cash, pay; derived, says Arbuthnot, from <i>salt's</i> being + part of the pay of the Roman soldiers; hence <i>salarium, + salary</i>, and the levying contributions at <i>Salt</i> Hill. + Your Querist will find several explanations of the Eton Montem + in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>; and a special account of + the ceremony, its origin and circumstances, in Lyson's <i>Mag. + Brit.</i> i. 557.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Pamphlets respecting Ireland</i> (No. 24. p. + 384.)—I would refer "I." to No. 6161. in the Catalogue of + Stowe Library, sold by Leigh Sotheby and Co., in January 1849. + That lot consisted of two vols. of twenty-six tracts, 4to. + Amongst them is "Gookin, the Author and Case of Transplanting + the Irish in Connaught Vindicated, from Col. R. Lawrence, + 1655." Messrs. Leigh Sotheby will + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page474" + id="page474"></a>{474}</span> probably be able to inform the + Querist into whose hands these two vols. passed. The lot + sold for the large sum of 4<i>l.</i> 18<i>s.</i></p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Pimlico</i> (No. 24. p. 383.).—The derivation of + this word is explained from the following passage in a rare (if + not unique) tract now before me, entitled <i>Newes from + Hogsdon</i>, 1598:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Have at thee, then, my merrie boyes, and hey for old + <i>Ben Pimlico's</i> nut-browne."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Pimlico kept a place of entertainment in or near Hoxton, and + was celebrated for his nut-brown ale. The place seems + afterwards to have been called by his name, and is constantly + mentioned by our early dramatists. In 1609 a tract was printed, + entitled <i>Pimlyco, or Runne Red Cap, 'tis a Mad World at + Hogsdon</i>. Isaac Reed (Dodsley's <i>Old Plays</i>, ed. + Collier, vii. 51.) says,—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"A place near Chelsea is still called Pimlico, and was + resorted to within these few years, on the same account as + the former at Hogsdon."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Pimlico is still, I believe, celebrated for its fine + ale.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Pimlico</i> (No. 24. p. 383.).—I see, by a passage + in Lord Orrery's Letters, that there was a place called + Pemlicoe in Dublin:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Brown is fluctuant; he once lay at a woman's house in + Pemlicoe, Dublin." (<i>Earl of Orrery to Duke of + Ormond</i>, Feb. 5. 1663, in <i>Orrery's State + Letters</i>.)</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>This may be of use to "R.H.," who inquires about the origin + of <i>Pimlico</i>. <i>Ranelaugh</i>, in the same parts, is + doubtless also of Irish origin.</p> + + <p class="author">C.H.</p> + + <p class="note">[Pimlico in Dublin still exists, as will be + seen by reference to Thom's <i>Irish Almanac</i>, where we find + "Pimlico, from Coombe to Tripoli."]</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Bive and Chute Lambs</i> (No. 6. p. 93.).—I do not + know whether my answer to your correspondent's inquiry about + <i>bive</i> and chute lambs will be satisfactory, inasmuch as + the price he gives of "<i>bive</i>" lambs "apeece" is larger + than the price of the "chute." Twin lambs are still called + <i>bive</i> lambs on the borders of Sussex and Kent; and chute + lambs are fat lambs.</p> + + <p><i>Chuet</i> is an old word signifying a fat greasy pudding. + It is rightly applied to Falstaff:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Peace, <i>chewet</i>, peace."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p style="text-align: right;margin-right:20%;"><i>1st Part K. + Hen. IV.</i></p> + + <p class="author">WM. DURRANT COOPER.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Latin Names of Towns</i>.—"M." (No. 25. p. 402.) + wishes for some guide with reference to the Latin names of + towns. A great deal of assistance may be obtained from an + octavo volume, published anonymously, and bearing the title + "Dictionnaire Interprète-manuel des Noms Latins de la + Géographie ancienne et moderne; pour servir à l'Intelligence + des Auteurs Latins, principalement des Auteurs Classiques; avec + les Désignations principales des Lieux. Ouvrage utile à ceux + qui lisent les Poëtes, les Historiens, les Martyrologes, les + Chartes, les vieux Actes," &c. &c. A Paris, 1777.</p> + + <p class="author">R.G.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Le Petit Albert</i> (No. 24. p. 385.).—I suspect + this Petit Albert, in 32mo.—a size in harmony with the + cognomen—is only a catchpenny publication, to which the + title of <i>Le Petit Albert</i> has been given by way of + resembling its name to that of Albertus Magnus, who wrote a + work or works of a character which gave rise, in the middle + ages, to the accusation that he practised magical arts; and + hence, probably, any abridgement or compendium of them, or any + little work on such arts, would be styled by the French + compiler <i>Le Petit Albert</i>. In the <i>Biographie + Universelle</i>, it is affirmed that the rhapsodies known under + the name of <i>Secrets du Petit Albert</i> are not by Albertus + Magnus; a statement which favours the belief that the work + mentioned by your correspondent "JARLZBERG" is one of that + vulgar class (like our old Moore's Almanack, &c.) got up + for sale among the superstitious and the ignorant, and palmed + on the world under the mask of a celebrated name. According to + Bayle, Albertus Magnus has, by some, been termed <i>Le Petit + Albert</i>, owing, it is said, to the diminutiveness of his + stature, which was on so small a scale, that when he, on one + occasion, paid his respects to the pope, the pontiff supposed + he was still kneeling at his feet after he had risen up and was + standing erect.</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.</p> + + <p>Oxford, April 19.</p> + + <p class="note">[<i>Of Le Petit Albert</i>, of which it appears + by Grässe's <i>Bibliotheca Magica</i> there were editions + printed at Cologne in 1722, Lyons 1775, and even at Paris in + 1837, we are told in Colin de Plancy's <i>Dictionnaire + Infernal</i>, s. v. Albert le Grand, "On a quelquefois défendu + ce livre, et alors il s'est vendu énormément cher."]</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Walter Lynne</i> (No. 23. p. 367.).—"G.P." may look + for Walter Lynne into Johnson's <i>Typographia</i>, i. 556., of + which copies may be had very reasonably at Mr. Miller's (see + end of No. 15.), 43. Chandos Street.</p> + + <p>Your intimation of brevity is attended to; though, in truth, + little more could come from</p> + + <p class="author">NOVUS.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Emancipation of the Jews</i> (No. 25. p. + 491.).—"H.M.A." inquires—1. If the story mentioned + in the Thurloe State Papers, that the Jews sought to obtain St. + Paul's Cathedral for a Synagogue, has been confirmed by other + writers? In Egan's <i>Status of the Jews in England</i>, I find + the following passage:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Monteith informs us, that during the Commonwealth, + overtures were made on behalf of the Hebrews + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page475" + id="page475"></a>{475}</span> to the Parliament and + Council of War, through the medium of two popular + adherents of the parliamentarians; the Jews offered to + pay for the privileges then sought by them, the sum of + 500,000<i>l.</i>; several debates took place on the + subject, but the <i>ultimatum</i> of the Puritans being + 800,000<i>l.</i>, the negotiation was broken off."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The authorities cited on this point by the learned writer + are, Monteith's <i>History of Great Britain</i>, p. 473.; and + Thurloe's <i>State Papers</i>, vol. ii. p. 652.</p> + + <p>On reference to Monteith, I find the following + passage:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"What is very remarkable in this is, that the Jews, who + crucified the Son of God, by whom Kings reign, took then + occasion of the conjuncture which seemed favourable to + them. They presented a petition to the Council of War, who + crucified Him again in the person of the King, His + Vicegerent in the kingdoms over which God had set him. By + their petition, they requested that the act of their + banishment might be repealed and <i>that they might have + St. Paul's Church for their synagogue</i>, for which, + <i>and the library of Oxford</i>, wherewith they desired to + begin their traffic again, they offered five hundred + thousand pounds, but the Council of War would have + eight."—Monteiths's <i>Hist. of the Troubles of Great + Britain</i>, p. 473.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>I conclude that the author of the <i>Status of the Jews</i>, + by omitting to notice the alleged desire of the Jews to obtain + St. Paul's Cathedral, considered that the acrimonious + statements of Monteith were not borne out by accredited or + unprejudiced authorities; for it is but justice to state, it + has been admitted by some of our most eminent critics, that Mr. + Egan's book on the Jews displays as dispassionate and impartial + a review of their condition in this country as it evinces a + profundity of historical and legal research.</p> + + <p>"H.M.A.'s" second question I am unable to answer, not being + sufficiently versed in the religious dogmas of the Jews.</p> + + <p class="author">B.A.</p> + + <p>Christ Church, Oxford.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Emancipation of the Jews</i> (No. 25. p. + 401.).—"MR. AUSTEN," who inquires (p. 401.) about the + Jews during the Commonwealth will do well to refer to a chapter + on the Jews in Godwin's <i>History of the Commonwealth</i>, and + to Sir Henry Ellis's notes on a remarkable letter describing a + Jewish synagogue in London immediately after the Restoration, + in the second series of his <i>Letters</i>; and in these two + places he will, I think, find references to all known passages + on the subject of Cromwell's proceedings as regards the + Jews.</p> + + <p class="author">C.H.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>As lazy as Ludlum's Dog</i> (No. 24. p. 382.).—This + proverb is repeated somewhat differently in <i>The Doctor, + &c.</i>, "As <i>lazy</i> as <i>Ludlum's</i> dog, as + <i>leaned</i> his head against a wall to bark." I venture to + suggest that this is simply one of the large class of + alliterative proverbs so common in every language, and often + without meaning. In Devonshire they say as "Busy as Batty," but + no one knows who "Batty" was. As I have mentioned <i>The + Doctor, &c.</i>, I may was well jot down two more odd + sayings from the same old curiosity-shop:—"As proud as + old COLE's dog which took the wall of a dung-CART, and got + CRUSHED by the wheel." And, "As queer as Dick's hat-band, that + went nine times round his hat and was fastened by a rush at + last."</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>St. Winifreda</i> (No. 24. p. 384.).—Your Querist + will find some information in Warton's <i>Hist. Eng. + Poetry</i>, vol. i. p. 14., note, 1824.</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + + <p>Totnes, April 18. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>"<i>Vert Vert</i>" (No. 23. p. 366.)—It may be of some + assistance to your Querist "ROBERT SNOW," in his endeavour to + trace illustrations from Gresset's "Vert Vert," to know that + the mark of RAUX, who is said to have painted these subjects, + was composed of ten small ciphers; seven of which were placed + in a circle: the other three formed a tail, thus, + <a href="images/475.png"><img class="inline" + src="images/475.png" + width="8%" + alt="" /></a> something like the Roman capital Q. This + artist, between the years 1750 and 1800, was employed in + the decoration of the Sèvres porcelain: his usual subjects + were bouquets or groups of flowers; and his mark will be + found underneath the double L, interlaced, inclosing some + capital letter or letters denoting the year such ware was + manufactured.</p> + + <p class="author">W.C. Jun.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>"<i>Esquire</i>" <i>and</i> "<i>Gentleman</i>."—The + amusing article in No. 27., on the title of "Esquire," recalled + to my memory the resolution passed by the corporation of + Stratford-on-Avon, when they presented the freedom of that town + to Garrick. It runs something like this:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Through love and regard to the memory of the immortal + <i>Mr.</i> William Shakspeare, and being fully sensible of + the extraordinary merits of his most judicious + representative, David Garrick, <i>Esquire</i>."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Had David a better right to the title than the great poet? + Shakespeare, in the latter part of his life, was no doubt + <i>Master Shakspeare</i>, a title so common as even to be + bestowed upon the geometer of Alexandria. In Bayford's + collection is preserved a Catalogue advertising "<i>Master</i> + Euclid's Elements of Plain Geometry."</p> + + <p class="author">J.O. HALLIWELL.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Pope Felix and Pope Gregory</i>.—"E.M.B." (No. 26. + p. 415.) inquires who was "Pope Felix," whom Ælfric called the + "fifth father" of S. Gregory the Great? This is a much disputed + question, and a great deal depends upon the meaning to be + attached to the unsatisfactory expression "atavus," used by + Pope Gregory himself, in <i>Evangel. Hom.</i> xxxviii. § 15., + and found also in <span class="pagenum"><a name="page476" + id="page476"></a>{476}</span> the dialogues commonly + attributed to him. (Lib. iv. cap. xvi.) Your correspondent + may consult Beda, <i>Hist. Eccl. Gen. Anglor.</i>, lib. ii. + cap. 1., with the note by Mr. Stevenson, who supposes that + Pope Felix <i>III.</i> was alluded to by his "venerable" + author: This is the opinion of Bollandus (ad 25 Feb.), as + well as of Cardinal Baronius; (<i>Annall.</i> ad an. 581; + <i>et Martyrol. Rom.</i> die Feb. 25. Conf. De Aste, in + <i>Martyrolog. Disceptat.</i>, p. 96.; Beneventi, 1716); but + Joannes Diaconus (<i>S. Greg. Vit.</i> lib. i. cap. i.) + employs these decisive terms, "<i>quartus</i> Felix, sedis + Apostolicæ Pontifex." It is of course possible to translate + "atavus meus" merely "my ancestor;" and this will leave the + relationship sufficiently undefined.</p> + + <p class="author">R.G.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Love's last Shift</i> (No. 24. p. 383).—"The + Duchess of Bolton (natural daughter of the Duke of Monmouth) + used to divert George I. by affecting to make blunders. Once + when she had been at the play of <i>Love's last Shift</i>, she + called it '<i>La dernière chemise</i> de + l'amour.'"—<i>Walpoliana</i>, xxx.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Quem Deus vult perdere</i> (No. 22, p. 351., and No. 26, + p. 421.).—"C.J.R." having pointed out a presumed + imitation of this thought, it may not be impertinent to + observe, that Dryden also has adopted the sentiment in the + following lines:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"For those whom God to ruin has designed,</p> + + <p>He fits for fate, and first destroys their + mind."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p style="text-align: right;margin-right:20%;"><i>Hind and + Panther</i>, part 3.</p> + + <p class="author">G.S. FABER.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Dayrolles</i> (No. 23. p. 373).—The following + information is appended to a description of the <i>Dayrolles + Correspondence</i>, in 21 folio vols. in the Catalogue of Mr. + Upcott's Collection, sold by Messrs. Evans a few years + ago:—</p> + + <center> + <i>Note copied from the Catalogue of Manuscripts, &c., + belonging to the late Mr. Upcott.</i> + </center> + + <p>"James Dayrolles was resident at the Hague from 1717 to his + death, 2nd January, 1739.</p> + + <p>"Solomon Dayrolles, his nephew, commenced his diplomatic + career under James, first Earl of Waldegrave, when that + nobleman was ambassador at Vienna. He was godson of Philip, the + distinguished Earl of Chesterfield, and was sworn a Gentleman + of the Privy Chamber to George II., 27th Feb. 1740, in the room + of Sir Philip Parker, long deceased, and on the accession of + George III. was again appointed, 5th February, 1761.</p> + + <p>"In 1745, being at that time secretary to Lord Chesterfield, + in Holland, Mr. Dayrolles was nominated to be secretary to his + lordship at Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.</p> + + <p>"In May, 1747, he was promoted to be President in the United + Provinces; and in November, 1751, Resident at Brussels, where + he continued till August, 1757. He died in March, 1786."</p> + + <p class="author">J.T.C.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Solomon Dayrolles</i>.—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"24th Dec. 1786. Married Baron de Reidezel, aid-de-camp + to the Duke of Wirtemberg, to Miss Dayrolles, 2d dau. of + <i>the late Solomon Dayrolles</i> of Hanover + Square."—<i>Gent. Mag.</i> v. <i>56</i>, p. 1146.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Probably Mr. Dayrolles' death may be recorded in the + register of St. George's.</p> + + <p class="author">B.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Emerods</i> (No. 18. p. 282.) pro <i>hæmorrhoids</i>. + "Golden emerods" would be an absurdity if <i>emerod</i> meant + "emerald." "The Philistines made golden emerods," i.e. golden + images of hæmorrhoids (diseased veins), in commemoration of + being delivered from plagues, of which such states of disease + were concomitant signs.</p> + + <p class="author">TREBOR.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Military Execution</i> (No. 16. p. 246.).—Your + correspondent "MELANION" is informed that the anecdote refers + to Murat, and the author of the sentiment is Lord Byron. See + <i>Byron's Poems</i>, Murray's edit. 1 vol. 8vo. p. 561., note + 4.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>"<i>M. or N.</i>" (No. 26. p. 415.)—I do not think + that "M. or N." are used as the initials of any particular + words; they are the middle letters of the alphabet, and, at the + time the Prayer Book was compiled, it seems to have been the + fashion to employ them in the way in which we now use the first + two. There are only two offices, the Catechism and the + Solemnisation of Matrimony, in which more than one letter is + used. In the former, the answer to the first question has + always stood "N. or M." In the office of Matrimony, however, in + Edward the Sixth's Prayer Books, both the man and woman are + designated by the letter N—"I, N., take thee, N., to my + wedded wife;" whilst in our present book M. is applied to the + man and N. to the woman. The adoption of one letter, and the + subsequent substitution of another, in this service, evidently + for the sake of a more clear distinction only, sufficiently + shows that no particular name or word was intended by either. + Possibly some future "J.C." may inquire of what words the + letters "A.B.," which our legislators are so fond of using in + their Acts of Parliament, are the initials.</p> + + <p class="author">ARUN.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>"<i>M. or N.</i>" (No. 26, p. 415.).—"M." and "N.," + and particularly "N.," are still in frequent use in France for + <i>quidam</i> or <i>quædam</i>; so also is X. We read every day + of Monsieur N. or Madame X., where they wish to suppress the + name.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Sapcote Motto</i> (No. 23. p. 366.).—This motto is + known to be French, and as far as it can be decyphered + is—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"sco toot × vinic [or umic]</p> + + <p>× pones,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>the first and last letters <i>s</i> being possibly + flourishes. This certainly seems unpromising enough. The name + being Sapcote, <i>quasi</i> Sub-cote, and the arms + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page477" + id="page477"></a>{477}</span> "three dove-cotes," I venture + to conjecture "Sous cote unissons," as not very far from the + letters given. If it be objected that the word "cote" is not + in use in this sense, it may be remarked that French, "After + the scole of Stratford atte bowe," might borrow such a + meaning to suit the sound, from "côte," in the sense of a + side or declivity. And if the objection is fatal to the + conjecture, I would then propose "Sous toit unissons." If we + reject the supposed flourishes at the beginning and ending + of the inscription, and take it to be—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>CO TOOT VNIC</p> + + <p class="i4">CONC,</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>the c being a well-known ancient form of s, there is a + difference of only one letter between the inscription as + decyphered and the proposed motto.</p> + + <p>If either of these is adopted, the sentiment of family union + and family gathering, "As doves to their windows," is well + adapted for a family device.</p> + + <p class="author">T.C.</p> + + <p>Durham, May 2. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Finkle or Finkel</i> (No. 24. p. 384.).—Is not + "Finkle" very probably derived from <i>Finc</i>, a finch, in + the A.-S.? <i>Fingle</i> Bridge, which spans the river Teign, + amidst some most romantic scenery, has the following etymology + assigned to it by a local antiquary, W.T.P. Short, Esq. (vide + <i>Essay on Druidical Remains in Devon</i>, p. 26.): + "<i>Fyn</i>, a terminus or boundary; and <i>Gelli</i>, hazel, + the hazeltree limits or boundary." But, Query, is not the + second syllable rather <i>Gill</i>, akin to the numerous tribe + of "gills" or "ghylls," in the North Countrie?</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.B.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Meaning of Finkle.</i>—Referring to No. 24. p. 384. + of your most welcome and useful publication, will you allow me + to say, touching the inquiry as to the derivation and meaning + of the word "Finkle" or "Finkel" as applied to a street, that + the Danish word "Vincle" applied to an angle or corner, is + perhaps a more satisfactory derivation than "fynkylsede, + <i>feniculum</i>," the meaning suggested by your correspondent + "L." in No. 26. p. 419. It is in towns where there are traces + of Danish occupation that a "Finkle Street" is found; at least + many of the northern towns which have a street so designated + were inhabited by the Danish people, and some of those streets + are winding or angular. Finchale, a place, as you know, of fame + in monastic annals, is a green secluded spot, half insulated by + a bend of the river Wear; and Godric's Garth, the adjacent + locality of the hermitage of its famous saint, is of an angular + form. But then the place is mentioned, by the name of Finchale, + as the scene of occurrences that long preceded the coming of + the Danes; and the second syllable may be derived from the + Saxon "alh" or "healh," as the place was distinguished for a + building there in Saxon times.</p> + + <p class="author">W.S.G.</p> + + <p>Newcastle, May 4. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>Your correspondent "W.M." ("<i>Finkel.</i>" p. 384.) may not + have recollected that there is a beautiful ruin on the river + Wear near Durham, of which the name is pronounced (though not + spelt) <i>Finkel</i> Abbey.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Christian Captives</i> (No. 27. p. 441.).—As a very + small contribution towards an answer to "R.W.B.'s" inquiry, I + may inform you that Lady Russell mentions in her <i>Letters</i> + (p. 338., ed. 1792) that Sir William Coventry left by his will + 3000<i>l.</i> to redeem slaves.</p> + + <p class="author">C.H.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Christian Captives</i> (No. 27. p. 441.).—"R.W.B." + may be referred to the case of "Attorney-General <i>v.</i> the + Ironmongers' Company," which was a suit for the administration + of a fund bequeathed for the redemption of the captives. See 2 + <i>Mylne & Keen</i>, 576.; 2 <i>Beavan</i>, 313., 10 + <i>Beavan</i>, 194.; and 1 <i>Craig & Philips</i>, 208.: + all of which I mention to be Reports in Chancery, in case he be + not a lawyer.</p> + + <p class="author">A.J.H.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Ecclesiastical Year</i> (No. 24. p. 381.).—"NATHAN" + is informed, that, according to the legal supputation, until + A.D. 1752, the year of Our Lord in that part of Great Britain + called England, began on the 25th day of March, as he will find + stated in the 24 Geo. II. c. 23., by which Act it was enacted, + that the 1st day of January next following the last day of + December, 1751, should be the first day of the year 1752; and + that the 1st day of January in every year in time to come + should be the first day of the year.</p> + + <p>Philippe de Thaun, in his <i>Livre des Créatures</i>, which + was written in the first half of the twelfth century, p. 48. of + the edition published for the Historical Society of Science, + has some remarks which may interest your correspondent, that + are thus literally translated by Mr. Wright:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In March, the year ought always to begin,</p> + + <p>According to that explanation which we find in the + book,</p> + + <p>That in the twelve kalends of April, as your + understand,</p> + + <p>Our Creator formed the first,</p> + + <p>Where the sun always will begin his course,</p> + + <p>But at all times we make the year begin in + January,</p> + + <p>Because the Romans did so first;</p> + + <p>We will not un-make what the elders did."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">ARUN.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Hanap.</i>—Among the specimens of ancient and + mediæval art now exhibiting in John Street, Adelphi, I was + struck with the number of gilt cups, called in the catalogue + <i>hanaps</i>. The word was new to me; but I have since met + with it (as frequently happens after one's interest has been + excited with respect to a word) in Walter Scott's <i>Quentin + Durward</i>, in vol. i. chap. 3.; or rather, vol. xxxi. p. 60. + of the edition in 48 vols., Cadell, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page478" + id="page478"></a>{478}</span> 1831; in which place the + context of the scene appears to connect the idea of + <i>hanap</i> with a cup containing treasure.</p> + + <p>Now I cannot find <i>hanap</i> in any dictionary to which I + have access; but I find <i>hanaper</i> in every one. Johnson, + and others, give the word <i>Hanaper</i> as synonymous with + <i>treasury</i> or <i>exchequer</i>. They also contract + <i>Hanaper</i> into <i>Hamper</i>. For example, in Dyche's + <i>English Dictionary</i>, 17th ed. Lond. 1794, we + have,—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Hamper</i>, or <i>Hanaper</i>, a wicker basket made + with a cover to fasten it up with; also, an office in + Chancery; the clerk or warden of the <i>Hanaper</i> + receives all monies due to the king for seals of charters, + &c.... and takes into his custody all sealed charters, + patents, &c.,... which he now puts into bags, but + anciently, it is supposed, into <i>Hampers</i>, which gave + the denomination to the office."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>And perhaps it may be remarked here, since we commonly say + of a man in difficulties that he is "exchequered" or in + "chancery," that so we probably intend to express the same, + when we say a man is <i>hanapered</i>, or <i>hampered</i>.</p> + + <p>Thus, there is no difficulty about the meaning of + <i>Hanaper</i>; and its connection with <i>treasure</i> is + plain and clear enough: and, with respect to <i>cups</i>, + though chiefly used for drinking, the presentation of them with + sums of money in them has ever been, and indeed is, so very + customary, that it is needless to occupy space here with + instances. But I cannot distinctly connect the <i>hanap</i> of + the exhibition with <i>hanaper</i>: and I perhaps ought to look + in another direction for its true signification and + etymology.</p> + + <p class="author">ROBERT SNOW.</p> + + <p class="note">[Our correspondents who have written upon the + subject of Hanap are referred to Halliwell's <i>Archaic + Dictionary</i>, where they will find "HANAP, a cup. <i>Test. + Vet.</i> p. 99.;" to Ducange, s.v. "HANAPUS, HANAPPUS, + HANAPHUS, vas, patera, crater, (Vas ansatum et pede instructum, + quo a poculo distinguitur), ex Saxonico <i>Hnaep</i>, + <i>Hnaeppa</i>, Germ. <i>Napf</i>, calix patera;" and to + Guenebault, <i>Dict. Iconographique des Monuments</i>, who + refers again for particulars of this species of drinking cup to + the works of Soumerard and Willemin.]</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Life of W. Godwin.</i>—"N.'s" inquiry (No. 26. p. + 415.) for an account of the life of W. Godwin, and more + particularly of his last hours, leads me to express hope in + your columns that the memoirs of Godwin, which were announced + for publication shortly after his death, but which family + disputes, as I have understood, prevented from appearing, may + not much longer be denied to the public. I am not aware of any + better account of Godwin's life, to which "N." can now be + referred, than the sketch in the <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">CH.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Charles II. and Lord R.'s Daughter.—Earl of + Ranelagh.</i>—Since I inquired in your columns (No. 25. + p. 399.) who was the lady mentioned in a passage of Henry + Sidney's <i>Diary</i>, edited by Mr. Blencowe, as Lord R.'s + daughter, and a new mistress of Charles II., who in March 1680 + brought Monmouth to the King for reconciliation, I have, by Mr. + Blencowe's kindness, seen the original <i>Diary</i>, which is + in the possession of the Earl of Chichester. The name of the + nobleman is there abbreviated: the letters appear to be + <i>Rane.</i>, and it is probably Lord Ranelagh who is intended. + I do not remember any other notice of this amour of Charles + II., and should be glad to be referred to any other information + on the subject. Charles II.'s mistresses are political + characters; and in this notice of Lord R.'s daughter, we find + her meddling in state affairs.</p> + + <p>I do not know whether this lady, if indeed a daughter of a + Lord Ranelagh, would be the daughter or sister of the Lord + Ranelagh living in 1680, who was the first Earl of Ranelagh and + third Viscount, and who is described by Burnet as a very able + and very dissolute man, and a great favourite of Charles II. + (<i>Hist. of his own Time</i>, i. 462., ii. 99., ed. 1823); and + who, having held the office of Vice-Treasurer in Ireland during + three reigns, was turned out of it in disgrace in 1703. He died + in 1711, leaving no son, but three daughters, one of whom was + unmarried; he was the last, as well as first, Earl of Ranelagh. + The elder title of Viscount went to a cousin, and still + exists.</p> + + <p class="author">CH.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> + + <p><i>Dr. Sclater's Works.</i>—Books written by W. + Sclater, D.D., omitted in Wood's <i>Ath. Oxon.</i> edit. Bliss. + vol. iii. col. 228.:—</p> + + <p>"A Threefold Preseruatiue against three dangerous diseases + of these latter times:—</p> + + <p>"1. Non-proficiency in Grace.</p> + + <p>"2. Fals-hearted Hypocrisie.</p> + + <p>"3. Back-sliding in Religion.</p> + + <p>"Prescribed in a Sermon at S. Paul's Crosse in London, + September 17, 1609. London. 1610." 4to. Ded. to "Master Iohn + Colles, Esquire," from which it seems that Sclater had been + presented to his living by the father of this gentleman. The + Ser. is on Heb. vi. 4-6.</p> + + <p>"A Sermon preached at the last generall Assise holden for + the County of Somerset at Taunton. London, 1616." 8vo. On Ps. + lxxxii. 6, 7. Ded. to "John Colles, Esq., High Sheriffe of + Sommerset."</p> + + <p>"Three Sermons preached by William Sclater, Doctor of + Diuinity, and Minister of the Word of God at Pitmister [sic] in + Sommersetshire. Now published by his Sonne of King's Colledge + in Cambridge. London, 1629." 4to. On 1 Pet. ii. 11., 2 Kings, + ix. 31., and Heb. ix. 27, 28. The last is a funeral Sermon for + John Colles, Esq., preached in 1607.</p> + + <p class="author">JOHN J. DREDGE.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Runes.</i>—Worsäae (<i>Primeval Antiquities of + Denmark</i>, 1849) mentions that inscriptions are found + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page479" + id="page479"></a>{479}</span> in Denmark, Norway, and + Sweden, written in different languages in <i>Runic + character</i>. He also mentions the fact of a Pagan Runic + inscription occurring at Jellinge, Denmark, on the tomb of + old King Gorm, A.D. c. 900, found in a huge barrow; and, at + the same place, a Christian Runic inscription on the tomb of + his son Harold. Has this inquiry been extended to British + Runes, and might it not throw much light upon many monuments + of dates prior to the Conquest? Crossed slabs with Runes + have been found at Hartlepool, Durham; have the inscriptions + been read? (Boutell's <i>Christian Monuments</i>, p. 3.; + Cutt's <i>Manual of Sepulchral Slabs</i>, pp. 52. 60. plate + III.)</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> + + <h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>The <i>Nibelungenlied</i>, which has been aptly designated + the German Iliad, has hitherto been a sealed book to the mere + English reader. Mr. Lettsom has however just published a most + successful translation of it under the title of <i>The Fall of + the Nibelungers</i>. Few will rise from a perusal of the + English version of this great national epic—which in its + present form is a work of the thirteenth century—without + being struck with the innate power and character of the + original poem; and without feeling grateful to Mr. Lettsom for + furnishing them with so pleasing and spirited a version of + it.</p> + + <p>Captain Curling, Clerk of the Cheque of what was formerly + designated the Band of Gentleman Pensioners, has, under the + influence of a laudable <i>esprit de corps</i>, combined the + disjointed materials which Pegge had collected upon the subject + with the fruits of his own researches; and, under the title of + <i>Some Account of the Ancient Corp of Gentlemen-at-Arms</i>, + has produced a volume of great interest doubtless to his + "brothers in arms," and containing some curious illustrations + of court ceremonial.<a id="footnotetag9" + name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a></p> + + <p>Mr. Timbs, the editor of <i>The Year-Book of Facts</i>, + &c., announces for early publication a work on which he has + been engaged for some time, entitled <i>Curiosities of + London</i>. It will, we believe, be altogether of a different + character from Mr. Cunningham's <i>Handbook</i>, and treat + rather of present London and its amusements than those of + historical and literary associations which give a charm to Mr. + Cunningham's volume.</p> + + <p>We are glad to find that the most mysterious and mystified + portion of the Greek Geometry is likely to receive at last a + complete elucidation—we mean the "Porisms." There are so + many questions arising out of this subject, respecting the + development of the Grecian intellect, that a full discussion of + them is no easy task; especially of those arising out of the + conflicting testimonies furnished by history, and by the + internal evidences contained in the existing works of the + "fathers of Geometry." We certainly anticipate, from the known + character of the minds now engaged in this work, that some + conclusive evidence as to the state of geometry anterior to the + time of Euclid will be elicited by Messrs. Potts and Davies. + The analysis of the writings of all the authors who have + treated on the Porism, will form a subject of interest not only + for its assigning to every author his fair share of credit for + his contributions towards perfecting the poristic method; but + for that <i>critical discrimination of principles</i>, which + constitutes one of the marked features of Mr. Davies's writings + in the archæology of geometry. We shall be glad if his slight + notice of the intended work shall bring some accession of aid + to the undertaking in the form of subscriptions: as upon + adequate support, it appears, must depend whether the work + shall go to press, or the project be abandoned.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues:—Thomas + Thorpe's (13. Henrietta Street) General Catalogue of very + Choice, Curious, Rare, and most Interesting Books recently + purchased, including some hundred articles of the utmost + rarity. Williams and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street) No. 24. + of German Book Circular, a Quarterly List of the principal New + Publications on the Continent; C.J. Stewart's (11. King William + Street, West Strand) Catalogue of Dogmatical, Polemical, and + Ascetical Theology.</p> + <hr /> + + <blockquote> + <p>WANTED.—MANUSCRIPT OF OLD ENGLISH + POETRY.—Borrowed, within the last few months, from + the Town Residence of a Gentleman, a large 4to. MS., in + modern binding, of Early English Poetry, by Richard Rolle, + of Hampole; containing, among other matters, Religious + Pieces couched in the form of Legal Instruments, and a + Metrical Chronicle of the Kings of England, in the style of + Lydgate's. As the owner does not recollect to whom it was + lent, and is very anxious to refer to it, he will be + obliged by its immediate return, either to himself + directly, or, if more convenient, to the Editor of "NOTES + AND QUERIES."</p> + </blockquote> + <hr /> + + <h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> + + <h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> + + <center> + (<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>) + </center> + + <p>THE DOCTRINE OF CONSCIENCE FRAMED ACCORDING TO THE FORM IN + THE COMMON PRAYER BOOK. by Y.N., London. 1636, 8vo., written by + John Prideaux, Lord Bishop of Worcester.</p> + + <center> + <i>Odd Volume</i>. + </center> + + <p>ARMY LIST for August 1814.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + + <p><i>Our pages again exhibit a large proportion of</i> + REPLIES. <i>Our next Number, which will complete our First + Volume, will do the same, as it is obviously for the + convenience of our readers that the</i> REPLIES <i>should, as + far as possible, appear in the same Volume with the</i> QUERIES + <i>to which they relate</i>.</p> + <hr class="adverts" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page480" + id="page480"></a>{480}</span> + + <p class="author">13. Great Marlborough Street</p> + + <h2>MR. COLBURN</h2> + + <h4>has just published the following</h4> + + <h3>VALUABLE & INTERESTING WORKS.</h3> + <hr class="short" /> + + <h4>I.</h4> + + <p>BURKE'S PEERAGE and BARONETAGE for 1850. New Edition, + revised and corrected throughout, from the personal + communications of the Nobility, &c. 1 vol. royal 8vo., + beautifully printed in double columns (comprising as much + matter as 20 ordinary volumes), with 1500 Engravings of Arms, + &c., bound, 1<i>l.</i> 18<i>s.</i></p> + + <h4>II.</h4> + + <p>BURKE'S HISTORY of the LANDED GENTRY for 1850, corrected to + the Present Time: a Genealogical Dictionary of the whole of the + Untitled Aristocracy of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and + comprising particulars of 100,000 persons connected with them. + 2 vols. royal 8vo., including the SUPPLEMENT (equal to 30 + ordinary volumes), bound, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <h4>III.</h4> + + <p>EVELYN'S DIARY and CORRESPONDENCE. New and cheaper Edition, + revised, with numerous additional Notes, 4 vols. post 8vo., + with Illustrations (Vols. I. and II., comprising the Diary, are + now ready). Price of each volume, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <h4>IV.</h4> + + <p>PEPYS' DIARY and CORRESPONDENCE, illustrative of the Reigns + of Charles II. and JAMES II. Edited by LORD BRAYBROOKE. New and + revised Edition, with the omitted Passages restored from the + original MS., many additional Notes, &c. 5 vols. post 8vo., + with Portraits, &c., 2<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <h4>V.</h4> + + <p>LIVES of the PRINCESSES of ENGLAND. By Mrs. EVERETT GREEN, + Editor of the "Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies." 2 + vols. post 8vo., with Illustrations, bound, 1<i>l.</i> + 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <h4>VI.</h4> + + <p>NOTES from NINEVEH, and TRAVELS in MESOPOTAMIA, ASSYRIA, and + SYRIA. By the Rev. J.P. FLETCHER, Minister of St. Saviour's + Church, Haverstock Hill, 2 vols. 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"A work of great merit; not less acceptable as a book of + travel than valuable as an auxiliary to the archæology of + the Holy Scriptures."—<i>Standard</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <h4>VII.</h4> + + <p>MADAME PULSZKY'S MEMOIRS; with interesting Details of the + LATE EVENTS in HUNGARY. Dedicated to the Marchioness of + Lansdowne. 2 vols, 21<i>s.</i> bound.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Worthy of a place by the side of the Memoirs of Madame + de Stael and Madame Campan."—<i>Globe</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <h4>ALSO, JUST PUBLISHED,</h4> + + <p>A SECOND EDITION of Mr. WARBURTON's REGINALD HASTINGS: an + Historical Romance.</p> + + <p>Revised, with a new Preface. 3 vols.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"As an historical romancist, Mr. Warburton takes a first + wrangler's rank."—<i>Literary Gazette</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + <hr /> + + <p>DR. WORDSWORTH ON CHURCH QUESTIONS OF THE DAY.</p> + + <p>Now ready, in 8vo., price 8<i>s.</i>, in cloth,</p> + + <p>OCCASIONAL SERMONS, preached at Westminster Abbey, in March + and April 1850. By CHRISTOPHER WORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of + Westminster.</p> + + <p>These Sermons may be had separately, price 1<i>s.</i> each, + as follows:—</p> + + <center> + Just published, + </center> + + <p>No. VII. The CHURCH of ENGLAND in 1711 and 1850.</p> + + <p>No. VIII. The CHURCH of ENGLAND and the CHURCH of ROME in + 1850. CONCLUSION.</p> + + <center> + Just reprinted, + </center> + + <p>Nos. IV., V., and VI., an INQUIRY—Whether the + BAPTISMAL OFFICES of the CHURCH of ENGLAND may be interpreted + in a CALVINISTIC SENSE?—No. III. The DOCTRINE of BAPTISM + with reference to the Opinion of PREVENIENT GRACE.—No. + II. On PLEAS alleged for SEPARATION from the CHURCH.—No. + 1. COUNSELS and CONSOLATIONS in TIMES of HERESY and SCHISM.</p> + + <center> + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + Preparing for Publication by Subscription, price + 10<i>s.</i> + </center> + + <center> + A TRANSLATION OF + </center> + + <p>DR. SIMSON'S RESTORATION of EUCLID'S PORISMS. With Notes by + ROBERT POTTS, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge; with Historical + Geometrical, and Analytical Dissertations and Illustrations, by + T.S. DAVIES, F.R.S. Lond. and Ed., F.S.A., Royal Military + Academy, Woolwich.</p> + + <p>The printing will be commenced as soon as the number of + subscribers is sufficient to indemnify the authors for the + inevitable outlay upon the work; but should that number not be, + at least approximately, obtained, their intention must be + abandoned. Gentlemen desirous of supporting this undertaking + will oblige the authors by an early intimation to that + effect.</p> + <hr /> + + <center> + In 8vo., with 14 Plates, Price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + </center> + + <p>ANASTATIC PRINTING and PAPYROGRAPHY: their various + Applications to the Reprinting of Letterpress, the Reprinting + of Engravings, the Multiplying of Ornamental Patterns, the + successive Alterations of the same Design; Papyrography with + Ink—Writing Circulars, Music, Oriental Characters, + &c., Pen-Etching, Tracing Facsimiles of Engravings; + Papyrography with Chalk—Printing in Colours, Printing + Rubbings of Brasses, Drawing with Heel-ball, &c. &c. + With illustrative Examples, by PHILIP H. DELAMOTTE.</p> + + <center> + London: published by DAVID BOGUE, Fleet Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + EDUCATION, SCIENCE, AND GENERAL LITERATURE. + </center> + + <center> + Now ready, and will be sent by post (free) to any one + writing for them, + </center> + + <p>DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES of BOOKS for SCHOOLS and COLLEGES, + and of CHEMICAL, MEDICAL, and LITERARY WORKS, published by + TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, and 27. + Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.</p> + + <p>The object of these two Catalogues is, to convey a more + satisfactory notion of the contents of the books in them, than + can be drawn from reading the titles. Instead of laudatory + extracts from reviews, general notices are given of the chief + subjects and most prominent peculiarities of the books. The + Catalogues are designed to put the reader, as far as possible, + in the same position as if he had inspected for himself, at + least cursorily, the works described; and, with this view, care + has been taken, in drawing up the notices, merely to state + facts, with but little comment, and no exaggeration + whatever.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" + name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote + 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + + <p><i>A View of Devonshire in MDCXXX.</i>, by Thomas + Westcote, Esq., Exeter, 1845.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" + name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote + 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + + <p>The unlettered bard has probably confused "styx" with + the kindling, "yelding," of hell-fire.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote3" + name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote + 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + + <p>Flame.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote4" + name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote + 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + + <p>I have often wondered what namsac (so pronounced) could + be, but since I have seen the story as told by "H.J.M." it + is evidently "namesake."</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote5" + name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote + 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + + <p>Probably crook in the original, to rhyme with Jock.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote6" + name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote + 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a> + + <p>"I way'd me" is yet used in parts of Yorkshire for "I + went."</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote7" + name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote + 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a> + + <p>"To late" is "to seek;" from <i>lateo</i>, as if by a + confusion of hiding and seeking.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote8" + name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote + 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a> + + <p>"Kirk" is not a very good rhyme to "seek;" perhaps it + should be "search" and "church".</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote9" + name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote + 9:</b><a href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a> + + <p>We find at page 200, an Order of the Council, dated Dec. + 5. 1737, respecting the disposition of the band at the + funeral of Queen Caroline, signed by "TEMPLE STANYAN," the + subject of a Query in No. 24. p. 382., and of several + Replies in our last, No. 28. p. 460.</p> + </blockquote> + <hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, + at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the + City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City + of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, May 18. 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries No. 29, Saturday, May +18, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES NO. 29, *** + +***** This file should be named 15197-h.htm or 15197-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/5/1/9/15197/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, +William Flis, and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/15197-h/images/475.png b/15197-h/images/475.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..988b01f --- /dev/null +++ b/15197-h/images/475.png diff --git a/15197.txt b/15197.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f10f69c --- /dev/null +++ b/15197.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2481 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries No. 29, Saturday, May 18, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries No. 29, Saturday, May 18, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 28, 2005 [EBook #15197] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES NO. 29, *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, +William Flis, and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 29] SATURDAY, MAY 18. 1850 {Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS + + Page + NOTES:-- + Oliver Cromwell as a Feoffee of Parson's Charity, Ely 465 + Dr. Parr and Dr. John Taylor 466 + Provincial Words 467 + Folk Lore:--Death Bed Superstition--May Marriages + --Throwing old Shoes--Sir Thomas Boleyn's Spectre + --Shuck the Dog-fiend 467 + + QUERIES:-- + Numismatic Queries 468 + Queries Proposed, No. 2., by Bolton Corney 469 + Authors who have privately printed, by E.F. Rimbault 469 + Minor Queries:--Seager a Painter--Marlow's Autograph + --MS. Diary of the Convention Parliament of + 1660--Etymology of Totnes--Dr. Maginn--Poor + Robin's Almanack--The Camp in Bulstrode Park 469 + + REPLIES:-- + Dr. Percy and the Poems of the Earl of Surrey by + J Payne Collier 471 + Symbols of the Four Evangelists 471 + Complexion 472 + Ballad of Dick and the Devil 473 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Cavell--Gootet--Christian + Captives--Pamphlets respecting Ireland--Pimlico-- + Bive and Chute Lambs--Latin Names of Towns--Le + Petit Albert--Walker Lynne--Emancipation of the + Jews--As lazy as Ludlum's Dog--St. Winifreda--Vert + Vert--"Esquire" and "Gentleman"--Pope Felix + and Pope Gregory--Love's last Shift--Quem + Deus--Dayrolles--Emerods--Military Execution-- + "M. or N."--Sapcote Motto--Finkle &c. 473 + + MISCELLANIES:-- + Dr. Sclater's Works--Runes 478 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 479 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 479 + Notice to Correspondents 479 + + * * * * * + + +OLIVER CROMWELL AS A FEOFFEE OF PARSON'S CHARITY, ELY + + +There is in Ely, where Cromwell for some years resided, an extensive +charity known as Parson's Charity, of which he was a feoffee or +governor. The following paper, which was submitted to Mr. Carlyle for +the second or third edition of his work, contains all the references +to the great Protector which are to be found in the papers now in the +possession of the trustees. The appointment of Oliver Cromwell as a +feoffee does not appear in any of the documents now remaining with +the governors of the charity. The records of the proceedings if the +feoffees of his time consist only of the collector's yearly accounts +of monies received and expended, and do not show the appointments of +the feoffees. These accounts were laid before the feoffees from time +to time, and signed by them in testimony of their allowance. + +Cromwell's name might therefore be expected to be found at the foot of +some of them; but it unfortunately happens that, from the year 1622 to +the year 1641, there is an hiatus in the accounts. At the end of Book +No. 1., between forty and fifty leaves have been cut away, and at the +commencement of Book no. 2. about twelve leaves more. Whether some +collector of curiosities has purloined these leaves for the sale of +any autographs of Cromwell contained in them, or whether their removal +may be accounted for by the questions which arose at the latter end +of the above period as to the application of the funds of the charity, +cannot now be ascertained. + +There are however, still in the possession of the governors of the +charity, several documents which clearly show that from the year +1635 to the year 1641 Cromwell was a feoffee or governor, and took an +active part in the management of the affairs of the charity. There +is an original bond, dated the 30th of May, 1638, from one Robert +Newborne to "Daniell Wigmore, Archdeacon of Ely, Oliver Cromwell, +Esq., and the rest of the Corporation of Ely." The feoffees had then +been incorporated by royal charter, under the title of "The Governors +of the Lands and Possessions of the Poor of the City or Town of Ely." + +There are some detached collectors' accounts extending over a portion +of the interval between 1622 and 1641, and indorsed, "The Accoumpts +of Mr. John Hand and Mr. William Cranford, Collectors of the Revenewes +belonging to the Towne of Ely." + +The following entries are extracted from these accounts:-- + + "The Disbursements of Mr. John Hand from the + of August 1636 unto the of + 1641." + + "Anno 1636." + +After several other items,-- + + L s. d. + "Given to diverse Poore People at ye } + Worke-house, in the presence of Mr. } + Archdeacon of Ely, Mr. Oliver Cromwell, } 16 14 0 + Mr. John Goodericke, and others, Feb. } + 10th 1636, as appeareth, } ___________ + + Summa Expens. Ann. 1636 36 3 6" + ___________ + + + "The Disbursements of Mr. Cranford." + "Item, to Jones, by Mr. Cromwell's consent} 1 0 0" + +Mr. Cranford's disbursements show no dates. His receipts immediately +followed Mr. Hand's in point of dates. + +About the year 1639 a petition was filed in the Court of Chancery by +one Thomas Fowler, on behalf of himself and others, inhabitants of +Ely, against the feoffees of Parson's Charity, and a commission for +charitable uses was issued. The commissioners sat at Ely, on the 25th +of January, 1641, and at Cambridge on the 3rd of March in the same +year, when several of the feoffees with other persons were examined. + +At the conclusion of the joint deposition of John Hand and William +Cranford, two of the feoffees, is the following statement:-- + + "And as to the Profitts of the said Lands in theire tyme + receaved, they never disposed of any parte thereof but by the + direction and appointment of Mr. Daniell Wigmore, Archdeacon + of Ely, Mr. William March, and Mr. Oliver Cromwell." + + "These last two names were inserted att Camb. 8 Mar. 1641, by + Mr. Hy. C." + +The last name in the above note is illegible, and the last two names +in the deposition are of a different ink and handwriting from the +preceding part, but of the same ink and writing as the note. + +An original summons to the feoffees, signed by the commissioners, is +preserved. It requires them to appear before the commissioners at +the Dolphin Inn, in Ely, on the 25th of the then instant January, to +produce before the commissioners a true account "of the monies, fines, +rents, and profits by you and every of you and your predecessors +feoffees receaved out of the lands given by one Parsons for the +benefitt of the inhabitants of Ely for 16 years past," &c. The summons +is dated at Cambridge, the 13th of January, 1641, and is signed by the +three commissioners, + + "Tho. Symon. + Tho. Duckett. + Dudley Page." + +The summons is addressed + + "To Matthew, Lord Bishop of Ely, + Willm. Fuller, Deane of Ely, and to + Daniell Wigmore, Archdeacon of Ely. + William March, Esq. + Anthony Page, Esq. + Henry Gooderick, Gent. + Oliver Cromwell, Esq. + Willm. Anger. + Willm. Cranford. + John Hand, and + Willm. Austen." + +Whether Cromwell attended the sitting of the commissioners does not +appear. + +The letter from Cromwell to Mr. John Hand, published in Cromwell's +_Memoirs of Cromwell_, has not been in the possession of the feoffees +for some years. + +There is, however, an item in Mr. Hand's disbursements, which probably +refers to the person mentioned in that letter. It is as follows:-- + + L s. d. + "Ffor phisicke and surgery for old Benson, 2 7 4" + +Cromwell's letter appears to be at a later date than this item. + +John Hand was a feoffee for many years, and during his time executed, +as was usual, the office of collector or treasurer. It may be gathered +from the documents preserved that Cromwell never executed that office. +The office was usually taken by the feoffees in turn then, as at the +present time; but Cromwell most probably was called to a higher sphere +of action before his turn arrived. + +It is worthy of note, that Cromwell's fellow-trustees, the Bishop +of Ely (who was the celebrated Matthew Wren), Fuller the Dean, +and Wigmore the Archdeacon, were all severely handled during the +Rebellion. + +ARUN. + + * * * * * + + +DR. SAM. PARR AND DR. JOHN TAYLOR, OF SHREWSBURY AND SHREWSBURY +SCHOOL. + + +Looking at the Index to the _Memoirs of Gilbert Wakefield_, edit. of +1804, I saw, under the letter T., the following entries:-- + + "Taylor, Rev. Dr. John, Tutor of Warrington Academy, i. 226. + ---- his latinity, why faulty, ii. 449." + +But I instantly suspected an error: for it was my belief that those +two notices were designed for two distinct scholars. Accordingly, I +revised both passages, and found that I was right in my conjecture. +The facts are these:--In the former of the references, "The Rev. John +Taylor, D.D.," is pointed out. The other individual, of the same +name, was John Taylor, LL.D., a native of Shrewsbury, and a pupil of +Shrewsbury School: HIS _latinity_ it is which Dr. Samuel Parr [_ut +supr._] characterises as FAULTY: and for the defects of which he +endeavours, successfully or otherwise, to account. So that whosoever +framed the _Index_ has here committed an oversight. + +In the quotation which I proceed to make, Parr is assigning causes of +what, as I think, he truly deemed blemishes in G. Wakefield's Latin +style; and this is the language of the not unfriendly censor:-- + + "--None, I fear, of his [W.'s] Latin productions are wholly + free from faults, which he would have been taught to avoid + in our best public seminaries, and of which I have seen many + glaring instances in the works of Archbishop Potter, Dr. John + Taylor, Mr. Toup, and several eminent scholars now living, who + were brought up in private schools." + +But could Parr mean to rank Shrewsbury School among the "private +schools?" I am not old enough to recollect what it was in the times +of Taylor, J., the civilian, and the editor of Demosthenes. Its +celebrity, however, in our own day, and through a long term of +preceding years, is confessed. Dr. Parr's judgement in this case might +be somewhat influenced by his prepossessions as an _Harrovian_. + +N. + +April, 1850. + + * * * * * + + +PROVINCIAL WORDS. + + +In _Twelfth Night_, Act ii. Scene 3., occur the words "Sneck up," in +C. Knight's edition, or "Snick up," Mr. Collier's edition. These words +appear most unaccountably to have puzzled the commentators. Sir Toby +Belch uses them in reply to Malvolio, as,-- + +_Enter_ MALVOLIO. + + "_Mal._ My masters, are you mad? or what are you? Have you no + wit, manners, nor honesty, but to gabble like tinkers at this + time of night? Do you make an alehouse of my lady's house, + that you squeak out your cozier's catches without any + mitigation or remorse of voice? Is there no respect of place, + person, nor time, in you? + + "_Sir To._ We did keep time, Sir, in our catches. Sneck up!" + +"Sneck up," according to Mr. C. Knight, is explained thus:-- + + "A passage in Taylor, the Water Poet, would show that this + means 'hang yourself.' A verse from his 'Praise of Hempseed' + is given in illustration." + +"Snick up," according to Mr. Collier, is said to be "a term of +contempt," of which the precise meaning seems to have been lost. +Various illustrations are given, as see his Note; but all are wide of +the meaning. + +Turn to Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, 2d +edition, and there is this explanation:-- + + "SNECK, that part of the iron fastening of a door which is + raised by moving the latch. To _sneck_ a door, is to latch + it." + +See also Burn's Poems: _The Vision, Duan First_, 7th verse, which is +as follows:-- + + "When dick! the string the snick did draw,-- + And jee! the door gaed to the wa'; + An' by my ingle-lowe I saw, + Now bliezin' bright, + A tight, outlandish Hizzie, braw, + Come full in sight." + +These quotations will clearly show that "sneck" or "snick" applies to +a door; and that to _sneck_ a door is to shut it. I think, therefore, +that Sir Toby meant to say in the following reply:-- + + "We did keep time, Sir, in our catches. Sneck up!" + +That is, close up, shut up, or, as is said now, "bung +up,"--emphatically, "We kept true time;" and the probability is, that +in saying this, Sir Toby would accompany the words with the action of +pushing an imaginary door; or _sneck up_. + +In the country parts of Lancashire, and indeed throughout the North +of England, and it appears Scotland also, the term "sneck the door" +is used indiscriminately with "shut the door" or "toin't dur." And +there can be little doubt but that this provincialism was known to +Shakspeare, as his works are full of such; many of which have either +been passed over by his commentators, or have been wrongly noted, as +the one now under consideration. + +Shakspeare was essentially a man of the people; his learning was +from within, not from colleges or schools, but from the universe and +himself. He wrote the language of the people; that is, the common +every-day language of his time: and hence mere classical scholars have +more than once mistaken him, and most egregiously misinterpreted him, +as I propose to show in some future Notes. + +R.R. + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + + +_Death-bed Superstition_. (No. 20. p. 315.).--The practice of opening +doors and boxes when a person dies, is founded on the idea that the +ministers of purgatorial pains took the soul as it escaped from the +body, and flattening it against some closed door (which alone would +serve the purpose), crammed it into the hinges and hinge openings; +thus the soul in torment was likely to be miserably pinched and +squeezed by the movement on casual occasion of such door or lid: an +open or swinging door frustrated this, and the fiends had to try some +other locality. The friends of the departed were at least assured +that they were not made the unconscious instruments of torturing the +departed in their daily occupations. The superstition prevails in the +North as well as in the West of England; and a similar one exists in +the South of Spain, where I have seen it practised. + +Among the Jews at Gibraltar, at which place I have for many years been +a resident, there is also a strange custom when a death occurs in the +house; and this consists in pouring away all the water contained in +any vessel, the superstition being that the angel of death may have +washed his sword therein. + +TREBOR. + + * * * * * + +_May Marriages_.--It so happened that yesterday I had both a Colonial +Bishop and a Home Archdeacon taking part in the services of my church, +and visiting at my house; and, by a singular coincidence, both had +been solicited by friends to perform the marriage ceremony not later +than to-morrow, because in neither case would the bride-elect submit +to be married in the month of May. I find that it is a common notion +amongst ladies, that May marriages are unlucky. + +Can any one inform me whence this prejudice arose? + +ALFRED GATTY. + +Ecclesfield, April 29. 1850. + + [This superstition is as old as Ovid's time, who tells us in + his _Fasti_, + + "Nec viduae taedis eadem, nec virginis apta + Tempora. Quae nupsit non diuturna fuit. + Hac quoque de causa (si te proverbia tangunt), + Mense malas Maio nubere vulgus ait." + + The last line, as our readers may remember, (see _ante_, No. + 7. p. 97.), was fixed on the gates of Holyrood on the morning + (16th of May) after the marriage of Mary Queen of Scots and + Bothwell.] + + * * * * * + +_Throwing Old Shoes at a Wedding_.--At a wedding lately, the +bridesmaids, after accompanying the bride to the hall-door, threw into +the carriage, on the departure of the newly-married couple, a number +of old shoes which they had concealed somewhere. On inquiry, I find +this custom is not uncommon; I should be glad to be favoured with any +particulars respecting its origin and meaning, and the antiquity of +it. + +ARUN. + + [We have some NOTES on the subject of throwing Old Shoes after + a person as a means of securing them good fortune, which we + hope to insert in an early Number.] + + * * * * * + +_Sir Thomas Boleyn's Spectre_.--Sir Thomas Boleyn, the father of the +unfortunate Queen of Henry VIII., resided at Blickling, distant about +fourteen miles from Norwich, and now the residence of the dowager Lady +Suffield. The spectre of this gentleman is believed by the vulgar to +be doomed, annually, on a certain night in the year, to drive, for a +period of 1000 years, a coach drawn by four headless horses, over a +circuit of twelve bridges in that vicinity. These are Aylsham, Burgh, +Oxnead, Buxton, Coltishall, the two Meyton bridges, Wroxham, and four +others whose names I do not recollect. Sir Thomas carries his head +under his arm, and flames issue from his mouth. Few rustics are hardy +enough to be found loitering on or near those bridges on that night; +and my informant averred, that he was himself on one occasion hailed +by this fiendish apparition, and asked to open a gate, but "he warn't +sich a fool as to turn his head; and well a' didn't, for Sir Thomas +passed him full gallop like:" and he heard a voice which told him that +he (Sir Thomas) had no power to hurt such as turned a deaf ear to his +requests, but that had he stopped he would have carried him off. + +This tradition I have repeatedly heard in this neighbourhood from aged +persons when I was a child, but I never found but one person who had +ever actually _seen_ the phantom. Perhaps some of your correspondents +can give some clue to this extraordinary sentence. The coach and four +horses is attached to another tradition I have heard in the west +of Norfolk; where the ancestor of a family is reported to drive his +spectral team through the old walled-up gateway of his now demolished +mansion, on the anniversary of his death: and it is said that the +bricks next morning have ever been found loosened and fallen, though +as constantly repaired. The particulars of this I could easily procure +by reference to a friend. + +E.S.T. + +P.S. Another vision of Headless Horse is prevalent at Caistor Castle, +the seat of the Fastolfs. + + * * * * * + +_Shuck the Dog-fiend_.--This phantom I have heard many persons in East +Norfolk, and even Cambridgeshire, describe as having seen as a black +shaggy dog, with fiery eyes, and of immense size, and who visits +churchyards at midnight. One witness nearly fainted away at seeing it, +and on bringing his neighbours to see the place where he saw it, he +found a large spot as if gunpowder had been exploded there. A lane +in the parish of Overstrand is called, after him, Shuck's Lane. The +name appears to be a corruption of "shag," as _shucky_ is the Norfolk +dialect for "shaggy." Is not this a vestige of the German "Dog-fiend?" + +E.S.T. + + * * * * * + + + + +QUERIES. + + +NUMISMATIC QUERIES. + +Can any numismatical contributor give me any information as to the +recurrence elsewhere, &c., of the following types of coins in my +possession:-- + +1. A coin of the size of Roman 1 B., of the province of Macedonia +Prima.--_Obv._ A female head, with symbols behind, and a rich +floriated edge: _Rev._ A club within an oaken garland: Legend in the +field, [Greek: MAKEDONON PROTES]. + +The type is illustrated by Dr. Horne, in his _Introduction to the +Study of the Bible_, in explanation of Acts, xvi. 11, 12. The specimen +in my possession is in _lead_, finely struck, and therefore not a +_cast_, and in all respects equal in point of sharpness and execution +to the silver of the same size and type in the British Museum; and was +dug up by a labourer at Chesterton, near Cambridge. How is the metal +of which my specimen is composed to be accounted for? + +2. A 3 B. coin apparently by the portrait of Tiberius.--Legend +defaced: _Rev._ The type known by collectors as the altar of Lyons: +_Ex._ (ROM)AE ET AV(G.) + +3. A 3 B. of Herennia Estruscilla.--_Rev_. The usual seated figure of +Pudicitia; and the Legend, PVDICITIA AVG. + +According to Col. Smyth, Akermann, and other authorities, no third +brass of this empress exists; but the specimen before me has been +decided as undoubtedly genuine by many competent judges. + +4. A 3 B. coin of the Emperor Macrinus, struck in some of the +provinces.--_Obv._ A bearded portrait of the emperor: Leg., AVT. +K.M.O.C.C. MAKPINOC: _Rev._ An archaic S.C. in a laurel garland, above +L and beneath C. I am anxious to know to what locality I may ascribe +this coin, as I have not been able to find it described. + +E.S.T. + + * * * * * + +QUERIES PROPOSED, NO. 2. + +When reflecting on my various pen-and-ink skirmishes, I have sometimes +half-resolved to _avoid controversy_. The resolution would have been +unwise; for silence, on many occasions, would be a dereliction of +those duties which we owe to ourselves and the public. + +The halcyon days, so much desired, may be far distant! I have +to comment, elsewhere, on certain parts of the _Report_ of the +commissioners on the British Museum--which I hope to do firmly, yet +respectfully; and on the evidence of Mr. Panizzi--in which task I must +not disappoint his just expectations. I have also to propose a query +on the _blunder of Malone_--to which I give precedence, as it relates +to Shakspeare. + +The query is--have I "mistaken the whole affair"? A few short +paragraphs may enable others to decide. + +1. The question at issue arose, I presume to say, out of the +_statement of Mr. Jebb_. I never quoted the Irish edition. If _C._ +can prove that Malone superintended it, he may fairly tax me with a +violation of my new canon of criticism--not otherwise. What says Mr. +James Boswell on that point? I must borrow his precise words: "The +only edition for which Mr. Malone can be considered as responsible +[is] his own in 1790." [_Plays and poems of W.S._ 1821, i. xxxiii.] + +2. I am said to have "repeated what _C._ had already stated."--I +consulted the _Shakspere_ of Malone, and verified my recollections, +when the query of "Mr. JEBB" appeared--but forbore to notice its +misconceptions. Besides, one _C._, after an interval of two months, +merely _asserted_ that it was not a blunder of Malone; the other _C._ +furnished, off-hand, his proofs and references. + +3. To argue fairly, we must use the same words in the same sense. +Now _C._ (No. 24. p. 386.) asserts the _Malone had never seen_ the +introductory fragment; and asks, who _forged_ it? He uses the word +_fabrication_ in the sense of forgery.--The facts are produced (No. +25. p. 404.). He is informed that the _audacious fabrication_, which +took place before 1770, was first published by Malone himself, +in 1790--yet he expects me to apply the same terms to the blunder +committed by another editor in 1794. + +4. As an answer to my assertion that the Irish editor _attempted to +unite_ the two fragments, _C._ proceeds to prove that he _did not +unite them_. The procedure is rather defective in point of logical +exactness. It proves only what was not denied. Malone refers to the +_will of John Shakspere, found by Joseph Moseley_, with sufficient +clearness; and it is charitable to assume that the Irish editor +intended to observe the instructions of his precursor. He failed, it +seems--but why? It would be useless to go in search of the rationale +of a blunder. + +Have I "_mistaken the whole affair_"?--I entreat those readers of +the "NOTES AND QUERIES" who may take up the affirmative side of the +question to point out my errors, whether as to facts or inferences. + +BOLTON CORNET. + + * * * * * + +AUTHORS WHO HAVE PRIVATELY PRINTED THEIR OWN WORKS. + +Can any of your readers refer me to any source whence I can obtain +an account of "JOHN PAINTER, B.A. of St. John's College, Oxford?" He +appears to have been a very singular character, and fond of printing +(privately) his own lucubrations; to most of which he subscribes +himself "The King's Fool." Three of these privately printed tracts are +now before me:--1. _The Poor Man's Honest Praises and Thanksgiving_, +1746. 2. _An Oxford Dream, in Two Parts_, 1751. 3. _A Scheme designed +for the Benefit of the Foundling Hospital_, 1751. + +Who was ROBERT DEVERELL, who privately printed, in 4to., _Andalusia; +or Notes tending to show that the Yellow Fever was well known to +the Ancients_? The book seems a mass of absurdity; containing +illustrations of Milton's _Comus_, and several other subjects equally +incongruous. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Seager a Painter.--Marlow's Autograph._--In a MS., which has +lately been placed in my hands, containing a copy of Henry Howard's +translation of the last instructions given by the Emperor Charles V. +to his son Philip, transcribed by Paul Thompson about the end of the +sixteenth century, are prefixed some poems in a different handwriting. +The first of these is an eclogue, entitled _Amor Constans_, in which +the dialogue is carried on by "Dickye" and "Bonnybootes," and begins +thus:--"For shame, man, wilt thou never leave this sorrowe?" At the +end is the signature, "Infortunatus, Ch.M." Following this eclogue +are sixteen sonnets, signed also "Ch.M.;" in two of which the author +alludes to a portrait painter named _Seager_. One of these sonnets +commences thus:-- + + "Whilest thou in breathinge cullers, crimson white, + Drewst these bright eyes, whose language sayth to me. + Loe! the right waye to heaven; Love stoode by the(e), + _Seager!_ fayne to be drawne in cullers brighte," &c. + +I should be glad to receive any information respecting this painter: +as also any hints as to the name of the poet Ch. M. May I add, also, +another Query? Is any authentic writing or signature of _Christopher +Marlow_ known to exist? + +M. + + * * * * * + +_MS. Diary of the Convention Parliament of 1660_.--The editors of the +_Parliamentary History_ give some passages from a MS. Diary of the +Convention Parliament of the Restoration, and state that the Diary +was communicated to them by the Rev. Charles Lyttleton, Dean of Exeter +(vol. iv. p. 73.). I am anxious to know where this Diary now is, and +if it may be seen by-- + +CH. + + * * * * * + +_Etymology of Totnes_.--Can any of your readers suggest a probable +etymology for Totnes, the "prime town of Great Britain," as it is +called by Westcote[1], who supposes it to have been built by Brutus, +1108 years before the Christian era. Mr. Polwhele, who supposed the +numerous _Hams_ in Devon to have owed their names to the worship +of Jupiter _Hammon_, would, I imagine, have derived Totnes from the +Egyptian god Thoth or Taut; or, perhaps, directly from King Thothmes. +Westcote observes that some would have the name from,-- + + "The French word _tout-a-l'aise_, which is in English, all at + ease; as if Brutus at his arrival in such a pleasant soil ... + should here assure himself and his fellow-travellers of + ease, rest, and content; and the _l_, in this long time, is + changed into _n_, and so from _tout-a-lesse_ we now call it + _tout-a-nesse_, and briefly Totnessse. This would _I willingly + applaud, could I think or believe that Brutus spake so good + French_, or that the French tongue was then spoken at all. + Therefore, I shall with the more ease join in opinion with + those who would have it named _Dodonesse_, which signifieth + [in what language?] the rocky-town, or town on stones, which + is also agreeable with the opinion of Leland." + +Totnes is denominated Totenais and Totheneis in _Domesday Book_; and +in other old records variously spelt, Toteneis, Totteneys, Toteneys, +Totton', Totten, Totenesse, Tottenesse, Tottonasse, Totonie, &c. +Never, Donodesse. + +J.M.B. + +Totnes, April 23. 1850. + + [1] _A View of Devonshire in MDCXXX._, by Thomas Westcote, + Esq., Exeter, 1845. + + * * * * * + +_Dr. Maginn's Miscellanies_.--Towards the end of 1840, Dr. Maginn +issued the prospectus of a work to be published weekly in numbers, +and to be entitled "_Magazine Miscellanies_, by Dr. Maginn," which was +intended to comprise a selection from his contributions to Blackwood, +Fraser, &c. Will any one of your multitudinous readers kindly inform +me whether this work was ever published, or any portion of it? + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_Dr. Maginn's "Shakspeare Papers."_--The Doctor published several very +able critical dissertations under this, or some similar title, about +the year 1837, in one of the monthly magazines, for references to +which I shall feel obliged. + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_Dr. Maginn's Homeric Ballads._--Between 1839 and 1842, the "Homeric +Ballads," from thirteen to sixteen, appeared in _Fraser's Magazine_. +Will any correspondent favour me with specific references to the +numbers or months in which they were published? I may add, that I +shall esteem it as a very great favour to receive authentic reference +to any articles contributed to Blackwood, Fraser, &c., &c., by +Dr. Maginn. The difficulty of determining authorship from internal +evidence alone is well-known, and is aptly illustrated by the fact, +that an article on Miss Austen's novels, by Archbishop Whately, was +included in the collection of Sir Walter Scott's prose works. + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_Poor Robin's Almanack_.--Who was the author or originator of _Poor +Robin's Almanack_? Are any particulars known of its successive +editors? In what year did it cease to be published? The only one I +possess is for the year 1743,--"Written by Poor Robin, _Knight of the +Burnt Island_, a well-wisher to Mathematicks," who informs his readers +that this was his eighty-first year of writing. What is meant by +_Knight of the Burnt Island_? + +I must not omit to add, that at Dean Prior, the former vicar, Robert +Herrick, has the reputation of being the author of _Poor Robin_. + +J.M.B. + +Totnes, April 18. 1850. + + * * * * * + +_The Camp in Bulstrode Park_.--Is there any published account of +this camp having been opened? It is well worth the examination of +a competent antiquary.... It is not even alluded to in Mr. Jesse's +_Favourite Haunts_, nor does that gentleman appear to have visited the +interesting village of "Hedgerley" (anciently _Hugely_), or Jordans, +the Quakers' Meeting-house, and burial-place of Penn, between +Beaconsfield and Chalfont. Chalfont was anciently written Chalfhunt, +and is by the natives still called Charffunt; and Hunt is a very +common surname in this parish: there was, however, Tobias Chalfont, +Rector of Giston, who died 1631. "Chal" appears to be a common prefix. +In Chalfont (St. Peter's) is an inscription to _Sir_ Robert Hamson, +Vycar, alluded to in Boutell's _Brasses_. In a cupboard under the +gallery staircase is a copper helmet, which, prior to the church +having been beautified in 1822, was suspended on an iron bracket with +a _bit of rag_, as it then looked, to the best of my memory. I have +heard that it belonged to the family of Gould of Oak End, extinct. + +A.C. + + * * * * * + +_Hobit_, a measure of corn in Wales; what is the derivation? + +A.C. + + * * * * * + + + + +REPLIES. + + +DR. PERCY AND THE POEMS OF THE EARL OF SURREY. + +I have the means of showing what Dr. Percy did with the poems of the +Earl of Surrey, because I have a copy of the work now before me. + +It can hardly be said that he "prepared an edition" of those poems, +as supposed by your correspondent "G." on the authority of Watts's +_Bibliotheca Britannica_, but he made an exact reprint of the _Songes +and Sonnettes written by the Right Honorable Lorde Henry Haward, +late Earle of Surrey, and other_, which was printed _Apud Richardum +Tottell. Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum_. 1557. The Bishop of +Dromere made no attempt at editing the work much beyond what was +necessary to secure an exact reimpression. He prefixed no Life of +Surrey (a point "G." wishes to ascertain); and, in fact, the book was +never completed. It contains considerably more than the reprint of the +poems of Lord Surrey, and was intended to consist of two volumes with +separate pagination; the first volume extending to p. 272., and the +second to p. 342. + +As the work is a rarity, owing to an unfortunate accident, some of +your readers may like to see a brief notice of it. Watts (as quoted +by "G." for I have not his portly volumes at hand,) states that the +"whole impression" was "consumed in the fire which took place in Mr. +Nicholls's premises in 1808." This was a mistake, as my extant copy +establishes; and _Restituta_ (iii. 451.) informs us that _four_ were +saved. Of the history of my own impression I know nothing beyond the +fact, that I paid a very high price for it some twenty years since, +at an auction; but the late Mr. Grenville had another copy, which I +had an opportunity of seeing, and which had belonged to T. Park, and +had been sent to him by Dr. Percy for the advantage of his notes and +remarks. This, I presume, is now in the British Museum; whither it +came with the rest of Mr. Grenville's books, four or five years ago. + +The "Songs and Sonnets" of Surrey occupy only the first forty pages of +vol. i.; then follow "Songs and sonnets" by Sir Thomas Wyat to p. 111. +inclusive; and they are succeeded by poems "of uncertain authors," +which occupy the rest of the the first volume. The second volume +begins with "The Seconde Boke of Virgiles AEnaeis," filling thirty +pages; while "the Fourth Boke" ends at p. 57., with the imprint of R. +Tottell, and the date of 1557. "Ecclesiastes and Certain Psalms by +by Henry Earl of Surrey," which are "from ancient MSS. never before +imprinted," close at p. 81. "Certayne Psalmes chosen out of the +Psalter of David," consisting of the seven penitential psalms, with +the imprint of Thomas Raynald and John Harrington," fill thirty pages; +and to them is added "Sir Thomas Wyat's Defence," from the Strawberry +Hill edition; which, with a few appended notes, carries the work on to +p. 141. + +A new title-page, at which we now arrive, shows us the intention of +Dr. Percy, and the object at which he had all along aimed: it runs +thus:--"Poems in Bland Verse (not Dramatique) prior to Milton's +_Paradise Lost._ Subsequent to Lord Surrey's in this Volume, and to +N.G.'s in the preceding." In truth, Dr. Percy was making a collection +in the two volumes of all the English undramatic blank verse he could +discover, prior to the publication of Milton's great poem. He was +guilty of some important omissions, because bibliographical knowledge +was not then as far advanced as at present, but he performed good +service to letters as far as he was able to go; and the blank verse +productions he subjoins are by George Tubervile, George Gascoigne, +Barnabie Riche, George Peele, James Aske, William Vallans, Nicholas +Breton, George Chapman, and Christopher Marlow. These occupy from p. +342. of vol. ii. + +This list might now be considerably increased; but my present business +is only to answer the Query of "G.," as to the nature and contents +of the work. It has been said, I know not on what authority, that +Steevens assisted Percy in preparing and printing it. I apprehend that +the aid given by Steevens consisted solely in recommending the Bishop +to procure certain rare productions which would contribute to the +purpose. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + +May 7, 1850. + + [To this we may add, that about 1767, when Bishop Percy + printed these twenty-five sheets of poems of Lord Surrey and + the Duke of Buckingham, it appears by a letter of the Bishop + to Horace Walpole, that he presented a copy of them to + Walpole, with a request for information about Lord Surrey. The + Bishop never wrote the Life of Surrey; and in 1808 the whole + impression was burnt, with the exception of a copy or two that + the Bishop had given to his friends. In the letter to Walpole + the Bishop says, "A few more leaves will complete that book, + which with the second and Dr. Surrey's Songs and Sonnets, &c. + will be sufficient for the book."] + + * * * * * + +SYMBOLS OF THE FOUR EVANGELISTS. + +Horne, in his _Introduction_, vol. iv. p. 254., says that Irenaeus was +the first to discover the analogy between the four animals mentioned +by Ezekiel (i. 5. 10.) and the four Evangelists, which gave rise to +the well-known paintings of these latter. He quotes from _Iren. adv. +Hoer._ lib. iii. cap. 11.:-- + + "The first living creature, which is like a lion, signifies + Christ's efficacy, principality, and regality, viz. John; the + second, like a calf, denotes His sacerdotal order, viz. Luke; + the third, having as it were, a man's face, describes His + coming in the flesh as man, viz. Matthew; and the fourth, like + a flying eagle, manifests the grace of the Spirit flying into + the Church, viz. Mark." +There is also an interesting passage in _Dionys Carthus. in Apocal. +Enarr._ iv. 7., from which the following is an extract:-- + + "Although the above exposition of Gregorius, in which by the + man in meant Matthew, by the calf Luke, &c., be the common + one, yet other holy men have held a different opinion, for as + Bede relates on this point, Augustine understood by the lion + Matthew, because in the beginning of his Gospel he describes + the _royal_ descent of Christ; by the calf he also understood + Luke, because he wrote of the _priestly_ descent of Our Lord; + by the man Mark, because he omits the question of Christ's + birth, and confines himself more especially to describing + His acts as a _man_; by the eagle, _all_ understand John, on + account of the sublimity to which his Gospel soars. Others + again understand by the lion Matthew; by the calf Mark, + on account of the simplicity of his style; and by the man + Luke, because he has more fully treated of Christ's _human_ + generation." + +Would "JARLZBERG" kindly favour me with a reference to his interesting +anecdote of the lion's whelps? + +J. EASTWOOD. + +Ecclesfield, May 9. 1850. + + * * * * * + +Your correspondent "JARLZBERG" (No. 24. p. 385.) inquires for the +origin of the Evangelistic symbols. The four living creatures, in +Ezekiel, i. 10., and Revelations, iv. 7., were interpreted from +the earliest times to represent the four Gospels. Why the angel is +attributed to St. Matthew, the lion to St. Mark, and so on, is another +question: but their order in Ezekiel corresponds with the order of +the Gospels as we have them. Durandus would probably furnish some +information. The fabulous legend of the lion savours of a later +origin. Some valuable remarks on the subject, and a list of references +to early writers, will be found in Dr. Wordsworth's _Lectures on the +Canon of Scripture_ (Lect. VI. p. 151.), and his _Lectures on the +Apocalypse_ (Lect. IV. pp. 116, 117.) + +C.R.M. + + * * * * * + +_Symbols of the Evangelists_ (No. 24. p. 385.).--The symbols of the +four Evangelists are treated of by J. Williams, _Thoughts on the Study +of the Gospels_, p. 5--22. Lond. 1842. + +M. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + +With regard to the symbols of the four Evangelists, "JARLZBERG" may +consult a Sermon by Boys on the portion of Scripture appointed for the +Epistle for Trinity-Sunday. (_Works_, p. 355. Lond. 1622.) + +R.G. + + [To these Replies we will only add a reference to Mrs. + Jameson's interesting and beautiful volume on _Sacred and + Legendary Art_, vol. i. p. 98., _et seq._, and the following + Latin quatrain:-- + + "Quatuor haec Dominum signant animalia Christum, + Est _Homo_ nascendo, _Vitulus_que sacer moriendo, + Et _Leo_ surgendo, coelos _Aquila_ que petendo; + Nec minus hos scribas animalia et ipsa figurant."] + + * * * * * + +COMPLEXION. + +_Complexion_ is usually (and I think universally) employed to express +the _tint of the skin_; and the hair and eyes are spoken of separately +when the occasion demands a specific reference to them. "NEMO" +(No. 22. p. 352.), moreover, seems to confound the terms "white" +and "fair," between the meanings of which there is considerable +difference. A white skin is not fair, nor a fair skin white. There +is no close approach of one to the other; and indeed we never see a +white complexion, except the chalked faces in a Christmas of Easter +Pantomime, or in front of Richardson's booth at Greenwich or Charlton +Fair. A contemplation of these would tell us what the "human face +divine" would become, were we any of us truly _white-skinned_. + +The skin diverges in tint from the white, in one direction towards the +yellow, and in another towards the red or pink; whilst sometimes we +witness a seeming tinge of blue,--characteristic of asphyxia, cholera, +or some other disease. We often see a mixture of red and yellow (the +yellow predominating) in persons subject to bilious complaints; and +not unfrequently a mixture of all three, forming what the painters +call a "neutral tint," and which is more commonly called "an olive +complexion." + +The negro skin is black; that is, it does not separate the sun's light +into the elementary colours. When, by the admixture of the coloured +races with the negro, we find coloured skins, they _always_ tend to +the yellow, as in the various mulatto shades of the West Indies, and +especially in the Southern States of America; and the same is true of +the "half-castes" of British India, though with a distinct darkness or +blackness, which the descendant of the negro does not generally show. + +Though I have, in accordance with the usual language of philosophers, +spoken of _blue_ as an element in the colour of the skin, I have some +doubt whether it be a "true blue" or not. It is quite as likely +to arise from a partial participation in the quality of the negro +skin--that of absorbing a large portion of the light without any +analysis whatever. This may be called _darkness_. + +However, to return to the Query: the term _pale_ is applied to the +yellow-tinted skin; _fair_, to the red or pink; _brown_, to the +mixture of red and yellow, with either blue or such darkness as +above described; _sallow_, to yellow and darkness; and the only close +approach to _whiteness_ that we ever see, is in the sick room of the +long-suffering fair complexion. In death, this changes to a "blackish +grey," a mixture of white and darkness. + +The _pale_ complexion indicates a thick, hard, dry skin; the _fair_, +a thin and soft one; and all the shades of dark skin render a large +amount of ablution essential to health, comfort, or agreeableness +to others. If any of your readers should feel curious about the +characters of the wearers of these several skins, they must inquire of +Lavater and his disciples. + +D.V.S. + +Home, April 1. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +BALLAD OF DICK AND THE DEVIL. + +Looking over some of your back numbers, I find (No. 11. p. 172.) an +inquiry concerning a ballad with this title. I have never met with it +in print, but remember some lines picked up in nursery days from an +old nurse who was a native of "the dales." These I think have probably +formed a part of this composition. The woman's name was curiously +enough Martha Kendal; and, in all probability, her forebears had +migrated from that place into Yorkshire:-- + + "Robin a devil he sware a vow. + He swore by the _sticks_[2] in hell-- + By the _yelding_ that crackles to mak the _low_[3], + That warms his _namsack_[4] weel. + + "He _leaped_ on his beast, and he rode with heaste, + To _mak_ his black oath good; + 'Twas the Lord's Day, and the folk did pray + And the priest in _can_cel stood. + + "The door was wide, and in does he ride, + In his clanking _gear_ so gay; + A long keen brand he held in his hand, + Our Dickon for to slay. + + "But Dickon goodhap he was not there, + And Robin he rode in vain, + And the men got up that were kneeling in prayer, + To take him by might and main. + + "Rob swung his sword, his steed he spurred, + He plunged right through the thr_a_ng. + But the stout smith Jock, with his old mother's _crutch_[5], + He gave him a _woundy_ bang. + + "So hard he smote the iron pot, + It came down plume and all; + Then with bare head away Robin sped, + And himself was _fit_ to fall. + + "Robin a devil he _way'd_[6] him home, + And if for his foes he seek, + I think that again he will not come + To _late_[7] them in Kendal kirk."[8] + +Y.A.C. + + [2] The unlettered bard has probably confused "styx" with the + kindling, "yelding," of hell-fire. + + [3] Flame. + + [4] I have often wondered what namsac (so pronounced) could + be, but since I have seen the story as told by "H.J.M." it is + evidently "namesake." + + [5] Probably crook in the original, to rhyme with Jock. + + [6] "I way'd me" is yet used in parts of Yorkshire for "I went." + + [7] "To late" is "to seek;" from _lateo_, as if by a confusion + of hiding and seeking.] + + [8] "Kirk" is not a very good rhyme to "seek;" perhaps it should + be "search" and "church".] + + * * * * * + + + + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Cavell_.--In the time of Charles I., a large tract of land lying +south-eastward of Doncaster, called Hatfield Chace, was undertaken to +be drained and made fit for tillage and pasture by one Sir Cornelius +Vermuyden, a celebrated Flemish engineer of that day, and his +partners, or "participants," in the scheme, all or most of them +Dutchmen. The lands drained were said to be "_cavelled and allotted_" +to so and so, and the pieces of land were called "_cavells_." They +were "scottled," or made subject to a tax or assessment for drainage +purposes. Two eminent topographical writers of the present day are +inclined to be of opinion that this word _cavell_ is connected with +the Saxon _gafol_, gavel-tributum--money paid--which we have in +_gavel-kind_ and _gavelage_. One of them, however, suggests that the +word _may_ be only a term used in Holland as applicable to land, and +then introduced by the Dutch at the time of the drainage in question. +I shall be obliged if any of your readers can inform me if the word +"cavell" is so used in Holland, or elsewhere, either as denoting +any particular quantity of land, or land laid under any tax, or +_tributum_, or otherwise. + +J. + + [Our correspondent will find, on referring to Kilian's + _Dictionarium Teutonico-Latino-Gallicum_, that the word + _Kavel_ is used for sors, "sors in divisione bonorum:" and + among other definitions of the verb _Kavelen_, "sorte dividere + terram," which corresponds exactly with his _cavelled and + allotted_.] + + * * * * * + +_Gootet_ (No. 25. p. 397.).--Is not this word a corruption of +_good-tide_, i.e. holiday or festival? In Halliwell's _Archaeological +Dictionary_ I find,-- + + "Good-day, a holiday; Staff. + + "Gooddit, shrovetide; North. Shrove Tuesday is called Goodies + Tuesday. + + "Good-time, a festival; Jonson." + +C.W.G. + + * * * * * + +_Salt ad Montem_ (No. 24. p. 384.) _as meaning Money_.--_Salt_ is +an old metaphor for money, cash, pay; derived, says Arbuthnot, from +_salt's_ being part of the pay of the Roman soldiers; hence _salarium, +salary_, and the levying contributions at _Salt_ Hill. Your Querist +will find several explanations of the Eton Montem in the _Gentleman's +Magazine_; and a special account of the ceremony, its origin and +circumstances, in Lyson's _Mag. Brit._ i. 557. + +C. + + * * * * * + +_Pamphlets respecting Ireland_ (No. 24. p. 384.)--I would refer +"I." to No. 6161. in the Catalogue of Stowe Library, sold by Leigh +Sotheby and Co., in January 1849. That lot consisted of two vols. of +twenty-six tracts, 4to. Amongst them is "Gookin, the Author and Case +of Transplanting the Irish in Connaught Vindicated, from Col. R. +Lawrence, 1655." Messrs. Leigh Sotheby will probably be able to inform +the Querist into whose hands these two vols. passed. The lot sold for +the large sum of 4l. 18s. + + * * * * * + +_Pimlico_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--The derivation of this word is explained +from the following passage in a rare (if not unique) tract now before +me, entitled _Newes from Hogsdon_, 1598:-- + + "Have at thee, then, my merrie boyes, and hey for old _Ben + Pimlico's_ nut-browne." + +Pimlico kept a place of entertainment in or near Hoxton, and was +celebrated for his nut-brown ale. The place seems afterwards to have +been called by his name, and is constantly mentioned by our early +dramatists. In 1609 a tract was printed, entitled _Pimlyco, or Runne +Red Cap, 'tis a Mad World at Hogsdon_. Isaac Reed (Dodsley's _Old +Plays_, ed. Collier, vii. 51.) says,-- + + "A place near Chelsea is still called Pimlico, and was + resorted to within these few years, on the same account as the + former at Hogsdon." + +Pimlico is still, I believe, celebrated for its fine ale. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +_Pimlico_ (No. 24. p. 383.).--I see, by a passage in Lord Orrery's +Letters, that there was a place called Pemlicoe in Dublin:-- + + "Brown is fluctuant; he once lay at a woman's house in + Pemlicoe, Dublin." (_Earl of Orrery to Duke of Ormond_, Feb. + 5. 1663, in _Orrery's State Letters_.) + + +This may be of use to "R.H.," who inquires about the origin of +_Pimlico_. _Ranelaugh_, in the same parts, is doubtless also of Irish +origin. + +C.H. + + [Pimlico in Dublin still exists, as will be seen by reference + to Thom's _Irish Almanac_, where we find "Pimlico, from Coombe + to Tripoli."] + + * * * * * + +_Bive and Chute Lambs_ (No. 6. p. 93.).--I do not know whether my +answer to your correspondent's inquiry about _bive_ and chute lambs +will be satisfactory, inasmuch as the price he gives of "_bive_" lambs +"apeece" is larger than the price of the "chute." Twin lambs are still +called _bive_ lambs on the borders of Sussex and Kent; and chute lambs +are fat lambs. + +_Chuet_ is an old word signifying a fat greasy pudding. It is rightly +applied to Falstaff:-- + + "Peace, _chewet_, peace." + +_1st Part K. Hen. IV._ + +WM. DURRANT COOPER. + + * * * * * + +_Latin Names of Towns_.--"M." (No. 25. p. 402.) wishes for some guide +with reference to the Latin names of towns. A great deal of assistance +may be obtained from an octavo volume, published anonymously, and +bearing the title "Dictionnaire Interprete-manuel des Noms Latins +de la Geographie ancienne et moderne; pour servir a l'Intelligence +des Auteurs Latins, principalement des Auteurs Classiques; avec les +Designations principales des Lieux. Ouvrage utile a ceux qui lisent +les Poetes, les Historiens, les Martyrologes, les Chartes, les vieux +Actes," &c. &c. A Paris, 1777. + +R.G. + + * * * * * + +_Le Petit Albert_ (No. 24. p. 385.).--I suspect this Petit Albert, +in 32mo.--a size in harmony with the cognomen--is only a catchpenny +publication, to which the title of _Le Petit Albert_ has been given +by way of resembling its name to that of Albertus Magnus, who wrote a +work or works of a character which gave rise, in the middle ages, to +the accusation that he practised magical arts; and hence, probably, +any abridgement or compendium of them, or any little work on such +arts, would be styled by the French compiler _Le Petit Albert_. In +the _Biographie Universelle_, it is affirmed that the rhapsodies +known under the name of _Secrets du Petit Albert_ are not by Albertus +Magnus; a statement which favours the belief that the work mentioned +by your correspondent "JARLZBERG" is one of that vulgar class (like +our old Moore's Almanack, &c.) got up for sale among the superstitious +and the ignorant, and palmed on the world under the mask of a +celebrated name. According to Bayle, Albertus Magnus has, by +some, been termed _Le Petit Albert_, owing, it is said, to the +diminutiveness of his stature, which was on so small a scale, that +when he, on one occasion, paid his respects to the pope, the pontiff +supposed he was still kneeling at his feet after he had risen up and +was standing erect. + +J.M. + +Oxford, April 19. + + [_Of Le Petit Albert_, of which it appears by Graesse's + _Bibliotheca Magica_ there were editions printed at Cologne + in 1722, Lyons 1775, and even at Paris in 1837, we are told + in Colin de Plancy's _Dictionnaire Infernal_, s. v. Albert le + Grand, "On a quelquefois defendu ce livre, et alors il s'est + vendu enormement cher."] + + * * * * * + +_Walter Lynne_ (No. 23. p. 367.).--"G.P." may look for Walter Lynne +into Johnson's _Typographia_, i. 556., of which copies may be had very +reasonably at Mr. Miller's (see end of No. 15.), 43. Chandos Street. + +Your intimation of brevity is attended to; though, in truth, little +more could come from + +NOVUS. + + * * * * * + +_Emancipation of the Jews_ (No. 25. p. 491.).--"H.M.A." inquires--1. +If the story mentioned in the Thurloe State Papers, that the Jews +sought to obtain St. Paul's Cathedral for a Synagogue, has been +confirmed by other writers? In Egan's _Status of the Jews in England_, +I find the following passage:-- + + "Monteith informs us, that during the Commonwealth, overtures + were made on behalf of the Hebrews to the Parliament and + Council of War, through the medium of two popular adherents + of the parliamentarians; the Jews offered to pay for the + privileges then sought by them, the sum of 500,000l.; several + debates took place on the subject, but the _ultimatum_ of the + Puritans being 800,000l., the negotiation was broken off." + +The authorities cited on this point by the learned writer are, +Monteith's _History of Great Britain_, p. 473.; and Thurloe's _State +Papers_, vol. ii. p. 652. + +On reference to Monteith, I find the following passage:-- + + "What is very remarkable in this is, that the Jews, who + crucified the Son of God, by whom Kings reign, took then + occasion of the conjuncture which seemed favourable to them. + They presented a petition to the Council of War, who crucified + Him again in the person of the King, His Vicegerent in the + kingdoms over which God had set him. By their petition, they + requested that the act of their banishment might be repealed + and _that they might have St. Paul's Church for their + synagogue_, for which, _and the library of Oxford_, wherewith + they desired to begin their traffic again, they offered five + hundred thousand pounds, but the Council of War would have + eight."--Monteiths's _Hist. of the Troubles of Great Britain_, + p. 473. + +I conclude that the author of the _Status of the Jews_, by omitting to +notice the alleged desire of the Jews to obtain St. Paul's Cathedral, +considered that the acrimonious statements of Monteith were not borne +out by accredited or unprejudiced authorities; for it is but justice +to state, it has been admitted by some of our most eminent critics, +that Mr. Egan's book on the Jews displays as dispassionate and +impartial a review of their condition in this country as it evinces a +profundity of historical and legal research. + +"H.M.A.'s" second question I am unable to answer, not being +sufficiently versed in the religious dogmas of the Jews. + +B.A. + +Christ Church, Oxford. + + * * * * * + +_Emancipation of the Jews_ (No. 25. p. 401.).--"MR. AUSTEN," who +inquires (p. 401.) about the Jews during the Commonwealth will do +well to refer to a chapter on the Jews in Godwin's _History of +the Commonwealth_, and to Sir Henry Ellis's notes on a remarkable +letter describing a Jewish synagogue in London immediately after the +Restoration, in the second series of his _Letters_; and in these two +places he will, I think, find references to all known passages on the +subject of Cromwell's proceedings as regards the Jews. + +C.H. + + * * * * * + +_As lazy as Ludlum's Dog_ (No. 24. p. 382.).--This proverb is repeated +somewhat differently in _The Doctor, &c._, "As _lazy_ as _Ludlum's_ +dog, as _leaned_ his head against a wall to bark." I venture to +suggest that this is simply one of the large class of alliterative +proverbs so common in every language, and often without meaning. In +Devonshire they say as "Busy as Batty," but no one knows who "Batty" +was. As I have mentioned _The Doctor, &c._, I may was well jot down +two more odd sayings from the same old curiosity-shop:--"As proud as +old COLE's dog which took the wall of a dung-CART, and got CRUSHED by +the wheel." And, "As queer as Dick's hat-band, that went nine times +round his hat and was fastened by a rush at last." + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_St. Winifreda_ (No. 24. p. 384.).--Your Querist will find some +information in Warton's _Hist. Eng. Poetry_, vol. i. p. 14., note, +1824. + +J.M.B. + +Totnes, April 18. 1850. + + * * * * * + +"_Vert Vert_" (No. 23. p. 366.)--It may be of some assistance to your +Querist "ROBERT SNOW," in his endeavour to trace illustrations from +Gresset's "Vert Vert," to know that the mark of RAUX, who is said to +have painted these subjects, was composed of ten small ciphers; seven +of which were placed in a circle: the other three formed a tail, + o o + o o +thus, o o something like the Roman capital Q. This artist, + o o o o +between the years 1750 and 1800, was employed in the decoration of +the Sevres porcelain: his usual subjects were bouquets or groups +of flowers; and his mark will be found underneath the double L, +interlaced, inclosing some capital letter or letters denoting the year +such ware was manufactured. + +W.C. Jun. + + * * * * * + +"_Esquire_" _and_ "_Gentleman_."--The amusing article in No. 27., on +the title of "Esquire," recalled to my memory the resolution passed by +the corporation of Stratford-on-Avon, when they presented the freedom +of that town to Garrick. It runs something like this:-- + + "Through love and regard to the memory of the immortal + _Mr._ William Shakspeare, and being fully sensible of the + extraordinary merits of his most judicious representative, + David Garrick, _Esquire_." + +Had David a better right to the title than the great poet? +Shakespeare, in the latter part of his life, was no doubt _Master +Shakspeare_, a title so common as even to be bestowed upon the +geometer of Alexandria. In Bayford's collection is preserved a +Catalogue advertising "_Master_ Euclid's Elements of Plain Geometry." + +J.O. HALLIWELL. + + * * * * * + +_Pope Felix and Pope Gregory_.--"E.M.B." (No. 26. p. 415.) inquires +who was "Pope Felix," whom AElfric called the "fifth father" of S. +Gregory the Great? This is a much disputed question, and a great +deal depends upon the meaning to be attached to the unsatisfactory +expression "atavus," used by Pope Gregory himself, in _Evangel. Hom._ +xxxviii. Sec. 15., and found also in the dialogues commonly attributed to +him. (Lib. iv. cap. xvi.) Your correspondent may consult Beda, _Hist. +Eccl. Gen. Anglor._, lib. ii. cap. 1., with the note by Mr. Stevenson, +who supposes that Pope Felix _III._ was alluded to by his "venerable" +author: This is the opinion of Bollandus (ad 25 Feb.), as well as of +Cardinal Baronius; (_Annall._ ad an. 581; _et Martyrol. Rom._ die Feb. +25. Conf. De Aste, in _Martyrolog. Disceptat._, p. 96.; Beneventi, +1716); but Joannes Diaconus (_S. Greg. Vit._ lib. i. cap. i.) employs +these decisive terms, "_quartus_ Felix, sedis Apostolicae Pontifex." It +is of course possible to translate "atavus meus" merely "my ancestor;" +and this will leave the relationship sufficiently undefined. + +R.G. + + * * * * * + +_Love's last Shift_ (No. 24. p. 383).--"The Duchess of Bolton +(natural daughter of the Duke of Monmouth) used to divert George I. +by affecting to make blunders. Once when she had been at the play +of _Love's last Shift_, she called it '_La derniere chemise_ de +l'amour.'"--_Walpoliana_, xxx. + +C. + + * * * * * + +_Quem Deus vult perdere_ (No. 22, p. 351., and No. 26, p. +421.).--"C.J.R." having pointed out a presumed imitation of this +thought, it may not be impertinent to observe, that Dryden also has +adopted the sentiment in the following lines:-- + + "For those whom God to ruin has designed, + He fits for fate, and first destroys their mind." + +_Hind and Panther_, part 3. + +G.S. FABER. + + * * * * * + +_Dayrolles_ (No. 23. p. 373).--The following information is appended +to a description of the _Dayrolles Correspondence_, in 21 folio vols. +in the Catalogue of Mr. Upcott's Collection, sold by Messrs. Evans a +few years ago:-- + +_Note copied from the Catalogue of Manuscripts, &c., belonging to the +late Mr. Upcott._ + +"James Dayrolles was resident at the Hague from 1717 to his death, 2nd +January, 1739. + +"Solomon Dayrolles, his nephew, commenced his diplomatic career under +James, first Earl of Waldegrave, when that nobleman was ambassador +at Vienna. He was godson of Philip, the distinguished Earl of +Chesterfield, and was sworn a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to George +II., 27th Feb. 1740, in the room of Sir Philip Parker, long deceased, +and on the accession of George III. was again appointed, 5th February, +1761. + +"In 1745, being at that time secretary to Lord Chesterfield, in +Holland, Mr. Dayrolles was nominated to be secretary to his lordship +at Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. + +"In May, 1747, he was promoted to be President in the United +Provinces; and in November, 1751, Resident at Brussels, where he +continued till August, 1757. He died in March, 1786." + +J.T.C. + + * * * * * + +_Solomon Dayrolles_.-- + + "24th Dec. 1786. Married Baron de Reidezel, aid-de-camp to the + Duke of Wirtemberg, to Miss Dayrolles, 2d dau. of _the late + Solomon Dayrolles_ of Hanover Square."--_Gent. Mag._ v. _56_, + p. 1146. + +Probably Mr. Dayrolles' death may be recorded in the register of St. +George's. + +B. + + * * * * * + +_Emerods_ (No. 18. p. 282.) pro _haemorrhoids_. "Golden emerods" would +be an absurdity if _emerod_ meant "emerald." "The Philistines made +golden emerods," i.e. golden images of haemorrhoids (diseased veins), +in commemoration of being delivered from plagues, of which such states +of disease were concomitant signs. + +TREBOR. + + * * * * * + +_Military Execution_ (No. 16. p. 246.).--Your correspondent "MELANION" +is informed that the anecdote refers to Murat, and the author of the +sentiment is Lord Byron. See _Byron's Poems_, Murray's edit. 1 vol. +8vo. p. 561., note 4. + +C. + + * * * * * + +"_M. or N._" (No. 26. p. 415.)--I do not think that "M. or N." are +used as the initials of any particular words; they are the middle +letters of the alphabet, and, at the time the Prayer Book was +compiled, it seems to have been the fashion to employ them in the way +in which we now use the first two. There are only two offices, the +Catechism and the Solemnisation of Matrimony, in which more than one +letter is used. In the former, the answer to the first question has +always stood "N. or M." In the office of Matrimony, however, in Edward +the Sixth's Prayer Books, both the man and woman are designated by +the letter N--"I, N., take thee, N., to my wedded wife;" whilst in +our present book M. is applied to the man and N. to the woman. The +adoption of one letter, and the subsequent substitution of another, in +this service, evidently for the sake of a more clear distinction only, +sufficiently shows that no particular name or word was intended by +either. Possibly some future "J.C." may inquire of what words the +letters "A.B.," which our legislators are so fond of using in their +Acts of Parliament, are the initials. + +ARUN. + + * * * * * + +"_M. or N._" (No. 26, p. 415.).--"M." and "N.," and particularly "N.," +are still in frequent use in France for _quidam_ or _quaedam_; so also +is X. We read every day of Monsieur N. or Madame X., where they wish +to suppress the name. + +C. + + * * * * * + +_Sapcote Motto_ (No. 23. p. 366.).--This motto is known to be French, +and as far as it can be decyphered is-- + + "sco toot X vinic [or umic] + X pones," + +the first and last letters _s_ being possibly flourishes. This +certainly seems unpromising enough. The name being Sapcote, _quasi_ +Sub-cote, and the arms "three dove-cotes," I venture to conjecture +"Sous cote unissons," as not very far from the letters given. If it be +objected that the word "cote" is not in use in this sense, it may be +remarked that French, "After the scole of Stratford atte bowe," might +borrow such a meaning to suit the sound, from "cote," in the sense of +a side or declivity. And if the objection is fatal to the conjecture, +I would then propose "Sous toit unissons." If we reject the supposed +flourishes at the beginning and ending of the inscription, and take it +to be-- + + CO TOOT VNIC + CONC, + +the c being a well-known ancient form of s, there is a difference of +only one letter between the inscription as decyphered and the proposed +motto. + +If either of these is adopted, the sentiment of family union and +family gathering, "As doves to their windows," is well adapted for a +family device. + +T.C. + +Durham, May 2. 1850. + + * * * * * + +_Finkle or Finkel_ (No. 24. p. 384.).--Is not "Finkle" very probably +derived from _Finc_, a finch, in the A.-S.? _Fingle_ Bridge, which +spans the river Teign, amidst some most romantic scenery, has the +following etymology assigned to it by a local antiquary, W.T.P. Short, +Esq. (vide _Essay on Druidical Remains in Devon_, p. 26.): "_Fyn_, +a terminus or boundary; and _Gelli_, hazel, the hazeltree limits or +boundary." But, Query, is not the second syllable rather _Gill_, akin +to the numerous tribe of "gills" or "ghylls," in the North Countrie? + +J.M.B. + + * * * * * + +_Meaning of Finkle._--Referring to No. 24. p. 384. of your most +welcome and useful publication, will you allow me to say, touching +the inquiry as to the derivation and meaning of the word "Finkle" or +"Finkel" as applied to a street, that the Danish word "Vincle" applied +to an angle or corner, is perhaps a more satisfactory derivation than +"fynkylsede, _feniculum_," the meaning suggested by your correspondent +"L." in No. 26. p. 419. It is in towns where there are traces of +Danish occupation that a "Finkle Street" is found; at least many of +the northern towns which have a street so designated were inhabited by +the Danish people, and some of those streets are winding or angular. +Finchale, a place, as you know, of fame in monastic annals, is a +green secluded spot, half insulated by a bend of the river Wear; and +Godric's Garth, the adjacent locality of the hermitage of its famous +saint, is of an angular form. But then the place is mentioned, by the +name of Finchale, as the scene of occurrences that long preceded the +coming of the Danes; and the second syllable may be derived from the +Saxon "alh" or "healh," as the place was distinguished for a building +there in Saxon times. + +W.S.G. + +Newcastle, May 4. 1850. + + * * * * * + +Your correspondent "W.M." ("_Finkel._" p. 384.) may not have +recollected that there is a beautiful ruin on the river Wear near +Durham, of which the name is pronounced (though not spelt) _Finkel_ +Abbey. + + * * * * * + +_Christian Captives_ (No. 27. p. 441.).--As a very small contribution +towards an answer to "R.W.B.'s" inquiry, I may inform you that Lady +Russell mentions in her _Letters_ (p. 338., ed. 1792) that Sir William +Coventry left by his will 3000l. to redeem slaves. + +C.H. + + * * * * * + +_Christian Captives_ (No. 27. p. 441.).--"R.W.B." may be referred to +the case of "Attorney-General _v._ the Ironmongers' Company," which +was a suit for the administration of a fund bequeathed for the +redemption of the captives. See 2 _Mylne & Keen_, 576.; 2 _Beavan_, +313., 10 _Beavan_, 194.; and 1 _Craig & Philips_, 208.: all of which I +mention to be Reports in Chancery, in case he be not a lawyer. + +A.J.H. + + * * * * * + +_Ecclesiastical Year_ (No. 24. p. 381.).--"NATHAN" is informed, that, +according to the legal supputation, until A.D. 1752, the year of Our +Lord in that part of Great Britain called England, began on the 25th +day of March, as he will find stated in the 24 Geo. II. c. 23., by +which Act it was enacted, that the 1st day of January next following +the last day of December, 1751, should be the first day of the year +1752; and that the 1st day of January in every year in time to come +should be the first day of the year. + +Philippe de Thaun, in his _Livre des Creatures_, which was written in +the first half of the twelfth century, p. 48. of the edition published +for the Historical Society of Science, has some remarks which may +interest your correspondent, that are thus literally translated by Mr. +Wright:-- + + "In March, the year ought always to begin, + According to that explanation which we find in the book, + That in the twelve kalends of April, as your understand, + Our Creator formed the first, + Where the sun always will begin his course, + But at all times we make the year begin in January, + Because the Romans did so first; + We will not un-make what the elders did." + +ARUN. + + * * * * * + +_Hanap._--Among the specimens of ancient and mediaeval art now +exhibiting in John Street, Adelphi, I was struck with the number of +gilt cups, called in the catalogue _hanaps_. The word was new to +me; but I have since met with it (as frequently happens after one's +interest has been excited with respect to a word) in Walter Scott's +_Quentin Durward_, in vol. i. chap. 3.; or rather, vol. xxxi. p. 60. +of the edition in 48 vols., Cadell, 1831; in which place the context +of the scene appears to connect the idea of _hanap_ with a cup +containing treasure. + +Now I cannot find _hanap_ in any dictionary to which I have access; +but I find _hanaper_ in every one. Johnson, and others, give the word +_Hanaper_ as synonymous with _treasury_ or _exchequer_. They also +contract _Hanaper_ into _Hamper_. For example, in Dyche's _English +Dictionary_, 17th ed. Lond. 1794, we have,-- + + "_Hamper_, or _Hanaper_, a wicker basket made with a cover to + fasten it up with; also, an office in Chancery; the clerk or + warden of the _Hanaper_ receives all monies due to the king + for seals of charters, &c.... and takes into his custody all + sealed charters, patents, &c.,... which he now puts into bags, + but anciently, it is supposed, into _Hampers_, which gave the + denomination to the office." + +And perhaps it may be remarked here, since we commonly say of a man +in difficulties that he is "exchequered" or in "chancery," that so we +probably intend to express the same, when we say a man is _hanapered_, +or _hampered_. + +Thus, there is no difficulty about the meaning of _Hanaper_; and +its connection with _treasure_ is plain and clear enough: and, with +respect to _cups_, though chiefly used for drinking, the presentation +of them with sums of money in them has ever been, and indeed is, +so very customary, that it is needless to occupy space here with +instances. But I cannot distinctly connect the _hanap_ of the +exhibition with _hanaper_: and I perhaps ought to look in another +direction for its true signification and etymology. + +ROBERT SNOW. + + [Our correspondents who have written upon the subject of Hanap + are referred to Halliwell's _Archaic Dictionary_, where they + will find "HANAP, a cup. _Test. Vet._ p. 99.;" to Ducange, + s.v. "HANAPUS, HANAPPUS, HANAPHUS, vas, patera, crater, (Vas + ansatum et pede instructum, quo a poculo distinguitur), ex + Saxonico _Hnaep_, _Hnaeppa_, Germ. _Napf_, calix patera;" + and to Guenebault, _Dict. Iconographique des Monuments_, who + refers again for particulars of this species of drinking cup + to the works of Soumerard and Willemin.] + + * * * * * + +_Life of W. Godwin._--"N.'s" inquiry (No. 26. p. 415.) for an account +of the life of W. Godwin, and more particularly of his last hours, +leads me to express hope in your columns that the memoirs of Godwin, +which were announced for publication shortly after his death, but +which family disputes, as I have understood, prevented from appearing, +may not much longer be denied to the public. I am not aware of any +better account of Godwin's life, to which "N." can now be referred, +than the sketch in the _Penny Cyclopaedia_. + +CH. + + * * * * * + +_Charles II. and Lord R.'s Daughter.--Earl of Ranelagh._--Since I +inquired in your columns (No. 25. p. 399.) who was the lady mentioned +in a passage of Henry Sidney's _Diary_, edited by Mr. Blencowe, as +Lord R.'s daughter, and a new mistress of Charles II., who in March +1680 brought Monmouth to the King for reconciliation, I have, by +Mr. Blencowe's kindness, seen the original _Diary_, which is in +the possession of the Earl of Chichester. The name of the nobleman +is there abbreviated: the letters appear to be _Rane._, and it is +probably Lord Ranelagh who is intended. I do not remember any other +notice of this amour of Charles II., and should be glad to be referred +to any other information on the subject. Charles II.'s mistresses are +political characters; and in this notice of Lord R.'s daughter, we +find her meddling in state affairs. + +I do not know whether this lady, if indeed a daughter of a Lord +Ranelagh, would be the daughter or sister of the Lord Ranelagh living +in 1680, who was the first Earl of Ranelagh and third Viscount, and +who is described by Burnet as a very able and very dissolute man, and +a great favourite of Charles II. (_Hist. of his own Time_, i. 462., +ii. 99., ed. 1823); and who, having held the office of Vice-Treasurer +in Ireland during three reigns, was turned out of it in disgrace +in 1703. He died in 1711, leaving no son, but three daughters, one +of whom was unmarried; he was the last, as well as first, Earl of +Ranelagh. The elder title of Viscount went to a cousin, and still +exists. + +CH. + + * * * * * + + + + +MISCELLANIES. + + +_Dr. Sclater's Works._--Books written by W. Sclater, D.D., omitted in +Wood's _Ath. Oxon._ edit. Bliss. vol. iii. col. 228.:-- + +"A Threefold Preseruatiue against three dangerous diseases of these +latter times:-- + +"1. Non-proficiency in Grace. + +"2. Fals-hearted Hypocrisie. + +"3. Back-sliding in Religion. + +"Prescribed in a Sermon at S. Paul's Crosse in London, September 17, +1609. London. 1610." 4to. Ded. to "Master Iohn Colles, Esquire," from +which it seems that Sclater had been presented to his living by the +father of this gentleman. The Ser. is on Heb. vi. 4-6. + +"A Sermon preached at the last generall Assise holden for the County +of Somerset at Taunton. London, 1616." 8vo. On Ps. lxxxii. 6, 7. Ded. +to "John Colles, Esq., High Sheriffe of Sommerset." + +"Three Sermons preached by William Sclater, Doctor of Diuinity, and +Minister of the Word of God at Pitmister [sic] in Sommersetshire. Now +published by his Sonne of King's Colledge in Cambridge. London, 1629." +4to. On 1 Pet. ii. 11., 2 Kings, ix. 31., and Heb. ix. 27, 28. The +last is a funeral Sermon for John Colles, Esq., preached in 1607. + +JOHN J. DREDGE. + + * * * * * + +_Runes._--Worsaeae (_Primeval Antiquities of Denmark_, 1849) mentions +that inscriptions are found in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, written in +different languages in _Runic character_. He also mentions the fact of +a Pagan Runic inscription occurring at Jellinge, Denmark, on the tomb +of old King Gorm, A.D. c. 900, found in a huge barrow; and, at the +same place, a Christian Runic inscription on the tomb of his son +Harold. Has this inquiry been extended to British Runes, and might +it not throw much light upon many monuments of dates prior to the +Conquest? Crossed slabs with Runes have been found at Hartlepool, +Durham; have the inscriptions been read? (Boutell's _Christian +Monuments_, p. 3.; Cutt's _Manual of Sepulchral Slabs_, pp. 52. 60. +plate III.) + + * * * * * + + + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + + +The _Nibelungenlied_, which has been aptly designated the German +Iliad, has hitherto been a sealed book to the mere English reader. Mr. +Lettsom has however just published a most successful translation of it +under the title of _The Fall of the Nibelungers_. Few will rise from +a perusal of the English version of this great national epic--which +in its present form is a work of the thirteenth century--without being +struck with the innate power and character of the original poem; and +without feeling grateful to Mr. Lettsom for furnishing them with so +pleasing and spirited a version of it. + +Captain Curling, Clerk of the Cheque of what was formerly designated +the Band of Gentleman Pensioners, has, under the influence of a +laudable _esprit de corps_, combined the disjointed materials which +Pegge had collected upon the subject with the fruits of his own +researches; and, under the title of _Some Account of the Ancient +Corp of Gentlemen-at-Arms_, has produced a volume of great interest +doubtless to his "brothers in arms," and containing some curious +illustrations of court ceremonial.[9] + +Mr. Timbs, the editor of _The Year-Book of Facts_, &c., announces for +early publication a work on which he has been engaged for some time, +entitled _Curiosities of London_. It will, we believe, be altogether +of a different character from Mr. Cunningham's _Handbook_, and treat +rather of present London and its amusements than those of historical +and literary associations which give a charm to Mr. Cunningham's +volume. + +We are glad to find that the most mysterious and mystified portion +of the Greek Geometry is likely to receive at last a complete +elucidation--we mean the "Porisms." There are so many questions +arising out of this subject, respecting the development of the Grecian +intellect, that a full discussion of them is no easy task; especially +of those arising out of the conflicting testimonies furnished by +history, and by the internal evidences contained in the existing works +of the "fathers of Geometry." We certainly anticipate, from the known +character of the minds now engaged in this work, that some conclusive +evidence as to the state of geometry anterior to the time of Euclid +will be elicited by Messrs. Potts and Davies. The analysis of the +writings of all the authors who have treated on the Porism, will form +a subject of interest not only for its assigning to every author his +fair share of credit for his contributions towards perfecting the +poristic method; but for that _critical discrimination of principles_, +which constitutes one of the marked features of Mr. Davies's writings +in the archaeology of geometry. We shall be glad if his slight +notice of the intended work shall bring some accession of aid to the +undertaking in the form of subscriptions: as upon adequate support, +it appears, must depend whether the work shall go to press, or the +project be abandoned. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--Thomas Thorpe's (13. +Henrietta Street) General Catalogue of very Choice, Curious, Rare, +and most Interesting Books recently purchased, including some hundred +articles of the utmost rarity. Williams and Norgate's (14. Henrietta +Street) No. 24. of German Book Circular, a Quarterly List of the +principal New Publications on the Continent; C.J. Stewart's (11. King +William Street, West Strand) Catalogue of Dogmatical, Polemical, and +Ascetical Theology. + + [9] We find at page 200, an Order of the Council, dated Dec. 5. + 1737, respecting the disposition of the band at the funeral of Queen + Caroline, signed by "TEMPLE STANYAN," the subject of a Query in + No. 24. p. 382., and of several Replies in our last, No. 28. p. 460. + + * * * * * + + WANTED.--MANUSCRIPT OF OLD ENGLISH POETRY.--Borrowed, within + the last few months, from the Town Residence of a Gentleman, + a large 4to. MS., in modern binding, of Early English Poetry, + by Richard Rolle, of Hampole; containing, among other matters, + Religious Pieces couched in the form of Legal Instruments, and + a Metrical Chronicle of the Kings of England, in the style + of Lydgate's. 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